DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/historicaldescri01unse AN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE I \ BEYIEW * • OF THE CITY OF CHARLESTON MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE INDUSTRIES, INCLUDING MANY SKETCHES OF LEADING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CITIZENS. ATOLTJIVCE X. EMPIRE PUBLISHING COMPANY. New York. 1884. CHARLESTON, S. C. alker, Evans & Cogswell, Printers, Nos. 3 Broad and 109 East Bay Streets. PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES CONSULTED. Resources, etc., of South Carolina, 1883. South Carolina State Gazeteer, 1883. Guide to Charleston — Charleston, 1875. The Mayor’s Year Book of the City of Charleston. ERRATA. In Preface, line 19, for officers, read offices. On page 12, line 43, , for isoeiles, read isosceles. On page 52, column 2, line 24, for importation, read exportation. On page 94, column 1 . line 24, for Sebard, read C. Bart. On page 68, column 2, line 4, after business, read and On page 69, column 2, line 35, for &c., read &. On page 72, column 1, line 24, after officers, read and. On page 73, column 1 line 35, for 1465, read 1805. On page 83, column 1, line 18, for ago, read of age. On page 110, column 1, line 4, for as large a, read a large. On page 110, column 2, line 5, for the larger, read larger. On page 135, column 1, for Jabob Steiber, read Jacob Steiber. On page 170, column 2, line 45, for obsterics, read obstetrics. On page 183 in Index, read H. H. Bolger, page 149. 9 7 < 5 .' 71 ? £ n~ PREFACE. The general desire of the better class of our citizens to be informed with regard to the social, mercantile, commercial and manufacturing interests of our country, the material and moral status of the various municipalities, that make the States, our vast National territorial extent, the distance that separates producer and consumer, and the impractibility to universal travel, form, in our judgment, sufficient excuse for the publication of this work. It is highly desirable that information with regard to a community so useful and progres- sive in trade should be as widely diffused as possible, and though no claim is made that this volume is a perfect reflex of Charleston in this respect, it is confidently asserted that no other publication, with a similar object, will con- tain more new or valuable matter. What gives value to history is its accuracy and authenticity. The publishers of this work have spared no time or labor and have incurred no inconsiderable expense in procuring the fullest and most correct information with regard to the business and the business men ; the origin and development of prominent firms, institutions, and corporations; the prominent professional men, and the incumbents of the more important public officers, city and national. In the following series of brief descriptive articles, to which the at- tention of the reader is particularly directed, an accurate knowledge will be imparted with reference to the commercial and manufacturing facilities of this city, its advantages as a market for the purchase of sup- plies, its unequalled conveniences as a shipping port, its opulent and enter- prising business concerns, and information with regard to such men, profes- sional and official, whose avocations identify them with the history of the city. As an exhibit of capital, enterprise, and individual worth, this group of notices evinces a degree of active endeavor, and individual worth, that can not fail to lead to the establishment of more perfect ideas, with reference to the real greatness of Charleston as a commercial centre. It was the intention when the compilation of this work was com- menced, to have included in it an historical sketch of the various churches of the city, and of their several pastors, also of the public schools, acad- emies and colleges, and of their teachers, principals and faculties, hut finding in the prosecution of his labors, that the size of this volume had already exceeded in extent the limit prescribed for it, the editor finds him- self compelled to defer this portion of the history of Charleston for the second volume of the industries of South Carolina. EMPIRE PUBLISHING COMPANY. Charleston, February, 1884. C. M. TALLMAN, Editor and Manager. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA! State Military Academy. Our country on every sea, in all lands, everywhere that the light of civili- zation has penetrated, is honored and respected, is acknowledged and recog- nized as one of the great powers of the earth. In the great constellation of nations our rights are universally regarded, our friendly relations appreciated, and courted. The terrible ordeal through which our ancestors passed to win the noble heritage that we now enjoy, endured privations and suffering, performed services and ma de sac rifices, that have no parallel in history, and that would have appalled any but those who had fled from oppression, and braved the hardships of the wilderness for the blessings of civil and religious liberty. De- spoiled of their possessions from time to time by the Indians, their crops de- stroyed, and their lives constantly endangered and frequently taken, (they re- garded the white man as their natural foe,) the colonists, by their earnest, arduous labors, their untiring toil, from which they took no remission or respite, except to prevent the spoliation and protect their lives from their re- lentless and savage enemies, met with such a degree of success in the develop- ment of this new land, as to excite the cupidity of the Britons. When poor and feeble, they had been neglected by the mother country, and now that by their undaunted courage and indomitable energy and perseverance, they had conquered adversity, and had become moderately successful and measurably progressive, the aggressions of the mother country, were no more equable and equally intolerable, as the depredations of their savage foe, the natives of the soil. She sought to increase her revenues by taxing them. They were not at a loss to find a pretext. Heavy expenses, it was asserted, had been incurred by the home government for the protection of the colonies in the French and Indian war ; and these, it was claimed, should be reimbursed. Having no voice in the selection of their governors, they being sent to them from Britain, P33460 10 City of Charleston. having no representative in Parliament, nothing to say as to what the tax should he levied on, or how or for what disbursed, the colonists declared that Parliament had no right to tax them ; that taxation without representation was unjust and intolerable. In 1765 the odious Stamp Act was passed. This stirred to the deepest depth, the indignation of the people, submission to it, they regarded as the death knell to liberty. The unmistakable evidence the colonists gave, on the passage of this Act by the British Parliament, that the public aggressions on their rights, by the parent country, would be resisted by force, and admonished by resolutions' drawn by Patrick Henry, asserting the rights of the colonies and denying the authority of Parliament to impose taxes upon them, and urging their adoption by the House of Burgesses of Virginia, with that impassioned eloquence for which he was so eminent, declaring, if need be, they should have recourse to arms rather than submit to injustice, that “ resistance to ty- rants is obedience to God.” Parliament deemed it wise to repeal the act. But their legislation in reference to the colonies was so uniformly and continuously iniquitous and unjust as to render endurance intolerable, submission humili- ating and degrading, subversive of, and inconsistent with a decent self-respect. War ensued. The British directed their first active operations in 1776 against the South. On the 4th of June, Admiral Parker appeared off Charleston, with a fleet from England, of 2,500 troops, of which General Clinton was commander. The people of Charleston resisted. A fort of palmetto wood and earth, hastily erected on Sullivan’s Island, defended by twenty-six cannon, and five hundred brave men, under Colonel Moultrie, defended the channel. Another fort, on the opposite side of the island, was held by Colonel Thompson. On the 28th of June, the British commenced a heavy cannonade on Fort Sullivan (after- terward and since called Moultrie, in honor of its gallant defender). The wood of which it was built was so soft, that in- stead of splitting, it closed over the balls that struck, without receiving any inju- ry. Many heroic deeds, that will live in history, were per- formed that day. The first Republican flag unfurled in the South, waved over the Palmetto Fort. Early in the action, it was cut down by a cannon ball, and fell upon the beach. Serg’t Jasper leaped FORT MOULTRIE. OV61' the pallet, TC- covered the flag, fastened it to a staff, and again set it up, amid a storm of balls from the British fleet. State of South Carolina. Governor Rutledge rewarded the hero by presenting him his own sword, and a lieu- tenant’s commission. The former he accept- ed, but modestly declined the latter, saying that, since he could neither read nor write, he was not fit to be an officer. On the battery in Charleston, facing in an eastern- ly direction toward Fort Moultrie, is a fine- ly executed life-size bronze statue, with his sword suspended from the belt, mounted on a high and massive granite pedestal, bear- ing among other appropriate inscriptions, the names of the officers of his command. The writer, believing that no more graphic, interesting, and authentic sum- mary of the part that South Carolina, took in the war of the Revolution could be given, than that which fell from the lips of R. Y. Hayne, one of the most gifted of her sons, and one of the most masterly debaters, most able legislators, most patriotic citizens, and renowned statesmen, not only of his State and time, but of our common country, quotes his words : •“ What was the conduct “of the South during the Revolution? Thev „ r espoused the quarrel of then biethren under auspices of Palmetto Guard, on “ with generous zeal, which did not suffer the centennial of the gallant defence “ them to stop to calculate their interest in 0F Fort Moultrie, 28th June, 1776 . “the dispute. Favorites of the mother country, possessed of neither ships or “ seamen to create commercial rival ships, they might have found in their situ- “ ation a guaranty that their trade would be forever fostered and protected by “ Great Britain, but, trampling on all considerations, either of interest or “ of safety, they rushed into the conflict, and, fighting for principle, periled “ all in the sacred cause of freedom. If there be one State in the Union that “ may challenge any other for a uniform, zealous, and uncalculating devotion “ to the Union, that State is South Carolina. From the commencement of the “ Revolution up to this hour there is no sacrifice, however great, she has not “ cheerfully made, no service she has ever hesitated to perform. She has “ adhered to you in your prosperity, but in your adversity she has clung to “ you with more than filial affection. No matter what was the condition of “ her domestic affairs, though deprived of her resources, divided by parties, “ or surrounded by difficulties, the call of the country has been to her as the .“voice of God. Domestic discord ceased at the sou-nd, every man became at “ once reconciled to his brethren, and the sons of Carolina, were all seen “ crowding together to the temple, bringing their gifts to the altar of their “ common country. Never was there exhibited in the history of the world, “ higher examples of noble daring, dreadful suffering, and heroic endurance “ than by the Carolinians during the Revolution. The whole State, from the “mountain to the sea, was overrun by an overwhelming force of the enemy; “ the fruits of industry perished on the spot where they were produced or “ were consumed by the foe ; the plains of Carolina drank up the most pre- “ cious blood of her citizens ; black and smoking ruins marked the habita- “ tions of her children. Driven from their homes into the gloomy and almost 11 12 City of Charleston. “ impenetrable swamps, even there the spirit of liberty survived, and South “ Carolina, sustained by the example of her Sumter’s, her Moultries, her Rut- “ ledges, her Marions, her Pinckney’s, her Laurenses, proved by her conduct “that, though her soil might be overrun, the spirit of her people was “ invincible.” In 1663 Charles II, King of England, granted a charter to a company of nobles of England, and under their auspices the first successful settlement was made at the same Port Royal where the French had failed. In 1680 the foundation of the present city of Charleston was laid. Thenceforth the popu- lation increased steadily, but slowly on account of the dangerous proximity of the Indians and the many difficulties which first settlers had to encounter. South Carolina is one of the thirteen original States which first formed the great American Union. Her sons fought valiantly in the great struggle for liberty, and since the successful issue of that long and heroic struggle for national independence, she has had occasion to be justly proud of her states- men and public benefactors. In the interval between her settlement and 1808 “ she had furnished to the United States two Presidents of the Revolu- tionary Congress, a Chief Justice and an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, six diplomatic characters, a Comptroller and Treasurer, three general officers for the Revolutionary army, a Major General for the army of 1798, and a Brigadier General for the army of 1808, and years later than this last date, two of her most renowned sons, whose names (Jackson and Calhoun) will be imperishable, filled the offices of President and Vice President. In the way of literature and belles letters, she has furnished a renowned poet in W. Gilmore Simms, and in the medical profession she has furnished the most eminent surgeon and distinguished physician of his day, J. Marion Simms. With the exception of Virginia, no State in the Union has obtained a greater or even an equal proportion of national honors. This was in some degree the consequence of the attention paid by the earlier settlers of Carolina to the liberal education of her children.” [From a paper read by Mr. Edward McCrady, Jr., before the Historical Sooiety of South Carolina, August 6tli, 1883. She was the first to establish free schools for the education of her people — the first to build a railroad — the first to introduce the culture of cotton and rice in this country. Rice was first raised in 1696, from seed sent from Mada- gascar to Archdale, the then Governor of the Province. In 1698, it was first exported, sixteen casks being sent to England. In 1702, both cotton and silk were produced in South Carolina. She is one of the oldest States in the Union, and has eveiy element of civilization developed. Numerous towns dot her surface, and religious instruction, education and enlightened intercourse are everywhere accessible. No country in the world excells her in natural resources, and in the near future no State in the American Union will be able to exc-ell her, if they are properly developed. “ The State resembles, in shape an isociles-triangle, the equal sides being on the north the boundary line of North Carolina, and on the south and west, the Savannah River, separating it from Georgia. The apex of the triangle rests upon the summits of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The base, sweeping with a gentle S shaped curve from the southwest to the -northeast, forms part of the Atlantic shore line of North America. This line is parallel, or nearly so, with about one-half the coast lines of the continents of the earth, as witness the northwest coast lines of America, Europe and Africa, and the southeast coast lines of South America, Africa, and Asia.” In a southeasterly course the four great rivers with their numerous tributaries that drain and irrigate South Carolina, make their way from the mountains to the sea. Before State of South Carolina. 1 O lo leaving the crystaline rocks — the front . that marks their lower falls, and the head of steam navigation — the rivers have received the rapid currents of nearly all their affluents. Thereafter their stately flow proceed more slowly, passing the great inland swamps of the low country. South Carolina is highly favored with regard to climate, its moderate and uniform temperature being most effective in promotion of health and the realization of remunerative husbandry ; indeed so mild and temperate is it that -there is not- only a con- tinued and uninterrupted succession of crops, but the produce of almost every section and clime of the earth will thrive here. It is neither so hot or so cold in these fortunate regions, as it is in the North and West ; and they can there- fore grow the cotton, rice, tobacco, even tea of the Southern plantation, with the wheat, rye, oats, barley, and every other product of the most northerly farm. Whilst in the North and West the ground is covered for months with deep snows, and rain and sleet are followed by intense frosts — killing very often the seed in the ground — in this State there is hardly a need to house the live stock, except perhaps for a few inclement days, to give them a night shelter. In October and November the grain seeds are put into the ground ; in March and April corn and cotton are planted ; in May and June the grain harvest is gathered ; and in September the cotton picking commences, and the corn is ripe. There is a happy distribution of the seasons, and not one day in the year is the farmer prevented from some useful employment, legitimate upon his calling. The soil of this State is rich in mineral wealth, iron, gold, lead, magnese, bismuth, plumbago, soapstone, coal, black lead ; there is also found granite of the finest grain and uniform appearance, equal to gray mar- ble, limestone, the Burrstone and flagstone. Materials for pottery, porcelain, clay and cutnaceous quartz, and pure sahd for glass, are found in many sec- tions of the State. The superiority of South Carolina over almost every other State in the Union as an agricultural country consists in this, that while she can grow the great staples of cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar with profit, her climate and soil are equally adapted to produce every grain and fruit of the northernmost clime, and her water power is so available, and universally distributed that mills and factories may be established every few miles without difficulty, to work up her produce on the spot, and monopolize every resource for her economical prosperity. The productions of this State are cotton, the long and short staple, rice, both swamp and upland, tobacco, indigo, sugar, wheat, rye, corn, oats, mil- lets, buckwheat, beans, peas, broom corn, guinea corn, sweet and Irish pota- toes, hemp, flax and hops grow luxuriantly. The fruit products are apples, pears, plums, quinces, peaches, apricots, nectarines, cherries, oranges, lemons, olives, figs, pomegranates and the American date. The berries are : the mul- berry, raspberry; strawberry, blackberry, sparkleberry, and elderberry. The nuts grown here the walnut, pecan nut, chestnut, hickory nut, hazel nut and chincjuepin. The grape grows luxuriantly in every portion of the State. In the woods and swamps enormous vines are found, extending to the topmost branches of the tallest forest trees. Around Aiken about seven hundred acres are now planted in grapes, and the quantity increases annually. The silk worm thrives well. The tea plant is successfully cultivated. In the line of garden products almost anything that can be raised in any garden in the world can be grown in nearly every part of this State. In the way of flowers, here can be found whatever the earth will yield in beauty and fragrance. The comparatively recent discovery of the immense and inexhaustible Phosphate Beds in the vicinity of Ashley River, has given rise to a number of 14 City of Charleston. manufacturing companies, who, by m.eans of machinery devised for that pur- pose, are, by manipulation of this natural soil (possessed of great fructifying qualities), converting the same into a portable commodity, which has become an extensive article of merchandise, shipped by rail and water throughout not only the Southern States, but is extensively exported from the harbor of /Charleston to England and most of the European countries. Many wealthy companies are engaged in the manufacture of these phosphate soils into the various grades of fertilizers, their great utility having been demonstrated by experiment, their value is becoming universally appreciated, and the demand for them has become so great, that it. is a formidable rival in a commercial and monetary point of view, to that product (cotton) which lias hitherto been con- sidered tire great staple of the South. The people of this State, are beginning to realize the great natural facil- ities they enjoy for the conversion of cotton and other cultivated products, and of the spontaneous yield of the rich mineral wealth from nature’s laboratory, into articles of practical use, in the localities where they grow. There are abundant water supplies, acres of wood land, and a great abun- dance of laborers, available for the manufacture of their cotton into yarn, thread, cloth and garments, for the conversion of their extensive beds of ore into iron, out of which to manufacture their own machinery ; here may be found clay for stoneware and pottery, fine kaolin for porcelain, and silica for glass in many sections of the State; there are the fine-grained woods in the forests for all branches of cabinet-making and wood- work of all kinds; and there is an excellent and ever-ready market for all its products. The port of Charleston is connected by a system of railroads with all parts of the State and the Avhole country; the harbor* is safe and capacious, and is visited by vessels from all parts of the world. There is also the port of Georgetown, and the magnificent Port Royal, situated in a rich and fertile region, enjoying a pleasant and salubrious climate, with a depth of water sufficient for the largest vessels that sail on the oceans. These great natural advantages, have induced many of its public-spirited citizens, progressive and enterprising in disposition, possessed of business tact and sagacity, capable of conceiving and carrying into prosecution large undertakings, to build factories and mills (adapting the admonition so faithfully and earnestly advocated by the editor of the News and Courier in the columns of this paper, recognized as the powerful organ of the State, for the advancing of Southern interests), and have within a few years built within the State twenty-six cotton mills. Before the war, the State relied for her prosperity exclusively upon the rich results of her agricultural pursuits. The aggregate steam horse power used in these mills is one thousand eight hundred and five. The water power five thousand six hundred and fifteen. The whole number of looms employed are four thousand one hundred and twenty, of spindles, one hundred and eighty thousand seven hundred and twenty-one ; the total capital $4,547,000. Number of hands employed, four’ thousand two hundred and sixty-two. The amount of wages paid per annum is $728,900. The cotton consumed annually in their manufacture amounts to 29,946,269 pounds. The other supplies used in the mills will, in money value, amount to $74,345; the total of these tw r o items, $1,716,351. The mar- ket value of the products of these mills is $3,047,033, the number of yards of cloth reaches forty-three million five hundred and thirty-seven thousand eight hundred and sixty-four. The aggregate number of pounds of yarn turned out is eight million thirty-two thousand nine hundred and seventy-five. State of South Carolina. 15 To the Confederate Dead. Erected in Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, S. C. Sculptured by Bartholdi. South Carolina, claiming her original sovereignty, entered at the head of the Southern States in the recent armed protest against the predominance and sectional legislation of the Northeast. The fortunes of war decided against her. She has accepted the result in good faith, and no State in the Union is truer or more faithful to her pledges. Her system of African slavery (originally forced upon her, and repugnant to the moral and religious sentiment of the world) abolished, by which her opulent planters were enabled to do without every other branch of industry, but that of cultivating the soil. As a general thing, their whole attention being given to the raising of the great staple of of commerce, often even their bread and meat were imported from other parts of the world. Their tools and implements were imported from the North or from Europe. Thus slavery, which enriched the people by the means of the great profits of their staple produce, in reality impoverished them by their dependence upon others, and by preventing that universal and close industry which enables a community to create within itself all that is requisite to the necessities, comforts and luxuries of life — exemplified in blockade of ports in the late war. 16 City of Charleston. Instead of repining and sorrowing over the lost comforts and riches of the past, the citizens of South Carolina are boldly and manfully meeting and grappling the necessities of the present. The courage and fortitude with which they have met all the vicissitudes, political and social, the patience with which they have endured the terrible revulsions and disasters that have occurred since the war, are harbingers of better days. South Carolina, is divided into thirty-four counties. Columbia is its cap- ital, has a population of twelve thousand — this and Charleston are the two principal cities of the State. Charleston has a population of about sixty thousand. The State has a university in Columbia ; two colleges and a high school in Charleston; a military institute in Charleston ; a university at Green- ville ; Erskine college in Abbeville District ; a Lutheran college at Newberry; the Wofford college at Spartanburg; an institution for the deaf, dumb and blind, at Columbia; a lunatic asylum at Columbia; and a large number of academies, seminaries, and schools in various other localities. The first system of free schools in America, as mentioned in a preceding part of this history, was instituted in the State of South Carolina, and is now in existence, so that every child, whose parents cannot afford to pay, can have a free education. Every district, is entitled to a portion of the State appropriation for the support of free schools, according to its population and taxes. There is a perfect net- work of railroads running through the State. The Charleston and Savannah Railway connects with all the principal Southern cities. The South Carolina runs up to Columbia, and by a branch to Augusta, from thence forming a chain of connections with the Western States. The Greenville and Columbia Railroad, by its main line, and several branches, reaches every western and northwestern section of the State, and by its connection with the Blue Ridge Railroad, will in a few years unite with Cincinnati, Ohio. The Columbia and Charlotte Railroad traverses the northern section of the State, and by the Danville Railroad terminates in Richmond, Virginia. The North Eastern Railroad, connects with the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railroad, and is one of the lines of travel from Charleston to New York, and a number of other smaller railroads, linking this State with every main avenue of business and travel on this continent. It has two of the finest seaports on the Atlantic coast, with a depth of water sufficient to admit the entrance of steamships, and carrying vessels of the heaviest tonnage, with spacious harbors and unsur- passed facilities, for the receipt and discharge of freight. The Government of South Carolina, is divided into three departments — executive, legislative and judicial. The executive department, consists of a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, a Lieutenant-Governor, who is ex-officio President of the Senate, a Secretary of State, Treasurer of the State, Comp- troller-General, and Attorney-General. The Governor and Lieutenant-Gov- ernor are elected by the people for a term of two years. The other officers are elected by the joint ballot of the Senate and House of Representatives. The legislative department consists of a Senate and Blouse of Representatives, the members of which are elected every two years by the people. The judicial power is vested in a Chief Justice, Associate Justices, Chancellors, Judges of Probate, Judges of District Courts, and Magistrates. These are elected by the General Assembly. Foreigners, who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, are, after two years residence in the State, admitted to the elec- tive franchise, and have equal rights and immunities with the citizens of native birth. Columbia is the seat of Government. State of South Carolina. 17 State Officers, elected November 5th, 1882, for two years. CHIEF EXECUTIVE, Governor, Hugh S. Thompson. Lieutenant-Governor, John C. Sheppard. DEPARTMENT OFFICERS. Adjutant and Inspector-General, A. M. Manigault. Attorney-General, Ch. Richardson Miles. Comptroller, W. E. Stoney. Secretary of State, James S. Lipscomb. Superintendent of Education, Asbury Coward. Treasurer, John P. Richardson. UNITED STATES SENATORS, M. C. Butler and Wade Hampton. CONGRESSMEN, 1st District, Samuel Dibble; 2d, George Tillman; 3d, D. Wyatt 4th, John H. Evins ; 5th, John J. Hemphill; 6th, George W. Dargan ;' W. M. Mackey, recently deceased. SENATE. President, ex officio, Hon. John C. Sheppard. Clerk, T. Stobo Fa Abbeville, J. C. Maxwell. Aiken. D. S. Henderson. Anderson, John H. Moore. Barnwell, G. B. Lartigue. Berkeley, Robert Simmons. Beaufort, Hamilton Robinson. Charleston, Augustine T. Smythe, Geo. Lamb Buist. Chester, G. J. Patterson. Chesterfield, D. T. Redfearn. Clarendon, H. L. Benbow. Colleton, M. P. Howell. Darlington, IV. C. Coker. Edgefield, James Callison. Fairfield, H. A. Gaillard. Georgetown, Bruce H. Williams. Greenville, W. H. Perry. Hampton, J. W. Moore. rrow. Horry, Thomas W. Beatty. Kershaw, W, Z. Leitner. Lancaster, T. F. Clyburn. Laurens, J. W. Ferguson. Lexington, Gerhard Muller. Marion, W. W. Harllee. ■ Marlboro, C. S. McCall. Newberry, Thomas C. Brown. Oconee, J. L. Shanklin. Orangeburg, James F. Izlar. Pickens, W. T. Field. Richland, William Wallace. Spartanburg, T. J. Moore. Sumter, Joseph IT. Earle. Union, William Muni. Williamsburg, S. D. M. Byrd. York, James F. Hart. Aiken 7th, E 18 City of Charleston. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Speaker, Hon. James Simons, of Charleston. Clerk, John T. Sloan. Abbeville — James S. McGee, W P Wideman, P. H. Bradley, W. H. Parker, F. F. Gary. Aiken — John M. Bell, George W. (Toft, F. P. Woodward, Thomas J. Davies. Anderson — E. B Murray, Id. G. Scuddy, H. R. Vandiver, R. P. Clinkscales. Barnwell — W. W. Smith, M. F. Molony, Id. J. Kearse, G. W. M. Williams, G. D. Bellinger. Berkeley — W. G. Pinckney, James Singleton, Andrew Singleton, W. W. Beckett, Cain Raven el. Beaufort — Hastings Gantt, L. S. Mills, Jos. Robinson. Charleston — C. II. Simonton, James Simons, W. H. Brawley, C. A. McHugh, John F. Ficken, Charles Inglesby, A. H. DuPre, Edward McCrady, John Gon- zales, M. F. Kennedy, J. Francis Britton, George M. Mears. Chester — James F. Barber, W. S. Hall, R. T. Mockbee. Chesterfield — C. W. AVelsh, W. W. Spencer. Clarendon — W. T. Lesesne, R. R. Gibson. Colleton — C. P. Chisolm, T. 0. McAlhaney, Id. D. Padgett, J. W. Perry, J. R. P. Fox. Darlington — W. A. Brunson, Id. J. Lee, H. L. Morris, E. R. Mclver. Edgefield — W. J. Talbert, Clinton Ward, W. Id. Timmerman, C. W. Ivinard, G. W. Turner. Fairfield — Idayne McMeekin, A. S. Douglas, George H. McMaster. Georgetown — Walter Hazard, William J. Moultrie. Greenville — M. F. Ansel, W. L. Mauldin, W. Id. McKelvay, J. J. Mackey. Hampton — John T. Morrison, Henry M. Ulmer, C. J. C. Hutson. Horry — Jeremiah Smith, P. A. Parker. Kershaw — E. Miller Boykin, L. L. Clyburn. Lancaster — L. J. Perry, R. E. Allison. Laurens — John C. Davis, Thomas B. Crews, W. A. Shands. Lexington — W. T. Bookter, Edward F. Sinsler. Marion — W. J. Montgomery, B. F. Davis. J. F. Pearce, J. W. Smith. Marlboro — Knox Livingston, John B. McLaurin. Newberry — William D. Hardy, Jefferson A. Sligh, George Johnstone. Oconee — W. J. Stribling, Robert E. Mason. Orangeburg — Jacob W. Summers, Richard V. Dannelly, R. Benson Tar- rant, Ira T. Shoemaker, B. G. Frederick. Pickens — W. Q. Berry, J. E. Boggs. Richland — Samuel G. Henry, John C. Haskell, C. 0. Marshall, Richard Singleton, Thomas Taylor. Spartanburg — E. Id. Bobo, J. A. Corry, H. L. Farley, J. B. 0. Landrum. Sumter — Id. D. Lee, PI. E. L. Peebles, F. J. Mayes, D. E. Keels. Union — C. C. Culp, I. G. McKissick, J. R. Minter. Williamsburg — R. Id. Kimball, W. S. Camblin, William Cooper. York — W. B. Wilson, B. Id. Massey, George L. Riddle, J. C. Witherspoon. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. The State is divided into eight Judicial Circuits or Districts. Each Cir- cuit has a Circuit Judge and a Circuit Solicitor. State of South Carolina. 19 Counties Comprising the Judicial Circuits. Circuit Judges and Residences. Circuit Solicitors and Residences. | Charleston, 1 < Berkeley, |_ Orangeburg, R. C. Pressley, Summerville. W. St. J. Jervey, Charleston. "Aiken, Barnwell, 2 •{ Beaufort, Colleton, ^ Hampton, A. P. Aldrich, Barnwell. F. Hay Gantt, Barnwell. 3 < Sumter, Clarendon, Willliamsburg, Georgetown, 4 "Chesterfield, Marlboro, -< Darlington, Marion, .Horry, ("Richland, r j Kershaw, ° j Edgefield, (^Lexington, f Chester, Q Lancaster, 6 York, Fairfield, ("Newberry, J Laurens, j Spartanburg, Union, T. B. Fraser, Sumter. J. H. Hudson, Bennettsville. J. B. Kershaw, Camden. J. D. Witherspoon, Yorkville. W. H. Wallace, Unionville. John J. Dargan, Sumter. G. IV. Dargan, Darlington. R. G. Bonham, Edgefield. T. C. Gaston. Chester. D. R. Duncan, Spartanburg. 8 "Abbeville, Anderson,. Oconee, Pickens, Greenville, J. S. Cothran, Abbeville. James L. Orr, Greenville. COUNTIES OFFIOEES. 20 City of Charleston. 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P .,J>ppO-- M *Pt>> . o G . o >> t- G 0 0 o <1^ • G • G ^GPhG • 0.0 < P C 0 p be , o o — ^ pc; ^ 3> ! ft Q 0 S G G O • bC-fti p S S G • P G ® ai ci-Gd h oJ 3 Jo® ftcqQd^o . • G '“" 1 H )- pop p p p O G G ftX 3 p H G O o 0 £ P o p ^ CO ft§^ PPG p 2 3 G . G ~ ^ 0 Jpo P -*— * b*-*_g ^P O r-t P o d< 0 02 ft, P-pig ^2 025-2 G G P 5- G ft »5 d £* 3 _-o ft U o ft -g ■> 5 .s» 3 MBO 0 CD-’S 2 3 s P - 3 3 ft ,2 6t q ft >ift os cd q o ft ft ® so g ft 3 ^ 3 .2 k ft 2/'S ^ 6) S r CO o s I -- r-, -r c q Sft t: a Oft-6 ft bep oogg^cJg^gG^OcsPogg’Gp^ GP G 02 G G 0u22 ^ 02 ft P •— G 2 , C ^ r -" r - rkrtHM y ftftftd^^OOPMxxd^In G - P State of South Carolina. 21 The census returns of 1880 shows the agricultural region of So. Ca. com- prises 33,893 acres, that the white population numbers 391,071, the colored 604,235 — total 995,306. The number of farms 93,864, the number of acres of tilled land 3,794,560, that the number of acres planted in cotton are 1,347,- 381 ; that the number of bales of cotton raised therefrom were 516,490. That' the bushels of grain raised were 17,010,593 that the various kinds of work stock numbered 153,196 ; that other live stock amounted to 1,265,166. The average size of farms in 1880 in So. Ca. were 143 acres, their aggregate value $68,677,482; value of farming implements $3,202,710; value of live stock $12,- 279,412 ; number of horses 60,660; of mules and asses 67,005 ; of working, oxen 24,507 ; number of milch cows 139,881 ; other cattle 199,321 ; sheep lis,889; swine 628,198 ; number of pounds of butter made 3,196,851. The table on the following page shows the population of South Carolina for each census from 1790 to 1880. Census Year. Total Population. White. Colored. 1790 ... 249,073 140,178 108,805 1800 ... 345,591 196,255 149,336 3810 415,115 214,196 200,919 1820 502,741 237,440 265,301 1830 581,185 257,863 323,322 1840 594,398 259,084 335.314 1850 668,507 274,563 393,944 1860 ..... 703,708 291,300 412,320 1870 705,706 289,667 416,834 1880 995,577 391,105 604,332 The first settlements took place along the seacoast, thence moving inland they followed the rivers. There are fourteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-one more females, than males in So. Ca., something over three per cent., indicating a peaceful and settled mode of life, and the prevalence of such oc- cupations as furnish employment to females. The Western and newer States, where the conditions of life are harder and the occupations require more ro- bust natures, the ratio of females to males is less. The manufacturing industries in South Carolina in 1882 were : Cotton manufactures, 26 ; capital, $4,084,000 ; hands, 4,467 ; wages, $942,700 ; mate- rials, $5,219,564; products, $8,147,126. Cotton gins, 2,800; capital, $3,000,000;. hands, 3,000; wages, $319,770; materials, $30<»,000; products, $3,228,062. Cotton Seed Oil Mills, 3 ; capital, $120,000; hands, 50; wages, $5,000;. materials, <$80,000; products, $193,200. Fertilizers, 11; capital, $1,511,000; hands, 537 ; wages, $195,387; mate- rials, $1,567,833; products, $2,230,000. Flouring and Grist Mill products, 720 ; capital, $1330,269; hands, 1,052;. wages, $139,352; materials, $3,265,485; products, $3,779,470. Foundry and Machine Shop products, 18; capital, $179,850 ; hands, 314; wages, $90,449; materials, $137,389;' products, $289,502. Lumber, Sawed, 420 ; capital, $1,056,265; hands, 1,468; wages, $221,963; materials, $1,237,361 ; products, $2,031,507. Paper Mills, 2; capital, $120,000; hands, 110; wages, $20,000; materials, $85,000 ; products, $133,000. 2 22 City of Charleston. Ti'inting and Publishing, 14; capital, $132,700; hands, 242; wages, $115,- 947 ; materials, $89,450; products, $299,520. Tar and Turpentine, 192 ; capital, $565,200 ; hands, 4,619; wages, $555,- 460; materials, $666,179; products, $1,893,206. All other industries, 672; capital, $1,663,120; hands, 3,356; wages, $755,694; materials, $1,384,170; products, $2,857,981. Total number of establishments, 4,878; capital, $13,771,404; total' num- ber of hands, 19,215 ; total amount of wages, $3,361,725 ; total value of mate- rials, $14,032,531 ; total amount of products, $25,062,574. Next with one exception, South Carolina was the heaviest sufferer by the war, her assessed property shrinking from $480,000,000 in I860 to $183,000,000 in 1870, while the true shrinkage was from about $550,000,000 to a little over a hundred million ; more than half her territory was ravaged by hostile armies. After the surrender came two years of political chaos, and eight of rapacious robbery. The following is a list of the Governors of South Carolina during and from the Revolution down to the present time: John Rutledge Rawlins Lowndes. 1778 John Rutledge. 1783 Benjamim Guerard. 1785 Wm. Moultrie. 1787 Thomas Pinckney. 1789 Charles Pinckney. 1791 1793 A. Vanderhorst. 1795 Wm. Moultrie. 1798 Edw. Rutledge. 1800 John Drayton. 1802 James B. Richardson. 1804 Paul Hamilton. 1806 Charles Pinckney. 1S08 John Drayton. 1810 Henry Middleton. 1812 Joseph Alston. 1814 David R. Williams. 1816 Andrew Pickens. 1818 John Geddes. 1S20 Thomas Bennett. 1822 John L. Wilson. 1824 Richard S. Manning. 1826 John Taylor. 1828 S. D. Miller. 1830 James Hamilton, Jr. 1832 R. Y. Hayne. 1834 Geoi’ge McDuffie. 1836 P. M. Butler. 1838 Patrick Noble. 1839 B. K. Hennegan. 1840 John P. Richardson. 1842 James Hammond. 1844 William Aiken. 1846 Daniel Johnson. 1848 W. B. Seabrook. 1850 John H. Means. 1852 John C. Manning. 1854 James IT. Adams. 1856 R, F. W. Alston. 1858 William H. Gist. 1860 F. W. Pinckney. 1862 A. T. MacGrath. v 1865 B. F. Perry, appointed 1865 James L. Orr. 1868 R. K. Scott. 1870 “ “ “ 1872 F. -J. Moses, Jr, 1874 D. H. Chamberlain. 1876 Wade Hampton. 1878 W. D. Simpson. 1880 J. J. Hagood. 1082 Hugh S. Thompson. The United States Senators from South Carolina are M. C. Butler and Wade Hampton. Both did gallant service in behalf of the Southern cause in the war between the States, the latter was Governor of South Carolina, both have held many public elective and appointive positions, all of which they have graced and adorned, reflecting honor and dignity upon, rather than deriving any from, their incumbency of these high public trusts. By years of faithful and most effective services in behalf of their native State, both in the field of State of South Carolina. 23 National and State politics, and by reason of their patriotic sendee in the 'field of battle in behalf of that cause so dear to the Southern heart, they are honored and respected, looked up to and trusted, and confided in by the citizens of South Carolina, to protect, look after and care for, the interests and welfare of the Palmetto State in the halls of our National Legislature. The Editor will give a personal sketch of these honorable gentlemen, when writing up the his- tory of the State and Government Officers, which will form a subsequent part or volume of this work. 24 City of Charleston. CHARLESTON, S. C. The City of Charleston received its name from Charles the II. of England, who made extensive grants of land to certain English Lords, who were styled Lord Proprietors. It is built upon a peninsula, formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, and has an average elevation of eight or ten feet above high tide. The original settlement was about three miles above the present site, on the western bank of the Ashley River; but in 1677, many of the early settlers removed to the present site of the city, naming their settlement Oyster Point Town. In 1680, it was named New Charles Town, and was made the seat of government of the colony. In 1682 it was declared a port of entry, and in 1685 a Collector was appointed. In 1783, it was incorporated as a city, the name being abbreviated to that of Charleston. Charleston County lies entirely along the coast, and besides the city of Charleston, has two small towns. Moultrieville, on Sullivan’s Island, is five miles across the bay from Charleston, and is connected with it by a steam ferry. It is a pleasure and health resort for Charlestonians and the people of the upper country, who resort here in summer, to enjoy the sea air, and bathing, its fine beach affords. It contains many handsome cottages, and some fine drives. It derives its name from Fort Moultrie, which beat off the British fleet of Sir Peter Parker on June 28th, 1776, and which, with Fort Sumter, a mile distant across the north channel, guards the entrance to the port. It has six stores. McClellansville has ten stores, and is some thirty miles to the northeast. The City of Charleston is three miles long, and varies in width from half a mile to two miles. It possesses one of the most advantageous locations as a shipping port in the United States ; its safe and spacious harbor, forty feet deep at the city, and three miles wide, opens to the sea at a point about six miles to the northeast. “The history of Charleston, for the nineteen years which have passed since the war, is simply that of a people struggling against difficulties and overcoming them one by one, until now we see a large part of the waste places built up, trade and commerce re-established, the old industries resumed, and some new ones introduced ; so that it is evident to the most superficial ob- server, that but a few years more are needed to restore the city to its former prosperity, and this opinion will be confirmed by an examination of the vari- ous branches of industry.” The amount of the trade of Charleston for the commercial year, ending August 31st, 1882, including the value of staple products received, and the value of local manufactures, and of the wholesale and retail trade of the city is as follows ; as shown by accurately compiled statistics : State of South Carolina. 25 Quantity. Value. Cotton, upland, bales Cotton, sea island, bags Rice, tierces Naval Stores, spirits, casks Naval Stores, rosin, bbls Phosphate Rock, crude, tons Lumber, feet Manufactures, excluding fertilizers . . . Fertilizers Cotton Goods, domestic, bales Fruits, vegetables Wholesale, and retail trade .... 486,423 .... 43.642 .... 65,000 .... 256,000 .... 146,496 . . . 45,000,00 .... 2,500 $24,000,000 1,600,000 1,571,112 1.040.000 625,000 887,224 4.500.000 5,554,568 2.562.000 1.500.000 1,000,000 30,000,000 . . $74,839,904 MARKET HALL FACING ON MEETING STREET.— LARGEST MARKET IN THE SOUTH. The following table giving the aggregate value of the foreign imports and exports for the past five years, shows the gradual increase in the foreign trade of the city : Year ending Exports. Imports. August 31, 1878 * ■ ■ $17,619,448 August 31, 1879 19,630,397 August 31, 1880 19,734,620 August 31, 1881 26,646,074 August 31, 1882 19,617,480 $122,769 131,185 200,677 460,289 586,800 26 City of Charleston. An active interest, has manifested itself within the last few years, in manu- facturing industries, the number of industries are steadily increasing, and the capital employed is being constantly augmented. There was in Charleston in 1882, one hundred and thirty-six manufacturing industries, employing 4,356 hands, using $5,215,600 capital, and turning out an annual product valued at $8,146,568. The following are the manufactures of Charleston : Industries. Number Establishments. [ Hands employed. Capital Stock, or Capital empl’d. II V alue of annual Product. Bagging 1 250 $ 245,000 $ 400,000 Fertilizers 11 920 2,386,000 2,562,000 Rice Mills 4 225 450,000 1,292,500 Iron Works 17 450 390,000 750,000 Building Materials, Wood and Saw Mills, 8 380 260,000 660,000 Ship Building 4 125 20,000 190,000 Candy Factories 4 55 8,000 70,000 Beer Breweries 1 25 50,000 80,000 Job Printing, Newspapers, &c 14 215 240,000 290,000 Carriages and Wagons 8 65 30,000 75,000 Flour, Grist, &c 9 60 15,000 80,000 Concrete Piping . . ■ 2 10 12,000 50,000 Cigars . 13 100 30,000 145.000 Harness, &c. . . 11 60 45,000 60,000 Shirts and Underwear . 1 65 7,000 15,000 Marble and Granite . 5 60 25,000 80,000 Soda Water 4 130 28,000 56,000 Gas 1 50 375,000 200,000 Axle Grease 2 4 5,000 9,000 Baskets and Willow-ware 2 5 2,500 3,000 Boots and Shoes 9 26 8,000 15,000 Bakeries 13 90 36,000 200,000 Carpentering 15 475 140,000 300,000 Street Car Repairs 2 9 5,000 15,000 Men’s < 'lothing .... 6 50 60,000 70,000 Furniture . 3 9 20,000 8,900 Lock and Gunsmithing 6 7 7,500 10,568 Painting and Paper Hanging 7 50 10,000 30,000 Photographing . . 4 7 8,600 7,000 Plumbing and Gas Fitting 7 13 30,000 42,000 Saddlery and Harness 6 35 22,000 50,000 Tin, Sheet Iron, and Copper 10 42 35,000 48,000 Tobacco and Cigars 8 56 10,000 33,000 Upholstering 4 15 25,000 49,000 Watch and Clock Repairing 9 18 15,000 20,000 Miscellaneous 7 200 160,000 150,000 Total 138 4,356 $5,215,600 $8,116,568 27 State of South Carolina. The following are the annual sales of the various kinds of merchandise for the year ending August 31st, 1882 : Kinds. 1 Wholesale. Retail. Total. Groceries, Liquors and Tobacco .... §12,100,000 §3,600,000 $15,700,000 Commission Houses 2,500,000 * 2,500,000 Grain and Hay . 700,000 245,000 945,000 Dry Goods 2,520,000 1,800,000 4,320,000 Boots and Shoes 975,000 280,000 1,255,000 Fancy Goods 75,000 55,000 130,000 Hats and Caps 85,000 90,000 175,000 Drugs and Medicines 275,000 125,000 400,000 Hardware 1,325,000 200,000 1,525,000 Crockery 125,000 30,000 155,000 Paints and Oils 385,000 65,000 450,000 Clothing - 175,000 200,000 375,000 Saddlery ' . . . . . . . . 110,000 15,000 125,000 Stationery, &c. 225.000 75,000 300,000 Furniture 125,000 15,000 140,000 Beer and Soda Water 350,000 50,000 400,000 Ice 30,000 30,000 Fish and Oysters 30,000 30,000 Total . .. $22,110,000 $6,845,000 $28,955,000 “ Charleston is the only city of importance on the Atlantic coast whose- piers front the ocean, and her wharf accommodations on Cooper River, extend- ing a distance of one and a half miles, offer ample accommodations for all its shipping. For most the distance there are substantial piers, large sheds and facilities of every kind for the quick, safe and economical handling of freights. . She has wharfroom for 240 vessels of the average size, with a depth at the head of some of the wharves of 25 to 30 feet. The wharves are built mostly of palmetto logs.” There is a line of sailing vessels running between New York and this city, leaving New York every week. It was established in 1854, and has been in successful operation ever since, except during the war. They run the fol- lowing schooners the “ Wapella,” “ Mvrover,” “ Enchantress,” “ Georgetta Law- rence,” “ Thomas P. Ball,” “ Florence Shay.” The agents of the above, com- prising the merchants’ line of packets, are William Roach & Sons. There are the following steamship lines running to and from Charleston: The Clyde steam lines to New York and Philadelphia, comprising the following steam- ships sailing to New York : Delaware and Gulf Stream, leaving every Wednes- day, sailing to Philadelphia; the Equator and the Virginia, leaving every Thursday, Hon. Win. A. Courtenay is the Charleston agent; the Adger line, comprising the steamships City of Columbia, the City of Atlanta and the Charleston, make two trips weekly between Charleston and New York, James Adger & Co. agents. The Merchants and Miners’ line of steamers Charleston and Baltimore runs weekly trips. There are several other lines of steamships running vessels between Charleston and almost every city accessible by water. There are four cotton presses — the Hydraulic, the Champion, the Union, the Commercial, having a capacity of 10,000 bales to 12,000 'daily. The banking 28 City of Charleston. facilities are ample and are capable of an expansion commensurate to the re- quirements of any exigency of trade and commerce. The climate is mild and salubrious, and as far as its temperature is concerned, is as inviting and healthful a place of winter residence, as the popular and fashionable resorts of Fernandina and Jacksonville, Florida. Its system of public schools, and its facilities for a higher education are unsurj assed bjr any other city in the States. COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON. Incorporated 17S5. Opened 1791. Re-Organized October, 1829. The credit of the city stands high, and the administration of its govern- ment is in the hands of a Mayor and City Council, who enjoy to an unlimited degree the confidence of its citizens, and under whose auspices there has been made great and almost unprecedented progress in city improvements, as well in their public buildings, their parks, their public schools, as in their miles of newly repaved streets, and who, while disbursing unusually large sums of money to meet their costs, so wisely and judiciously manage the revenues of the city (as to concurrenty with the payment of these extensive improvements, so imperatively demanded,) as to steadily and very appreciably decrease the city debt. The National jetties, in process of construction, will when completed so augment the depth of water in, and near this city as to make Charleston im- measurably the finest harbor on the Atlantic coast. The history of South Carolina, and its metropolitan city are so interwoven with one another that the writer found it almost impossible to write the his- tory of the State without making very considerable incursions in that of the city, which, in material wealth, commercial and manufacturing facilities, manufacturing industries, enterprise, general and diffusive education, and high culture, forms the most considerable part of what constitutes the State, and will therefore content himself in mentioning principal buildings and ob- jects of interest in the city and, its immediate suburbs, and the names of its able and efficient officers. State of South Carolina. 29 Charleston has seventy miles of street, in the laying out of which no regard has been had to uniformity, regularity, symmetry, or any consideration indicative of taste, as far as the general topography of the city is concerned. Some are broad, straight, handsome avenues, well paved, and lined on either side with handsome structures, while others are crooked and narrow, with sidewalks scarce wide enough for two to pass abreast, abutted by houses dis- similar and irregular in their proportions, their appearance testifying to an utter absence of all consideration of architectural skill, and an utter disregard for the painter’s art or any other methods of adornment. The principal streets running North and South, are East Bay, contiguous to the wharves, lined principally by wholesale grocery, liquor and provision houses. Next street west of and parallel with this is Meeting street, occupied principally with large wholesale houses, in all the various lines of merchandise. King street, also parallel with these, is mostly devoted to the retail dry goods trade, and most of the more showy and pretentious retail establishments, in the various lines of business. There are several other streets running East and West, occupied miscellaneously with private residences and the smaller class of stores. The principal streets, crossing the above mentioned, and running from East to West, are Broad street, on which are most of the stock and real estate brokers offices, many of the larger publishing houses, all the banks of the city, with one or two exceptions, and most of the lawyers offices, with a sprinkling of some of the finest retail establishments in the various lines of merchandise. The other principal streets parallel with Broad are Queen, Market, Wentworth, etc. They are variable in width, some narrow and un- prepossessing in appearance, portions of them occupied with business houses, mostly retail, and other parts with dwelling houses, interspersed with the smaller class of retail stores. The city has many fine public buildings, the most conspicuous and note- worthy of which is the United States Custom House. It is built of white stone, has two fronts, one on East Bay and one on Market street. Has at each front an imposing portico, supported by beautiful Corinthian columns, the porticos being reached by a long flight of broad stone steps. The interior is eleborately and handsomely finished. The public buildings of the municipal government, that are archi- tecturally attractive are the Court House, situated on the northwest corner of Broad and Meeting streets, is a three-stor}^ brick building, faced ■ o as to resem- ble stone. The first floor comprises a large central hall and the rooms of the officers of the Court, The court-room and clerk’s office is on the second floor, the third contains the jury rooms. The City Hall is a new building, is impos- ing in its appearance, and beautiful in its surroundings, having a beautifully laid out park attached. It is located on the corner of Broad and Meeting streets. The Council Chamber, Mayor’s and other city officials’ offices are on the second floor. The City Court room, City Assessor’s and City Treasurer’s offices, are on the first, while the basement is occupied by the Detective force. The Post Office is situated on East Bay at head of Broad, was erected before the Revolution. The material used in the building, was brought from England, was after completion used as a custom house Here Col. Isaac Hayne, a brave American patriot, was imprisoned till led forth to his execution. The Market Hall is located on Meeting street near the centre of the Market, is a peculiar and rather attractive structure, standing on a high open basement, having a lofty portico in front, reached by a flight of steps on either side of entrance to Market street, which extends tack to the Bay. The market is the largest in the South, for cleanliness it cannot be excelled by any North, or South, and 30 City of Charleston. is plentifully supplied at all seasons of the year. Other handsome edifices of Charleston are the Chamber of Commerce, Agricultural Hall, Medical Col- lege, Military Hall, Charleston Savings Bank, Walker, Evans & Cogswell, book and stationery store and publishing house, News and Courier building, Hiber- nian Hall, South Carolina Military Academy, College of Charleston, Hampton Hall, Butler Hall, Medical College of the State of South Carolina, Charleston Female Seminary. The Battery is a lovely park laid out on the promontory formed by the junction of the Ashley river with the bay, having high sea walls, and being laid out in a fine shady lawn with shell walks and drives and interspersed with rustic wooden and iron seats. Here the most fashionable and stately facades of splendid houses, front the harbor, which gleams between the inter-knit branches of the bordering trees. The most prominent features of the Battery, from which a fine view of +he bay can be had showing in the distance Fort Moultrie, (as if rising up from this wid.e smooth expanse of water dotted with vessels bearing the commerce of this magnificent port,) is the •J asper monument and the statue to Simms, the historian, essayist and poet. ROPER HOSPITAL, COR. QUEEN AND MAZYCK STS. There are thirty-seven white and nineteen colored churches, embracing every denomination. The hotel accommodations of Charleston are excellent and ample, the principal one is the Charleston Hotel, centrally located on Meeting street. Newspapers published in Charleston are the News and Courier, 19 Broad ; established 1803, daily, tri-weekly and weekly ; Democratic, New ; and Courier Company, proprietors. Deutsche Zeitung, 63 Broad, organize l 1853, weekly and semi-weekly ; Democratic, F. Melchers & Son, proprietor ■ Southern Christian Advocate, 3 Broad ; established in 1837, weekly ; organ of S. C. Conf. M. E. Church, Rev. S. A. Weber, A. M., Editor; Walker, Evans & Cogswell, publishers. Southern Educational Montly, 3 Broad, Walker, Evans & Cog swell, publishers. Sunday News, published every Sunday, News and Courier, proprietors. The Mercury, daily. The educational institutions and schools, are the College of Charleston, South Carolina Military Academy, The Holy Communion Church Institute, Hampton Hall and Butler Hall, whose edifices were before referred to, State of South Carolina. 31 Charleston Female Seminary, The Medical College of the State of South Caro- lina. There are five public schools. There are three handsomely laid out cemeteries in the suburbs of the city, accessible b}^ the East Bay street cars, viz., the German, the Magnolia, and the Catholic. There are many elegant private residences in Charleston, the most imposing and grandest of which are those of Mr. George W. Williams, banker, on Meeting street, and of Dr. Andrew Simonds, banker. PRIVATE RESIDENCE OF ANDREW SIMONDS, ESQ. 4 South Battery. See page 93. The valuation of the real estate of the city, under the recent assessment, is placed at $15,474,687, the increase in valuation being $526,870. The follow- ing is the valuation by wards : Value. Increase. First Ward $ 2,288,030 $ 8,070 Second Ward 1,697,305 60,700 Third Ward 2,739,355 73,000 Fourth Ward 4,000,830 44,700 Fifth Ward 1,526,333 175,900 Sixth Ward 1,554,763 39,000 Seventh Ward 799,254 103,000 Eighth Ward 868,817 20,000 Total $15,474,687 $526,870 There are in Charleston the following asylums and hospitals : The Cath- olic Female Orphan Asylum, Catholic Male Orphan Asylum, Charleston Alms 32 City of Charleston. House. Charleston Orphan House, the Church Home, City Hospital, Home for Mothers, Widows and Daughters of Confederate Soldiers, House of Rest, Union Widows’ Home, Ashley River Asylum, or Old Folks’ Home, colored. . The rate of taxes for 1880 were two and one-half per cent., and for the following two years it was two and one-quarter per cent. In this period the taxable values in the city had advanced two and one-half million dollars, or nearly twelve per cent. The debt of the city of Charleston on the first day of January, 1870, was $5,241,709.77. It was increased by the issue of six per cent, stock for past due interest, $5,725 ; five per cent, stock, college and high school, $22,000 ; seven per cent, fire loan bonds, $324,000 ; four per cent, bonds issued in settle- ment of case of Fraser and Dill, $50,100; making a total of $5,643,534.77. This amount was decreased by the cancellation and retirement of fire loan bonds $ 250,100 00 Six per cent, stock 743,983 79 Five per cent, stock ' 47,600 00 Pour per cent, stock, cancelled in 1881 and 1882 . . . 372,100 00 Six per cent, stock, old issue 500 00 Leaving public debt 1st January, 1883 $4,229,250 98 Which is made up : Bonds, four per cent $3,413,300 00 Bonds, six per cent 160,500 00 Bonds, seven per cent 500;000 00 Bonds, seven per cent., fire loan 103,400 00 $4,177,200 00 Stock, six per cent 29,050 98 Stock, five per cent 23,000 00 April 24th, 1883 $4,229,250 98 The burden of this debt has been still further and greatly relieved by a reduction in the rate of interest, which a wise policy, of promptly meeting all claims at maturity, has enabled the administration just expired, in a large measure, to effect. Prior to 1880, the annual interest charges on the city debt, amounted to $314,557, being $6.41 per capita, In 1883, this charge had been reduced to $188,000, or about $3.65 per capita. If the present plan of paying at maturity, the debt bearing six and seven per cent, interest, is persisted in, the city will, at an annual outlay of $23,000, clear off the whole of this debt in eight years, and have remaining nothing but the five per ’ cent, bonds matur- ing in 1909, with an annual interest charge of only $140,000. Notwithstand- ing the disasters through which it has passed, swept as it has been by fire and sword, the credit of the city of Charleston, has once more gained the high rank it formerly held. The early settlers of Charleston obtained an abundant supply of superior water, by sinking wells twelve to fifteen feet in depth. With the growth of the city this water lost its purity, and recourse was had to cisterns supplied by rains. In 1803 Mr. Longstreet attempted to bore an artesian well, but did not succeed. In 1876, Mr. Spangler bored a well on Citadel green, to the depth of 1,970 feet, and obtained an abundant supply of water. The delivery, tested at four feet above the surface of the earth, was found to be 250 gallons a minute, State of South Carolina. 33 RUINS OF THE CATHEDRAL. or 360,000 gallons a day. It is pleasant and healthful for drinking and culi- nary purposes, it is delightful for bathing and superior even to cistern water for washing. This demonstrates the practicability, of furnishing an unlimited supply of excellent water for the city. Another well is being worked under the supervision of Mr. Spangler. In 1881 there was a substitution of a paid Fire Department, for the volun- teer service. It is under the direction of a Board of Firemasters. There are six steam fire engines, two reserve steam fire engines, and two hook and lad- der trucks, with one hundred men, and a sufficient force of officers, horses, fuel, wagons, &c. The fire alarm telegraph, has thirty miles of wire, and ninety- three signal boxes, in six separate and distinct metallic circuits, connected only through a repeater at the central office. There are fifty-three acres in Charles- ton, devoted to and divided into parks or public grounds. Since 1878, the United States government, has been engaged in extensive works for increasing the depth of the entrance into the harbor. A stone jetty from Sullivan’s Island, running southeast and seaward, and another from Mor- 34 City of Charleston. ris Island, bearing northeast and toward the first are being built. There will be an opening of 2,000 or 2,600 feet in width, at their point of convergence, and it is believed that the concentrated force of the currents and tides, will scour out and keep open, through this funnel-shaped aperture, a permanent channel twenty -six feet in depth. Foundation courses, 15,000 feet in length, for the north jetty, and 12,757 feet for the south jetty, in all 27,757 feet, have been laid, varying in width from forty three feet, to one hundred and eighteen feet, and height from two and a half feet to fourteen feet from the bottom, exclusive of spur jetties at certain points. The expenditure has been $1,045,000, and it is estimated that it will require $755,000 to complete the work. UNITED STATES POSTOFFICE. LIST OP INTENDANTS AND MAYORS OP CHARLESTON. From 1783 to 1808 the city was divided into thirteen wards, each repre- sented by a warden, elected on a general ticket in September of each year; the intendant was elected from among the wardens. Intendants. 1783, Richard Hutson ; 1784, Richard Hutson ; 1785, Col. Arnoldus Van- derhorst ; 1786, John F. Grimke ; 1788, John F. Grimke; 1797 and 8, Henry W. DeSaussure ; 1799 and 1800, Thomas Roper ; 1801, John Ward ; 1802, David Deas ; 1803, John Drayton ; 1804; Thomas Winstanley ; 1805, Chas. B. Coch- ran ; 1806 and 7, J ohn Dawson, Jr. ; 1808, William Rouse ; 1809, William Rouse, elected on general ticket ; 1810-35, city divided into four wards, and inten- dant continued to be elected. Intendant, Dr. Thomas McCalla. 