Weill !iit 
 
 !|ander$tylle^ Spailu, lllaj 
 
 By, (]Qi^s. Lc. D. tOHi.nsoM, 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 George Washington Flowers 
 
 
 
 Memorial Collection 
 
 
 
 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 
 
 ESTABLISHED BY THE 
 
 
 
 FAMILY OF 
 
 
 
 COLONEL FLOWERS 
 
 
 
 Pamphlet Collection 
 Duke University Library 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/sketchesofaugustOOwhit 
 
CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, AUGUSTA, GA. 
 
Sketches of Augusta. Ga, 
 
 SANDERSVILLE, SPARTA, MADISON, WAYNESBORO, 
 
 AND 
 
 OF ATLANTA, GA. 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 To the People of Augusta, the most bkautiful City in thk Soi;th, with tlie 
 earnest wish tiiat tlie City may continue to grow in Commercial importance for tlie 
 next twenty years, as it has in the past ten, I dedicate these unwortliy sicetchcs. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
Sketches of Augusta, Ga. 
 
 fiHERE lingers around the beautiful city of Augusta, 
 ^ a touch of antiquity. There is a kind of ante-belhnn 
 glory shining on these old aristocratic homes, which 
 will shine forever — very suggestive of the luxury and ease 
 in which the old-time Southerner lived, taking but little 
 thought — " wherewithal ye shall be clothed and fed." 
 
 There were no sleepless nights of real agony then ; no 
 gaunt visions of poverty stared one in the face. The 
 shock came — and then, real Southern manhood asserted 
 itself Let the history of the past fifteen years tell that 
 story. 
 
 I cannot help but think, as I stroll leisurely down Greene 
 street, what if the old houses could talk — what if these 
 old trees, that have stood like sentinels at their post for so 
 many long years — what if they had voices and could tell 
 what they have seen — what tales they would tell of young 
 lovers plighting their troth under the soft Southern starlit 
 skies, drinking as only hot blooded, impetuous youth can 
 drink, of every cup of bliss, over which the young imagi- 
 nation loves to linger in its passionate visions of delight. 
 
 The soft rose-hues of the day are fast dying out there, 
 and the city of Augusta will soon be lost amidst a pile of 
 sombre, picturesque shadows, I wish I could paint this 
 lovely Southern city as it deserves, I wish my pen were 
 equal to the task of describing its graceful, charming, fas- 
 cinating people — the people of Augusta, whose lofty pres- 
 tige and chivalrous deeds entitle them to be classed a race 
 of heroes. I wish that my pen could but ever so faintly 
 portray the music of the waters that tune the wheels of 
 Augusta's manifold industries as they come over the falls. 
 
4 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 When the roar of the gulf of destruction burst over this 
 startled land, the Star of the South went down in the mid- 
 night of defeat. Smiles came but seldom in those days, 
 and on every side was heard the voice of despair. Then 
 it was that Georgia, the Empire State of the South, arose 
 from her stupefaction, and took the lead in the work of 
 rehabihtation. 
 
 See now how the waste places have blossomed into 
 beauty. Think of the destitution there must be in the 
 homes of the lowly," were it not for the hundreds of in- 
 dustrial enterprises around Augusta, Columbus, and other 
 Southern cities. 
 
 Think of the poor little children going to sleep in their 
 tattered blankets, while only a faint glow comes from 
 their own hearthstones, as the snow drifts up in the hol- 
 lows, and the winds sob eeriely around the house corners ! 
 Think of the mother hushing their cries of hunger with 
 kisses, while her own heart is breaking, for God knows it 
 is a "most bitter lot to be poor when it snows." Think 
 of all this, and bless the gentlemen who organized the 
 manufactories, and have given employment to so many 
 families, and provided them with comfortable quarters. 
 
 Augusta, situated on the Savannah river, has a 
 population of about 30,000, including the suburban vil- 
 lages. It is a very old city, having been laid off by 
 authority of the British Government, in the year 1735. 
 Augusta was once the capital of Georgia, and the Legis- 
 lature used to assemble in the old court house that stood 
 on the bank of the river. The "great fire" which devas- 
 tated ten or eleven squares of the city, occurred on April 
 3d, 1829, beginning in the evening, reducing a third of 
 the town to ashes, burning four or five hundred houses, 
 and causing a loss of a million of dollars to the city. 
 
 Augusta is an historic city, having been the theatre of a 
 hard lought battle between the British and Amcriean 
 
SKETCHES OF A U GUST A, 5 
 
 troops in 1780, when Colonel Clark made an unsuccessful 
 attempt to take the post from Colonel Brown, the British 
 commander. A later attack was more successful, result- 
 ing in the capture of the entire town and garrison. The 
 Americans constructed an ingenious tower of logs, over- 
 looking the fort, enabling them to command the town, 
 which resulted in its capture. This tower was located at 
 the intersection of Broad and Lincoln streets. (See Guide 
 to Augusta.) 
 
 General Washington visited Augusta on the i8th May, 
 1 79 1, Governor Telfair acting as host on that occasion. 
 
 The first bridge across the Savannah river was built by 
 Wade Hampton, and was washed away by the Yazoo 
 fireshet, in 1796. 
 
 Augusta was incorporated as a city in Janu9.ry, 1798. 
 The first theatre was built in 1798. Among the 07t dits of 
 the city, is that the elder Booth played here just before its 
 destruction by fire, in 1823. The famous Joe Jefferson 
 played in the new theatre erected shortly afterwards, when 
 in the early developement of his histrionic talent. 
 
 The population of Richmond county approximates fifty 
 thousand at present. 
 
 About thirty companies went into the Confederate armies. 
 
 In front of the City Hall stands a monument — old and 
 discolored — erected in memoriam of the Georgia signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence — Walton, Gwinnett and 
 Hall. It is in the shape of an obelisk, and is fifty feet in 
 height, costing ;^3,ooo. It was erected in 185 i. 
 
 Fronting the St. James Methodist Church is a cenotaph, 
 erected by the St. James Sunday School, in memory of 
 those who were once teachers and scholars in the school, 
 and fell in the "Lost Cause." This lovely marble shaft 
 was unveiled in 1874. 
 
 The names of the dead Confederates of Richmond county 
 
6 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 are inscribed on the shaft, of which there are 292 soldiers, 
 25 of them being commissioned, and 32 non-commissioned 
 officers. (These facts are gleaned from the Guide to 
 Augusta.) 
 
 Why should we not love their memory ? — the memories 
 of these old Confederate soldiers, who fought to the end, 
 staggering, falling — defiant to the last — whose feet left 
 blood marks on the abatis through which they went at the 
 enemy. I wish we could erect monuments in every city 
 in the South that would reach to the skies, as high as the 
 moon and stars. As I write I see from my window, sharply 
 defined against a gray March sky, the Confederate Monu- 
 ment, in memory of the dead of Richmond county, who 
 fell in the Southern army. This monument is sublime in 
 conception, and is seventy-two feet high. On the summit 
 stands a Confederate private with his canteen and musket, 
 while twenty feet from the base are the statues of Lee, 
 Jackson, Cobb, and General William Henry Walker. 
 
 This imposing monument was designed in Philadelphia, 
 and the work executed at Carrara, Italy. There are Con- 
 federate emblems in bas relief m the second section. The 
 cost of the monument was something over ;^ 17, 000, and 
 was erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association of Augusta. 
 
 It was my good fortune to have been present at the un- 
 veiling of Stonewall Jackson's statue, at Richmond, Virginia, 
 on the 26th day of October, 1875. Through the courtesy 
 of that distinguished gentleman, Dr. J. William Jones, I 
 had the first seat at the window of the Hall of Delegates, 
 in the capitol, there being only five other ladies allowed in 
 the room. There were thirty thousand strangers in Rich- 
 mond on that occasion. The military had come from every 
 part of the United States. The decorations of the city 
 were magnificent. Looking from the capitol window, one 
 saw a vast sea of human heads. Free from the dust and 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 7 
 
 heat, and discomforts of the surging, seething crowd below, 
 struggHng to **see," I was ^ 'happy," and felt myself favored 
 beyond mortals. And, still the crowd came, and clam.ored 
 for places. I looked down upon a vast sea of upturned, 
 anxious, eager faces. In front of the speaker's stand, Dr. 
 Hoge, was a vacant space, enclosed by ropes. Everybody 
 asked who it was for. Nobody knew. Just before the 
 speaking began, the old battered remnant of the "Stonewall 
 Brigade" solemnly filed in, one by one, and took their 
 places in front of the veiled statue of their dead commander. 
 They led in half dozen old, battered, worn-out horses, 
 literally seamed with scars. What was left of the old 
 brigade wore the "Stonewall" badge. I held my breath 
 as I looked at the men. These are the men that follovv^ed 
 the ringing voice of Jackson at Cross Keys, at Port Re- 
 publique, and down the Shenandoah Valley! These are 
 the men that were with him as he swooped down like an 
 eagle on the startled enemy at Chancellorsville. This was 
 what was left of the ^'Stonewall Brigade." 
 
 When the canvass was torn away, the bronze image of 
 Jackson stood before them with his cap in his hand. That 
 vast multitude was silent for a moment — as silent as the 
 grave. Then such cheers arose as I never expect to hear 
 again. Hundreds of military companies had gathered to- 
 gather from every part of the Union. They kept up a 
 continuous firing for an hour, while the cannon roared and 
 shook to its very foundations Richmond, the Holy, Holy 
 city, for which a hecatomb of national troops had been 
 sacrificed to open its gates. 
 
 When the Teuton fist struck France, the invincible, as 
 she reeled onward toward her ruin, like a Bacchus, crowned 
 and drunken, the infuriated soldiery tore down the column 
 of the Vendome, in their insane hatred of the dead Na- 
 poleon, but to their credit be it said, when Grant's army 
 entered Richmond, no sacrilegious hands defaced the monu- 
 
8 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 ments in Capitol Square, for which the true heart of every 
 Virginian thanks them. 
 
 The city of Augosta is one of the largest and most im- 
 portant cotton ports in the South. The annual cotton re- 
 ceipts of Augusta amount to 200,000 bales, bringing many 
 millions of dollars into the city, through the spacious and 
 numerous warehouses. 
 
 All strangers are charmed with the beauty of the city, 
 and speak of it afterwards with the most rapturous terms 
 of admiration. Greene street is very beautiful with its four 
 rows of shade trees, affording a most delightful coolness in 
 warm weather, as well as a most charming promenade. 
 Broad, the principal business street, is a handsome, well 
 lighted thoroughfare, a mile in length. There is no sham 
 about Augusta. Everything is solid, solid capital, solid 
 people, proud, dignified and independent, of course. The 
 city is two miles and a half in length, and a mile and a half 
 in width, and the streets are well kept, and handsome. 
 Augusta is especially noted for its beautiful ladies. The 
 elegance, the polish, and the gallantry of the gentlemen is 
 too well known abroad to need any comment, as well as 
 their ambition, which leads them to sit in high places and 
 wear the "purple and fine linen." 
 
 The Augusta Factory. 
 
 The Augusta Factory stands an everlasting m.onument 
 to the men who first projected it. Its long and unbroken 
 prosperity has made it famous all over the world. It is a 
 living example of the capabilities of the South, being the 
 first one ever erected in this section of Georgia. The 
 Augusta Factory was established is 1847, ^^id has been 
 under its present management since 1858. The success of 
 this factory stands a landmark, cheering those disposed to 
 faint by the way-side. Up to the time it fell into the hands 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 9 
 
 of its present owners, it had but indifferent success. In 
 1858 the Augusta Factory was purchased by a company 
 of thirteen men, with Mr. William E. Jackson chosen as 
 President. It was bought for ^140,000, to be paid in ten 
 years, by instalments. The purchasers added ;^6o,ooo cash, 
 which was spent in improvements. The ^140,000 pur- 
 chase money was paid from the earnings of the mill. In 
 1865, the President issued three shares for one, making the 
 stock ^600,000 instead of ^200,000. From the 15th July, 
 1865, to July i8th, 1880, inclusive, the dividends actually 
 paid to the stockholders aggregated 1,407,000, or 234^ 
 per cent, on the stock of ;^6oo,ooo, in sixteen years. 
 
 From the earnings, the mill has been enlarged, additional 
 machinery purchased, and a great many handsome and 
 comfortable brick tenements added to the property, so that 
 now the factory, with its real estate, is valued at ^ 1,000,000, 
 with a surplus of ^318, 198 29 standing on the credit side of 
 profit and loss. (See C. & C. Trade Issue, Sept., 188 1.) 
 
 The unselfish and noble liberality which Messrs. Cogin, 
 Jackson, and the directors have subscribed to the nezv 
 mills already erected, and in course of construction, show 
 that they have confidence, in their own enterprise, and 
 great faith in the future prosperity of the city of Augusta. 
 
 The last report, June 30, 1881, showed the following: 
 
 Balance Profit and Loss Account, June 12, 1880 1318,198 29 
 
 Gross earnings to June 11, 1881 188,442 18 
 
 Old machineiy sold 3,360 00 
 
 Total, $460,000 47 
 
 Amounts Chaeged to Peofit and Loss. 
 
 Repairs account $6,385 51 
 
 Tttxes and w^er rent 17,480 21 
 
 Interest 10,724 21 
 
 Expenses 8,994 46 
 
 Insurance , 5,228 87 
 
 New machinery 26,340 24 
 
 Dividends Nos. 84, 85, 86, and 87 54 000 00 
 
 $129,153 84 
 
 Balance Cr. Profit and Loss Account, June 11, 1881 330,846 63 
 
10 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 The remaining bonds ;^8, 000, due November i, 1880, were 
 paid on presentation. Mr. Jackson also purchased ;^ 1,500 
 of those maturing November i, 1881, and ^500 of those 
 maturing in 1882, making a reduction of the bonded debt 
 for the year ;^io,ooo, and havingnow ;^i43,ooo outstanding. 
 The sinking fund to be used for the redemption of the 
 Augusta Factory bonds, as they mature, has on hand $3,000 
 city of Augusta seven per cent, bonds. 
 
 The productions of the Augusta mills is 15,500,000 
 yards per year, consisting of shirtings, sheetings, drillings, 
 etc. Number of spindles, 25,200 ; looms, 788 ; operatives, 
 700, being all white, and natives. Mr. Cogin declares he 
 has the best class of operatives he has ever had under him. 
 
 The average dividends since the war has been fourteen 
 per cent., paid quarterly. 
 
 There has never been an hour lost from derangement of 
 machinery since Mr. Cogin has had charge of the mill. 
 They stop work on Christmas day and for May day pic-nics. 
 
 Mr. Francis Cogin, Superintendent, has lived all his life 
 among mills, having a thorough and most complete knowl- 
 edge of everything, to the minutest detail, connected with 
 cotton mills. He is one of the pleasantest — most delight- 
 fully congenial, as well as intelligent gentlemen we have 
 ever had the pleasure of knowing, and it was a real pleasure 
 to meet him. Mr. Cogin has been Superintendent of the 
 Augusta mill since 1858, and has accumulated a very hand- 
 some fortune in Augusta, having considerable stock in the 
 Enterprise Factory, also owning a third interest in the 
 Chronicle office, besides a great deal of real estate. Mr. 
 Cogin is a native of Nashua, New Hampshire. When only 
 fifteen years of age he was employed in the Jackson Cor- 
 poration, Indian Head, Nashua ; was also in the Chicopee 
 Mills fifteen years, and is thoroughly posted; has a most 
 accurate, thorough and practical knowledge of everything 
 connected with cotton mills. It was a fortunate thing for 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 1 1 
 
 Augusta when he accepted the management of the Augusta 
 Factory, the duties of which he has discharged to the en- 
 tire satisfaction of all concerned. 
 
 Mr. WiUiam E. Jackson, President of the company, is an 
 old and honored citizen of Augusta, and one of the pillars 
 of the city. 
 
 The Enterprise Manufacturing Company 
 
 was organized in 1877, George T. Jackson being elected 
 President, and Otis G. Lynch, Superintendent. It began 
 with 7,700 spindles and 152 looms. In 1878, it doubled 
 to 14,000 spindles and 264 looms. In 188 1, it doubled 
 again to 28,000 spindles and 642 looms. At such startling 
 rates as these, there is no telling to what mammoth pro- 
 portions it may finally reach. 
 
