DU 627.18 .H6 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE PASSING OF LILIUOKALANI Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/passingofliliuok01 hodg Liliuokalani, as Hawaii’s Queen. Her Majesty Liliu (Lydia) Kamakaeha Kao/anialii Newewelii Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s only Queen; and now the most lamented of the former Sovereigns of the Kingdom of Hawaii who have gone out from the clay. This picture was taken while Liliuokalani waved the scepter of the Kingdom. THE PASSING OF LILIUOKALANI BY WM. C. HODGES, Jr. With illustrations from pkotograpKs Preceded b$ A Brief Historical Interpretation of the Life of Liliuokalani of Hawaii Honolulu Honolulu Star-Bulletin Publishers COPYRIGHT, 1910 by wm c. Hodges, Jr ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PUBLISHED JULY, 1910 9 ^ 11 %9 L1A8H - - DEDICATED TO - - THE HAWAII THAT WAS CONTENTS Pa tee A Brief Historical Interpretation of the Life of Liliuokalani of Hawaii 11 The Passing of Liliuokalani .. 3.1 ( 9 ) INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS Frontispiece, in color: Liliuokalani as Hawaii’s Queen.opp. title page Page His Majesty King Ivalakaua .-.-..... 12 A glimpse of "Washington Place,” the private residence of Liliuokalani 14 The Princess Kaiulani .-.. .. 16 Liliuokalani at about twenty years of age . 18 A picture of Liliuokalani during the years of her prime. 20 Bust view of Liliuokalani in court attire.... 22 Liliuokalani in reception dress, taken during a visit to Boston.- 24 Autographed photograph of Liliuokalani, In Boston. 26 When Liliuokalani sat the Throne of Hawaii. 28 Her Majesty during her seventy-fourth year.- 30 One of the last pictures ever taken during Liiiuokalani’s life.- . 32 Second Frontispiece, in color: A scene in Kawaiahao Church during tne period Liliuokalani lay in state ..-.opp. 35 Another scene in Kawaiahao Church ...... 36 The royal casket, in the former throne-room of old Iolani Palace. 38 Crepe-festooned facade of former Iolani Palace, showing catafalque drawn up to steps . 40 The casket being placed on the catafalque. 42 Bearers of the crown-jewels in funeral cortege.. 44 Poolas—pullers—drawing the hand-drawn catafalque.. 46 The catafalque, surrounded by the sacred kahilis, en route to the cemetery . 48 One of the maid Hawaiian societies, in funeral procession.. 50 Black-holokued women, marching in funeral cortege. 54 The Queen’s own Troop of Boy Scouts following the dead monarch. 56 A scene at the royal mausoleum, showing floral pieces....... 64 Another view of funeral procession, showing wearers of ahuulas— feather capes ......... 66 Another scene at the royal bur.ving-ground ; mausoleum at the right. 68 Replica of the crown of Hawaii, the coat-of-arms of the Kalakaua dynasty, inscription, etc., mounted on Liliuokalani’s casket. TO (io) A Brief Historical Interpretation of the Life of Liliuokalani of Hawaii UEEN LILIUOKALANI, last of the ^5 rulers of royal Hawaii, was born September 2, 1838; wielded the scepter from January, 1891, to January, 1893. and died November 11, 1917. Her father was Kapaakea, and her mother Keohokalole, one of the counselors of King Kamehameha III. who, in 1840 gave the Hawaiian people their first written consti¬ tution Keawa-a-Heulu, founder of the Kamehameha dynasty, was her great¬ grandfather and cousin of Keoua, father of Kamehameha I. One of the first converts to Christianity, Queen Kapiolani, was Lili- uokalani’s great-grand aunt. She it was who publicly defied the power of the fire- goddess, Pele, to embrace the new religion brought from strange lands overseas. His Majesty, King Kalakaua, brother of Liliuokalani, and her im¬ mediate predecessor on the throne. Soon after her birth Liliuokalani was adopted by Paki, a high chief, and his wife, Konia, a descendant of the first Kameha- meha. Their daughter, Bernice Pauahi, later Mrs. Charles R. Bishop, was therefore Lil- iuokalani’s foster-sister. At four years of age the child Liliu was sent to the Royal School, where, says the Queen in her own book. English was well taught, tho’ the children were frequently hungry. In this boarding school when Liliuokalani entered the institution, there were five future Elawaiian rulers—Kame- hameha IV, Ivamehameha V, Lunalilo, Kalakaua, (her brother), and herself. A neighbor in her school days, was Mr. John O. Dominis, who afterwards became her husband, tho' she had no lack of royal suitors. The father of Dominis was a sea- captain of Italian antecedents, while his mother was an American from Boston, of English stock. The house known as Wash¬ ington Place, in Honolulu, was built by Captain Dominis, as a family residence. It later became the home of young Dominis 5? ^ -c<. and his wife; and, thereafter, it was the home of the Queen and widow, when she was not occupying Iolani Palace, now the executive building of the Territory, or her Waikiki beach resort, or other temporary abode. Liliuokalani was a most studious child and well educated woman. When she left the Royal School she attended a day school. The years of her girlhood were passed, after her school days were over, in the house built by Paki, her adopted father — the old Arlington Hotel, which stood near where the modern Honolulu office structure, the Keauikeolani building, now ornaments King street, near Fort street. Paki died in 1855. Then, Liliuokalani\s foster-sister, and her husband, C. R. Bishop, moved to that residence, which still re¬ mained the home of the Princess. It was a mansion of many functions and much great and pleasant company, for, as we read in “Hawaii’s Story By Hawaii’s Queen,” from Liliuokalani’s own pen, “Mr. Bishop was a popular and hospitable man, and his (A) The Princess Kaiulani, famed for her beauty and hospitality, who never reached the throne of the Kingdom. wife (Bernice Pauahi), was as good as she was beautiful.” In 1857 Liliuokalani’s mother died, plac¬ ing the young woman more under the charge of Mr. and Mrs. Bishop. Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV, who reigned from 1854 to 1863) was then on the throne. He founded the Queen’s Hospital, so named because of the interest taken in its erection by his wife, Queen Emma; and he translated the English prayer-book into the Hawaiian language. To him was due the introduction of the Anglican mission. Liliuokalani was engaged to John Domi- nis for two years, and it was their inten¬ tion to have married on the twenty-fourth anniversary of her birth (1862), but the wedding was delayed two weeks because the court was in mourning for the little son of Kamehameha IV, whose death had oc¬ curred on August 27th. Rev. Mr. Damon, father of S. M. Damon, today Honolulu's senior banker, was the officiating clergy¬ man. The ceremony occurred in what was later the Arlington Hotel. Honolulu’s "400” Liliuokalani at about twenty years of age, dressed in the obtaining fashion of the day. attended, of course. Mr. and Mrs. Domi- nis then went to Washington Place to live. On the ascension to the throne of Prince Lett, as Kamehameha the Y, the last of the Hawaiian monarchs to bear that name, was known, Liliuokalani’s husband was ap¬ pointed his private secretary and confiden¬ tial adviser, occupying that position during Lot's reign of ten years. Further, Dominis was made Governor of Oahu, the island on which Honolulu stands, and remained such until the death of the King. “Besides this position,” says Liliuo- kalani in her memoirs, "he held other offices of importance under the Hawaiian govern¬ ment, being at one time Governor of the Island of Maui; commissioner of the admin¬ istration of crown lands; attached to the suite of my brother, the late King Kalakaua. on his visit to the United States in 1874, in the interest of trade reciprocity; and finally being a member of the Hawaiian embassy which visited the Lhfited States and Great Britain in 1887, representing the Kingdom of Hawaii at Queen Victoria's A view of Liliuokalani, during the years of her prime, of which she was very fond. Jubilee. But in the fall of 1891, Governor Dominis, who was then Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, with the rank of His Royal Highness Prince Consort, was in rapidly failing health; and on the 27th of August of that year he died. His death occurred at a time when his long experience in public life, his amiable qualities and his universal popularity, would have made him an ad¬ viser to me for whom no substitute could possibly be found. “I have often said that it pleased the Almighty Ruler of Nations to take him away from me at precisely the time when I felt that I most needed his counsel and companionship.” After Liliuokalani left school, her musical education was continued as occasion offered. She wrote the words and music for many songs, only about a quarter of which have been preserved in print, though many oth¬ ers will, for a long time, remain in the memory of her friends. That which has won the widest popularity was "Aloha Oe,’’ A bust view of Liliuokalani in court attire, at the age of about thirty. which has been played and sung wherever Hawaiians have gathered for the last twen¬ ty years. It has also become well known abroad, particularly in the United States. In the year 1869, the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Alfred of England, arrived in Hono¬ lulu in command of the Galatea. Liliuoka- lani gave a luau (Hawaiian feast) in his honor, at her Waikiki residence. Eighteen years later they met again. This time, in London at Oueen Victoria’s Jubilee. Prince Alfred was escort to the Hawaiian Princess at a state function; her nearest neighbor on her other hand, being the present Emperor of Germany. Little did she dream that thirty years in the future, she, a deposed monarch of the lost Kingdom of Hawaii, but a good citizen of the American Territory of Hawaii, would, from the flagpole in her tropical Honolulu garden, fling to the breeze the Stars and Stripes in honor of the day when America joined the world war against the I Inn, and the despicable ruler who sat at her elbow on that memorable day. (23) Liliuokalani in reception dress, taken during a visit to Boston. The Queen was about thirty-five years of age at this time. Liliuokalani appeared as a history maker soon after her brother Kalakaua come to the throne. David Kalakaua was elected king by the legislature, February 12, 1874. “Rex," as Kalakaua was often called, se¬ cured much of his support from Americans, on account of his friendliness toward the United States, and his support of the pro¬ ject to secure a treaty of commercial reci¬ procity with Hawaii's neighbor on the northeast. On April 10, 1877, Princess Liliuokalani was proclaimed