1812-13, Thomas Bennett, Jr.; 1814, Thos. Rhett Smith ; 1815, T6 and T7, Elias Hor- ry; 1818 and 19, John Geddes ; 1820, D. Stevens; 1821, Elias Horry; 1822 and 3, James Hamilton, Jr. ; 1824, John Geddes; 1825, Samuel Prioleau ; 1826, Jos. Johnson ; 1827, ’28 and ’29, John Gadsden ; 1830, ’31 and ’32, Henry L Pinck- ney ; 1833, ’34 and ’35, Dr. Edw. W. North. 35 State of South Carolina. In 1836 the title of Intendant, was changed to that of Mayor, and that of Warden to that of Alderman. The number of Aldermen continued the same (twelve) till 1850, when, by extension of the city limits, the four upper wards were created, each having an alderman, sixteen in all. In 1861, wards 4, 5 and 6 each had an additional alderman, and ward 2 lost one, making the total eighteen. In 1S78 the number was increased to twenty-four, wards 2, 5, 6 and 7 each gaining one, and ward 8 two. By an Act approved 23d December, 1878, the term of office of Mayor and Alderman was extended to four years. 1836, Mayor, Robt. Y. Hayne; 1837, ’8, and ’9, H. L. Pinckney; 18 JO and ’41, Jacob F. Mintzing; 1842, ’3, 4, and ’5, John Schnierle; 1846, ’7, ’8, and ,9, T. Leger Hutchinson; 1850 and T, John Schnierle; 1852 and ’3, T. Leger Hutchinson; 1855, Wm. Porcher Miles; 1857, ’59, ’61, and ’63, Chas. Mac- beth ; 1865, P. C. 'Gail lard; 1867, election forbidden by military order; 1868, upon the expiration of the term, for which he had been elected, P. C. Gaillard, in default of an election, and by virtue of the orders of the commanding Gen- eral of the Second Military District, continued in office till 20th February, 1868, when he was succeeded by Maj. Gen. W. W. Burns, U. S. A., who was appointed by Gen. E R. S. Canby, commanding the Military District, in an .order of 19th February, 1868. Gen. Burns was relieved 9th March, 1868, by brevet Col. M. Cogswell, U. S. A., by an order of Gen. Canby of 7th March, 1868. Col. Cogs- well was succeeded by George W. Clark, 9th July, 1868, by order of Canby, of 6th July. 1868, Mayor Gilbert Pilsbury; 1871, John A. Wagener; 1873 and ’5, George I. Cunningham; 1877, W. W. Sale; 1879 and 1883, W. A. Courtenay. The citizens of Charleston are a law-abiding, orderly people, strict in the observance of the Sabbath, and seldom disgrace themselves by the occurrence of any disorderly or riotous demonstration. Their moral status is far above that of the great majority of the large seaport cities. The .white population, is remarkably homogeneous in its character, a large percentage being natives of the city or State. There is great unanimity in politics, there being, in fact, but one party, the Democratic. In education and general attainments among the masses, its standard is far above the average of large cities ; and in the higher culture, and in the broader fields of seientific and scholastic knowledge, the percentage is equal to that of any city in the Union. They are tolerant in politics and religion. They are strong in their local attachments, proud of their State and its institutions, brave and courageous in the maintenance of their rights ; and while “they revere their God, they love their fatherland.” Representative Reuses and Rreminent Men OF GHABLESTOIT, B. C. HON. W. A. COURTENAY, Mayor. The office of Chief Executive of Charleston is second, in importance on- ly to that of Governor of the State. The wise and judicious discharge of the duties of which high trust entails upon its incumbent a weight of re- sponsibility equal to that of any po- litical office filled by the elective fran- chise. He, who so acceptably to the people, and so creditably to himself, fills this high position, possesses in an eminent degree, all those qualifications (seldom compassed in one individual), that makes him one of the best Execu- tive officers that ever filled the chair of Chief Magistrate of Charles- ton. He is possessed of rare 4 business tact and sagacity, a large and comprehensive mind, great diversity of general information, a thorough and exhaustive knowledge of the affairs of the city, the condition and wants of the several departments into which its government is divided, great fertility of resource, and versatility of talent in devising ways and means of meeting emergencies, his every official act, dic- tated solely by a desire for the public good, he comes as nearly up to the people’s conception of a model Mayor as any in the long line of his prede- cessors ; in this declaration the writer not being unmindful that among them was the great Robert Y. Hayne, the illustrious champion of the South, and the peer of the best in those great de- bates that occurred between the intel- lectual giants that graced and adorned the chambers of our National Legis- lature little after the medieval period of our country’s existence. The subject of our sketch, the Hon- orable William A. Courtenay, was born in Charleston, Feb. 4th, 1831 ; at the age of 14 he went into business with a limited education ; from 1850 to 1860 he carried on an extensive publish- ing and book selling business, in con- nection with his brother, in Charles- ton, and eagerly availed himself of the opportunities of reading, which ' his surroundings offered him. He here formed the acquaintance of the leading- professional men of that cultured com- munity, and profited greatly by his 42 City of Charleston. intercourse with them. October 1st, 1SG0, by invitation, he assumed the business management of the Mercury, and gave evidence of that great ca- pacity as an organizer and manager that has secured to him such abundant success as a business man and a high civic officer. At the close of 1861, the sad internecine war between the States occurring, he left the Mercury and en- tered the Confederate army, and served till its surrender, in 1865. Now oc- curred an epoch that shaped his entire future life. Finding himself, in com- mon with all Southern men, destitute of all means, and all the industries of his State paralyzed, and most of its property destroyed, he adopted, as a temporary means of subsistence, a business which through its changes gave direction to his future life. The consequence of that change was to divert from the higher fields of jour- nalism and literature, one whose nat- ural gifts, unfaltering application, and laudable ambition would have made a shining light in these, to him, Elysian fields. What journalism and literature have lost, commerce has gained. As his former and more congenial em- ployment was not yet possible, he commenced driving a wagon for freight through the desolated regions between Newberry and Orangeburg, South Carolina, a distance of eighty miles ; this was the only transportation pos- sible for many months. With the rebuilding of the railroads this busi- ness disappeared. In the spring of 1866, Mr. Courtenay returned to Charleston and turned his attention to steamship transportation, which adds immeasurably to the value of the pro- ducts of the South, a large share of the great staples of this section passing through this city, one of the great commercial centres of the country ; he had much to do with the inaugu- ration of the Clyde Steamship Lines, of which at their inception he became and still continues, the agent, and which, with their great freight facilities, adds much to *he business and importance of Charleston, the finest port of entry on the Atlantic coast, than which, no city suffered more during the war. Fires were frequent, shot and shell had done their ravaging work ; fifty millions had sunk to less than twenty million. The rule of the military and the ignorant had further unsettled public and private affairs ; the city debt had greatly increased. In 1879, the pro- perty-owning and industrial citizens of Charleston, feeling the imperative necessity of thorough reformation in its municipal government, and great retrenchment in the careless and wasteful expenditure of its finances, entertaining the gravest apprehen- sions of the city’s future, made a vig- orous effort to change the then exist- ing conditions, selecting as their stand- ard-bearer their strongest, most pub- lic-spirited, and popular man from the best class of its citizens, they elected Mr. Wm. A. Courtenay, Mayor, with an excellent Board of Aldermen. From his induction in office, his ener- gies have been continuously directed to securing a thorough reformation of the city’s government, to the improve- ment of her finances and of her streets, to the reduction of her debt, to the building up her credit, increasing not only the number, but also the efficien- cy of the public schools, for the educa- tion of both the white and black popu- lation, by teaching higher branches than reading, writing and arithmetic, that they should be the nursery, not only for the professional and business man, but for the artisan and mechanic, to the establishment and advancement of those great facilities for higher edu- cation which Charleston possesses. With what success his efforts in these directions have met, the following- facts will show. The debt has been materially reduced. Business is con- ducted in all departments on strictly economical principles. Miles of horse roadway have been laid ; real estate values show a marked advance. The annual average cost of the city gov- State of South Carolina. 43 eminent' from 1870 to 1879 was $800,- 000, while since 1879 it has been $650,000. City securities have ad- vanced fifty per cent. An able and eloquent advocate for education, he was an early and ardent supporter of the Military Academy of South Caro- lina, which was reopened in Charles- ton, on October 1st, 1882, with 150 cadets, from all parts of the State. The High School, founded in 1839, as a training school to business and collegiate life, has been during his administration, removed to a commo- dious building, with an acre of ground, in a central section of the city, and the course of study entirely remodeled and reorganized ; physical culture is taught regularly in a gymnasium, that the training of the body may not be neglected, while the intellect is devel- oped. To receive the pupil, who may desire a liberal education, after his course at the High School is finished, the College of Charleston stands open. In politics Mr. Courtenay has always been a Democrat, taking a reasonably active part in party affairs, and advo- cating the nomination of the best can- didates. By nature incapable of affil- iation with any clique, or ring, his political principles, and his innate in- tegrity, being well known, selected on account thereof as the reform candi- date, to conduct the municipal canvass of 1879, and elected without any pledges, or obligations, of fealty to bosses or cliques ; actuated solely with a desire to do all that in him lie for the public good, he inaugurated a vig- orous, uncompromising and relentless warfare against the abuses which had become so detrimental to the public service, and which had weighed so heavily in taxation on the public. The degree of success with which his re- form measures have met, have, in what precedes, been only partially recapitu- lated. The almost universal appre- ciation in which the citizens of Charles- ton hold his beneficent and unparal- leledly successful services in their be- half, is evinced by the unanimity with which he was but recently chosen to succeed himself in his field of useful- ness. Personally, Mr. Courtenay is possessed of those qualities of mind and heart that are eminently calcu- lated to make and attach friends ; of pleasing presence, genial, frank, out- spoken, and liberal-minded, he is uni- versally popular in the city and throughout the State, where true de- votion like his is never unrecognized. Hitherto his time, his energy, and his talent, with almost filial devotion, has been dedicated to the promotion of the welfare and interest of Charleston, yet he is thought of in the broader field of national life ; and now in his prime and vigorous maturity, the future will doubtless yet make an imperative call upon him in the broader field of State and National usefulness. THE CLYDE STEAM LINES To New York and Philadelphia, Offer, jointly, semi-weekly accom- modations for all shippers of Cotton, Rice, Naval Stores and Lumber, des- tined for foreign or domestic ports. The New York service comprises the S. S. Delaware, Capt. Winnett, S. S. Gulf Stream, Capt. Pennington. These steamers sail every Wednes- day and make close connections with first class lines to Liverpool, Havre, Bremen, Antwerp, Reval and other European ports. Freight for the New England mills also promptly for- warded. The Philadelphia service comprises the S. S. Equator, Capt. Nelson, S. S. V irginia, Capt. Bears. Sailing every Thursday, and mak- ing connection with the American 44 City of Charleston. Line of steamships from Philadelphia to Liverpool, and the Red Star Line from Philadelphia to Antwerp. Close attention given to consignments for New England points. For further information apply at the office of the Clyde Lines, No. 109 East Bay, Charleston, S. C. W. A. COURTENAY, Agent. Our inter-State, and National com- merce, during these many years of peace, between all the great powers, has attained gigantic proportions. The intelligence, capital and energies of the people, being turned to peaceful avocations, and to the development of all the multiplied and varied indus- tries of our advanced civilization, has added so largely to the great aggre- gate of wealth of all communities and nations, as to require, in these pro- gressive times, much better facilitie- for its transportation, and more corns modious, comfortable and expeditious means of passage than are afforded by the old style sailing vessels. This fact has stimulated men of great enterprise, endowed with capacity for large under- takings, to build and equip the great ships that ply between distant points on our ocean and inland waters. Fourteen years ago Messrs. Clyde, of New York and Philadelphia, enter- ed the Charleston coastwise trade, from both ports. On the New York line, they sailed once a week, the iron steamships “ South Carolina ” and “ Tennessee,” and soon after added the “ Georgia;” these were all larger ships, than had ever before been on this route, carrying 2500 to 2700 bales of cotton, and at once made the port of Charleston prominent in the coastwise trade. This line commanded the most desirable passenger business for many years, owing to the state-rooms all be- ing on deck, and, as a consequence, more cool and better ventilated. The present steamships are the “ Delaware,” a screw steamship of 3500 bales ca- pacity, and the “ Gulf Stream,” of 2200 bales ; the business now is, alto- gether in freight, of which a large amount is handled every week. On the Philadelphia line, freight steamships are altogether used, and the line is run with great regularity and satisfaction. Mr. William A. Courtenay had much to do with the inauguration of. these lines, and has been agent from the first, and still continues in their management. This gentleman, being the Mayor of Charleston, his personal sketch will be found, at the head of its public officers, in another part of this work. The steamships of these lines do their business at the Union Wharves and Cotton Press Company, where there are two immense hydraulic cotton presses and storage capacity for 20,- 000 bales of cotton. This is the busiest centre in Charleston. All through the cotton season, and for hours every day, at the height of the crop year, the streets in this vicinity are as crowded with trucks and drays as Broadway in New York is with vehicles. The office of the steamship company is at No. 109 East Bay, an attractive new building of red and buff Philadelphia pressed brick, the interior handsomely finished and most conveniently appointed ; the employ- ees are gentlemanly and most obliging. All along the water front the Clyde Steamship office is spoken of as the most obliging business office in the city. The ships of these lines are first- class steamships, modern in all their appointments, are manned exclusively by experienced seamen, their masters and officers having been selected on account of years of faithful service to the company, in which their efficiency and fitness for their respective posi- tions have been amply demonstrated. Under the able management of the chief executive officer, the Hon. Wm. A. Courtenay, with its liberal and gen- erous provision of the best facilities for the commercial public, with its earnest and successful endeavors to meet the requirements of first-class 45 State of Soi carriers, the business of these lines have so grown in magnitude and im- portance as to equal that of any steam navigation company sailing its ships from the ports of Charleston and New York. STANLAND & DOWNING, Brokers in Naval Stores and Gen- eral Merchandise. In making a review of the individ- ual industries of the great mercantile, commercial and manufacturing cen- tres of our country, it is our purpose to give their merited prominence to that class of houses which are the rep- resentative ones in each special line of trade, and which adds most to the rep- utation and importance of the city, State and section of country where lo- cated. Probably the largest house; and one whose name and good fame extends throughout more States, than any other engaged in its line of busi- ness in Charleston, or in the South, is that of Stanland & Downing, brokers and commission merchants in naval stores and general merchandise, whose local house is at No. 15 Vendue Range. This house is a branch of Paterson, Downing & Co., of New York, was es- tablished in 1874, by A. B. Downing, and T. W. Stanland, and immediately entered upon a career of usefulness not exceeded by that of any of its contem- poraries. The amount of turpentine and rosin manufactured in the Southern States, excells in magnitude that of any king- dom or country in the world. One of the finest harbors on the Atlantic coast is that of Charleston, one of the prin- cipal centres through which these two of the staple products of this section of our country passes, in their transit to the buyers of these articles of merchan- dise in the Northern States, and in the countries beyond the sea. It would be practically impossible within the proper limits of an article Of this nature, to expect anything like justice being done to the most exten- h Carolina. sive enterprise of the kind, not only in Charleston, but probably than any in the South. That this house has done more to develope and build up the commercial interest of the Queen City of the South, cannot be questioned by any one who has a knowledge of the wealth, resources and material interest of this great business centre. The fa- cilities which this house has for the transaction of business, and the bulk and volume of merchandise handled by them, is not equaled by any in this country. They export the commodi- ties handled by them to all parts of the world. They enjoy every known facility for the business. They have extensive wharves on the river front and un- equaled storage capacity. The rosin handled by them annually will aggre- gate about 200,000 barrels. The tur- pentine about 40,000 barrels. Besides their Charleston house they have branch houses under the style of Paterson, Downing & Co., at Wil- mington, North Carolina, Savannah and Brunswick, Ga., one at Mobile and also a connection at Montreal, Canada, under the firm name and style of Wilson, Paterson & Co. This house exports to almost every part of the civilized world, their principal outlets being Germany, the United Kingdoms, Baltic and Austria. They control a large and widespread trade, are always prompt, earnest and suc- cessful in their ■ endeavors to meet their demands in a satisfactory man- ner. The junior founder of this house, Mr. Downing, was a native of New York, and died in 1880, the busi- ness being continued under the same firm name, by T. W. Stanland and R. W. Paterson. The senior and resident partner of this house at Charleston, Mr. T. W. Stanland, is a native of North Caro- lina, and is one of the most genial and social of men. From his long resi- dence and large and extensive busi- ness operations in our midst, he is so well known in the social and com- 40 City of Charleston. mercial circles of Charleston, as to render personal comments at our hands unnecessary. In conclusion, however, we will say that his business career in Charleston has been marked by an annually increasing importance, and in the extent of its operations it takes a leading position among the houses engaged in its line of trade in this or any other country. CHARLESTON MANUFACTUR’NG COMPANY. Cotton Manufacturers. Capital §500,000. Capacity 271)00 Spin- dles. C. Irvine Walker, Pres- ident. In July, 1881, some of Charleston’s most substantial and enterprising citi- zens, endowed with capacity for large undertakings, after careful painstak- ing and exhaustive investigation as to the feasibility of the manufacture of cotton in this city, organized the Charleston Manufacturing Company, with a capital of $500,000, and com- menced the construction of a large, substantial five story building, 100 by 300 feet in dimension, and fully equipped it with all the latest and most improved machinery, and with every known facility and convenience of this industry. The first floor is utilized for conversion of the cotton into yarn, having five thousand spin- dles ; is complete and perfect in all its appointments for this department of the manufacture. The second floor is devoted to the weaving of cloth. The third floor is used as a carding room. The fourth as a spinning room, hav- ing ten thousand spindles, which, in order to meet the exigencies of their business, they are about to increase to fifteen thousand. The factory has a capacity of twenty-seven thousand. The basement is used as a shipping and packing depot and machine shop. The machinery is driven by two en- gines of five hundred horse power. The difficulties incident to the suc- cessful organization of an enterprise | of this nature, in a section far remote from any similar establishment, (this being the pioneer in the manufactur- ing industries in this section of the South) there being no skilled or ex- perienced mill or mechanical labor available, short of colonization of the same from the Eastern States, the great manufacturing centre of this country, so prolific in ventures of this kind, and with the product of whose factories, of long-known and estab- lished reputation, this young company has to compete, it being well on in January, 1883, before the machinery really got smoothly under way. The several departments of the es- tablishment give employment to four- hundred and fifty hands, who are liberally recompensed for their labor, the monthly pay-roll amounting to several thousands of dollars. The product of this factory is yarn, sheet- ings, shirtings, &c. They use annually six thousand bales of cotton. Their market is the world, their principal shipping centres are largely Balti- more, Boston and New York. The goods here manufactured have acquired a high standing with the trade on account of their excellent quality and uniform reliability. Wherever introduced they become recognized as the standard, and are in general demand, where an excellent quality is required. A large, wide- spread and lucrative trade has been built up, whose limits, under the man- agement of its sagacious and far-seeing- officers and directors are constantly ex- tending. The establishment of this factory is a work of great beneficence and en- titles its founders to the gratitude and thanks of the citizens of Charleston, for the courage, the public spirit and the perseverance of its officers and stockholders. Aside from the many who at this factory are receiving in- struction of incalculable value, it is one of the most essential of our manufac- turing industries, opening up to them a brighter future, there is yet a larger 48 City of Charleston. number who are directly or indirectly dependent upon them, who by means of its establishment, receive their sus- tenance, and all the comforts and luxuries they enjoy in life. This has been the first step in this direction and the most important and potential in its effect in bettering the condition of the people, and in advancing the growth and material wealth of Charles- ton. The News and Courier, the most able journal and most earnest advo- cate of the diversified interest of the South, was the first to utter the watchword, which has since become the shibboleth of the friends of South- ern manufacturers, “ Bring the mills to the cotton.” PELZER, RODGERS & CO., Cotton Factors & General Agents of the Atlantic Phosphate Co. Francis -J. Pelzkr, Francis S. Rodgers. W. G. Mucicenfuss, T. S. Inglesby, F. J. Pelzer, Jr. Among the varied, extensive, and growing commercial industries, which exercise an important influence on our general trade, add as much to Charles- ton’s material wealth, and bear the signs of continued increase and pros- perity, none occupy a more significant and useful station, than that of the cotton factor. Looking in detail at the varied commercial enterprises of Charleston we will see that the trans- actions of its cotton factors, in the ag- gregate, involves larger capital, em- ploys more hands, and conduces to more traffic, and causes more money to come into Charleston, not only from the Northern and Eastern sections of our OAvn Country, but also from the various manufacturing centres of the United Kingdom, and the continental countries, than any other single pro- duct of the American soil. There is but little doubt that the city of Charles- ton, with its magnificent harbor, and the great railroad facilities, between it and the almost illimitable acres of cotton growing fields contiguous, and whose crops are by means thereof ex- peditiously, and cheaply accessible to this city, is destined in the near fu- ture, to become one of the largest ex- port harbors, of this product of the Southern soil, of any in the country. Engaged in this department of com- merce, we find the well and widely known, and leading house of Pelzer, Rodgers & Co., cotton merchants, whose comfortably furnished office, and convenient and well lighted sam- ple rooms, are located at Brown’s wharf. This establishment, was origi- nally founded in 1850, as E. H. Rodg- ers & Co., and was succeeded, in 1806, by Pelzer, Rodgers & Co., Mr. Muck- enfuss forming the third member. Mr. T. S. Inglesby, was taken into the firm in 1867, and F J. Pelzer, Jr., in 1880. This house has, without ex- ception, the greatest facilities, and con- trol and handle a larger amount of cotton than any other concern in South Carolina. The high standing and well known character of this house, for their liberal and honorable dealings with the growers of this great staple, their ample supplies to the planters, while raising their crops, their large ac- quaintance with the manufacturers of all the various commodities into which it is wrought, their knowledge of the purchasers of this product, whether in the Northern and Eastern States or in the European markets, their great storage capacity of thirty thousand bales, their great wharfage facilities, being able to accommodate from fifteen to twenty vessels at a time, have secured to this house, the largest trade in this staple of any house in the South, handling sixty thousand 49 State of South Carolina. bales annually, calling into requisi- tion the services of ten or twelve clerks, and in the season, from fifty to sixty hands, and a number of drays. This firm’s transactions, in cotton alone, amount to upwards of three (3) millions of dollars annually. Besides this immense cotton trade, this house handles all the phosphate fertilizers manufactured by the Atlantic Phos- phate Company, of which Mr. Pelzer, one of the senior partners, is President, and Mr. Rodgers, the other senior, is house are all natives of Charleston, and are men of more than ordinary prominence, the senior partners hold- ing many high trusts in several large corporations and companies, discharg- ing the arduous, and responsible duties, of their several positions, with credit to themselves, and to the great benefit and advantage of their constituents. Mr. Pelzer is Harbor Commissioner, Orphan House Commissioner, and President of Union Wharf and Cotton Press Company ; is also President of ATLANTIC PHOSPHATE WORKS. treasurer, and whose works have as great capacity of production, as any company of the kind in South Caroli- na, manufacture thirty thousand tons annually of the various kinds of fer- tilizers that are peculiarly adapted to the cotton lands, have a standard repu- tation, and give the highest results in their chemical analysis. This com- pany employs a hundred hands, have unsurpassed facilities at their works, the character of their product is such as to give entire satisfaction, where used. The individual members of this Charleston Bagging Factory, and, as before stated, of the above named Phos - phate Com pany ; is also principal stockholder of a cotton mill called Pel- zer’s Mill, located at Pelzer, S. C., which affords remunerative employ- ment to a number of laborers. Mr. Rodgers is President of the Electric Light Company, is Director in Charles- ton Cotton Exchange, and was recent- ly elected, unopposed, to represent his ward in the Board of Aldermen, and was unanimously chosen to the re- sponsible position of chairman of Ways 50 City of Charleston. and Means Committee. The gentle- men composing this firm are so well and favorably known, have so long oc- cupied positions of prominence, in the commercial, mercantile, manufactur- ing, and political, and social circles, of Charleston, that personal comment at our hand would be superfluous. CHARLESTON BAGGING MANU- FACTURING CO. An important branch of industry, and one that is most conducive to the growth and prosperity, and that adds as much to the material wealth of Charleston, as any manufacturing es- tablishment in the city, is the Charles- ton Bagging Manufacturing Company. A country’s manufactures are its life ; alike the sustaining power of the mer- chant, and artisan, the manufacturing interest is the great factor, upon which the political and commercial exist- ence of a nation depends. Especially close are the mercantile and manufac- turing interests allied. Greater activ- ity, in the various industrial' pursuits, produces in the mercantile organiza- tion of a community a change, similar to that produced in the political world, by an extension of political rights and responsibilities. A history of special industries, which, with sim- ple uniformity of employments, and mutual dependence, have grown to be important and independent factors, in the sum total of a nation’s prosperity, is really, the history of the growth of that nation. A factory erected at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dol- lars : giving employment to hund- reds of operatives, and manufacturing millions of yards of that material in which all of the great staple products of the South is baled, cannot fail to have great weight in the commercial circles of that community, where it may be located. Such a one is the Charleston Bagging Manufacturing Company, whose office is located at No. 50 East Bay street. This compa- ny was organized in 1878 ; the area of ground covered by its buildings is ex- tensive. One mill is 60x274 feet in dimensions, and the other 175x80 feet. These are provided with special ma- chinery and appliances of the latest improved designs. Besides these buildings there is also utilized by the company, for storage, a three story warehouse, 55x150 feet in dimensions. Their facilities are unequalled, their capacity reaching' the enormous amount of five millions yards annual- ly. The capital invested in this enter- prise, is three hundred thousand dol- lars. The operatives finding employ- ment here, number two hundred and fifty. The machinery is driven by two steam engines of the combined power of two hundred and thirty-eight horse. The one is a Harris Corliss, and the other a Putnam engine. The prepar- atory machinery is driven by the Har- ris Corliss, and the Putnam is used for the weaving department. The first president of this company was Mr. W. P. Hall ; a year since, the present incumbent, Mr. F. J. Pelzer, succeeded to this office. Mr. James S. Murdoch, its secretary and treasurer, is a man of extensive business experi- ence, endowed with capacity for large undertakings, is acting manager, tak- ing a prominent part in the councils, direction and management of this en- terprise, so gratifying to its stockhold- ers as a financial venture, so flattering to its officers and directors, for the tact and sagacity, displayed in the conduct of its business, and so beneficent in its results, affording remunerative em- ployment to hundreds of the work- people of the Palmetto City. SIMONS & SIEGLING, Counsellors and Attorneys at Law, 77 Broad Street. Honorable Rudolph Siegling, attor- ney and counsellor at law, and presi- dent of the News and Courier Company, is a native of Charleston, was educated at Charleston College, studied law with State of South Carolina. 51 the Honorable T. Y. Simons, and was admitted to practice at a general term of the Supreme Court, held at Colum- bia, in 1861, and was, on motion, in 1865, admitted as practitioner to the United States Courts. Shortly after his admission, was taken into copart- nership with his preceptor, which con- tinued to the time of Mr. Simons’ death, in 1S78. In July, 1879, formed a copartnership with Mr. James Sim- ons. He is a thoroughly well read lawyer, is a careful painstaking coun- sellor, holding a high rank in his pro- fession. His firm are solicitors for two of the largest, and most important financial institutions in the State — the Germania Savings Bank of Charleston, and the Carolina (German) Mutual Insurance Company. They are also the solicitors of the Merchants’ Ex- change. Their practice is large, being- retained on the part of plaintiff or de- fendant in many of the important civil actions, arising within their judicial district. No man in Charleston, has been more highly honored than Mr. Siegling, nor has any had greater and more responsible public trusts bestow- ed upon him than he. No person, in this city has filled more important political positions than he, discharg- ing the duties of all these various trusts, with fidelity, and distinguished ability, and to the entire satisfaction, and to the advantage and credit of a wide-spread, intelligent and discrimi- nating constituency. In 1865 he was elected, on the Democratic ticket, a member of the provisional govern- ment, for two years. In 1878 he was elected, for a term of four years, to the State Senate, as representative to this branch of the Legislature from Charles- ton County. In the war between the States, he was first lieutenant of artil- lery, in General Lee’s army in Penn- sylvania and Virginia; and at Second Manassas, was wounded by a shell, car- rying away a part of his abdomen; unmindful of himself, and his great suffering, lying on his back, he still gave orders to those under his com- mand. He was a delegate to the convention, which nominated Wade Hampton, for Governor of South Caro- lina in 1876 ; took a prominent part in the troublous times of 1876, and was for several years General of the Fourth Brigade ; is a member of the Execu- tive Committee for the County ; is vice- president of the Board of Trustees of Charleston College, and supervisor of-, the High School. Mr. Siegling is a genial, courteous and cultured man, is possessed of those traits of character, that make and attach friends ; is able, progressive, and public-spirited ; is faithful in his professional, official, and business relations, and alike blameless in both public, and private life. JAMES SIMONS, Speaker of the LIouse. The Honorable James Simons, one of the best known lawyers of South Carolina, was born in this city, ac- quired his preliminary education, at the Charleston schools, and at South Carolina College, after which, and be- fore the war, he attended the Univer- sity of Leipzig, studying law ; and was admitted to practice at a general term of the Supreme Court, held at Colum- bia, November, 1860. The war be- tween the States breaking out shortly thereafter, young Simons responded with alacrity to the call to arms. He entered the service as 1st Lieutenant of the German Volunteers, Co. IT, of the Infantry Battalion, of Hampton’s Le- gion — afterwards an artillery compa- ny — served through Virginia, attached to Hood’s Texas Brigade, of Long- street’s Corps. The war over, Mr. Simons commenced the practice of his profession, in copartnership with his father, who was well known in the State, and at Avhose death, in 1879, Mr. Simons formed a copartnership with Hon. Rudolph Siegling, under the firm name of Simons & Siegling, who are engaged in the general prac- tice of their profession. He is one of the most influential men in the coun- 52 City of Charleston. try, takes an active interest in tire pub- lic weal, espousing and advocating with earnestness, whatever measures he believes will be most conducive to the public good, whatever in his judg- ment, will add most to the prosperity, and increase in importance the city and State of his nativity. Ide was elected to the Legislature in 1878, in 1880, and again in 1882, and this last term was elected Speaker, which posi- tion he now fills. His father before him was Speaker for twelve years. CHARLESTON OIL MANUFAC- TURING COMPANY. 28 Broad Street. John S. Fairly, President. Arthur Middleton, Sec. and Treas. One oi the most prominent among the recently established enterprises, and one which is exerting a most im- portant influence, in adding to the ma- terial wealth, prosperity and growth of this city, is “ Charleston’s Oil Man- ufacturing Company.” The reflective and sagacious citizens of this place, which by its extraordi- nary natural advantages, is capable of being made one of the greatest bus- iness centres of the country, are becom- ing cognizant of the fact, that our manufacturing establishments, are among the most important factorss in our national growth, and are turning their attention, to the development of these industries, for which Charleston and its vicinity, possess such extraor- dinary facilities, and which are so beneficent in their operation, to large numbers of its laboring classes, in giv- ing them employment, in a more re- munerative field of industry, than that in which they had hitherto been engaged. This Company was organ- ized in 1881, and is the largest and most important establishment of the kind in the Atlantic States. Its works are located four miles out of Charles- ton — its plant covers an area of four acres. Its mills are furnished with all the latest and most improved machine- ry and appliances, and is completely equipped, and provided with every known convenience, including illumi- nation by electric light, and separating apparatus patented Jan. 7. 1884, by the President, which surpasses any other invention for simplicity and efficiency of operation, yet introduced. They give employment to fifty hands. They have a capacity of fifty tons, daily. The product of their manufacture being Cotton Seed Oil, and Cake, and Meal. Their meal has, a standard reputation all over the country, and that the highest, being recognized as the “ Ne plus ultra,” wherever in the wide domain of civil- ization this article is used. This Com- pany has unequaled facilities, not only for the transmission of their manufac- tures to all the great commercial cen- tres of the United States, but also for its importation to foreign ports. They have abundant water trans- portation, and can accommodate at the wharf on Cooper river, the largest ship that comes into Charleston. Their switch connects with all railroads in the State. Their trade is large and widespread, and very much the largest and most important in money value, and territorial extent of any company engaged in the same line of business, in the Atlantic States. The President of this Company, Mr. John S. Fairly, is a native of Ireland, came to this country some years since, but retains fealty to the land of bis birth, was formerly engaged in the jobbing busi- ness, and who, seeing and appreciating the great advantages which this local- ity offered for the manufacture of these commodities, with bis characteristic energy, entered upon the organization of this company. He is a man en- dowed with great business capacity, extraordinary executive ability, pro- gressive and enterprising, is well known and highly appreciated in this community, for his liberality, and pub- lic spirit, and holds a leading position among the representative men in the State of South Carolina. 53 State. Mr. Arthur Middleton, its Sec- retary and Treasurer, is a man of great business experience, is possessed of great financial ability, and is eminent- ly fitted, satisfactorily, to fill the re- sponsible positions of Secretary, and Treasurer, to this successful business and manufacturing venture. With such officers representing the business of this Company, it cannot fail to continue its brilliant career of success, and to grow in importance each receding year. C. BART & CO., Importers and Wholesale Deal- ers in Foreign Ann Domestic Fruit, Apples, Oranges, Bananas, Cocoanuts, Lemons, Peanuts, Pine- apples, Potatoes, Onions, Cabba- ges. Prominent among the many large mercantile establishments in Charles- ton, is that of Messrs. C. Bart & Co., im- porters and wholesale dealers in For- eign and Domestic fruit, This house was established thirty years ago, by its senior member. At close of war this house was re-established, and .Jno. Wirth admitted ; subsequently chang- ed by the withdrawal of Wirth, and the admission of William Bart, his nephew, as partner, and on his death, H. Bayer and H. Steitz were taken in, both of whom withdrew, and his son, C. E. Bart, was taken in, and the busi ness was continued under the firm name and style of C. Bart & Co. It is the leading house in its line in the city of Charleston, and probably in South Carolina, carrying the largest stock, having the best facilities, doing the most business, and employing the greatest number of hands, of any sim- ilar establishment in the Carolinas. The premises occupied by this business are located at 'Nos. 55, 57 and 59 Mar- ket St., is a two story building 65x140 feet in dimensions, is spacious, has every facility and convenience, and is in every way well adapted for the expeditious handling of the perishable commodities in which they deal. Their stock consists of apples from all the best orchards in this section of the country, oranges from the groves of Florida, and imported oranges and ba- nanas, cocoanuts, lemons, limes, pea- nuts, and all the various kinds of for- eign nuts, pineapples, potatoes, onions, cabbages, and all the various domestic vegetables dealt in by houses of this kind. They are the largest dealers in cocoanuts and bananas, of any house this side of Baltimore. They, at the seasons for the receipt of their sup- plies, employ from twenty-five to thir- ty hands, and call into requisition the use of five trucks. The general stock in this establishment is, besides being the largest, of greater variety and as- sortment than that to be found in any other house in South Carolina. The business is exclusively wholesale. They control a large, widespread cus- tom, and are prompt and earnest in their endeavors to meet its demands, in a satisfactory manner. They have patrons from all over the United States, the greater part of their custom com- ing, however, from the West and South. The senior proprietor, is a native of Baden, came to this country forty years ago, resided five years in New York, before coming to Charleston. The son is a native of this city, where, he is well known and much liked. The members of the firm are thor- oughgoing business men, prompt, hon- orable and reliable in their transac- tions, and enjoy the confidence and esteem of all who have dealings with them. G. L. G. COOK, Photographer, 281 King Street. The popular photographer of Charleston, is Mr. G. L. G. Cook, who as a photographic artist, has achieved a standard reputation ; his pictures always showing a graceful, easy pose, a fidelity to nature, and a complete- ness of finish, not always obtained by 54 City of Charleston. those who are not thorough masters of the art. This business was established by his father, Mr. G. S. Cook, in 1849, the present proprietor having suc- ceeded him in 1880. Mr. Cook is a thorough artist, and executes all kinds of work, from the carte de visite, to the imperial cabinet pictures, which are perfect likenesses, and show the same care and perfection of finish that char- acterize all his efforts, which have made him celebrated, and have gained for him a great popularity and patronage, not only from the citizens of Charleston, but from throughout South Carolina. The second and third floors of No. 281 King street are utilized in the business. The gallery, reception, and operating rooms occupy the second floor, and are neatly and handsomely fitted up. The work rooms occupy the third floor. The operating room is supplied with every thing requisite to the business, includ- ing backgrounds of landscape scenery and others, which lend a charm to the picture. Mr. Cook was born in Geor- gia; has resided in Charleston since lie was one year old, where he is well- known and highly esteemed, and mer- its the excellent patronage lie now en- joys, and which steadily increases, purely upon the merits of his work. HAYNE & FICKEN, Counsellors and Attorneys at Law, No. 48 Broad Street. Few of the legal profession of the State, can lay claim to a greater degree of business enterprise, and none to more fidelity to their clients’ interests, than the firm of Hayne & Ficken, of 48 Broad street, who formed this part- nership July, 1876. Mr. Isaac Hayne is a native of Alabama, and came to Carolina at the early age qf seven years. ITe graduated with disting- uished honors from S. C. College, in 1858, and studied law with his father, the eminent practitioner, then Attorney-General of South Carolina, whose standing and position in the community, was assured and ac- knowledged by all. Mr. Hayne, Jr., was admitted to practice in 1861. He was in partnership with his father from ’66 till ’76, under the name of Hayne & Son ; and in July of the same year, formed the present part- nership. During the war he served as aid-de-camp of General Chestnut. Mr. John F. Ficken was born and bred in Charleston, and graduated with great credit from Charleston College, in 1861. He became a student in the office of Mr. Jno. Phillips, under whose skillful guidance he rapidly progressed, and was admitted to prac- tice in ’66. He also studied two years in Germany, and practiced his profession alone until 1876, when he formed his present partnership. He also served in the Confederate forces. This firm receives a very large share of the legal business of the State, and perform all kinds of business apper- taining to the profession, acknowledg- ing deeds, foreclosing mortgages, searching titles, etc. These gentle- men have secured a rapidly augment- ing patronage, and are highly es- teemed for both their business and social qualities. COCHRAN & ALEXANDER, Commission Agents for Securities and Real Estate. Among the prominent representa- tive business men of Charleston, there are none enjoying in a higher degree the consideration of the citizens, than the firm of Cochran & Alexander, the popular commission agents for securi- ties and real estate, who are located at No. 26 Broad street, They give their special attention to buying, selling, and exchanging real estate, farm lands, and other proper- ties, also to renting and leasing them. They are also brokers and auctioneers, and handle stocks and bonds on New York, and conduct a large city trade, and also in Northern cities. Both gentlemen of the firm are na- State of South Carolina. 55 live Charlestonians, and both were hank officers before the war. Messrs. Cochran & Alexander, are gentlemen well known to the citizens, and enjoy the confidence and esteem of all who deal with them. They will always he found prompt and honor- able in their business transactions, and are among the recognized liberal citi- zens of Charleston. WANDO PHOSPHATE COMPANY. Office, Exchange Street, rear cf Postoffice. Solomon asserts that he who makes two blades of grass grow where hut one grew before, is the greatest possi- ble benefactor to his kind. The almost illimitable cotton fields of South and power of production. These consider- ations, coupled with the timely dis- covery of beds of large phosphate de- posits, led to the establishment, in 1868, of the Wando Mining and Man- ufacturing Company of Charleston, S. C., for the manufacture of fertilizers, acid phosphate, dissolved bone, ash element and ground phosphate rock, and subsequently sulphuric acid. This enterprising, progressive company, also deal heavily in crude phosphate rock, German Kainit, calcined marl, and fertilizers’ supplies generally. The facilities enjoyed by this company, for the manufacture of these products, are fully equal to the best enjoyed by any other establishment, engaged in that line of business, in this country. Its capital is $100,000 ; the works, are five STORING AND SHIPPING SHEDS. FACTORY. SULPHURIC ACID WORKS. Works of WANDO PHOSPHATE COMPANY, Near CLarleston, S. C. North Carolina, the exhaustive nature of this crop to the soil on which it is grown, and the inadequacy of the or- dinary fertilizers, and the impractica- bility of their importation in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements of the rapidly increasing population cf these growing States, demanded some other and more expeditious me- thod of recuperating the productive capacity of the soil, so heavily taxed in growing this crop, than that of let- ting their broad acres lay idle, until by years of rest from cultivation, and the gradual accretions from nature, they should have resuscitated their miles, up the Ashley River ; they give employment, at them to one hundred men, and turn out, twelve thousand tons annually ; they are also heavy importers of Kainit, and use the La- cop pulverizer, besides the burr-stone mills. Their mines are three miles from the factory, where they also give employment, to one hundred hands. They have full shipping facilities by rail and water. They make special brands, to order. The goods of the company have always given the high- est analytical results, and greatest amount of satisfaction to the farmers who have used them. City of Charleston. The success of this enterprise, is another evidence, of what may be ac- complished, by persistent endeavors, skill, energy, and systematic manage- ment, combined with the great natu- ral facilities, they possess, for the man- ufacture of their products. The origi- nators, of this venture, were led to the formation of this establishment, to supply a home trade, but whose busi- ness, has been managed, with such tact, and ability, by its executive offi- cers, that it has attained, such propor- tions, as entitles the Wando Phos- phate Company, of Charleston, South Carolina, to be ranked, among the foremost manufacturers, in their line, in this country. Francis 13. Flacker, the president, of this company, is a man of tact, energy, and great executive ability, took an active part, in the formation of the company, and has been one of its chief officers, and most active mana- gers, from its inception, first as treas- urer, and since as president. He took an active part in, and served through the whole civil war on the Confederate side. Josiah Brown, its treasurer, is a thoroughgoing business man, is pos- sessed of fine financial ability, is a man of inflexible integrity, has filled this responsible position, for two years, to the perfect satisfaction of its stock- holders, he also is a native of Charles- ton, and in the war, between the States, was with Hagood’s brigade, in Vir- ginia. Louis IT. Chisolm, its travel- ling agent, has been with this com- pany, for the last six years; he is possessed in an eminent degree of those qualities, requisite in a good salesman, and procures orders, to such an extent, as to tax to their full capacity, the works of this company, to meet the demands, for their goods. Fie was born in Charleston. Thomas IT. Dot- terel’, its superintendent, is a native of Charleston, has been connected with these works, since their establishment, has a thorough practical knowledge, of all the various processes, of manufac- ture, thoroughly understands every detail of this branch of the business. WAYNE & VON KOLNITZ, Commission Merchants for the sale of Provisions and Produce. Prominent among the leading houses, and one representing a large interest in this line of business in Charleston, is that of Messrs. Wayne & AY>n Kolnitz, commission mer- chants for the sale of provisions and produce, whose office and store are lo- cated at No. 196 East Bay, and 27 Vendue Range; having smoke and packing houses corner of Inspection and Marsh streets. The premises oc- cupied by them are large ; their office and warehouse is a three story brick building, 40 by 60 feet in dimensions, every foot of which is utilized in the business, and which is fitted up and admirably adapted for the expeditious dispatch of their growing engage- ments. They have unsurpassed facil- ities for packing and smoking meats, curing hams, &c. They give employ- ment to eight hands. Only the best class of stock is handled by them, and great care and attention is given the meat through all the stages, while be- ing prepared for the market. Their trade is wholesale, and a large demand is supplied throughout the city. The business was established by the pres- ent firm in 1874, and from that time has been steadily growing, and now ranks among the largest of its kind in the State. They are recognized as among the most solid and reliable business men in the city ; never make any speculative ventures, and are gov- erned in all their transactions, by wise and judicious mercantile principles. This enterprising house ,own some five thousand acres of phosphate lands. The individual members of this firm, Mr. D. G. J. Wayne, and Mr. G. F. AffinKolnitz, are both natives of Charleston, where they have ever held a high social position, and have been recognized as among her most staunch, reliable, and progressive merchants. State of South Carolina. 57 WULBERN & PIEPER. Wholesale Grocers, and Dealers in Provisions, Liquors, Tobacco,- Etc. One of the leading representative houses, and one of the oldest and best known in Charleston, is that of Messrs. Wulbern & Pieper, wholesale grocers, and dealers in provisions, liquors, to- bacco, &c. Their establishment is located at Nos. 167 and 169 East Bay. This busi- ness was established about thirty-five years ago, under the firm name and style of H. Bischoff & Co., the above named gentlemen being members of that firm, from which they retired in 1877, and founded their present house at the above mentioned location. The premises are extensive, being 50x250, feet in dimensions and two stories in height, all of which is utilized in their business, besides a warehouse on the Range. The stock carried is immense, embracing both staple and fancy groceries, hermetically sealed goods, and provisions of all kinds, the best brands of family flour, choice teas from China, and Japan, fra- grant coffees from Mocha, Java, and South America, a large and choice selection of fine old wines and liquors, and all the various grades of tobaccos, Ac., and which are supplied to the trade at the lowest New York City prices. Their trade is large and wide- spread, extends throughout South and North Carolina, and have every facili- ty for the transaction of their large business. Their annual sales, aggre- gate many hundred thousands of dol- lars. The gentlemen composing this firm, are both natives of Germany, and came to this country when boys. They are esteemed and public-spirited citi- zens, doing faithful and acceptable public service, for the city and State of their adoption, Mr. Wulbern being Alderman of the 9th Ward, and one of the Commissioners of the Poor. Mr. Pieper is trustee of several State insti- tutions. They are active, enterprising, progressive merchants, with long ex- perience in, and thorough knowledge of, every detail in their line of busi- ness. They are prompt and reliable dealers, and their house is so managed and conducted, as to be a credit to its proprietors, and a benefit to the com- mercial and mercantile interests, of Charleston. A. NORDEN & CO., Cotton Merchants and Exporters. There are but few cities in the coun- try, to which larger quantities of the great staple product ot the South is drawn, but few ports on the Atlantic coast, from which a greater number of bales are shipped, to different parts of our own country, and no house in this city or indeed in the Southern States, do a larger export business in this ar- ticle of extensive world wide merchan- dize than that of A. Nordeii & Co. This establishment w r as founded in .1873, and from its inception, took a promi- nent position in the foremost rank in the United States, of exporters of cot- ton. Composed as this firm is of gen- tlemen of large, wide and extended ac- quaintance, in the manufacturing cen- tres of the United Kingdom, and in other European countries, being saga- cious business men, and having a knowledge of all the growers of any considerable amount, of this most ex- tensively exported and universally used, of all the staples of this or any other country, possessing in an unlim- ited degree, the confidence of the pro- ducers, and havipg other unequalled facilities, such as large means, a thorough knowledge of all the details of the business, their tho- roughly established reputation, both with the producer, and the manu- facturers, and other purchasers, has at- tracted to this house, as large if not the largest trade as that of any house in the country in its line of business. This enterprising firm, have beside their house in this city, branch houses 58 City of Charleston. in three other of the important sea- ports of the South, one at Savannah, one at Galveston, and one at New Or- leans, this last was established five years ago, and is presided over by the capable and efficient Junior partner C. Wernicke. Their office and well- lighted sample room, in the Charles- ton house, is located at the North At- lantic Wharf, the immense quantity of goods handled by them here, call into requisition the services of twenty assistants in the way of clerks and porters. They handle from fifty to sixty thousand bales annually, their advances to consignors, and their sales aggregating nearly two millions of dollars. Mr. Norden, the senior part- ner, is a native of Prussia, came to this country sixteen years ago, is re- cognized as one of the most staunch, solid and reliable merchants in South Carolina, occupying an enviable posi- tion in its business and social circles, and has by his indomitable energy, and his progressiveness in business enterprise, contributed as much to the growth and importance of Charleston, as one of the great Atlantic seaports, probably as any other merchant in this city. J. Id. E. STELLING. Fine Steam Printing, Stationery and Blank Books. An excellent establishment, wherein the “ art preservative of arts,” is suc- cessfully prosecuted, is that of Mr. J. H. E. Stelling, No. 151 East Bay. This house was established by this gentleman four years since. The building is a large three story brick one 25 x 80 feet in dimensions. — The stock carried is large, has a rep- resentative value of many thousands of dollars,- and comprises as large, full and complete an assortment ot sta- tionery and blank books as can be found in any house in South Carolina. The three floors of this building are utilized in this business. The first floor is taken up with the stationery department, and the office of the house. The second is used for the printing, and is fully equipped with the best cylinder and job presses, driven by steam ; types, cuts, rules, borders, and the newest styles in printing materials generally. The third is used for book binding and ruling department, is ad- mirably adapted for the business, hav- ing all modern tools and implements known to the trade. Twenty to thirty competent hands are employed, neat and tasty work is turned out, and prices are very reasonable. The house utilizes its own teams in the business. Besides this mammoth house he oc- cupies an extensive warehouse for the surplus stock. Mr. Stelling has unsurpassed facili- ties for this business, gives his patrons the benefit of this advantage and does a trade extending through South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida and Georgia. Mr. Stelling, was born in Charleston, is thoroughly posted in every detail of his business, is full of enterprise and energy, and deserves to be, as he is, liberally sustained. WM. BURMESTER & CO., Dealers in Hay and Grain, oppo- site Kerr’s Wharf. The demands of a city like Charles- ton for staple agricultural products, such as hay, grain, etc., are naturally considerable ; and when are added the wants of her contiguous and depend- ent territory, some idea may be formed of the large quantities of these goods, which are handled by her wholesale merchants. Of late there have been established some large firms, among which that of Win. State of South Carolina. 59 Burmester & Co., takes a prominent place. Founded in 1881, it already enjoys a large and increasing custom, its trade being not only local, but ex- tending into the interior of the State. The premises used for the transaction of business consist of a spacious three story building, 65 feet by 100, utilized for storage and office purposes. Mr. H. W. M. Angermann, who is the sole partner in the house, operates mainly in hay and grain, the goods being ob- tained from first hands. He employs three competent hands, to assist in ful- filling the many large engagements which it has. The proprietor gives his personal attention to all transac- tions, and customers may with confi- dence entrust orders to his care. He is a native of Florida, and since his coming to Charleston, in 1866, has es- tablished himself as a thoroughly well balanced business man, and connec- tions with him will be found pleasant, profitable and permanent. WELCH & EASON, Dealers in Staple and Fancy Gro- ceries. One of the largest and best stocked mercantile establishments in Charles- ton is that of Welch & Eason, whole- sale and retail dealers in staple and fancy goods and wines, ales and liquors. The premises, centrally located at 127 and 129 Meeting St., are large and commodious, consisting of a substan- tial three story brick building 20x160 feet in extent, well arranged and ad- mirably adapted to the business. The store has a large, full and choice stock of family groceries of every description, fine new crop teas from China and Japan, tropical and domestic fruits, a valuable selection of canned goods, spices, condiments and table delicacies and fancy groceries of every kind ; also an assortment of rare old wines, sher- ry, claret, brandy and other liquors of the best brands, and ales of the most celebrated makers. Those old wines, 1 many from 40 to 50 years of age, are sold to the best families in the city. In general it may be said that there is nothing common, coarse or inferior in this immense establishment. Their trade is second to no house in this line in the city, and calls into requisition services, of seven competent and oblig- ing assistants, and three delivery wagons. The house was established in 1877, as Mood & Eason, and in 1880 Mr. W. H. Welch took the former gentleman’s place, since when they have enjoyed an increasing patronage, not only from the city, but from many families in the lower counties of the State. Mr. Welch and Mr. L Eason, the partners of the firm, are natives of Charleston, and are therefore widely known as valuable members of social and mercantile circles. The former gentleman served four years in Vir- ginia in the civil war. GEO. A. THEN HOLM & SON. Prominent among, and a representa- tive house, in its line of business, is that of Messrs. George A. Trenholm & Son, located at No. 50 East Bay. This firm, is successor to the following firms, all existing before the war, viz : Trenholm Bros., of New York, John Fraser & Co., of Charleston, cotton ex- porters and importers, and Fraser, Trenholm & Co., of Liverpool. The predecessors, of the subjects of this sketch, the. above named firms,, were among the heaviest operators-, in this line of merchandise, in the States, each of them doing a business, of great magnitude, the firm of John Eraser. & Co., being probably the largest, and most extensive dealers, in. their line in the world. Mr. George A. Trenholm, who was a partner, in these concerns, was a member of Jefferson Davis’ cab- inet, was Secretary of the Treasury in the Confederacy. The large property, of these several firms, was confiscated, by the United States- Government, in, consequence whereof, they wound up their business. Early in 1868, neither 00 City of Charleston. disheartened, nor discouraged by the great national revulsion, which had been so particularly disastrous, to him individually, he associating with him his son, W. L., again embarked in business, and the house was formed whose name heads this article. Iiis native ability, his long, large and varied experience, his business tact, and sagacity, enabled him in a short space of time, to build up, a large, and lucrative business. This house, does a general commission business, chiefly in fertilizers, and phosphate rock. Their trade, is large, and wide-spread. Their facilities, for the transaction, of a large business, are unsurpassed, by any other house in Charleston. In 1870, the father having died, the sur- viving member of the firm, Mr. W. L. Trenholm, took into copartnership, with him, Mr. Paul C. Trenholm. The individual members of the present firm, W, L. & P. C., are both natives of Charleston, were both in the war, between the States, W. L. being on duty, in Virginia, and Paul C. in Charleston. These gentlemen are life- long residents, of this city, and are too well known, to require personal com- ments, at our hand, we take pleasure however, in commending the house, and its products, to those interested, with the assurance, that business rela- tions, once entered into, with it, will prove of the most satisfactory, and per- manent character. BANK OF CHARLESTON, National Banking Association. The statements made from time to time by various banking institutions of Charleston, is at once an evidence of their solidity, and reflects credit upon their management ; and there are, perhaps, none among them more intimately connected with the inter- terests of the mercantile and commer- cial community, or has had a more prosperous career, than the Bank of Charleston National Banking Associ- ation, which w'as organized under the National Banking Act in 1872. The original capital was $3,000,000, which at the time of the war was reduced to $600,000, and again, in 1875, to $200,000. Its first president was a Mr. James Hamilton; second, Ker Boyce; third, H. W. Conner ; fourth, A. G. Rose ; fifth, J. K. Sass ; sixth, C. T. Lowndes; seventh, in 1872, A. S. Johnson ; eighth, 1878, W. ,C. . Courtney. This institution succeeded in 1834, to the building formerly oc- cupied by the United States Bank, a large, spacious, substantial two story brick and cemented structure, located on Broad street. Among its officers and directors will be found men more than usually prominent in their sev-» eral vocations, and largely identified with the commercial, mercantile, and manufacturing interests of Charleston, who have always conducted its affairs upon a sound, safe, and conservative policy. This bank has a large vault in the first floor, and also one on the second floor. Tts cashier, Mr. Pringle, is a native of Charleston ; was for six years prior to 1872, engaged in the dry goods trade. In that year he be- came teller in this bank, and in 1880, on the retirement of its then cashier, was promoted to this position. He has fulfilled the duties of that respon- sible office with great credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction and great benefit of its stockholders. He is possessed of rare financial talent, ex- cellent judgment of men, and is, for that position, eminently the right man in the right place. Mr. W. C. Court- ney, the present, is the eighth pres- ident of this institution, and has oc- cupied this position since 1878. Lie is a native of Charleston; until the war was in the wholesale jobbing- hardware business ; after the war was cotton factor, up to the time of assuni- State of South Carolina. 