 On the 23d February, 188 1, there was declared a divi- 
 dend of ten per cent, on the earnings of the mill, after 
 which it was unanimously decided to increase the number 
 of spindles and looms, and to build a mammoth extension. 
 
 The capital of the Enterprise Manufacturing Company 
 is ;^500,ooo, and the almost unprecedented success which 
 has attended it from its very commencement makes the 
 Enterprise a formidable rival. The prospective capacity 
 is 35,000 spindles, and 900 looms. 
 
 The future of the city of Augusta is radiant with promise. 
 It is bound, in all reason, to be t/ie manufacturing city of 
 the South. There is no reason why Augusta should not 
 have a 100,000 population in twenty years. It is perfectly 
 wonderful how many new enterprises are springing into 
 existence every day. Every new enterprise adds to her 
 national importance, and increases the taxable property of 
 the city. The Sibley Mills have called in ;^ i , 000,000 and the 
 John P. King Manufacturing Company ^200,000. Rich- 
 mond county will have an increase of taxable property this 
 year amounting to over a million of dollars. Think of it, 
 
12 SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 Augusta people ! Where is your prosperity likely to end ? 
 You are disposed to laugh at Atlanta for sounding its 
 praise abroad. To-day, Atlanta is the best advertised city 
 in the Union, of its size. See what it has done in sixteen 
 years, with no natural advantages whatever, except it 
 being the gate way of the South, and its exceptionally 
 desirable climate, having an altitude of 1,150 feet. 
 
 The city of Augusta — her cotton factories — her railroads, 
 and her progress, ought to be published in every city in 
 the United States. Why, Augusta is the prettiest city in 
 the world. There is everything here to make it a paradise 
 on earth. You are in the midst of the finest cotton grow- 
 ing country in the world ; you have all the water you want 
 to turn a million of spindles. You area solid people, solid 
 capital, with everything to make you prosperous and happy. 
 You are on the high road to wealth, and fame and impor- 
 tance abroad. 
 
 Georgia is far ahead of any Southern State in fiitanceSy 
 in enterprise and energy^ and commands more respect in 
 the commercial circles of the East than any Southern State. 
 The Readjusters have ruined Virginia. The political situa- 
 tion of Tennessee is most deplorable, although the soil of 
 Tennessee is far richer and more productive than the soil 
 of Georgia. Such a thing as chemical fertilizers is unheard 
 of in Tennessee. 
 
 The following comprises a list of the officers of the Enter- 
 prise Factory : George T. Jackson, President ; N. W. 
 Armstrong, Secretary ; Otis G. Lynch, Superintendent. 
 Directors are Messrs. W. E. Jackson, W. T. Wheeless, 
 George M. Thew, Austin Mullarky, Francis Cogin and 
 James P. Verdery. 
 
 The demand for the Enterprise Factory goods has in- 
 creased steadily from the beginning. Northern firms buy 
 largely. There is ^also a large foreign demand for the 
 goods. The management of the mill has been conducted 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 13 
 
 with consumate skill and ability from its first organization. 
 The factory is an exceedingly handsome building, the archi- 
 tect displaying great skill and taste. There is a pretty 
 tower in the centre of the building, lOO feet high. The 
 doors of the factory are hung so as to be opened by push- 
 ing it from either side, rendering escape easy in case of fire. 
 The boiler room is fire proof. It is heated at the north 
 east corner of the building and has a chimney 96 feet in 
 height. The people of Augusta are very proud of the 
 Enterprise Manufacturing Company. 
 
 The Georgia Chemical Works. 
 
 Officers: President, Alfred Baker; Treasurer and Busi- 
 ness Manager, M. A. Stovall ; Chemist and Superintendent, 
 C. B. F. Lowe. The works are located about a mile from 
 the city, and cover nearly 400,000 square feet of ground. 
 Four railroad tracks enter the yard, employing the com- 
 pany's own locomotives and fire engines. The works are 
 driven by 100 horse power engine ; employ 140 hands ; 
 63,000 pounds of brimstone are consumed per week in 
 making sulphuric acid; capacity of the chambers, 200,000 
 cubic feet. Brimstone is imported directly from Sicily ; 
 nitrate of soda from Peru ; potash salts from Germany j 
 phosphate rock from Navassa Island, West Indies ; bone 
 and ammoniated materials from the North and West. 
 
 The phosphate rock in its original condition is unfit for 
 plant food — cannot be assimilated. Mechanical grinding 
 not being sufficient, it must be divided by chemical means. 
 This is done by uniting it with acid, which makes the valua- 
 ble constituents soluble. Sulphuric acid is made by com- 
 bining sulphur and oxygen. This combination cannot be 
 made directly. The sulphur has not the power to take 
 from the atmospheric air the oxygen it is ready to give, 
 and an intermediary agent is found in the nitrate of potash, 
 burnt with the sulphur — this substance yielding first its 
 
14 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 own oxygen to the greedy sulphur, which re-suppHes itself 
 immediately from the air, only to again yield it up to the 
 sulphur. The making of the guanos is conducted with the 
 utmost care and exactness, every ingredient being most 
 carefully weighed and analyzed before being used, and the 
 finished piodiict again subjected to analysis. There are 
 three substances which make guanos valuable, namely : 
 ammonia, phosphoric acid and potash. 
 
 The wheel that drives all the machinery weighs i5,COO 
 pounds. There are five chambers 155 feet by 32 wide, 
 and 22 feet in height. 
 
 The works were established in 1876, and have been a 
 most fruitful source of revenue, with still greater promise 
 for the future. The Georgia Chemical Works was an ex- 
 periment for the South, but has proved a great success. 
 It is both curious and interesting to those who have that 
 turn of mind, to go through the entire establishment and 
 see the manifold ingredients which combine to make phos- 
 phates. There are rooms full of dried blood, costing $60 
 per ton, rich in fertilizing properties, from the immense 
 slaughter pens of the West ; great piles of dried fish and 
 bones, from every quarter of the globe, lava from Vesuvius, 
 something from everywhere to enrich the guanos made by 
 the company. 
 
 The great trouble in applying the fertilizers is, that the 
 farmers are not educated up to that point where they know 
 and understand what particular phosphate is needed for 
 certain kinds of soil. Consequently, through their own 
 wilful ignorance, they often buy what they do not need — 
 and, of course, throw away that much money. Mr. Lowe, 
 the accomplished chemist and superintendent, earnestly 
 requests that each planter bring to him a specimen of the 
 soil, that he may analyze it, and be able to inform him 
 what especial phosphate he needs, each one being especially 
 adapted to certain classes of soils. The increase in yield 
 
SKETGHES OF AUGUSTA, 15 
 
 in crops upon which these fertilizers are used, over unma" 
 nured lands, is said to be threefold. 
 
 The company have a paid up capital of over ;^200,ooo. 
 They have extended their local agencies over all the rail- 
 roads in Georgia, and are introducing them in all the 
 Southern States. It is most interesting to witness the 
 immense mills in operation which crush the powerful rock 
 to a powder, almost as fine as flour, for the purpose of 
 composting. The company only manufacture one ton at 
 a time, which is personally inspected by Mr. Lowe, no 
 dirt or foreign substance allowed in these compounds, the 
 base of the fertilizer being dissolved bone phosphate in 
 every instance. 
 
 The immense leaden chambers through which such large 
 quantities of sulphuric acid are generated and condensed, 
 reminds one of Dante's Inferno — conveying a solemn warn- 
 ing to "flee from the wrath to come." 
 
 The Summerville Mills. 
 
 The site of these mills is one of the most beautiful in 
 Augusta. The view from the mill down the canal and 
 river is magnificent. Mr. G. P. Curry, President and 
 owner, bought these mills three years ago. They have 
 been in full operation ever since, and have turned out 
 thousands of yards of beautifully finished goods, making 
 a specialty of checks and plaids ; in fact, manufacturing 
 those alone. These goods are sold throughout the United 
 States, and are much in demand. Their largest trade is 
 in St. Louis and Memphis, notwithstanding they ship 
 largely to New York and Boston, also to Salt Lake city. 
 The Summerville Mills have looo spindles, 150 looms, and 
 175 operatives. C. W. Holbrook, a Northern gentleman, 
 is Superintendent. He put up all the machinery of the 
 Summerville Mills. These mills have a fall of 32 feet of 
 water. The wheel that runs the machinery is only 27 
 
16 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 inches in diameter, being, of course, very small. These 
 mills consume five bales of cotton per day. It is quite in- 
 teresting to watch the fleecy staple pass through its mani- 
 fold operations previous to becoming cloth. The demand 
 for the Summerville ''check" is very great, while they 
 have always given satisfaction. There is a dyeing es- 
 tablishment connected with the mill, everything being 
 complete pertaining to it. 
 
 Mr. Curry is also President of the Exchange Bank, No. 
 633 Broad street. He is a plain, practical, eminently sen- 
 sible gentleman, having a great contempt for drones of 
 every description. 
 
 Mr. Curry is a cousin of Dr. Curry of Richmond. He 
 had the rank of captain in the late war, and has been in 
 the brokerage business since then, his only son, George P. 
 Curry being associated with him. 
 
 BoNDURANT, JOPLING & Co. 
 
 Situated upon the south-eastern border of Augusta, is 
 the most famous and extensive brick yard in the South. 
 The firm is composed of Messrs. J. P. Bondurant, W. B. 
 Jopling, of Augusta, and Mr. William B. Lowe, of Atlanta. 
 Their establishment covers seventy acres of ground, and 
 they employ 250 hands. Their manufactory is known as 
 the old DeLaigle Brick Yard, established a hundred 
 years ago. Seven-eights of all the brick ever made in 
 Augusta was furnished from these yards. Moore & Marsh's 
 wholesale house, Atlanta, costing ;^ 150, 000, is built of 
 brick made here. The firm does a business of 15,000,000 
 brick annually, and will make this year 20,000,000, amount- 
 ing to ;^ 1 50,000. They make both the pressed and com- 
 mon brick, burn 500,000 brick at a time, and yearly 
 consume ^20,000 worth of wood in the burning of these 
 brick. They are using now a new process, which shortens 
 the time of burning two and a half days, and the **Ashbury 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 17 
 
 Patent," which economises fuel to the extent of one-third 
 of the usual supply. The firm consume about four acres 
 of clay yearly, reaching to a depth of from twelve to fifteen 
 feet. They work in the yards lOO convicts, leased from 
 the State penitentiary. There is in the minds of many 
 people a great prejudice against convict labor. These un- 
 fortunates who wear the badge of their servitude seem 
 quite happy and contented, although one occasionally 
 takes French leave, usually to be brought back, and some 
 body else made " happy " by a reward of ^25 or ;^5o. It 
 is just to say, these convicts are treated with the utmost 
 kindness and consideration, and that they are quite as 
 respectful and polite as the other laborers. The present 
 firm have conducted the business for the past ten years, 
 increasing their annual production fully one-third for the 
 past five years. 
 
 Their works are bounded on the west by the Central 
 Railroad, east by the Georgia Chemical Works, South 
 Boundary street and Port Royal & Augusta Railway Co.'s 
 track. They work their steam revolving brick makers, 
 feeding them with finely prepared clay, obtained from their 
 own lands. The brick are turned out at the rate of sixty 
 per minute, after which they are piled up upon smooth 
 platforms to dry. Three or four days after, they are ar- 
 ranged in layers within great kilns, fired from beneath and 
 allowed to burn for seven days, and then cooled down, 
 and then they are ready to fill the thousands of orders 
 from everywhere in the South, piled on their office desk. 
 
 The handsom.e ''Brown Block," belonging to Senator 
 Joseph E. Brown, opposite the Passenger depot, in Atlanta, 
 was built of brick furnished from the Augusta works, and 
 the new City Hall in Atlanta is being built of brick from 
 Augusta. The Augusta Brick Works furnish brick as far 
 north as Wilmington, N. C, and are becoming formidable 
 rivals of Northern and Eastern markets. 
 
18 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 Captain Bondurant is a Virginian, and an exceedingly 
 courteous and affable gentleman, and as kind hearted a man 
 as one would wish to see. He takes great pleasure in show- 
 ing visitors through his works, and explaining the modus 
 operandi, and if one fails in presenting his works in a lucid 
 way, he must attribute it to an error of the head, and not 
 a want of intending to please. We do wish Captain Bon- 
 durant personally all the success that ever falls to mortals, 
 and his firm, too. But when our mind is filled with Htgh 
 Protective Tariff, Judiciary Committees, Liberalism and Com- 
 munism, Esthetics, etc.f one cannot remember everything 
 one hears. 
 
 William B. Lowe, of the firm, is a popular and well 
 known Atlanta gentleman. 
 
 Thompson & Heindel. 
 
 This extensive manufactory of doors, sash, blinds, etc., 
 (see business card among advertisements) was located here 
 in 1868. Beginning with almost nothing, the firm now do 
 a business amounting to ;^ 125,000 a year. They employ 
 about 200 hands, and ship goods to all the Southern States, 
 and have also a large foreign demand. 
 
 Their large and handsome warerooms are located at No. 
 310 Jackson street, being dealers in paints, oils, brushes, 
 white lead, zinc, windov/ glass, and builders' hardware, 
 doing a popular and profitable business. 
 
 In Emanuel county, Messrs. Thompson & Heindel own 
 eleven miles of railroad, for their own personal use, for 
 transporting the lumber from the two saw mills owned by 
 themselves, to the Central Railroad. The saw mills in 
 Emanuel county are under the superintendence of Mr. 
 George S. Heindel, a popular and well known gentleman of 
 Augusta. The firm of Thompson & Heindel have practi- 
 cally demonstrated to the world that nothing ''succeeds 
 like success," and if ever a firm deserved to succeed, it 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 surely is this one. Prompt to fill orders, men of strict in- 
 tegrity and honor, polite and affable to customers, devoting 
 themselves closely to their business, early and late — they 
 deserve to succeed. Mr. Jesse Thompson is a native of 
 Camden, South Carolina. He came to Augusta in 1852, 
 and was for a long time employed in the Augusta Factory, 
 about ten years. Mr. Thompson was in the Confederate 
 service from January 8, 1 861, to the close of the war, in 
 the 1st South Carolina Regiment, Captain John Milledge's 
 company, and was a gallant soldier. It may sound stereo- 
 typed, and like affectation, but let a man have ever worn 
 the "gray," and it will always be an earnest appeal to every 
 true hearted Southerner, for sympathy, and love and re- 
 spect. 
 
 The Sibley Manufacturing Company. 
 
 The most magnificent mill building in the world is loca- 
 ted at Augusta, under the above heading. It is considered 
 by accomplished Northern heads of cotton mills to be the 
 completest in interior details and appliances of any on the 
 globe. In every respect the Sibley Manufacturing Com- 
 pany is considered to represent the most advanced com- 
 mercial movement ever taken in the South, up to the 
 present. 
 
 A large and enthusiastic crowd of ladies and gentlemen 
 assembled on the 22d February to witness the water 
 turned on the mills, and the machinery put in motion. 
 The Sibley building represents a length ot 532 feet, a width 
 of 76 feet, and a height of four stories, each fifteen feet 
 high. The company was organized May, 1880, began 
 building October, 1880, and finished January, 1882; have 
 at present 19,200 spindles, and run over 600 looms. When 
 complete will have 37,600 spindles and 1,000 looms, and 
 will give employment to 1,000 hands. 
 
20 SKETCHES OF A UG VST A, 
 
 The Georgia Railroad 
 
 is the second oldest road in the South — the South CaroHna 
 Road, from Augusta to Charleston being the oldest. The 
 Georgia Road was chartered in 183 1, and began operations 
 in 1835, nearly fifty years ago. The officers of the Georgia 
 Road are now operating 307 miles of road under their im- 
 mediate management. The Georgia Road is a pare and 
 connecting with the Wadley syndicate, embracing the 
 Central Road of Georgia, the South Western, the Macon 
 & Western Road, the Western Road of Alabama, the 
 Montgomery & Eufaula Road, the Port Royal & Augusta 
 Railway and the Atlanta & West Point. It is also closely 
 allied with the Western & Atlantic Road of Georgia, and 
 the Louisville & Nashville system. These lines form one 
 of the grandest combinations in the United States. Last 
 April the Georgia Road was leased for ninety-nine years, 
 to Mr. W^adley and the Louisville & Nashville Railroad 
 for the annual rental of ;^6oo,ooo. The stockholders warmly 
 applauded the action of the directors. 
 