heir-apparent to the throne. Late in 1880 Kalakaua started on a tour of the world, returning October 29, 1881. Liliuokalani was regent during his absence. Liliuokalani's trip to London to attend Oueen Victoria’s Jubilee was made with Queen Kapiolani (Kalakaua’s wife). Colo¬ nels Curtis P. Iaukea, J. H. Boyd and General John Owen Dominis (her hus¬ band). The party left Honolulu on April 12 , 1887 . Kapiolani and Liliuokalani were received everywhere with great attention. As Princess Liliu (Lydia) Kamakaeha, Another picture of Liliuokalani taken 'while in Boston. Note the autograph at the lower right-hand corner. The remain¬ der extended out onto the mounting of the picture and was cut off in reproduction. Original was presented to the author. heir-apparent, and regent in her brother's absence, Liliuokalani was hostess at many royal functions and festivals. In December. 1890, while Kalakaua was on his last trip to the United States, she gave a particu¬ larly brilliant and memorable reception in lolani Palace. Kalakaua’s health was failing. His reign was troubled. Constitutional monarchy was not all that it might have been. Stren¬ uous struggles between autocratic idealists were ever occurring. The cabinet contin¬ ually underwent change. Came the day when Kalakaua was due to return from San Francisco. Great prepa¬ rations were made for his welcome home. But the King was dead. There was no cable in those days, and Hawaii could not know that Kalakaua had died. His death occurred January 20, 1891, in the Palace Hotel, San Francisco. The remains were brought to Honolulu aboard the U. S. S. Charleston, arriving January 29. And on that day-— when the flag at half- mast on board the battleship announced to (27) When Liliuokalani sat on the throne of Hawaii as its beloved Sov¬ ereign. The background shows a royal feather cape. Hawaii the passing of Hawaii’s King — Liliuokalani was proclaimed ruler of the Hawaiian Islands. On March 9 th, the Princess Victoria Kaiulani, daughter of the late Princess Like- like (sister of Liliuokalani) and Archibald S. Cleghorn, since deceased, was appointed heir-apparent. And then the new Queen — seven months later — lost her husband, when she most needed his counsel. W ith enemies among her supposed friends the Queen was often ill-advised. She made mistakes. Her opponents rejoiced in her errors; her friends too often resented wise restrictions on the power of the crown. Her political opponents, not necessarily her personal enemies, would have nothing but restrictions. Monarchy, constitutional or otherwise, was soon to he a memory of a Hawaiian yesterday. Liliuokalani’s two years on the throne were stormy. On January 17 , 1893 , she was deposed. According to “Ha¬ waii's Story by Hawaii's Queen," the revo- (29) ——— An excellent likeness of Her Majesty during her seventy-fourth year. lutionists were conspirators. According to the revolutionists, they were saving the islands from ruin. The important point, historically, is that the revolution was suc¬ cessful. There are many who excuse or explain the methods of the revolutionists ; but few there are who boast of them. A provisional government followed the fallen monarchy, and, on July 4. 1894, it become the Republic of Hawaii. Judge Sanford B. Dole, who had acted as Presi¬ dent of the Provisional government, was then elected President of the new republic. During the period immediately following her overthrow Liliuokalani was removed to the Royal Palace and made a political prisoner, then charged with high treason by the Provisional government. She was thusly detained for several months, ulti¬ mately, however, being released after a hard-fought trial which resulted in her con¬ viction ; the sentence being a parole, which gradually diminished, with time, in its re¬ strictions. The United States annexed the islands in (31) One of the last pictures ever taken of Liliuokalani, taken on the lanai ( veranda) of her home, shortly before she took to her final bed. 1898, the Stars and Stripes being raised in Honolulu on August 12 of that year. On June 14, 1900, the present American terri¬ torial government was inaugurated, and President Dole then became Governor Dole —■ the first governor of the new American Territory. Hawaii is, at this writing, in her eigh¬ teenth year as a daughter of Hail Columbia! As much as she condemned the leaders of the revolution, and as strenuously as she fought for her restoration at the hands of official Washington, Liliuokalani grew to understand that her beloved Hawaii, and its people, had at last come to safe fortune under the folds of Old Glory. And she often expressed this conviction during her de¬ clining years. The Territorial government allowed her a substantial annuity, and she continued to reside in beautiful Washington Place, de¬ voting herself to educational and literary works. She disposed of much of her prop¬ erty in trust for the benefit of orphans and destitute children, as well as devoting much time to various other charitable works (33) • S Kawaiahao Church during the period Liliuokalani Icy in state on the open bier, sur rounded by kaleidoscopic and colorful splendor; showing the sacred kahilis, tabu-sticks and kahili-watchers. The Passing of Liliuokalani Wm. C. Hodges, Jr. /gafT. ANDREW’S bells tolled, and J Honolulu knew it had come — the