61 ing this position in the bank. He is one of the most widely known and prominent of the public men in Charleston ; commands the confidence, respect and esteem of the community to an unlimited degree ; occupies a high position in the social and com- mercial circles of the State, and poss- esses those qualifications that em- inently fit him for the position he fills in this staunch, reliable, and solid old bank. Under the management of such a board of directors and officers, it is not difficult to understand the success of the bank ; a success demon- strated by its large line of deposit, and .a surplus of an hundred thousand dollars. . W. C. FORSYTHE & SON. Dry Goods, Clothing, Gents’ Fur- nishing Goods. Among those who have gained great popularity, and success in their line of business in Charleston, are Mr. W. C. Forsythe & Son, dealers in dry goods, clothing, gents’ furnishing goods, etc. This business enterprise Avas estab- lished forty years ago, by Mr. W. C. Forsythe, A\dio admitted his son into partnership in 1878, and at his death, which occurred in 1883, Avas succeeded by his son, Mr. S. W. Forsythe, as sole proprietor, the original firm-name being still retained. This establishment enjoys a large and liberal patronage from all classes of the community, and it is not diffi- cult to perceive that the affairs of this house are managed with ability, as eA T ery thing about the establishment gNes evidence of a thorough familiarity Avith every branch of the business. The store is a very fine one, large and commodious, 45 feet front, with a depth of 159 feet, and with tAVO stores throAvn into one ; one side devoted to dry goods, and the other to clothing. The first floor is deAmted to retailing, and the second to piece goods. A large trade, both Avholesale, and retail, and extending OA r er the whole State, is conducted, a stock of over $40,000 being utilized. A force of a dozen experienced assistants is requi- site, in waiting on customers, and fill- ing orders. The store is handsomely fitted up and made attractive Avith the long counters running parallel, which are stocked with large varieties of all kinds and descriptions of goods be- longing to the dry goods trade ; the stock embracing staple and fancy dry goods, both foreign and domestic. In the large assortment can be found dress silks, AA'-oolens, shawls, cloaks, dolmans, upholstery goods, linens, fancy goods, notions, hosiery, trimmings, etc., a multiplicity too varied to enumerate. In the adjoining store, a large stock is kept constantly, of a carefully selected assortment, of all the A r arious articles belonging to the line of gents’ furnish- ing goods, comprising specialties in collars, cuffs, neckAvear, scarfs, fine shirts, and underwear ; which are not surpassed in the city for quality and price. A specialty is made of the “ Diamond shirt,” of which this house is the headquarters. Mr. Forsythe is an energetic, business man, and gHes his personal supervision to every de- partment, and the reputation of the old established house of fort)'- years standing is widely and favorably known in eveiy section of the State. Mr. Forsythe is one of the progressive men of Charleston, and is closely identified with its ad\ T ancement and prosperity. S. LEWIS SIMONS, Surveyor. A large and extensive business is carried on by Mr. S. LeAvis Simons, Avho is Avell known to the whole com- munity in this vicinity. He is spe- cially engaged in business as surveyor and civil engineer, and gives his at- tention to surveying in all its brances. Levelling, drafting, compil- ing, etc., also prospecting for phos- ' pliates. He attends par icularly to G2 City of Charleston. surveys in any part of the country, and upon the most satisfactory terms. Mr. Simons was educated at Charles- ton College, where he received a first- class education. He was for two years with the firm of Simons & Howe, succeeding them in April, 1880, and during the time he has been in business has met with a substantial success. He possesses the best collection of S. C. land papers to be found anywhere, some dating back over two hundred years, and having recently purchased the entire collec- tion of papers, plats, note books, etc., of the late John A. Michel, surveyor, and also the entire interest in the large collection from Mr. W. B. W. Howe, Jr., has greatly increased facili- ties for land surveying. He owns now the entire papers, plats, etc., of the following surveyors: John Dia- mond, R. K. Payne, R. Q. Pinckney, Wm. Hume, John A. Michel, Simons & Howe, together with a three-fourth interest in the Purcell & Parker pa- pers and a large collection of various others, and has special facilities for re- locating old lines. He has altogether from 8,000 to 10,000 plats in the col- lection. Mr. Simons employs three skilled assistants, and is himself a practical business man in the profes- sion in which he is engaged, and will be found fair and honorable in his dealings and prompt in the execution of all orders entrusted to him. Pie is a gentleman who has by abilities of a high order, established a large and steadily growing trade. He is es- teemed by all who know him and is highly regarded for his liberality and public spirit as a business man and citizen. MITCHELL & SMITH, Attorneys and Cousellors at Law. Mr. Julian Mitchell, of the firm of Mitchell & Smith, attorneys and coun- sellors at law, was born at Charleston, graduated at Charleston College in 1855. Read law at Heidelberg during 1858 and 1859. Was appointed and acted as Secretary of Legation, at St. Petersburg. Served in the war be- tween the States, first a staff officer, with General Ripley, then with Gen- eral Doles, and afterward with General Rhodes. From this last position he was detailed for special service by the Secretary of War to South Carolina, acting therein to the close of the war. He was admitted to the bar in 1807, and became a member of the legal firm of Whaley, Mitchell & Clancy, con- tinued this connection for four or five years, then practiced alone for some years, and in 1876 or 1877, formed a copartnership, and organized the firm of Mitchell & Smith, attorneys, &c., having their office at No.31 Broad street. Mr. Henry A. M. Smith, the junior member of the above firm, is also a native of Charleston, where, after hav- ing received his primary education, he graduated at Charleston College, read law in the office of Mr. Edward McCrady, a practitioner of large, ex- tensive and varied practice, and was admitted at a general term of the Su- preme Court in 1872, remained in Mr. McCrady ’s office four or five years, and until the formation of the present firm in 1876 or 1877. They are thor- oughly well read lawyers. Do a gen- eral practice in civil business ; have pleasant, comfortably furnished offices at the above location. r Phey have a large and valuable library, consisting of the State reports, and the standard authors and elementary writers on the various branches of this abstruse sci- ence, digests, statutes, &c. They are professionally retained in some of the most important cases in this city, one of the largest commercial centers of the South, and the metropolis of the State. SMYTH & ADGER, Factors and Commission Merchants. The rapid development made in the mercantile and commercial industries of Charleston, is a matter of rejoicing with its public spirited citizens, and State of South Carolina. 63 the splendid results achieved in this line, are due in a great measure, to the untiring activity and enterprise of her cotton factors and commission merchants. Any class of business men might be spared from Charleston to better advantage than this. It is by means of their capital, their energy, and enterprise that the great staple product of the Southern soil, is so largely collected in this city, held for a favorable market and forwarded to consumers at a much less cost for handling than would be possible un- careful and immediate attention that is given to all consignments, the promptness with which sales are made, and returns forwarded, has won for this house the highest reputation in the mercantile and commercial com- munity of South Carolina. Their business transactions will aggregate many hundreds of thousands of dol- lars annually. The individual members of the firm are J. Adger Smyth, Andrew M. Adger and F. J, Pelzer special partner. They are natives of Charleston, and their RESIDENCE OF F. J. PELZER, ESQ. SEE PAGE 48. der any other system. Among the reliable and enterprising firms engaged as factors and cotton commission mer- chants in this city is that of Smyth <& Adger, located on North Atlantic Wharf, and established by these en- terprising gentlemen in 1874. The facilities, which this house has for the handling of this product, a liberal proportion of which advantages they share with their patrons, has secured to them as large a clientage probably as any similar house in Charleston. Their liberal methods of dealing with both the grower and the consigner, the house having been before the public for ten years, is too well known to need commendation at our hands. In con- clusion it it but just to remark, that the success which has followed the business career of Smyth & Adger is only such as is due to the untiring energy and fair dealing which have characterized all their transactions. Mr. J. Adger Smyth is one of Charles- ton’s most public spirited citizens, tak- ing an active interest in public affairs, is alderman for the 2d -ward, is a pro- minent member of the Masonic frater- nity. Mr. A. M. Adger likewise an 64 City of Charleston. influential member of the community, is secretary and treasurer of the Coo- saw Mining Company. HENRY STEITZ, IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUIT. One of the largest and most promi- nent mercantile establishments in Charleston, and one that adds as much probably to the City’s import- ance as one of the great commercial centres of this country, is that of Mr. Henry Steitz, importer and wholesale dealer in foreign and domestic fruits, apples, oranges, bananas, cocoanuts, lemons, pineapples, potatoes, onions, peanuts, cabbages, &c. This exten- sive store is located on the southeast corner of Meeting and Market streets, and is one of the newer acquisitions to the business interests of the city, its enterprising founder having been from 1856 ’til July 1883 partner in the house of Sebard & Co., at which date he entered into this new venture. It has rapidly gained a prominent position in the front rank among the substantial houses of the city, the proprietor bringing to bear upon its business, sound judgment, tact .and energy, backed by experience and ample capital, which facts have en- abled him to attend to the demands of his trade and to draw around him the large and extensive patronage he now enjoys, coming from throughout South and North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. He is assisted by eight competent clerks, and utilizes three teams in his business. Mr. Steitz is a native of Hesse Cassel, came to the United States and to Charleston in Oc- tober, 1850, has been an eminently successful man, and has the magnani- mity to enjoy life in a manner com- mensurate with his means, has a fine residence, and a farm within the city limits, the farm covering an area equal to sixty-eight city lots. He is a genial, social gentleman, an exem- plary and esteemed citizen, and is one of those wide awake, active, progress- ive merchants who is a credit to the enterprise of the city. THOMAS P. SMITH, McIVER & CO. Factors and Commission Merchants. Prominent among the cotton fac- tors and commission merchants of Charleston, the house . of Thomas P. Smith, Mclver & Co., is worthy of special mention. This house was es- tablished in 1870 by the two senior members of the present firm, who conducted a large and lucrative busi- ness, under the firm name and style of Thomas P. Smith, down to the year 1877, when the firm was strengthened and a fresh impetus given to its busi- ness by the accession of a son of each of the senior proprietors, and the for- mation of the present firm under the name Thomas P. Smith, Mclver & Co. The facilities this house has for the transaction of this line of busi- ness, their liberal method of dealing with the producers of this staple of the South, their promptness in settling and adjusting and closing accounts, State of South Carolina. 65 lias secured to it the handling of a large quantity of the staple of the country. Mr. Thomas P. Smith, the senior proprietor, was born at Georgetown, and before the war was in the dry goods business, as a member of the firm of Naylor, Smith & Co., of Charleston. The other senior propri- pretor, Mr. George W. Mclver, was born in Chesterfield County, and up to the time of the war, was there en- gaged in the dry goods business. They are all members of the Cotton Ex- change, and are recognized as among Charleston’s leading merchants. WM. E. HOLMES, Dealer in Oils and Painting Material. The leading house, and the one representing the largest interest in this line of business in Charleston ing business on his sole account. The premises utilized in this business are spacious ; it is a three-story building, with cellar, is 28x105 feet in dimen- sions, and is provided with every con- venience for the successful prosecu- tion of its extensive trade. He carries a very large stock, comprising paints of all kinds, in quantities to suit, in cans, kegs, barrels or by the pound ; also oils, varnishes, window glass, fur- niture polish, machine oil, roof paints, mixed paints, brushes of all kinds, and a full and general assortment of that class of goods denominated painters’ supplies. He is agent for leather and rubber belting, steam packing &c. The facilities he has for procuring his sup- plies enable him to sell his goods as low as the lowest and yet make a good living profit. His stock is from man- ufacturers and first hands, and induce- ments can be had at this establish- ment that cannot be excelled by any is that of William E. Holmes, suc- cessor to Holmes^ Calder & Co., dealer in oils and painting material, located at No. 203 East Bay. This house was established in 1866 by the last named firm, who, for years, conducted here a large and lucrative business, till in 1876, when its senior proprietor, succeeding to the interests of the junior members of the firm, and has since conducted a most flourish- other in South Carolina. He controls a large, wide-spread custom, extending throughout the State. He gives em- ployment to five clerks, and utilizes two trucks in the business. He is always prompt and earnest in bis en- deavors to meet customers’ demands in a satisfactory manner. Mr. Holmes was born in Charleston, is one of its repre- sentative merchants, and a liberal, public-spirited citizen. He was a 66 City of Charleston. member of the 25th South Carolina Regiment, was the principle part of the time in Virginia, was wounded at Swift Creek, and taken prisoner at Fort Fischer. J. L. HONOUR & CO., Resident Agents of London and Lancashire Fire Insurance Co. No lesson has been more forcibly impressed upon the minds of property- holders in our city, by the great fires, which have periodically occurred, than the necessity of fully insuring in reli- able companies. Among these of Charleston the insurance interest is well represented by J. L. Honour & Co., the resident agents of the Lon- don and Lancashire Fire Insurance Company, which carries valuable in- surance in every town and village in the civilized world, and which has rode unscathed through the most disastrous conflagrations, has total cash assets in the United States $1,285,405.86, (of which $1,177,787 is in United States Registered Bonds), less $276,184 deposits in other States excluded under New 7 York State law, and total liabilities, including reserve for unearned premiums and all claims under New York law, of $617,261.90. The net premiums, written in 1882, amount to no less a sum than $1,024,- 122, while the profit on underwriting in the same year came to the sum of $82,140. The excess of income over all losses incurred and expenditures paid during 1882, was $119,439. These figures show a stability and security unsurpassed, if equalled, in the history of fire insurance. The value of such safety, the merchants and property- holders of Charleston and South Caro- lina, over which the agency extends, have not been slow in appreciating, and have readily, to a large and still increasing extent, availed themselves of the services of this honorable firm, which has been established in Charles- ton since 1867. The partners of the 1 house are Mr. J. L. and Mr. A. M. Honour, who, by reason of their de- tailed knowledge and innate expe- rience of their business, have engrafted themselves into the complete confi- dence of the mercantile community, and enjoy the esteem of the public as private citizens. The senior member, Mr. J. L., took active part in the late civil war, and as a member of the 25th S. C. Regiment, served gallantly on the fields of Virginia in his country’s cause. SALAS & HALL, General Commission Merchants. In one of the great commercial cen- tres of the South, in a port, the finest on the Atlantic seaboard, and through which the staple production of the Southern soil passes, in getting to the mills of the manufacturer and also where is received the varied produce of other and tropical countries to be distributed and transported to the con- suming centres of the continent, the vocation of the general commission merchant is one of the most impor- tant in the line of commerce. One of the oldest, best known and most popular of the firms doing a commis- sion business in this city and one which holds a prominent place not only among the merchants of this country, but whose name has been long favorably received in several of the other commercial markets in the world, is that of Salas & Hall, until lately known as W. P. Hall & Co., whose office is conveniently located on Brown’s Wharf in this city. This house has had a continuous existence since 1847, when it was founded by II. T. & W. P. Hall. In ’51 the name became Hall & Co., which lasted till the outbreak of the civil war. At the conclusion of hostilities Mr. W. P. Hall continued the business alone till 1876, when he took into partnership Mr. Francis P. Salas, who was for a long time his confidential employee, State of South Carolina. 67 having been connected with the firm since 1853. Under the new partner- ship and name of W. P. Hall & Co. The house continued its prosperous career, till the unerring hand of death deprived it of its senior partner on the 28th Sep., ’83. On the 10th Novem- ber following, the present firm with F. P. Salas, Tudor T. Hall, and Mrs. Susan Hall, special, as copartners, was formed to carry on and bring to still greater pre-eminence a business, which stands as an example of what can be acquired by industry, close attention to ones affairs, enterprise, fair dealing aud correct methods of fulfilling ones en- gagements. In cotton alone this house handles from 35 to 40,000 bales in the season, most of which immense quan- tity is exported to one port, that of Barcelona, Spain. As foreign shipping merchants they also export among other staples, rice and naval stores, and as importers handle large quanti- ties of sugar, molasses and the many other products of the fertile soil of the West Indies. The senior member of the house, Mr. Francis P. Salas, is a native of Barcelona, and came to this country the same year as he entered the employ of his predecessors, and during his long residence among the inhabitants of the Palmetto City has made business friends and gained in social circles an esteemed and envied name. He is we need hardly mention a member of the Cotton Exchange and Chamber of Commerce and as a Di- rector of the Bank of Charleston fulfils his duties with his usual financial abil- ity to the satisfaction of depositors and shareholders. The younger member of the firm Mr. T. T. Hall is a son of IT. T. Hall, one of the original founders of the house. He is a native of Darien, Ga,, and well known in mercantile circles as an energetic business man and in the social com- munity as a gentleman. Were perfec- tion a possibility or advancement not a consequence of success we could wish for this house no higher reputa- tion and no greater degree of prosper- ity, than has attended it thro’ itsunany years of commercial activity and while increasing its financial transactions, we are assured, that Salas & Hall will stand by the same strict and honorable methods of doing business that have characterized this house from its ear- liest foundation. G. W. AIMAR & CO. A most reliable house established in the drug business in this city is that of G. W. Aimar & Co., which was founded in 1853, by G. W. Aimar, who was afterwards joined by his bro- ther, Mr. C. P. Aimar, the firm taking the above style and name. Mr. G. W., dying in 1876, some years ago, Mr. C. P. became sole active proprietor of the business and continued to carry it on in its present prosperous condition, under the same name. The store, cen- trally located on the corner of King and Vanderhorst sts , has a frontage of 50, and depth of 60 ft. Interiorly, it is handsomely fitted up with elegant- ly arranged show-cases and counters, attractively and conveniently adapted to the business. In the rear is the laboratory, where the various celebrat- ed specialties produced by the house are made ; among these that have gained popular favor we may mention Aimar ’s Sarsaparilla, Queen’s Delight, Saracene Bitters, etc., also his Preparation of Cologne Water, the truest test of the superior quality of which is, that it took premiums at the S. C. Institute in ’56, and again in ’79 at the fair of tire Agricultural Society of S. C. The stock carried is extensive and includes a complete line of drugs and medicines generally, and all the latest and nicest perfumery, toilet' and G8 City of Charleston. fancy articles, and a full assortment of surgical instruments of best makers. With the prescription department, Mr. Aimar takes special care in compound- ing, and to have the finest and purest drugs, thus insuring the complete con- fidence of his customers. The busi- ness, which receives the patronage of the first families in the city, necessi- tates the employment of three compe- tent and obliging assistants, who promptly attend to the wants of cus- tomers. Mr. Aimar himself, who is a courteous and agreeable gentleman, is a native of Charleston, and during his life has won the respect of all classes in business and social circles. In the profession, he holds an eminent place as member of the American Pharm. Society, and has the honor of being a graduate in Pharmacy of the S. C. Medical College. He is ably assisted by his nephew, Thos. A. Aimar, who has been connected with the store 25 years, and who is also a graduate of S. C. Medical College, and by A. T. Berry, has been employed in the store some 24 years, and he graduated in Pharmacy before the State Exam- ining Board. HENRY OLIVER, Builder. As a first-class contractor and build- er, Mr. Henry Oliver, of Charleston, is a success, having constructed some of the finest buildings in the city, nota- ble among which is that of Mr. Poppen- heim, on the west side of King, near Calhoun street, and that of M. Marks, on the east side of King, four doors from Calhoun, and many other of the handsome structures to be found in the city, owe their beauty of finish, symmetry of form and substantial build, to this gentleman. He is de- voted to his avocation and has given it many years of study, and faithful application. His work is meritorious, ranking with the best produced, and in its completeness of detail, is unsur- passed. He has a commodious shop, fully equipped with all the best, most modern appliances, tools and imple- ments for his business a force of competent, skilled workmen. Car- penter work of all kinds is carefully and skilfully done, plans and specifi- cations are furnished and buildings are erected, in the most approved man- ner, of the best materials, and at the lowest prices consistent with good workmanship. Jobbing is promptly attended to, and estimates for build- ings of all kinds, are cheerfully fur- nished. All orders receive prompt attention, and satisfaction is guaran- teed in every particular. He estab- lished himself in this business in 1872. Mr. Oliver is a native of Charleston, is a progressive, energetic business man, and ranks among the foremost build- ers in the city. C. D. FRANKE, Dealer in Steel, Iron, Carriage, Wagon and Cart Materials. One of the largest, best known, and most popular, mercantile establishments, in Charleston, is that of Mr. C. D. Franke, the only exclusive dealer, in the South, in Steel, Iron, Carriage, Wagon and Cart Materials, of all descriptions. This business, was established, by this enterprising, and progressive gentle- man, in 1872. This house, is located at No. 157 Meeting street, opposite Charleston Hotel, is a brick building, 20x130 feet in dimensions, three sto- ries in height, and all of it is utilized, in the business. The stock carried, is immense, having a representative value, of many thousands of dollars, State of South Carolina. 69 comprising scrap, and bar iron, steel, boilers, hubs, spokes, rims, shafts, poles, bodies, bar, band, round, square and oval irons, spring, plow, and cast steels, Perkins’ horse and mule shoes, horse nails, &c. Among the multifa- rious articles, in which this house deals, and in order that the carriage maker, wheelwright, or truck and cart builder, may not be subjected, to the inconvenience, of going elsewhere, for his supplies, they will here find, a large assortment, of axles, springs, filth wheels, bolts, screws, rivets, tacks, &c., also, malleable castings, and carriage trimmings, of all descriptions, enameled cloths, patent, and enameled leathers. In another department, will be found, harness, umbrellas, whips, &c. He also deals, in paints, varnishes, oils, brushes, &c., is the Agent for the Centennial Fan Blower, tire benders, drills, &c. No material, or article of merchandise, that enters into, or that is used in, the construction, of a wheeled vehicle, or nothing, that is essential to the com- plete, and perfect equipment, of a sin- gle, or double team, of any kind, can be thought of, that cannot be here pro- cured. His trade, is large, and wide- spread, extends throughout South and North Carolina, and into Georgia, and Florida, and Alabama, and calls into requisition, the services of six competent, and obliging assistants. Mr. Frank, is a native of Prussia, came to this country in 1852, and has resid- ed in Charleston, a number of years, where he is well known, and much liked ; he is a substantial merchant, a first-class business man, a genial pleas- ant gentleman, prompt, and reliable, in all his dealings. His house, is a desirable one, with which to have bus- iness relations. ALVIN R. THOMLINSON. Manufacturer and Dealer in Sad- lery Hardware, etc., etc. A representative house, in its line of business, and one that adds to the importance, of Charleston, as the com- mercial centre, of the State, is that of Mr Alvin R, Thomlinson, manufac- turer of saddles, bridles, harness, &c., and dealer in saddlery hardware, leather, &c., and importer of English bits, stirrups, &c. This business, was established by the above named gen- tleman, in 1880. The premises, occu- pied in this business, is a large, three- story brick building, 25x210 feet in dimensions, is thoroughly equipped, with all the necessary implements, and every convenience, known to the trade, in the manufacturing department, of the business. Eighteen hands, find constant employment, in making the orders, on the house. Saddles, bridles, and harness* in endless variety, and of all degrees of finish, made of the best stock, that can be procured, and man- ufacured by the most skilled, and ex- perienced of workmen, is constantly kept on hand, manufactured expressly, by this house for its patrons. It en- joys unsurpassed facilities, for the pro- duction, of its supplies, yet the de- mand, on its resources, are such, that it is with the utmost difficulty that it can meet them. Saddlery hardware, hand forged, and malleable, warranted hand forged bits, and stirrups, of for- eign and domestic manufacture, and all kinds of harness leather, and sad- dlers, &c., harnessmakers, hardware, and supplies, is dealt in, largely by this house. Nothing can be thought of, in the way of manufacturing mate- rial, in this trade, that cannot be found in his stock, and that cannot be here 70 City of Charleston. purchased, as cheap if not cheaper, than at any similar house in the State. His trade, is large, extends through- out South Carolina, having some pat- rons, from Florida, and Georgia. Mr. Thomlinson was born in Charleston, and the high standing, he enjoys, is the result of a business career, charac- terized, by the strictest devotion, to the sound principles, of mercantile integrity. A. M. WILLIAMS & BRO., Job Printing, 70 East Bay. There are few vocations requiring as much intelligence as that of the printer. An excellent establishment, wherein the “ art preservative of arts” is successfully prosecuted, is that of A. M. Williams & Brother, railroad and commercial job printers, book binders and blank book manufacturers, located at No. 70 East Bay. Great advance- ment and progress has been made of recent years, in the perfecting fine presses, in the introduction of hand- some and splendidly proportioned faces of type for general job work, in the making of flourishes and borders, in tint work, &c. All these things have brought out and developed tire taste and skill of the job printer, until now th 3 art calls for the most skilful artisans, and printers of really aesthe- tic taste. An establishment that keeps pace, with the steadily advancing times, turning out the finest and best of job printing, is that named above. The premises occupied by this busi- ness, is a two-story building 25x95 feet in dimensions, well equipped with the best class of printing materials, fine presses, cutters, printing types, cuts, borders, &c., while a corps of compe- tent and experienced printers, and pressmen, are kept constantly em- ployed. Four steam presses, are run by a four horse power engine. Rail- road printing is a specialty. All kinds of book and job printing, are carefully and tastefully done at short notice, and at the lowest prices, also book binding in all its various styles. They also manufacture blank books for banks, counting houses, corporations, com- mercial and mercantile houses, insur- ance companies, &c. Estimates for all work in their line are cheerfully given, and orders by mail promptly executed. The individual members of this firm, are Mr. A. M. Williams and Mr. S. Iv. Williams. The last named gentleman having been paralyzed, the entire management of the business devolves upon A. M. He is one of the most skilled in his line, a thoroughgoing business man, occupying a prominent position in the commercial circles of Charleston, is a public-spirited citizen, occupying a high office in that ancient and time-honored old brotherhood, the Masons, is a Scottish Rite, and one of its most active members. W. C. BEE & CO., Rice and Cotton Factors, and Gen- eral Agents for the Etiwan Phosphate Company. One of the oldest, best known and most conservative house in Charleston engaged in business as cotton and rice factors, is that known under the name of Wm. C. Bee & Co., ivhose counting- house is conveniently located on Adger’s Wharf. This house was es- tablished some thirty years ago by Mr. W. C. Bee, who has since died, and Mr. Theodore D. Jervey, senior mem- ber of the present firm, the other part- ners being Eugene P. and Lewis S. Jervey. They have a very pleasant office and sample room, with excellent light for the examination of the differ- ent samples of produce on sale, at- State of South Carolina. 71 tached — and they are at all times pre- pared to make liberal advances on consignments made to them, and, by strict attention to business, endeavor to give satisfaction to their customers. The firm are likewise agents for the Etiwan Phosphate Company, in which Mr. Eugene P. is a director. This is the Pioneer Company in Charleston in this line of manufacture, and enjoys facilities, for the manufacture of all the various kinds of fertilizers in the pro- duction of which South Carolina ex- to all the ports of the Continent of- Europe, and bids fair to excel in im- portance, and ultimately to add more to the growth and the material pros- perity, and wealth of South Carolina, as an article of merchandise, than that product of its soil, which has hitherto been considered its greatest staple ( cot- ton). Its capital is §300,000. Its plant covers an area of four and a half acres, is at that point of the Cooper River where the first war vessel ever built in this country, the John Adams, was cels, all other States in our country. The timely discovery of the inex- haustible beds of that natural product, the fructifying powers of which, have been greatly increased, and which, through cunningly devised machine- ry, has been reduced to a portable con- dition, and thus has been made one of the most valuable articles of merchan- dise of this section of our country. In its various manufactured forms, it is not only largely transported to every sec- tion of the United States, but is largely exported to the United Kingdom, and launched, and can at their factory wharves, accommodate the largest ves- sels. Their brands are : 1st. “ Floats.” This is a high grade phosphate rock, ground by the celebrated Due Atom- izer into an impalpable powder. 2d. Ash Element — is a combination of Floats, Calcined Marl and Kainit (Pot- ash). 3d. Dissolved Bone. This is their old established brand, and is the ground rock, dissolved by sulphuric acid. 4th. Acid Phosphate. This is Dissolved Bone mixed with Kainit. 5th. Potash Compound. This is rich 72 City of Charleston. in phosphoric acid and potash. 6th. Guano compounded by this Company with phosphoric acid, ammonia and potash. Their trade is large, wide- spread and is constantly growing. Their brands give universal satisfac- tion. The officers of this solid and progressive old Company are : Presi- dent, C. G. Memminger ; Superinten- dent, Caspar A. Chisolm. Its directors are Robert Adger, Eugene P. Jervey, C. A. Chisolm, A. J. McCaughrin. Al- lard Memminger, chemist; Norman W. Smith, general travelling agent. This company was the first to intro- duce Due’s Mechanical Atomizer, a machine simple in its construction, than which nothing equal could be devised for the rapid and effective pul- verization of rock, and all refractory substances into an impalpable powder of even grade of fineness. Under the wise and judicious management of its able and efficient officers directors, this enterprise has proved a most gratifying financial venture to its stockholders, and of all the manufacturing compa- nies of the South there are none that are more intimately connected with the interest of this community, or that has enjoyed a career uniformly more prosperous than the Etiwan Phosphate Company of Charleston, South Caro- lina. Dr. ATMAR SMITH, Dentist, 307 King Street. Oi;c of the most popular representa- tive dentists, in Charleston, is Dr. At- mar Smith, whose rooms, are located, at No. 307 King street. He studied, with an old and eminent practitioner, Dr. B. A. Muckenfuss, nearly three years, and graduated, at the Philadel- phia Dental College, in Feb., 1876, and has since practiced in Charleston. He is widely known, throughout the city, and its vicinity, as a careful, and reli- able dentist, and numbers among his patrons, many of the best families of the place. He has every facility, and appliance, for the painless extraction of teeth, which, in connection, with his .recognized skill, has gained for him, an enviable reputation. Dr. Smith is equally proficient, in the me- chanical, or the surgical branch of his profession, and fills teeth, and makes them to order, in the most satisfactory manner. He is highly esteemed, in the community, and is respected, not . alone for his professional attainments, but for his high qualities, as an hon- orable gentleman, and upright citizen. In connection with his practice he is the Proprietor of the Charleston Dental Depot, which is growing rapidly under his management. C. C. PLENGE, Hats and Cigars. In 1871, Mr. C. C. Plenge, one of the most enterprising, and progressive, of Charleston’s business men, added his two houses, to the mercantile indus- tries, of this city, and now occupies, a leading position, in two important branches, of trade, viz: the hat, and the segar. His building in an attrac- tive, substantially built edifice, eligi- bly located, on the corner of Broad and Church streets. The corner store, which is 25x36 feet, in dimensions, utilized for the hat business,' is hand- 1 somelv fitted up, with inclosed cases, ample shelf room, plate glass windows, high ceiling, is light and cheerful. The stock, is complete in every detail, embracing a choice assortment of Dunlap’s celebrated Fifth Avenue hats, this gentleman, being the Charleston agent, of that almost world renowned . hatter. He also makes fine silk hats, to order, at short notice, and which are guaranteed as to quality and fit. In felt and silk goods, his stock, is unexcelled. Hats, and caps, of all kinds, sizes, and styles, are provided, to suit all classes, and at popular prices. He gives em- ployment, to two competent hands His trade, is large, coming from all parts, of the city, he is extensively pa- State of South Carolina. 73 tronizecl, by the genteel and elite, of the place, who coesider their outfit, incomplete unless crowned, with a tile, from Plenge the fashionable hatter. Adjoining this hat emporium, this en- terprising gentleman, in 1880, estab- lished one of the most inviting cigar stores, to be found in the city, which is tastefully, and admirably fitted up, is amply provided, with handsome shelving, finely finished counters, and beautifully mounted, show cases, and is stocked with a great variety, of the choicest, and most noted brands, of imported cigars, also the best grades of domestic cigars, cigarettes, fine chewing and smoking tobaccos, snuffs, and and tobacco boxes, cigar tubes, briar wood pipes, some of the purest and most beautifully carved meer- schaum pipes, and cigar holders, and as large, valuable and varied an as- sortment, of smokers supplies and fan- cy goods, as can be found, in any es- tablishment, of the kind, outside of the city of New York. Mr. A. Beaurie Betancourt has the supervision of this branch of the business, is an agreeable, pleasant, sociable man, is a connois- seur, in all goods, made from the fra- grant weed, and is in such a house, eminently the right man, in the right place. Mr. Plenge, the proprietor, is a native of Prussia, came to this country in 1465. He is a genial man, a plea- sant conversationalist, understands thoroughly, every detail of the two lines of business, in which he is en- gaged, is a staunch, reliable merchant, and an esteemed citizen. He caters, to a first class trade, and does a lucra- tive business. JOHN SOMERS BUIST, Physician. Among the representative physi- cians, of Charleston, and one of its most prominent, and public spirited citizens, is John Somers Buist, M. D. He is of Scotch-French descent, was born in Charleston, in 1839, where af- 6 ter obtaining his rudimentary educa- tion, he entered the Charleston College, from which institution, famous, for the great learning, and high attainments, of its faculty, in all the branches of science, literature, and philosophy, and for the high standard, of its scholar- ship, he graduated in 1859, with the 3d honor of his class. Then, entering the South Carolina Medical College, and sedulously pursuing, his profes- sional studies, and bending the ener- gies, of a mind, endowed with extra- ordinary natural gifts, to the accjuisi- tion of a thorough knowledge, of the science of Surgery, and Materia Medica, he graduated, from this institution , in 1861, bearing off the 1st honors, from a large number of competitors. The war, between the States, breaking out this year, he entered the Confederate Army, as Assistant Surgeon, in Hamp- ton’s Legion, in Virginia, he was in 9-10ths of all the famous battles, twen- ty-three in all. In 1863, he was pro- moted, to the position of Chief Sur- geon, with the rank of Major, serving as such, to the end of the war. In 1865, he commenced practice in Charleston, making Surgery a special-, ty, and in which he has been eminent- ly successful, performing among many other, difficult operations, in this line of practice, the marvelous one, of re- moving the upper jaw, of a child, nine years of age, (reported in Transactions of Medical Society, of South Carolina). He took an active part, in the forma- tion of the Health Department, in Charleston, and was the prime mover, in the re-organization, of the Charles- ton Hospitals. Was from 1870 to 1873, Assistant Professor of Materia Medica, in South Carolina Medical College, was Clinical Lecturer, at Charleston City Hospital, during the sessions of South Carolina Medical College. Physician in chief to City and Roper’s hospitals. Physician to U. S. Marine hospital. AVas physician, to State Orphan Asylum, and tempo- rary physician to Ursuline Convent. AVas acting president, of Municipal 74 City of Charleston. Board of Health. Is president, of South Carolina Medical Society, was three years recording secretary of the S. C. Med. College, and two years its corresponding secretary. Has been a valued contributor, to Medical jour- nals. Is the author of several publi- cations, exhibiting great learning, and research, and profound knowledge of the science of medicine, among them may be named, one on Abdominal Rupture, another on treatment of “ Fracture of Thigh,” and several ar- ticles on “ Guinea W orm.” In 1882, entered a report, to the Legislature of South Carolina, on Construction of Abattoirs, and Method of Preserving Health Food. An ardent lover, of the great science, of medicine, of philan- thropic heart, a public spirited citizen, an indefatigable worker, untiring in his efforts, to promote every benefi- cient measure, and to disseminate a knowledge of this curative science, co- piously endowed, with ability, the power of application, and energy, he has wrought, as much good, to the people, of his State, as any man in it, and has attained an eminence, in his profession, second to no physician in the Commonwealth. EDISTO PHOSPHATE COMPANY. J. B. E. Sloan, Treasurer and Gen- eral Agent. In reviewing the various enterprises that are destined to make Charleston one of the chief centres of business in the country, it is interesting and in- structive to note the advances that have been made, in each of the repre- sentative industries, and to ascertain the results that have been achieved by energy and capital. The timely dis- covery of the inexhaustible phosphate beds, in the immediate vicinity of Charleston, has materially added to the resources and commercial impor- tance of the city. It has also served to revive and renew lands that by constant use were considered worth- less, thus proving, not only a source of wealth to many miners, but a blessing to the farmers and planters throughout the country. It is particularly within the scope of this work, to enter into details of the various industries of the coun- try, and to portray to the inter- ested reader, the facts of the rise and progress of each separate enterprise. The subject of this sketch, the Edisto Phosphate Company, was organized in February, 1881, for the purpose of Mining and Manufacturing Fertilizers, with a capital of two hundred thou- sand dollars, all of which has been paid in. The works are near the city on Shipyard Creek, Cooper river, with a capacity of 20,000 to 26,000 tons an- nually, and are connected by rail with all the Railroads, running to and from Charleston, and have all facilities, in- cluding steam power, at their wharves, for loading and unloading cargoes, and easy water communication, with the city. This Company employ, at their works from fifty to an hundred hands, and produce in large quanti- ties, grades of the following well known and standard commodities in their line : Edisto Acid Phosphate, Edisto Acidulated Rock or Dissolved Bone, Edisto Ash Element, Edisto Ammoniated Fertilizer, Edisto Ground Rock, Duncan’s Phosphate, And manufacture special brands to order, and are also extensive importers and large dealers in German Kainit. The high standard of their analysis, together with the excellent mechani- cal condition of their goods, and their uniformity, have, in the short period of its existence, established a first class reputation for their products. The ex- cellent facilities it has for handling, shipping, and inland transportation, combined with their high reputation, enables them to compete® most success- fully, with all rival companies. Its trade is large and wide-spread, extend- State of South Carolina. 75 ing throughout the United States. Among its officers and directors, will be found the names of well known gentlemen, prominently identified with the mercantile, commercial and manufacturing interests of the city, who have always conducted its affairs, upon a sound, safe and conservative policy. The president of this Com- pany is Mr. T. R. McGahan, one of South Carolina’s prominent and suc- cessful merchants, and the resident proprietor, head, and manager of the Charleston branch of the great Dry Goods firm, of Edwin Bates & Co. Its Treasurer and General Agent, Col. J. B. E. Sloan, also holds a prominent position, in the first rank of Charles- ton’s representative merchants, being the Senior member of the firnuof J. B. E. Sloan & Son, Cotton Factors and General Commission Merchants, and also representing his ward in the board of Aldermen. Mr. W. B. Chisolm, its superintendent is an energetic and en- terprising citizen, has a thorough knowledge of all the details of the business of this Company at their works, and is, in this position, eminent- ly the right man, in the right place. The directors, of this Company, are the following well known prominent citizens, and merchants, Mr. B. F. Grayton, of Anderson, S. C., and Messrs. Charles T. Lowndes, C. P. Poppenheim and Langdon Cheves, of this city. Under the supervision of such officers and directors, the signal success, this Company has achieved in its brief existence, becomes readily accounted for, and under the same management, a future of equal pros- perity, and usefulness seems as cer- tainly assured. ANNA C. GRAVER, Grocer and Liquor Dealer, 536 King St., Cor. of Reid. This business was established many years before the war by John H. Gra- ver, who at his death, ten years ago, was succeeded by his nephew, John Graver, the kind and affectionate hus- band of the present owner. He con- ducted a prosperous trade till his death, in July, 1882, leaving a large stock to his wife, Mrs. Anna C. Graver, who, by her practical business tact, and aid of an efficient and reliable head clerk, Mr. Heinrich Witt, has suc- ceeded in entirely paying for. She occupies a spacious building 25 feet by 100 in extent, fitted up and well adapted to the business, located at 536 King street, cor of Reid. The stock, averaging from $6000 to $8000, con- tains a first-class selection of choice groceries, canned goods, pure unadul- terated teas and coffees, the best brands ' of flour, a varied assortment of sauces and condiments, also smoked meats and salt fish, and the finest qualities of table butter, and in fact every- thing ordinarily found in a first- class grocery store. In the liquor department, is a choice and care- fully selected stock of foreign and domestic wines, brandies, gins, etc.,., and also Bourbon and Rye Whiskies, of which the proprietress supplies a. large trade. She also has a good sup- ply of domestic ales, porter, lager beer,, etc., of superior excellence. Mrs. Gra- ver’s is recognized as the leading es- tablishment in the upper wards, where it is located, and enjoys a large cus- tom, both wholesale and retail, extend- 76 City of Charleston. ing throughout the city and country. Three competent assistants are em- ployed attending to the demands of the many patrons, and a wagon is also a part of the establishment. Mrs. Graver keeps her stock up to the full standard, and is constantly receiving something new and desirable, making a specialty of Ferry’s celebrated hams and other meats, selling at low prices, and always giving full weight and measure, has gained a substantial reputation for her liberal and correct methods of doing business. She is a native of Charleston, and has by her courteous manner gained many valu- able friends, who count her a useful member of society and public-spirited lady. Could she collect the many debts due to her esteemed husband, she would be not only well off, as she is, but really wealth}^. TITE MERCANTILE AGENCY. R. G. Dun & Co. There is no object of greater im- portance to the business community, than a perfected system for the pro- tection by means of a thorough meth- od of investigation into the merits of parties to a contract. In the interests of justice, giving to the business com- munity protection from fraud, and the opportunity for a knowledge of those, whose affairs bring them together, the more complete the system, the greater the perfection and the more extended the territory embraced, the greater the number benefited. In the front rank among the few organizations instituted with this object in view stands the mercantile agency of R. G. Dun & Co., which was established in New York in 1841, and is thus the oldest concern of the kind in the country. They have over 100 branches in the prin- cipal cities of the United States and Canada, as well as efficient connections in Europe. The Charleston branch was established in 1853, when the firm was known by the name of B. Douglas. Since 1870 it has been under the man- angement of Mr. John E. Holmes, a gentleman of experience in the busi- ness, and well known to the merchants and manufacturers of this section. From the Charleston office the agen- cies at Atlanta and Savannah are ruled, the exigencies of the territory directed by Mr. Holmes, requiring the services of fourteen experienced assistants, six of whom are stationed in this city. During his incumbency the business of these offices has shown such a de- gree of usefulness and efficiency as to cause the agency to have a largely in- creased patronage, and to place it be- fore the business community, as one of the steadfast institutions of this sec- tion. One of the secrets of success earned by this concern, is the thorough and systematic way in which their reports are compiled. Each office sends out its travelling reporters over its entire district, at least twice each year; these men who are trained to the business visit every cross road, town and county seat m the county, and ascertain on the ground by per- sonal examination the status and con- dition of trades. As an example of the correctness and thoroughness of the work, it might be stated that on the 12th November, 1883, Mr. Flolmes was burned completely out, and two days later had in his temporary office, on ITayne street, a duplicate copy for the district. Mr. Holmes, who personally attends to the details of the several depart- ments in his territory, is a man of strict business principles, and socially a valued citizen. He entered the com- pany’s employ in 1867, at Baltimore, remaining there three years. The firm likewise transacts a large law and col- lection business. It is gratifying to learn that the business is patronized by nearly every banker, merchant and manufacturer in the two States, and it certainly in- vites the support of those who transact a business wherein credit is given and obtained. State of South Carolina. 77 The finest, and most elegantly finished, and equipped, mercantile establish- ment, in Charleston, or indeed in South Carolina, is the Jewelry Palace, of Mr. John McElree, located at No, 254 King street. It has large, massive French plate glass windows, is 24x80 in dimensions. In the windows, is a most at- tractive display, of some of its rich, and valuable stock. The interior, has most elaborately finished counters, of mahogany, or some dark, rich wood, and the Avails, are lined with elaborately, and beautifully finished, upright show-cases, of the same wood. The largest, most complete, and valuable stock of goods, to be found in the Southern States, is carried by this house, embrac- ing fine gold, and silver Avatches, of the varions makes, diamonds, jewelry of all kinds, beautiful clocks, fine silver, and silver plated wares, chains, lockets, bracelets, eye glasses, opera glasses, spectacles, gold headed walking sticks, fine cutlery, and a great variety of fancy goods. The specialties of this house, are the Palmetto watch, an accurate time-piece, solid gold watch cases, gold filled cases, coin silver cases, the Waterbury watch ($3 each, a Avonder), the peep o’day alarm clock, ($2 each, warranted), walnut, one-day strike clocks, (84 each, a bargain), walnut, eight-day strike clocks, (85 each, worth double), McElree’s standard silver plated spoons, forks, &c., $1.35 to $2.50 per set, (will wear ten years), LeMarc’s rock crystal spectacles (never break), McElree’s treble silver spoons, forks, &c., $2.25 to $4.50 per set (will wear 25 years). King’s celebrated combination spectacles (never break), eighteen karat gold wedding rings, $1.25 per dwt. Sterling silver spoons, or forks, $1.75 per oz, rolled gold jewelry direct from manufacturers. Rhine stone brilliants, equal to diamonds. This house carries a full line of Saauss watches, cased in nickel, silver, or gold, sizes suitable for boys, ladies, or gentlemen, which it sells at A T erv low figures. T hose desiring to purchase, Avill be provided with price list, and may order, any kind of Avatch, they may want, whether made in this country, or Europe, perfect satisfaction is guaranteed, or money returned. In the way of clocks, this house sells none, but the best, warrants every clock, one year, and sell at a very small margin, of profit. In the way of silver plated hollow AA’are, this house has by far the largest stock, of any in the Southern States, comprising every article, manufactured both for ornament and use, of the very best quality, each piece having the manufacturers’ stamp, on it, and which are here sold, at prices 25 per cent, under other dealers in the city. There is also always kept, in stock, at this establishment, a fine assortment of sterling silver ware, including all the latest patterns, in spoons and forks, also, butter knives, sugar shells, berry spoons, oyster, cream, or soup ladles, fruit knives, jelly spoons, napkin rings card cases, match boxes, &c., Avhich are sold by the piece, and at very Ioav prices 78 City of Charleston. In the way of special goods, there can here be found, as complete an assort- ment, as in any establishment, outside of the city of New York, and at prices, that cannot fail, to suit the most economical. Mr. McElree, also gives special attention, to repairing and cleaning jewelry, watches, and clocks, employing none, but the most thoroughly skilled, and practical workmen. All work is done, in the best and most satisfactory man- ner. The stock carried, by this house, is immense, has a representative value of fifty thousand dollars. The trade is large, and wide spread, and beside numbering among its patrons, the first citizens of Charleston, extends throughout the South. ITe gives employment to six competent and obliging assistants. Mr. John McElree, is a native of Ireland, came to this country in 1865, and commenced business on his own account the same year. He is a live, enterprising, and straight-forward business man, prompt and reliable in all his dealings, is thoroughly posted in the business in which lie is engaged, knows how to cater to the demands of a first class custom. To his energy and perseverance, is due the success, with which he has met. H. STEENKEN. Wheelwright and Blacksmith. In none of the mechanical indus- tries has there been made within the last few years greater improvement than in that of the building of wag- ons, trucks, drays, carts, &c. An enter- prising establishment of this kind is that located at 286 Meeting street, op- posite the South Carolina Railroad workshops, instituted by Mr. Steenken, a native of Oldenburg, Germany, who came to this city in February 1st, 1849, and worked at the famous Ornamental Iron Works with Mr. Werner for four years ; was also employed for five years at the machine shops of the South Carolina Railroad Company. On the 15th of October, 1859, he com- menced the above business. The shop where the repairing of wag- ons, carriages, buggies, and general blacksmithing is done, has its entrance on Meeting street ; dimensions, 30x60 feet, and is supplied with all the mod- ern appliances used in this extensive business, and the large force of skilled workmen that are at all times actively engaged, denotes the magnitude and prosperity of this great enterprise. The rear building, 30x70 feet in dimen- sions, is utilized as a paint shop, and is also complete in every detail. Com- petent and first-class artists are engaged | in lettering, striping and painting ve' hides of all description, using the best maierial. All work guaranteed, and finished in first-class style, at reason- able prices. Mr. Steenken was the first in this city to introduce what is now widely known as the goose neck truck, so constructed that it can be turned in short order, and in a very small space, which gives it superior advantage over the old style ; they are in great demand throughout the city. These and all other productions, form the best evidence of the skill, energy and prosperity of this establishment. Mr. Steenken is also licensed manu- facturer of the patent Otis’ locked coal cart ; also maker of Rice’s plan- tation implements, which can be had at short notice. This gentleman is a prominent member of the South Caro- lina Agricultural Society, also an active one in the Pioneer Corps of the German Artillery, and an honorary member of the German Fusiliers of this city, and is regarded as a valuable artisan and influential citizen. MILLINGS & CO., Furniture Dealers. For many years this house has been well and favorably known in S. C., as a leading one in its line of trade, and the products of the establishment have been considered first class in State of South Carolina. 79 every respect and such as should be produced by skilled workmen under the direction of a master hand. The house was founded in 1868, by R. C. Millings, who, for six years, carried on a successful business alone. In ’74, he took in Mr. Livingston, the firm name becoming Millings & Livingston. In ’79, it took the style of Millings & Norris, and a year later that of Mil- lings & Co. In ’81, Mr. Millings took his two sons into partnership, and still continues the lucrative trade, he has all along enjoyed. The warehouses, centrally located at 138 and 140 Meet- ing st., opposite Pavilion Hotel, consist of a spacious three-story brick build- ing, 40x70 ft., and contain furniture of all kinds, from strong kitchen chairs and tables, to the most comfortable and elaborate parlor and library suits, and most chaste and highly ornament- ed drawing-room ottomans, card, side- tables, etc. Their factory, located at 442 King st., is fitted up with every convenience for turning out the best quality of work. The celebrated Hampton Couch, which has met with so much favorable comment and pat- ronage, is kept on hand, and made to order. They also manufacture lounges, mosquito-frames, and matresses, all equally in demand, as being of supe- rior comfort, strength, finish and adap- tation to their several uses. They are agents for and always keep in stock, a great variety of the best nickel-plated show-cases. The business necessitating the em- ployment of eight competent hands, including four experienced and skilled mechanics, is annually increasing, and extends to every town and village of the State. Mr. Millings came to Charleston in 1857. In the community he holds a high standing, as a gentle- man, and by giving his close attention to the details of business with which he is so familiar, he has gained a well merited success. He is ably seconded in the duties incumbent upon such a growing concern by his sons and part- ners, Mr. E. C. & Mr. F. C. Millings, of Charleston, and therefore, well and fa- vorably known to the whole commu- nity, both as valuable members of the social circle and important factors in mercantile life. EDMONDS T. BROWN & CO., 43 Hayne Street, Wholesale Deal- ers in Men’s, Boy’s, Ladies’, Miss- es’ and Children’s Hats, Caps, Straw Goods, Umbrellas, Para- sols, &c. Among the oldest, most prominent, and widely known houses, in Charles- ton, engaged in its line of trade, is that of Mr. Edmonds T. Brown & Co., wholesale dealers, in Men’s, Boys’, Misses’ and Children’s, hats, caps, straw goods, umbrellas and parasols, flowers, wreaths, &c. This house, was established, by Mr. F. D. Fan- ning forty-nine years ago. Mr. Brown, the Senior proprietor, of the present house, and a Mr. W. B. Steadman, becoming partners, with Mr. Fanning, the business ivas conducted, under the firm name, and style, of Fanning & Co. In 1868, Messrs. Fanning A Steadman, retired from business, and so City of Charleston. under the sole proprietorship, of Mr. Brown, a prosperous and lucrative business, was continued down to 1878, when Mr. Henry P. Foster, becom- ing a partner, the present firm, of E. F. Brown & Co., was formed. The premises, occupied by this firm, is a large four-story brick building, 30x 100 feet in dimensions, located at No. 43 Hayne street. The stock, carried in the several departments, is large, full, and complete. The gentlemen, comprising this firm have had a long experience, in this line of business, and possess a thorough knowledge of, the wants, and requirements of the Southern trade. They, are earnest and indefatigable in their efforts to please, their patrons. Their supplies, are purchased direct, from first hands, are carefully selected, for a first class trade, and inducements are offered at this establishment, that cannot be had at any other house, in its line, in South Carolina. Their stock, is large, having a representative value, of twenty-five thousand dollars. Their trade will aggregate many thousands of dollars,' annually. They give em- ployment to nine competent assistants, and utilize a dray. Have five or six men, on the road. Their patrons, come from throughout South Carolina, and some from Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina. Mr. Brown was born in Charleston, Mr. Foster is a native of South Carolina, has lived all his life in Charleston, where they are well and favorably known, as honorable and successful business men, and good and useful citizens. CHAFEE & O’BRIEN, Wholesale Grocers, 205 East Bay Street. A representative firm, in wholesale groceries, is that of Chafee & O’Brien, whose house, is located at No. 205 East Bay. It was established many years since, by W. FI. Chafee, who was suc- ceeded by Wm. IT. Chafee & Co., and they, by the present proprietors. They carry a large, and valuable stock, and do an extensive business, throughout the State, in choice groceries, foreign and domestic fruits, wines and liquors, of the oldest, best and most celebrated vintages, London and Dublin ales and stouts, &c., which are supplied to the trade, at the lowest New York prices. A commodious, three-story brick build- ing, 75x175 feet in dimensions, is oc- cupied, with basement, all devoted, exclusively to the business. Six com- petent and experienced assistants, are employed in the store, four teams, are utilized, in delivering goods, at the various railroad stations, and piers, and at the stores, of the local patrons. They keep one man, on the road. The gentlemen, composing the firm, are Mr. Wm. H. Chafee, and Mr. T. S. O’Brien, the senior proprietor, is a native of Baltimore, the junior, of Ire- land, and both have been identified with the business of Charleston for over thirty years. They are wide- awake, enterprising, have had long experience, and are thoroughly ac- quainted, with every detail of the busi- ness. They are, prompt and reliable dealers, and their house, is so man- aged, and conducted, as to be a credit, to the commercial and mercantile in- terests of the largest city, of the State. State of South Carolina. 