 The di"stance from Atlanta to Augusta is 171 miles. 
 The road bed is level, and the track in excellent order. 
 The equipment of the Georgia Road is first class in every 
 respect, the accommodations all that could be desired. 
 
 The Georgia Road officials, from the President down to 
 the Way Freight Conductors are the politest and most ac- 
 commodating gentlemen in the United States. I know 
 whereof I speak, for I have run up to Atlanta from Stone 
 Mountain on the 10 o'clock morning freights, the distance 
 being sixteen miles — dozens of times. There are com- 
 fortable cabs provided on the Way Freight for passengers, 
 and they are generally full, and the conductors are just as 
 clever as the days are long. We are always glad to see 
 the smiling face of Captain Harris and Mr. Blassengame ; 
 and we were sorry when poor Chfistiajz lost his place, for 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 21 
 
 nmning ahead of time. And, then, Captain Boyd, on the 
 "Covington Accommodation." He is worth his weight in 
 gold. He stops his train about every five minutes, all the 
 way from Atlanta to Stone Mountain, to let somebody off. 
 Last year his friends along the line, that go with him to 
 Atlanta every day, made him up a purse of ^75 00, and 
 presented it to him one morning, for a New Year's gift. He 
 was so overcome that ''words were inadequate," so he rang 
 his bell and hurried off his train. Captain James Purcell 
 is the oldest conductor in the United States. He has been 
 in the service of the Georgia Railroad thirty-two years. 
 Captain Walsh, twenty-nine; Captain Brannon, twenty- 
 five ; Captain Davis, twenty-six. 
 
 The total earnings of the Georgia Railroad for the year 
 ending April I were, from passengers and mail, ;^337,2I3 67, 
 and from freights and express, ^1,032,750 75, making 
 a total of ^1,369,964 42. The net earnings of the Georgia 
 Road amount to -^414,521 91. The movement of cotton 
 last year, and fertilizers, etc., was largely in excess of any 
 previous year in the history of the road. 
 
 Harry Hill, a handsome, aristocratic young conductor 
 on the Georgia Road, made himself quite famous last 
 summer for putting off his train a Pittsburg commercial 
 traveler who refused to put his coat on in the ladies' car, 
 after having three times been politely requested to do so. 
 The officials of the Georgia Road warmly sustained Mr. 
 Hill in his action, and for his firmness. Doubtless, this 
 most astute and far-seeing gentleman saw in the future 
 "heavy damages" resulting therefrom, but the ways of 
 men and mice gang aft aglee.'' The Pittsburg man sued 
 the Georgia Road for ^10,000. The jury stood nine (or 
 giving him nothing, and were three in favor of giving him 
 one or two hundred dollars, which resulted in a mistrial, 
 and is looked on as a great victory for the road. Conductors 
 shoidd have the same right to demand of their passengers, 
 
22 
 
 SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 conformity to certain rules of etiquette as the proprietor of 
 a hotel has to require that his guests conform to the rules 
 and regulations of the hotel. . At any rate, Mr. Hill has 
 made himself quite famous by the early development of 
 his executive ability, and decision of character. If he does 
 not make his mark later in life, we confess to being no 
 prophet. 
 
 Major John W. Green, General Manager of the Georgia 
 Road, is considered one of the most accomplished Railroad 
 men in the South, having been extensively connected with 
 various roads at different times. He is a native of Mcin- 
 tosh county, Georgia, and a civil engineer by profession. 
 There was not a braver or more gallant officer in the Con- 
 federate army than Major John W. Green. His war record 
 was splendid. 
 
 Colonel Dorsey, General Passenger Agent, is a Balti- 
 morean, and a prominent and popular official who has been 
 connected with the road a number of years. 
 
 Mr. Carlton Hillyer, son of Judge Junius Hillyer, of 
 Decatur, and brother of Judge George Hillyer, has been 
 Auditor of the Georgia Railroad since 1869. 
 
 The Georgia Railroad Bank 
 
 is the oldest and most reliable bank in the South. It 
 was chartered in 1S35 amendment to the charter of 
 
 the Georgia Railroad. It is the only bank that was in ex- 
 istence before the war. It was originally chartered for 
 thirty years. 
 
 After the war banking privileges were renewed for thirty 
 years, dating from 1870. The Georgia Railroad Bank has 
 no capital, but operates on deposits. Their average divi- 
 dends are ten per cent. , paid every three months. 
 
 Mr. John P. King was President of the Georgia Rail- 
 road and Bank for thirty-six years ; Mr. King was a U. S. 
 
SKETCHES OF A TIG USTA. 23 
 
 Senator in 1834. Gen. E. P. Alexander succeeded Mr. 
 King as President of the road and bank, who was in turn 
 succeeded two years ago by Mr, Charles Phinizy, a mem- 
 ber of an old wealthy and aristocratic Augusta family. 
 Mr. Phinizy graduated at the State University in 1853; 
 was in the Confederate service as Adjutant-General with 
 the command of Gen. Alfred B. Gumming. 
 
 Mr. Phinizy is a high toned gentleman in the eld Soiith- 
 eim acceptation of the term, which means a good deal in this 
 day of usurpers and shoddyism. He has the frankest, 
 pleasantest manners I ever saw. 
 
 The Augusta Canal. 
 
 The w^ork of constructing the Augusta Canal was com- 
 menced in 1845 and completed in 1847. The dimensions 
 were forty feet surface with twenty feet bottom, and five 
 feet deep, affording a total mechanical effect of six hun- 
 dred horse power. The increased growth of the city de- 
 manded a larger supply of water, so the canal was in- 
 creased to seven feet depth of rate, which was still found 
 inadequate to supply the demand. In the spring of 1 871, 
 Hon. Charles Estes, Mayor, asked for authority to have a 
 survey of the enlargement and an estimate of the cost of 
 the work made. The authority was granted, and the 
 question of enlargement submitted to and adopted by the 
 people. 
 
 The work was begun in March, 1872, and completed in 
 July, 1875, at a cost of ^972,883 1 5, the engineer in charge 
 being Mr. Holley, and the enlargement made under the 
 supervision of Mr. Estes. 
 
 The present dimensions of the canal are as follows : 
 length of main canal or first level, seven miles, (trade 
 issue,) and including second and third levels, nine miles. 
 Minimum water-way 150 feet at surface, 106 feet at bot- 
 tom, and II feet deep, making an area of cross section of 
 
24 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 1,408 square feet. The bulk-head, locks, dam and other 
 structures are composed of stone masonry formed of gran- 
 ite rock, laid up in hydraulic cement mortar, and substan- 
 tially built. The area of the openings for the supply of 
 the canal amounts to 1,463 square feet, and the entire 
 waters of the Savannah made available for maintaining the 
 supply. There are 275 acres of reservoir exclusive of the 
 canal proper, and the pond above the bulk-head and dam. 
 There is a bottom grade of descent on the main canal of 
 one hundredth of a foot in 100 feet, giving a theoretical 
 mean velocity of two and seventy-four one hundredth feet 
 per second, or a mechanical effect under the minimum fall 
 between the first and third levels, or between the first level 
 and the Savannah river, below Rae's creek, of upwards of 
 14,000 horse powers, theoretically, not including available 
 supply from the surface of the reservoir. 
 
 The canal gives employment to thousands of people on 
 account of the numerous large factories erected along is 
 levels. The canal is owned by the city of Augusta, and 
 is under control of the Council, and more immediately of 
 the Canal Committee of that body. 
 
 The Augusta & Knoxville Railroad. 
 
 President, Eugene F. Verdery ; Superintendent and Chief 
 Engineer, A. J. Twiggs. Georgia Board of Directors — 
 Robert H. May, Wm. C. Sibley, W. B. Young, C. Z. 
 McCord, General M. A. Stovall, John W. Clark, J. V. 
 H. Allen, Charles Estes, Henry Franklin. 
 
 The Augusta and Knoxville Railroad is being rapidly 
 pushed to its completion. Cars will be running through 
 to Greenwood, South Carolina, by the first of May, 
 the track being nearly finished at present to within a few 
 miles of that city. This road was first projected a little 
 more than three years ago. When the subscription books 
 were opened, the citizens of Augusta made generous re- 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 25 
 
 sponse to the extent of their ability, with the earnest desire 
 that the trade that was obliged to pour into Augusta would 
 add increased wealth to the city. The original subscription 
 of ^40,000 was made. (From the Trade Issue of September, 
 188 I.) "It is a fact unparalleled in the history of most 
 roads, that when only one and one*half miles had been 
 ironed, ^250,000 of the bonds that had been issued were 
 placed at a rate perfectly satisfactory, and whilst only 
 fourteen miles remained to be graded, the remainder of 
 the bonds, ^380,000 were disposed of. Thus the whole 
 issue of the company's first mortgage bonds was placed at 
 90 @ 95." 
 
 An iron bridge over the Savannah River has been pro- 
 nounced by authentic judges to be one of the handsomest 
 and most substantial structures of the kind in the South. 
 Mr. Eugene Verdery is also President of the Greenwood, 
 Laurens & Spartanburg Railroad, which will connect Knox- 
 ville with Spartanburg, giving them a line of 140 miles in 
 length, and traveling over the richest and most productive 
 agricultural counties in South Carolina. Work has already 
 been commenced on the road, and a large force of hands 
 are at work now, grading the road at Laurens Court House, 
 The road completed to Spartanburg will connect with 
 Knoxville on the Spartanburg & Ashville Branch, thus 
 bringing Augusta in connection with the same. 
 
 The Knoxville Road opens up for the fast growing city 
 of Augusta a splendid trade, through a beautiful country, 
 which formerly went to enrich Charleston. The liberality 
 of Spartanburg and Laurens counties, each subscribing 
 ^75,000 for the construction of a road from Greenwood to 
 Spartanburg, provides the Augusta & Knoxville road with 
 an extension that places them in easy communication with 
 the North Carolina Midland, in course of construction, and 
 a part of the famous Baltimore & Ohio connection. 
 
 Mr. Verdery, the President, has proved himself entirely 
 
26 SKETGHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 worthy of the confidence reposed in him by being elected 
 President of a road that has such a strong Board of Directors, 
 all wealthy, high toned, and solid citizens of this famous 
 city. He has worked indefatigably in the interest of the 
 road, anci is destined himself to become a power in Rail- 
 road circles. A gentleman of wealth and culture, and a 
 distinguished lawyer at the Augusta Bar, with ten years 
 practice, he is amply able to discharge the duties, and fill 
 the position he is elected to. 
 
 George O. Robinson's Music Store, No. 831 Broad 
 Street, Augusta — The Music House of The South — 
 Initial Advertising. 
 
 Within the length of this sunny land, no music house 
 is so well known as Geo. O. Robinson's, brought about by 
 this unique and novel system of advertising as well as by 
 the durability and excellence of their instruments. 
 
 Mr. Robinson introduced his first motto, " L. P. Q. S.," 
 which attracted so much attention in 1874. This of course 
 attracted much attention and excited a good deal of com- 
 ment to know what it meant. The solution was arrived 
 at — '^Lozv Pfices, Quick Sales.'' Then appeared another 
 puzzle: "T. M. H. O. T. S.," which reads "The Music 
 House of the South." In 1876 came out another one : 
 ''E. T. O. M.," Excelsior is our Motto. The last— **G. 
 H. U.," is Mr. Robinson's private motto, and has been 
 for over two years. Mr. Robinson is the first and largest 
 initial advertiser in the South. He has been inundated 
 with hundreds of letters from Thomas, Richard and 
 Henry,'" to know what those Egyptian hieroglyphics 
 meant, which still gave to his house the notoriety he was 
 seeking for. On one occasion Mr. Robinson offered a pre- 
 mium of an organ to the one who could solve one of these 
 mottoes ; one young lady sent him twenty-seven solutions, 
 and wrote to ' ' send the organ.'' She only missed it by one 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 27 
 
 letter in one of the answers, and she did Jiot get the or- 
 gan, of course. 
 
 Mr. Robinson has shipped organs and pianos as far out 
 West as 1,100 miles, which is remarkable for a Southern 
 house and decided proof of the excellence of his instru- 
 ments. The instruments he sells are the finest manufac- 
 tured in the United States. For important improvements, 
 and beautiful combinations, with choice selections from 
 twelve of the most celebrated makers, he cannot be ex- 
 celled by any one. 
 
 His large cash contracts enable him to save twenty or 
 thirty per cent, to every purchaser. Everything pertain- 
 ing to a first-class house is to be found at Robinson's. Re- 
 member, 831 Broad street. 
 
 City Finances. 
 
 One remarkable fact in connection with the city of Au- 
 gusta, it has never repudiated an}^ of its indebtedness, 
 but has always paid dollar for dollar, and presents a clean 
 financial record. 
 
 The report of the Committee on Finance for the fiscal 
 year ending January i, 1881, showed that the amounts 
 realized from taxation was ^163,598 74, of which 
 ^93,562 44 was from real estate, and $60,846 30 from 
 personal property ; the rest from various other sources. 
 
 The Constitution of Georgia provides that the debt to 
 be incurred by any municipal corporation — after the adop- 
 tion of said Constitution shall never exceed seven per cent, 
 of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein, 
 and no municipal corporation shall incur any new debt, 
 except for a temporary loan to supply canal deficiencies of 
 revenue, to exceed one-fifth per centum of the value of 
 taxable property therein without the assent of two-thirds 
 of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that pur- 
 pose. 
 
28 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 The bonded debt of Augusta is ;^2,o82,250, and the 
 assets about ;^2, 000,000. The canal is a valuable property, 
 besides which the water works pays seven per cent, in- 
 terest on ^200,000, which will increase as the city grows 
 larger. The toll bridge pays seven per cent, on 00, 000 
 from expense of repairing and maintenance. In addition 
 to which, Augusta has ;^50,ooo in the Augusta & Knox- 
 ville Railroad, for which it has been offered a premium. 
 
 A Sinking Fund Commission was created by the City 
 Council in 1877, for the purpose of retiring the city bond- 
 ed debt, and the city now holds ^161,750 of bonds. One- 
 fourth of one per cent, of the tax annually assessed is 
 handed over to the Commissioners to be used in the pur- 
 chase of city bonds. These bonds are registered when 
 purchased in the name of the Commissioners, and can 
 never be again put into circulation. The interest is annu- 
 ally collected and added to the Sinking Fund tax for the 
 purchase of new bonds, so that the amount at the disposal 
 of the commission to be used in such purchase increases 
 rapidly, at the same time increasing the resources of the 
 commission and decreasing the city's debt in rapid ratio. 
 
 Hon. Robert M. May, Mayor. 
 
 It is always interesting to look into the recesses of a re- 
 markable man's character, especially in an epoch filled with 
 notabilities. Cool, clear headed, practical and far-seeing, 
 the Mayor of Augusta is made of the stuff which lays down 
 laws, controls cabinets, moulds parties and directs events. 
 Mr. May has achieved his success in life by the sheer force 
 of his character, by the vigor and intensity of his nature, 
 and with the intellect which Heaven gave him. Long years 
 ago, when a boy, Mr. May promised himself that he would 
 one day rise from his low estate, and make himself a power 
 in the world, in commercial circles and otherwise. Mr. 
 May was elected Mayor of Augusta in April, 1861, and 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA, 29 
 
 served until 1865, when the days of the Confederacy were 
 numbered, and every pulse of the South throbbed with 
 agony at the thought. Resolute and brave, he did not 
 falter in his administration of the city affairs. His firm- 
 ness and decision had much to do with the averting the 
 destruction of property in the city during the riot in April, 
 1865. When the National troops took possession of 
 Augusta, her Mayor stood bravely up for the rights of the 
 people. In 1877, Mr. May was elected one of the dele- 
 gates from Richmond county to the State Constitutional 
 Convention, where many of his suggestions were adopted, 
 and to-day form part of the Constitution of Georgia. 
 
 In December, 1879, May was enthusiastically elected 
 (the writer was in the city at the time) Mayor again, for a 
 term of three years. He has made many beautiful im- 
 provements in the city, and has strong faith in the future 
 greatness of his beautiful old home — Augusta ! 
 
 Augusta Orphan Asylum. 
 