passing of Hawaii’s last and most gracious Queen, Liliu (Lydia) Kamakaeha Kaola- malii Liliuokalani; poet, authoress, musi¬ cian, brilliant and regal hostess, charming personage, honored and respected figure of the highest court circles of the world, last connecting link between the monarchial Hawaii that was, and the United States Territory of today and lastly, and most pronouncedly, the most beloved and idol¬ ized of all Hawaii's alii (royalty). All Hawaii had been breathlessly await¬ ing the word for several days, while the ex- Queen rallied and sank in the throes of her last, lingering illness. She had been notably failing for a number-of months, conse¬ quently, the end was not entirely unexpected. ( 35 ) hjj 1PPV .Ip'll Another scene in Katvaiahao Church, after the Queen’s body had been sealed in the casket. A large ahuula is draped over the foot of the casket, and King Kalakaua’s famous tabu-stick—the round ball on the end of a stick — shows in the center of the picture. She had lived a full life in years, being" J 7 o seventy-nine when she died, and a much fuller one in experience and tribulation. 'Twas in the early brightness of one of those wondrously quiet and soothing tropic Sunday mornings — at about eight-thirty on November the eleventh — that the most pathetic and respected figure in the history of the former romantic Island Kingdom departed in spirit from Washington Place — the Queen’s lovely private residence — to join the spirits of those others of Hawaiian alii who had gone before her. For several days it had been known that the Queen was dying; the newspapers of the Territory held in momentary readiness “extras,” to be released only after filling- in the time of her actual demise. Certain preparations and arrangements, usually en¬ tirely post-mortem, had been made by those closest to Her Majesty; and hundreds of native survivors of the Hawaii of old visited Washington Place to chant and sing their olis (songs) to their dying Queen—weep¬ ing copious and reverent tears the while. ( 37 ) The wonderfully beautiful koa-wood casket, especially built to receive the body of the Queen„ as it rested on royal feather ahuulas — capes—in the throne room of former lolani Palace, where once Liliuokalani waved the scepter as Monarch of the Kingdom. An atmosphere akin to that of suspended animation pervaded the entire city of Hono¬ lulu, and all seemed funereal in mein hours, even days, before the royal spirit of the Great Chiefess passed from out the realm of things mundane. At midnight of the day following that during which the death angel had laid, for the last time, for all time, its grim hand in the ranks of Hawaiian royalty; and after the ancient Hawaiian custom of funeral ceremonies, the mortal remains of Liliuoka- lani were borne, with all the actions of respect accorded dead monarchs of the for¬ mer kingdom, from her home to the ancient Hawaiian Kawaiahao church, there to lie in royal state for a period of one week, or until the arrival of the next Sunday—since royalty must always be buried on the Sab¬ bath day. Leaving Washington Place for the last time, the royal remains lying on an open bier, canopied by a royal yellow pall, were placed by tender hands in a closed hearse which took its place in the procession that (39) Facade of former lolani Palace—now the Executive Building of the Territory of Hawaii, showing the crepe-festooned entrance, with the catafalque drawn up to the foot of the steps, awaiting the' casket and its burden of royalty. was to accompany it to the church, follow¬ ing immediately after a double line of kahili-bearers, led by the two royal torch- bearers. The hearse being followed, in turn, by two long lines of old Hawaiian men and women bearing other kahilis and torches; these escorts incessantly chanting the sacred olis to the royal dead. Kahilis are myriad in style and signifi¬ cance, and pertain only to things royal, consisting of a long pole — or stick, in the smaller kind. The top end is profusely and varyingly adorned with the feathers of in¬ numerable varieties of now practically ex¬ tinct birds of the islands. The feathers are variously dyed, and their arrangement varies greatly, as does their character, according to the significance of each differentiating style of kahili. A flaming torch was the emblem of the Kalakaua dynasty, of which Liliuokalani was a descendant — and must always accom¬ pany the funeral corteges of members of the dynasty. Certain kahilis, designated for use, only, on its final journey. This gives a good view of the kahilis. in accompanying royal dead, when being moved from one place to another, must never be moved but under certain condi¬ tions, one being that the hour of midnight obtain. This accounts for the removal of the Queen’s remains at that hour; neither must a royal corpse be moved without the accompanying presence of the prescribed kahilis, among other provisions for such occasions. In the olden days, all royalty and court attaches of high rank, chiefs, etc., in affairs of state wore alniulas — small capes, also of the feathers of rare birds. The remain¬ ing comparative few of these capes were worn by certain of those attendant on, and participating in, the many and varying cere¬ monies included in the extensive funeral rites enacted over Liliuokalani. Historic old Kawaiahao church was