81 JAMES M. SEIGNIOUS, Cotton Factor and General Com- mission Merchant, Brown’s Wharf. Among the numerous firms carry- ing on a cotton factorage and commis- sion business in Charleston, that of James M. Seignious deserves special mention. Mr. Seignious was formerly of the house of Sloan & Seignious, which carried on a prosperous busi- ness from 1870 till 1881, when it dis- solved bjr mutual consent. Since then he has continued alone and has in- creased his engagements till he now ranks as one of the city’s most enter- prising, progressive and rising mer- chants. His office is conveniently located on Brown’s Wharf, in the very center of the cotton business of Charles- ton, the sample room attached having a good light for the close examination of cotton staple. He lias accounts with many of the leading growers throughout South Carolina and Geor- gia, and makes liberal advances on consignments, and parties who do business with the house will find Mr. Seignious attentive to and quick in fulfilling their wants. His detailed experience renders him most fit to at- tend to all the details of the business, which necessitates the employment of a number of skilled and competent assistants, who are, like their master, courteous and polite to all callers. By his strict and correct methods in all transactions, Mr. Seignious has gained the confidence of many patrons, and holds an envied place in mercantile circles. Outside of cotton he takes a deep interest in many lead- ing industrial enterprises of the State; is one of the original stockholders of the Atlantic Phosphate Company, Union Press Company, Charleston Bagging Factory, and other compa- nies of like magnitude. He com- menced business in the office of the Charleston Daily News soon after the close of the civil war. In 1868 he ac- cepted the responsible position of teacher in one of the large institutes of the city. This he resigned a year later to accept the position of cash and journal book-keeper of the First Na- tional Bank. In 1870 he left their employ to enter the arena of mercan- tile life, for which his training and desire suited him, and in which he has since made himself prominent, bringing to bear on all his dealings and business methods, an executive, promptness and absolute correctness, as well as carrying out the honorable name which has always characterized the ancient Carolinian families, which, on the paternal side, trace their descent to the French Huguenots, and on the maternal to the English Cavalier — of which he is the descendant. He takes an active interest in and is an influ- ential member of the Democratic par- ty of the State. He served as delegate to the State Convention in 1880, and has several times refused nomination for State legislator and alderman of the city, his increasing business en- gagements demanding his undivided attention. Pie rendered valuable service to the Confederate Government, during the late civil war. He was born in Charles- ton, and is therefore well and favor- ably known in social life. He married the daughter of F. J. Pelzer, the head of the well known cotton firm of Pel- zer, Rodgers & Co., a lady whose ac- complishments have given her a place as one of the figures of Carolina society. RUTLEDGE & YOUNG, Counsellors at Law. One of the eminent, successful, and widely known lawyers of the State of South Carolina is Mr. B. H. Rutledge, of the firm of Rutledge & Young, located at 26 Broad street, Charleston. 82 City of Charleston. He was born in Sumter County, and received his early education there, and afterward graduated from Yale College with distinction and honor. He studied law with Mr. J. L. Petigru, and was admitted to practice in the Courts of the State at Columbia, S. C., in 1852. He afterwards became a partner in the firm of Whaley & Rutledge. He practiced his profession up to the troublous times just before the breaking out of the war. He was a member of the Secession Convention of South Carolina, and left the con- vention at the inception of hostilities to take command as Captain of the Charleston Light Dragoons, and emerged from the war as Colonel of his regiment. In October, 1865, he formed his present partnership. He is a successful practitioner and holds a prominent rank among the members of the legal profession in the State, being a prompt, active, reliable busi- ness man, who has established a per- manent reputation and gained the confidence of the whole community by the able, efficient and correct man- ner in which he conducts his profes- sional duties. He possesses a thor- ough knowledge of legal jurispru- dence, and is a gentleman of high character and sound judgment, and exerts a large influence in this portion of the State. Although chiefly en- gaged with his professional duties, General Rutledge has taken active part in all the political contests in the State since the war — lias been a mem- ber of many conventions, was Con- gressional Elector for this Congres- sional District in 1868, and was a member of the Legislature for two terms. The individual members of this firm are Mr. Benjamin Huger Rutledge, and Mr. Henry Edward Young. Mr. Rutledge was appointed Brigadier General of State Y olunteers in 1876; subsequently made Major General and resigned in 1882. The junior member of the firm, is one of the well known and popular residents of Charleston ; became asso- ciated with Mr. Rutledge in the prac- tice of the law in Charleston in 1865, and during these many years they have served the public professionally with honor and dignity, and have rendered efficient services, and won the confidence of the people, by their upright, honorable, and manly course. Mr. Young was born in the vicinity of Charleston, and graduated with honor and distinction from Charleston College in 1850. He then went abroad and studied for over three years in Berlin, graduating as Dr. Utr. Jur. (L.L.D) in 1854. He continued bis studies at home for one year under the late James L. Petigru, and was admit- ted at Columbia January, 1856, and continued in the active practice of his profession until the war. He held the position of Captain and Assistant Ad- jutant General on the staff of General Drayton, Major-General Jones and Lieutenant-General Longstreet, and filled on General R. E. Lee’s staff, the position of Major and Judge Advocate General. Mr. Young is thoroughly proficient and conversant with the law, and enjo}^ a high distinction as one of the foremost of the leading, influential, skilled practitioners of the State. He is prompt and attentive to his professional duties, and during his business career has made many friends, and has become popular, both as a professional man and a citizen. S. A. NELSON & CO., Wholesale Dealers in Boots and. Shoes. One among the many large, import- ant and extensive mercantile estab- lishments, in Charleston, is that of the Messrs. S. A. Nelson & Co., wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, located at No. 23 Hayne street. This house was established by its present proprietors in 1875. The building is a large four- story brick structure 30x110 feet in dimensions, all of which is utilized in this business. The stock is large, full State of South Carolina. S3 and complete, having a representative value of thirty thousand dollars. In it will be found everything, of all qualites and styles, for men, women, misses and children, including men’s fine and coarse boots, also heavy and fine boots, gaiters, &c. The trade done by this establishment is large, extend- ing throughout South Carolina and Georgia, and calling into requisition the services of six competent assist- ants, to attend to the wants of their patrons. The gentlemen constituting this firm are Mr. Samuel A. Nelson, and Mr. Lewis A. Nelson. The former is a native of Massachusetts, and came to South Carolina eighteen years ago. The latter was born in Charleston. They are thorough-going business men, are perfectly conversant with all the details and requirements of their line of trade, give careful at- tention to the wants of their patrons, and are esteemed, both as merchants and citizens. E. AV. PERCIVAL, Manufacturer of Doors, Sashes, Blinds, etc. The building interests of this section of the country occupy a most impor- tant place, amongst its material re- sources, and all these enterprises con- tingent upon the prosperity of the building trade, conserve, in a marked degree the industry, which called them into existence. Of such, none are more useful to the community, than those concerned in the manufac- ture of doors, sash, blinds, etc. En- gaged in this line of trade, the house of E. W. Percival is well known. Mr. Percival established himself six years ago, and by an energetic manner of doing business, has placed himself in the front rank in his line in the South- ern States. His premises, spacious and well arranged, have a frontage on Meeting st. of 180 ft., and extend 143 back. The factory, 80x100 ft. in ex- tent, is large and furnished with the I best and latest machinery for execut- ing the work, an engine of 25 horse- power being called into requisition. Besides that, capacious lumber sheds are utilized for storage of the varied, and first-class well-seasoned stock, which is being constantly replenished. On the ground is likewise a comforta- ble and well appointed office. The firm manufactures sashes, doors, 84 City of Charleston. blinds, mouldings, matchings, newel posts, and in fact, everything con- structed of wood, that may be required in the building industry, the services of from 50 to 70 experienced hands being necessary to fill the constant and ever renewing demands for their work. Mr. Percival has a large and rapidly increasing trade extending not only to every town and village of S. C., but into the neighboring States of Ga., Fla., and N. C. He takes con- tracts for putting in the wood-work of a house, or number of houses. The facilities enjoyed by the con- cern are not easily duplicated. In the first place, the proprietor gives his attention to, and possesses that know- ledge of all details of the business, which can only be so thoroughly ob- tained by long experience and close application. Again, the facilities of transport are such, as are comprised in the fact, that the railroad is in close proximity with the yard, so that load- ing may be done with dispatch. With these advantages, it is apparent that that Mr. Percival is in every way pre- pared to compete, in all points, with any contemporary house in the State, and we can assure our readers that they will find the business of the firm, conducted on those principles of fair- ness and integrity, that will redound in all instances to the advantage of all concerned. Socially, Mr. Percival is a well known and popular member of the community, of which he is a na- tive. He is represented on the road by Mr. Jas. N. Parramore, whose knowledge of business specially fits him to his duties as a trustworthy salesman. A. McCOBB, Jr., General Commission Merchant and Dealer in Lime, Cement, etc. The building industries of a com- munity add more directly and appre- ciably to the growth and material prosperity, and contribute more to the importance of the localities where they are established, than any of the ‘ varied business ventures in which men engage. That class of merchants who deal in that kind of merchandise, that is indispensably requisite and necessary to the construction of our habitations, is indisputably entitled to our highest consideration, as most im- portant factors in the development of the resources of our country. The largest and most extensive house in Charleston, engaged in its line of busi- ness is that of A. McCobb, Jr., dealer in lime, cement, plaster paris, also land plaster and eastern hay. This business was established shortly after the close of the war, and has gradu- ally and steadily grown, till it has at- tained greater proportions than any other house of the kind in Charleston. The premises utilized in this business, is a spacious store located at No. 130 East Bay, which, aside from that portion occupied by baled hay, is filled to its full cpaacity with these various kinds of building material, and plaster for the soil. Besides this store he has premises on Hayneand Queen streets, in which, under water-tight sheds, he has a large stock of the above, and of the more bulky building materials. The trade done by this house, extends throughout the city, and will aggre- gate thousands of dollars annually. The facilities enjoyed by this concern are not easily duplicated. He pro- cures his supplies from first hands, has every convenience for the easy handling of the class of commodities in which he deals, has that knowl- edge of all the details of the business which can only be thoroughly ob- tained by long experience and close application. With these facilities Mr. McCobb is enabled to compete at all points, with any contemporary house not only in Charleston, but in South Carolina, and we can assure our read- ers that they will find the business conducted on those principles of fairness and integrity, that make this house a desirable one to deal with, for those building or contem- plating to build. State of South Carolina. 85 J BARRETT COHEN, Counsellor at Law, Library Building. The legal profession of the City of Charleston is well and ably represent- ed by Mr. J. Barrett Cohen, who is a native of South Carolina, and after re- ceiving his early education in the schools and academies in his section of the State, he entered Charleston Col- lege, graduating therefrom in 1855, with great credit to himself. Soon after completing his college course, he became a student and read law with the firm of Memminger, Jervey & Wielkman, under whose efficient guid- ance he made rapid progress, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. In 1859 he removed to New York, where he practiced his profession till the out- break of the war, when he returned to Charleston. Until 1875 he was a part- ner with R. S. Duryea, in this city, and since that period has conducted his business alone. Mr. Cohen is of a very ancient family, dating its origin back over 140 years in South Carolina. He is a gentleman of fine attainments, is thoroughly conversant with the law, and is highly appreciated by a large and influential clientage. He is prompt and attentive to his profes- sional duties, and has won a leading position, as one of the foremost of the legal profession in this State. R, AT. HAMBLIN, Jobber and Dealer in Millinery, Dry Goods and Notions. THE BOSTON BAZAAR Stands pre-eminent among mercan- tile establishments, not only in Charleston, but in the Southern sec- tion of the country, for the area, of its premises, their complete, and perfect adaptation, to the purposes, for which they are used, and also for the large value and variety of the stock, it carries, the growing im- portance, and magnitude, of the busi- ness, which it transacts, and in the number of clerks, or employees, to serve the throngs, of customers, who find it, to their interest, to bestow their patronage, on this house. This establishment, may be justly termed, the Macy’s of the South. It was founded, by Mr. R. AV. Hamblin, in 1879, is eligibly located, at Nos. 287 and 289 King street, was originally 55x150 feet, in dimensions, and in the spring of 1880, when he moved to his present location, he expended, some five thousand dollars, in build- ing an addition, of 30x70 feet, in the rear, and in improvements, to the premises. It is conveniently, taste- fully, and admirably arranged, and adapted for, the sale of all the various kinds of merchandise kept in its dif- ferent departments. In their respec- tive departments, he carries dry goods, cloaks, ladies’ underwear, small wares, fancy goods, gents’ furnishing goods, notions, toys, &c., while his stock of wholesale and retail millinery, is the most varied and extensive in the State, and in consequence his list of wholesale customers, already a large one, is rapidly increasing. The first floor containing nearly ten thousand square feet of surface, with two entrances from the street, is used exclusively for the retail trade, the second floor for the wholesale. The stock, is kept complete, in every department, and is being constantly renewed, by the arrival of fresh in- voices, and something new, beautiful, and useful, can always be found, upon the counters and shelves. It is pur- chased direct, from first hands, and has been carefully selected, for a first class trade, and inducements, can be had, at this house, that cannot be equalled by any other, in this section of country. Mr. Hamblin, is a native 1 of Boston, moved to Charleston in 86 City of Charleston. 1879 ; is an active, enterprising, pro- gressive business man. Besides his house in this cit}q he has had branch houses in Augusta, Savannah and Jacksonville, and keeps two men on the road in South Carolina. He has a thorough knowledge of this line of business, and being familiar with the wants of his hosts of patrons, knows exactly how to supply them with the best quality of goods, at the very low- est prices. It is his intention in the spring to add a department for the sale of carpets and window shades. He controls a large, wide-spread cus- tom, and is always prompt, and earn- est, in his endeavors to meet its demands, in a satisfactory manner, He is one of the most pushing and progressive merchants in the South- ern States, a prompt, reliable, thor- ough-going business man, a good and useful citizen. F. WEHMANN, Groceries, Wines and Liquors etc., 287 and 289 East Bay. This store, established by its pres- ent proprietor upwards of forty years ago, is well and favorably known to the older inhabitants, as well as to the more recent generations of South Car- olina. Here, in the grocery store proper, with a frontage on East Bay of twen- ty-five and depth of one hundred and twenty feet on Laurens street, may be found a large stock of fancy and staple groceries, canned goods in all their va- rieties, teas and coffees of guaranteed qualities, pure spices, dried fruits, sugars of every grade, condiments and table delicacies, best brands of family flour, etc. In another department the choicest old wines, liquors, brandies and ales of all the best makes and the choicest brands of segars and to- baccos are kept. Among the latter might be mentioned the ‘‘Lucy Win- ton,” which, for flavor and fragrancy cannot be surpassed. In the rear of the grocery store, is a large two-story barn, where a full and complete stock of feed-stuffs, hay, corn, oats, peas, barley, etc., is kept constantly on hand. Besides this Mr. Wehmann keeps a supply of fine bitters of his own manufacture, which are labelled with his name, “Wehmann’s Bitters”, the best guarantee of their high qual- ity. They form an efficient remedy for chills and fevers, and are especial- ly valuable for curing the malarial affections, to which the inhabitants of the low countries are subject. The premises are spacious, well ar- ranged and adapted to the business. The trade, which is largely increas- ing, extends throughout the city and country, where an extensive whole- sale business is done ; in the city the shipping is largely supplied. Mr. Wehmann, himself a gentleman of obliging manner, employs seven com- petent and polite assistants. Con- nected with the establishment, are a wagon and horse and mule, which he keeps almost constantly employed. Mr. Wehmann is a live, progressive and popular business man. He is a native of Hanover, and since coming to this country, by his energy, perse- verance and honorable dealing, has won success and founded a house which is a credit to the city of Charles- ton. As a citizen he is much esteemed and takes an active interest in the Freundschafts Bund, where he is one of the leading spirits. JOSEPH T. DILL & CO., Factors and Commission Merchants, No. 2 South Atlantic Wharf. As the commerce of a community advances, its merchants, while they increase their monetary transac- tions, become more and more limited in the number of •articles they han- dle. Formerly, and it is still so in some outlying villages in our country, the storekeeper did not confine him- self to dealing in one line of goods, 87 State of South Carolina. for his stock contained everything, from a bale of cotton, down to a box of pins, or pot of jelly. In Charleston we find one or two factors making a specialty of Sea Island cotton, and first amongst them comes the firm of Joseph T. Dill & Co., whose office is conveniently located at 2 South At- lantic Wharf, the sample room attach- ed, being provided with a good light for the examination of samples. They are the largest dealers in this market, and rank as one of the most extensive handlers of the long staple in the South, passing through their books from 4000 to 5000 bags in the season. This is obtained from the best planta- tions along the coast, and is the finest grade, the strongest and longest staple cotton produced in the world, the prices ranging from 40c. to 115c. per pound. This is mostly supplied to the Willimantic and other Northern mills, French and English lace and thread mills, whose products are in household use, not only in the United States and Europe, but may be obtain- ed, wherever in the civilized or bar- baric world, lace and thread is used. Thus the cotton handled by J. T. Dill & Co. reaches over a larger consum- ing area than almost any other article of merchandise in the world. The busi- ness was for many years carried on successfully under the name of Fraser & Dill, which firm dissolving in 1876, Mr. Dill continued a prosperous career alone, and was joined in 1883 by Mr. J. A. Ball, the name becoming Joseph T. Dill & Co. The business transactions of the house are steadily increasing, and necessitate the services of four competent assistants, The firm makes liberal advances to growers, and are always alive to their patrons’ interests, taking every care to make advantage- ous terms with them, and attending promptly to all charges put into their hands. Mr. Dill, the senior member of the firm, is a native of the' city, where he has long been known as an honorable, skilled and reliable mer- chant and respected citizen, while his partner, Mr. J. Alwyn Ball, also a native of Charleston, and likewise car- rying on business of Notary Public, served him as confidential employee for seven years, and is recognized as one of the city’s energetic and rising men. WILLIAM S. HASTIE & SON, Life and Fire Insurance Agents and Stock Brokers, 56 Broad Street. Mr. William S. Hastie commenced his business career in New York in 1832, being the resident partner in that city of six concerns located in the Southern States. In 1S51 he closed his interest in these firms, and after an extended tour in Europe he moved to Charleston, S. C., in 1853, as a partner of the late lion. P. C. Cal- houn, president of the Fourth National Bank, of New York, who had been prominently identified with the com- merce of that city for many years. The firm of Hastie, Calhoun & Co., wholesale dealers in Saddlery, Hard- ware, &c., always enjoyed high credit and continued in business until 1869. It was the successor of a house found- ed in Charleston, in 1815, by William Wright, personally, who subsequently became Governor of New Jersey, and United States Senator in Congress from that State. At the conclusion of the war, Mr. Hastie aided in establishing the Charleston Board of Trade, and was its first president, and is now Presi- dent of the New England Society, and has occupied many positions of confi- dence and responsibility. During an active business life of half a century, he has never failed to meet his obli- gations. In 1869, he associated with him, his 88 City of Charleston. son, W in. S. Hastie, Jr., under the firm name of Wm. S. Hastie & Son. Their business is that of Stock Brokers, and they also have a large Life and Fire Insurance Agency, representing the Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, together with the Lanca- shire and Norwich Union Fire Insu- rance Companies, of England, and other corporations ; they have, also, done the collection business for the Fourth National Bank of New York, for many years. Mr. Hastie, Jr., is a gentleman of recognized ability and enterprise, and has the full confidence of the commu- nity in which he lives. A. P. OTIS, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Coal and AVood., In a comprehensive review of the important commercial advantages of Charleston, the extensive business con- ducted by Air. A. P. Otis, in handling coal, the most valuable production of nature’s secret laboratory may well claim a brief portion of our space. The business was established in 1879, by F. H. Trenholm, whom the present proprietor bought out in June, 1882, and has since enjoyed a large and in- creasing custom. The house deals extensively by cargo and carload, and the facilities for supplying the retail trade, embrace a depot, having a sto- rage capacity of many thousands of tons, at Wilcox, Gibbs & Co.’s wharf, where they can unload the largest ship coming into Charleston, and also, a yard, 63x300 feet in dimensions, at 112 Meeting street, from whence the coal is delivered to all parts of the city. The main office is also at 112 Aleeting street.; they have besides, a branch at 30 Broad st. The engagements of the firm necessitate the employment of 8 competent hands and 5 carts. These latter, the so-called “ Patent Lock Carts,” an invention of Air. Otis’ prede- decessor, are a wonderful improvement in facilitating and quickening the handling of coal, on the old fashioned style. Not only does the structure in- sure against any loss after the load has been weighed, but a ton of coal can be emptied in a second of time, without the driver having to leave his seat. They have a closed and movable top, while the bottom is constructed on the principle of a folding door, and is readily dropped down by relieving a lever convenient to the driver’s hand, and by means of which he at once re- turns the halves of the bottom to their natural place. The whole is also light and durable. This cart makes an in- correct weight impossible, and dirt in- excusable. The methods of conduct- ing business of the firm, are, therefore, unequalled by any practised by their contemporaries, and these advantages are promptly placed at the disposal of customers. Air. Otis, the sole owner of this concern, is well and widely known in this, the city of his nativity, as well as throughout the State, where he holds a large patronage. He is prompt, liberal and enterprizing, never unsol icitous for the benefit of custom- ers, and always prepared to offer in- ducements to the trade, in keeping with such a reputation. JULIUS ROUMILLAT, Pharmacist. The druggists of Charleston are ably represented by the proprietor of this enterprising house, who has a pleasant and desirable location at No. 4 Broad street. This business has been estab- State of South Carolina. 179 E. R. COWPERTHW AIT, Furniture AY a r e Rooms. Mr. E. R. CWperthwait, is by far the largest, and most extensive dealer, in furniture, in the city, and probably in the State. His establishment, is one of the most important, and com- modious, and centrally located, at No. 305 King street, is 27^x150 feet in dimensions, is three stories high. It is admirably arranged, for the busi- ness, and is stocked, with as varied an assortment, of furniture, as can be found, in any warerooms, in the South- ern States, embracing parlor, office, school, and dining room furniture, bed room sets, tables, chairs, sofas, tete et tetes, lounges, rockers, in fact every- thing that can be conceived of in this line, from the plain deal table to the most elaborate article of household goods, in the most elegant designs, in modern and medieval styles, embrac- ing Elizabethan, Queen Anne, and many new and original creations, all of which, are made in the best man- ner, and upholstered, in every color, and shade, of velvet, plush, satin, and rep, in the highest style of the art. This house was established, by its pres- ent proprietor, in this city, and in King street, in 1832, and during the many years of its existence, has es- caped unscathed, by fire, or water. From 1840 to 1844, Mr. Cowperthwait, had a partner, under the firm name of Cowperthwait & Co., with that excep- tion, the founder thereof, has been, and still is, its sole proprietor. Straight- forward in all his dealings, he is one of the oldest, and most popular, 'mer- chants, in the State. Mr. Cowper- thwait, is a native of New York City, moved to and has resided in Charles- ton, since 1828. He is a thorough- going business man, is an honored member of the Odd Fellows, takes an active part, in its councils, and an in- terest in whatever will promote the prosperity of this honored society, of which for forty years, he has been a prominent member. J. N. PEECKSEN, Grocer, 519 King St. The grocery store of Mr. -J. N. Peecksen, has been carried on by him now three years. In the fall of ’80 he bought out the former owners, AV. H. Kriete & Co. The premises, located on the corner of King and Radcliffe sts. are attractive, and interiorly fitted up with ample shelving, conveniently arranged for the furtherance of the large wholesale and retail business the house carries on. He keeps on hand an assortment of choice family and staple groceries, comprising new crop teas, and the best coffees, spices, but- ter, cheese, sugars and syrups, condi- ments and table delicacies, and the best brands of famil} T flour. Parties wishing it, may have their cofiees parched and ground when ordering them, so that they obtain the full fragrance of the bean. Air. Peecksen, also keeps an equipment of foreign and domestic wines and liquors. The average value of his stock will amount to some $4,000. For the convenience of his customers, who reside in the city and lower counties of the State, he keeps a wagon for delivery, and employs five competent assistants. Mr. Peecksen was born in Lock- stadt, Hanover, and came to this coun- try eight years ago, and by his ener- gy, has built up a first-class custom, and gained the reputation he enjoys in the community. HAMPTON SMITH, The position of detective in any city is an arduous and necessary one ; and in a seaport town, where subjects of so many nations meet, its duties become extremely difficult to perform, and still more so when there live, side by side, the white and the black. Mr. H. Smith, the present chief of the force is a native of Charleston, and was for several years lieutenant of Po- 180 » City of Charleston. lice in this city, rendering valuable ancl gallant service to the community, in the riots of 1S76, when it required great daring and nerve on the part of our officers to keep the peace. On one of these occasions, the subject of our sketch exemplified great pluck, and in the disturbance received a severe gunshot wound. He was for several years engaged with the South Carolina Railroad Company; January, 1884, was appointed to his present position, and as is known, has shown himself, in the efficient discharge of its oner- ous duties, fully worthy the choice. He is much liked by ail, and is ably assisted by Messrs. Mitchell, Miller, and Levin, gentlemen popular with our citizens. LEON DRUELLE, Merchant Tailor, 74 Broad St. Mr. Leon Druelle established him- self as a merchant tailor in Charleston twenty-two years ago. His store is centrally located at No. 74 Broad street. His trade is a fine one, ex- clusively custom. The best class of work is done at this house. Meas- ures are taken, and the best fitting- garments, trimmed and made in the most durable manner, accurate in cut, are furnished at short notice. There is a full stock of fine French cassi- meres and broad cloths, suitings, vest- ings, &c., from which to make selec- tion. The best of tailors are em- ployed, and artistic taste in cutting is one of the features of this house. The store is nicely fitted up, having every convenience for the business. The stock carried has a representative value of two thousand dollars. His trade is large, extending throughout South Carolina, calling into requisi- tion the services of six competent workmen. His patrons include the best classes in the city, and the house is one of the most popular of the kind. He studies to please his customers, and provides jnst what is wanted, just when the people want it. His facili- ties for supplying fresh goods of the newest design are unsurpassed, and the trade are made aware of this fact by a visit to this popular business house. Mr. Druelle, 'was born in Paris, came to this country in 1855, and some years later, established him- self in business in Charleston, where he is well known, and highly es- teemed. HOTEL VICTORIA, Charleston. F. Opdebeck, Proprietor. Amongthe several hotels in Charles- ton, the old and long-established hos- telrie, known by the name of the Vic- toria, enjoys a high degree of popu- larity, and under its present efficient management receives a liberal patron- age. The building is a substantial and attractive brick structure, central- ly and eligibly located on King street, one of the most pleasant and f ashion- able streets of the city. It is fifty feet in width, by one hundred and fifty in depth, and has stretching across the front, a piazza even with the floor of the parlors on the second story, tfie windows of which are what are termed French, opening in the centre verti- cally like doors, and from which the piazzas are accessible, and where a fine view can be had at the concourse of people passing up and down this the principal street for the first-class retail trade of Charleston ; it being- one of only two of its streets running the whole length of the city, and is lined on either side with the most at- tractive and pretentious retail estab- lishments for the dry and fancy goods trade, making it a desirable and con- venient hotel for a stranger to stop at. It is built of red brick, with stone trimmings, is five stories in height. From the roof an admirable view can be had, stretching over a range of miles in and about the city. The in- terior is most conveniently divided up, and admirably adapted for a hotel. State of South Carolina. 89 lishecl ten or twelve years, and on May 1st, 1882, Mr. Romnillat bought out the former proprietor, and opened busi- ness for himself under its present name. The store is 20x40 feet in size, and is handsomely fitted up and com- fortably arranged, and contains a large and valuable supply of goods in drugs and chemicals. The amount in stock is over 83000, and three skilful, com- petent assistants are required in con- ducting the business of the house. The store exhibits a handsome variety in fancy articles, perfumeries, toilet articles, fancy boxes, decorated vials, etc. Physicians’ prescriptions are es- pecial, and important items, and are prepared with every attention in re- gard to the accuracy of their composi- tion. He has a large* and rapidly in- creasing custom, and being courteous and affable, and furnishing the best class of goods, and the purest and most reliable drugs, etc., has established a name and reputation as a first-class pharmacist, second to no other in this section of the city. Mr. Round llat is a gentleman of large experience, and during his busi- ness career in Charleston has been eminently successful, and enjoys a high degree of popularity in this com- munity, both as a sterling business man and citizen. A special -prepara- tion of his is the East India Remed}'' and others, and many testimonials are received, speaking highly of their many curative properties. WM. FISCHER, General Engraver and Jeweler. Since 1865 Mr. William Fischer has been established in this city as an en- graver and chaser. His shop is lo- cated at No. 307 King street, second floor in rear. The work done is chief- ly for the jewelry trade, and of the finest style of art and taste. His workshop is fully equipped with all the finest tools and implements for the business. 7 Mr. Fischer is a native of Germany, (Principality Schwarzburg Londers- hausen,) came to South Carolina when sixteen years old, served an appren- ticeship in Charleston, where, as be- fore stated, he commenced business on his own account in 1865. The work done b}^ him will bear favorable comparison in style, art and taste, with that of any engraver on gold and silver in the Southern States. During the late war he did much fine work for the Confederate Govern- ment, and, more recently, he received three silver medals, one from the South Carolina Agricultural and Mechani- cal Society exhibit, and two from the Agricultural Society of South Caro- lina (Charleston), for the best speci- mens of engraving and manufacturing Masonic gold jewels. He enjoys high reputation as an artist, and is es- teemed for his sterling qualities as a man. JAS. S. SIMMONS, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Choice Family Groceries. Conspicuous for its rapid increase of business is the commodious and well stocked wholesale and retail grocery store of J. L. Simmons, 641 King street, 40x70 feet in dimensions. It claims more than passing com- ment for its ample accommodation for the large and varied stock of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, grocers’ sundries, etc., from which a trade is trahsacted extending throughout the city and country, having started in September last, 1883. Prior to this Mr. Simmons for a number of years rendered valuable service by his thorough acquaintance with every detail of the business, to one of our most prosperous and influ- ential grocery merchants, giving him additional knowledge in the wants of his patrons, and materially assisting in the buying of his stock, which is the most complete in the city, com- 90 City of Charleston. prising staple and fancy groceries, wines, liquors, ales, beer, etc., and cigars and tobacco in all grades and brands. The only place where the celebrated Simmons’ Selection Cigar can be ob- tained — acknowledged to be the best 5 cent cigar in the city. A large and well appointed sample room, adjoins the grocery department, always re- plete with the best of foreign and do- mestic liquors, wines, etc. Also a spacious wagon yard, will be found attached to this establishment, where the comfort and security of his coun- try patrons and others visiting the city, will receive his personal atten- tion. Mr. Simmons is a young man, a native of this city, and the marked success which has crowned this enter- prise, is the just reward of his honor- able business methods. Dresses as now worn were almost impracticable and impossible to the female community before the inven- tion of the machine stitch. Formerly, nine or ten yards was the average quantity used in the manufacture of an ordinary dress,* and the number of stitches demanded as much outlay of labor as, and was more expensive than, the common dress of the present day, which consumes from 25 to 30 yards of the same material, and is put together by the machine, adding to the appearance of the wearer a style, which was before denied to any, but the exceedingly rich. The sewing machine has equalized the advantages and placed the factory girl on a par with the millionaire. The business of dealing in, and sell- ing Singer’s sewing machines and ma- chine supplies generally, was estab- lished in Charleston, before the war by this, by far the largest, and most en- terprising of our large companies. The machines of this house are too well known to the general public, to call for any extended remarks at our hands, for the surest proof that they are the best, lies in the fact that the Singer Company manufactures, more sewing machines, than all the rest of the world together. They have not only branches throughout the civilized world, but have factories also in foreign countries, the most import- ant of which is that established several years ago at Glasgow, Scotland, to supply the immense demand for their machines in England and the conti- nent, and which forms one of the most prominent features of that coun- try of factories. In Charleston, the agency is centrally located, at 186 King street, the store being elegantly furnished, and conveniently arranged. In it there is at all times a full and complete stock of sewing machines, and their necessary appendages. In the city and environs, twenty em- ployees are kept industriously work- ing, and wagons are also utilized for delivering machines to customers for trial, rent or purchase. Their install- ment plan of payment, gives advan- tages to patrons not otherwise afforded. This agency is run from the general office at Atlanta, Ga., at the head of which is Mr. C. G. Lambert, who has gained his present position, by his dis- tinguished merit, and close attention to the company’s business. From the Charleston office, ably conducted by Mr. W. Id. Saul, branches at Darling- ton and Orangeburg are run, the total territory governed by the Charleston branch, being 13 Counties of this State, all of which are thoroughly worked by numerous canvassers, and on wag- ons, advancing the interests of this prosperous, energetic, and enterprising company. State of South Carolina. 91 Dr. LOUIS P. DOTTEREL, Surgeon Dentist. One of the most popular represen' tative professional men of Charleston, is Dr. Louis P. Dotterer, whose office is located at No. 370 King st. Dr. Dotterer was born in Augusta, Ga., but has lived the greater part of his life in Charleston. Studied his pro- fession at the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, from which institution he graduated, with high honors, in March, 1882. Immediately thereafter began his Charleston career, where he is rapidly building up an excellent business. Though yet a young man, he is deservedly gaining the reputa- tion of being a careful and reliable Dentist, and already numbers among his patients many of the best families of Charleston. He has every facility and appliance for the prosecution of his profession in every branch, and ad- ministers Nitrous Oxide Gas, when called for, in the extraction of teeth. In rank, he is second to none, as re- gards proficiency, industry and enter- prise. His rooms are undoubtedly the most convenient and accommo- dating, and are acknowledged by every one to be the prettiest in the city. COWLAM GRAVELEY, - Agent, Insurance. Mr. C. Graveley, is a native of Eng- land, came to this country in 1839, where, after having been engaged for thirty-six years, in the hardware busi- ness, in the year 1877, he took up the insurance business. He represents, the Imperial Eire Insurance Company, of London, established in 1803, and whose assets, in the Untied States, ex- clusive of the English capital, amount to $1,324,493.04, liabilities to $-005,570, 36, and whose surplus, in the United States, is $718,922.68, and the North- ern Assurance Company, of Aberdeen, and London, whose assets in the Uni- ted States, exclusive of the English capital, amounts to $1,221,601.14, and whose surplus over its liabilities in the U. S., is $840,508.13. These compa- nies, rank among the substantial, solid fire insurance companies, of England, and afford that protection, and securi- ty, against loss by fire, guaranteed on- ly by the most reliable organizations, of this character. The large business done, by these companies, shows in the most expressive language, the degree of confidence, the general public, have in the ability of its management. The courteous and efficient agent, of these companies, in Charleston, Mr. Cowlam Graveley, is ably assisted by his son in the discharge of the business and duties of his position as such. BENJ. McINNES, Blacksmith, 32 Chalmers Street. One of the oldest residents of Charleston, and prominent by reason of a long business career, is Mr. Benj. Mclnnes, who has for over forty years been engaged in the horse-shoeing business here. He is a practical and experienced workman, and nowhere in the city is such finished and good work done as in his establishment. To meet the demands upon him, he employs from four to five competent and experienced hands, assuring to patrons the rapid dispatch of all work entrusted to him. The premises oc- cupied, 21J feet wide, and extending from street to street, are spacious and well arranged for carrying on the busi- ness. Mr. Mclnnes is a native of Perthshire, Scotland, and came out to South Carolina in 1838. In ’41 he established himself in business, and has always enjoyed a large and in- creasing trade. His reputation as an experienced blacksmith has ever been first-class, and the best class of people 92 City of Charleston. have their horses shod at his place. Mr. Mclnnes, during his long resi- dence in Charleston, has gained the respect of all classes in the city ,who have had the good fortune to know him. He formerly took an active in- terest in the Ancient Order of Odd- Fellows, and is now an influential member of the St. Andrew’s Society, and occupies an important place among the associates of the Hibernian Society. Personally, he is a genial and courteous gentleman, and well merits the esteem in which he is held by the community. For exactness of fit, smooth finish, perfect adjustment, and durability, the shoeing done at his establishment can- not be surpassed, if even equalled, by any in the country. BENJ. McINNES, Jr., Veterinary Surgeon. Among the well known profes- sional men of Charleston, is Dr. Benj. Mclnnes, who is the sole and able representative of veterinary sci- ence in the city. The Doctor is a son of Benj. Mclnnes, one of the oldest and most esteemed residents of this community. After receiving a com- plete and thorough literary education in his native place, and having already acquired a considerable knowledge of horse flesh, he prosecuted the study of the science he had resolved to follow in life, at the older schools of Europe. He studied three years at the world-renowned veterinary college of Edinburgh, Scotland, graduating from it in 1874. He then travelled some time on the continent, visiting the leading men of his science in the schools there. He resided for several months in Dresden, where he acquired that knowledge of the German lan- guage, without which no scientific man can consider himself perfect. In the fall of 1874 he returned to Charles- ton, and commenced to apply himself practically to that for which he was so eminently fitted. He is the first to open this line of business in the city, and his successful practice has done much to dispel the false prejudices and to teach the public, that a thor- ough knowledge of physiology and anatomy, are as necessary in treating the ailments of the lower animals, as they are for human patients. His exhaustive knowledge of the animal structure, and the application of sci- entific remedies to the diseases of horses, and other animals, guarantee a successful treatment in every case where a cure is possible. JACOB S. SCHIRMER, Wholesale Dealer IN RICE, Charleston, S. C. Established in 1856. WEATHERITORN & FISCHER, General Building Material. Among . the manufacturing indus- tries of Charleston, one of the best known and patronized in its line, is that of Weatherhorn & Fischer, man- facturers of general building material, office, salesroom, factory and yard being located on Smith, near Queen street, presenting a front of one hun- dred and fifty feet by a depth of two hundred. This house was founded by these gentlemen in March, 1883. They are practical to the business, have had a long experience in it, and State of South Carolina. 93 have their factory equipped with the most modern and improved ma- chinery, driven by a twenty-six horse power engine, fed with steam from a forty horse power boiler, and giving employment to a force of competent and skilled workmen. Having every facility for the manufacture of window and door frames, sash, doors, blinds, moulding, scroll, sawing, turning, &c. ; also having on hand at all times, ceil- ing, flooring, weather boarding, and dealing also in builders’ hardware, they are prepared to fill all orders with promptness, and at the most rea- sonable prices. The products of this establishment includes all kinds of well seasoned lumber. Their trade is large and wide-spread, extending throughout North and South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, aggregating thou- sands of dollars, and calling into requisition a number of trucks in delivering their goods to their many patrons. Particular attention is giv- en to shipping goods, and orders are forwarded to all parts of the coun- try. Their work is well done, and en- joys well merited distinction. Among the many conspicuous buildings, the entire materials of which are the pro- duct of their factory, may be mention- ed Claussen’s Bakery, the fruit store of A. Canale, on the south side of Market street, as also the large and attractive fruit store of Steitz, corner of Market and Meeting streets. In this building is used the doors, of which these gentlemen are patentees, the peculiarity of which, is that it con- tains a window which, while it acts as a self-regulating ventilator, can be raised and lowered, the same as the sash of any other window. The Mili- tary Hall, which has lately been re- modeled, was furnished throughout by these gentlemen, who furnish plans, draughtings and drawings in their line. They are both natives of Charles- ton. They are thoroughgoing business men, active and progressive, have had long experience in it, and possess an exhaustive knowledge of its every de- tail, and the success they have achiev- ed, is the result of their honorable busi- ness methods. They are highly es- teemed, in both business and social circles. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHARLESTON, S. C. United States and City of Charles- ton Depository. Dr. Andrew Simonds, President. Capital ..... . , $250,000 Surplus and undivided pro- fits about ....... 400,000 The First National Bank of Charles- ton, was organized Nov. 20th, 1865, being the first bank organized in the State under the National Banking Act. Dr. Andrew Simonds was the prime mover in creating this pioneer institu- tion, and to whom since its inception, has been entrusted, almost its sole management. It occupies the finest Banking house in the South — grand without and beautiful within. A gen- eral banking business, is conducted, having correspondents, in every city in the United States, and in the prin- cipal cities of Europe. The bank, has had an unbroken career, of prosperity as is evidenced, by its surplus, and its undivided .profits of about $400,000, after having paid regularly, and con- tinuously, the liberal dividends of 10 to 12 per cent, annually, which it still continnes to pay. It is regarded, with the utmost confidence, by the entire community, its stability, being looked upon as firm, and impregnable, as the rocks of Gibraltar. Its president Dr. Andrew Simonds, is one of the most universally known and highly esteem- ed of the citizens of Charleston, com- mands the confidence, and respect of the entire community, occupies a high position, in the social, and commercial circles, of the place, and possesses, 94 City of Charleston. those qualifications, that eminently fit him, for the position, he fills, in this old, reliable bank. He is regarded as one of the largest capitalists of Charleston. His public spirit is shown by his connection with most of the enterprises of the State. He is president of several corporations and a director in many more. His bank is managed on the soundest fi- nancial principles, hence its great suc- cess. In 1859 he was elected president of the Bank of the State of So. Ca., at Abbeville, which position he held un- til he established the First National, which makes him the oldest bank president in the State, in continuous service. He is a man of few words, but many ideas, and is rarely known to speak unkindly of others, but al- ways ready to throw the mantle of charity over human frailties, one of his sayings being, that “ If men’s acts and thoughts were written on their brows, we would all wear masks.” W. E. Breese, Cashier of the First National Bank, and one of Charles- ton’s able banking officers, is a na- tive of the city, and from boy- hood was raised in the banking-house of Geo. W. Williams & Co. Three years ago he was made Assistant Cashier of this Bank, his father, Wm. C. Breese, who had been closely con- nected with the successful prosecution of banking in this State for forty years, having been Cashier since its foundation, in 1865, and who served faithfully the interests of the institu- tion till his death, a year ago, when his son was chosen to the position. He has shown himself fully worthy of the Directors’ judgment; his correct- ness, method, and financial ability, rendering him a happy choice, and his long experience and honorable name making him fit to undertake the detailed and trying duties of this po- sition. In checks, bills, coin, etc., he handles over half a million dollars daily. In monetary disputes, Mr. Breese is often called before the courts as an authority, and is a Director in I the Carolina Savings Bank. In the war, he served with the State Cadets, stationed in Charleston, and also in North Carolina and Florida. In mili- tary organisations he has always taken an active part; was formerly Major of the 1st S. C. Volunteers ; is at present Captain of Company C, of Irish Vol., the best Regiment in the State, and also is an influential associate of the Charleston Rifle Association. P. MORAN, Importer and Dealer in Hard- ware, Etc. One of the largest mercantile estab- lishments in Charleston, is that of Mr. P. Moran, located on the corner of Hayne, Meeting and Market streets. It is a substantial four-story brick building, 25x210 feet, and is filled with as full and well assorted a stock of merchandise, as can be found in So. Ca. Though this solid house was established only in 1881, its proprie- tor is one of the oldest and best known merchants in Charleston. He was for thirty-five years a member of the firm of Hart & Co., from which in the above named year, he with- drew, and established himself at his present location. The first floor is used for office and for the retail de- partment of the business. The second floor is used for wholesale samples, and agricultural implements. The third floor is utilized for the miscel- laneous goods, such as barrows, shaft- ing for ploughs, looms, single whipple trees, and numerous other goods, an enumeration of which could scarcely be made within the proper limits of an article of this nature. The fourth floor is of too great altitude to make its use for business purposes practica- ble. It still bears marks of the siege of Charleston by the Federal forces, and of seven different fires which have swept over this vicinity, and de- molished every house in this row, ex- cept this venerable old landmark, that, like a salamander, defied the State of South Carolina. 95 fury of the fiery element. This house represents H. C. & G. Reicl, of Kala- mazoo, Michigan, the manufacturers of the world renowned Cultivator beariug their name. McCormick’s, of Chicago, Harvesting Machines, ac- knowledged the world over to be the most beneficent inventions in their effect ever conceived by man. Sher- man & Brower, of New York, repre- sents our house in our line of goods. The stock carried has a representative value of upwards of sixty -five thous- and dollars. In addition to the large premises occupied by their business, as above stated, there is a spacious warehouse in the rear of this building. The business annually transacted by this house is immense, requiring the assistance of fourteen competent clerks to serve its many patrons. Two men are kept traveling in So. Ca. The trade is wide-spread, ex- tending throughout the South, and will aggregate many thousands of dol- lars annually. Mr. John P. Moran, the son of and representing Mr. P. Moran, has the supervision and man- agement of this business for and in the interest of his father. John P. is a native of Charleston, is one of its most progressive and enterprising citizens, is endowed with fine business capacity,' has a thorough knowledge of the details of the business in which he is engaged, has unsurpassed facilities for procuring his supplies, and gives to the patrons of this house the ben- efit of thesd advantages. Mr. P. Mo- ran is a native of Ireland, came to this country in 1845, and has resided in Charleston the greater part of this time. He is one of the most liberal and public-spirited business men in this part of So. C’a., and has always been an ardent advocate of every measure or enterprise, that was con- ducive to the general welfare and prosperity of all classes of the com- munity. He is one of the most trusted and popular of Charleston’s citizens, has represented the 3d ward for eight years in the Board of Aldermen, and was, in December, 18S3, elected for a further term of four years from January 1st, 1884. Is a genial, pleas- ant man, and is recognized as one of Charleston’s most solid and substan- tial merchants, and most respected citizens. SAVAGE D. TRENHOLM, Agent for Central Wharf. The facilities which Charleston en- joys, as a port of entry are unequalled, all the trunk and larger railroad cor- porations intersecting the State, or ter- minating at this point, make an al- most illimitable extent of country tributary to the commercial growth and prosperity of this city. In all the great seaport cities, the largest and most important part of the commercial and mercantile transactions are con- ducted and have their principal houses and places of business on or contigu- ous to the water front. Among the many and commodious wharves for which Charleston harbor is noted, the Central Wharves are among the oldest and best known of any in this port, being nearly one hundred years old, and are worthy of special mention and a more than ordinary considera- tion, in a work giving an historical account of the commercial and mer- cantile industries, of the metropolis of the State. These wharves are among the largest on the* coast, having a ca- pacity for storage of from six thousand to eight thousand bales of cotton. They can accommodate five vessels at a time. They have good facilities for the landing and storage of all kinds of merchandise, such as cotton, salt, rice, &c. They dock and receive cargoes, making wharfage charges for each package, the prices being graduated by a schedule adopted b} r all the wharves. Mr. Trenholm has had ten years’ experience, and is thoroughly posted in every detail of the business. This gentleman is the patentee of an useful invention of modern times, and as it becomes known, must supersede 9G City of Charleston. appliances now used for that purpose, having the endorsement of such a com- petent judge and high authority as an ex-Examiner of the Patent Office at Washington, who pronounces it the simplest, most easily and expeditiously adjustable, and most durable of all car - coupling inventions, which ever came under his observation. It has been used for six months on the South Carolina Railroad, and to their great satisfac- tion. When the reader takes into con- sideration the innumerable railroads, and the illimitable extent of country intersected by their tracks, and the myriad number of couplings, that are called into requisition, and the demand for which, in the nature of things, must be constantly and rapidly grow- ing, some conception of the value of this invention can be formed ; and when there is taken also into consid- eration, the greater safety to life and limb in the adjustment of this cou- pling, it should have success. Mr. L. B. Trenholm is part owner and busi- ness manager of the coupler. HENRY BAYER, Importer of Bananas, Cocoanuts and Oranges, and Wholesale Dealer in Apples, Potatoes, Onions, &c., 215 East Bay. Prominent, among those engaged in Charleston, in the importation, of ba- nanas, cocoanuts, and oranges, and dealing by wholesale, in apples, pota- toes, and onions, and other domestic fruits, and vegetables, may be named, Mr. Blenry Bayer, located at No. 215 East Bay. The premises, utilized in this business, comprises a two-story building, 50x85 feet in dimensions, and is completely fitted up, and admi- rably adapted, for the business, the upper floor, having apartments, pro- vided with every facility, for forced, or special heat, for bananas, oranges, and cocoanuts, to hasten the process, of ripening. From 1866, to 1877, Mr. Bayer, was with the house of Mr. C. Bart & Co., one of the largest houses, in this line of trade, in the country. In 1877, he started, in this same line of business, on his own account, at the j above named location, where he does, j a large and extensive trade, extending throughout South and North Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and which is steadily, and annually increasing, in volume, and in extent of territory, j from whence his patronage comes. Pie has, every facility, known to the busi- ness, he runs two schooners, of his own, and charters four others, for the importation of his supplies from the West Indies. He utilizes five teams, in the handling of his goods, and gives employment, to fourteen competent assistants, at his store. Mr. Bayer, was born in Bavaria, came to this country, in 1843, has lived in Charleston, since 1866. Mr. Bayer, enjoys a high de- gree of popularity, throughout Charles- ton, and is esteemed, and respected by all classes of its citizens. GERHARD RIECKE, Auctioneer and Real Estate Agent. Among the substantial business men of Charleston, is Mr. Gerhard Riecke, Auctioneer, Broker, and Real Estate Agent, whose com- modious office is centrally located at State of South Carolina. 