 Fronting the Georgia Railroad, between Harper and 
 Boundary streets, near the western boundary of the city, 
 stands the Augusta Orphan Asylum. The grounds sur- 
 rounding the handsome five story brick structure are beauti- 
 ful beyond description, and filled with the rarest and most 
 lovely flowers, glowing in gorgeous parterres, with hand- 
 some ornamental shrubbery intervening throughout the 
 entire spacious grounds. The entire surroundings were 
 never more beautiful than at the present time, as the 
 flowers give out their fragrance to the first kisses of sum- 
 mer. By an act of the Georgia Legislature, approved in 
 January, 1852, the Asylum was first incorporated, but 
 some time elapsed before the Society, whose original body 
 was composed of Thomas W. Miller, Henry H. Gumming, 
 Edward F. Campbell, John Milledge, Artemus Gould, 
 Lewis D. Ford and John R. Dow, were prepared to assume 
 
30 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 the care of orphans. In the meantime, Mr. Thomas W. 
 Miller was earnest in his solicitations of individual sub- 
 scriptions. A Constitution and By-Laws were adopted in 
 1854, and the first Board of Managers elected. A house 
 was rented in 1855, and four orphans admitted to the 
 privileges of the Asylum, in charge of a Matron. The 
 following December, Mr. Isaac S. Tuttle, a prominent 
 citizen of Augusta, died and left to the Institution, the 
 sum of ;^50,ooo, including his own private residence — 
 previous to which the City Council of Augusta had gener- 
 ously donated the annual income from two hundred shares 
 of Georgia Railroad stock, upon the recommendation of 
 Mr. Miller, who was at that time Mayor of Augusta. The 
 "Tuttle House," residence of the whole-souled benefactor 
 of the Asylum, was for seventeen years used for the 
 Asylum. 
 
 Dr. George M. Newton, a step-son to Mr. Tuttle died 
 in January, 1859, leaving to the Institution the sum of 
 ^200,000. This magnificent and unexpected gift opened 
 up a wide field of usefulness, which is but faintly expressive 
 of the noble generosity for which the citizens of Augusta 
 are famous. The following December an amendment to 
 the charter of the As3/lum was obtained from the Legisla- 
 ture, allowing the Board of Managers to receive children 
 from any part of the State, and also those who were not 
 orphans, and prescribing severe penalties for leaving children 
 at the Asylum without the consent of the proper authorities. 
 
 At the time of the resignation of the first President, Mr. 
 Gould, April, 1870, who had been a wise and judicious 
 manager, as well as a skillful and accomplished financier, 
 the par value of the capital of the Institution was ;^348,07i. 
 The war had been the cause of their not building a larger 
 and more comfortable house — and when the time came, 
 when building was accessible, the financial condition of 
 aftairs was so far improved that it was determined on build- 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 31 
 
 ing a handsome, commodious brick structure, which plan 
 was carried out, the architect being Mr. D. B. Woodruff. 
 It was begun in December, 1870, and occupied in 1873. 
 
 There are at present ninety-six children in the Institute, 
 provided with everything to make them comfortable and 
 happy, and in charge of a Matron who is nobly devoting 
 her whole time to the care of these unfortunates who are 
 left without a mother's care and love. In a large and 
 handsome chapel are held Sabbath school services every 
 Sabbath afternoon, and during the week two teachers are 
 employed in attending to their literary education. The 
 Augusta Orphan Asylum is an Institution that Augusta 
 points with pride to the stranger, having every right to be 
 proud of it. 
 
 Mr. J. C. C. Black, a distinguished member ol the 
 Augusta Bar, and one who will, in all likelihood, succeed 
 Mr. Stephens in Congress, has been President of the 
 Orphan Asylum for two years. 
 
 The Augusta Bar. 
 
 Augusta has one of the best and strongest bars in the 
 State, consisting of about fifty lawyers, conspicious among 
 whom is H. D. D. Twiggs, who is regarded as the most 
 brilliant lawyer at the Augusta bar, if not the most bril- 
 liant in the State. He was born at his maternal grand- 
 mother's home in Barnwell county, S. C, the 25th of March, 
 1839. His father was George W. L. Twiggs, a native of 
 Richmond county, Georgia, and resided in Georgia. His 
 mother was Harriet D. Duncan, of Barnwell county, S. C. 
 His father died in the fifty-second year of his age, in 
 Baker county, Georgia. The mother is still living. Judge 
 Twiggs belongs to a very distinguished family, being a 
 great grand-son of Gen. Twiggs of Revolutionary fame ; 
 and also a nephew of Gen. David E. Twiggs, deceased, 
 who delivered over the ordnance of Texas to the Confed- 
 
32 SKETCHES OF A JIG USTA. 
 
 eracy at the beginning of the rebelUon, himself being in 
 the United States army. 
 
 At the sacking of New Orleans, the Twiggs' swords, 
 splendid heir looms in the family, given as testimonials of 
 the appreciation and esteem in which the General was 
 held by those who knew him, were captured by the no- 
 torious Butler, and are held now by the U. S. Congress as 
 weapons of war. The three are worth ^75,000. One 
 presented by the city of Augusta is of solid gold, set 
 with diamonds. They attract a great deal of notice from 
 the strangers who visit the National Capitol. 
 
 Judge Twiggs graduated in July, 1858, at the Georgia 
 Military Institute, and at the Law Department, University 
 of Georgia, in Athens, 1861. Was married to Miss Lucy 
 E. Wilkins, daughter of Col. Joseph Wilkins, of Liberty 
 county, Georgia, at Athens, in 1861 ; entered the Confed- 
 erate army as First Lieutenant of hifantry in the First 
 Georgia Regiment. He participated in the principal bat- 
 tles of the war, and was twice severely wounded ; was 
 Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Georgia Regiment at the 
 close of the war. Began the practice of lav/ in Augusta, 
 at the urgent solicitation of the bar, in October, 1870; was 
 appointed by Gov. Bullock Judge of the Superior Court 
 of the Middle Circuit, there being no Republican lawyer 
 qualified in the circuit to fill the office. At the request of 
 his warm, personal friend. Gen. Ambrose R. Wright, he 
 was induced to accept the office, at the same time openly, 
 avowedly and 7i7tcompromisingly maintaining his attitude as 
 a Democrat. After filling the unexpired term for which 
 he was appointed, Judge Twiggs was again appointed by 
 Gov. James M. Smith, the successor of Gov. Bullock. He 
 remained Judge of the Middle Circuit until succeeded by 
 Herschel V. Johnson in 1874, not being a candidate when 
 Gov. Johnson was appointed. Since his return from the 
 bench he has followed his profession in Augusta. 
 
SKETCHES OF, AUGUSTA. 33 
 
 As a speaker, Judge Twiggs has no equal. He lights 
 his lamps in such gorgeous effulgence that his eloquence 
 sways the multitudes as the winds bend the reeds over the 
 river banks. He is a prophet, detaining you in his terrible 
 grasp ; he is Apollo^ touching your trembling ears ! What 
 is the explanation of this magical power ? With piercing 
 sagacity he has discerned his own intellectual powers, and 
 with his whole soul and mind, and strength has sought to 
 cultivate them. The extraordinary energy of his charac- 
 ter, the brilliancy of his genius, and commanding force of 
 his eloquence, no one can pretend to deny. Possessing 
 the enthusiasm of the scholar and the sagacity of the 
 worldling, he has sought self -development as his principal 
 end. He is as strong, too, as he is erratic; he is as ec- 
 centric as he is brilliant, showing never a vestige of sub- 
 mission. His character shows the strangest and most 
 startling inconsistencies; you are confronted at every turn 
 with sharp and sudden contrasts. He dazzles his oppo- 
 nents with the most brilliant rhetoric, and sometimes 
 almost sweeps them olf their feet with a perfect flood of 
 ironry and sarcasm. Such a character is a fascinating, 
 puzzling study. 
 
 Judge Twiggs is a blonde^ and of splendid physical stat- 
 ure. In repose his featues wear a cool, contemptuous, 
 scornful expression, while the very spiiit of a tiger dwells 
 beneath. Nature has given this gentleman a resolute 
 IV ill, strong individuality, an active intellect^ and an intense 
 thirst for power, and the desire to make himself known 
 and recognised among his fellow-men. 
 
 The war record of Judge Twiggs is splendid. Away out 
 toward the distant battle fields of South Carolina, where 
 the Red Cross standard floated high in the summer winds, 
 and 15,000 National troops v/ere pouring a murderous fire 
 of shot and shell upon the devoted heads of the 3,500 gal- 
 lant Southrons who manned Fort Wagner, this splendid 
 
34 
 
 SEE T CHE OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 man was placed hors de combat. Having been appointed 
 Inspector-General of the Department of South Carolina, 
 and also inspector of Battery Wagner, subsequent to his 
 relapse from severe wounds received at Sharpsburg, it be- 
 came his duty to go out upon the parapet and inspect the 
 enemy, who, for twenty-four long hours, had bombarded 
 the Fort with a ferocity never equalled before save by the 
 bombardment of Sebastopol. The dead and the dying- 
 rose in sickening, appalling confusion all around, and 
 still the murderous shell screamed above their devoted 
 heads like a voice from hell, sent hither by the very fury 
 of hatred. The Fort had become a smoking volcano. 
 What a dramatic scene ! The people of Charleston, that 
 gallant **Cit3^ by the Sea," had clambered about the 
 steeple of St. Michael's, waiting and watching, " with 
 abated breath, for this Fort was the key to Charleston, 
 and as they saw the Southern flag go dozvu, down, dozvn, 
 while the very air was hot and thick with smoke, they 
 would say at last, the Fort has surrendered!" The 
 winds would sweep away the dense volume of smoke, and 
 they would discern some powder-begrimed private in the act 
 of replacing the flag on its staff again, and again to be shot 
 away and as often as replaced, amid a thousand whizzing, 
 hissing shells. Suddenly the firing ceased ; then it occurred 
 to them in the Fort that the enemy had determined to 
 make an assault, and then came the time that ''tried 
 men s soids.'" Then there occuired one of the bravest, 
 most daring acts of the war, which thrills us now with the 
 old-time enthusiasm of the dead Confederacy. Judge 
 Twiggs, to inspire his men with fresh courage, as he 
 saw the enemy bearing down upon him, caught up his 
 sword, sprang up on the parapet, and stood there cheering 
 and waving his sword in the very face of the rapidly ad- 
 vancing enemy, with his magnificent form clothed in the 
 old Confederate gray, grandly outlined in the smoke, a 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA, 
 
 35 
 
 picture for an artist ! He was severely wounded, and car- 
 ried off in a nearly dying condition. At the close of the 
 war he had the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the First 
 Georgia Regement ; is regarded at the present time the 
 most gifted and eloquent speaker in the State of Georgia. 
 
 Hon. Claiborne Snead, 
 
 Judge of the Augusta Circuit, is a native of Richmond 
 county, and a graduate of the Universty of Georgia. Was 
 admitted to the Bar in 1857. In 186 1, he entered the army 
 as first Lieutenant in Company G, in the old gallant Third 
 Georgia Regiment. No longer now a gay young Confede- 
 rate officer, full of ardor and romance, but a patriot, who 
 lived and fought with Lee, and who tore the battle flag 
 of the old Georgia Third from its staff, at Appamottox, all 
 grimed and rent with powder and ball as it was, and 
 wrapped it round his own gallant person and brought it 
 safely back to Georgia. 
 
 Judge Snead participated in all the engagements of his 
 Regiment, until a ball cut him down at Malvern Hill. 
 Hardly having recovered from the serious wound, his im- 
 petuosity led him into battle with his Regiment, as they 
 moved on Sharpsburg, With the fire of a splendid invin- 
 cible courage burning in his eyes, he was the first man to 
 enter the enemy's works, in front of the Third Georgia, as 
 the guns thundered over Chancellorsville, and in that 
 magnificent battle of the Gods, at Gettysburg, Judge Snead 
 (now Captain) went with his Regiment inside the stone 
 fence and held it until forced to retreat by overwhelming 
 numbers. It was one great scene of smoke, of dust, of 
 uproar and blood ! The heights, the slopes, the fields and 
 rugged crests were wrapped in smoke and fire. The som- 
 bre roar ascended and leaped back from the rocks, and 
 rolled away in wild echoes from the hills. Men looked on 
 and watched the advance with fiery eyes. It was a magnifi- 
 
36 
 
 SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 cent spectacle, and sublime, too; but Gettysburg was lost, 
 and from it dates the decadence of the Southern arms. 
 
 For "valor and skill" during those terrible times, Judge 
 Snead was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 
 Third Georgia Regiment, which was his rank at the close 
 of the war. 
 
 His determined gallantry called for special mention from 
 General Ambrose R. Wright, of Augusta, upon whose 
 recommendation, at the War Department, he got his pro- 
 motion. General Wright wrote as follows, to Colonel 
 Taylor, Chief of General Lee's Staff: 
 
 Headquarters Wright's Brigade, April 15, 1864. 
 
 Colonel W. H. Taylor, A, A. mid I. General, Army of 
 Noj'thern Virginia : 
 
 Colonel: I beg leave respectfully to call the attention of 
 the Commanding General to the gallant and meritorious 
 conduct of the following officers, etc. 
 
 On the 19th of April, 1862, when seven companies of 
 the Third Georgia Regim.ent were engaging two brigades 
 of the enemy, under General Reno and Colonel Hawkins, 
 at South Mills, N. C, Captain (then Lieutenant) Claiborne 
 Snead, commanding Company G, Third Georgia Re^iiiment, 
 under my orders, led his men through a teri'ible fire and 
 gained a position on the left, which enabled us to repulse 
 the enemy and win the day. 
 
 At Malvern Hill, on the 15th July, 1862, Captain 
 Snead (then Lieutenant) commanding Company G, Third 
 Georgia Regiment, acted in the most gallant and heroic 
 manner, in checking a retreat which came near amounting 
 to a panic, on the part of my own and a part of General 
 Armstead's Brigade. On this occasion, Captain Snead 
 exposed himself in the most courageous manner, impart- 
 ing confidence and firmness to the men, and greatly assist- 
 ing in restoring order in the troops. In this effort Captain 
 Snead was seriously wounded, and did not rejoin his com- 
 mand until the morning of the battle of Sharpsburg, in 
 which action he bore a conspicuous and gallant part, but 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 37 
 
 being himself wounded early in the engagement, his con- 
 duct did not come under my personal observation. 
 
 At Chancellorsville, on Sunday morning, Captain Snead 
 led the charge of the Third Georgia Regiment, and was the 
 first to enter the enemy's works. His conduct on the 
 occasion inspired the troops and contributed largely to the 
 success of my Brigade. 
 
 At Gettysburg he led his company in advance of the 
 Regiment, and was the first to gain the Emmetsburg road, 
 and capture the enemy's artillery at that point ; and press- 
 ing on, charged the enemy's line posted behind the stone 
 fence, and if we had been strongly supported would have 
 held the position. 
 
 Captain Snead is an excellent drill officer, and one of 
 the best disciplinarians in the service. Whether in camp, 
 on the march, or in battle, he is always at his post, and 
 ready to render cheerful obedience to all orders from his 
 superior officers. I therefore earnestly recommend him 
 for promotion to the position of Lieutenant-Colonel of the 
 Third Georgia Regiment, in which a vacancy exists by the 
 recent recommendation of a medical board for the retire- 
 ment in the invalid corps of Lieutenant Colonel R. B. 
 Nisbet, on account of disability from wounds. 
 
 A. R. Wright, Brig. General Commanding. 
 
 So his promotion was approved and accepted. At the 
 succeeding session of the Senate the appointment was con- 
 firmed. Judge Snead met his commission as he returned 
 an exchanged prisoner from Johnson's Island, having been 
 captured at Gettysburg. He had no knowledge of the 
 honor which awaited him, during his long incarceration at 
 Johnson's Island, and it was handed to him the moment 
 his feet touched Southern soil. He was always to the 
 fivnt in those last, gloomy, desperate battles of the war, 
 always to the front! His own people at home showed 
 their appreciation of him by calling on him to serve them 
 in public life after the bitter end had been reached. He 
 was elected to the House from Richmond county in 1865, 
 when the State government was re-established under 
 
38 SKETCHES OF A TIG VST A. 
 
 Governor Jenkins. He made himself famous there by 
 introducing a bill to provide for an honored burial of the 
 Confederate dead in Georgia, whose graves dotted every 
 hillside. In his enthusiastic appeal to the Legislature, 
 Judge Snead uttered the following glowing words: "Where 
 on earth's open surface can be found a brighter spectacle 
 of fidelity, of devotion, of patriotic duty, than that of the 
 Confederate soldier, who in many instances, without the 
 chances of promotion or the honors of office, moved on- 
 ward with a sheet of lightning blazing in his face, keeping 
 only in view the honor of the glorious army to which he 
 was attached, and the liberties of his suffering country. 
 Such fidelity not only deserves your praise, but merits 
 that even of angels, and of God! Though their brave 
 hearts beat no more, though their lips are forever closed ; 
 yet there comes up from the rustic graves of those gallant 
 dead, a silent but thrilling appeal for a decent resting place 
 in the bosom of that State they so fondly loved, and for 
 which they so nobly died." The House passed the bill 
 unanimously. 
 