made the scene of indescribable beauty and picture¬ squeness for the reception of the Queen's body. And into the very center of this unique setting was conveyed the royal bier, (4.t) Bearers of the crown-jewels, who immediately preceded the catafalque to the cemetery. The figure at the left is the Honor¬ able John Baker, fotmer Governor of the Island of Hawaii, under Kalakaua, and the man who was chosen to pose for the statue of Kamehameha I, which now stands before the Judiciary Building in Honolulu. The man at the right is Lieutenant Oku, of the Imperial Japanese Navy, with the decoration presented to Her Majesty by the Mikado of Japan. immediately the weird cortege arrived at the church. The bier was laid upon a large and beautiful table of the native Hawaiian koa wood. The pall was lifted and Her Majestv lay at full length, and in attitude of peace¬ ful repose, as though but asleep in her fav¬ orite bedroom, a stone’s throw away. The burial gown was fashioned after the native holoku (loose mother-hubbard), and beautifully made of rich brocaded silk, trimmed with delicate point lace. The peaceful, but a trifle drawn, face of the eternal sleeper was lightly veiled by a wisp of tule. In the sleep of death. Her Majesty, according to her expressed wish, was again crowned with the diadem of her former Kingdom, which she had not worn since her dethronement in 1893. Other crown jewels were brought forth from the chill vaults wherein they had reposed in darkness for so many years, that, for the last time, they might again adorn their queenly mistress. These included a beautiful bracelet pre¬ sented to Her Majesty by the Duke of ( 45 ) View) of a number of the poolas — pullers—of the hand-drawn catafalque (there were two hundred and ten) on which the remains of Hawaii’s only Queen were borne to their final resting place. Edinburgh, while visiting Honolulu years before. A picturesquely beautiful and fantastic picture was Her Majesty as she lay in state in the church of her childhood, and her people; surrounded by the most beautiful, royal, stately, colorful and sacredly-tabu collection of ancient and priceless kahilis — soon to be looked on as but relics of a kingdom vanished into oblivion. According to old Hawaiian custom, the dead-watch must never lag; consequently the bier, flanked on both sides by rows of kahili-bearers, with the watch-captain at the foot facing the Queen, was constantly at¬ tended, from the hour of its impressive arrival at the church until its departure — and even after. The outer file of watchers bore a tall and large variety of the kahili, while the inner rank carried much smaller ones, which they waved in regular horizontal ryhthm, in the prescribed manner, over the royal bier. The watches consisted of two-hour periods each, and comprised members of certain ( 47 ) The catafalque as, surrounded and followed by sacred kahilis, it passed through the lines of countless thousands of rev¬ erent watchers who assembled along the line of march en route to the royal burial plot, in huuanu Cemetery, high up in the valley of that name, above the City of Honolulu. Hawaiian societies to which fell the honor¬ able and silent duty of thus serving — since speech among the kahili-watchers was strict¬ ly tabu while on duty. The facade of the quaint old church pre sented a study in black and white; the mourning black festooned strikingly against the white pillars and coral-stone walls and entrance foyer. The interior was bizarre and kaleidoscopic; practically every known color, shade and tint was so harmoniously blended as to at once, to a degree, alleviate the pervading funereal atmosphere, and lent a tone of quiet dignity to the unusual scene. It is doubtful if anywhere else but in Hawaii was ever such a scene set. The royal remains lay in state from the midnight of their arrival until the dusk of the following Saturday, when they were ceremoniously removed to the former Throne Room of erstwhile Iolani Palace, once the palatial home of she who had departed. Every day and night — in fact, every hour, for which Her Majesty lay in state ( 49 ) One of the male Hawaiian societies following the remains of their former Sovereign to her cradle-of-all-time. in the church there were different tradition¬ ally prescribed ceremonies, accompanied, incessantly, by the waving of the sacred kahilis. Innumerable olis, prayers, chants and meles were offered ; and the significance of each were ecpially numerous. All throughout the day, and far into the night of the Tuesday following the placing of the royal bier in the church, countless thousands, representing all nationalities, ages and conditions of life, silently passed, with evident reverence, into, and out of the royal presence, paying last homage to the dead Queen. In the opinion of the writer, no one who was fortunate enough to be present early on this notable Tuesday morning is likely to ever forget one of the first, and perhaps the simplest, bits of homage paid the be¬ loved Queen : The singing, by the ladies of one of the kahili-watches, of the Queen’s own “Aloha Oe." The tender rendition of this now famous refrain from Liliuokalani's prolific pen, seemingly brought home to the somewhat dazed consciousness of the as- (5i) semblage the fact that, indeed, was Liliu departed forever, and that the time of the final aloha