97 34 Broad St. Formerly Mr. Riecke was engaged in the Wholesale Pro- vision business, first as partner in the firm of McQueen & Riecke, and after- wards as Riecke & Peterman. For now six years he has given his atten- tion to the purchase and sale of real estate and stocks and bonds, besides attending to renting of houses and making collections. As an efficient Auctioneer in all sorts of property, Mr. Riecke possesses pre-eminence, his engagements in this line being exten- sive. He buys, sells, and leases pro- perties of all kinds — stores, dwellings, farms, plantations, building sites, etc. He is familiar with his business in its every detail, and will always cheer- fully furnish any information desired to those who call upon him, and exe- cute with promptitude, and thorough- ness, any charge placedfor its fulfil- ment in his hands. This excellent gentleman is a native of Charleston, where he has always been favorably known. He was one of the first set- tlers in Walhalla, S. C. He has taken a leading part in political affairs, was nominated, and in December, ’83, elect- ed, unopposed, Alderman for Ward 6, for a term of four years. In the late civil war he rendered valuable aid to his country, serving as a member of the famous brigade of Washington Light Infantry, on the coast of South Caro- lina, and afterwards in North Carolina. Mr. Riecke is likewise ex-President of the German Fire Company, and of the D. B. Bund, and ex-Cap- tain of German Huzzars. Socially, he is esteemed as a valuable member of the community, taking a prominent part in the doings of the Masonic Order, as well as holding important positions among the Odd-Fellows and Knights of Honor. DEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, F. Melchers & Son, Proprietors. One of the most popular and influ- ential journals, and one that is highly appreciated throughout the State, and the best advertising medium for the German trade on the South Atlantic coast, is the Deutsche Zeitung, F. Mel- chers & Son, proprietors. This is one of the oldest established papers in the State, having been inaugurated in 1853, by the present proprietors. They occupy a three-story building, 18x25 feet, in extent, all of which is utilized, and which is amply supplied with the full paraphernalia of a newspaper es- tablishment. The circulation of the paper is large, and extends through North and South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and is Independent in politics. It is published every Mon- day and Thursday noon; Weekly on Saturday morning. Mr. F. Melchers was born at Olden- burg, and came +o the United States at twenty years of age. He gives his entire attention to the conducting of his paper, which exhibits great origi- nality, fine taste, and care on the part of the editor, who is thoroughly com- petent and who possesses the entire confidence and esteem of all who know him, or have business dealings with him. He was three times elected to the Legislature, in 1859, 1866, and 1876, on the Democratic ticket, in which he served with distinction, and to the entire satisfaction of his party and the general community. His son and copartner, Mr. A. F. Melchers, is a native of Charleston, and is the capa- ble and efficient business manager of the paper, and takes an active part in the general interest and management of the Journal. He is highly esteemed both as a business man and citizen. t » S“c . Mr. J. R. .Johnson has been for many years established in Charleston, as a 98 City of Charleston. fashionable hatter and umbrella man- ufacturer, and possesses a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the business; and there is no finer assort- ment, or larger variety to select from in Charleston, than is to be found in his establishment. This is an old es- tablished business, having been first originated in 1840 by Mr. B. Johnson, who was succeeded by B. .Johnson & Co., and in 1873, by the present pro- prietor, Mr. J. R. Johnson ; in 1881, he associated his son with him as partner, and the firm name is now J. R. Johnson & Son. The store is plea- santly located at 281 King street, the very centre of the retail trade, and is of fine, ample dimensions, being 22x110 feet, and is handsomely fitted up, and contains a first-class assort- ment of hats, caps, and straw goods in season, in all the most fashionable styles for men and boys’ wear, com- prising silk hats, caps, stiff and soft hats, the production of the best man- ufacturers of the country, suitable for all seasons. Another department of the business is the manufacturing of umbrellas, of which a fine assortment can always be found, embracing all fabrics, silk, cotton, alpacca, gingham, etc., made in the most substantial manner and of the best materials. A specialty made of repairing umbrel- las and parasols, which is promptly and neatly done. A force of half a dozen competent, courteous clerks are requisite in ministering to the wants of the many patrons of the house. Mr. Johnson is of English birth and came to the United States when a boy, and during his business experience in Charleston, by judicious management, has made his store a popular resort of those in search of first-class, stylish head-wear, and at most reasonable prices. His son, and co-partner, Mr. ‘G. W. Johnson, being a native of Charleston, has long been well known to the community. As merchants they are liberal and obliging, and as citizens honorable, useful and reli- able. JOHN K. GOURDIN. Civil Engineer and Surveyor, Mansion House, Broad St. One of the representative business men of Charleston, is Mr. Jno. K. Gourdin, who was born in Williams- burg County, South Carolina, and who is well known to a large part of the commuity. He was educated at the Lawrence Scientific College, of Cambridge, Mass., graduating with great credit to himself as Civil Engi- neer, in 1854. He then passed six years in Europe, studying and travel- ling. He went to the war as sergeant of cavalry, and was promoted to first lieutenant. Since the war he has been chiefly occupied as Land Surveyor, and brings to bear upon his business sound judgment, and an experience of many years. He is also Town Engi- neer of Mount Pleasant, S. C., where plans and estimates are furnished for all character of work. Mr. Gourdin, has made many friends during his long residence in the city, and is highly regarded, as a reliable business man and progressive citizen, who is alwa} r s alive to the city’s best interests. SAMUEL Y. TUPPER & SON, Insurance Agents. The insurance interests of Charles- ton, are creditably represented, by well known, local agents, for the lead- ing companies of this country, and Europe. One of the most prompt, honorable, reliable, and successful houses engaged in this line of busi- ness in Charleston, or in fact, in South Carolina, is that of S. Y. Tupper & Son. The senior member, of this firm, was from 1851 to 1865, President of “Fireman’s Insurance Company of Charleston, South Carolina,” which wound up its business, after the war. In 1865, selecting one of the most de- sirable locations in Charleston, for a continuance of his old line of busi- State of South Carolina. 99 ness, and occupying a commodious, handsomely finished and furnished office, he became the local agent of the well known “ Phoenix ” of Brook- lyn, and subsequently of the Guardian Assurance of London, the German- American of New York and the gene- ral State agent for the Trans-atlantic of Germany. The number and the aggregate amount of risks, fire and marine, taken by this house annually, probably exceeds that of any other agency, in South Carolina. The busi- ness of this firm, is admirably man- aged, and all losses, are promptly ad- justed, and paid without delay ; and the satisfactory manner in which the business is conducted, has established for this house, a degree of confidence, which correct business principles and probity only can secure. The senior member of this old house is a native of and one of Charleston’s most pub- lic-spirited citizens. He served in the civil war, on the staff" of Gen. E. Iv. Smith, in Virginia, and afterwards commanded Battery Waring and other batteries on the coast of South Caro- Chambek of Commerce. (See also City "Railway, next page.) lina. He has been honored, with high and responsible civic trusts, the ac- ceptable performance of the duties of which, called for great executive ca- pacity, all of which he discharged with distinguished ability, and to the entire satisfaction, of most intelligent constituencies. He was for ten years President of the Chamber of Com- merce, and is a Director in the First National Bank of Charleston. A few years since, he took into co-partnership his son, S. Y. Tupper, Jr., who is also a native of Charleston : is an energetic* progressive young man, and in the few years of his association with his father, in the active pursuit of their avocation, has established an honor- able record. He has been for some years Captain of Company A, Caro- lina Battalion, one of the most popu- lar military organizations of the State. The gentlemen occupy a first position in the social as well as the mercantile and commercial community of South Carolina. 100 City of Charleston. The following is a short statement of the companies they represent : Phoenix of Brooklyn, Jan. 1st, 1883 : Capital $1,000,000 Total Assets . . . 3,295,326 German-American of New York, Jan. 1st, 1883: Capital $1,000,000 Total Assets . . 3,704,274 Guardian of London, established 1821 , and which has the largest paid up capital of any company doing a fire business in this country : Home Assets . . $19,955,000 Assets in U. S. . 1,096,914 Also State representatives of Trans- Atlantic Fire Insurance Company of Hamburg : Home Assets. . .$1,034,876 Assets in U. S. . . 457,982 CITY RAILWAY. The Charleston City Railway Com- pany is one of the best managed, and best paying horse railroad enterprises in the South. It was incorporated under an act of the Legislature of South Carolina, in 1860, and was opened for travel in 1866. Its Presi- dent, Mr. John S. Biggs, has filled, con- tinuously, from the organization of the road, that position, is a gentleman possessed of marked talent and execu- tive ability, is a native of Charleston, is one of the most popular and public- spirited citizens, and has always been a zealous advocate for all measures, and for any enterprise that would be conducive to the city’s welfare, that would tend to promote its growth, or add to its prosperity. Mr. Evan Ed- wards, the Secretary and Treasurer of this road, also filled this position soon after it went into operation. He is a native of Charleston, is one of its old and esteemed citizens, filled the posi- tion of assistant Postmaster of Charles- ton for thirty years, and up to the war. He is a thorough business man, prompt and energetic, well versed in the company’s affairs, giving close at- tention to eveiything in his depart- ments, and having the satisfaction of | knowing that of the 1,200,000 people I annually carried over its road, few serious accidents have ever occurred to passengers. Mr. Frank F. Whilden is assistant Secretary of the company and is an energetic and faithful officer. This road is eight miles in length, and runs from the Post Office, through Meeting, King, and Went- worth streets, and Rutledge avenue. Its capital stock is two hundred thousand dollars. It started with sixteen, has now twenty-three cars, seventy horses, and employs forty- four men. The road is in all re- spects well equipped, is of incalcula- ble benefit to the city, and has proved a most successful financial venture to its stockholders, owing, in a great de- gree, to the skillful supervision exer- cised by the experienced officials who have charge of its operation. SAMUEL WEBB, Florist. The demand for flowers and floral decorations has of late years been one of the marked indications of the higher civilization toward which we are ra- pidly progressing ; and of no city is this so distinguishing a feature as Charleston, which has long been known for its wealth and refinement. Mr. Webb is a native of County Cork, Ireland, has been a resident of this city thirty-four years, and is a practical florist of many years’ experience. For prompt and fair dealing, together with taste and good judgment, he can al- ways be depended upon in the con- ducting of this business. Mr. Webb filled the position of Treasurer in the Charleston Fire Engine Company De- partment for over a quarter of a cen- tury, was also an active member of the old Volunteer Fire Department for over thirty years. He was elected Alderman of Ward 2 in 1879, and re- elected in 1883. Lie has filled for many years the position of Treasurer in Washington Lodge, No. 5, A. F. M., and is also Secretary and Treasurer of State of South Carolina. 101 Burns Charitable Society; was a mem- ber of the County and City Demo- cratic Executive Committee. The gardens are located on Friend, be- tween Tracld and Broad streets, and comprise hot-house and green-house, where domestic and tropical plant's and flowers are raised. Various de- vices are artistically arranged, viz : bouquets, wreaths, crosses, &c. ; and the variety and prettiness of the roses and flowers supplied, and the reason- ableness of the prices charged, make this the most popular floral establish- ment in the city or its vicinity. A. G. MAGRATH, Jr., Attorney at Law. One of the eminent, well known, and popular lawyers of the State of South Carolina is Mr. A. G. Magrath, Jr., who is located at No. 74 Broad street, Charleston. Mr. Magrath was born in Charleston and was educated at the Citadel Military Academy, leaving it in ’63 for the Army of Northern Virginia as aid cle camp of Jas. Conner. He became a student and read law in the office of his father, of the firm of Magrath & Lowndes, and was admitted to the 1 S. C. courts in ’67. He practiced in that firm for several years until its dissolution, and now conducts busi- ness for himself. He is a successful practitioner, and from tlie date of his inception of business on his own ac- count, has always enjoyed a success- ful business career, and holds a prom- inent rank among the members of the legal profession in the State. Mr. Magrath at present fills the of- fice of Grand Patriarch in the Grand Encampment of S. C. He organized the Montgomery Guards after the war, and was four years captain. He is at present Major and Inspec- tor General of the 4th Brigade, South Carolina volunteer troops. Mr. Ma- grath is a gentleman of great energy, high character, and extended popu- larity, and is one of the most promi- nent citizens of Charleston. He is known to the whole community, by whom he is regarded as a reliable business man, and one who gives prompt attention to all legal business intrusted to him. JULIUS L. MOSES, Real Estate Agent. Mr. Julius L. Moses started in busi- ness at the early age of fifteen years, speculating in produce and provisions, and entered business as a Real Estate Agent after the war. He is pleasantly located at 14 Broad street, is popular and old-established, and has long been identified with the real estate interests of Charleston city, and has every fa- cility for conducting business in the purchase and sale of building lots, dwellings, farm lands, and sites for manufacturing purposes ; also renting houses, collecting rents, attending to loans on bond and mortgage, and in fact is engaged in every branch of the business connected with the sale and purchase of property, etc. Mr. Moses is also interested in local ‘affairs, and has for four years been a School Com- missioner, and was first Dictator of Knights of Honor, when first started here five years ago with thirteen mem- bers, and which has increased to such an extent that it now numbers 250 members. He was 1st Commander of Legion of Honor, and is now Deputy Vice Grand for the State. Mr. Moses being a native Charlestonian, is conse- quently well known to the community in general, where he enjoys a high reputation, and is popular both as a business man and citizen. McCRADY, SONS & BACOT, Attorneys and Counsellors at Law. Edward McCrady was graduated at Yale College, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1824, and has now, therefore, been in active and continu- ous practice for sixty years. He is at present the oldest practicing lawyer in 102 City of Charleston. the State. He was appointed United States District Attorney in 1839 by President Van Buren, and continued to hold that office until 1850, when he resigned. Mr. McCrady in early life was a Unionist as against nullification, but in 1850, recognizing the conflict between his section and the North as inevitable, he resigned his position rather than be in counsel against his people. Upon his resignation of the office of District Attorney in 1850, he was immediately elected to the Legis- lature of the State, and also to the Constitutional Convention of that year, in which body he acted with the co-operationists as opposed to the se- cessionists of that day. He continued a member of the Legislature until 1860, when he was elected a member of the Convention which passed the Ordinance of Secession. He has rep- resented the old Parish of St. Philips in the Episcopal Diocesaii Convention, for a period of nearly fifty years, — and the Diocese, in the General Conven- tion of that Church in the United States, for more than thirty years. Lie has also boen a frecpient contributor to the periodical journals of this church. Practices in the State Courts, and in the District, Circuit and Su- preme Courts of the United States. Edward McCrady, Junior, was grad- uated in the College of Charleston, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1855. Upon the secession of the States, he immediately went into the military service, as Captain of a volunteer com- pany, taking part in the occupation of the forts in Charleston harbor on the 27th December, 1860. He served in Virginia, in the corps of Stonewall Jackson, until disabled from wounds, when he was transferred from the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the First South Carolina Volunteers, to the com- mand of the Camp of Instruction at Madison, Florida. He is now Major- General, commanding First Division of Volunteer State Troops. He has been the author also of several legal, political and literary tracts and essays, among which are a treatise upon the “ Territorial Jurisdiction of the United States Courts,” which has been repub- lished as an Appendix to 3 Hughes Circuit Court Ileports (U. S.), and a recent essay upon “ Education in South Carolina prior to and during the Revolution,” in reply to strictures upon South Carolina in McMaster’s History of the People of the United States. Practices in the State Courts and in the District, Circuit and Supreme Courts of the United States. Thomas W. Bacot was graduated in the College of Charleston and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1871, from which time up to 1882 he was a member of the law firm of Walker & Bacot of this city, upon the dissolution of which firm by the death of George R. Walker he formed his present connection. He has devoted himself strictly to his pro- fession. He has recently been ap- pointed a member of a Commission to revise the tax system and laws of the State, under resolution of the General Assembly, adopted at its last session. Practices in the State Courts and the District and Circuit Courts of the United States. Louis DeB. McCrady was graduated in the College of Charleston and was admitted to the bar in 1872, and has pursued his profession assiduously. He is Lieutenant-Colonel First Regi- ment Volunteer Troops. Practices in the State Courts and the District and Circuit Courts of the United States. SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY, M. Haig, Agent. The Charleston agency of this old, well known and reliable Company was established thirty years ago. An ex- tensive business is carried on between this, the great metropolis of the South, to various cities and points in South Carolina and the adjacent States. Goods are expressed by this Company over all the railroads intersecting the State, and by all the Inter-State and National Steamship Companies, and State of South Carolina. 103 a large and extensive business is car- ried on. The agent in this city is Mr. M. Haig, a native of Charleston, who is one of the most capable and efficient of business men, has had an experience of many years, is active and progres- sive, and is thoroughly posted in every detail of the business. He has been agent here now fifteen years, and un- der his supervision he has made the Express Company a real benefit to the citizens of Charleston. He has in his employ over eighteen hands, and keeps eight wagons industriously working, his staff’ of horses numbering twelve strong and fast animals. Mr. Haig took an active part in the late war, serving with the South Carolina artil- lery, which rendered good service to the cause on this coast. Mr. S. G. Pinckney, also born in Charleston, the cashier, has been with this agency since 1866, and Avas ap- pointed cashier in 1870 ; he has that correctness of method and financial ability necessary for one keeping the accounts of so large a concern. In the late war he rendered valuable service to the Confederate cause, and at the retreat at Goldsboro’, winding the flag around his body, he saA^ed the regi- ment’s colors under the hot fire of the enemy. Mr. C. P. Gardner, the money clerk, is a native of Connecticut, and came Sonth in 1865 ; he performs the duties of his office with care and pre- cision, and is a valuable servant to the Company. It is to these three gentle- gentlemen that Charleston owes the benefits derived from that most neces- sary adjunct of a city’s industries — an Express Company. W. W. WHILDEN & CO., F ACTONS AND COMMISSION MER- CHANTS, and General Agents. In commerce the vocation of the factor and commission merchant is not only a necessary, but a most im- portant one. In Charleston there are several large firms handling the two great staples of Southern soil, cotton and turpentine. Among these the firm of W. W. Whilden & Co. takes a leading place, both on account of the large and increasing amount of trans- actions, and their correct and supe- rior methods of doing business. The office and sample room, provided with a good light for the examination of the cotton staple and rosin color, are conveniently located at 8 and 10 Mid- dle Atlantic wharf, and here several competent hands, whom callers Avill find in the absence of the firm, ready and willing to answer all wants, are employed. This house does a cotton business of 5,000 or 6,000 bales annually, and in naval stores, handles 60,000 bar- rels of rosin and some 10,000 of spir- its of turpentine. They make liberal advances on consignments and have accounts with most of the large plan- tations and distilleries throughout the South, their goods being sold guaran- teed equal to sample. The business was established fourteen years ago, as Whilden & Jones, which, after an ex- istence of three years, dissolved, the present firm being formed, and has since gained the confidence of patrons and producers, and planters and merchants find it to their interest to deal with them. The partners of the firm, Mr. W. W. Whilden and Mr. C. G. Matthews, are both natives of the city, Avhere they are Avell known as among her most honorable, correct and enterprising merchants, and pub- lic-spirited citizens. As members of the Hampton Cavalry, they rendered valuable service to the Confederate cause on the fields of Virginia. Par- ties dealing with this house will find their relations pleasant, permanent and profitable. GEORGE I. CUNNINGHAM, Ex-Mayor. The road to substantial distinction lies along no royal highway. Perma- nent and Avell-founded pre-eminence and high, honorable and merited esti- 104 City of Charleston. relation with one’s fellow-citizens, is only achieved by those inspired with high aspirations, based upon immuta- ble justice, unfaltering fidelity to in- tegrity, and a stern and resolute ad- herence, under all circumstances and on every occasion, to law and religion. If governed and guided by such mo- tives ; if one’s conduct is controlled by these principles, stupendous, and what to the weak and irresolute would be appalling difficulties, are overcome. A review of the lives of successful self- made men, prominent in public life and honored in social circles, is both pleasant and profitable ; it is an ad- monition pressed home to the hearts and minds of the young with the trip- pie power of precept, example and re- ward — a demonstration of the possi- bility of the pleasure and of the glory of honorable achievements. The subject of this sketch, Mr. George i. Cunningham, was born in Monroe County, Tennessee, came to Charleston when seventeen years of age, and a year later established him- self in business at a small stand in the Market. Having adopted this city as the place of his future residence, he early took a lively interest in pub- lic affairs, and was by the military ap- pointed Alderman, the first official position he filled in that community he was destined subsequently to serve so faithfully and so well as its chief executive officer. On the expiration of his first term, he was, by a civic vote, elected Alderman for the 4th Ward, and was in 1873 elected Mayor. In 1875 a split occurred in the Repub- lican party. Mr. Cunningham was nominated on a general coalition ticket against General Wagener, a prominent, popular and public spirited German, who had served with great distinction in the late war, wdro had a powerful organ in a German paper, principally owned by his brother, the largest and wealthiest wholesale grocer and pro- vision dealer in the South, and backed by his wealth, who spared neither time, effort or money to serve his heart’s desire, the election of the Gen- eral, a distinguished soldier and an able citizen, and an eminently popular man with the German element. Not- withstanding this active, energetic and strong .opposition, Mr. Cunningham, in his first term, had so acquitted him- self, that he was re elected by a large and greatly increased majority, dis- charging with care and fidelity, and to the entire satisfaction and great benefit of this people, the responsible and arduous duties of this high office for two successive terms, winning hosts of' friends and admirers by his integrity, his unshaken adherence to the principles of his party, and just government. He was elected a County Commissioner three consecutive terms, in 1872, 1874, and 1876, and was, by reason of his executive ability, made the Chairman of the Board for each of these terms. He was an ardent, able and efficient supporter of Cham- berlain. He is one of Charleston’s most public-spirited citizens; and whether in measures devised by him- self, or in espousing those put forward by others, and which he believes to be conducive to the growth, prosperity and welfare of the city of his adop- tion, he is a most earnest, energetic and effective advocate, devoting not only largely of his time, but giving freely and liberally of those means (with which he lias been blessed as a recompense for his great tact and sa- gacity, his untiring energy, and his life-long honorable busisess methods), to bring them to a successful issue. In 1876 the people of Charleston be- gan to feel the great need of a public and greatly increased supply of water, and on the 23d day of May, of that year, this subject was brought under discussion and consideration of the Common Council, in the form of a re- port from the Commissioners of Water Works; and on account of its great importance and seriousness, engrossed much of its time and its most earnest and serious attention ; and after a care- ful consideration of the sources of State of South Carolina. 105 supply, that of the Artesian Well was adopted, and a resolution was passed that estimates be invited and received; and in accordance therewith, on the 8th day of June of the same year, a contract was entered into with F. Spangler, and in pursuance with such action, in a brief time thereafter, the Cunningham Artesian Well was open- ed, giving 200,000 gallons daily. It shortly ran waste, and remained so till 1880, and now supplies sixteen miles of piping. But for the contribution of his private means by this most philan- thropic citizen, — the contractor, Mr. Spangler, tells us, — he would have had to abandon the enterprise. In 1881 a new well was commenced, which will be finished this year, 2,000 feet in depth, and yielding 1,000,000 gallons daily. These water works are owned by a company of ten, of which Mr. Cunningham is an active director. He has taken pride and interest in se- curing for this work a triumphant success, and has spared neither time, energy or money in the consumma- tion of this his most ardent desire. Mr. Cunningham, during his official life, ever bore his burden of civic re- sponsibilities in the manner best calcu- lated in his estimation to promote the public good ; and in all the positions to which his fellow-citizens called him, he displayed an intelligence, zeal and fidelity, which have won for him the confidence, esteem and respect of the entire community. He has achieved a wondrous success, both in mercan- tile and political life ; and if we search for the secret by which he has accom- plished so much, We are led to attri- bute it to his large-heartedness and the shrewd tact and common sense which leads him always in the right direction, and which, through his long and eventful career, has never made it necessary for him to retrace a step once taken, nor to defend his conduct on any occasion. This gentleman is still actively engaged in mercantile pursuits, and is senior member of the firm of Cunningham & Brown. 8 GEORGE H. INGRAHAM, Factor and Commission Merchant, Central Wharf. Time in its ceaseless march has measured off over half a century since the foundation of this flourishing house, the subject of this sketch. It was established on 1st June, 1827, by the senior member of the present firm in the upper part of the city. In 1840 he moved down town, and the house, under the name of Ingraham & Webb, continued its prosperous career till the war, during which they dissolved part- nership. From 1867, Mr. Ingraham carried on business in partnership with his son till 1880, since when this staunch and reliable house has been continued by Mr. Ingraham alone. The facilities enjoyed by Mr. In- graham, for the transaction of a large business, are not surpassed by any establishment of the kind in Charleston. He has commodious wharf privileges and ample storage capacity. He is honorable and liberal in his methods of doing business, giving- satisfaction to both growers and buyers. Mr. Geo. W. Ingraham, is one of Charleston’s oldest and most respected citizens. He has represented, from time to time, between 1832 and 1880, the 3d ward on the Aldermanic board, fulfilling his arduous duties to the entire satisfaction of his constituency under several different mayors. In the civil conflict, he took an active part in sup- porting, under Calhoun, the great law of a free people, State Rights, and has, at all times, been an influential factor in the advance of South Carolina’s po- litical dues and commercial welfare. JOHN J. MOLONY, Ship Broker and Commission Merchant. There is no avocation that has a more direct and appreciable influence in building up and promoting the commercial importance of a sea-port, 106 City of Charleston. than that of the ship broker. Promi- nent among these in Charleston is Mr. John J. Molony, ship broker and com- mission merchant, whose office is con- veniently located on Central Wharf. He started for himself three years ago, and has built up no inconsiderable busi- ness, handling in the year over 250 vessels, trading mostly with the West Indies and along the coast. As a com- mission merchant, Mr. Molony has ex- tensive transactions in general mer- chandise, his increasing engagements necessitating the employment of three competent hands. He has also a large interest in three vessels trading on the Atlantic coast, and to the West Indies. Mr. Molony is a native of Charleston, is a man therefore well known for his strict probity, and commercial integ- rity, and forms a valuable aid to the business and social communities. MIKELL & SIMONDS, Storage and Commission Merchants, Southern Wharves. Mikell & Simonds established themselves in the storage and com- mission business on the southern wharves of Charleston in the spring of 1883. They make liberal advances on goods or produce, either stored or consigned. They have large ware- houses and sheds, and connect by rail with all railroads running to the city. The valuable property on which this business is conducted, is owned by Dr. Andrew Simonds, the father of the junior proprietor, who is one of the most prominent, and public-spirited citizens, and leading capitalists of Charleston, holding the high and re- sponsible position of President of the the First National Bank of this city, one of the oldest and most conserva- tive and soundest financial institu- tions of the South. The gentlemen who compose this firm are young men of high character and position, Mr. W. L. Mikell being a native of Charleston, and Mr. Andrew Simonds, Jr., a native of Abbeville, the place of nativity not only of his father and mother, but of generations of his an- cestors. S. B. THOMAS, Window Shades, Paper Hangings, Lace Curtains, Cornices and Upholstery Goods. The market for fine paper hangings, and decorations, never was in better condition, and never before, has there been presented, such elaborate designs, and beautiful patterns, in wall papers, that serve to transform, the plain, and unattractive house, into a fairy para- dise, at prices so astonishingly reason- able. A desirable house, at which, to secure all that is new, and beautiful, in this line, is that of Mr. S. B. Tho- mas, located at No. 320 King street. This business, was established, in 1872, by Messrs. Thomas and Townlinson. In 1877, Mr. Thomas, the senior mem- ber of the old firm, became the sole proprietor of the establishment. His store is 30x100 feet, in dimensions, is admirably fitted up, modern, and pro- vided with every convenience. He carries, a full, and complete line, of, paper hangings, decorations, borders- dados, friezes, window shades, lace cur- tains, cornices, and upholstery goods, which are principally manufactured by the proprietor, who also makes window awnings to order. He em- ploys, from two to four assistants. His trade comes from throughout the city, and the surrounding country, and grows in magnitude, and importance, each succeeding year. Mr. Thomas, was born in Charleston, as a business man, he has few superiors, as a skilled mechanic, in every department of his trade, he ranks with the best, while as a citizen, he enjoys the respect and confidence, of the entire community. T. BAPJvER JONES, General Grain and Provision Broker. Mr. T. Barker Jones, the subject of our sketch, is one of the energetic and State of South Carolina. 107 rising business men of Charleston. He is a native of the city, and received his education under the free school system, and when quite a youth en- listed in the State Militia, stationed during the latter part of the war be- tween the States, at Columbia, S. C. In business he is noted for his correct- ness and promptitude in everything he takes charge of. He was formerly in the grain business, and has been in his present line since 1878. He is a general broker, and places large quan- tities of general merchandise for local consumption, on small margins, and his patronage is steadily increasing. In social circles Mr. Jones is an influ- ential factor. Is an influential mem- ber of the K. of P. and I. O. G. T., and in military organizations takes an active part, and is a life member of the famous Washington Light Infan- try. In politics he also has played several important parts. He was Chair- man of the Democratic party in 1877 in Charleston, and also member of the County Committee. Last year he ran as Probate Judge on the Independent ticket in Charleston County. The same year was delegate to the first Independent Convention held in this State, from Charleston County, filling those various positions with credit to himself, and the parties whose prin- ciples he has always so ably advocated. W. M. MUCKENFUSS, Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Equity, No 11 Broad Street. The subject of this sketch, known as one of tne most able lawyers of our city, is a descendant of the Mucken- fusses and Dorrills, who figured in the Revolutionary war. He was born in Charleston, and after leaving school entered in the Confederate cause, the Washington Light Infantry, 25th South Carolina Regiment, as a private, and for meritorious service was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant. His regiment was mostly engaged on this coast, and was much of the time in Forts Sumter and Wagner. They were also eighteen months in Virginia, and took part in the bloodiest battles of the campaign, including Petersburg, where Lieut. Muckenfuss was wounded. He also for six months suffered the mise- ries of Point “ Look Out,” Prison. After the cessation of hostilities he read law in the office of Messrs. Simon- ton & Barker, and was admitted to the bar in 1807, since when he has been practicing in this city, and has, on ac- count of his exhaustive knowledge of the profession, gained a large practice, more especially in Equity cases, a line only those having the most extended and lucid acquaintance with the laws can prosecute. In politics Mr. Muckenfuss, also takes an active part, and has been delegate to all the State and National Conventions, taking' a prominent part for Hancock’s nomi- nation, at Cincinnati, in 1880. From 1876 to 1882 he filled the position of Treasurer of the town of Moultrieville, to the satisfaction of its inhabitants, and from 1873 till 1880 was Clerk of the City Court, performing his duties with correctness and method. Mr. Muckenfuss has ever had the further- ance of the great principles of the Democratic party at heart, and is well and favorably known to the people of this State and city, as an influential member of professional and social circles. He also takes an interest in military organizations, and is at pres- ent lieutenant in the oldest regiment in the country, the Washington Light Infantry. An interesting sketch of his life was published in the weekly News and Courier, 21th May, 1882. ALVA GAGE & CO. Shipping, Steamboat and City Trade Supplied. Ice Packed for the Country a Specialty'. It needs no other argument to prove the immense blessing that ice is to the communities of all nations, than the immense trade done in it all over the 108 City of Charleston. world, especially in the hot days of Summer, when it is an article of con- sumption, as necessary as food for human sustenance. The largest ice business carried on in Charleston, is that of Alva Gage & Co. This house was established by the senior member of the above named firm in 1853. After having conducted a prosperous and lucrative business for many years, this gentleman, in 1875, took into part- nership Mr. S. Lapham, Jr. Then- storehouse is known by the name of the Charleston Ice House, is located on the corner of Market and Church streets, has a storage capacity of two thousand tons, with ample additional capacity for storage of material and apparatus for distribution of the large amount of ice handled by them, being double the quantity sold by any other establishment in the city. Their trade is large and lucrative, importations amounting annually to about ten thou- sand tons. Shipping, steamboat and city trade are supplied by this house. Ice packed for the country is a special- ty with them. They give steady em- ployment to from twenty to twenty- five men, and to a much larger force in addition in summer, almost con- stantly in discharging their vessels. Five two horse wagons for distribution to families, and several additional teams for supplying larger consumers are used in their business. Mr. Gage is a native of New England, and is a public-spirited citizen. Mr. Lapham, the junior partner, is a native of Mas- sachusetts. These gentlemen have extensive experience, fine business qualifications and ability, and thor- oughly conversant with all the details of the business and require- ments of the trade, and are respect- ed and esteemed as merchants and citizens. JOHN PAUL & CO., Grocers. This old stand is well known to the whole community, having been occu- pied as a grocer}^ for a period of nearly 80 years. It was first started by the firm of Tate & Wilson, who were suc- ceeded by Wilson & Paul, the latter the father of the present proprietor — afterward by J. & D. Paul, and then was known as Paul & Brown ; then as Paul, Brown & Co., and afterward, as D. Paul & Co., but is now, and has been for the last ten years under the firm name of Jno. Paul & Co. Mr. Paul conducts a large, widespread bus- iness, and is indefatigable in his en- deavors to please his patrons, and to furnish them with the very best qual- ity of goods at the lowest prices. The store is eligibly located on the corner, 47 Broad street, and is of spacious di- mensions, having a frontage of 40 feet, by 100 in depth, and is provided with every convenience and facility for bus- iness transactions, and for the display of the large stock of choice staple and fancy groceries, that are always to be found here, together with canned goods, provisions of all kinds. A spe- cialty is made of pure, choice teas, cot- fees and spices, and the best brands of family flour. It takes the united aid of six experienced clerks in waiting on customers, and filling orders. Mr. Paul was born in Scotland, and came to the United States in 1848, and during his business career, has been eminently successful, and has estab- lished a large trade, extending over the city, and environs. Since his residence in Charleston, he has won, by his hon- orable policy in conducting business, the esteem of the whole community. His copartner, Mr. Geo. Paul, is faith- ful and considerate in the discharge of his duties, and has become popular and won many friends. As merchants, they have every fa- cility for making their purchases in large quantities, upon the most advan- State of South Carolina. 109 tageous terms, and their patrons re- ceive the benefit of their experience and these advantages, in first quality goods and at the very lowest prices. JNO. C. MILLAR, • Attorney at Law. Mr. John C. Millar, a member of the Charleston bar, is a native of this city, and at the age of nineteen left his studies to enter the Confederate army. He went to Virginia as a private in the 2nd Regiment S. C. volunteer infantry, commanded by Col. (afterwards Maj .-General) Ker- shaw, which was the first regiment from this State mustered into the Confederate service. He participated in the bloody engagements in which his command bore a distinguished part, until wounded at the battle of Malvern Hill. He was then promoted to be Serg’t-Major of the 2nd Regi- ment S. C. V. artillery, and served in that capacity, until the close of the war, taking part in the heroic defence of Battery W agner, upon Morris Island, near Charleston, and in the other engagements upon the coast, and afterwards in North Carolina, in which his command was engaged under General Joe Johnson. After the war Mr. Millar resumed his stud- ies and was admitted to the bar, from the offices of Messrs. Brewster, Spratt & Burke, and the late Chief Justice Dunkin, of Charleston, after a public examination. Mr. Millar conducts a successful and growing practice. M. F. KENNEDY & BRO., Auctioneers and Real Estate Agents. Among the leading representatives in this line of business in Charleston are Mr. M. F. Kennedy & Bro., Mr. P. H. Kennedy, who succeeded their father at his death in 79. They are among the busiest business men of the city, and conduct a large trade in real estate and auctioneering, and are prominent in financial matters in the city. They buy and sell property, farm lands, and building lots, lease and rent houses and lands, collect rents, and attend promptly to every thing pertaining to the business. In the auctioneer’s department all goods are sold on commission, and the sales comprise every class of property, and a large trade is done all over the State. They do business and are pleasantly located at 54 Broad street, the office being of ample dimensions — 20x50 feet. Both of the members of the firm were born in Charleston, and Mr. M. F. Kennedy was elected to the Legislature from the city of Charles- ton last fall, unopposed. This firm have won the confidence and regard of all classes of the community in Charleston, and are respected not alone for their high business qualities, but also for their qualities as gentle- men and upright, useful citizens. L. SAHLMANN, 65 East Bay. Prominent, among the large well known, and popular houses, engaged in his line of business, is that of Mr. L. Sahlmann, dealer, in corn, oats, peas, beans, feed of all kinds, rice flour, bags and twine, and manufacturer of grist and meal. The store, is a large brick building, 33x100 feet in dimen- sions, and four stories high. This business, was established, by its enter- 110 City of Charleston. prising proprietor, in 1870. He enters annually, into contract, with the pro- prietor, of an extensive mill, for the grist and meal ground by him. He has a thorough knowledge, of all the details of this business, has unsur- passed facilities for its transaction, has a large acquaintance with producer, and consumer, possesses superior op- portunities, for procuring his supplies, and has as large a trade, calling into requisition, the services of nine com- petent assistants, and three trucks, to fill the orders and meet the require- ments of his customers. He deals wholesale. Mr. Sahlmann,is a native of Charleston, though born of foreign parents, and during his business career, has won the esteem, and confidence, of the entire mercantile community, and the substantial success, with which he has met, speaks well for his enterprise and business ability. WILLIAM M. BIRD & CO., Dealers in Oils, White Lead, Col- ors, Window Glass, &c. This house, was established in 1866. In 1881, Mr. William M. Bird admitted Mr. Henry F. West in the firm, and continued business un- der the firm name and style of Wil- liam M. Bird & Co., as dealers in oils, white lead, colors, window glass, &c. The premises occupied by this house is a building three stories in height, with cellar, is 22x148 feet in dimen- sions, is thoroughly fitted up and adapted for, the expeditious transac- tion of its immense business, requir- ing to satisfy its demands, besides the unremitting attention of the active, energetic proprietors, the services of ten competent assistants, and the use of three trucks. The stock consists of paints of all kinds in quantities to suit, in cans, kegs, barrels, or by the pound. They carry also, in large quantities, oils, varnishes, furniture polishes, white lead, window glass, machine oil, col- ors, roof paints, mixed paints, brushes of all kinds, and in general a full line ! of that class of goods denominated painters’ supplies. The stock carried has a representative value of many thousands of dollars. The trade done by this house is the larger than that of any house of its kind in South Car- olina, and extends throughout this State, North. Carolina, Georgia and Florida. They are also the Agents for South Carolina for Howe’s Standard Scales, and Marvin’s Safes, and are prepared to supply the mercantile and commercial community with these almost indispensible requisites of every business house, of any size, and of all degrees of finish, from the factories of these renowned manufacturers. They are prompt and reliable dealers, and their house is so managed and con- ducted, as to be a credit to Charleston, South Carolina’s greatest business center. P. McGREGOR McINNES, Horse Siioer, etc. One of the best known business men in this section of the city, and promi- nent on account of the quality of his workmanship, is Air. McGregor Mcln- nes, who has been for nearly thirty years, engaged in the horse shoeing line. He learned his trade with his father, the oldest and best known blacksmith in Charleston, Ben.j. Mcln- nes, and worked in his shop many years He afterwards moved to Savan- nah, Ga., where, for five years, he car- ried on a lucrative trade. Resolving to return to his native place, he estab- lished himself at 7} Spring street, in this city, in 1881, and by industry and perseverance, coupled with his practical knowledge of horse shoeing, has gain- ed an extended patronage. He makes a specialty of fixing fine shoes, 6 and 7 ozs, oil racing, riding and fast trot- ting animals, for which work his' skill especially fits him. He is patronized by the leading gentlemen in the coun- try. In the shop two able and expe- rienced assistants are employed. Mr. Mclnnes took a diploma at the S. C. State of South Carolina. Ill Agricultural Society, in ’78, and in ’79 was awarded at the same exhibit, a medal for the excellent finish, strength and durability of his work. This gentleman is well known to all as a native of Charleston, and his attention to and knowledge of horse shoeing, has made the success he has met with, assured. WILLIAM T. ELFE, Trial Justice and Notary Public. The subject of our sketch ranks among the most popular of our citi- zens. Mr. Elfe was born in Charles- ton, and received his early education at her best schools. He commenced life as a mechanic, continuing at that trade, till he took upon himself the duties of Superintendent to the Boat- man Phosphate Company, which po- sition his training and natural intelli- gence enabled him to fill with the greatest satisfaction to its proprietors, for many years. In 1878 he received the popular Democratic vote of Charleston County, and was elected to represent it in the Legislature for the term of two years. In the different positions held by Mr. Elfe, he mani- fested much zeal, and his duties were so impartially transacted, that he merit- ed the esteem and respect of all with whom he had business relationship. Having shown at all times that deep interest, which is. characteristic of his nature and disposition, it was deemed but only just and proper to him, who has always labored with indefatigable energy toward promoting and advanc- ing Democratic principles, to appoint him to the position he has so ably filled, for now four years, as Trial Jus- tice of Charleston County. Mr. Elfe is also foreman of Truck No. 2 in the Fire Department,' and Commissioner of Public Lands, in both of which offices, he has acquitted himself with his usual courage, tact and sense of justice. Personally, Mr. Elfe is a genial and courteous gentle- man, and fully merits the high regard in which he is held by the commu- nity, and it is safe to assert that higher and greater honors, are in store for this popular gentleman. COL. CHARLES H SIMONTON, Attorney and Counsellor. The law offices of the Honorable Col. Chas. H. Simonton, Attorney and Counsellor at law, are located at No. 15 Broad street. This gentleman, is recognized as one of the leading and most able lawyers in Charleston. He is a native of Charleston. He acquired his primary education in this, the city of his birth, and after a course of col- legiate studies, graduated from the South Carolina College with the first honor of his class in 1849. He then commenced reading law in the office of the Honorable R. Monroe, and ap- plying himself with great assiduity to the study of his profession, he was admitted to practice at a General Term of the Supreme Court held at Colum- bia, in 1851. Endowed with fine nat- ural gifts, having a well disciplined mind, of large and varied attainments, thoroughly well read in his profession, having enjoyed for years, a large, va- ried and lucrative practice, a conscien- tious and pains-taking counsellor, an able and forcible advocate, he occupies a foremost position, in the first rank of Charleston’s lawyers. He was admit- ted to practice in the United States Circuit Courts in 1852. In the war between the States, he was Colonel in Hagood’s Brigade of Infantry, and was mainly on coast, afterwards in trenches around Petersburg. As rep- resentative of a constituency, he voted for its call of convention, in 1860, was, in 1865, elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Was, before the war, a member of the Blouse for three consecutive terms, for Charleston coun- ty. Is now a member of the House, having been elected continuously since 1877, and is Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Is member of the United States Bar Association, and 112 City of Charleston. in 1859, formed a copartnership with Mr. Theodore G. Barker, transacting with great success, a large professional business in all the civil courts of the State, such as drawing wills, deeds, bonds, mortgages and legal instru- ments, foreclosing mortgages, attend- ing to partition suits, collecting notes; hills of exchange, and claims of all kinds, and attending to such business as may be entrusted to him in the line of his profession, with zeal, fidelity, and for the best interest of his client. MAJOR TTIEO. G. BARKER, Attorney at Law. Theo. G. Barker, Esq., has been a prominent figure, at the bar of South Carolina for many years. Born in Charleston, he received his early edu- cation at, and graduated from, the South Carolina College in 1849. ITe then studied law in the office of Judge Munro, and was admitted to practice at the general term examination at Columbia, in 1853. Entering upon his career, the young attorney rapidly came to the front, and built up a lu- crative practice. At the outbreak of the civil war he responded with alac- rity to the call to arms, and in Decem- ber, 1860, enlisted as Adjutant of the Rifle Regiment, under Colonel I. Johnston Pettigrew; afterwards, in May, 1861, was appointed Adjutant of Hampton’s Legion, and fought in the army of Northern Virginia, right on to the final suspension of hostilities, in August, 1865. He was engaged at the famous First Manassas, and was with Hampton’s Cavalry throughout the most bloody and trying campaigns of modern war, and in October, 1864, was wounded in the vicinity of Peters- burg, Va., and afterwards near Cheraw, S. C. Under all circumstances, in camp or in the thickest of the fight, he exhibited a zeal and valour only instigated by his having the welfare of the cause, and the interests of the people nearest his heart. In 1865 he was chosen member of the State Leg- islature, serving the term of the pro- visional government. He was a dele- gate to the National Convention at Cincinnati, which nominated Hancock, and took an active part in the resto- ration of the State in 1876, from the rule of the party of corruption and ignorance. But it is in his own pro- fession Major Barker, stands most pre- eminent, and as a lawyer is considered thoroughly well read, possessing a vigorous intellect, and much clearness and felicity of expression. As an ad- vocate he is eloquent and convincing, and just toward his adversary. Pie has successfully won several important cases in the United States Supreme Court, among which we might men- tion that on the question of liability of stockholders of the broken banks, and on behalf of the Cheraw and Dar- lington Railroad on the railroad tax question, and the recent case of Phipps vs. Wagner, on behalf of the children of Col. Frank Hampton. He formed a partnership with Col. Charles IT. Simonton in 1859, and with him has ever since been associated in business, the office of the firm being located at 15 Broad street. He is one of the most influential of the prominent men in the State, is a public-spirited citi- zen, espousing and advocating with earnestness and effectiveness whatever will be conducive to the public good, and increase the importance of the community. F. D. C. KRACKE, ITay and Grain Merchant. One of the oldest representative mer- chants, engaged in the corn and feed business in Charleston, is Mr. F. D. C. Ivracke, who started in this line thirty- seven years ago. The premises util- ized for business purposes consist of a spacious two-story frame building, eligibly located at No. 1 Doughty street, fifty feet by one hundred in ex- tent, having a large capacity for the storage of stock, which includes all the various grades of corn, oats, bran, hay, State of South Carolina. 113 grist, meal, and all other kinds of feed, such as baled hay, straw, etc. Mr. Kracke has every facility for the trans- action of his extensive business, and competing with any house in South Carolina, can always meet demands made upon him, either in large or small quantities. He has conveniences for obtaining supplies, that enable him to furnish his merchandise to con- sumers at the lowest market prices. He is ably assisted in the multifarious duties of his growing patronage, by his two sons, and to facilitate the hand- ling and delivery of goods, has two trucks constantly engaged, while in his stables he keeps seven fine-bred horses. He is a native of Hanover, and came to this country forty years ago, and by his energetic, upright and honorable methods of doing business, has met with an unbounded success, and has gained the good-will of all classes of the community, where he is recognised as a large property holder and enterprising financier. CHARLESTON HOTEL, E. LI. Jackson, Proprietor. The Charleston Hotel is centrally located, and one of the finest, most conspicuous and attractive buildings in Charleston in an architectural point of view. It is a large, most sub- stantially built four-story building, CHARLESTON HOTEL. covering an area of ground 150x250 feet in dimensions, and has, extending across its front, spacious porches cov- ered by a projection of the roof of the main building, those of the upper stories being supported by Corinthian, and those of the lower floors by Trojan pillars. It is the most noted hotel in South Carolina, and the only first- class hotel in the city. On the first floor are the office, the reading room, the bar rooms and billiard hall, dining- room, reception room and gentlemen’s parlor. On the second floor are pub- lic and private parlors and, rooms en suite for families. The remaining floors are occupied for sleeping apart- ments and suites, accessible by spacious 114 City of Charleston . stairways, elevators, and airy halls. The rooms, one hundred and seventy in number, are well lighted and ven- tilated, and heated by open grates, (the halls being heated by steam) and furnished in the most complete manner, the furniture and upholster- ing being of modern design and fin- ish. The spacious dining room will seat hundreds of guests, and the cuisine is under the supervision of competent and professional heads. Everything that modern improve- ments could suggest in the way of baths, barber shop, electric communi- cators, artesian water, &c., are here found, and that solid comfort at reasonable rates can be had at the Charleston Hotel, is evidenced by the fact that persons once having stopped here, are sure to return, when they again visit this part of the country. For the amusement of their guests, there is connected with this house, one of the most completely equipped bil- liard rooms, provided with tables of the most renowned makers, and com- plete in all their appointments. The bar is stocked with the best brands of imported and domestic wines and liquors, and a fine assortment of im- ported and domestic cigars can be found displayed in the attractive cases of the cigar department. Con- nected with this house is a livery, hav- ing a number of fine, stylish horses and fashionable carriages, for the ac- commodation of the guests or the general public, to be let for business or other purposes, and upon reasona- ble rates. There is also run a line of omnibuses to meet all trains, and take passengers any where they desire. The present proprietor, Mr. E. H. Jackson, assumed control of this hotel fifteen .years ago. The conduct of this im- mense hostelrie, calls into requisition the services of one hundred and ten employees. In the office, he is ably assisted by the following genial and urbane clerks: Messes. E. W. Powers, C. A. Classen and A. V. Green, all na- tives of Charleston. Bookkeeper and ) cashier H. P. Jackson, Mr. P. W. Pow- ers, head clerk, a native of Vermont. Its proprietor, Mr. E. H. Jackson, is a native of Vermont, has resided many years in Charleston, is one of the mos : t widely known, popular and public- spirited citizens, takes an active in- terest in the city’s welfare, represents his ward in the Board of Aldermen. Without exception the Charleston Hotel is the best conducted first-class hotel in the South, and guests will at all times find here courteous and prompt attention, a pleasant locality, cultured society, and everything to make them feel at home and comfort- able. J. B. E. SLOAN & SON, Cotton Factors and Commission Merchants. It is only by careful study, such as has been made in compiling this work that anything like a complete under- standing of the magnitude and extent of the transactions in cotton, the great staple production of the South, can be acquired. It has been the aim of the writer in this work, to present a brief and truthful statement of the extent and principal characteristics of each industry, without making invidious comparisons, and thus lay before our readers, a reliable picture of the several trade accommodations and advantages Charleston offers. Among the exten- sive mercantile houses, which claim our notice, none deserve more favor- able consideration at our hands than that of Messrs. J. B. E. Sloan & Son, Cotton Factors and General Commis- sion Merchants, Brown’s Wharf. The senior member of this well known house, established the business in Janu- ary, 1866. In 1870 Mr. J. M. Seignious was associated with him, under the firm name of Messrs. Sloan & Seig- nious, which firm was dissolved in 1881, Mr. .J. B. E. Sloan associating his son, Louis F. Sloan, with him, un- der the firm name of J. E. B. Sloan & Son, who conduct a lucrative business State of South Carolina. 115 in this line, under the name and style that heads this sketch. They have a large acquaintance, and do a large commission business. They havegood facilities for the transaction of this line of business. They are prepared at all times, to furnish liberal supplies to planters, and generous advances on consignments. They are prompt in settling and closing their accounts, and reliable in all their dealings. They are able and efficient business men, are thoroughly versed in all the details of this business, and give employment, in their multitude of transactions, to three efficient clerks. The individual members of this firm are Mr. -J. B. E. Sloan, who is a native of Georgia, was reared in Anderson County, South Carolina, and has for a number of years resided in Charles- ton ; is one of its most active, merchants, and one of its public spirited citizens ; represents 8th Ward in the Board of Aldermen ; is an efficient officer, tak- ing an active part in the counsels and management of one of the largest and most successful business enterprises of South Carolina, namely, the Edisto Phosphate Company, of which he is the treasurer, and general agent (of the merits of which Company the reason- able limits of an article of this nature prohibit here further mention) ; its history will be given in another sketch. This gentleman is also one of South Carolina’s most patriotic citi- zens, with filial devotion to the cause of his country. The Fourth South Carolina Regiment, of which he was the Colonel, was among the first which Avent to Virginia at his country’s call to arms, the junior partner, Louis F. Sloan, Avas born in Anderson ; is a courteous gentleman, holding an hon- orable position in Charleston’s social and business circles. L. D. MOWRY & SON, Factors and Commission Merchants. In a mercantile community there are houses, Avhose age alone would render them worthy of marked re- spect, and when coupled therewith is an honorable name and ready adapta- bility to changing commercial laivs, the A'enerable and important position they hold among their contemporaries is a distinguished one indeed. Among such of the houses doing a cotton factorage and commission busi- ness in Charleston, Ave note the Avell- known firm of L. D. Mowry & Son. Founded in 1816, and therefore the oldest extant house, doing a factorage business in the city, the firm has out- rode all the vicissitudes of foreign and domestic wars, all the seasons of mer- cantile depression and the financial crises, that have sAvept over the country and to-dav is recognized as one of the most staunch and reliable houses of its kind,i n South Carolina. Smith Mow- ry, -Jr., the founder of this ancient house, was born in Smithfield, R. I., and came to Charleston when only 21 years old ; he carried on business alone till 1845, when the firm became S. Mowry & Son, and about 1854, W. S. Mowry Avas taken into the firm, the name becoming S. & L. Mowry & Co. ; it remained so for six years, when E. S. a third brother, was taken into the firm, the name becoming Mowry & Co., and so remained till the death of E.S., in 1863, when it became L. D. Mowry & Co. ; and in October, 1865, without any change of partnership, Mowry & Co, Mr. A.H. Mowry being admitted in Jan nary, 1869. On the 1st of January 1870, Mr. W. S. Mowry retired from the firm to become a member of the NeAV York Cotton Exchange, where he has since been successfully operating, and is generally acknowledged to be a man of large means, when Mr. L. D. Mowry formed a partnership with his son, Mr. A. H. Mowry, the firm taking its present name and style. During its long years of busines asctivity this firm has never became for a moment embar- rassed, a fact which places it in the front rank of the mercantile enter- prises of the South, and has gained for its members an envied and honorable reputation in mercantile circles. They 116 City of Charleston. now do one of the largest businesses in Charleston, handling from 12,000 to 15,000 bales of cotton annually. They make advances on liberal terms to, and have large accounts with, many of the principal growers throughout the country. Their important trade, ne- cessitates the employment of four com- petent and experienced hands, who will be found, in the absence of the proprietors, polite and ready to meet the demands of customers, who may favor the firm with a call at their offices, conveniently located on Cen- tral Wharf. Mr. L. L>. Mowry, the senior mem- ber of the firm, was born in Charles- ton, on 22d June, 1824, and during his long life has ever held the highest position as a trustworthy and reli- able merchant, and, socially, is val- ued by many as a friend. ITe was formerly President of the Union Bank, and also Director in the Northeastern Railroad, and the Macon and Western Railroad, in all of which positions he performed his duties with an unselfish end to the thorough satisfaction of all. He at present ably fills the chair of the Board of Commissioners of the Charleston Orphan Home, and is an influential member of the Chamber of Commerce. The junior member, Mr. A. II. Mowry, was born on 2d July, 1847, in Charleston, and has strictly adhered to the correct business meth- ods and honorable dealings, which have always characterized the family. Socially lie is an active and well known member of the community, and fills the position of President of the Queen City Club of this city, and also is an energetic member of a number of the military organizations of the State, having been Chief Ordnance Officer, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, on the staff of Gen. II. H. Rutledge four years. Also takes an active part in politics, and is a member of the County Democratic Execu- tive Committee, and Treasurer of the Democratic party in Charles- ton. ALEX. MELCIIERS, Vienna Bakery. Prominent among the business en- terprises of Charleston, and one which takes a leading place in its line, is the popular “ Vienna Bakery ” of Mr. Mel- chers, conveniently and centrally lo- cated at 381 King St. This is one of the oldest established bakeries in town, having been founded by its present proprietor in 1852. Since its inception its patronage has steadily increased, till it now supplies the leading fami- lies throughout the city, for insuring prompt delivery to whom, four wagons are kept constantly employed. The premises occupied are large, well adapted to, and conveniently arranged for, carrying on such a large trade as Mr. Melchers enjoys. He requires four- teen competent and skilled hands to do the work of the establishment, and when we mention that from fifty to sixty barrels of flour are used on an average weekly, outside parties may form some idea of the magni- tude of the business. From the ovens are turned out bread of the most wholesome make, and from best flour only, and cakes and pies of all varie- ties ; also, all kinds of confections are manufactured, which likewise give great satisfaction to customers. In every way the owner has made his establishment a favorite one, and by close attention and using only the best materials, and care in having the most experienced help, stands to-day in a merited position, as the owner of the most popular bakery in Charleston. Mr. Alex. Melchers is a native of Oldenburg, and came to the United States in 1850, and during his long residence in the Palmetto city, has won many social honors, among which we may mention his having ably filled the position of President of the Ger- man Friendly Society, a charitable in- stitution, dating back a generation before Revolutionary times. Politi- cally he has also gained distinction State of South Carolina. 