 As an instance of his great strength and popularity, Judge 
 Snead, in the election of 1870, led every name on the 
 Democratic ticket in Richmond county several hundred 
 votes. 
 
 Upon the creation of the County Court of Richmond, 
 he was appointed Judge, and held the office five years. 
 Taking charge of the county affairs when several thousand 
 dollars in debt, by his wise and just management he paid 
 off the entire debt, built a new poor house, furnished all 
 the roads with sign posts and iron mile posts, and put the 
 County Treasury in a condition to meet all drafts upon it 
 promptly, at the same time reducing the percentage of 
 the county on the State tax from 67^ per cent, to 50 per 
 cent. His judicial record gave entire satisfaction to the 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 39 
 
 people, and his administration of public affairs was enthusi- 
 astically endorsed by the people. 
 
 Conscientious and self sacrificing, and true always to the 
 interests of the people, wise in his decisions, and an im- 
 partial Judge, no one in all this section of Georgia is more 
 loved and honored than Judge Claiborne Snead. He was 
 elected to the Judgeship of the Augusta Circuit in Novem- 
 ber, 1878, beginning his term of office in January, 1879. 
 Judge Snead has a fine physique, and is an exceedingly 
 handsome man, stately and gracious in his manners, his 
 affability commending him to all who know him. 
 
 M. P. Carroll. 
 
 A list of the prominent lawyers would be incomplete 
 without the addition of this prince of humorists as well as 
 popular attorneys at the Augusta Bar. 
 
 Mr. Carroll was born in St. Mary's county, Maryland, 
 March 2, 1842; was educated at Georgetown College, 
 District of Columbia; entered the Confederate army, June, 
 1 86 1, as a prvate soldier, in the Twenty-first Virginia Reg- 
 iment, Company B, Served in Virginia until January, 
 1863, when he was ordered to report for staff duty at 
 Port Hudson, to General John Gregg, of Texas; served 
 from December, 1864, to the close of the war on the staff 
 of that much loved and distinguished gentleman, General 
 Ambrose R. Wright, of Augusta. 
 
 Mr. Carroll was married to Miss McNatt, of Georgia, 
 in July, 1864, and has, since the surrender, resided in 
 Georgia, making Augusta his home. He associated him- 
 self with the Augusta bar in 1871, and has continued to 
 practice law here since that time. 
 
 Mr. Carroll's style is bright and sparkling, and a more 
 delightful person than he would be hard to find, as he 
 rambles on touching on everything of interest in his 
 course, gay or grave, lively or severe, as the occasion 
 demands, with a vivacity and grace which seem to rise spon- 
 
40 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 taneously from the subject, notwithstanding this vivacity, 
 has always a practical object in view. Mr. Phil. Carroll 
 is regarded at the Augusta bar as a gentleman of consid- 
 erable ability, and possessing an accurate knowledge of 
 the law. He is also a man of extensive general informa- 
 tion, and of wide com.prehensive reading, embracing a 
 great variety of subjects and topics. His conversation is 
 in a singular degree pleasing, which arises not less from 
 its high intellectual tone, than from the genial spirit which 
 never abandons him. If he finds it necessary to differ 
 with you, he does so with a graceful compliment, or with 
 such an expression of deference that it seems almost an 
 apology for his dissent. There are, in fact, but few good 
 qualities of the heart he does not possess in an eminent 
 degree. Notwithstanding Mr. Carroll has written some 
 very masterly disquisitions on the principles of law in his 
 briefs, yet his emotions are generally more lively than 
 profound, and his great eloquence only roused into extra- 
 ordinary vigor, by occasions of peculiar interest, a correct 
 judgment fortifying these powers of discrimination, which 
 in conversation, has been refined into an exquisite taste. 
 
 Mr. Carroll is something highep and better than a man 
 of mere wit and humor. He is a man of clear thought, 
 and of considerable knowledge, and of most pure and 
 strong feelings, of a highly emotional nature, armed with 
 the purest sensibilities and convictions, having always a 
 native sympathy with what is elevated and noble, being 
 endowed at the same time with great powers of percep- 
 tion and acquisition. 
 
 It may be said, as a general estimate of his character, 
 abilities, and aim in life, that his whole career, his connec- 
 tion with the Augusta Bar, has been equally distinguished 
 by high moral purpose, and by the most unquestionable 
 talents, which have been the foundation of his well known 
 success as a lawyer. 
 
SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 41 
 
 William F. Eve, 
 Judge of the City Court, and Ex- Officio Commissioner 
 of Roads and Revenues for Richmond County, was ap- 
 pointed Judge of the City Court, without opposition, Sep- 
 tember 21, 1 88 1, for a term of four years; was born 
 in the city of Augusta March 8, 185 i ; Vv^as educated at 
 the University of Virginia, having spent two years in the 
 Academic Department, and one year in the Law Depart- 
 ment; was admitted to the bar of Richmond County, Sep- 
 temper 2, 1872; was elected Justice of the Peace of one 
 of the City Districts, January, 1873, which position he re- 
 signed after holding the office six months; was appoint- 
 ed Solicitor of the County Court of Richmond County 
 September 10, 1875, which position he continued to hold 
 until the resignation of the Hon. Claiborne Snead, Judge 
 of the County Court, when he was appointed by Gov. 
 Colquitt to this office of Judge of said Court, October 15, 
 1878. He continued Judge of the County Court until its 
 abolition and the creation of the present City Court of 
 Richmond County, September 14, 188 1. 
 
 In addition to duties incident to the office of Judge, 
 Judge Eve has, since his occupation of the Bench, had 
 sole control of the county affairs, and he deserves the 
 highest praise for the time and labor spent in the improve- 
 ment of the buildings and roads of the county, in proof of 
 which, witness their present fine condition. 
 
 The roads of Richmond County, under his administra- 
 tion, are conceded to be the finest in the State, and the 
 handsome Court Room, of which Augusta is so justly 
 proud, was remodeled and furnished under Judge Eve's own 
 personal supervision and direction, and is a model of taste 
 and beauty. 
 
 In addition to the office of Judge, he is a member of the 
 Board of Health of the City of Augusta, and a Director 
 of the Young Men's Library Association, also President 
 
42 
 
 SKETCHES OF AUGUSTA. 
 
 of the Mechanic Independent Fire Company of Augusta. 
 
 The Chronicle & Constihttionalist of April 20, highly 
 compHments Judge Eve for the "stern and rigorous en- 
 forcement " of the law against carrying concealed wea- 
 pons, saying he " had received the highest praise in this 
 regard from the press of the country, North and South, as 
 well as from several consecutive grand juries of this coun- 
 ty, for the iincomproinising manner in which he had exe- 
 cuted the law." The same article especially compliments 
 Capt. Leon for being the first one to introduce the reso- 
 lution in the City Council requiring the police to enforce 
 this law; also compliments the police for their ''faithful 
 and efficient discharge " of their duty. 
 
 The Augusta Evening News^ in an article signed ''Lex/' 
 headed " Render unto Caesar," etc., says "that especially 
 to Judge Wm, F. Eve is due the almost total absence of 
 homicides in this county for the last few years, on account 
 of the rigid enforcement of the law against carrying con- 
 cealed weapons, and winds up the article by saying that 
 human life is safer in the streets of Augusta, Georgia, 
 than in those of New York, Boston, or other Northern 
 cities that take so much pleasure in prating of the ' law- 
 lessness' of the South." 
 
 Judge Eve has been in public service for ten years, and 
 has given the best talents and efforts of his youth in the 
 faithful discharge of whatsoever duties have fallen to him. 
 His earnest and greatest desire is, and has been, that his 
 native State — the great State of Georgia — should prosper, 
 and that his people should be happy. 
 
 Belonging to a family long resident, and noted in Au- 
 gusta for its social distinction, as well as scholarly attain- 
 ments, it is hardly a matter of surprise that he should so 
 closely follow the footsteps of his illustrious predecessors, 
 and make himself famous in whatever calling he should 
 engage. 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 43 
 
 The Judge of the City Court is a very important office, 
 and has territorial jurisdiction over the whole county of 
 Richmond, concurrent with the jurisdiction of the Supe- 
 rior Court, to try and dispose of all civil cases of whatso- 
 ever nature above the jurisdiction of Justice of the Peace. 
 The Judge of the City Court has power also to grant a 
 new trial in any case, civil or criminal, in his Court, under 
 the same lav/s and regulations governing the granting of 
 new trials in the Superior Courts. 
 
 Richmond County is free from debt, and has no bonds 
 or floating debt. Every claim upon the county is pre- 
 sented to Judge Eve the first of the month, and promptly 
 paid. 
 
 The people of Richmond • County highly appreciate 
 Judge Eve, and have warmly and unanimously sustained 
 his administration of County and City affairs, while the 
 people of Augusta point to him with a just and commend- 
 able pride. 
 
 The Eves are a talented family, noted throughout the 
 State for their professional services, being either physicians 
 or lawyers — there being several celebrated physicians in 
 Augusta of the same family. 
 
 Augusta Court House. 
 
 Augusta has the handsomest Court House in the State, 
 in the centre of a beautiful grove of magnificent trees, with 
 two handsome fountains to the right and left of the pave- 
 ment leading to the steps that ascend to the court rooms. 
 Handsome silk curtains drape the arched way, from the 
 court room leading to the hall opening into the Judge's 
 private office. 
 
 It was built in 1S24, and is three stories high, one 
 hundred and twenty feet long, and sixty feet wide, and 
 would be an ornament to any city, having been remod- 
 eled recently. 
 
44 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 
 
 The Augusta Police 
 
 are the handsomest and most styHshly uniformed body 
 of men in the United States; at the same time the pohtest 
 in their manners, and perfect gentlemen otherwise. In 
 full dress uniform, with their white gloves on, which they 
 wear all the time on duty, they do look splendid. Po- 
 licemen, in many of the cities in the United States are 
 perfect ruffians and as coarse and uncouth as can be, but 
 hei'e they are gentlemen^ and for their uniformly courteous 
 conduct deserve great praise. 
 
 Chief John A. Christian is a magnificent looking man ; 
 six feet, one inch in height, and weighs two hundred and 
 six pounds; is said to be the exact image of Gen. Lee, 
 only, I think, a handsomer man than Gen. Lee. He is 
 stately and dignified, with hair as white as snow, and has 
 been Chief of the Augusta Police nearly forty years. 
 
 Mr. Christian was born March ii, i8i i, in Columbia 
 county, Georgia. His mother was married in the house 
 now occupied by Judge Milo Olin, corner Washington and 
 Ellis streets. His father was a Methodist minister, sta- 
 tioned in Augusta. 
 
 Mr. Christian was elected Chief of the Augusta Police 
 in 1843, and has held the office since that time, except a 
 few years during the Blodget administration. He will 
 have the office as long as his health continues. Mr. Chris- 
 tian is universally admired and beloved in Augusta, his 
 long continuance in office being proof substantial of the 
 high estimation in which he is held by the Augusta people. 
 
 There are forty two men on the police force in Augusta, 
 and ten supernumeraries. 
 
 Lieutenant Joseph A. Twiggs, a brother of the Hon. 
 H. D. D. Twiggs, is a stylish young officer, and much es- 
 teemed in Augusta; has been on the "force" five years; 
 was in the First South Carolina Calvary, serving in the 
 famous Wade Hampton Brigade, 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 45 
 
 Augusta Stencil Works. 
 
 E. W. Dodge, 121 Eighth street — an important and 
 prosperous business enterprise. 
 
 Begining in 1872, Mr. Dodge has, by his own energy 
 and perseverance, succeeded in building up for himself a 
 lucrative, prosperous business. He has recently begun, 
 and is now, making a specialty of the manufacture of Ritb- 
 be? Stamps and Seal Presses^ with every guarantee of suc- 
 cess. The promptness he observes in filling his numer- 
 ous orders gives the purchaser the advantange of receiving 
 goods at the shortest possible notice, and finished in the 
 most excellent style — sending them throughout Georgia, 
 South Carolina, Tennessee, and other points. Mr. Dodge 
 deserves great credit for the energy and perseverance he 
 has displayed from the commencement of his business, 
 having begun and built up the business at Augusta, with- 
 out instructions, experience alone being the only teacher he 
 has had in acquiring the rudiments of his business. Mr. 
 Dodge is well known in Augusta, and has the confidence 
 of the people here — having lived here all his life, although 
 born in Massachusetts, and coming the same year to Au- 
 gusta in 1852. He is welh worthy of patronage, and de- 
 serves to succeed, for go there when you will, you will 
 always find him busy. 
 
 He issues monthly a spicy litttle advertising sheet, 
 filled with short personal notices of prominent business 
 houses ; at the same time, does excellent work as job 
 printer. Remember, F. W. Dodge, 121 Eighth street. 
 
 The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals. 
 
 Augusta has many things to make her famous, and 
 very many things to be proud of. The noblest institution 
 on the face of the earth, as well as one of the few institu- 
 tions in existence of that kind, is located in Augusta, that 
 
46 SKETCHES OF A TIG USTA. 
 
 is, the *' Georgia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals," which is the result of two years untiring, pa- 
 tient endeavor, in the face of the greatest difficulties, of 
 an accomplished young Augusta lady, Miss Louise Wood- 
 ward King, who died December 7, 1878, leaving a name 
 that will be handed down from generation to generation, 
 covered with love and praise as long as Augusta shall 
 have an existence. 
 
 This humane and noble society was organized in Au- 
 gusta in 1873, by Miss Louise King, who resided on the 
 Sand Hills, and was noted for her decision of character 
 and tenderness of heart, and ever earnest endeavors to 
 alleviate sufferings of any description, and if the poor 
 dumb annimals could talk, every breath they draw would 
 be a silent prayer that this young lady was safe in the arms 
 of her Heavenly Father. 
 
 The first Society ever known in the world for the pre- 
 vention of cruelty to animals was established in London 
 in 1830, with the Queen for its patron, the Earl of Har- 
 rowby its President ; while the Board of Officers is com- 
 posed of Princes, Dukes, Earls, Bishops, and many of the 
 most prominent men in England. At the last meeting in 
 London, (Tenth Annual Report of the Georgia Society 
 for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1880,) the 
 Princess Louise, daughter of Victoria, offered and distrib- 
 uted one hundred and ninety prizes for the best composi- 
 tion on "Kindness to Animals, " to the successful com- 
 petitor in one hundred and ninety schools in London. 
 
 In the sam.e report, Mr. George T. Angell, President of 
 the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 
 Animals, says in defense of the Society : 
 
 * 'Around forty millions of human population is thrown 
 the whole protection of Church and State Laws, Courts 
 and Magistrates, public and private charity ; while for 
 more than four hundred millions of our animal population, 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. A7 
 
 until within the past few years, not a single effective law 
 has ever been enacted, or a single voice raised publicly in 
 their behalf." This gentleman goes on to say that "Cru- 
 elty will become unpopular when men find they are at- 
 tracting public attention ; and to make this cruelty un- 
 popular, this noble young lady, Miss Louise King, worked 
 indefatigably until she got the Society established, which 
 provides certain punishment, in cases of cruelty, at the 
 same time any case of wanton cruelty throughout the 
 State of Georgia, if reported to the Society at Augusta, 
 will receive prompt attention, and a just punishment 
 meted out. 
 
 The branch at Savannah, established two years ago, is 
 the only one in the State outside of Augusta that is ac- 
 complishing anything. 
 
 The officers of the Georgia Society at Augusta, which 
 is the mother of all the Georgia Societies for the Preven- 
 tion of Cruelty to Animals, are: H. B. King, President; 
 Maj. W. T. Gary, Counsel; Frank Blaisdell, Treasurer; 
 W. Edward Piatt, Secretary ; S. R. Craig, Agent. 
 