was come. Tears came uncom¬ manded to every eye in the place, and many were moved to audibility. Nothing else throughout the entire week of ceremonies seemed to so move every living soul within earshot. ’Twas as if the very heart and soul of every one present was physically attempt¬ ing to escape the body, that it might ascend to the spirit of the noble, dead ruler of a vanquished kingdom — there to dwell in eternal communion. Immediately the last of the reluctant throng had passed out through the crepe- festooned portals of the church, late in the night of that memorable Tuesday, the steel coffin was brought into the church, and, in the presence only of Prince and Princess Kalanianaole, Col. Curtis P. laukea (former Chamberlain in the courts of King Kalakaua and Lihuokalani, and secretary to the latter until her death), and two very old Hawai¬ ian women, the funeral directors tenderly lifted the withered form of Hawaii’s last ( 52 ) Queen into the cradle-of-all-time and her¬ metically sealed it. It was then covered, excepting the face-glass, with a pall of royal yellow, heavily embroidered with the coat- of-arms of the Kalakaua dynasty. The remaining days during which the queenly remains lay in state in the church were consumed with the many, many weird, unique and quaintly-sacred Hawaiian funeral rites. And after that memorable first Tues¬ day, as if by tacit understanding, the gen¬ eral and considerate public, for the most part, all but gave over the entire proceed¬ ings to those of native blood. The usual morbidity, which oddly seems to predicate much curious visiting by superficial crowds at such occasions, was notably and happily absent. Those who appeared on the scene did so with the air of those who desired to do sincere homage to a great personage in the hour of her passing into the realm of immortals. Shortly before dusk on Saturday, Novem¬ ber the seventeenth, the steel coffin contain¬ ing all that remained on earth of she who (S3) A section of the funeral cortege of Liliuokalani, formed by marching, black-holokued women of one of the many Hawaiian societies of a like nature. was no more, together with the sacred kahilis, the numberless floral pieces and other appurtenances to the occasion, were again ceremoniously removed. This time, to be conveyed, according to the custom prevalent in monarchial days, to the Throne Room of the former royal palace — the room in which, as a court belle, Liliu had danced and led in the merry-makings of the court circles, while her brother Kalakaua sat the Throne, as ruler of the Kingdom. All the accompanying dictates of ancient tradition were punctiliously observed, even to the action of the elements; for the pro¬ verbial rains had properly fallen (accord¬ ing to the legends of old Hawaii) during the period in which the royal dead lay in state. Liquid precipitation at such times signifies, in the lore of Hawaii, that the spirit of the departed alii has found favor in the heavens, and that a place has been fittingly prepared for the royal spirit there to abide in everlasting peace. Thus, with all favoring omens in perfect accord, and on the day following the usually ( 55 ) is shown at the left of the picture. celebrated birthday of Kalakaua, the Throne Room of the old palace, once the rendevous of royalty, and where the “Merry Monarch,” as Kalakaua was popularly known, and his sister, Liliuokalani, had both waved the royal scepter, became the scene of one of the final episodes in the sadly-picturesque drama of the passing of the Hawaii of old. Immediately the royal cortege and its sleeping burden arrived in the magnificently decorated Throne Room, the pall was re¬ moved from the steel coffin and it was placed in a wonderfully beautiful, and especially built, casket. This outer casket was made, in the main, of the marvelously grained Hawaiian koa wood, trimmed with kou wood, also indigenous to the islands. Its highly polished exterior was truly a work of art and surpassing beauty. On the cover were mounted engraved silver plates — the crown of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and the coat-of-arms of the Kalakaua dynasty. These, too, were especially made and en¬ graved. All throughout the long night the Queen ( 57 ) lay in the Throne Room of the palace, the kahili-watches were made eloquent by the nnforgetable Hawaiian wail for the dead. There is no other sound quite like the Ha¬ waiian dead-wail; no other sound could possibly have within it the same wild, weird note of primitive grief, and the storming of outraged agony that refuses to submit to the onrushing ages and their ever- advancing changes. Not beginning in a low murmur and rising in an ever-increasingly voluminous crescen¬ do until the very atmosphere is seemingly surcharged with its melody, as do many of the wails peculiar to the funeral ceremonies of the Hawaiians; the wails that filled the air during that memorable Saturday night were entirely different. There was nothing of gentleness in them. They began with a piercing shriek of agony, as if in protest against nature, time and man, ending quite as loudly and abruptly as begun. It was as if the wailers were wittingly, but perforce, sounding the death-cry of their very race. When the bright rays of the Hawaiian sun broke through the tropic clouds, dappling the azure heavens of the