117 and represented the County of Charles- ton in the State Legislature in 1875 and 1876, fulfilling his duties to the greatest satisfaction of his fellow mem- bers and an intelligent constituency. OTTO TIEDEMAN & SONS, Grocers, Provision Dealers and Commission Merchants. Among the many enterprises neces- sary to complete the commercial re- sources of a city, none is of more im- portance to the community, than that of the wholesale grocer and provision dealer, as being one of the main factors in the furnishing our food supplies. Prominent among the larger houses engaged in this line of trade, is that of Mr. Otto Tiedeman & Sons, located at Nos. 102 and 104 East Bay street. The building utilized by this firm is four stories high, is 50x150 feet in di- mensions, with an L besides, and is taxed to its utmost capacity to meet the exigencies of their transactions. This house was established in 1871, under the style of Tiedeman, Calder & Co., who did a large and lucra- tive business down to 1874, when Mr. Calder retiring from the concern, the sons, John C. and Otto Jr., of the se- nior proprietor, succeeded to the in- terest of the retiring partner. The stock of goods carried is large, com- prehensive, and well selected, and em- braces everything in the way of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, and is particularly full in the line of pro- visions, and has a representative value of fifty thousand dollars. The con- nections of the house with both pro- ducers and consumers, are wide, ex- tending- throughout the State. They give employment to fifteen assistants, and besides two trucks of their own, in the busy season, are forced to hire others, to meet the requirements of their patrons. Beside dealing on their own account in the above line, they also sell large quantities of provisions on commission, making liberal ad- vances on consignments, when desired, being just and honorable in their deal- ings with the consignors, and prompt in their settlement of their accounts. The long practical experience cf the proprietors in the business, give them advantages in procuring supplies, not possessed by any of their competitors, and makes it a desirable thing for those engaged in the trade, to inspect their stock and prices before purchasing elsewhere. It may, in fact, be said of the patrons of this house, that having been once connected with it in trade relations, the connection is seldom bro- ken. The senior proprietor is a native of Hanover, came to this country in IS39, has resided in Charleston many y ears; his sons were both born in Charles ton they are well known throughout this section of country, and have gained the confidence and esteem of the com- munity, by whom they are regarded as honorable business men and useful citizens. M. J. TREAILY, Job Carpenter, Etc. Among the rising business men of Charleston, we take pleasure in men- tioning the name of Mr. T realiy. On February last this gentleman opened his shop in Horlback Alley, and has already gained a wide patronage throughout the city. His shop occu- pies a spacious brick building, 40x100 feet, well arranged and fitted up for this line of trade. He employs to as- sist him two competent workmen. Beside all kinds of carpentry work, in which he is especially skilled, Mr. Treahy executes orders as a manufac- turer and builder, and the character of his work amply testifies to his skill. He does all kinds of interior wood work, overhauling, refitting, etc., for stores, offices and dwellings, in the neatest and most finished manner. He is a native of Charleston, and has devoted his attention to the business from boy- hood. He is a man with the vigor of youth, energetic, clear-headed and practical, and undoubtedly has a bright future before him. 118 State of South Carolina. COLBURN & SCHACTE, General Insurance Agents. The question of insurance has be- come of vast importance to property owners throughout the country, and closely concerns all branches of busi- ness, and in relation to commercial cred- it, is identified with the mercantile and commercial interests of every locality. Among the oldest and most prominent of Charleston’s insurance agents, stands the firm of Colburn & Schaclite, whose office is centrally and conveniently lo- cated at 7 Broad street. The house has had a prosperous existence for now over thirty years, was formerly carried on under the name of Colburn & Howell, afterwards J. Id. Colburn & Son, and has been now known to the community for three years, under the present style. They represent the fol- lowing well known, staunch and re- liable companies : The Germania, the Westchester, the Hanover, the Stand- ard and the Citizen Fire Insurance Companies of New York, the British- Jm erica Fire of Toronto, the Factors’ and Traders’ of New Orleans, also Equitable New York Lite. They also represent the Underwriter’s Agency for New York city. Insurance is ef- fected to any amount on all classes of insurable property, and at lowest rates, and the adjusting of risks is also at- tended to by them. By the judicious and correct manner in which the busi- ness is conducted in all its depart- ments, this house now stands as an example in this city of what can be ob- tained by honorable business methods, and the prompt payment of all losses. Mr. Schacte, the junior member of the firm, also carries on a considerable auctioneering, real estate and stock brokerage business. Mr. J. P. Colburn and Mr. Henry Schachte are both na- tives of Charleston, where they have been long and favorably known in business and social circles. The latter gentleman takes an active interest in military affairs and is .at present Cap- tain of the German Fusiliers. BARDIN & MURDOCH, Cotton and Naval Store Factors, General Commission Merchants. Among the many merchants carry- ing on a cotton and naval store fac- torage and commission business in Charleston, none demand more atten- tion than Messrs. Bardin & Murdoch, who occupy a large three-story build- ing utilised for storage purposes, the capacity being 600 bales, and on the first floor is the office, with a well lit sample room attached, conveniently located on corner of Brown’s Wharf and Prioleau street. This house was established three years ago, by Mr. Isaac V. Bardin, who was joined by Mr. J. H. Murdoch, and since its in- ception has rapidly increased its trans- actions, till it now takes a high rank among its contemporaries. They han- dle in the season, besides 12,000 bales of midland and upland cotton, some 50,000 barrels rosin and 15,000 barrels spirits of turpentine. To planters the firm makes liberal ad- vances on consignments, have ac- counts wdth many of the principal growers in the State, and count on their books, the names of the largest buyers in the market. The partners of the firm are both natives of North Carolina, and during their career in Charleston have, by their close atten- tion to, prompt and honorable methods of doing business, gained many friends in mercantile circles, and occupy re- spected positions in social life. The junior partner was formerly with F. W. Wagener & Co. Parties dealing with this young and rising house, will find its members pleasant and correct merchants, and relations with them will never fail to be profitable and per- manent. T. J. KENNEDY, Horse Shoeing, Wheelwright, etc., No 114 Church Street. Enterprise, coupled wfith the ever necessary practical knowledge of a City of Charleston. 119 business, are the two principle requi- sites to a rapid growth and permanent success, and it is an agreeable task to chronicle the history of an establish- ment, like that of Mr. T. J. Kennedy, which, starting from little, under the able guidance of its owner, has attain- ed its important dimensions. Mr. Ken- nedy commenced business in ’76, his employment then being mostly fixing stoves. He was at first unaided, but as custom came in he gradually took on assistants, till now he has constant- ly working for him fifteen skilled and experienced hands. In ’77, he bought the ground and erected these premises, which are large and well adapted to the requirements of business, cover a lot 50 feet by 100. On one side is the horse shoeing and blacksmith’s shop, and on the other side, he builds carts, wagons, drays, etc. In this latter de- partment of the trade, Mr. Kennedy’s talent has gained special preeminence. Two years ago, he was called upon to amend the then prevailing difficulties in the fire department of this city. Taking it in hand, he completely re- modelled it, replacing the old-fashion- ed stock with the latest and most im- proved apparatus, largely of his own design, till to-day, Charleston has a Fire Department, in whose equipment Chicago itself might find many points worthy of adoption. We might men- tion here that Mr. Kennedy served for 7 years, from ’62 till ’69, as member of the Fire Engine service in this city. His trade now extends, not alone over S. C., but from the neighboring States of Ga., Fla, and N. C., and largely along the sea coast, he receives a large and increasing number of cus- tomers, who only ask from him the execution of their orders, in the effi- cient, prompt and practical manner, he has always been known to supply their wants. Apart from business Mr. Kennedy is an active politician, and weighty member of the Democratic party in this city, and although never having- run for any of the public offices in town, wields an 'influence, draws the strings and assists, among the other popular men in the city, in controll- ing the the appointments of the nomi- nees to political positions. By reason of his extensive knowledge of political laws, he is especially fitted to the po- sitions he occupies, as president of the Third Ward, and member of the Democratic Executive Committee, which latter position lie has held four years. Fie has also, for 11 years, been connected with the First S. C. Rifles, “ The Montgomery Guards,” and has just resigned his Lieutenancy, which he has held therein for the last six years. He was born and raised, and lias always been located in this ward, and has been identified with it, socially, commercially, and politically, and re- spected and esteemed by the commu- nity for fair and honorable dealing, perhaps, more than any other of its inhabitants. F. B. KELLER & CO., A HOLESALE DEALERS IN TENNESSEE Produce, Poultry, Eggs, Butter, Fruits, Vegetables, etc. The enormous and ever-growing production of our soil, and the in- creasing number and value of our stock of live animals, has called into being inventions and industries, in the carrying out of which American tal- ent has astonished the world, and it is especially in cheap and easy methods of transporting such farm produce that the genius of our countrymen has been shown. A firm which stands unique and pre-eminent as having in- 120 State of South Carolina. troduoed a new line of business into a community of Charleston’s size, is well worthy of notice in a work hav- ing for its object the city’s industries The house was established six years ago under the name of Keller & Hush- ing, and in ’82 the present firm of F. B. Keller & Co. succeeded them and still continues on an increasing scale the supplying of farm produce to this city in wholesale quantities. They handle poultry, eggs, butter, fruits, vegetables fresh from the fields of Tennessee. Their poultry, which is the largest part of the business, is sup- plied by the famous East Tennessee Poultry Co. of Knoxville, who have gained a national reputation for supe- rior, healthy and well-fed birds sent out from their extensive yards. Messrs. Keller & Co. consume about fifty car loads in the year and have a ready sale to the trade in this city and vicinity, who are quick to take advantage of such fine stock offered at prices so advantageous to the buyer. We might mention that their animals are transported in coops, constructed of wooden bars, and ingeniously pro- vided with a trough filled with grain from which the birds can at leisure feed themselves. The premises of the firm consist of a two-story brick building, spacious and well ventilated. Their stock, at ail times complete, va- ried and large, is being constantly re- plenished, thus insuring to their in- creasing circle of patrons the best and choicest breeds reared on the great farms of Tennessee. The business in Charleston calls into requisition five experienced hands, and their trans- actions in this city alone amount to over $100,000 annually. The mem- bers of this house, which has proved an unspeakable benefit to the people of Charleston, in providing them at such prices fowls that, to many, were never known to exist, are F. B. and S. S. Keller. The former is resident in Tennessee, attending, to the pro- curing of stock, while the latter gentleman is, most of the time, bus- ily engaged on the road, for which his abilities as a salesman render him most suitable. Mr. S. F. Keller man- ages the business of the firm in Charleston, and is known to the com- munity as a prompt and reliable mer- chant. These gentlemen are all na- tives of Savannah, and are reckoned as among the South’s enterprising and progressive merchants and public- spirited citizens. CARRIGAN & SILCOX, Cotton and Naval Stores Factors, and Commission Merchants. The inquiring reporter finds many things in the extensive interests of the South, which excite his wonder and speak in unmistakable tones of the im- portance of this city, as a trading centre. Among those who are by their enter- prise entitled to prominent mention, as contributing largely to the import- ance of the commerce of Charleston, the house of Carrigan & Silcox de- serves a position in the first rank. The members of the firm are among the most experienced and reliable of the merchants of the State, the senior partner having been engaged in the business upwards of thirty -five years, and the junior has been over twelve years identified with it. They formed a partnership in February, 1881, and have already, by close attention to customers’ wants, strict economy, hon- orable methods of doing business, and State of South Carolina. 121 liberal terms to patrons, built up no inconsiderable trade, and now handle, besides upwards of 3,000 bales of cot- ton, some 7,000 barrels spirits of tur- pentine and 25,000 of rosin in the season. The business necessitates the employment of several able assist- ants, the senior, Mr. Middleton, having had ten years’ experience in handling cotton, while the second, Mr. Aimar, gives his attention to the naval store department. The senior member of the firm, W. A. Carrigan, is a native of North Carolina, and mostly attends to the affairs of the house in the coun- try, while Mr. F. A. Silcox, his part- ner, was born in Charleston, and ably transacts the business of the firm in the city. These gentlemen, during their residence and business career among the people of this State, have socially made many friends, and gained an enviable reputation in mercantile circles. JAMES F. REDDING, Auctioneer and Real Estate Broker. 59 Broad Street. This enterprise, was originated in January, 1875, and since that time the proprietor has conducted an extensive business as auctioneer, real estate agent, collector, and notary public ; and is considered, one of the best and most practical in this branch of the 9 industries of Charleston. In the real estate agency Mr. Redding, offers spe- cial advantages to all property hold- ers, of houses, lands, lots for sale, or letting. Mr. Redding has recently ex- tended his enterprise, by entering into the insurance business, representing the Norwich, Union, English, and the Glen Falls of New York, and is very successful in effecting insurance in these staunch old companies, and other well known, reliable companies. A large business, is transacted in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Three clerks are actively employed in attend- ing to the several branches. Mr. Redding takes cpiite an active interest in municipal affairs, and was first elected alderman in 1877, holding the office for two years, and again ree- lected, unopposed, for a four years’ term, as alderman at large from ward one, in December, 1883. He is also Captain of the Montgomery Guards, the 4th Brigade of S. C. Volunteers, and is President of St. Joseph Total Absti- nence and Benevolent Societj 7 , and Secretary and Treasurer of the Central Catholic School. WM. T. MILLER, Sail Maker. Among the several sail makers car- rying on business in this city, we take pleasure in mentioning the name of Wm. T. Miller, whose factory is lo- cated on the corner of Kerr’s Wharf and Cordes street. He has been en- gaged in the business since 1843, and is well known for the finished, strong and good work he turns out. He em- ploys three experienced hands in the manufacturing of sails, awnings, tar- paulins, dray covers, etc., to order at short notice and at reasonable prices. His goods give entire satisfaction to customers, and the number of his patrons throughout the city, (who know that hand work is the best and, most reliable,) is large and increasing and his services, are much valued in the community. Mr. Miller is a na- 122 City of Charleston. five of Charleston, and in the war did good service for the cause, as member of a light battery, stationed most of the time in Fort Sumter, where he was wounded. Socially he is an es- teemed member of the Masonic order, having filled the honorable position of a Master Mason and High Priest. All letters of inquiry relative to all branches of this business, together with prices, cheerfully and promptly attended to. C. F. SCHWETTMANN, Pharmaceutist. This old land-mark is a familiar object to the whole community, and is the oldest store in Charleston, having been occupied as a drug store for over 100 years. It was formerly called “Apothecaries’ Hall.” Mr.C. F. Schwett- mann, the present proprietor, successor to Mr. W. G. Trott, has conducted the business since ’71, and the establish- ment has attained a high reputation, under the management of the able, efficient proprietor, which places it in the front rank, among the druggists in this section in the country, as being one of the most reliable houses to ob- tain pure, fresh drugs. Mr. Schwett- mann is an expert, conscientious pharmacist, who understands the mi- nutist details of his business, and can be relied upon for the exact, scientific compounding of prescriptions. Accu- racy is a great point, when life and death depend upon it. His very at- tractive store is pleasantly located on the corner King and Broad sts., and is 15x40 feet in extent. The stock of Drugs, includes everything usually needed in a family, consisting in part of chemicals, patent medicines, physi- cians supplies, and imported French, German and English perfumery, and fancy articles ; also, toilet soaps, hand mirrors, glasses, etc. Mr. Schwettmann was born in Rahden, Prussia, and came to this country in 1849, and du- ring his business experience, has met with a genuine success, and is highly regarded and esteemed, as an honora ble member of the useful fraternity to" which he belongs, and is recognized as one of the popular, influential citizens of the city. He is also a member of the S. C. Pharmacist Association. F. STEINKE, Baker and Confectioner. Prominent among those who, in the line of their business, contribute liber- ally toward satisfying the creature comforts of the citizens of Charleston, is Mr. F. Steinke, the baker and con- fectioner, whose establishments are lo- cated at 103 Market street, and also No. 97 King street. These stores are neatly and conveniently fitted up, and are completely stocked, with bread of all kinds, tea biscuits, rolls, buns, plain and fancy cakes, pastry, &c., baked fresh daily, and supplied to customers promptly. His trade is large, extend- ing throughout Charleston, and the surrounding country, requiring the services of several first-class bakers, and the use of two wagons and horses, to serve his many patrons. Fine con- fectionary is also in stock, guaranteed strictly pure, and is supplied in quan- tities to suit, either wholesale or retail. This house was established by its en- terprising proprietor in 1874, and has grown to be one of the most important in its line in the city. Mr. Steinke is a native of Hanover, came to this country forty years since, is a practical baker, takes pride in his calling, and produces some of the finest goods in his line in the city. A thoroughgoing business man, his success is assured. JOHN IIURKAMP & CO., Family Grocers. An important as well as pronounced business house in Charleston, is that under the name of John Hurkamp & Co., wholesale and retail grocers, lo- cated at the southeast corner of Broad and King streets. It is a well known State of South Carolina. 123 and old established business, having been originated by Mr. Hurkamp in 1837. After conducting it for nearly thirty years, Mr. Oskar Aichel, was admitted as a partner in 1866, and in 1872, Mr. W. F. Ostendorff was intro- duced into the concern. In the same year, 1872, the founder of the house, Mr. Hurkamp, died, the original firm- name being however retained. These gentlemen, are thoroughly proficient in every branch of their business, and have achieved a standard reputation, for the excellence of their goods, which are sold at the very lowest market prices, all goods coming from their store, are guaranteed to be strict- ly as represented. The store is spa- cious, being 35 feet front with a depth of 200 feet, and contains a first-class stock of all kinds of choice groceries, canned goods, best quality of teas and coffees — the finest brands of flour, an excellent assortment of sauces and condiments, also smoked meats, salt fish — the finest quality of table butter, etc. The firm are also direct import- ers of wines, from the most famous vineyards of Spain, Germany, and France, consisting of choicest ports and sherries, red and white Rhine wines, rare old Bordeaux, clarets, etc. ; also finest brands of Irish and Scotch whiskies, etc., for medicinal, as well as table uses. Six skilled, courteous clerks are employed, who are diligent, and earnest in their endeavors to please the patrons of the house. Mr. Aichel was born in Hanover, but has resided in this country many years, and during his business career has met with an assured success. He has also given some attention to mu- nicipal affairs, having just concluded his term as alderman of the second ward, to the entire satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Ostendortf, is a native of the State, and is therefore well known, and is highly regarded. This firm, are fully entitled to the high estimation in which the}'- are held in Charleston, and have gained a substantial reputation as honorable, reliable merchants, and esteemed citi- zens. T. CAMPBELL, Dealer in Stoves, Mantels, Grates, etc. The production of artificial heat by means of stoves and grates, and the improvements in cooking apparatus, have occupied the attention of Ameri- can manufacturers, to a greater extent than those of any other country in the world, and, as a result, the per- fect inventions in general use in this country, are of a very superior charac- ter. No better illustration of the truth of this statement can be found, than by an inspection of the stock of ranges, parlor stoves and grates shown by Mr. T. Campbell in his store, lo- cated at 142 Meeting street, in this city. The premises occupied, consist of a large three-story brick building- 23 feet by 100, the whole of the estab- lishment being stored with goods, of- fered at wholesale or retail at most advantageous prices to the purchaser. The stock, which has a representative value of $8,000 to $10,000, besides a full and complete line of stoves and grates of all patterns and sizes, con- sists of a large selection of beautifully designed slate, iron and marble man- tels, ornaments to any office, parlor or drawing room ; also, a multifarious as- sortment of iron and lead-piping, sheet iron and zinc, force and lift pumps, and all articles necessary for the tinware manufacturing, gas -fit- ting, plumbing and metal roofing- trades. The custom of the house is large and increasing, and extends all over Charleston, and throughout the State. In the business are engaged ten skilled and competent employees. The house was founded by its pres- ent owner in 1866, with a host of others in the same line, and has out- run them all. From its inception, it has enjoyed an increasing patronage, and 124 City of is now doing the largest business in the State. Mr. Campbell is a native of New- burg, New York State, and came South in 1856, since when he has held a high place in the community, for his straight-forward and energetic manner of doing business, and for his qualities as a social gentleman. E. WELLING, Manufacturer and Dealer in Yel- low Pine Lumber, Dressed Tongue and Groove Boards, Laths, Pal- ings, Shingles, &c. ; also Brick Manufacturer. The high standing and character of the wholesale lumber dealers and man- ufacturers of Charleston, renders this in- dustry, a noticeable feature of the com- mercial activity, which pervades the community. A well known house en- gaged in this line, is that of Mr. E. Well- ing, whose premises are conveniently lo- cated, at the east end of Columbus street ; they cover some two acres of ground, besides which two other adjoining acres belong to the firm. The planing mill, is a spacious building, provided with the best machinery, driven by a forty horse engine, and here the ser- vices of six skilled workmen, are re- quired, while the quantity of lumber cut up yearly, will amount to one and a half million feet. The business was founded twelve years ago by Mr. E. Welling, and it now ranks among the leading enterprises of the city. From the mill, is turned out dressed tongue and groove boards, laths, palings, shingles, etc., in fact everything belonging to the wood work of a house, and from the large stock, intending purchasers, will not fail to find something satisfactory. Mr. Welling, also deals largely in yellow pine lumber, and in the country has extensive forest lands, where he em- ploys over thirty men. His facilities for obtaining supplies, are therefore first-class, and orders submitted to him are promptly and correctly filled. So Charleston. easily can Mr. Welling dispose of his goods, that it is not necessary for him to go beyond the city, to seek a market. In every respect the house, possesses equal facilities to those of any of its contemporaries, and is in a position to make prices and terms as advantage- ous to purchasers, as any kindred concern in the State. Mr. Welling is native of Charleston, where he is favor- ably known as a man of business, and a social gentleman. He is also part- ner in the firm of Sanders, Welling & Co., brick manufacturers, and attends to the handling of bricks at his office. SANDERS, WELLING & CO., Brick Manufacturers by Steam. In looking to the future of a city, the favorable location for building sites, and the cost and character of building materials, are matters of the first importance. In respect to the latter, Charleston is favored with an enterprising and progressive firm, en- gaged in the manufacture of bricks, — that of Sanders, Welling & Co. The house was established in 1880, and during its existence, has gained a large and growing patronage, and al- ready stands as one of the most bene- ficial ventures that Carolina has. The yard is located on Cooper River, in this State, and covers some six and a half acres of ground, including the clay beds from which a superior kind of material is procured. The bricks manufactured are gray color, com- pact, well-shaped, strong and of ex- cellent quality, and of them there are turned out over 2,000,000 in the year. The kilns are built on the latest im- proved plans, are heated with wood procured from the surrounding coun- try, where the firm owns some 2,000 acres of fine lands. The machinery is also of the latest type, and for shaping purposes they use the Martin machine. The yard has the best facilities for receiving fuel and shipping bricks to Charleston, where they are largely consumed. The business calls into State of South Carolina. 125 requisition, thirty skilled and experi- enced hands. The members of the firm, Samuel Sanders, E. Welling and W. R. R. Welling, are all natives of Charleston. Mr. Sanders is widely known as a public-spirited citizen and practical man of business. Mr. E. Welling is the owner of the well known planing mill in this city, and his son W. R. R. is an earnest worker, and an acquisi- tion to the mercantile and social com- munity. T. M. BRISTOL & SON, Dealers in Fine Boots and Shoes. Sign Big Boot. The use of boots and shoes as cloth- ing for the feet, is one result of an ad- vanced civilization. In the different industries of Charleston, the boot and shoe business, must be considered one of the most significant branches in making up a report of the enterprises of the city, and in this connection the firm of T. M. Bristol & Son may well lay claim, to being the leading house in the trade, both on account of the extent of its transactions, its age, and the enterprise with which it is con- ducted. The facilities for the successful ope- ration, possessed by this house, are of the most ample character. The prem- ises occupied, are centrally located, at 250 King street, are 25 feet by 150 in dimensions, are filled with a stock which, for variety and completeness, is equalled by few and surpassed by no contemporary in the State. Goods are procured direct from the manufac- turer, and while all prevailing styles are found here in great quantities, the latest novelties in fine boots, shoes and slippers for ladies, gents and children’s wear, are obtained as soon as issued by the makers. Five attentive and obliging assist- ants are employed, and everything connected with the house has made it a favorite one with customers. The business was founded in 1832, as Smith & Co., Mr. Bristol afterwards becoming a partner, as Smith & Bris- tol, then Bristol & Bowler, which firm dissolving, Mr. T. M. Bristol carried on business alone for a few months, and was joined by Mr. Bridgeman, under the style of T. M. Bristol & Co. After the war the same name was con- tinued, Messrs. C. T. Dunham and A. S. Brown being his partners ; this co- partnership dissolved in 1876, and Mr. Bristol continued alone till 1883, when he was joined by his son, a native of the city, and one of Charleston’s young and energetic merchants. Mr. T. M. Bristol, the senior member of the firm, was born in Connecticut, and came South when a boy, and during his long business career has gained many friends. The liberal policy upon which this house has always been conducted, upon the one price system, the ampli- tude of its facilities, and the nice dis- crimination, as to the requirements of customers, exercised by its enter- prising proprietors, rank it among the first of its contemporaries, and com- mand the respect of the trade, and the snpport of the community at large. GOODING & READ, Livery Sale and Exchange Stables 622, 624 and 626 King Street. Among the establishments in this section of the city, which has grown 126 City of Charleston. to be the central mart, for the sale of horses, that of Messrs. Gooding & Read holds a prominent position. The business was established two years ago, under the name of Gooding, Mull & Co. In the fall of this year that firm dissolved, Mr. Read becoming the partner of Mr. Gooding, the firm taking its present name. The build- ings they occupy are substantial ones. The stable proper is neatly and clean- ly kept, well ventilated and is ad- mirably fitted up with a full view to the comfort of the horses; its dimensions are 40 feet by 200. Besides this there are large and com- fortable sheds for the accommo- dation of mules, of which there are generally ten or twelve on hand. Of horses the firm, has con- stantly in stock a supply never aver- aging less than sixty of all kinds, fine trotters, thoroughbred ladies’ and gents’ riding horses, good wagon and powerful dray horses, etc., all alike testifying to the superior quality of the stock. In the livery department, is a full supply of fashionable bug- gies. Connected with the establish- ment, are eight obliging and experi- enced assistants. The patronage of the house, is deservedly large and extends throughout South Carolina, and the neighboring States of Georgia and Florida. The members of the firm, R. C. Gooding and G. W. Read, are both natives of Kentucky, a State famed the world wide for its breed of horses. The former gentleman, served in Price’s Missouri Caval- ry, in the late war, and has been since engaged in his present line of business. Mr. Read, who has had over eight years experience in horse deal- ing in his native State, came to South Carolina this fall, and has already gained the confidence of the commu- nity. Both these excellent gentlemen, are influential members of the Knights of Honor, and hold import- ant places in Charleston Lodge 1 104, and in Glasgow Lodge No. 263, re- spectively. F. G. REPIKOPF & SONS, Undertakers and Furniture Deal- ers, 535 King Street. The city of Charleston, does not lack facilities for procuring furniture and house furnishing goods, as well as un- dertakers’ supplies, and we note a number of such establishments ope- rated by enterprising merchants, who successfully conduct them, and carry on a large trade. Among such the house of F. G. Rehkopf & Sons occu- pies a prominent position. It was es- tablished in 1850, by Mr. F. G. Reh- kopf, who, on February 1st, 1883, took into partnership with him, his two sons, W. G. and F. G., Jr., since when the firm has been successfully carried oh under its present name, proving a great advantage to the public and com- munity of Charleston. The firm, oc- cupies a commodious store, 30 feet in front by 60 deep, two stories high, all of which is used for the display of the immense stock and other business pur- poses. Adjoining in the rear is the undertaker’s warehouse, 30x50 feet in dimensions, devoted exclusively to the undertaking department of their busi- ness, they keep every thing required for a funeral, the details of which they personally attend to when required, furnishing coffins and caskets of every kind, also horses and carriages, and are always prompt in the management of affairs. In the furniture line their wares embrace goods of all kinds. B} r truthful statements to patrons, judi- cious purchases, and the faithful per- formance of all promises, this firm has gained a reputation for fair-dealing, that is as highly creditable as it is well merited. Customers appreciate the advantages of such an establishment, and consequently the trade of the house is annually increasing. The business necessitates the employment of three competent and experienced hands. Mr. Rehkopf is a native of Ham- burg, came to the United States in State of South Carolina. 127 1849, and during his long residence in Charleston, has gained a high standing as a merchant and citizen. He is an influential member of the Ancient Order of Odd Fellows. His sons, W. G. and F. G. J r. , were born in Charleston, and therefore well known to her citi- zens, as enterprising and able business men and valued members of the social circle. FRED. J. SMITH, Architect and Engineer. Among those in our State, who have gained distinction as civil engineers and architects, we note the name of Fred J. Smith. Mr. Smith was born in Lancashire, England, in 1832, and served afive years’ apprenticeship with the well-known machinists, Sharp, Steward & Co., of Manchester. Fie came to the United States in 1855, and continued his profession in the office of R. M. Hunt, New York city, till the outbreak of the civil war, when he came South and joined the Marion Artillery, famed for its gallant services in the cause of the Confederate govern- ment, serving with them in S. C., and in N. C. At the close of hostilities, he found himself compelled to adopt some business for support, and there- fore established himself in that line for which his training especially fit- ted him — as architect and engineer in Charleston. He has since followed that profession ; and as a skilled en- gineer, architect and land surveyor, by close attention to his affairs and correctness of details, has won a well- merited success, and is known to his many patrons throughout the State of South Carolina, as a conscientious and efficient workman, who has a thor- ough knowledge of all those princi- ples that should prevail in the con- struction of a building, to give it beauty, symmetry of proportion, art- istic design in the division, and shape of the rooms, in the choice of mate- rial and the ornamentation, style and finish of the same. Among the many attractions he has planned, we might mention the Charleston Court House, which stands prominently, as one of the ornaments of the Palmetto City. LEE & DeSAUSSURE, Insurance Agents and Adjusters- In a review of the mercantile inter- ests of a city, closely allied with her commercial activity, and playing an important part therein, the business of insurance, is worthy of special mention. Among the principal firms representing many of the oldest companies of the world, Messrs. Lee & DeSaussure hold a prominent place. The house was established in 1867 by Hutson Lee, who carried on business successfully alone, till he, on Sept. 1 , 1882, formed a copartnership with Mr. Wilmot G. DeSaussure, Jr., who had, likewise, conducted for himself a flour- ishing trade since 1872. The firm represents the Phoenix and the Sun of London, the Home and the Glen’s Falls of New York, the Providence Washington of Rhode Island, and the Georgia Home of Columbus, all staunch and reliable companies, the assets of the whole amounting to over $25,000,000. Mr. Lee, is also general agent for N. and S. C., Ga., Ala. and La., for the Lancashire Insurance Company, one of the soundest and best known in the world. Mr. DeSaus- sure is likewise agent for S. C. and Georgia of the popular Providence Washington Ins. Comp. The insur- ance business of these gentlemen, is large and increasing, as well as in the line of adjusting risks, for which their detailed experience renders them most fit. They effect insurance on all kinds of city and country property, includ- ing gin risks, at lowest rates. Their office is centrally located, at 20 Broad street. By the careful and prompt manner in which the affairs of this firm are conducted, the house has kept pace with the growth of business in the country, till now its operations are widely extended, and its reputation 128 City of Charleston. firmly established. They pay all losses promptly and without unneces- sary litigation, always discharging the important trusts committed to them, with fidelity, and to the complete satis- faction of patrons. Mr. Lee, during his long residence in Charleston, has gained many friends in mercantile and social cir- cles, holds several offices, and takes a leading part in church institutions. From 1851 to 1854 he attended the S. C. College, and in the late war ben- eficially served his country’s cause, as Chief Quartermaster in the Southern Department. The junior partner, Mr. DeSaussure, is also a native of Charleston, and is favorably known as a business man and gentleman. He performs his duties as Secretary of the Home Insurance Co. of Charleston, to the satisfaction of all. A. C. F. GOTJEN, Dealer in Groceries, Wines, etc. Among the representative mercan- tile houses, in the central thoroughfare of the city, we take pleasure in men- tioning the name of Mr. A. C. F. Got- jen, dealer in choice groceries, wines, etc. The store is centrally located, at the corner of King and Clifford streets, has a frontage of 25 and depth of 75 feet. The stock carried, is large and well selected, including choice teas, fragrant coffees, best East Indian spices, sugars and syrups of standard grades, butter and cheese fresh from the factory, canned goods, vegetables, table delicacies, etc. ; also a full supply of foreign and domestic wines, from the most famous vineyards, the best brands of Irish and Kentucky whiskeys and F rench brandies ; and in fact every- thing which goes to equip a first-class grocery store. There are employed in the business two competent and oblig- ing assistants. The business was es- tablished in 1869 by the present pro- prietor, and since its inception has enjoyed an increasing patronage from the families throughout the city. Mr. Gotjen is a native of Hanover, and came to the United States some years before the war, and has always been esteemed as a merchant and citi- zen. In the late war, he took an active and efficient part as a member of the German Artillery. DeSAUSSURE & SON, The DeSaussure family, is one of the oldest in the South. Their ancestors, under the jurisdiction of the Guises, were driven from Loraine to Switzer- land, and in the seventeenth century came to South Carolina. The senior member of the present firm, graduated at the College of South Carolina, stu- died law with his father, Mr. Henry A. DeSaussure, a well known and eminent lawyer, and was admitted to the bar in 1843, and subsequently, was associated with him in the practice of his profession, and ulti- mately succeeded to the business of that firm. This is the oldest law house in this city, having descended from father to son, for about a century, each generation occupying prominent positions in the first rank of the lead- ing lawyers of their day. In Decem- ber, 1860, Wilmot G. DeSaussure, as Lieutenant-Colonel of Artillery, took possession of Fort Moultrie, when it was evacuated by Major Anderson, and subsequently was in command of the artillery battalion on Morris Isl- land, when Fort Sumter was bom- barded and surrendered in, April, 1861, and afterwards was Adjutant-General of State troops. He is a gentleman of fine natural gifts, high scholastic and professional attainments, is courteous, and a careful, painstaking and con- scientious counsellor, and has attracted to his firm a large and lucrative prac- tice. Mr. Henry A. DeSaussure, son of the senior partner, is a native of Charleston, graduated at Charleston College, read law in the office of his father, and was admitted to practice in 1872. The firm conduct a general civil practice, in all the State Courts, State of South Carolina. 129 as also the United States; have en- trusted to them some of the largest and most important cases arising in the State. The senior partner, with Hon. LeRov F. Youmans, Attorney- General of South Carolina, conducted the litigation for three or four years, before the United States Supreme Court at Washington, in behalf of the State, in connection with the bills of the Bank of the State of South Caro- lina, bringing the same to a successful termination. The young man is able, gifted and industrious ; has an ambi- tion to achieve and to merit a position of prominence, in this honorable pro- fession, and has a brilliant future be- fore him in the legal arena. JOSEPH COHEN & SON, Steamship and Ship Brokers. A popular house in Charleston, the business of which is connected with the commerce of this port, the finest on the Atlantic sea board, is that of Joseph Cohen & Son, steamship and ship brokers, whose office is located at 2 Middle Atlantic Wharf. This house was established by Jacob Cohen in 1S44, succeeded by J. Cohen & Son in 1855, and later by Cohen, Hanckel & Co., which firm gave place to Joseph Cohen, who continued business alone till two years ago, when he was joined ~by his son, Oct. C. Cohen. The firm, since its inception, has done a flour- ishing business in chartering vessels sailing to and from this port,' and is to-day doing as large a business in this line, as any house of its kind in this city. They also are heavy export- ers of cotton and naval stores, hand- ling from 45,000 to 50,000 bales an- nually, and many thousands of barrels of rosin and spirits of turpentine, and in exporting lumber for ship-building purposes, and also treenails, and also large importers of Sicilian sulphur. They are passenger agents, for the In- man, Allan, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Red Star, Fabre, and Florio Rubattino Lines, and in their extensive transac- tions use, in telegraphing, the Scott’s Code, 1880 ; Watkin’s Code, 1881, and their own private Code of 1882, their cable address being “ Cohenson, Charleston.” The senior member of the firm, is too well known to the com- mercial community to need any ex- tended mention at our hands ; during his long business life his name has been a synonym of commercial honor, and the junior member is favorably received in mercantile circles. Mr. GEO. W. WILLIAMS, Banker, etc A close student of character, one cognizant of the springs and motives of action, a philosopher, a clear, lucid and forcible writer, and a good man says : “ He who is so conscious of the rectitude of his intentions, as to be willing to open his bosom to the in- spection of' the world, is in possession of one of the strongest pillars of a de- cided character.” Real, substantial, and permanent success, is only obtain- able by those who, in the conduct of their lives, through all the transac- tions, and all the vicissitudes and changes, that all men experience, are guided, and governed in their deal- ings and intercourse with others, by strict unfaltering integrity, by a high moral sense of right. Endowed with fine natural gifts. Born of, and reared by exemplary parents, taught by precept, and by example, in those 130 City of Charleston. habits of thrift, industry, and econo- my, that have characterized the life history of the subject of this sketch, an unbroken series of successes in all the many and various ventures, in which he ever embarked, has crowned his every effort. They who stand promi- nent among the representative men in the city, and throughout the State in which they reside, owe their proud positions, not so much to the adven- titious circumstances of birth, as to the possession and cultivation of such qualities and traits of character, as en- sure respect and success. Endowed with strong will power, great tenacity of purpose, quick in perception, fertile in resources, active, energetic, with a tough, wiery, rather than a robust frame, a vigorous constitution, enjoy- ing uniformly excellent health, inured from youth up, to close and assiduous application, to some useful and honor- able labor or avocation, calling into requisition both his mental and phys- ical energies, as lie grew in years, he Residence of President Williams. (See also back cover.) grew in manly vigor, in wealth, and in usefulness. There is no citizen of Charleston, or indeed of the South a brief sketch of whose career, will be more beneficial and profitable to the young men of these times, than that of Mr. George W. Williams. No- where in the domains of South Caro- lina, can there be found among its citizens, outside of the pulpit, one who by his teachings, his active benevo- lence, and his noble example, and by the introduction of wise and benefi- cent measures, by his sagacious coun- sel, and b} r the foundation of a finan- cial institution for the encouragement of thrift, by building, and founding houses, and establishing different kinds of business, encouraging commercial enterprises, and affording remunerative employment to labor, has done more good, has been of more ajipreciable benefit to the city, and State of his adoption, than the subject of this sketch. Mr. George W. Williams, was born in North Carolina, on the 19tli State of South Carolina. 131 day of December, 1820. He lived till nearly eighteen years of age under the parental roof, pursuing the avocations, and performing the routine and daily duties, usual for the son of a well to do and thrifty farmer, who was in- debted for his worldly possessions, to his own unaided efforts, to his vigor- ous constitution, to his independent self-reliant dispostion, to his spirit of enterprise, and adventure, to his hab- its of strict temperance in all things, to his sound judgment, and to that trinity of factors inseparable from, and indispensable to, success in life, indus- try, energy, and perseverance. These traits of character, these modes of life, these principles of action, this course of conduct, was instilled by admoni- tion, by precept, and by the example of his most exemplary parents, into the mind, and so moulded the charac- ter, of young Williams, that it was just as impossible for him, not to have been guided and controlled by them, in all the transactions of life, as it would be for a man who puts his trust in riches, to enter the kingdom of heaven. There had been growing in his mind, aspirations for other pur- suits, than that in which he had hith- erto been engrossed, he longed for more enlarged, wider and more active and exciting fields of labor, than that of farming. Some little unpleasant- ness having arisen between himself, and Ixis father, with reference to domestic affairs, (whether or not it had the effect of hastening young Wil- liams’ departure,) did, owing to his unyielding, and independent spirit, (notwithstanding liis father was pos- sessed of horses and buggy), cause him, on his departure from the paternal roof, to his future fields of employ- ment, to his changed life avocations, to undertake the journey to his in- tended destination, Augusta, Georgia, a distance of 150 miles on foot, where, on arriving in October, 1838, he had left of the little money- he had by his industry saved up, the sum of ten dol- lars, nothing daunted by this slim ex- chequer, “a stranger in a strange land,” he set to work and succeeded in procuring in a short time a situa- tion, with a Mr. Hand and part- ner in a wholesale grocery at a salary of fifty dollars per annum and board, which was shortly there- after increased to one thousand dollars. That rare business tact and sagacity, rapidly developing itself, which has since secured to him such unparalleled pecuniary success, and such great pre-eminence, such an illus- trious name, among the most noted mercantile and commercial men, and the famous bankers of the South, he at the age of twenty-one bought out the interest of Mr. Scranton, in the house of Hand & Scranton, and the firm was changed to that of Hand & Williams. “ As soon as George W. Williams “ had attained this position he gave “ evidence of that tenacious moral “ character which distinguishes him. “ About one -half the stock in trade “ consisted of spirituous liquors. Mr. “ Williams had been taught by his “ father that it was wrong to traffic in “ ‘ liquid fire,’ and he was not slow in “ discovering the truth of his father’s “judgment. He had already seen that “ the liquors which they sold were “ doing incalculable mischief.” He prevailed upon his partner to wholly relinquish this branch of their busi- ness, and notwithstanding it had hith- erto constituted a large and a profit- able portion of their trade, at the close of the year, their profits were five thousand dollars in excess of those of the preceding. Fourteen years, had rolled away, since young Williams, emerging from parental control, had launched his bark on the sea of life, at Augusta. Having by his superior business meth- ods accumulated an immense capital, and much more than it was practica- ble to use even in the extensive busi- ness at this house at Augusta, he estab- lished at Charleston, in 1852, a house on strictly temperance principles, and the sales in the Augusta and Charles- 132 City of Charleston. ton houses were increased from one hundred thousand dollars, to one and a half million per annum, and the profits from twelve to more than one hundred thousand per annum. It is impaacticable, in an article of this nature, to rehearse all the achieve- ments, and record all the good whrougt by this most prominent of Charleston’s most noted public-spirited and philan- thropic citizens. Just in the prime of a vigorous manhood, at the breaking out of tire war between the States, we find the subject of this sketch, at the head of two of the largest commercial houses in the South, an alderman of the then opulent city of Charleston, chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means, Director of the Bank of South Carolina, also of two Railroad Companies. During the war, through his exertions, thousands of the destitu te and suffering were daily supplied with food. The war over, his was the first Southern house ,to resume business in Charleston. Warehouse after ware- house, has been erected by him for the storage of merchandise and cotton. On the 1st of May, 1874, the house of George W. Williams & Co. celebrated their thirty-second anniversary and the inauguration of the Carolina Savings Bank, of which Mr. Williams is presi- dent. The following is an extract from the account of the Charleston News and Courier , of this interesting celebration : “ Seldom has Charleston known a more pleasant and interesting gather- ing around the festive board, than that which met on Saturday afternoon, to celebrate at once the thirty-second an- niversary of the great mercantile and banking house of George W. Williams & Co., and the inauguration of ‘ The Carolina Savings Bank,’ an addition to our banking facilities, which is the offspring of the energy of the distin- guished head of the firm, and for which it is safe to predict a career as wonderfully prosperous, as that of every other enterprise, launched under his auspices. The name of Geo. W. Wil- liams long before the war, had become as familiar as household words to the commercial community of Charleston. The history of the house, is a record of spotless probity, indomitable en- ergy, remarkable tact, and success, that has been as unvarying as it has been brilliant. Even more remarkable has been the individual career of Mr. Williams. He is emphatically a self- made man. During the third of a century that he has guided the for- tunes of the firm, he has had no less than twenty-five partners, many of whom have retired with fortunes, while all have acquired a competency. The house to-day occupies a proud position among the great business firms of South Carolina.” In May, 1875, in order to meet the imperative demands of the banking department of their business, for larger accommodations, Mr. Williams pur- chased the ' spacious, attractive and substantial brown stone building, No. 1 Broad street, corner of East Bay. Beside being the owner of.many ware- houses, as before stated, he is an ex- tensive owner of real estate in other parts of Charleston, and a palatial residence in this the city of his adoption and love. In the ripe maturity of his powers, he brings to bear upon the varied and multiplied transactions of his banking house, involving tens of thousands daily, and upon all his various other business enterprises, a keen sagacity, a decisive grasp of thought, equalled by few of the business men of this day. Presiding over all, directing and con- ducting them to successful issues, by his superior capacity. The vigor of . his strong intellect, is sustained by the resoui’ces of an excellent constitution, which a prudent course of life, has strengthened, and as the years increase he beholds the paths of usefulness, and the rewards of industry broadening before him. SMYTHE, BRUNS & LEE, Mr. Augustine T. Smythe, senior member of the firm of Smythe, Bruns & Lee, was born in Charleston, where, State of South Carolina. 133 after having obtained a liberal educa- tion, and having graduated at the S. C. Col., the voice of patriotism calling him to do service in behalf of the al- tars and firesides of his native State, he entered the army. The war ended, he commenced and continued the study of the law, with that eminent counsellor Colonel Simonton, till 1867, when he was admitted to practice at a general term of the Supreme Court at Columbia. A patient and pains- taking student, having read the ele- mentary works of this abstruse science diligently and carefully, he is well versed in the fundamental principles of the law. After his admission, he commenced, and has since continued, the general practice of the law at Charleston, with marked skill and success, and by his long and continu- ous, large and varied practice, has ac- quired that thorough practical knowl- edge of his profession, the theories and priciples of which he had previously so carefully studied, as to have made him one of the safest and most trusted counsellors, and most successful prac- titioners at the Charleston bar. He practiced alone til 10th of November, 1883, when the above-named firm was formed. He is a public-spirited citizen, is prominent in politics, was in 1880 elected member for his coun- ty to the State Senate, is an active member of the ancient and venerable fraternity of Free Masons. He has been Grand Master and Grand High Priest of the State, takes an active in- terest in millitary affairs, in the fire department, and in all matters and organizations he believes most con- ducive to the public good. Mr. Smythe has long had a large and lucrative professional patronage, numbering among his clients many of the largest mercantile houses in this city, his firm having as fine a suite of offices as there is in Charleston, in the large and centrally located building No. 5 Broad street, a structure owned by the senior member, who, also, has one of the largest and best selected law libra- ries in the State, comprising two thou- sand volumes. Colonel William M. Bruns is a native of Charleston, fitted himself at the schools of his native place for his entrance on his profes- sional studies, read law with the well known and prominent practitioner, Mr. Hayne, and was admitted to the bar in 1871. He was for ten years the confidential and managing clerk for the senior member of this firm, at- tending to all the details of the office business, preparing all papers, attend- ing to the preparation of all cases and generally supervising the large financial and other interests in charge of the office. Colonel Bruns has been prominent in the militia of the State. He has been for years Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Rifles, one of the best disciplined bodies in the State, and has declined promotion as Brigadier General. Mr. A. Markley Lee, Jr., is also a na- tive of Charleston, received his academic education in his native city. He was a number of years connected with a large mercantile house, leaving it to commence professional studies under tutilage of Mr. Smythe, his senior partner, till 1881, when he was admitted to practice at a general term of the Supreme Court held at Colum- bia, and commenced and continued a general practice of his profession on his own account, with a very flatter- ing degree of success, till the forma- tion of the firm that heads this sketch, November 10th, 1883, as above stated. This firm, besides all the courts of their own State, practice also in the Supreme and all other of the United States courts. They are the counsel for the State in many phosphate cases where land is covered by tide water, the companies claiming all rock to low water mark, the State taking is- sue with them oxr the question of boundary line. This touches upon the question of direct taxation, and will probably be carried to the Su- preme Court of the United States. Personally the individual members of 134 City of Charleston. this firm are unusually popular, and enjoy the highest reputations as able, painstaking lawyers, and good and useful citizens, holding high positions in the social circles of this communi- ty. They are solicitors for Coosaw Mining and Etiwan Phosphate Compa- nies, Charleston and Pelzer cotton factories, Charleston Bagging Factory, and other corporations of like magni- tude. DR. PIERVEY M. CLECKLEY, PIomceopathist. Among the prominent professional men of Charleston, and the most noted of the physicians, is Dr. Hervey M. Cleckley, whose office is in the Mills House, and whose residence is at No. 3 Water street. He is a lineal de- scendant, on his mother’s side, of ex- Governor John A. Treutlen, the first Governor of Georgia under the new Constitution, being his great grand- child, was horn at St. Matthews, Orangeburg County, South Carolina, received his elementary education in the schools of his native place, after which he pursued a higher course of studies at Eanon Academy, in Macon County, Ala. He was educated at the South Carolina Medical College, at Charleston, graduating from that in- stitution in the spring of 1848. After practicing five or six years, he then commenced to read Homoeopathy with the celebrated Dr. J. Mumford Schley, of Savannah ; after which, entering the Homoeopathic College of Penn- sylvania, where he graduated with distinguished honor in 1854, the Fa- culty of that institution at that time being composed, among others, of such eminent men as J. W . Williamson, Dr. Alyn E. Small, C. J. Harpel, Jacob Beakley. He then entered upon prac- tice at Columbus, Georgia, and con- tinued it at that place with eminent success till the breaking out of the war between the States, when, attach- ing himself to the Pemberton Cavalry of that place, he continued in the ser- vice till the close of the war. In 1866, he moved to Charleston, where he has since resided, and where he enjoys the reputation of being one of its most skilful and successful physicians, hav- ing a large and lucrative practice, ex- tending throughout the city and its environs. A man of fine natural en- dowments, a thorough and exhaustive professional education and high at- tainments, connected by birth and by matrimonial alliance with the first families of the State (having married the niece of ex-Governor Schley, of Georgia), he is one of the most es- teemed citizens, not only of Charleston, but of South Carolina, holding a most prominent position in its professional and social circles. He met with the most unprecedented professional suc- cess when that great plague of the South, the yellow fever and diptheria, was so widely and fatally prevalent. Dr. Cleckley never lost a patient. He is a public-spirited citizen, taking an active interest in whatever is condu- cive to the city’s welfare. He is zeal- ous and honored in his profession ; is a member of the Committee of Legis- lation appointed by the American Homoepathy Institute ; is U. S. Exam- ining Surgeon for South Carolina for pensions. EDWARD PLENGE, Merchant Tailor. In 1877 Mr. Edward Plenge suc- ceeded his father, Mr. Charles Plenge, by whom this house was established. His trade is a fine one, exclusively ■custom, and the best class of work is here done. Measures are taken, and the best fitting garments, trimmed and made in the most desirable manner, accurate in cut, are furnished at short notice. There is a fine stock of cloths, cassimeres, suitings, vestings, &c., in- cluding all the fashionable patterns, from whicn to make selections. The best of tailors are employed, and art- istic taste in cutting, is one of the fea- tures of this house. He is largely and State of South Carolina. 