 Each Southern State should take Augusta as a model, 
 and establish a society of the same sort. 
 
Medical College of Georgia. 
 
 This distinguished institution was founded in 1829, and 
 from its walls have issued sonae of the niost noted physi- 
 cians in the South. It has now become the Medical De- 
 partment of the State University, dating from 1873, hav- 
 ing the City Hospital, the Dispensary and'the Freedman's 
 Hospital under the same control. The appointments of 
 the College are first-class in every respect— the building 
 large and commodious — in addition to which is a valuable 
 Anatomical Museum, a Library, containing five thousand 
 volumes, a convenient Dissecting Hall, and an extensive 
 Physico-Chemical Laboratory. 
 
 Faculty of the Medical College of Georgia: 
 Geo. W. Rains, M. D., L.L. D , Dean; Ementus 
 Lewis D. Ford, M. D., L.L. D., Professor of the Insti- 
 tute and Practice of Medicine; J. A. Eve, M. D., Pro- 
 fessor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Infants ; 
 Emeritus L. A. Dugas, M. D., L.L. D., Professor of 
 the Principles and Practice of Surgery ; Geo. W. Rains, 
 M. D., L.L. D., Professor of Medical Chemistry and 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA, 49 
 
 Pharmacy; Henry F. Campbell, M. D., Professor of Op- 
 erative Surgery and Gynaecology ; DeSaussure Ford, M. 
 D., Professor of Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy; Ed- 
 ward Geddings, M. D., Professor of Physiology and Pa- 
 tholog}^ ; Robert C. Eve, M. D., Professor of Materia 
 Medica, Therapeutics and Medical Jurisprudence ; Geo. C. 
 Dugas, M.D., Adjuct to the Professor of Surgery; Thos. 
 R. Wright, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy and Prosec- 
 tor to the Professor of Anatomy; W. H. Doughty, Jr., 
 Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 
 Clinical Assistants — George C. Dugas, M.D., Thomas 
 R. Wright, M.D., Charles W. Hickman. M.D., Joseph E. 
 Allen, M.D., Theo. Lamb, M.D., A. E. Dugas, M.D., 
 W. H. Doughty, Jr., M.D., L. W. Fargo, M.D., E. G. 
 Eve, M. D. ; Charles T. Rich, Janitor. 
 
 Dr. George W. Rains, Dean, has been connected with 
 the Institution since 1866 ; is a native of Craven county, 
 N. C. ; gaduated at West Point in 1842 ; was appointed 
 Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Ge- 
 ology, two years at West Point, which position he re- 
 signed and went into the Mexican War. At the time of 
 the breaking out of the war between the States, Dr. Rains 
 was in Newburg, New York ; had charge of some exten- 
 sive Iron Works. He came to Augusta and assumed 
 charge, at the request of President Jefferson Davis, whom 
 he had known intimately at West Point, of the large Pow- 
 der Works located at Augusta, being the very man that 
 Mr. Davis wanted, having as fine a knowledge of machin- 
 ery as he had of chemistry. 
 
 Dr. Rains was made Dean of the Medical College in 
 1866; he is also Chairman of the Richmond Academy, 
 and to him belongs the credit of having organized and 
 got under headway that institution just after the war. 
 
 Dr. Joseph Adams Eve, father of Hon. Wm. F. Eve, 
 
50 SKETCHES OF A UG USTA, 
 
 Judge of the City Court, is of English descent ; was born 
 in Charleston, S. C, August ist, 1805; his parents re- 
 moved and settled in Richmond county, when he was 
 only six years of age. Dr. Eve graduated from the Med- 
 ical College of S. C, in 1828. He returned to Augusta 
 and established himself in the practice of medicine, and 
 for the past fifty-four years has been actively engaged in 
 the practice, and is now one of the most distinguished 
 physicians in the United States. In fact, the entire family 
 of Eves are distinguished as physicians throughout the 
 country. Dr. Joseph Eve has always made a specialty of 
 Obstetrics and Diseases of AVomen and Children. He 
 was one of the founders of the Medical College of Geor- 
 gia, being then appointed to Chair of Materia Medica and 
 Therapeutics. This position he continued to hold until 
 1839, when he was elected to the Chair of Obstetrics and 
 Diseases of Women and Children, to fill the vacancy oc- 
 casioned by the death of Dr. Milton Antony, to whom 
 the State of Georgia is especially indebted for this venera- 
 ble Institution of learning, which position Dr. Eve has 
 held up to the present time. 
 
 At the meeting of the American Gynaecological Society 
 in New York, Dr. Eve was said to be the oldest teacher 
 of Obstetrics in the United States. Is a member of the 
 Augusta Academy of Medicine, the Georgia State Medi- 
 cal Association ; is an honorary fellow of the American 
 Gynaecological Society of the Boston Gynaecological So- 
 ciety, and was a delegate to the International Medical 
 Congress at Philadelphia in 1876. Is also the author of 
 some very valuable contributions to medical literature 
 upon Materia Medica and Gynaecology, published from 
 time to time in the leading Medical Journals, He has 
 given to the Medical Profession of Augusta three distin- 
 guished sons — Dr. Sterling C. Eve, Dr. Robert C. Eve, 
 and Dr. Joseph E. Eve, who died one year ago, in his 
 
SKETCHES OF A UG USTA. 5 1 
 
 promising young manhood. In Augusta, in one family, 
 we find the representation of three generations actively 
 engaged in the profession of Medicine. Dr. Robert C 
 Eve now holds the Professorship of Materia Medica and 
 Therapeutics, being the same chair that his venerable 
 and distinguished father occupied in the infancy of this 
 noble Institution. 
 
 Three of the most celebrated physicians in the South, 
 and founders of the Medical College, at Augusta still live : 
 Drs. L. D. Ford, Joseph A. Eve, and L. A. Dugas. 
 
 Dr. Charlbs W. Hickman. 
 
 This distinguished young physician is a native of Au- 
 gusta; was born 15th August, 1852. Becoming infatu- 
 ated with the science of medicine, after finishing his 
 Academic studies he devoted himself to its studies, 
 graduating at the Medical College ot Georgia, March 1, 
 1873. He was ambitious, and not content with what he 
 deemed an insufficient preparation for so complicated and 
 profound a science as medicine, he went abroad and spent 
 four years in Europe, an indefatigable student and searcher 
 after knowledge. 
 
 Although a student at London, Paris, Berlin and Vi- 
 enna, diligently seeking knowledge from almost every 
 source within his reach, yet most of his time was spent 
 between London and Vienna. While earnest in the in- 
 vestigations of all departments of his profession, he pur- 
 sued more than all the others the studies of the Eye, Ear 
 and Throat diseases. In this way he combined the great 
 advantages of the German Colleges, with the large clini- 
 cal advantages only to be obtained at London, where the 
 seeker after such knowledge had the benefit of seeing 
 yearly as many as twenty-five thousand cases of the Eye 
 alone at the great Hospitals at Moorfields. 
 
 The many sufferers he has relieved in Augusta, restoring 
 
52 SKETCHES OF A UQ USTA. 
 
 sight and hearing, attest the skill and proficiency with 
 which he has practiced his profession in his native city for 
 several years. 
 
 Dr. Hickman is the son of H. H. Hickman, President 
 of the Graniteville Factory. He can be found at his office, 
 117 Campbell Street, from 9 a.m. , to 11 a. m., and from 
 3 to 5 p. M. 
 
SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 53 
 
 Sketches of Sandersville, Ga, 
 
 Sandersville, 
 
 Washington county, Georgia, with a population of about 
 1,500, is sixty miles from Macon, at the terminus of the 
 Sandersville & Tennille Railroad, a branch of three miles 
 from the Central Railroad. 
 
 Sandersville is one hundred years old, and has some 
 historic fame. The old Court House of Sandersville helped 
 to light the pathway of Sherman in his "march to the 
 sea." It was rebuilt in 1868. The population of V/ash- 
 ington county is about 23,000. The voting population, 
 3,200. 
 
 On the public square there stands a handsome monu- 
 ment, erected to the memory of Ex-Governor Irwin, of 
 this State, showing in what reverence and esteem he was 
 held by the citizens. It is very much to the credit of any 
 people who reverence their dead statesmen and heroes, 
 like Virginia, for instance. Capitol square in Richmond, 
 the prettiest place in the world, is full of handsome monu- 
 ments, erected to the distinguished dead, showing that 
 men do not always live in vain. There is one man in 
 Georgia who ought to have a monument over him when 
 he dies — t?t memoriam of a dead past — General Toombs. 
 He still clanks the chains of an unpardoned rebel, and will, 
 to his dying day. He belongs to the past — he is the ghost 
 of the dead Confederacy— "madman that roams through a 
 ruin in search of a dream." He has naught to do with the 
 present. To me there is something sublime in General 
 Toombs, who so gallantly defended the heights of Antietam 
 against Burnside, going down to the grave 2.xv unreconstructed 
 
54 SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 
 
 Rebel. General Toombs remarked two or three years ago, 
 that whenever he felt his hatred toward the Yankees waver- 
 ing a little — he stopped on his way to the White Sulphur 
 and got ''old ]\x-bal (with the emphasis on the last syllable) 
 Early to cuss 'em out one more time, and then he was all 
 right again." Having had the pleasure of hearing General 
 Early cuss 'em out myself (metaphorically) on one or two 
 occasions, I can appreciate the gratification which is very 
 foreign to Sandersville, but I hope to be excused. This is 
 not intended to be anything of a history of Sandersville — 
 but a brief summary of events, as they are at present, and 
 some personal notices of a few of the citizens. I am sure 
 I never was in a more delightful little city, or ever met 
 more congenial, charming people, and my only regret was 
 that circumstances compelled my stay to be so brief. 
 
 Hon. Mr. Newman, Ordinary was elected January, 
 1 88 1, and as an on dit^ that he has a "homestead" on the 
 office. Major Haywood Brookin was the first Ordinary 
 the county ever had, remained in that office until he died, 
 in 1875. Was succeeded by C. C. Brown, who was suc- 
 ceeded by the present incumbent. Mr. Newman is a 
 Polander, and has been here since 1877, being in the mer- 
 cantile business prior to his election to the Ordinary's office. 
 When Mr. Newman entered on the duties of his office one 
 year ago, Washington county was in debt ;^4,8i2. This 
 debt, owing to its accomplished financier, has been paid in 
 full, leaving this i6th day of March, 1882, in the County 
 Treasury, $2,'joo in cash. The taxes were eighty cents on 
 the hundred dollars, which he reduced the first year to 
 seventy cents. For the year 1882 they will be reduced to 
 fifty cents, which is certainly very remarkable. The people 
 of Washington county are more than delighted with the 
 present management of their affairs, and are enthusiastic 
 in their praise of Mr. Newman. Mr. Newman, aside from 
 his popularity as a county official, is highly educated, and 
 
SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 55 
 
 speaks four languages fluently. Mr. Newman is President 
 of the Board of Education. 
 
 The Clerk of the Superior Court is A. M. Mayo ; 
 County Treasurer, O. H. Rogers, of the famous law firm 
 of Hines & Rogers. 
 
 Hon. B. T. Rawlings, Mayor of the city, elected Sep- 
 tember, 1 88 1, by a handsome majority of four to one (think 
 that is correct) is the youngest Mayor ever elected, and 
 is a very intelligent as well as practical gentleman, and 
 sustains himself to the entire satisfaction of the citizens of 
 Sandersville. Full of energy and enterprise, Mr. Raw- 
 lings took an active part in the establishment of the Public 
 Schools of Sandersville, which has been so successful from 
 the beginning, outside of which, he has shown himself 
 equally as much interested, and willing to aid liberally, 
 any other enterprise that would contribute to the advance- 
 ment of the city of Sandersville. The city is fortunate in 
 having such a Mayor. 
 
 The Rawlings Brothers own the Sandersville Hotel, 
 which we will speak of later. Mr. Rawlings has also a 
 store for furnishing general plantation supplies. The three 
 young men, the Brothers," appear to have been very 
 successful in their different vocations, which reminds us of 
 Dr. Wm. Rawlings, the fast rising young doctor, or one 
 who has already "risen," having practiced medicine in 
 Sandersville since 1876, and is rapidly gaining an excellent 
 reputation, for surgery, which is his specialty. 
 
 Dr. Rawlings has had the benefit of the finest institu- 
 tions of learning in the world, and practice and experience 
 in various home and foreign hospitals. Having graduated 
 in Baltimore and New York, he took a Post-graduate 
 course in London and Paris, for more than a year. His 
 almost unprecedented success has established his reputa- 
 tion beyond question, while a brilliant future lies before 
 him. Young, ambitious, and handsome, he has only to 
 
56 SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 
 
 continue in the pathway mapped out for himself, and his 
 future is assured. 
 
 Dr. Rawhngs was offered a Chair in the Medical Uni- 
 versity at Atlanta, and accepted for a short time, but re- 
 signed, deciding to remain here, and he has never regret- 
 ted it, as his books show an average of $6poo a year since 
 he first began practice. 
 
 Sandersville High School 
 
 was established, overruling a little prejudice against pub- 
 public schools, a little over a year ago. Those who then 
 opposed it, as well as others, are delighted with the 
 change. 
 
 From the Mayor we learned that the High School was 
 organized in 1881. They have a handsome public build- 
 ing, with an aggregate school fund of ^4,000 a year 
 arising from the interest of the S. & T. Railroad bonds, 
 the whiskey license, and the pro rata of the Public School 
 Fund, making an amply sufficient sum to meet all expen- 
 ses. 
 
 The retail liquor houses are taxed ,^500 00 each, which 
 brings quite a little sum to the city, which is set aside for 
 the above named purpose. The High School is in a 
 highly prosperous condition under the able management 
 of the accomplished principal, Prof. V/. H. Lawson, who 
 has had seventeen years of experience in teaching. 
 
 The Principal courteously informed us that the school 
 under his control had on the roll one hundred and sixty- 
 five pupils, employing five teaches. It is graded in nine 
 grades, and the pupils thoroughly prepared for every Col- 
 lege in the State. Everything is taught here from the 
 lowest to the highest branches of mathematics and the 
 languages. 
 
 The colored department has one hundred and seventy- 
 five, pupils and three teachers, all colored. 
 
SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 57 
 
 The teachers in the Sandersville High School, besides 
 the Principal, Prof. Lawson, are Mrs. Robinson, Mrs. 
 Maria Haynes, Miss Alice Hardnett and Miss Sallie Davis. 
 
 Prof. Lawson has a reputation as a teacher inferior to 
 none. He is a gentleman forty years of age, and a grad- 
 uate of the University of Georgia, at Athens ; vi^as a 
 Confederate soldier, and served in the Forty-ninth Geor- 
 gia Regiment during the war. 
 
 Sandersville Post Office. 
 
 There is not a small town in the State that has as ele- 
 gantly appointed Post Office as Sandersville, nor, perhaps, 
 as popular a Post Master. Dr. John B. Roberts, Post 
 Master, was the architect of the strikingly beautiful design 
 of the new front, combining both elegance and conven- 
 ience, which he had stamped at the Yale Lock Manufact- 
 uring Company, in Connecticut. 
 
 Dr. Roberts was appointed to the office about a year 
 ago. He is a native of Washington county, and was a 
 member of the First Georgia Regiment, afterwards in the 
 Forty-Ninth, commanded at the close by Col. Jordan, of 
 Sparta. Dr. Roberts has been mentioned in several books 
 and pamphlets of the war for his conspicuous bravery. 
 Quoting from a history of the Forty-Ninth Georgia Regi- 
 ment as follows : 
 
 ''Among the many heroes whose names stand high on 
 the roll of fame h'om old Georgia, the gallant, daring, des- 
 perate deeds of courage of Lieutenant John B, Roberts, 
 scout for Wilcox Division, bears second rank to none, and 
 he has gained for himself a name which will long be promi- 
 nent in the Empire State of the South. 
 
 He has frequently penetrated to the very heart of the 
 enemy's camp, and safely returned, bearing information of 
 the greatest value. He has taken prisoners in the lines, 
 undergoing great personal risk, and brought them triumph- 
 
58 SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 
 
 antly into camp. He has seized videttes upon their posts 
 and marched them into the Confederate line. His courage 
 is not the result of impulse, but of that cool and deliberate 
 character, which renders him a dangerous enemy." 
 