succeeding perfect Sabbath morning, Hawaiian history was written for all time; and all that was mor¬ tal of ex-Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii was given stately burial, amid scenes of super¬ lative beauty, vivid color and impressive¬ ness; combining ancient and modern days — the regime of a Pacific monarchy and a Territory of the United States. Time was turned back the span of three decades, there in the Throne-room, with its present-day furnishings replaced by the em¬ blems of the glories of other years forming the setting for the funeral ceremonies over the body of she who last ruled a happy peo¬ ple from the Throne, which in days of old, dominated the scene now so differently set. because that beloved Queen was gone to the great beyond. From ten to eleven-thirty, the impressive funeral services were read by haole (white) clergy, while little else within the vision of those in the room suggested the existence ( 59 ) of anything but that which was purely Ha¬ waiian. The cessation of the death wail, which shall never be heard again, was immediately followed by a soft, sweet chanting in Ha¬ waiian of Queen Liliuokalani’s name song, which was sung the first time when the name “Liliu” was given the baby by her father. As this chant died away on the perfume- ladened air of the great room, the clergy entered and took their stand beside the dias, beginning- at once the services. At the foot of the casket, and at either side of the great puloulou (tabu-stick) of Kalakaua, stood two court officers bearing the crown jewels and decorations of Liliu- okalani. One of the officers, John T. Ba¬ ker, was under Kalakaua, Governor of the Island of Hawaii; and in later years posed for the great statue of Kamehameha I, which stands, today, on a pedestal before the judiciary building of the Territory, just across the street from the former palace. Between these two officers and imme¬ diately behind the puloulou, stood Lieut. (60) Oku, of the Imperial Japanese Navy, bear¬ ing the Japanese decoration presented her Majesty by the Mikado. With the final amen, Lucius E. Pinkham, Governor of the Territory of Hawaii, and his staff, slowly left the Throne-room, and the assemblage moved out onto the wide lanais (verandas) surrounding the old build¬ ing-, where it held its place until the feather- caped kahili, and pall bearers passed out with the casket and its inner burden of steel and royalty. At this point the burning torches, sym¬ bolic of the Kalakaua dynasty, were lighted, and their bearers took their places at the head of the catafalque, on which the casket was placed for its final journey to the royal mausoleum in Nuuanu cemetery, high up, in the valley of the same name, above the City of Honolulu. The placing of the casket upon the hand- drawn catafalque was accompanied by fur¬ ther rythmic chants, by old Hawaiians, of other rites; as the poolas (pullers), more than two hundred of them, began drawing (61) taut their black and white swathed ropes, preparatory to the journey. Never before in Hawaii, and probably never in any other part of the world, has such a funeral, uniting such diversified ele¬ ments and striking contrasts of color, cus¬ tom, nationality and settings taken place, as was Liliuokalani's. And nowhere but in Hawaii—and that never again—could such a picture be produced as was given to sight of the thousands, as the Queen’s casket was borne on its black-silk-crepe-hung cata¬ falque to the royal mausoleum. When Liliuokalani breathed her last, the land she loved so well was being visited by a large party of United States Congressmen ; the famous Ishii mission was in Honolulu, en route back to its own japan, after its im¬ portant political visit to Washington, and a warship of the Flowery Kingdom was also in port. These, together with the extensive military representation on the part of the United States, paid honor to the dead queen and had place in the long and stately pro¬ cession which followed the catafalque to the (62) crypt. There were also honor contingent- from the many schools of the City. As the catafalque slowly drew away from the steps before the capital, a battalion of United States field artillery, drawn up on the spacious lawn, fired a salute of twenty- one guns, the highest honor the military is capable of conferring on the dead. Notable in the procession were several men who, as prominent figures in the revo¬ lutionary days of the monarchy, had suf¬ fered imprisonment in the cause of the queen to whom they now paid their final earthly respects. Also, was noticed an aged Ha¬ waiian woman of ninety-three winters, who insisted on walking the entire distance of more than two miles from the capital to the cemetery, that she might thereby, for the last time, do honor to her former sovereign. It is estimated that a crowd of forty thou¬ sand souls assembled, comprising a score of nationalities, crowding the line of march, to witness the last spectacle of its exact kind the world shall ever see. Oddly enough. United States Senator (63) scene at the royal mausoleum, showing a part of the floral contributions, with the Queen’s own troop of Boy Scouts William H. King, of Utah, who introduced in Congress the first resolution to annex Hawaii to the United States, was among the party of sojourning Congressmen, and he witnessed the final