135 liberally patronized by the best class of citizens, and gives employment to fourteen skilled and competent work- men. His store is located at No. 37 Broad street, is 15x50 feet in dimen- sions, is level with the walk, is hand- somely fitted up, and has every con- venience for the business. Mr. Plenge is a native of Charleston, is a thorough- going business man, and ranks among the reliable dealers in the city. A. MENIvE, Merchant Tailor. Prominent among the merchant tailors of Charleston, is Mr. A. Menke. He established business in 1853, and has ever since enjoyed an important patronage, and numbers among his customers, many of the leading pro- fessional and business men of the city. The nicest fitting garments are trim- med and made in the most desirable manner. Hekeeps a full stock, of some f 6,000 in value, ot ready-made clothing, cassimeres, suitings, etc., including ail the fashionable patterns from whicti to select. Seven experienced hands are employed, and artistic taste in cutting is one of the features of the house, and fine goods its characteristic. He also carries a full and well selected as- sortment of gents furnishing goods. The store is spacious, 25x00 feet in extent, located, at 245 King street. Mr. Menke studies to please his cus- tomers, providing just what is wanted, just when the people want it. Mr. Menke is a native of Oldenburg, came to the United (States in 1840, and is well known and esteemed in this com- munity. JABOB STEIBER, Fashionable Boot Maker. Among the old and well known merchants of Charleston, Mr. Jacob Steiber, fashionable boot maker, is worthy of special mention. The bus- iness was established by this gentle- man in 1857. The store is a ' con- venient and well arranged one, 18x50 feet in dimensions, is located at No. 41 Broad street, and is filled to reple- tion with as varied an assortment as can be found in any store of the kind in this city. The goods are principally of his own manufacture, comprise a large variety of gentle- men’s patent leather and calf-skin boots, gaiters, shoes, &c., and are made by hand from the best material and sold at popular prices. He has also a general assortment of other goods, and all the leading styles and fashions in ladies’ misses’ and chil- dren’s goods. A special department for custom work, is one of the^features of the business, which is under his personal supervision, and first-class work and perfect fitting boots or shoes are always guaranteed, at low prices. He carries a stock having a represent- ative value of several thousands of dollars, he gives constant employment to five skilled workmen, his trade is large and lucrative. Mr. Steiber is a native of Frankfort, Germany, has been long a resident of Charleston, where he is respected, both as a mer- chant and a citizen. GEO. W. EGAN, Contractor and Builder. Among the prominent and substan- tial citizens of this city, there are none better known than Mr. Geo. W. Egan, who established the above business in 1866, and at present is located at 78 Meeting street. Mr. Egan is a native of this city, and is a thorough, prac- tical man to the business, he provides estimates and plans, contracts for buildings of all kinds ; also for altern- ations and all kinds of general job- bing, in the line tha tbelongs to the carpenter and builder, and has every facility and convenience at his com- modious shop, for attending to all or- ders promptly. Mr. Egan superin- tends all work in person, and guaran- tees satisfaction as to workmanship 136 City of Charleston. and price. None but skilled me- chanics are employed, and to these constant work is given. Among the many buildings that owe their attrac- tive appearance and substantial build to the taste and judgment of this arti- san, we note the building known as S. C. L. & Trust Co ; also the one occu- pied by the Southern Telegraph Co., the handsome front of Elias’s shoe store on King street, and many others. He is also prepared to execute all styles of slate and tile roofing, also plain and ornamental plastering; cis- terns built and repaired; fitting up store fronts a specialty. Mr. Egan is a large property holder, and invests lib- erally in all judicious undertakings; is a director in the S. C. S. Boat Co., also a large stockholder ; is sole pro- prietor of Accommodation Wharf, lo- cated in the southeastern part of the city, tie is a genial and public-spir- ited gentleman, and always ready to contribute to the prosperity and wel- fare of the community, with his sound and wise judgment, or his private funds, as the emergency requires. This gentlemen was in 1882 and ’83 a member of the State Legislature, and is, at present, one of the commissioners oi the Orphan House of this city, and in this community, is esteemed as a valuable and influential citizen. HENRY HAESLOOP, Dealer in Grain, Hay, Grist, Meal, etc. A representative house, engaged in the grain and feed, grocery and liquor business, is that of Mr. Henry Hae- sloop, located at 620 King street. The building is a substantial one, two and a half stories high, having a frontage of 50 and depth of 100 feet, and has every convenience for the prosecution of the business. This house was es- tablished by its present owner in 1870, in the same location as it now is. There is carried a very full and com- plete line of grain of all kinds, hay, corn meal, grist, and all varieties of feed, besides a complete assortment of the choicest groceries, family flour of first-class brands, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, and in fact everything that is necessary to meet the large and vari- ous demands in that direction. To this he likewise adds wines and li- quors, from the most famous foreign vineyards, and a choice selection of similar domestic products. Among the brands of tobacco he keeps, we see the leading ones from all the tobacco producing States in the Union, as well as the best known imported brands. From this varied stock, which never is allowed to run below §8,000 in va- lue, the purchaser cannot fail to find what he wants. Mr. Haesloop’s trade, both wholesale and retail, is large, and extends through South Carolina, and into the adjoining States, North Caro- lina, Georgia, and Florida. He em- ploys five competent assistants, three wagons being necessary to fulfil with promptitude, the orders from his nu- merous patrons, both in city and country. Mr. Haesloop is a progressive, straightforward business man, well posted, and merits the excellent trade he enjoys. He is a native of Bremen, and since coming to this country, in 1860, has been held in high esteem by its citizens. JOHN C. MALLONEE, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Southern Lumber, Plastering Laths, Shingles, etc. Cor. Washington and Calhoun. There can be no better means of calling the attention of the outside world to the attractions of Charleston as a source of supply, than to demon- strate these advantages by briefly re- ferring to industries already estab- lished here. The lumber trade, is one that has developed considerable pro- portions of late, and those engaged both as manufacturers and dealers, offer superior facilities to those con- templating building. One of the most State of South Carolina. 137 extensive houses in this line, is that of Mr. J. C. Mallonee, established in 1865. The yards occupied, cover about six acres, and are located on the Cooper River, on which is a wharf 500 feet long, capable of accommodating the largest vessels entering the harbor, and thus affording the greatest facili- ties for receipt and shipment. Mr. Mallonee, manufactures and deals in Southern lumber, plastering laths, shingles, etc., most of which is shipped to New York, Baltimore and Philadel- phia, as well as foreign shipments. He also supplies firewood for home consumption. The saw and planing mills, are large and furnished with complete machinery, that of the for- mer, being driven by an engine of 70 and of the latter, by one of 25-liorse power. He employs some fifty expe- rienced hands. One may form some idea of the magnitude of the transac- tions, when they know, that upwards of fourteen million feet of lumber , is cut by the house in the year. This is mostly S. C. pine, from the ap country, where Mr. Mallonee calls into requisi- tion the services of over 150 employees. The business, is conducted upon a poli- cy that entitles it to the fullest confi- dence of all. Mr. Mallonee, thesole pro- prietor, is a native of Maryland and came South in 1856. In the late war he took an active part, serving in Col. Steven’s regiment, on James Island, and, also, as a mechanic in the navy department, under Commodore Ingram. He is identified with other industries of the city, is Treasurer of the Charleston Phosphate Co., and may well be numbered among the most enterprising and public-spirited citizens. MARKS’ SHIP YARD, Foot of Commercial Street. It is almost marvellous to contem- plate the magnitude which this great art of ship building has attained in this city, when compared with the limit to which it was circumscribed twenty 10 years ago, no business has so pro- moted the commercial interests of Charleston, or grown more rapidly in so short a period. In this connection, a few brief facts with relation to the his- tory and business of Mr. Marks, are replete with interest. This gentleman is a native of Portugal ; came to this city in 1868, and started the above business with Mr. Silvia, his father-in- law, at the. foot of Calhoun street, where now stands Mallonee’s mills. Owing to the death of Mr. Silvia in 1876, Mr. Marks assumed the business alone, at the foot of Reid street, near the N. E. Railroad depot. In 1882 he removed to his present place of busi- ness, foot of Council street, northwest- ern part of this city, on the Ashley River, where he is fully prepared, with all the necessary appliances, to trans- act all business, in the line of ship building, in all its branches. The best of material is used, and none but first- class workmen employed, all under the direct supervision of Mr. Marks, the proprietor, whose long experience and wide-spread reputation, has placed him in the foremost ranks of ship builders. Repairing of all kinds in this line, caulking, etc., done at short notice, at moderate charges. A large causeway is constructed for this pur- pose, where vessels are hauled up and launched. This establishment covers a space of 200x1000 feet. A neat and. well furnished office, is conveniently located in the yard, for the arranging, of all business matters. This gentle- man, by close application to business, together with economy and honest dealing, has gained a competency, which verifies the old adage, that “In- dustry brings its own reward.” B. R. BURNETT, Attorney. Among the well-known and popu- lar professional gentlemen of Charles- ton, Mr. B. R. Burnett, Attorney and Counsellor at Law; having his office at No. 39 Broad street, is worthy of special 138 City of Charleston. mention. This gentleman, at the age of seventeen, entered the 4th South Carolina Cavalry (Charleston Light Dragoons), serving in the war between the States, after which he studied law with Messrs. Rutledge & Young, and two years later was admitted to practice. Has been practicing and planting since. Was, in 1876, appointed Trial Justice by Governor Hampton, has been reappointed every term since, now filling that position. Mr. Burnett conducts a general practice, serving his clients with fidelity. He is a native of Charleston, where he is well and wide- ly known, for his many excellent qual- ities of mind and heart. CHARLES F. PANKNIN, Chemist and Apothecary. This house, which has had a pros- perous existence for over half a cen- tury, has been long known to the citi- zens of Charleston, as one of the lead- ing in its line. It was originally • established, by the father of the present proprietor, who succeeded to the busi- ness in 1860, and who has since en- joyed the patronage, and possessed the confidence of the community. The store, conveniently located at 123 Meeting street, is elegantly arranged :and well adapted to the business, his ■ customers being the best families of .the city. The stock carried, is well : selected, and contains a complete as- sortment of fresh drugs, besides a full dine of perfumery, toilet necessaries .and fancy articles. To the prescrip- ition department, Dr. Panknin gives his detailed attention. He is a direct importer of German, French and Eng- lish drugs and chemicals. As a chem- ist the doctor stands high in the pro- fession, ancf has received many honors. He graduated from Dresden Pharma- ceutic College in 1857. He has been President of the State Pharmaceutic Society, and is an influential member of the American Pharm. Associa- tion. He is a native of the city, where he has so long conducted a successful business, and is recognized as one of Charleston’s trusted business men and public-spirited citizens. ROB’T T. MARTIN, Boots, Shoes, Hats and Caps. Sewing Machines. 117 and 119 Market Street. In a review of the industries of Charleston, we find many enterprising- business firms. Among these the house of Robert Martin occupies a prominent position. The business was established in 1839 by Mr. Sargent, who was succeeded by one Findlay, and who ivas again succeeded by the present proprietor in 1865, since when the transactions of the house, have taken strides, which only the indom- itable energy of its skillful manage- ment could attain. The premises are centrally located, at 117 and 119 Mar- ket street, and consist of a large three- story building 33 feet front by 65 deep. The first floor, is used for the retail boot and shoe departments. On the second, customers can inspect a complete assortment of sewing ma- chines; the repairing shop is also on this floor, while the third floor is for storage. The stock of boots, shoes, hats and caps, includes the latest styles and best makes from first hands. In this line, Mr. Martin transacts a whole- sale and retail businesss, and has an able salesman who, on the road, rep- resents him throughout this State. In sewing machines he is general agent for South Carolina, Georgia and North Carolina, for the famous Wilson Lightning Lever — 2,000 stitches a minute — and also agent for the well known Llousehold, Howe, Wilson and Gibbs, and William Singer, of all of which, he keeps a full supply on hand, as well as all the necessary attach- ments for them, and a complete as- sortment of all sizes of needles. Be- sides the above business, Mr. Martin is the manufacturer of a patent — date 13 May 1881 — board for ironing shirt fronts, which is extensively sold State of South Carolina. 139 throughout the whole United States. The total transactions of this house will average from $75,000 to $80,000 annually. Mr. Robert Martin, the sole owner of this large establishment, is a native of Ireland, and came to this country in 1843, and as an energetic and progressive business man, has gained an envied reputation and is counted as one of Charleston’s valua- ble and useful citizens. BERNARD O’NEILL, Wholesale Grocer and Commission Merchant. Prominent among the wholesale grocery houses of the South, stands the firm of Bernard O’Neill. Mr. O’Neill, established business in 1845, and has outrode the vicissitudes of com- mercial panics, foreign and civil wars, and now stands, as one of the most po- pular and best known merchants on the Bay. His premises are large and spacious, extending from East Bay, back to State street, and are well adapted to facilitate the carrying on of such an immense business. He employs from ten to twelve expe- rienced and obliging assistants. The stock carried is large, embracing flour of first brands, pork, sugars and sy- rups, butter and cheese direct from the factory, bacon, lard, provisions of all kinds, and in fact every necessity which the appetite of the laboror de- mands, and every luxury that the table of the millionaire calls for. The goods obtained from Mr. O’Neill, can always be depended upon as of stand- ard cpiality. The trade is large, ex- tending not only to every village of South Carolina, but into Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina. Mr. O’Neill, a gentleman of polite and courteous manners, is a native of Ire- land, and came to the United States in 1841. He formerly did business, in a manner that many less experienced men are imitating at the present day, but now prefers to run his establish- ment, on these methods and principles that his mature judgment dictates as most reliable and correct, and enjoys the reputation, of being the most solid and staunch merchant, en- gaged in the purchase and sale of mer- chandise in Charleston. N. ABRAHAMS, Upper Ward Boot and Shoe House, 504 King Street. Among the business houses in the upper part of Charleston, we take plea- sure in mentioning that of Mr. N. Abrahams. This gentleman is a native of Prussia, and came to this country in 1866. In 1874 he established his present business in Charleston. He deals in boots and shoes of every de- scription, and, from his full stock, is able to suit any taste, and fit comfort- ably any foot. He also carries a com- plete line of trunks, valises, satchels, etc., a full and well selected stock, adapted for his extensive city and country trade. He enjoys a liberal patronage, from customers throughout the city, and his establishment reflects credit upon his sagacity, as a merchant. Boots, shoes, etc., may be obtained at the lowest cash prices, guaranted as represented. Mr. Abrahams, is a care- ful and shrewd business man, knows just when, where, and how to buy, and is content to retail at a small margin of profit. He is respected as a mer- chant and citizen. C. J. SCITLEPEGRELL & SON, Lumber, Shingles, Brick, Wood, Lime, Paints, etc. We are free to admit, that no more important trade is connected with this community than that which relates to the handling of builders’ materials. Among the leading firms in this line in the State, we are called upon to mention C. J. Schlepegrell & Son. The senior member of the firm, commenced business for himself in the same loca- tion the house at present occupies, in 1847, as a soda-water manufacturer, at which he was so successfu. as to return 140 City of Charleston. to his native land — Hanover — in 1855. He came back to this country in 1866, and started the lumber business, which he alone prosperously conduct- ed, till joined by his son, in January, 1882. They deal in lumber, bricks, lime, laths, groved and tongued board, paints, hardware, oak and pine-wood slabs, and in fact all articles, necessary for the equipment of the largest struc- tures for dwelling or business purposes, and are the largest manufacturers and shippers in South Carolina of shin- gles ; and intending purchasers, will find that from their large stock they can readily select something satisfac- tory. The premises occupied, consist of two large and well appointed yards on Line street — one 60x100, and the other 78x110 feet, and another spa- cious one on King street, all owned by them. Their engagements, necessitate the employment, of from six to seven hands, three carts and a wagon being also called into requisition. Mr. C. J. Schlepegrell, the senior member, came to this country from Hanover, in 1843, and during his resi- dence in this community, has gained an honored name, as a merchant. He also takes a part in social circles, and as a member of the Schiller Lodge, and as ex-Chief Patriarch, is counted among the most influential of Charles- ton’s Odd-Fellows. He also has for several years ably filled the position of School Commissioner of the Ger- man Academy. His residence, is con- veniently situated on the premises, so that he gives much of his attention to business. The junior partner, Mr. F. W. Schlepegrell, was born in Han- over, and educated in Charleston, and received first-class honors at Charles- ton College, taking much responsibil- ity on his shoulders, is generally ac- knowledged one of Charleston’s most enterprising and progressive business men and useful citizens. F. TUPPER & CO., In Charleston there are numer- ous insurance agencies, representing the most reliable companies in the world. Among such there are none which enjoy a higher reputation, for business ability than the gentlemen who form the above copartnership. The firm commenced business on De- cember 8, 1873,. They represent the Commercial Union Assurance Co. of London, capital $12,500,000, assets $21,000,000; Fire Association of Phil- adelphia, assets $4,400,000; Niagara Fire Insurance Company of New York, assets $1,800,000; Fire In- surance Association of London; North German Fire Insurance Co. of Ham- burg, and Rochester German In- surance Co. of New York. Besides they are agents in South Carolina, for the Massachusetts Mutual Life Ins. Co., assets $7,200,000. They also are representatives of, and write marine risks in the United States Lloyds. The office is centrally located, at 5 Broad st., and callers will find the members of the firm, ready to give any information which may be desired. They insure dwellings, household fur- niture, churches and bank buildings at advantageous rates. Their business is large and increasing, especially in adjusting risks. The members of the firm, are natives of Charleston, where they are well known as enterprising men. They all took an active part in the civil war, Mr. F. Tupper and Mr. B. Grimball serving in the ranks of the Marion artillery, in S. C., and faced the terrible onslaughts on Battery Wagner. The latter gentleman is the able Secretary and Treasurer of the Carolina Club and the S. C. Jockey Club. Mr. T. Pinckney Lowndes also served in the Marion artillery and sig- nal corps, and is now Lieut -Col. on Gen. McCrady’s staff, and, also, school commissioner of the city. Messrs. Lowndes and Grimball con- duct, each on his own account, an im- portant brokerage and real estate bus- iness. The above firm are wide awake to the interests of all with whom they connect themselves and relations with State of South Carolina. 141 them will be found pleasant and per- manent. SHEPPARD & PORCHER, Dealers in Rice. Among the firms carrying on a large business in rice in this city, none is more worthy of mention than Messrs. Sheppard & Porcher, whose office is conveniently located on East Bay. Their premises here consist of a three- story warehouse, 35x250 feet, admira- bly adapted for the business. They handle Carolina rice, and in summer season, considerable quantities of for- eign rice, which is obtained from the best plantations, and sold guaranteed equal to sample, and at prices advan- tageous to buyers. Their trade, which is steadily increasing, extends not only all over the South, but to the markets of the North and West, where their connections are likewise first-class. The business, necessitates the employ- ment of fifteen competent hands. This establishment, is the successor of J. L. Sheppard, the senior of the present firm, who commenced busi- ness in 1870, and of Good & Brown, a house founded in 1874. Mr. Sheppard is a native of Charleston, and is known to the community as a reliable mer- chant. He took an active part in the late war, rendering service to the Con- federate cause, as a member of the Washington Light Infantry. His part- ner, Mr. W. D. Porcher, was also born in this city, and therefore known as an enterprising merchant. It remains for us still to speak of Sheppard’s Cot- ton Tie Buckle, which is so univers- ally used, not only in Carolina, but throughout the United States. It is Mr. Sheppard’s invention, patented 1868, and on its merits again re-patent- ed in 1877. It is the only buckle which has given entire satisfaction to compressors, and is in all respects adapted to the wants of the compress. Its greatest virtue lies in its simplicity, strength and security rendering it finally perfect. It bears the endorse- ment of every press in the United States; and what more could be said of its intrinsic worth ? It is made in two sizes ; light, 16 buckles, and heavy, 14 to the pound. SAMUEL R, MARSHALL & CO. Hardware, Cutlery, Guns, and Agricultural Implements. The growth of the hardware trade, is due to the energy of those who have been long connected with the business, and who have developed a fitness and capacity gained from long and active experience. Such a house in Charles- ton is that of Messrs. Samuel R. Mar- shall & Co., which was originally es- tablished as J. E. Adger & Co., of which firm Mr. Marshall, was long a partner prior to the war. After the war, the present style was adopted, Mr. •Julius J. Westcoat being the junior partner till 1st June, 1883, when John V. McNamee, and Paul W. Sanders were taken into the firm. During its career this house has been a most active and honorable competitor for legitimate trade. The salesrooms and warehouse of the firm, are comprised in a three-story brick building, 25x200 feet, besides as much more space in ad- jacent buildings, located at 139 Meeting street, in the centre of commercial activity of Charleston. Here is car- ried an . immense stock, embracing everything under the heads of hard- ware, iron, steel, metals, agricultural implements, carriage and blacksmiths’ supplies, nails, cutlery, cordage, etc. The firm are agents for the famous Watt Plows, Avery’s Plows, Champion Mowers and Reapers, celebrated Dow Law Planter, Gullett’s Steel Brush Gin. Cotton Bloom Gin, Taylor Gin, Gal- vanized Fencing Wire, and Fairbanks’ Scales. Their trade extends all over South Carolina, and into the adjoin- ing States, the business necessitating the employment of thirteen hands, and four wagons, are used to facilitate the 142 City of Charleston. handling of goods. The members of the firm, are all natives of South Caro- lina, and allied to the advancement of its commercial prosperity. They are painstaking merchants, who study the Wants of their trade, and, by supply- ing only a reliable quality of goods, have built up and retained for such a series of years their present extensive business. E. IiUGUELET, Watches and Jewelry. This business was founded nearly a half century ago, and was known under the firm name of Eylan & Hay- den, who were succeeded by Hayden & Bro. Next it was known as Gregg & Hayden, then Hayden and Whil- den, and next A. H. Hayden. The latter gentleman was succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. E. Huguelet, in 1877, who was for fifteen years the faithful employee of the house. He oc- cupies a pleasant location at 411 King street, and has a store of ample dimen- sions, 18x45 feet. A good display is made in rich, elegant jewelry, of every description, in all the newest and most fashionable styles, for use and orna- ment, and suitable for wedding or birthday presents. There can also be found in stock a fine assortment of watches. French and American clocks can be seen in variety ; also, silver and plated ware, spectacles, eye-glasses, and optical goods generally. A feature of the business, is in repairing watches, jewelry and clocks, which is done by skillful hands, with promptitude. A stock valued at over $5,000 is invested, and a large local trade is conducted, extending also throughout the coun- try. Three experienced assistants, are kept busily employed in attending to their various duties. Mr. Huguelet, is a native of Switzerland, and came to the United States in 1860. He enjoys a large patronage, and has always been popular as a business man, and as a fine watch, clock and jewelry repairer, is considered one of the most skillful and expert in the city. He is regarded as a courteous gentleman, and stands as one of the honorable, influential citizens of this vicinity. MEETING ST Among the more recent manufac- turing enterprises in Charleston, and the only one in its line, is the Eagle Candy Manufacturing Company, lo- cated at No. Ill Meeting st., Hurley’s block. This factory, was established March 1st, 1883. The premises util- ized in the business, consists of a two- story building 25x100 feet in dimen- sions, and thoroughly equipped with all modern appliances, for conducting a large manufacturing business. They manufacture stick, lump and assorted candies, for the wholesale and jobbing- trade, fresh every day, from the purest material, without any admixture of State of South Carolina. 143 injurious coloring matter, or any sub- stance, of an unwholesome character. The delicious flavors are obtained by the use of pure fruit juices, and the coloring, where any is used, is of harmless vegetable character. They give employment to seven competent workmen, their trade is wholesale and extensive, principally to jobbers in Charleston. The product of their factory, will average fourteen hundred pounds daily. Rock candy syrup, is a specialty. The facilities they enjoy for procuring their supplies, purchas- ing the same in large quantities and for cash, and the thorough knowledge they have of every detail of their bus- iness, enables them to offer induce- ments that cannot be surpassed, by any other establishment of the kind in the South. The business managers of this flourishing establishment, are Mr. W. J. Trim, and Mr. George W. Spear. The former was born in Ireland, came to the United States in 1852, and came to Charleston in 1857 ; is an active, energetic business man, is possessed of great executive ability, and is a public-spirited citizen, re- sponded with alacrity to the call of his country to arms, was in the Charleston Rifles, and lost his arm near Petersburg. The junior mana- ger, is a native of Georgia, came to Charleston in 1873, was ten years with Clausen Brothers, leaving them to assume, in company with Mr. Trim, the management of this concern. He is practical to this business, has a thorough knowledge, acquired by long experience, of all the various processes of manufacture, has excellent judg- ment in the selection of flavors, color- ing matter, and other materials, used in the manufacture of their goods, and is much liked in the business, and so- cial circles of Charleston. J. H. DUCIvER, Grocer. This house was established in Charleston in 1867, and is favorably known to the inhabitants of the city, • as well as to a large portion of the country population. Here may be found a large stock of fancy and staple groceries, canned goods in all their variety, teas and coffees of guaranteed qualities, pure spices, sugars, condi- ments, and table delicacies, every- thing, in fact, which goes to make up the stock of a first-class family grocery store. The stock carried, has a repre- sentative value of $10,000. The store, 35 feet by 100 in dimensions, with an addition of 40 feet for storage pur- poses, is conveniently arranged for the business. Six intelligent clerks, are employed, and genuine goods are the rule. Mr. Ducker is a live, business man, who, by perseverance and hon- orable dealing, has won success, and founded a house, that is a credit to the business of the city. Mr. J. IT. Ducker, is a native of Hanover, came to the U. S. in 1866, and is known through- out the city, as a reliable business man, and an esteemed citizen. J. BACHMAN CHISOLM, ATTORNEY AT LAW, No. 22 Broad Street, (2d Story,) Charleston, S. C. A. O. BARBOT, Druggist. The vocation of druggist, is an im- portant one, in any community. On their care, and skill, almost as much as that of the medical profession, de- pends the physical welfare, of patients. Among the widely and favorably known druggists, in Charleston, may be named, Mr. A. O. Barbot, located at No. 48 Broad street. The store, is 22x50 feet in dimensions, is a fine one, 144 City of Charleston. and is made attractive, by neat show cases, and ornamental counters, and is fitted up, with every convenience, es- pecially the prescription department. He gives special attention, to carefully, accurately, and promptly compound- ing physicians’ prescriptions, and fam- ily recipes. Mr. Barbot, established this business, shortly after the war, has been continuously engaged in it since. He is, one of the well known old resi- dents, of the State, is a courteous gen- tleman, gives strict attention to the wants of his many patrons, and en- joys the confidence, of the entire com- munity. In the store, he has a care- fully selected stock, of pure fresh drugs, and chemicals, also the leading proprietary medicines, of known stand- ard reputation, and merit, also an ele- gant assortment, of toilet requisites, perfumes, &c., and all articles, usually to be found,, in a first-class druggist’s establishment. He is a member of the Pharmaceutical Society, is a reliable business man, and a thoroughly skilled pharmacist, has a ripe experience, in this line of business. He is one of the old representative citizens, of Charles- ton, occupying a prominent position, in business and social circles. J. C. MANDEVILLE, House and Sign Painter. To decorate, adorn and beautify, is an art of prime necessity in all civi- lized communities. When the last strokes of the mechanic and the arti- sans of all the various branches of in- dustry called into requisition in the construction of our residences have been made, then comes the services of the painter, who transforms the pro- duct or result of the labor of all the other mechanic arts, into a thing of beauty, which the poet tells us “ is a joy forever.” One among the well- known and popular residents of Charleston, is Mr. J. C. Mandeville, who, since 1876, has been engaged in business, as a house and sign painter, and in that line has met with a most i decided success, and has achieved a standard reputation, for the reliable character of his workmanship. Mr. Mandeville, is a thoroughly practical man, and gives his personal attention to all. work entrusted to him. House, sign and ornamental painting, is a leading feature. He makes a specialty of graining, marbling and all kinds of interior decorations. The premises utilized in this business are centrally located, at No. 79 Meeting street, are 20x50 feet in size, and have every con- venience for the prosecution of a large business. Mr. Mandeville, receives a large patronage from the residents of Charleston and its vicinity, calling into requisition, in the busier seasons of the year, the services of twenty skilled painters. In its special line of business, this house is not to be sur- passed, and in all his work will be found an originality of design, and a harmonious blending of colors,' that stamps him at once as being a thor- ough master of his business. Mr. Mandeville is a native of Charleston, and enjoys a high reputation with the residents of the city, and the surround- ing country, who appreciate his judg- ment and ability, and the care he takes in fulfilling his orders and con- tracts, in the best and most workman- like manner. Mr. Mandeville is a thorough artist, and is always ready to negotiate for work of every descrip- tion, in his line of business, upon the most reasonable terms. He is favor- ably known, by a large circle of ac- quaintances, is young, enterprising and progressive, and enjoys a popu- larity and reputation, second to no other in the same line of business. J. R. SOLOMONS, M. D., Dentist. The above, who is one of the lead- ing practitioners of Dental Surgery in Charleston, was born in this city, and is a member of the Charleston Dental Society, and of the Southern Dental i Association. Dr. Solomons, has gained State of South Carolina. 45 a wide-spread reputation, and sustains a high professional and social status with all who know him. The progress made in the photo- graphic art in late years, is really won- derful. The popular photographer of Charleston, is Mr. Frank A. Nowell, who is pronounced one of the best. Mr. Nowell, possesses a thorough mas- tery of the different methods and the recent improvements in the art, and knowing how to give an easy and graceful pose to the sitter before the camera, produces soul-speaking like- nesses, showing harmony in their com- position, and truth in their outlines. This gallery was first established by Quinby & Co., who were succeeded by G. N. Barnard, who in turn was, in 1880, succeeded by the present pro- prietor. He executes copies and en- larges pictures, in oil, crayon, India ink, water colors, &c., his skill and workmanship being greatly admired, has attracted to his handsome re- ception parlors, all classes of the com- munity. His gallery occupies two entire floors of No. 263 King street, are handsomely furnished, and thor- oughly equipped, and amply provided with everj r convenience for the busi- ness. His studio, is provided with handsome scenic backgrounds, and other necessary auxiliaries, for pro- ducing effective pictures. His rooms are somewhat peculiar in their ar- rangement, the staircase being in the centre, light coming from a lai’ge sky- light, iii the centre of the roof, its con- struction being such, as to have the effect of making it cooler in the sum- mer months, and more comfortable in winter. Mr. Nowell first came to Charleston in 1870. He is a practical man, acquainted with every detail of the business, and has won distinction in the art of which he is a diligent scholar and lover. J. H. STEINMEYER, Rough and Dressed Lumber of all Descriptions. In a review of the industries of Charleston, special interest attaches to those houses, which have been so long established, as to be a part of the his- tory of the city itself, and more espe- cially is this true, when the scope and charater of the industry, are such, as extend the reputation of the city, into distant parts of the surrounding coun- try, and which, in the disbursements of large sums to operatives, are justly entitled to credit, as important factors in developing the general thrift. Such an industry is the Charleston Steam Saw and Planing Mills, located at west end of Beaufain street, and Ashley River, of which Mr. J. II. Stein- meyer, is proprietor. These mills were established fifty years ago by Mr. Henry Clark, and Mr. John H. Stein- meyer, the father of the present pro- prietor, who died in August, 1883, when his son, named after him, suc- ceeded him, in business, it being one of tire oldest, largest, most widely known establishments of the kind, in South Carolina. Connected with the mill is an extensive yard, in which is kept a large stock of every description of seasoned, dressed and rough lum- 14G City of Charleston. ber, also lumber in rafts, mast logs and ranging timber for shipping and . other purposes, Ac. Shingles, laths, and everything usually provided by such an establishment. There is also a wharf of five hundred feet, with a draft of fifteen feet at low water. The saw mill, contains a full equipment of late improved machinery, circular and straight saws, &c. It has three new boilers, and a new and powerful en- gine ; the planing mill is of brick. As an historical fact, this building was the first cotton factory in this State, and is amply provided with planing, moulding, and matching machines, of the most approved patents, all of which are operated, by steam power. In this mill, there are three boilers, feeding with steam, the powerful en- gine, by which the works are run. There is also connected with these mills, a large storehouse, all of brick, in which the finer description of lum- ber is kept. Employment is furnished, to from thirty to thirty-five skilled workmen, in the several departments of this business. The products of the house, embrace everything in the way of flooring, siding, moulding, and all other planing mill work. Sawing, turning, Ac., is done to order, and every facility, for turning out work promptly, and in the most workman- like manner, is here enjoyed. The trade of this house is very large, most- ly yellow pine, some cypress, and cedar, and sends its merchandise, through- out North America, West Indies, and Europe, the spars go largely to Europe. The proprietor is also the senior part- ner, of the firm Steinmeyer & Stokes, who for twelve years, have caried on extensive timber and lumber mills, on Saltkehatchie River, and Port Royal Railroad, from which they have every facility, for manufacturing, from the best quality of yellow pine, ranging timber, and lumber of all dimensions, and furnishing it in any quantity, and transporting it by rail, and water. As- sociated with him— J. IT. S. — are his brothers, James W. and Chas. F. Steinmeyer, together with Mr. A. J. Barton, who has been in the employ of this establishment, for the past thirty-five years, as superintendent, Mr. E. P. Grice, bookkeeper and ac- countant, and P. M. Ruff, engineer and millwright, all natives of Charles- ton, are capable and efficient em- ployees in their respective depart- ments, of this most extensive establish- ment of its kind, in South Carolina, being most indispensable assistants to the proprietor, in the supervision and management, of this large business enterprise. The proprietor, Mr. John IT. Stein- meyer, is a native of Charleston, is one of its most solid merchants, is possess- ed of indomitable energy and great business tact and sagacity, contribut- ing probably as much as anyone man in it to the growth, welfare and pros- perity of the place of his nativity. bias been since his. eighteenth year, in this business ; now forty-nine years of age. The following is Mr. J. PI. Stein- meyer ’s war record. He was captain of Company A, Marion Rifles, 24th Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, was in command of skirmishers or sharpshooters at Vicksburg, under Gen. Stevens, was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and again at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia. In Sherman’s pressure on General Johnston, after- ward captured at Ship Gap, Taylor’s Ridge, while in command of an ad- vanced guard, left to check the pursuit of Hood by Sherman, and held a pris- oner, for nine months, on Johnson’s Island, Lake Erie, Iris company was the only one from this city, in General Stevens’ command. COHEN & TRIEST, Palace Dry Goods Emporium, . 264 King St. It is our aim in these pages, to pre- sent a brief and truthful statement of the capacity and characteristics of each industry in Charleston, without State of South Carolina. 147 making invidious comparisons, and thus lay before our readers, a reliable picture of the several trade accommo- dations and advantages this city, has to offer. Among the extensive establish- ments which have attracted our no- tice, none deserve a more favorable consideration, than the widely known Palace Dry Goods Emporium of Messrs.- Cohen & Triest. The business, was established about twelve years ago, and has risen to the top of the ladder in the fine retail trade. The house, has become a favor- ite resort, for the consumers of fine dry goods in this city and vicinity. They occupy a store 35 feet by 200 in dimensions, centrally located on the busiest part of King st. Interiorly it is admirably fitted up, luxuriantly finished, well adapted to the business, and divided into twenty different de- partments, each containing a large, well assorted and carefully selected stock, of the different lines of goods they handle. Anything like a com- plete enumeration of the stock, would tax the patience of our readers. Suf- fice it to say, that it embraces a com- plete assortment of American, English, French and German dry goods, dress goods, hosiery, silks, laces, embroid- eries, gloves and fancy goods, gents’ furnishing goods, notions, ladies un- derwear, etc., which the} r offer to cus- tomers at lowest prices. In the rear of the store is an elegant and comfort- able cloak room where ladies will find a varied and splendid stock of the. finest and most fashionable cover- ings, dolmans, cloaks, wraps, man- tles, for ladies, misses and children, overlooked and attended to by accom- plished and courteous sales-ladies, who give, careful attention to the wants of customers, and ladies shop- ping, may visit this establishment without fear of being over-solicited to make purchases against their judg- ment. The individual members of the firm, Mr. L. PI. Cohen, and Mr. M. Triest, are both painstaking gentle- men, and it need not be added, honor- able and reliable business men, who conduct an establishment of which Charleston has every reason to be proud. BREWSTER & BURKE, Attorneys and Counsellors. Mr. Charles R. Brewster has been a prominent feature at the bar of Charles- ton for many years. He was born at Buxton, York County, State of Maine, on the 23d of July, 1808, acquired his primary education at the schools of his native town, prepared for college at Gorham Academy, and graduated from Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, in 1828. He studied law with Messrs. Rand & Fiske, in Boston, in 1830 ; January, 1831, he came to Charleston, S. C., and then and there entered as a student, the office of that able and eminent lawyer, Hon. Ben- jamin Fanueil Dunkin, who was after- wards elected Chief Justice of the Su- preme Court of South Carolina. Mr. Brewster, continued his legal studies in Charleston until 1834, when he was admitted to practice at a general term of the Supreme Court of said State, held at Columbia in December of that year; he then entered into copartner- ship with Mr. Dunkin, his preceptor, and practiced his profession for three or four years under the firm name and style of Dunkin & Brewster, and upon the election of his partner as Chan- cellor, formed a connection with the Hon. Henry Bailey, then the Attorney- General of the State, which continued about ten years. After Mr Bailey’s death, this connection being dissolved, he formed one with Alfred Id. Dunkin, Esq., the son of Chancellor Dunkin, under the style of Brewster & Dun- kin, and still later became associated with Hon. Robert Munro, in the prac- tice of his profession, and continued the same for two years, and down to the time' of Mr Munro’s election to a Judgeship. After the war, the firm of Brewster, Spratt A Burke was formed. 148 City of Charleston. This association continued for three or four years, when Mr. Spratt removed to Jacksonville, Florida. From that time the general practice of the law in the State Courts, as also in the United States District and Supreme Courts, was and is now continued un- der the name and style of Brewster & Burke, the senior member having many years since been admitted as Attorney and Counsellor, in all the United States Courts, and in which he has had a large practice, especially in patent cases, having taken a promi- nent part amid the hosts of legal lu- minaries, that were engaged in the heavy suits brought by Woodworth and his successor for the many in- fringements of the patent for that world-renowned and most useful me- chanical invention, ever conceived by the genius of man, and designated as the Woodworth Patent Machine for planing, tonguing and grooving boards, which suits were by Mr. Brew- ster conducted in South Carolina, and before the United States Supreme Court, to a successful issue, vindicating the right of great inventive gifts, and indefatigable mechanical and scientific study, experiment and capital, to the sole and exclusive rights of their pro- duction. These are among the most memorable and important cases that ever engaged the attention of the United States Courts. This litigation was pursued continuously, and most persistently for many years, the suits for the infringement of this most valu- able of patents, possessing as it did so many points of advantage, over any other that had ever been devised for that purpose, the temptation to the infraction of the patentee’s rights, was too great to be overcome, and innu- merable suits against parties residing in all of the United States, most of them involving great amounts, and in the aggregate, a sum reaching into the millions, and engaging the talent of many of the most renowned lawyers in almost all the States. As a lawyer, he is thoroughly well read, has almost an exhaustive knowledge of the great principles of legal jurisprudence, pos- sesses a vigorous intellect, a massive mind, and much clearness and felicity of expression. As counsel, he is care- ful, painstaking, deep and thorough in investigation, clear in perception, pro- found in judgment, and honorable and conscientious in legal advice. As an advocate, he is felicitous in language and convincing, and on all occasions is eminently remarkable for fairness toward his adversary. He is one of the most influential of the prominent men of Charleston, espousing with earnestness whatever measures he thinks most conducive to the public good, whatever in his judgment will add most to the prosperity and in- crease in importance the community in which he resides. Mr. J. E. Burke, the junior member of this firm, is a native of South Caro- lina, is a young man of fine natural gifts, excellent attainments, of much varied information, read law with Messrs. Brewster & Spratt, was an ear- nest and diligent student, and applied himself with assiduity to reading, ab- sorbing and making his own a knowl- edge of these great legal principles laid down in the standard elementary works on the various branches of this abstruse science, and that underlay all our civil institutions. He is a ready and skilled practitioner, and takes charge of the office business, prepara- tory pleadings, drawing deeds, mort gages, bonds, and other contracts, and drafting all kinds of legal documents, and attending to all the details of the large and extensive practice of this well and favorably known and much esteemed firm. D. W. GOTJEN, Dealer in Choice Family Grocer- ies, Wines, Liquors, Segars, Tobacco, etc. 180 King Street. Among the substantial stores on King st. none is more worthy atten- tion than that of Mr. D. W. Gotjen, lo- State of South Carolina. 149 cated at the corner of Horlbeck’s alley. The premises, having a frontage on King of 25 and on the alley of 75 feet, are well arranged and adapted for the business. The stock, which is large and well selected, consists of choice family groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, fresh butter and cheese, canned goods and table delicacies, and, in fact, everything which goes to equip a first- class grocery store. In another de- partment Mr. Gotjen, has a complete assortment of the finest foreign and do- mestic wines, from the most famous vineyards, best Irish and Kentucky whiskies and liquors for medicinal and table uses, besides a varied assort- ment of Cuban and American cigars and tobacco, of leading and popular brands. He employs three competent assistants, and to fulfill orders with promptitude keeps a wagon constant- ly employed. Mr. Gotjen established the business in 1865, and since has en- joyed a large patronage, from all parts of the city. He is a native of Hano- ver, and came to the United States in 1855, and as a pushing business man, correct in all his dealings, well mer- its the success he has won. As a mem- ber of the German Artillery, he served valiantly the Southern cause in the late war, both in S. C. and Ga. HENRY IT. BOLGER, Cabinet Maker, Undertaker and Furniture Dealer, Mr. Bolger, is a native of Wexford) Ireland, and emigrated to this city in 1826, and entered as an apprentice the well known house of cabinet makers and undertakers, Joshua Nevill & Son, in Wentworth street, where the military hall now stands, and served his full apprenticeship, un- der these skillfull and successful mas- ters. Mr. Bolger commenced busi- ness on his own account in 1846, in Meeting near Cumberland st. , in 1847 removed to his present business loca- tion, where he also resides, 456 King, third door above John st. As a cabi- net maker, he is thoroughly practical, and his services are always in de- mand. He also makes a specialty of repairing furniture of every kind and style, in the neatest and most substan- tial manner, and guarantees all work. Also conducts undertaking in all its branches, funerals furnished at short notice as per order. In this, as Avell as in all other parts of the business Mr. Bolger attends in person, and in this calling he is a proficient, and enjoys the public confidence in the highest degree. Orders attended with prompt- ness at all hours. Night bell attached to the front of premises. Mr. Bolger is public-spirited and highly esteemed in the community, as one of its popu- lar representative citizens. PUCKHABER BROS., Wholesale and Retail Bakers. There are but few dealers in this city who are not familiar with the variety Bakery of Puckhaber Bros. However, for the benefit of our read- ers residing at a distance, a short sketch of this enterprise will no doubt be found interesting. This business was established in 1854, by Mr. F. Puckhaber, a native of Hanover, Ger- many, who came to this city in 1850, and built a large and remunerative trade throughout this city. The well known reputation achieved by him for his pure and excellent bread, cakes, pies, etc. justly entitle him to be con- sidered the baker of Charleston par excellence. In 1872, owing to the death of Mr. F. Puckhaber, who died from the effects oi disease con- tracted while a soldier in the late civil war, in the Beauregard Light Infan- try, the business has been successfully conducted by his wife until 1881, when the present proprietors, J. H. and W. H. Puckhaber, sons of the lamented F. Puckhaber, assumed the responsible duties of this popular enterprise. Al- though young men, they have prac- tical experience together with superior business qualities, which has made 150 City of Charleston. them the representatives of the best element of our business community. Both are natives of this city. The premises of this concern, is located on the east side of King street, No. 490, and consist of a three-story building, 25-156 feet. The store contains a large and complete stock, of all the varieties of cakes, biscuits, wafers, etc., devoid of adulteration or deleterious ingre- dients. The bread is made of the best material. Ten competent and skilled assistants are kept constantly employed ; also four wagons deliver- ing this indispensable article, which they supply to hotels, grocers and families throughout this city. The aim of this house, has been, not only to gain custom, but to retain it, and that this has been successfully accom- plished, is evident in the increase of their business. We therefore, in call- ing the attention of our readers to this establishment, state the simple facts in asserting that at this house, can be found candies and confectionery, cakes and pies, in endless variety, which, for purity and fine flavor, cannot be ex- celled in this or any other city in the country. Orders are promptly and faithfully filled at short notice and at lowest prices. JOHN IT. GRAMAN, Druggist, Cor. King and Mary Sts. The drug store at the corner of King and Mary sts. has been a land- mark in the city of Charleston for up- wards of sixty years, for the first forty years ot which it was carried on by Dr. C. Hummel, and during the pe- riod since the war by its present owner. The premises, which are conveniently arranged for the business, have a frontage on King Street of 20 and on Mary of 40 feet. Here may be found a full line of drugs and medicines of all descriptions and of the best qual- ity. A prescription trade is also done, the greatest care being exercised by the proprietor, in the compounding of medicines. In the store, an able and skilled clerk assists the proprietor, in the duties of the business. Mr. Gra- man is a native of this city, where he is as well known and respected as any one residing here. His long experi- ence is the best guarantee of his per- fect knowledge of the details of the business, and we are assured that all dealing with him, will find him a straightforward gentleman, with whom to establish business relations. F. J. LILIENTHAL & SON, Hay, Grain, Mill Feed, etc., and Groceries. F. J. Lilienthal & Son, manufactu- rers of grist, meal, and dealers in hay, grain, flour, mill feed, &c., also gro- ceries, liquors, segars and tobacco, Nos. 24 and 26 Beaufain, between St. Phil- ip and Coming streets. The store and mills, cover an area of 120x200 feet. The mills are thoroughly equip- ped with the most modern machinery and appliances, driven by a fifteen horse-power engine. This firm, are the sole manufactures of the cele- brated Carolina mills prepared flour, put up and ready for use in small and large packages, also in sacks and bar- rels. The different grades of this famous flour are known by the color of the label, as follows : red, blue, green, and pioneer brands. This article, is universally used by all the hotels, gro- ceries and private families throughout this city, and pronounced with one ac- cord to be the ne plus ultra. This flour is warranted to be free from alum or other deleterious ingredients. Fresh grist and. meal, ground each day ; also fresh supplies in hay, grain, mill feed, etc., constantly on hand. Telephone, No. 203. This business was established in 1850. It was moved to its present location in 1866 ; in 1876 Mr. Lilienthal formed a copartnership with his son. Thestoreis large and spacious, is handsomety fit- ted up, and admirably adapted for the State of South Carolina. 151 business. The trade is large, calling into requisition the services of ten competent assistants, and utilizing two trucks and two wagons. They carry a large, full, complete, and well assort- ed stock of groceries and provisions, comprising fresh crop teas from China and Japan, fragrant coffees from Mo- cha and Java, pure spices, hermetical- ly sealed goods, provisions, the choicest brands of family flour and creamy butter, and all those various articles generally termed grocers’ supplies, can always be had here, of the best class of goods to be found in the market. The senior partner, is a native of Han- over, Germany ; came to Charleston in the neighborhood of 1850 ; is one of the staunch and reliable merchants of the city, holding a prominent posi- tion in its social and business circles. The junior member of the firm, is a native of Charleston, is a young man of rare business tact and sagacity, is earnest and untiring in his efforts to meet the large demands made upon the recourses of their house, by its many patrons. They are energetic and progressive, and their house merits the large measure of success it enjoys. Dr. W. R. BULL, Dentist. One of the popular professional men of Charleston, is Dr. W. R. Bull, whose dental rooms are located at 481 King street. The Doctor was born in Barn- well County, and at the age of nine and a half years, removed w r ith his family to Charleston. He studied den- tistry with Dr. Rodrigues. To the call of his government for men to support in the field, the cause which had been out-voted in the political arena, he nobly responded in the fall of 1860, serving with his regiment, the “Hamp- ton Legion,” on the plains of Virginia, till 1863. For tw r o years after his re- turn to the more peaceful paths of life, he remained with Dr. W. S. Browm. In 1866 he opened his owm rooms. In Charleston he is knowm as a reliable dentist, and numbers among his patrons many of the best families. He has every dental facility and ap- pliance, w T hich, in connection with his recognized skill, has gained for him an enviable reputation. In every branch of his business, in filling teeth, in all mechanical and surgical oper- ations, he is experienced and profi- cient. He is respected in the commu- nity as a sociable gentleman. DR, W. CUTTINO WILBUR, Dentist, Cor. Meeting and Society Sts. One of the rising professional men of Charleston, is W. Cuttino Wilbur, M. D., D. D. L. He was born in this city and received his earlier education at the school of that excellent teacher, Mr. Sachtleben. Leaving there, he took a full scientific course at Furman’s University in Greenville and also stu- died two years at the S. C. Med. Col . from which he graduated as M. D. in 1882, third in his class. In ’81 he obtained the high honor of 2d place on the graduation list, at the Baltimore Den- tal College in a class of fifty-eight. Since then he has been practicing dentistry, and also studying medicine as an auxiliary, which gives him that “ grip ” in his line of business so many lack. He is already known through- out the city, as a careful and reliable dentist, and numbers among his pa- trons many of the best families in Charleston. In his elegantly furnished and comfortable rooms on Meeting st., he is provided with every facility and appliance for the painless extrac- tion of teeth. He is equally proficient in the mechanical or operative branches of his business, and is pre- pared to treat any form of disease of the teeth and gums. The Doctor is valued in the community for his qual- ities as a professional man and a gen- tleman. He at present ’ably fills the position of Secretary to the Charleston Dent: Soc. and is a member of the State Dent. Assoc, 152 City of Charleston. E. ROSENTHAL, Agt, .J EWELLER. Among the skilled practical watch- makers and jewellers in Charleston, Mr. E. Rosenthal is worthy of men- tion. lie has given many years’ at- tention to this special business, having been established in this city since 1866. His store, 25x80 feet, located at 115 Meeting street, is nicely fitted up and adapted to the business. It con- tains a well-selected assortment, (the stock being valued at $2,000,) of watches, clocks, jewelry, and silver- ware. He has gained the reputation of being a reliable dealer and trust- worthy mechanic, having special pro- ficiency as an expert in repairing American and foreign watches, the workmanship being guaranteed, he never allows a watch to leave his establishment unless it is in perfect order. He also repairs French and American clocks and jewelry, and gives his prompt attention to all work left with him. He employs a compe- tent assistant. He is a native of Os- nabruck, Hanover, and came to the United States in 1858, and during his residence in Charleston has enjoyed the esteem of its people as a first-class artist and citizen. PHILIP R. SHAW, Dealer in Foreign and Domestic Dry Goods, 302 King St. An extensive business is carried on by Mr. Philip R. Shaw, dealer in foreign and domestic dry goods, and during the five years he has been en- gaged in business in Charleston, has established a substantial custom. He occupies a handsome store on King street, which is of ample dimensions, being 22x75 feet, and is fitted up in the most admirable manner for busi- ness purposes, and contains one of the best assorted stocks of dry goods, fancy goods, hosiery and underwear to be found in this section, embracing fab- rics of every kind in dress silks, wool- en mixed goods, etc. Also, fancy goods, ribbons, laces, embroideries, trimmings, gloves, notions, etc. A stock representing $5,000 or $6,000 is carried, and three courteous and obliging clerks are engaged. Mr. Shaw has made it a strict rule since he entered business to sell goods of the very best quality, at a small advance on the original cost. He was born and bred in Charleston, and is a gentleman well known to the community, and is esteemed by all who know him. I. BILLER’S New York Steam Dye House. The New York Steam Dye House, which has been for several years the leading dying establishment in the State, was founded in 1870 by Mr. I. Biller, its enterprising proprietor. The office and works are centrally located, at 359 King, near George street, the latter being provided with the latest improved methods and processes, for dying and cleaning Ladies’ and Gents’ garments ; silk and woollen dresses, cloaks, overcoats, pants, etc. Mr. Bil- ler also undertakes re-dying of piece goods to any color, and dyes and cleans lace, woollen, crape and zephyr shawls, feathers, gloves, etc. A com- petent force of experienced workmen is employed, and everything submitted to the house is well and nicely done, giving entire satisfaction to customers. Mr. Biller, the sole owner of this busi- ness, is a native of Vienna, and came to the United. Statesjin 1865. In busi- ness he has gained a large patronage from the best families, and others of the iState, for the excellence of his workmanship, and the promptness with which all orders are filled. GEO. BUL WINKLE, Choice Groceries. In our examination of the various groceries of Charleston, we find a large number of enterprising houses, State of South Carolina. 