 Again, we find the following, headed "a young and 
 DAKING officer:" " Upon the recommendation of the 
 commanding General, Lieutenant John B. Roberts, com- 
 manding sharp- shooters of the Forty-Ninth Georgia Regi- 
 ment, (and the well known scout of the Wilcox Light 
 Division,) has been promoted to the rank of Captaincy by 
 the Secretary of War, for gallant and meritorious conduct 
 during the late battles around Petersburg. Long life to 
 the Captain, and may he continue to 72se as he makes the 
 enemy fall.'' 
 
 Dr. Roberts is a fine writer himself, and contributed to 
 the paper here some very valuable, as well as interesting 
 letters of travel, while in Europe a few years ago. The 
 author will always remember him with a great deal of 
 pleasure. All public officials oiight to be polite and at- 
 tentive, but all are not. However, Dr. Roberts is just as 
 attentive and affable as he can be to every one, and a great 
 favorite with all classes of society. 
 
 Sandersville has the most unique and romantic Council 
 Chambers, built in the form, I believe, of a hexagon, with 
 an outside stairway leading to the chamber, where his 
 "Honor," Mayor Rawlings, presides over the destinies 
 and future punishments " of those who have ''trans- 
 gressed the law." The building is very pretty nnd highly 
 ornamented. 
 
 The City Council consist of Dr. H. N. Hollifield, G. D. 
 Worthen, J. K. Hines, C. J. Duggan, W. H. Boyer; C. 
 M. Mitchell, City Clerk and Treasurer. County Treasurer, 
 O. H. Rogers. 
 
 Dr. Hollifield is an old and highly esteemed citizen, and 
 one of the most prominent citizens in this section of 
 
SKETCHES OF SANDERS VILLE. 59 
 
 country. He is a Marylander, but has lived here twenty- 
 seven years of his life. He was educated in Philadelphia, 
 and spent one year in the practice of medicine in New 
 Jersey ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention, 
 and was for eight years the Judge of the Inferior Court, 
 which office was abolished at the close of the war. Dr. 
 Hollifield was a surgeon in the Confederate Army. He 
 enlisted in the army as Captain of the Sandersville Light 
 Artillery. He is a noted man in his community, and has 
 filled various honorable positions of trust, always to 
 the satisfaction of those who placed him there. He is 
 the County School Commissioner and Secretary of the 
 Board of Education. 
 
 Sandersville has about thirty business houses, five phy- 
 sicians, and seven lawyers. The most famous law firm in 
 Sandersville is that of Hines & Rogers, both young men, 
 in the midst of a fine practice. Mr. Hines was admitted to 
 the bar in Savannah, having read law under Hon. Rufus E, 
 Lester ; began the practice some eight years ago. 
 
 Mr. Rogers read law under Mr. Hines, and was admit- 
 ted before Herschel V. Johnson. 
 
 These young men are in the midst of a very successful 
 practice, and the citizens point to them with pride. 
 
 A rather laughable incident occurred recently in Court : 
 Mr. Hines was the opposing attorney in the case with 
 Judge Montgomery, from Augusta, an ex-Supreme Court 
 Judge. Mr. Hines turned to and read some of Judge 
 Montgomery's own Supreme Court decisions against 
 him, and v/on his case, creating some diversion in the Court 
 room. (This came to us outside, as we did not have the 
 pleasure of meeting Mr. Hines.) 
 
 Orr Brothers. 
 
 The most prominent firm in the mercantile line at San- 
 dersville is the above, successors to Pringle & Orr, v/hole- 
 
60 SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 
 
 sale and retail dealers in groceries, provisions, hardware, 
 guanos, and agents for the Eureka Mills." 
 
 The Orr Brothers have a branch house at Tennille, and 
 do, in the course of the year, a business amounting to a 
 hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 The firm, under its present management, was estab- 
 lished here December a year ago. Capt. Orr was, for 15 
 years, a salesman in the same house, and is as popular 
 personally as he is well known. Want of space forces us 
 to make these notices brief. He certainly will always have 
 the best wishes of the writer for his success in all future 
 embarkations. 
 
 T. H. Sparks & Co., established here eight years ago, 
 is an exclusive dry goods house, and successors to J. J. 
 Sparks. They keep a handsome line of goods, and the 
 firm is a popular one. Remember, east side of Public 
 Square. 
 
 One of the most prominent citizens, as well as one who 
 takes a live interest in the present and future welfare of 
 Sandersville, is Mr. C. R. Pringle, President of the San- 
 dersville & Tennille Railroad. Mr. Pringle is a native 
 of Monroe county, Georgia, but spent a large part of his 
 early life in Barnesville, Georgia. Mr. Pringle has been 
 in the mercantile business here since 1866, under the firm 
 name of Brantley & Pringle, afterwards C. R. Pringle, 
 then he sold out to the Orr Brothers, December, 188 1. 
 
 The Sandersville & Tennille Railroad was something very 
 much needed by the people of Sandersville, and also the 
 visiting public — the city being three miles from the main 
 road of the Central. The road was built in 1876; it cost 
 in all, rolling stock, equipments, etc., ;^22,ooo, and has 
 been a prosperous investment, and is a great credit to the 
 city. 
 
 Mr. Pringle has lived in Sandersville twenty years; he 
 owns a merchant mill, known as the Eureka Mill" — 
 
SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 61 
 
 four mills, two of wheat and two of corn. Mr. Pringle is 
 president of the old board of Trustees. He is full of 
 business, having at the same time several plantations that 
 take up a large portion of his time. Ardent and straight- 
 forward and keenly alive to anything that will promote the 
 interest of the community among which he resides; as 
 honest as he is fearless in denouncing what he thinks 
 wrong or unjust; you will but rarely find a man so univer- 
 sally regarded as incorruptible as to integrity and honesty 
 of purpose. This is the estimation in which the public 
 regard Mr. Pringle in Sandersville. At the same time he 
 is the most modest and least assuming person you ever 
 met, A prominent . citizen (Capt. Orr) informed the 
 writer that he did not think that there was any power on 
 earth that could tempt Mr. Pringle to commit a wrong 
 act. What higher compliment could be paid a man ? 
 
 Mr. Pringle is a scientific as well as practical planter, 
 and has contributed some very valuable suggestions to the 
 planting community in the way of newspaper letters 
 adapted to each season of the year, and each period of 
 the month ; compiled and issued in book form it seems 
 they would be a valuable acquisition to agricultural litera- 
 ture. 
 
 In conclusion, I would like to say that I think the peo- 
 ple of Sandersville the most hospitable and charming peo- 
 ple I ever met, and that my short stay there will always 
 be a delightful memory, and that I agree with my hand- 
 some and distinguished young friend, Mr. Richard W. 
 Cone, that the Sandersville people ought to be lauded 
 to the skies J of whom he is which.'' 
 
 For much of my pleasure aiid comfort while there, I 
 am especially indebted to the courtesy of that most ex- 
 cellent hotel landlord. Captain Latimer, and would take 
 pleasure in advising all travelers not to fail to stop at the 
 
 Sandersville Hotel,'' if they v/ant to be comfortable and 
 
62 SKETCHES OF SANDERSVILLE. 
 
 well cared for. He serves the best of food in the most 
 excellent style, and you are waited on by polite and atten- 
 tive servants, who serve you willingly, and you will have 
 the satisfaction of remembering that you stopped with the 
 stateliest and finest looking gentleman in all that section of 
 country. Remember Captain Latimer. 
 
SKETCHES OF SPARTA. 
 
 Sketches of Sparta, Ga. 
 
 Sparta, Georgia. 
 
 Sparta, seventy miles from Augusta, on the Macon & 
 Augusta Railroad, is the county site of Hancock county, 
 and has a population of nearly one thousand people. It 
 it is an old town, and has changed but little since the war. 
 It is a pleasant old place, and long ago, as is yet, a great 
 summer resort for the low country people. Notwithstand- 
 ing it is a small town, yet they are an appreciative peo- 
 ple, and have a beautiful Confederate Monument, recently 
 erected by the ladies of Sparta. 
 
 Sparta is at present much exercised over a $25,000 
 court house in course of erection, to be finished by the 
 1st of October; it will be a very handsome building, and 
 will be a credit to the city. Parkins & Bruce of Atlanta, 
 are the architects. Mr. James Smith is the contractor. 
 He says that when finished it will be the best masonry in 
 the State, outside of the Custom House in Atlanta. 
 
 The county of Hancock was laid out in 1793, and 
 Sparta made the seat of justice in 1797. Sparta has sev- 
 enteen business houses, one bank, one drug store, eight 
 lawyers, and six physicians ; a high school under the 
 management of a young gentleman who recently graduated 
 at Nashville — Prof. Orr; two private schools, and four 
 Churches of the " usual denominations." Cotton receipts 
 are between seven and eight thousand bales annually. 
 
 Bishop Pierce, so widely known and beloved throughout 
 the South, has a country residence four miles from Sparta. 
 His son, Mr. Lovick Pierce, is the largest and most influ- 
 ential merchant of Sparta, doing a general merchandise as 
 well as small jobbing business. Mr. Pierce is a native of 
 
64 SKETCHES OF SPARTA. 
 
 Bibb county, Georgia, and was born in the Wesleyan Fe- 
 male College, at Macon, Bishop Pierce, his father, being 
 President of the College at that time. Bishop Pierce was 
 the first President of the Wesleyan Female College. 
 
 Mr. Lovick Pierce was educated at Emory College, grad- 
 uating in i860 ; was at College at the same time that Dr. 
 Haygood was, who was one class ahead of him. Mr. 
 Pierce entered the army July, 1861, in the Fifteenth Geor- 
 gia Regiment, Col. Thomas H. Thomas commanding, 
 who was at the same time Judge of the Superior Court, 
 and Linton Stephens Lieutenant Colonel of the Regi- 
 ment. In 1862, Mr. Pierce was made Adjutant-Gen- 
 eral. He was wounded twice at Gettysburg, and in the 
 memorable battles around Richmond. Strange to say, Mr. 
 Pierce never lost a day's duty during the war, except from 
 his wounds. What a faithful soldier he must have been ! 
 He surrendered with Lee at Appomattox, came home in 
 1865, and went into business. He is a prosperous mer- 
 chant, and did last year a business of ;^ 125,000. 
 
 Judge Frank Little, County Judge of Hancock, is 
 " dead in love " with the Sparta Court House. His whole 
 soul, time and attention is devoted to it; it is his idol; he 
 swears by it, dreams about it by day and by night, and 
 will be the happiest man alive when it is finished. Judge 
 Little has been County Judge for ten years; was formerly 
 editor of the Times and Ishmaelite ; is a native of Harris 
 county, and was admitted to the bar at LaGrange; was in 
 Toombs' Brigade, and in the same mess with Mr. Pierce, 
 and is a genial, companionable gentleman ; has already 
 selected the nicest room in the new court house for his 
 office ; wish him much joy of it. 
 
 Ordinary, R. H. Lewis ; Clerk of the Superior Court, 
 Dr. T. J. Andrews ; Dr. Andrews was appointed to fill an 
 unexpired term ; was afterwards regularly elected, 1st of 
 January, 1781. Is an old citizen, and a native of Taliaferro 
 
SKETCHES OF SPARTA. 65 
 
 county, and has lived here since 185 i ; is a graduate of 
 the Georgia Medical College — graduated in August, 1859; 
 was in the State Senate during the war, and is a nephew 
 of Judge Andrews, who died at Washington. 
 
 Hon. John T. Jordan, of Sparta, attorney at law, was a 
 gallant Confederate officer in the Forty-ninth Regiment, 
 having rose to the rank of Colonel before the close. 
 
 He went out as a private and was promoted to the rank 
 of Colonel. Mr. Newman, Ordinary at Sandersville, was 
 Adjutant of this regiment ; Col. Jordan was wounded at 
 the fall of Richmond. He is a native of Washington 
 county, and came here to live in October, 1865, with ''all 
 lost save honor." He came to Sparta with nothing in the 
 world to begin his career, except the intellect that Heaven 
 had given him, and a Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. 
 He rose rapidly, and has now a handsome practice. 
 
 Col. C. W. DuBose, the oldest lawyer at the Sparta 
 bar, has lived here since quite young, and began the prac- 
 tice of law ; was, at one time. Ordinary of the county, in 
 1857 or 1859; Clerk of the Superior Court before 
 
 and during the war; was in the Legislature during the 
 war, and served one term since; was State Senator four 
 years. Is a fine character, and a zealous member of the 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Hon. Seaborn Reese, is a son of Hon. Augustus Reese, 
 of Madison. Mr. Reese graduated at Athens since the 
 war ; read law with his father and practiced in Augusta, 
 then in Madison, in copartnership with his father; was in 
 the Legislature one term from Morgan county, and occu- 
 pied a conspicuous position ; was afterwards appointed 
 by Gov. Colquitt Solicitor-General of the Northern Circuit, 
 and made a great reputation for himself in that line. In 
 1880 was appointed one of the Hancock Electors. He 
 has a fine practice, and is considered one of the ablest 
 lawyers of the circuit. 
 
66 
 
 SKETCHES OF SPARTA. 
 
 No one could want a pleasanter summer place than 
 Sparta. The climate is delightful and the water good, 
 and the Sparta Hotel, Edwards House," kept by Mr. J. 
 T. Bowen, is large, airy and well ventilated ; rooms twenty 
 feet square on an average, the most immense windows, 
 twenty-four panes of glass to a window, the panes being 
 12x14 inches; the end rooms have four of these large 
 windows, and all the others two ; so one can have as much 
 ventilation as one wants. 
 
 This old hotel reminds one of the days departed — it is 
 fifty-three years old. The proprietor is an affable, accom- 
 modating landlord, and strives to see that his guests are 
 *'happy." Mr. Bowen is a gentleman from Gainesville, 
 Ga. ; was in the Eleventh Georgia Kegiment — Frank L. 
 Little, Colonel. Mr. Bowen has been here twelve years, 
 and will be glad to have "every body" come up and 
 spend the summer with him. 
 
SKETCHES OF MADISON. 67 
 
 Sketches of Madison, Ga, 
 
 Madison, Georgia, 
 
 is the prettiest and most prosperous little city on the 
 Georgia Railroad, between Atlanta and Augusta. It has 
 been the county site of Morgan county since 1809. Has 
 a population of 3,000. Madison was settled in 1807, before 
 the Indians left this country. Madison has long been 
 celebrated for its culture and refineinejit, Morgan county 
 being one of the wealthiest counties in Georgia previous 
 to the war. It is also noted for the high tone of its society. 
 Another remarkable fact is that there are more Northern 
 settlers in Morgan county than any county in the State. 
 The greater part of that are planters however. And to 
 prove the harmonious relations that exist between the 
 citizens and the Northern settlers, we will state that the 
 Clerk of the Superior Court, Mr. E. Heyser, is a Northern 
 man, elected to this office fourteen years ago, shortly 
 after coming out here. Moreover, Mr. Heyser has always 
 maintained his attitude as an uncompromising Republican. 
 Again, he came South — that despised of all things, in the 
 Southern States, a teacher in the colored schools. At 
 this present time no man in the State stands higher for 
 integrity and ability to discharge the duties of his office, and 
 for honesty of purpose^ than the Clerk of the Superior Court. 
 Mr. Heyser is a native of Pennsylvania. We only men- 
 tion these facts in proof of the kindly relations between the 
 two sections. A very much better feeling would exist, 
 and many more Northern people be delighted to emigrate 
 South, were it not for fear of social ostracism. 
 
 Apropos to this. We are in the habit of applauding 
 
68 
 
 SKETCHES OF MADISON. 
 
 those persons who renounce society and civilization, and 
 go as teachers among the heathen to China and Africa^ and 
 among the Indians, but when the Northern Missionaries 
 came South to do what they honestly believed to be their 
 duty in teaching the negro, we railed out at them. 
 
 Viewed from a sensible standpoint the whole thing looks 
 ridiculous at this present time. I shall never forget the 
 feeling of horror with which I viewed the first school 
 teacher for negroes — a white w^oman from the North — I 
 ever saw. She was at least eight feet tall, and wore a two 
 story white apron — commonly known as a apron — 
 
 and took out for a promenade about fifty little negroes, of 
 all shapes and sizes, trotting along at her heels. I think if 
 the woman had known what vindictive, resentful feelings 
 her presence aroused, she would have had uneasy slumbers 
 that night. 
 