obsequies in honor of she who was the last queen of the kingdom which his resolution, in due time, converted into a United States Territory—but of such are the idiosyncracies of history. And while such scenes shall never be en¬ acted again, in real life, thanks to the art of photography, those just past are to live in celluloid and prints for many a day. Hun¬ dreds, if not thousands, of cameras were trained on every important ceremony and action that took place in the church, capitol, en route to the royal burial ground and there at the sanctified spot itself. Too, the moving picture men, representing the great¬ est syndicates of their kind, made reel upon reel, preserving for aye, if it be desired, a pictorial record of the passing of Hawaii’s last sovereign ; and with her the last vestige of a Kingdom relegated by the advance of modern politics to the limbo of things that (6s) were. Even unto the lowering of the casket into the crypt, where lie the bodies of Ivala- kaua and others of his dynasty, were these records continued. The films taken must be pregnant with the fact not alone was Liliu honored in death by her own people; for representatives of the races of the civilized world joined, in their presence, to pay final honor, not only as a former queen, but as a beloved woman as well, to she who, though deprived of the scepter, reigned still in the hearts of her people, for more than a score of years. The funeral procession must have been more than two miles in length, for as the last of it passed the gates of Iolani palace, the leaders stood at the mausoleum; giving a place of honor to the beautiful floral piece which Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States, had seen fit to order by cable, as his personal and official tribute to Her Majesty. There were approximately seventy contin¬ gents to the procession, including a dozen or more native Hawaiian societies. (67) Another scene at the royal burying-ground, showing corner of the mausoleum at the right. As the casket was taken down from the catafalque, at the end of its last journey and prepared for entrance into its last resting place, and while the sweet strains of “Aloha Oe,” the sweetest folk-song of Hawaii nei, and now endeared to millions of Americans as well, filled the air; unchecked and un¬ ashamed tears streamed down the cheeks of many, particularly of Hawaiians, as they sensed the actuality of the departure of the very essence of their dear monarchial days and alii. The clergy droned the burial ritual, to the accompaniment of further weird and plain¬ tive wailings by the Hawaiians who sur¬ rounded the stone parapet of the sepulchre, and the combined sounds were caught by the gentle breeze and wafted on perfumed air to the distant corners of the place of tombs. As the “Star-Spangled Banner” was played, the military stood at rigid salute, while the remainder of the reverent crowd stood with bowed, uncovered heads. A moment later the honorary pall-bear- (69) Replica of the Crown of Hawaii, the coat-of-arms of the Kalakaua dynasty, the motto of Hawaii and inscription plate, mounted on the casket of Hawaii’s last Monarch. ers wheeled the casket to the head of the stairway leading down into the crypt; and the members of the band sang "Hawaii Ponoi”—the old Hawaiian national anthem —"Hawaii Forever." The mourners drew, close and the kahili-bearers ceaselessly waved their royal wands in a fond and sad farewell. The brief ritual drew to its close as the bishop murmured the committal “Earth to earth,” etc., while another rev¬ erend formed a cross of the earth as he sprinkled it upon the casket. The casket was then placed on the car¬ riage-way down which it slipped, guided by the hands of members of the Order of Sons of Kamehameha, into the vault, while the choir chanted “Perfect Peace.’ Then again rose, in chanting song, the Queen’s own “Aloha Oe,” starting with the members of the band and taken up by the kahili bearers as the tropical zephyr carried its soft and melodious strains down with the queenly authoress thereof, into the depths of the death-manse, there to be with her down through the ages, until Gabriel’s trumpet shall awaken all sleeping souls in the eternal resurrection. (7i) Once more the wailings broke out afresh. The kukui-nut torch-bearers snuffed out their lights; and the pall-bearers returned slowly up the steps, some with streaming tears making new grooves down their per¬ spiring cheeks. From across the street boomed the grave-side salute of the United States artillerymen, reverberating in three resounding concussions, and as the last salvo died away, the gates of the vault clanged to, forever shutting out the tumultuous world from the peaceful presence of the royal remains of she who, though Queen no more, had been the most beloved—for merely the woman she was—of- all the en¬ tire line of Hawaiian Monarchs. For the soul of Liliuokalani, who had be¬ lieved devoutly in the motto handed down to her people by Kamehameha the Great, founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii, “Ua mau ka ea o ka aina i ka pono” —the life of the land is established in right¬ eousness ; and she whose personal moto, in addition to Kamehameha's, had been “Oni paa,” be steadfast — had winged its way from the soil of her late earthly realm, into the Kingdom of Eternity. (72) v-' I