153 that have built up a reputation for fair dealing and reliable goods, and there are none of them of whom these remarks are more true than of the store of George Bui win- kle. This business was first estab- lished in 1868, at the cor. of Doughty and Rutledge streets. In 1881 he moved to his present location, which consists of a store two and a half sto- ries high, on a brick basement 20x70 feet in dimensions. Here a choice and complete assortment of staple, fan- cy and imported groceries, teas, cof- fees, spices, cheese, butter, lard, etc., is carried, and a trade centres here, that extends throughout the entire city, re- quiring a horse and wagon for the de- livery of goods, which is done free of charge to his many customers. The store is handsomely fitted up, the pro- prietor, gives his personal attention to the filling of orders and to the custom- ers ; consequently, all goods sold by him are first-class, and guaranteed as such. In connection with the store, is a neat and attractive sample room, re- plete with choice liquors, wines of for- eign and domestic brands. Also, the best cigars and tobacco can at all times be found, at reasonable prices. Mr. Bulwinkle is a native of Hanover, Germany, and has been a resident for twenty years of this city. He is well known as a courteous gentleman in his business, and has the respect and confidence of the community ; and all dealing with, him will find him polite, prompt and honorable. He is a mem- ber of the German Artillery. WILLIAM L. KING, Auctioneer and Real Estate Broker. Mr. William L. King is one of the representative men in the auctioneer and real estate brokerage business, and is pleasantly located at 65 Broad street. He is specially engaged in the sale and purchase of real estate, ex- changing property, and buys and sells mortgages, foreign drafts, etc. He is a 11 practical man of many years experi- ence, and controls a large patronage, derived from all sections of the coun- ty. He was engaged for many years on the “ Charleston Courier,” a most popular newspaper, of which his fath- er was editor and proprietor for twen- ty-five years. In the war he was de- tailed for special duty and relin- quished his service on the “ Courier ” in ’72, although he still contributes to journals. He also published a vol- ume in ’72 on the history of the news- paper press of Charleston, for 140 years back, and a revised edition in 1882. Mr. King was born and bred in Charleston, and is, therefore, well known to the community, and is high- ly regarded for the manner in which he conducts business. He is a gentle- man of scholarly abilities, and literary attainments, and occupies a lead- ing position in his particular line of business. C. L. SCHMANCKE, Dealer in Hay, Grain, Grist and Meal, 588 King Street. Among the rising firms in the upper part of the citj r of Charleston, that of Mr. C. L. Schmancke deserves especial mention. He opened business here in January last, and, by his energy and industry, has already placed himself in the confidence of a large portion of the community. His stock, which never averages less than §1500, consists of all kinds of grain, and feed stuffs, in- cluding wheat, corn, rye, oats, grist, meal, etc., all alike reliable for their first-class quality. He is assisted in the business by two competent employees, and keeps two valuable horses, and a wagon and cart. This store, 22x45 feet, is conveniently arranged for the business. His trade is rapidly extend- ing. Mr. Schmancke is a man of push and great business capacity, and well merits the success, which has crowned his enterprise. He is a native of Prus- 154 City of Charleston. sia, and came to this country eight years ago, and to South Carolina three years later, since when he has gained the respect of its people. E. COFFIN, Auctioneer, Broker and Real Estate Agent. Among the various firms carrying on real estate, auctioneering and bro- kerage business in the city, we take pleasure in mentioning the name of Mr. E. Coffin, who, for now nine and a half years, has given his undivided attention to the purchase and sale of real estate, mortgages, landed securi- ties, at public and private sale, and to auction sales at residences, s+ores, etc. Also to renting of houses and collect- ing rent. In his office, located at 20 Broad street, he employs two experi- enced clerks. This gentleman is one of the reliable business men in this line, and enjoys an enviable reputation throughout the State, as well as in :some of the cities of the North, where he has an increasing patronage. He is a native of Charleston, where he has made a staunch name, and by fol- lowing a judicious policy in his deal- ings, has gained financial success and won the well merited confidence of the community. PH. SCHUCKMANN, Fancy Goods, etc. One of the thorough-going business men of Charleston, is Mr. Ph. Schuck- mann, dealer in Fancy Goods, etc., whose store is an attractive resort to the citizens in general. This is an old-established business, having been founded in 1840, by Mr. L. Schuck- mann, father of the present proprietor, the latter succeeding him in 1850. The store is pleasantly located at 271 King street, and is handsomely ar- ranged for business purposes, 18x130 feet, in extent. The stock is large, representing $10,000 in value. The business is divided into several depart- ments, each branch being under the immediate supervision of Mr. Schuck- mann. The stock embraces every de- scription of Fancy Goods, Ladies’ dress trimmings, both imported and domes- tic, in all the new materials and most desirable styles. Upholstery goods, shades, cords and tassels, also a fine display of military goods, consisting of banners and flags, embroidered in silk chenille, gold or silver, regalia trimmings, velvets, fringes, laces, etc. ; also a fine assortment of worsted knit- ted goods, such as sacques, shawls, nu- bias, cuffs, sleeveless jackets, Afghans, shoes, leggins, etc. Stamping, pinking, and lessons in embroidery, a specialty. Mr. Schuck- mann was born in Darmstadt, and came to the United States in 1850, and en- tered into business, and has by his energy built up, and gained a substan- tial trade. WERNER IRON WORKS, 7 Horlbeck Alley, T. W. Sires, Proprietor. The enterprise conducted under the above title was established thirty years ago by Mr. C. Werner, who was after- wards succeeded by his son J. A. H. Werner and son-in-law, T. W. Sires. In April ’82 Mr. J. A. PI. Werner died, leaving Mr. Sires, as the sole owner of the establishment. The premises utilized by Mr. Sires, consist of a frame building 36 feet by 140, which will soon be extended, to meet the necessities of an increasing trade. The products of the house con- sist of ornamental cast and wrought iron, such as fences, railings, balconies, urns, stable- fittings, fountains, settees, aquariums, verandas, and, in fact, any- thing which may be constructed of the metal for garden, household or stable furniture. Of the specialties, we may mention Werner’s Patent Awning Frame, the lightness and strength of which places it above sim- ilar devices. The firm likewise re- pairs and properly adjusts scales. State of South Carolina. 155 Mr. Sires, being himself a skilled mechanic, furnishes appropriate de- signs for ornamental work, including signs of every description. At the works the repairing of machinery in all its branches is efficiently executed, and promptly attended to. Mr. Sires is a native of Charleston, and is known to our citizens for his practical knowledge of the business, and his character as a social member of the community. GEORGE LUNZ, Manufacturer of and Dealer in Cigars, Smoking Tobacco, and Smokers’ Articles. The popular cigar store of Mr. Geo. Lunz, has been established four years, and during that period has met with that success that is sure to follow push and vim and honorable dealing. He is pleasantly located at 25 Broad street, and occupies a neat store, 16x20 feet in extent, and carries a stock va- lue of $3,000, which includes one of the finest and choicest assortments of cigars to be found in the cit} r , embrac- ing fine brands of domestic cigars, as well as those imported, and also chew- ing and smoking tobacco, the produc- tion of the most noted manufacturers of the country, together with smokers’ fancy articles, and Florida curiosities. Mr. Lunz is of foreign birth, being a Bavarian ; he came to the United States in 1868, and to Charleston five years since, entered into business, and has secured a rapidly augmenting custom, and his establishment is a fa- vorite resort, for those in pursuit of a good fragrant cigar. S. BROWN, Dealer in Clothing, Dry Goods, &c. Mr. S. Brown, occupies a leading position in the mercantile community in Charleston. He has an ample store, wide double front, 30x156 feet in di- mensions, conveniently arranged, and well adapted, for the business. Upon his counters, will be found, a varied assortment, of all kinds of men’s, boys,’ and youths’ clothing, made up, in the best manner, from the most desirable material, in all the leading styles. In one department, he carries a desirable line, of furnishing goods, for gentle- men, embracing fine dress shirts, un- derwear, collars, cuffs, notions of all kinds, while a specialty is made of nobby neckwear. Mr. Brown, carries, at all times, a full assortment, of Amer- ican, and foreign watches, rich, and artistic jewelry of all kinds, embrac- ing, rings, pins, studs, ear pendants, bracelets, lockets, &c., in gold, enam- eled, or set Avith A r arious precious stones. In another department, he carries a large, and well assorted stock of dry goods, including everything, in foreign, and domestic dry goods. The stock, in this establishment, has been carefully selected, and is attractively arranged, and will bear the most crit- ical examination, as Mr. Brown’s ex- perience, in this line of business, en- ables him, to secure the best goods, upon the most advantageous terms, and sell them, at the \ T ery lowest cash prices. This business, was established, by its present proprietor, in 1855, he mo\ r ed to the present location eleAmn years since. The trade is large, com- ing from all parts of the State, is both wholesale, and retail, calling into re- quisition, the services, of four efficient assistants. Mr. BroAvn, was born in Prussia, came to the United States in 1854, and located in Charleston ; is an active, progressive business man, and is respected, and esteemed, in the social and mercantile community. H. LEIDLOFF, Artistic Photographer. The establishment of Mr. H. Leid- loff is located at 278 King street. He has had many years’ experience in the business, having come to the United States in 1872, and located himself first in Boston, and then in New York city, aftenvard in Balti- 156 City of Charleston. more, and during the last three years he has occupied his present location, where he has acquired distinction as being one of the leading, most accu- rate, and accomplished artists in the country. The studio is fitted up in an elegant manner, and is provided with every facility and specialty for the production of perfect, life-like like- nesses. The operating rooms are sup- plied with every accessory in the way of scenery, back -grounds, etc., so that the artist is enabled to produce a pic- ture in almost any style desired by the subject. Mr. Leidloff is a native of Berlin, and conducts a large busi- ness, extending through South Caro- lina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama, and has gained a high reputation for the manner all work intrusted to him is performed. He is ably assisted by his wife, Mrs. Leidloff, who attends to the reception room and financial part of the business. This excellent lady is a native of Charleston, and has made many friends in the community. R. GRAHAM & CO., Dealers in Horses and Mules. Among the prominent firms in this line of business, we take pleasure in mentioning that of R. Graham & Co., whose stables are centrally located at 30 Chalmers street. The premises, 50 feet wide, and extending from street to street, are spacious, well kept, and thoroughly ventilated. The large sta- ble has some 65 stalls, besides which there is accommodation in comfort- able box stalls for the finest breed of horses, of which Mr. Graham has al- ways a first-class stock. On an aver- age he will have 100 head, -including a good assortment of mules. The horses are of all kinds, best blooded thoroughbreds for ladies and gents’ riding, fast trotters, wagon, dray horses, etc. There are employed six competent assistants. The business was established in I860, by Mr. Gra- ham, when these handsome stables were erected for its requirements, and has, under his able management, in- creased, till it now enjoys a patronage second to none in the State. C. IT. BEHRE, Watchmaker and Jeweler, 527 King Street. The jewelry store of Mr. C. H. Behre has been known to the residents of this vicinity for now thirty years, dur- ing which time the proprietor has car- ried on business within fifty yards of his present location. The premises at 428 King street have a frontage of twenty and depth of forty feet. The stock of jewelry, watches, clocks, etc., is well selected. In repairing jewelry and watches Mr. Behre is most skilful, hav- ing had forty-eight years’ experience. This gentleman is a native of Han- over, and came to Charleston in 1850, and ever since has been known as a skilful workman and business man. F. YON SANTEN, Fancy Bazaar. One of the largest, most attractive mercantile establishments in Charles- ton, is the confectionery and fancy goods house of Mr. Von Santen. The length of time which this well known house, has been before the public makes a description of the premises and its business a work of supereroga- tion, but a complete picture of the commercial importance of Charleston requires us, to make special mention of such an establishment as that of Mr. Von Santen’s. This business was established in 1850 by Messrs. Von Santen and Bain, and was continued under such name and style for six years, when the senior partner, hav- ing purchased the interest of the junior member, became the sole pro- prietor, having moved the business to its present location three years since. This house is the largest and most important in its line, of any outside of New York, and has few rivals even there. It is the only concern in this State of South Carolina. 157 city, importing a full line of French confectionery in all its varieties, making on the premises plain and fancy (so termed, home-made) stick candies, and wholesaling and retailing extensively toys and holiday goods. All the latest novelties imported into this city, which are suitable for wed- ding, birthday and holiday presents can be found here. The premises utilized for this business, is a three- story brick building 25x110 feet in di- mensions, has an attractive exterior, two immense plate glass windows in which is displayed some of the most showy of its goods. The great con- sumption of all kinds of confectionery, has made its manufacture a very im- portant industry in this country, and Mr. Yon Santen stands among the leading representatives of the trade in South Carolina, The high reputation borne by this house, is based upon its strict adherence to the belief that pure goods would make their own market, and sell themselves on their merits. It has therefore been the policy of this house to offer their goods without misrepresentation, believing that as customers recognized the fact, they could hold the trade to the use of pure candies. That such has been the fact, is evidenced by the trade of this house, which extends throughout the South. It manufactures a larger amount of ice cream, than any other in South Carolina. Its average pro- duction during the summer months, is five hundred quarts daily, and of a quality that cannot be surpassed. The apartment for the manufacture of the ice cream is in the rear of the store, has twenty Mills’ patent freezers, with capacity of forty quarts in twenty min- utes each ; also, large storage ca- pacity, the vessels being lined with porcelain instead of tin, thus avoid- ing all danger from “ metallic fla- vor.” He has also a small cake bakery to supply a choice fancy cake, to be eaten with the cream. The salesroom, is entitled to be called a mercantile palace; it is most elabo- rately finished, no expense being- spared in its fittings. It has through the center and on either side most elegantly mounted French plate glass show cases, filled with as large, full and complete an assortment of all kinds of toys and fancy goods, from the most expensive German, French, English and Chinese to the plainer and simple articles in these lines, manufactured in our own country. Here can be had wax dolls in endless variety ,F rench dolls and dolls’ outfits, dolls’ bodies, drums, trumpets, guns, swords, soldier caps, rubber toys, tin, pewter and iron to} r s, children’s car- riages and velocipedes, wagons, carts, card cases, also fancy work baskets, China ornaments and figures, China tea sets, mugs, China and glass vases, stereoscopes and views, perfumery, soaps, brushes, photograph, auto- graph and scrap albums, rubber goods such as clothing, nurse sheeting; in fact, nothing hardly can be thought of, in the way of fancy goods or toys, devised to please and amuse and enter- tain, that cannot be procured at this store. The stock carried by this gen- tleman in the several departments, has a representative value of twenty thou- sand dollars. He represents the re- nowned house of H. Mail lard of the 158 City of Charleston. city of New York, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. The trade done by this establishment is immense, extends throughout most of the Southern States, will aggregate several hundreds of thousands of dol- lars annually, and calls into requisi- tion the services, of twenty competent and courteous assistants, in the several departments, to meet its requirements. Mr. Fred Von Santen, is a native of Ha nover, came to this country in 1847, clerked it for three years, and then established himself in this busi- ness. He is a social, pleasant, genial man, agreeable to meet. He is an ac- tive and progressive business man, and from his liberal and honorable business methods, has attracted to his establishment, a trade that cannot be surpassed by any other house in the South, engaged in that line of busi- ness. J. IT. LIVINGSTON, United States Marshal for South Carolina. The most important public office, in connection with the administration of the judicial department of the United States Government, is that of a United States Marshal. Recent political his- tory, shows that emergencies do arise, wherein the qualities and capacities of the incumbent of this position, should be equal almost to those possessed by the Judges of those Courts, whose writs and precepts it is a part of the duty of their office to execute. In the administration of justice, in the conduct of our Municipal, State, and National Governments, questions frequently arise, that call for the nicest discrimination, making it necessary that this officer, for the wise and judi- cious discharge of his duties should be somewhat versed, in the art of govern- ment, should be possessed of some con- siderable political ability. Mr. J. H. Livingston, the United States Marshal for South Carolina, has had extensive and varied political ex- perience, and is possessed of those qualities, that eminently fit him for this position. He was borh in Orange- burg County, South Carolina, was edu- cated at Greenville. The war between the States breaking out, with patriotic ardor he entered the service as private of Company D, 20th South Carolina Infantry, and was during his service, in his native State, and Virginia. After the war, he went into the planting and naval store business, in which he is still engaged. He is one of South Carolina's most public-spirited citizens, taking an active interest in all mat- ters, he believes will be conducive of the public good, has from the attain- ment of his majority, taken a con- spicuous part in politics, has always been found at the post of duty, when public interests required his services, serves as delegate to the State Conven- tions, from his district, served one term from 1874 to 1876 as County Treasurer, of the County of Orange- burg, as Sheriff of that County, 1876 to 1880, and was on 10th of July, 1883, appointed to the present position by the President, and entered upon the discharge of its duties July 27th, 1883. Personally he is very popular, and de- servedly bears the highest of reputa- tions, as an honorable and upright citizen, and a talented and painstaking public official. State of South Carolina. 159 Col. SAMUEL WICLIFF MELTON, U. S. Attorney S. C. To write the biography of one whose life has been uniformly commendable, is a work agreeable enough to con- ceive of, hut difficult of judicious exe- cution. Samuel Wicliff Melton, de- scended from an old Scotch-Irish Presbyterian family ; was born in Yorkville, S. C., 7tli February, 1830. He received at the South Carolina College the education, which through life has distinguished him, graduating from it with distinction in December, 1852. He immediately chose the pro- fession of the journalist, and during 1853 and 1854 edited the Chester Standard. Returning to his native town, he started the Yorkville Enquirer, a paper which is still the most potent weekly in the State. In 1859 he re- signed his position as editor. In 1856 he commenced the study of that ab- struse science, in the prosecution of which he was afterwards to occupy such a prominent place, (in the office of George W. Williams, Esq., at York- ville,) and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He continued practice till the ominous thunder of Forts Sumter and Moultrie roused the nation from its repose, and in April, 1861, took up arms in his country’s cause, as aide of Brigadier General M. L. Bonham. In the fall of the same year he was ap- pointed Assistant Adjutant General, with the rank of Major, and assigned to the staff of Major General G. W. Smith, commanding Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, re- maining with it till September, 1862, when Smith took command of the Army of Southern Virginia and North Carolina, with headquarters at Rich- mond. In February, 1863, upon the resignation of General Smith, he was assigned to duty, with rank of Lieu- tenant Colonel, in the Adjutant Gene- ral’s Department, assuming arduous duties in the War Department at Richmond. Here he gained the ex- haustive knowledge of Confederate affairs, which few men living possess, and when the Cabinet determined to leave Richmond, was conducting the business of the Assistant Secretary of War. In company with Secretary Breckinridge, on the 3d of April, 1865, he left the capitol and joined President, Davis’ party at Greensboro, N. C., continuing with it till they ar- rived at Cokesbury, S. C., where Gene- ral Gary and himself remained, the party proceeding. To Colonel Melton’s history as a soldier there is little occa- sion to refer. His record is traced, in almost every memorable engagement along the lines of the James and Po- tomac, from the brilliant triumph of first Manassas, the siege at Yorktown, at Williamsburg, Seven Pines, the seven days’ battle around Richmond, the campaign in February, 1863, in North Carolina, to Drury’s Bluff in May, 1864. Marked as was his mili- tary career, Col. Melton has won as distinguished and lasting honors in his profession. After peace was de- clared he moved to Columbia, where he has since resided. He practiced law as a member of the firm of Arthur, Melton & Melton, afterwards Carroll, Melton & Melton. In February, 1870, he was elected Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, including Co- lumbia, for the unexpired term of Judge Boozer, and in December, 1871, was re-elected for four years. In De- cember, 1872, he was elected Attorney General of the State, ably executing the requirements of this responsible office till May, 1876, when he resigned. During this term, he was earnestly engaged in protecting the State against the corruption and debauchery of that period. The records will show, that when Judge Melton assumed the du- ties of this office the debt of the State was about twenty-one millions of dol- lars, made up in large measure of fraudulent obligations issued during the administration of Governor Scott, and that when he left the office of Attorney General, the debt had been 160 City of Charleston. established at less than seven millions of dollars, less than the valid debt ex- isting when reconstruction began in 1868, and this achievement was due, in great measure, to the untiring efforts of this officer, against the protest of the great majority of his party. At the same time he practiced law as a member of the firm of Melton, Cham- berlain & Wingate, continued as Mel- ton & Wingate to January, 1879, and then with W. A. Clark, under the name of Melton & Clark. He was appointed United States Attorney for District of South Carolina in May, 1881, still discharging the weighty ob- ligations of this position to the entire satisfaction of the Federal government, and all who regard as of first import- ance, the vigorous and honest enforce- ment of the law. He is now in part- nership with Mr. Wingate, following the pursuits of his profession through- out the State, and is one of the leading members of the South Carolina Bar. Giving close attention and study to all branches of law, although defend- ing and fighting for the fundamental constitutional right of a Republic, the “purity of the ballot box,” he has never been classed among those poli- ticians, so odious to a free people, the office seekers, having held only those positions reserved for the ieading members of his profession. Inspired with a zeal and a sense of right in his convictions, holding tenaciously to a purpose, he has gained and is gaining ground, and his untiring efforts will yet be rewarded with that success, which must finally attend those who work for an honest ballot. Original Design T. B. JOHNSTON, Collector of Customs. The above gentleman, who has re- sided in Sumter County since the war, and was two years postmaster at Sum- ter, in January, 1882, was appointed Collector of Customs of the port of of Custom House. Charleston, since which time he has ably filled this most responsible posi- tion, discharging its onerous duties with a disregard of self. He is highly esteemed by the community, as a care- ful and successful merchant, a faithful public servant, and gives undoubted State of South Carolina. 161 satisfaction to the Federal Govern- ment, as a reliable and honorable re- presentative, in the important depart- ment of which he is chief. JOHN H. OSTENDORFF, Deputy Collector of Customs. Mr. OstendorfF, the efficient Deputy Collector of Customs of Charleston, is a gentleman who has led a most active and interesting career, varied between mercantile and political avocations. Born and reared in Charleston, he commenced his life pursuits as a flour merchant. After the war, he became a member of the firm of Stenhouse & Co., engaged in the flour, grain, and feed business, having a house in Charleston and Savannah. They did a large and lucrative business, up to the time of the retirement of the sub- ject of this sketch, from his mercan- tile avocations, and his entrance upon his more active political career. In the Greeley movement, in 1872, he was active and energetic, and inde- fatigable, in his labors on behalf of the Republican nominees. He w r as then appointed Deputy Sheriff of Charles- ton County, and served for a term of four years. In 1876 was elected Clerk of Charleston County Court ; served for four years, and again ran for this position ; was re-elected, but was count- ed out. In recognition of his zeal and fidelity to the public good, in all the political trusts, that had been con- fided to him, and of his eminent fit- ness for the position, he was, in June, 1881, appointed assistant postmaster for Charleston, the duties of which responsible position, he filled with marked ability, and to the entire satis- faction of the citizens of this place, and to the benefit of the Federal Gov- ernment, till June, 1882, w T hen, retiring from this to assume the more arduous and responsible labors of a higher trust, he assumed the duties of the Deputy Collector of the port of Charles- ton, and which, as all his other po- litical positions, he is discharging cre- ditably to himself and most acceptably to the people. He is an enterprising and most progressive man, commands the respect, esteem and confidence of his fellow-citizens ; is a leading and representative man in his party ; is Chairman of the Republican Com- mittee for Berkeley County ; is a prom- inent and influential member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellow's and of the Knights of Pithias. Per- sonally, Mr. OstendorfF is very popu- lar, and deservedly bears the highest of reputations as an honorable public official and upright member of the community. W. M. FINE, Boarding Officer and Chief In- spector of Vessels. One of the most important offices, in connection with the governmental department in a sea port, is that of boarding officer and inspector of ves- sels. The position requires a man of strict probity and innate honesty, cor- rect in his methods, with great power of observation, and untiring in his efforts to effect thoroughness of inspec- tion. Such an one is Mr. W. M. Fine, who has efficiently attended to the arduous duties of this position since 1st June, 1882. Mr. Fine, was born in Clinton, N. J., 1844, received his edu- cation at the schools of his native State and in Philadelphia. He studied dentistry with his father many years, and came South to Columbia in 1869. From 1874 to 1876 he ably represented on the board of aldermen the 2d ward, Columbia, under Mayor Agnew, per- forming his obligations in these troub- lous times, to the satisfaction of the com- munity. In 1880 and 1881 he was connected with the Internal Revenue Service, hunting out these law-breakers, the most difficult of all to detect, illicit distillers, more impressively known as “ moonshiners.” On the 1st of June, 1882, because of his having shown an entire fitness, he was appointed by the collector of the port, to his present re- 162 City of Charleston. sponsible post, and has since faithfully served the Federal Government. Act- ive in body and equally quick in his power of observation, grasping all the features of a situation, which other men would take a considerable time to ferret out, added to his knowledge of the outs and ins of a vessel, no one could be a happier choice, than Mr. W. M. Fine. In politics he has always taken an active part, and among the many places he has held, was delegate from South Carolina to the Convention which nominated Garfield. J. E. IIAGOOD, Clerk of United States District Court, District of S. C. Mr. Idagood is a native of Pickens County, S. C., graduated at the High School in this place, of which that eminent scholar, Mr. Kennedy, was principal. After finishing his collegi- ate studies, he went to the place called Twelve-Mile, and engaged in mercan- tile business, until elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Pick- ens County, and continued in the sat- isfactory discharge of the duties of this position, up to the time of the breaking out of and during the late war. After the war he commenced and assidulously pursued the study of the law until 1869, when he was admitted to the bar, at a general term of the Supreme Court held in his County. Pursued the practice of his profession in his native place until 1873, when he was appointed to his present posi- tion. Mr. Idagood, though a staunch Republican, has ever been indepen- dent of the trammels of Boss rule, and while as a patriotic citizen, he takes an earnest and anxious interest in the su- premacy of that party whose, policy he believes to be most conducive to the public good, and whose ad- ministration he thinks will, inure most to the country’s prosperity, he has never yet desired to be a candi- date for anj' elective office. An able and successful lawyer, he has conduct- ed cases of great magnitude, to a suc- cessful issue, and has a well earned reputation, both as a practitioner, a careful and efficient public officer, dis- charging its multifarious duties, with great professional sagacity, and to the entire satisfaction of the appointing power, the bar, and the public gene- rally. He is a prominent Mason, and formerly took a very active interest in the affairs of this fraternity, is a mem- ber of the Pendleton Lodge, No. 34, A. F. M., has taken a high degree, and since twenty-one years of age ex-Master of Keowee, No. 79, Royal Arch and Council Mason. Mr. J. E. Idagood, Jr., Deputy Clerk of the above Court, is also a native of Pickens County, was educated at Charleston, and entered upon his life pursuits in 1877, in the above position. He is progressive, painstaking and faithful in the discharge of his official duties. He is a genial } 7 oung man, takes an active interest in military matters, is a member of the famous time-honored organization, the Wash- ington Light Infantry, which dates its birth back to 1807. C. KERRI SON, Jr., Register Mesne Conveyance, Charleston County. One of the most indefatigable, faith- ful and efficient public officers of Charleston, is Major Charles Kerri son, Jr. By far the most important of all the departments of the County govern- ment is that of Register. This officer, has supervision and control of all the books, containing the transcripts of the original grants, or patents, as they are sometimes called, and all the mesne conveyances, down to the deed under which the present owner holds and re- tains his landed possessions in this County. Every occupant or claimant of realty, if his alleged title should be Avell founded, should be able to de- duce from the books of record in the Register’s office, his right to the same. These patents or grants, embracing, as State of South Carolina. 163 they did, large tracts, consisting of thousands of acres, were described in such pb raseology, and were determined by such modes of measurement, as is used in the description of farm lands, and which, after having been incorporated into a city, divided by its streets, lanes and avenues, into blocks and squares ; and these again into building lots, new starting points had to be made, and new and simpler methods of measurement were adopt- ed. Lands are sold by the foot, instead of the a'cre. All the mesne or inter- mediate conveyances, from the date of the city’s charter, have to be recorded in this office. There is in all the work a supreme necessity, of the utmost pre- cision and exactness, of the most un- erring certainty in transcribing into the books here kept for that purpose, the very words and figures, to the noting every interlineation and era- sure, every note and memorandum of any mistake, and its correction by the scribe or attorney of the instrument offered for record. There is also a thorough knowledge of what consti- tutes a legal execution of all papers subject to record, requisite. The amount of property sold and trans- ferred by these instruments, represent generally a much greater money value, than most mercantile transactions ; the property concerned is not suscepti- ble of delivery. Frequently, transfers are made, where there is no visible change of possession ; the same occu- pancy of the property sometimes con- tinuing years after change of owner- ship ; frequently all the witnesses to change of ownership being dead, or their whereabouts being unknown. To provide against such contingencies, a place where these sales of realty may be recorded, and to which interested parties may have recourse to protect themselves, against the consequence of loss or destruction by fire, or other casualty or accident, of the original instrument, in all the Counties of the State, Registers’ officers are instituted. Here every record of the sale or trans- fer in any way of real property and chattels (when mortgaged) is carefully preserved verbatim, and forms the only legal title and guarantee to the owner- ship of real estate in existence. It is thus eminently necessary to have at the head of this office a gentleman of practical skill and talent, of large ex- perience and unsullied reputation; and in these respects Col. Kerrison is eminently well qualified for this posi- tion. “From various causes, extend- ing over a period of very many years, the records and indexes in the office of the Register of Mesne Conveyance, for Charleston County, had fallen into so much confusion as to be very unreli- able, making the examinations into titles not only very laborious, but doubtful, from the wrongful recording and from the want of proper index- ing.” Major Kerrison inaugurated proceedings, whereby a revision of the records and indexes from 1800 to 1881 was ordered by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina. “ This has been efficiently done, and the result is an accuracy as great as can be attained, in such lex- icographical indexes, so what pre- viously required days of searching, is now accomplished in a few hours. By this the labor of searching titles, and making abstracts has been greatly les- sened, and the security to the com- munity largely increased.” Some idea of the magnitude of the labor will be obtained, when it is stated that over one million of lines were written in the arranging the indexes.” “To the bar and the community at large, the facilities afforded by the re-arrange- ment, as well as the confidence which may now be placed in the fidelity and accuracy of the indexes and records, are of inestimable value.” This is the most important reformation ever made in this department, calling into requi- sition the assistance of seventy-five clerks. “ To show the nature of this revision, the writer will state but a single instance. Many years ago, a lessor of the name of Cromwell, exe- 164 City of Charleston. cutecl a conveyance, the then record- ing officer, in copying the conveyance, wrote the lessor’s name as Cornwall, and as a matter of course it was in- dexed under the name of Cornwall. In examining the indexes, as now pre- pared, it became necessary to examine for this conveyance, and necessarily no conveyance by the name of Cromwell could be found. The original deed, with its endorsed certificates of record, was produced, and then the error of many years ago was first ascertained. The clerks now making the final re- vision are engaged in the endeavor to correct just such kinds of errors — errors which no examination of the records will show, for the record itself is error, but which outside papers can only discover.” The above extracts are taken from the report of a com- mission of three members of the bar of Charleston, to the honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of South Carolina, ap- pointed to supervise the expenditures made in the necessary improvements in the indexes to the records, and to the records in the office of Mesne Con- veyance of Charleston County. Major Charles Iverrison, Jr., was born in Charleston, was educated at Wilson Bros’, school; at the age of eighteen, entered into the hardware business, in the house of John Graveley & Co. In 1861, entered Palmetto Guard, Second South Corolina Regi- ment; was wounded at Gettysburg three times, at Savage Station once, at Sharpsburg; at Gettysburg was pro- moted from private to a position on the staff ; at Averysburgh promoted to captain on staff of Gen. J. D. Kenne- dy, of Camden; was in prison in Fort Delaware, and in McHenry and Ches- ter hospitals. After the war was in the hardware business in Charleston ; then travelled for H. & J. W. King, of New York, over Texas and the South. Af- ter that engaged in the insurance busi- ness. In 1878 was appointed by the Legislature to fill this office ; the ori- ginal grants, in many instances, being in this office ; some of them bearing- date as far back as 1719 ; also many deeds of Lords Proprietors, and the early history of all land agents in this section of country. As Registrar, he is an efficient and trustworthy official, and notwithstanding the arduous na- ture of the service, the work of the office is promptly and accurately done, and the public have reason to be proud of the superior efficiency displayed by Major Kerrison, and his clerical staff. Major Kerrison has had the honor of representing Charleston County in almost every Democratic Convention previous to reconstruction from radi- cal rule, and was a delegate from Charleston County to the Convention which nominated Gen. Hampton for Governor, and was influential in car- rying out straight out Democratic pol- icy, which culminated in the restora- tion of the State from ignorant and carpet-bag rule. HUGH FERGUSON, Sheriff of Charleston County. The office of Sheriff, is one of the most responsible of the county offices; its duties are arduous, and most unre- mitting and trying, the proper and efficient discharge of which, calls for a man of sound judgment, a knowledge of men and affairs, requires that he should be possessed of courage or prowess, that he be vigilant, and that his integrity be of that high standard, that no prospective emolument, or promised reward, or hope of personal aggrandizement, shall swerve or tempt from the path of duty. It is a posi- tion the incumbent of which, no mat- ter what his deportment, or his record, there will frequently be those who in the extremity of their trouble, and that desire inherent in our nature to enjoy freedom, or to escape the ex- treme penalty of the law ; and again, there are those who, under severe stress, and to induce a less rigorous ex- ecution of civil process, than is con- sistent with the duties of his office, State of South Carolina. 165 and the rights of other parties, will seek by improper methods to influence his action. That the present incum- bent, comes up to the full measure of requirements of this position, is evi- dent, from the fact that he was tried, and found sufficient, before his elec- tion. In 1879, Mr. Bowen, the then Sheriff of Charleston County, died be- fore the expiration of his term of office, and Mr. Ferguson was appointed to fulfill his unexpired term, and in 1880, after a year’s probation and discipline, the people were so well satisfied with him as to elect him, for a four year term of this office. Mr. Ferguson, is a native of Ireland, came to this coun- try and to Charleston in 1836, com- menced life as carpenter and builder, and continued in this business, mak- ing estimates and taking contracts, and doing a prosperous and flourish- ing trade in this line till 1880, em- ploying from fifty to one hundred men. Mr. Ferguson built the Union Cotton Press in 1878. He was city inspector in Wagener’s administration. He was President of the Palmetto Fire Com- pany sixteen years, and till it broke up in 1881. Was first lieutenant in Wagner’s Light Infantry, serving on the coast. He is a member of Fellow- ship Society, the German Friendly So- ciety, Mechanics Union No. 1, St. Pat- rick’s Society. He takes an active interest, in all matters pertaining to the public welfare. Is delegate, to all State, County, and City Conventions, and since the war, exerts great poten- tial influence, in city and county poli- tics. Mr. Ferguson is a hard working, painstaking official, and well merits the high esteem, in which he is held, as an honorable and efficient public officer. T. G: BOAG, Deputy Sheriff. Among the prominent and popular public-spirited citizens of Charleston, Mr. T. G. Boag is worthy of mention. The greater part of his active career, has been spent in the cotton business. He was Alderman of the 4th ward in the first term of Cunningham’s ad- ministration. The war between the States breaking out, he entered as 1st Junior Lieutenant of Richardson Guards, which went to Fort Sumter under command of Colonel Maxcy Gregg, assisting in the capture of the fort. Was put in charge of the prison- ers from 1st Manassas, and they appre- ciated his kindness by giving him many complimentary letters, after- wards in Gist Guard and later Capt. Comp. B., Maningault Bat., serving in S. C. and N. C., surrendering with Joe Johnson. He was appointed Deputy Sheriff in ’79, and has since continued in that position, discharging its duties faith- fully and to the entire satisfaction of the Sheriff and of the public. He is a genial, pleasant man, is fond of the sports of the field, is a capital shot. He is a native of Charleston, where he is well known and popular, is prominent in politics, takes an active interest in all matters he believes to be conducive to the city’s welfare. He is a faithful public officer, and a good and useful citizen, and will probably in the near future be called upon by an appreciat- ing constituency to discharge higher political trusts. WM. G. EASON, County Auditor. One of the most important and re- sponsible of all County offices, in the populous and metropolitan districts of the State, and one having an exist- ence only in such, is that of County Auditor, and one the correct discharge of the duties of which, calls for a skilled accountant. The duties of this office are extremely arduous, and call for a man of great executive abil- ity, of much industry, and of varied knowledge, with regard to business affairs or transactions in general. That the present incumbent of this arduous and responsible position comes up to 166 City of Charleston. tlie full measure of these requirements, and that in addition thereto he has the further requisite of an unsul- lied record, is evinced by the fact, that he was appointed to this position in 1877, for a term of two years, by the Hon. Wade Hampton, the then Gov- ernor of the State, and that he has been appointed every two years since, to succeed himself in this office. Mr, William G. Eason was born and edu- cated in Charleston, entered the hard- ware house of W. L. Timmon. On January 81st, 1849, he sailed from Charleston to California, arrived in San Francisco November 13th following, and remained there eleven years, dur- ing which time, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits and steamboat business. During the war served in the Ordinance Department in Charles- ton and Columbia, and then returned to mercantile life, in which he contin- ued until the time of his appointment to this position, as above stated. The duties of his office are ably performed, and he has the highest reputation, both in public and private life. Court House of Charleston County. COL. PETER C. GAILLARD, County Treasurer. The responsibility of a County Trea- surer to the community is of a most important character, the Correct dis- charge of the duties of which office requires great business tact and sagac- ity, considerable financial ability, a knowledge of the best methods of keeping accounts, and unfaltering in- tegrity. He is the officer, who receives the public money arising .from taxes, assessments, licenses and fines, from rental of County property, and funds accruing from every other source of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders drawn by the proper authorities. The present able and efficient incumbent, was appointed to, and has continued in the discharge of, the duties of this position since June, 1877. Though taking a reason- ably active part in politics, such as behooves all who appreciate the elec- tive franchise, and good government, up to 1877, he never looked for or ac- cepted any office, either elective or appointive. Mr. Gaillard, was born State of South Carolina. 167 at St. Stephen’s Parish, Charleston County. In 1828 went to Pendleton Academy. From December, 1829, to the summer of 1831, attended S. C. Col. Was appointed from his Con- gressional District, a cadet to West Point, graduated therefrom in June, 1835. Served as Lieutenant, until May-, 1838, in U. S. Inf., when resign- ing, he entered into the cotton factor- age business, and continued the same until 1873. When the war broke out, he entered the Confederate army, as Lieutenant Colonel of Charleston Bat- talion, and afterwards was Colonel of the Twenty-seventh S. C. Reg. Was on the coast and in Va. and N. C. Was wounded at Secessionville, and lost his left arm in Battery Wagner. Was Mayor of Charleston from Nov., 1865, to Feb., 1868. Personally, Mr. Gaillard is a popular official, and en- joys the : highest of reputations, as an honorable public servant, and an up- right member of the community. J. P. De YEAUX, County Coroner. In a county there are few officers more responsible than that of Coroner, which calls for a man of great nerve and sound judgment. Mr. J. P. De Veaux, the present worthy incum- bent of this weighty position, was born in Charleston, and received his early education at her high schools. He learned the trade of shipwright and prosecuted this business till the break- ing out of the war, when he entered as Sergeant of the Fifth S. C. Cavalry under Generals Hampton and Butler. For meritorious services was pro- moted to a 1st Lieutenancy, and con- tinued in the gallant performance of his duty, tail wounded on the 20th of March, ’65, at Fayetteville, N. C., receiv- ing no less than five shots. The war over, he returned to his trade, till 1876, when appointed Superintend- ent of Streets, serving in this capacity two years, and for a similar length of time as Overseer for County Commis- sioners. In 1880, the people having recognized Mr. De Yeaux’s abilities, in directing and managing the affairs of the offices he had already held, with an overwhelming majority elected him County Coroner, the ar- duous duties of which office, he has since discharged to the satisfac- tion of all. Mr. De Veaux is descend- ed from an old Huguenot S. Carolin- ian. As a member of the Orange Lodge 14, he takes an active and in fluential interest in the Masonic fra- ternity. In 1878 he was shot in a three-cornered duel, while defending his friend Captain White , against Mr. Rouse, of this city. In politics the Coroner has played an important part, has many friends, and is generally es- teemed by his constituency. W. E. VINCENT, Probate Judge, That officer, under whose supervis- ion, and by and through whom the property of all deceased persons, are distributed to those who are entitled to succeed to it, should be possessed of a thorough and exhaustive knowledge of the laws of descent, should be well grounded in the general principles of the various branches of this abstruce science, perfectly conversant with the laws of evidence, and proficient in the rules of practice specially adapted for Probate Courts. Before this tribunal occurs some of the most important legal proceedings that arise in any Court, confined exclusively to the juris- diction of civil cases. The successors, and the would-be successors, to pro- perty of deceased persons frequently, where a will is left, take -issue on the question of the testator’s capacity to make a legal will, at the time the doc- ument purporting to be a will, was claimed to have been made, or that undue influence in favor of legatees, had been exerted over the mind of the deceased person, and that, therefore, the document offered for probate, does not express the wish or free will of the 168 City of Charleston. testator, with regard to the disposition of his estate. In such case, medical testimony, and the evidence of those skilled, in reading the human mind, and in discerning the considerations, and motives, that influence or control the actions of their fellow-men, is call- ed into requisition, and this officer, in his official capacity, is called upon to decide upon the competency, the rele- vancy, and the sufficiency, and the credibility of the testimony offered by the contestants. These are the con- tingencies that quite frequently arise, in cases where wills are left, calling for an almost exhaustive knowledge, of the laws of evidence in these respects, on the part of the incumbent, of this office. Where a person dies intestate, leaving property, a nice discrimination is in almost every instance, necessary to be exercised in determining wdio, of the heirs, or creditors of the deceased, are entitled to have the letters of ad- ministration issued to them. Here a careful and judicious consideration, of the facts or evidence, of the respective claimants of this right, is necessary, requiring an exact knowledge, of yet other rules of evidence, than those above reverted to. Mr. W. E. Vincent, Probate Judge of Charleston County, was born at Charleston, was attending Citadel School when the war between the States broke out, left his home and his studies to enter the Phoenix Rifles, was stationed on Morris Island, and afterwards served on the staff of Gen. Gonzales, and still later in the Charles- ton Light Dragoons in Virginia. After the war was appointed clerk of Pro- bate Court of Charleston County, and in 1868 was elected Judge of this Court, for a term of two years, and has been re-elected every tw r o years, since, now being incumbent thereof. Was School Commissioner two years. Has attend- ed most of the State Conventions since the war as a delegate. With an hon- orable record, and with a long prac- tical experience in this office, an ex- perience to which he can refer with pride ; it is to be hoped, that he may be long continued in this responsible position, having so thoroughly demon- strated his eminent fitness to fill the same, his decision never having been once set aside by the Supreme Court of the State. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. The “Medical College of South Caro- lina,” under the control of the Medi- cal Society of South Carolina, and located in Charleston, received its charter from the State in 1825. In consequence of some difference be- tween the Professors and the Society, the former resigned in 1832, and or- ganized another Medical College, which was chartered December 20, 1832, under the name which heads this sketch, and which still exists. A Board of Trustees was elected, with Mr. Nathaniel Heyward as President. The faculty was organized as fol- lows: J. Edward Holbrook, M. D., Sam. H. Dickson, M. D., Thos. G. Prioleau, M. D., Edm. Ravenel, M. D., Henry R. Frost, M. D., and John Wagner, M. D. The College has since continued its exercises uninterruptedly, with the exception of the suspension from 1861 to 1865, on account of the war, and fifty-five courses of lectures have been given. The alumni number 2,153, and the number of students who dur- ing these years have received instruc- tion is about 10,950. These were mostly from South Carolina, and the remainder principally from the South- ern States. , About four-fifths of the present medical practitioners of South Carolina are graduates of this college, and her Alumni have been distin- guished teachers and physicians in many States of the Union. The College owns no property, with the exception of the large and hand- some building, in which instruction is given, and an expensive and valu- able museum of pathological speci- mens and anatomical preparations. State of South Carolina. 16 The institution lias never been the re- cipient of any bequest or pecuniary gift, with the exception of one from the State of $20,000 in 1853, in virtue of which the Governor, has the right of appointing one beneficiary from each Congressional District (S). The work of the College has been accom- plished and the school sustained wholly by the public spirit, and upon the personal credit of the members of the Faculty. On the resumption of exercises after the war, it was found that the building had been badly in- jured by shells, the museum had been robbed of many of its preparations, and even the furniture had been stolen. The expenses of repairing this dam- age, was defrayed by personally assess- ing the Professors. From that time until 1876 the Medical College was the- only public institution of the State which had not been seized by those who usurped the State government. The College, was preserved by the devotion of the Faculty, who have from 1865 to the present, without aid from the State, carried on the institu- tion, keeping it up, at great persona- sacrifice of time, t labor and money, Medical College of State of South Carolina. and have much advanced the stand- ard of education, by adding to the curriculum the branches of Clin. Surg., Medicine and Gynaec., Clin. Diseases of Eye and Ear, and Micros- copy, and have instituted a school of Pharmacy and Anal. Chemistry. Edw. McCrady, Esq., is President of the Board of Trustees, and E. Horry Frost, Secretarv and Treasurer. 12 Faculty and Auxiliary Instructors — J. Ford Prioleau, M. D., Dean and Professor of Obstet. and Gynaec; B.. A, Kinloch, M. D., Professor of Prii:- cip. and Pract. of Surg. and Clin. Surg.; J. P. Chazal, M. D., Prof, of Path, and Pract. of Med. and of Clin. Med ; Middleton Michel, M. D., Pro- fessor of Physiol. ; F. L. Parker, M. D , Prof, of Anat. and Clin. Lectures cn 170 City of Charleston. Diseases of the Eye and Ear ; F. Peyre Porcher, Professor of Mat. Med., Ther. and Botany ; T. Grange Simons, M. D., Assistant Professor of Path, and Pract. of Med. and Clin. Med.; A. R. Guer- ard, A. R. S. M., Inst, in Chemistry ; R. Barnwell Rhett, M. D., Demons, of Anat.; John L. Dawson, Jr., M. D., Assist. Demons, of Anat.; George G. Ivinloch, M. D., Inst, in Micros, and Pros, to Prof, of Surg.; P. Gourdin DeSaussure, M.D., Assistant Professor of Gynaec ; C. F. Panknin, Professor of Pharmacy, and Dean of Pharm. Faculty. For several years past, by arrange- ment with the City Council, the Roper Hospital has been under the medical and surgical direction of the Faculty of the College. This hospital con- tains 300 beds, 150 patients being the daily average, and affords excellent opportunities for Clinical Instruction, daily lectures being given in the hos- pital during the session. Four house physicians are attached to the hos- pital, who are chosen every March, in the order of their proficiency, from .among the graduates, who apply for •the position. Expenses. Medical Department. — Matricula- tion $5. Entire course of lectures, in- cluding Demonstrator’s ticket and hospital advantages, $75 ; graduating fee, $30. Pharmaceutical Department. — Ma- triculation, $5 ; tuition fee, $30 ; Prac- tical laboratory work, $10 to $15; graduating fee, $10. The College receives yearly an in- creasing number of pupils, now about 75, and with the facilities at its com- mand and the advantages offered, es- pecially in the comparative study of the diseases of the two races, who, in many respects, differ physiologically and pathologically, deserves the pa- tronage of medical students. The mildness of the Charleston winter, the polished society and rational amuse- ments, amply sufficient for all purposes of relaxation, induce students from all parts of our country to visit this insti- tution, of which Carolina and the medical profession throughout the Union have reason to be proud. JACOB FORD PRIOLEAU, Dean. As prominent, accomplished and learned a physician as there is in the South, is Dr. Jacob Ford Prioleau, of Charleston, South Caroline, of Italian and Huguenot ancestry, son of Pro- fessor Thomas G. Prioleau, M. D., and Mary IP. (Ford) Prioleau, was born in Charleston, April 30th, 1826. He was educated in private schools, and at the Charleston College receiv- ing his A. B. in 1845, and A. M. 1848, and studied medicine in Charleston, Philadelphia and New York, and graduated M. D. at the Medical College of the State of South Carolina in 1847. lie settled first near Stockton, California, in 1849, but returned to Charleston in 1851. IPis practice is general, although in sur- gery he has successfully performed many of the capital operations. He is an honorary member of the Ameri- can Medical Association, of the South Carolina Medical Association, its Vice President in 1869, and President in 1871 and 1872; also member of the State Board of Health. His contribu- tions to medical literature are published in the American Journal of Medical Science, in the Charleston Medical Journal, Transactions of S. C. Medical Association, &c. He was physician to the Charleston almshouse and city hospital from 1852 to 1854 ; physician to the Roper hospital from 1858 to 1861, and from 1866 to 1870. He was lecturer at the Charleston medical in- stitute in 1851 upon obsterics, which he resigned in 1856; elected professor of obstetrics in the Medical College of South Carolina in 1871, and in 1873 to the chair of gynaecology. He was surgeon in the provisional army of the Confederate States, attached to the insriDEx PAGE Abrahams, N., Shoes 139 Aimar G. IW. & Co., Drug- gists 67 Atlantic 1’ hosphate Co 48 Bank, First National 93 Bank of Charleston 60 Barbot A. O., Druggist 143 Bardin & Murdoch, FactorsllS Bart C. & Co , Fruit 53 Bayer Henry, Fruit 96 Bee W. C. & Co., Factors... 70 Behre C. H., Jeweller 156 Berbusse C., Basket Goods, 178 Biller I., Dye House, 152 Bird W'm. I\I. & Co., Oils and Colors HO Boag T. G-, Deputy Sheriff, 165 Bolger H. H., Undertaker, Brewster & Burke, Law- yers 147 Bristol T M & Son, Shoes.. 125 Brown Edm. T. & Co., Hats, etc 79 Brown Dr. W. S., Dentist.. 175 Brown S., Dry Goods 155 Buist J. S., M. D 73 Bull W. E„ Dentist 151 Bulwinkle Geo., Grocer 152 Burmeister & Co., Hay and Grain 58 Burnett B. R., Lawyer 137 Campbell T., Stoves 123 Carrigan & Silcox, Factors, 120 Chaffee & O’Brien, Grocers, 80 Charleston Bagging Fact’y, 50 Hotel 113 Manuf ’g Co 46 Oil Manf’gCo., 52 Phosphate Co., 177 Chazal J. P , M. D 173 Chisolm J. B., Lawyer 143 City Railway 100 Oleckley IL. M , M. D 134 Clyde Steam Line 43 Cochran & Alexander, Real Estate 54 Cowperthwait E. R., Fur- niture 179 Coffin E., Real Estate 154 Cohen J. B., Lawyer 85 Cohen Jos. & Son, Ship Brokers 129 Cohen & Triest, Dry Goods, 146 Colburn & Schacte, Insur- ance 118 PAGE I Cook G. L. G.,Photograph’r,53 Courtenay Hon. W. A 41 Cunningham George 1 103 DeSaussure & Son, Lawy’s, 128 DeVeaux J. P, Coroner 167 Deutsche Zeitung 97 Dill Jos. T. & Co., Factors, 86 Dotterer Louis P., Dentist, 91 Druelle L., Tailor 180 Dun R. G. & Co., Mer. Ag’y, 76 Ducker J. H., Grocer 143 Eagle Candy Manuf ’g Co., 142 Eason W. G , Auditor 165 Edisto Phosphate Co 74 Egan Geo. W., Builder 135 El'fe William T Ill Enslow J. A., Merchant 177 Etiwan Phosphate Works.. 70 Ferguson Hugh, Sheriff'... ..164 Fine W. M., Boarding Officer 161 Fischer Win., Engraver 89 Forsythe W. C. & Son, Dry Goods 61 Franke C. D., Carriage Supplies 68 Gage Alva & Co., Ice 107 Gaillard P. C., Co. Treas’r, 166 Gooding & Read, Sale Sta- bles, 125 Gotjen A. C. F., Grocer 128 Gotjen, D. W., Grocer 148 Gourdin, Jno. K., Engineer and Surveyor 98 Graham R. & Co., Sale Stables 156 Graman J. H., Druggist 150 Graveley C., Insurance 91 Graver Anna C., Grocer 75 Haeslop Henry, Hay and Grain 136 Hagood J. E., U- S. Dist Court 162 Hamblin R. W , Boston Ba- zaar 85 Hastie W. S. & Son, Insur- ance 87 Hayne & Ficken, Lawyers, 54 Holmes W. E., Oils and Paints 65 Honour J, L. & Co.. Insur’e, 66 Huguelet E., Jeweller 142 PAGE Hurkamp Jno. & Co., Gro- cers 122 Ingraham Geo. IL., Factor, 105 Johnson J. R. & Son, Hats Umbrellas 97 Johnston T. B , Collector, 100 Jones T. B., Broker 106 Keller F. B. & Co., Poultry, 119 Kennedy M. F. & Bro., Auctioneers 109 Kennedy T J., Wheelwri’t,118 Kerrison C- Jr., Register. ..162 King W. L., Real Estate 153 Kinloch R. A., M. D 171 Kracke F. D. C., Hay and Grain 112 Lee & DeSaussure, Insur- ance 127 Leidloff H., Photography. .155 Lilienthal F. J. &Son, Gro- ceries and Feed 150 Livingston J. H., U. S. Mar- shal 158 Lunz George, Cigars 165 Magratli A. G., Jr., Lawyer, 101 McCobb A., Lime and Ce- ment 84 McCrady Sons & Bacot, Lawyers 101 McElree’s Jewelry Palace, 77 MclnnesBenj., Blacksmith 91 Mclnnes Benj. Jr., Veteri- nary Surgeon 92 Mclnnes, P. M., Horse- Shoeing 110 Mallonee J. C., Lumber 136 Mandeville J. C., Paimer...l44 Marks’ Ship Yard 137 Marshall Samuel R. & C’o., Hardware 141 Martin R. T., Shoes and Sewing Machines 138 Medical College 168 Melchers A., Bakery 116 Melton S. VL,U. S. Att’y...l59 Menke A., Tabor 135 Michel M., M. D ...174 Mikell & Simonds, storage, 106 Millar John C., Lawyer 109 Miller W. T., Sail-Maker. ..121 Millings & Co., Furniture- 78 184 Index. PAGE I .Mitchell & Smith, Lawyers, 62 Molony John J., Ship Bro- ker 105 Moc <1 & Terry, Fish Dealers, 176 Moran P., Hardware' 91 Moses J. L., Real Estate... 101 Mowry L. D. & Son, Factorsll5 Muckenfuss W. M., Law- Nelson S. A. & Co., Shoes, 82 Norden A. & Co . Export’rs, 57 Rowell F.A., Photograph’r,145 Oliver Henry, Builder 68 O’Neill B., Grocer 169 Ostendortl J. H., Deputy Collector 161 Otis A. P., Coal 88 Panknin C. F., Pharma 138 Parker F. L. J., M.D , 172 Paul John &Co., Grocers. ..108 Peeksen J. N., Grocer 179 Pelzer, Rodgers & Co 48 Percival E. VV., Sasli and Blinds 83 Porcher F. P., M. D 175 PlengeC. C., Hats and Ci- gars ■' 72 Plenge Edw., Tailor 134 Prioleau Jac. F., M. D 170 Puckhaber Bros.* Bakery. .149 Redding Jas. F., Auction’!- 121 Rehkopf, F. G- & Sons, Undertakers 126 Riecke G., Auctioneer 96 Rosenthal E., Jeweller 152 PAGE Roumillat J., Pharma 88 Rutledge & Young, Lawy’rs, 81 Sahlman L., Hay and Grainl09 Salas & Hall, Cotton 66 Sanders, Welling & Co., Bricks 124 Schirmer Jacob S., Rice 92 Sclilepegrell & Son, Lum- ber : 139 Schmancke C. L., Feed 153 Schuckman, P., Fancy Goods 154 Schwettmann C. F , Pharml22 Seignious Jas. M., Factor... 81 Shaw, P. R., Dry Goods 152 Sheppard & Porcher, Rice.. 141 Simmons Jas. S,, Grocer... 89 Simons & Siegling, Lawyers, 50 Simons S. Lewis, Surveyor, 61 Simons T. G., M. D 173 Simonton & Barker, Law- yers 11 1 Singer Manufacturing Co... 90 Sloan J. B. E. & Son, Fac- tors 114 Smith Atmar, Dentist 72 Smith F. J., Architect 127 Smith, Mclver & Co., Fac- tors 64 Smith Hampton 179 Smythe & Adger, Factors... 62 Smythe, Bruns & Lee, Lawyers ..... 132 Solomons.!. R., Dentist 144 Southern Express Co 102 Staniand & Downing, Na- val Stores 45 Steenken H., Wheelwright, 78 Stelling J. H. E., Printer... 58 Steinke F , Baker. Steinmeyer J. H., L Steitz H , Fruit Steiber Jac., Slices. PAGE 122 umber, 145 64 135 Thomas S. B 106 Thomlinson Alvin R 69 TiedemanO. &Son, Groc’rsll7 Treahy M. J., Carpenter. ..117 Trtnbolm Geo. A. & Son... 59 Trenholm Savage D 95 Tapper S. Y. & Son, Insur- ance 98 Tupper, F. & Co , Ifisur’ce, 140 Victoria Hotel 180 Vincent W. E., Probate Judge 167 Von Santen, Fancy Bazaar, 156 Wando Phosphate Co 55 Wayne & Von Kolnitz 56 Weatherhorn & Fischer, Building Material 92 Webb Sam., Florist 100 Welch & Eason, Grocers... 59 Wehman F., Grocer 86 Welling E., Lumber 124 Werner Iron Works 154 Whi'den W. W. & Co., Fac- tors 103 Wilbur W. C., Dentist 151 Williams A. M. & Bro. Printers 70 Williams G. W 129 Wulbern & Pieper, Grocers 57 Ybites Joseph, M. D 176 V. V f MOV 1 ^ '*< -/iff ‘H wgf; D00575643U