 Of course, the Southern people have gotten over all that 
 nonsense, and are perfectly willing now that the negro 
 should be educated. 
 
 Morgan county has the handsomest and mos>t distingtdshed 
 looking Judge in the State. Judge Calvin George, a former 
 prominent member of the Bar of Madison. The Ordinary^ 
 T. B. Baldwin, is a brother of H. W. Baldwin, private secre- 
 tary of Hon. Alexander H. Stephens. Mr. Baldwin was 
 elected August, 1877, and re- elected January, 188 1 ; is a 
 native of Madison. The Bar of Madison consists of twelve 
 members. Hon. Joseph Billups, now of Macon, for a long 
 time made Madison his home. The Hon. Augustus Reese, 
 an old and prominent member of the Georgia Bar, has 
 lived in Madison nearly all his life and is very much he- 
 loved, as well as admired by the Madison people. 
 
 P. S. Burney, Mayor is a native of Madison — was elec- 
 ted to fill an unexpired term, and was re-elected a short 
 time ago. Mr. Burney is an influential citizen, a promi- 
 nent merchant, and an elegant gentleman, and administers 
 
SKETCHES OF MADISON. 69 
 
 the affairs of the city to the entire satisfaction of the citizens. 
 He is in partnership with his brother, Mr. Samuel A. 
 Burney ; has a large and handsome brick dry goods store, 
 seventy-two by thirty feet, and has been in business ten 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Samuel A. Burney is one of the most interesting 
 persons in conversation the writer has ever met. He is a 
 graduate of the Macon University, and Treasurer now of 
 the Baptist Convention of the State of Georgia, and was 
 a member of Cobb's Legion, during the war. 
 
 The Madison Male High School is in charge of Professor 
 E. W. Butler. P. W. Butler has charge of the Female 
 School. " Forest Home Institute" is in charge of Mrs. E. 
 Nebhut. 
 
 M. A. Peteet 
 Is the proprietor of an elegantly appointed and popular 
 drug store — perhaps the most popular in the town — estab- 
 lished here fourteen years ago. Mr. Peteet was for ten 
 years with Dr. N. B. Atkinson, who has retired from the 
 business. The beautiful assortment of books and fancy 
 articles, with everything pertaining to a drug store, make 
 it an attractive place. Mr. Peteet is so affable and cordial 
 in his manner that his popularity is hardly to be wondered at. 
 
 Dr. Alberte Andrews, 
 
 Insurance Agent at Madison, represents four companies, 
 the principal of which is the Southern Mutual, of Athens; 
 also, Georgia Home, Columbus ; Liverpool, London and 
 Globe, and North British and Mercantile. Dr. Andrews 
 has been engaged in business since 1865. He represents 
 more than three fourths of the business done in the county. 
 His companies have promptly paid up all claims, and have 
 no unadjusted losses. The Southern Mutual has just paid 
 up $4,000 loss on the Baptist Female College, burned the 
 first of February. This company is particularly noted for 
 
70 SKETCHES OF MADISON. 
 
 its promptness and for the little trouble the holders of poHcies 
 have in collections. 
 
 Col. David S. Johnston, 
 
 the present Postmaster at Madison, is a native of North 
 CaroHna ; was born in Caswell county, August 26th, 1826, 
 and is a descendant of a very wealthy and influential family. 
 Col. Johnston graduated at the University of North Caro- 
 Hna, at Chapel Hill, with first honors, on the first Thurs- 
 day of June, 1846, and on the next Thursday joined the 
 army for the war with Mexico, where he served with dis- 
 tinction until the close. He was admitted to the Bar in 
 1850, and had the honor of representing his county in the 
 House in the same year. In the spring of 185 1 he left his 
 home for St. Louis. Stopping in Madison for a few days 
 to visit his relatives, who were among the early settlers of 
 the town and are now the wealthiest and most prominent 
 citizens of the place, he met his fate^ in the person of the 
 then charming and beautiful Miss Saffold — at a dining at 
 Armadale Cottage, the residence of his cousin, Mrs. General 
 Jessup- — to whom he was married on February 1 6th, 1853. 
 The charming society of Georgia induced him to locate in 
 Augusta. The young lady to whom he was married, was 
 the possessor of great wealth, owning a large number of 
 slaves — which, in those long ago days before the war, con- 
 stituted the glory of a Southern household. Col. John- 
 ston, having either to give up the law or abandon his 
 slaves — of whom he owned a large number himself — made 
 up his mind to give up the former; which he did, and turn- 
 ed his attention to the improvement of the soil, which had | 
 been impoverished by indifferent tillage He converted 
 his large estate principally into land and negroes, and re- 
 moved to his extensive plantation on the Chattahoochee 
 river, in Early county — looking, as people did in those 
 days, to the increase of slaves as a source of revenue. 
 
SKETCHES OF MADISOK 
 
 71 
 
 When he saw that war was inevitable, he sought a Gov- 
 ernment contract in order to secure a bomb-proof. When 
 asked if he would take a contract to construct armed 
 barges to protect the Chhattahoochee river, he answered 
 that he would engage to build a gunboat on his plantation 
 with his slaves. 
 
 Without ever having seen a gunboat, and with only the 
 specifications before him, he entered into a contract to 
 build, and did build one. He had his specifications in the 
 hands of his naval constructor, commenced work, and within 
 a month had one hundred and fifty hands at work. 
 
 After the destruction of Pensacola Navy Yard, in 1861, 
 his force was increased to two hundred and fifty — ship car- 
 penters, mechanics and laborers. For all of these he had 
 provided quarters and rations — which was of itself quite an 
 enterprise. After the destruction of the iron-clad Virgin- 
 ia, in Hampton Roads, Captain Catesby Jones, with a 
 large number of the officers and crew, was sent to Safifold, 
 Georgia, and placed in charge of the gunboat Chattahoo- 
 chee — which this most enterprising planter had contracted 
 to build on his plantation with only his slaves, and which 
 he had constructed, with the assistance of others, with- 
 great credit for his energy, enterprise and correct judg- 
 ment, and to the satisfaction of the Confederate authorities. 
 
 Col. Johnston accepted the Reconstruction measures 
 with the grace which, for the vanquished, is always the 
 better part of wisdom. 
 
 He endeavored to plant after the old style, and in 1867 
 planted one thousand acres in cotton, losing ;^ 13,000. 
 Finding that to make Southern agriculture profitable he 
 must identify the labor with the land, he cut up his large 
 plantation into small and conveniently arranged farms, sell- 
 ing them to the negroes on time, and provided them with 
 a mule and his own place to cultivate, In this way they 
 were taught self reliance , It is now a fact that more ne- 
 
72 SKETCHES OF MADISON. 
 
 groes own farms in Morgan county than in any other 
 county in Georgia, — which is the outcome and result of 
 Col. Johnston's most admirable manner of dealing with 
 the newly freed slave. 
 
 Col. Johnston occupies the old Saffold homestead, so 
 well known in this section of country, adorned as it is with 
 the grand old cedars of Lebanon, stately oaks, and the 
 most splendid camelia japonicas— ^Z;/ years old — that are 
 in America. He was appointed Postmaster April ist, 1880, 
 which office he fills with credit to himself and satisfaction 
 to his friends. 
 
SKETCHES OF WAYNESBORO. 73 
 
 Sketches of Waynesboro, Ga. 
 
 Waynesboro, Burke County, Georgia, 
 
 has a population of 1,200; annual cotton receipts amount 
 to 12,000 bales. It is a level, beautifully located town, 
 and the society there is highly cultivated and refined, hav- 
 ing long enjoyed the best educational advantages. Waynes- 
 boro* is situated in the midst of the richest and finest cot- 
 ton-growing region in the State — there are only about four 
 or five counties in the State that make more cotton than 
 Burke county; it is a splendid business centre, with aeon 
 tinuously increasing trade. 
 
 Major Wilkins, a wealthy and prominent citizen of 
 Waynesboro', has recently built and opened an exceedingly 
 handsome and convenient Hotel, more elegantly fitted up 
 and finished inside, and more complete in details ^\t\idin any 
 hotel in Augusta, not even the Planters" excepted, (I 
 have stopped at every hotel in Augusta since writing these 
 Sketches. ) The most elegant taste is visible throughout 
 the entire building. There is no small town in the State 
 that can boast as handsome a hotel, with the exception of 
 the Arlington," at Gainesville, finished a year or so ago, 
 at a cost of ;^ 2 5, 000. 
 
 The ''sojourner by the wayside," as he stops at the 
 Waynesboro* Arlington, dines off solid silver^ and has his 
 (esthetic tastes gratified by lovely bouquets at his plate and 
 his salads garnished in the most exquisite style, showing 
 that, notwithstanding Mr. Jones, the handsome young 
 landlord, was educated at Stuttgart, he '' knows how to 
 keep a hotel." 
 
74 SKETCHES OF WAYNESBORO. 
 
 John Devereux Ashton. 
 
 A SHORT SKETCH OF A DISTINGUISHED BURKE COUNTY LAWYER. 
 
 The genius, taste, and great success in law, has not only- 
 secured a State reputation for Mr. Ashton, but has exerted 
 a formative power upon the intellectual and political senti- 
 ments of the community where he resides. Mr. Ashton 
 Avas born in Meade county, Kentucky, June 26th, 1836. 
 His paternal ancestors were Virginians, of old English 
 stock ; on the mother's side, Irish. His grandfather, 
 Patrick Devereux, becoming involved in the Rebellion of 
 '98, escaped to America, and landed in the Old Dominion. 
 
 Mr. Ashton received his academic course in Brecken- 
 ridge county, Ky., and finished at ttt. Mary's College, near 
 Lebanon, Ky. 
 
 In his twentieth year he came to Georgia ; was admitted 
 to the Bar, and formed a partnership with Hon. George R. 
 Black — now in Congress. In 1839 he was married to Miss 
 Sallie G. Roberts, of Scriven county, Ga. ; afterward moved 
 to Waynesboro', and formed a partnership with the late 
 Judge S. A. Corker. 
 
 Mr. Ashton was appointed a delegate to the ever-memo- 
 rable Charleston Convention, from the Eighth Congres- 
 sional District, but was unable to attend. In April Mr. 
 Ashton went into the Army as a private in Company D, 
 Second Georgia Regiment ; was afterward Captain in Com- 
 pany D, Forty-seventh Georgia Regiment, and subse- 
 quently of Company M, Fourth Georgia Cavalry, com- 
 manded by Col. I. W. Avery, Private Secretary of Gov. 
 Colquitt. 
 
 After the surrender Mr. Ashton returned to Waynes- 
 boro', and has since devoted himself to the practice of 
 his profession, achieving great distinction for his subtle 
 elucidation of principles and analyses of authorities. — 
 Whether amid the arid regions of law and business or the 
 
SKETCHES OF WAYNESBORO. 75 
 
 obscure depths of metaphysics, he is equally at home, pos- 
 sessing in a high degree the gift of philosophic analysis — a 
 man of clear, direct, uncircumspected thought, with learn- 
 ing of a wide range, and information still more wonderful 
 in its minuteness and accuracy. His mental acquirements 
 have kept pace with his splendid physical stature, while his 
 address is the perfection of finished elegance. 
 
 S. A. Gray, General Merchant, 
 
 is one of the most prominent and successful business men 
 in the State, and one who owes his present high elevation 
 in commercial circles solely to his own exertions and native 
 talent. From the first he acquired the confidence and es- 
 teem of all those with whom he had business relations, 
 and has never forfeited that confidence to the present time. 
 
 Mr. Gray came to Waynesboro' in 1850, with only one 
 hundred and thirty-eight dollars in money, and began life 
 in a small way. From those humble beginnings he now 
 does a business worth ^175,000 a year, mostly confined to 
 Burke county. His large and handsome store contains 
 fotcr departments — Dry Goods, Hats, Shoes, and general 
 Groceries ; has also a Buggy and Wagon department in 
 the rear of the building. He regularly employs ten sales- 
 men, and during the fall season about fifteen. Dimensions 
 of the store, eighty by sixty feet, with handsome iron 
 front. Outside a handsome iron stairway leads to 
 
 Gray's Hall, 
 
 forty by thirty feet, used for public entertainments. The 
 establishment is complete in all its details. 
 
 Mr. Gray, for many years, discharged satisfactorily the 
 duties of City Treasurer, and only recently gave it up. 
 Mr. Gray is a large property owner in the county, as, well 
 as in Waynesboro'. He owns from his store up to the 
 Methodist Church ; lives himself in a very handsome resi- 
 dence ; has a large number of plantations, ranging from 
 
76 SKETCHES OF WAYNESBORO. 
 
 one hundred to seven hundred acres, and will make this 
 year five hundred bales of cotton. He has been successful 
 in whatever he has undertaken, and is now the most promi- 
 nent and influential citizen in Waynesboro'. He and his 
 family go every summer to Saratoga and the various fash- 
 ionable watering-places of the North. His universal popu- 
 larity arises in a great measure from his kindness and be- 
 nevolence to the world at large, and he fully deserves every 
 encomium passed on him. 
 
SKETCHES OF AIKEN. Ti 
 
 Sketches of Aiken, S. C. 
 
 Aiken, South Carolina. 
 
 Aiken, Aiken county, South Carolina, has a population 
 of something over i,8oo. The county has a population 
 of 28, 112, and was formed from portions of Edgefield, 
 Orangeburg, and Barnwell counties. 
 
 The stranger visiting Aiken for the first time is struck 
 with the idea of space. The streets are handsome boule- 
 vards ; the trees tall and wide-spreading, with the bright 
 blue sky shining through a clear, pure, invigorating at- 
 mosphere. I do not think there is a more beautiful pros- 
 pect in the United States than that from the galleries of 
 the famous Highland Park Hotel. To stand there late in 
 the afternoon and watch the sun go down over the valley 
 wide-spread beneath, bathing everything with a warm, rich, 
 roseate light, is enchanting indeed ; then the stars come 
 out, and the night is holy." 
 
 The town of Aiken was laid out in 1833, by the South 
 Carolina Eailroad Company, and named Aiken in honor 
 of Wm. Aiken, its first President. It first gained promi- 
 nence as a health resort by invalids coming from Charles- 
 ton and the sea-coast. The beneficial influences of the 
 dry air on the lungs of invalids soon made it a famous re- 
 sort for people from everywhere, and Northern people 
 especially, who find the climate of Aiken much more de- 
 sirable than that of Jacksonville ; the air here, divested of 
 its humidity. 
 
 Aiken is on the South Carolina Railroad, one hundred 
 and twenty miles west of Charleston, and is six hundred 
 feet above tide water, and is equally desirable both as a 
 
78 SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 
 
 summer as well as winter residence ; but I never intended 
 to write a health article, and will leave that for the disci- 
 ples of Esculapius " — it is quite out of my line — I only 
 want to give a brief sketch of some of its citizens. 
 
 South Carolina ! The very name is synonymous with all 
 that is dignified and chivalrous and noble. Those North- 
 ern visitors who daily parade the streets of Aiken have 
 but faint appreciation of the comfortable view " these 
 dilapidated Southerners have of themselves, notwithstand- 
 ing the loss of that ^'-jingling of the guinea which helps the 
 heart that honor feels.'' The truest thing Judge Tourgee 
 ever said was that the American peo.ple were indebted to 
 the Southerners alone, abroad, for the preservation of their 
 nationality ; that the Northerner in Europe tried hard to ape 
 the foreign aristocracy, but that the Southerners were so 
 proud of being Southerners that they never tried to be 
 like any body else. A South Carolinian folds his arms 
 and with a haughty smile, says proudly, I am a South 
 Carolinian! My ancestors were gejitlemen — my children 
 will be gentlemen — that is something the mere loss of 
 fortune can never take away from us, for the proud blood 
 of South Carolina flows through our veins. Yes, my 
 friends of the North, we are proud of our nationality, 
 and prouder of being Southerners than we would to have 
 wielded the scepter of the Kings, for was it not the 
 slender, patrician hands of these Southern scions of roy- 
 alty that grasped the musket on the frozen banks of the 
 Potomac ? They were half clothed and starving, but they 
 cheered as they went over the breastworks at Chancellors- 
 ville. We will teach our children to swear around their 
 altars to be still fonder and still prouder that they are 
 Southerners. Apropos to this, a very amusing episode re- 
 cently occurred in Aiken, which is suggestive, to say the 
 least of it. 
 
SKETGHE OF AIKEN. 79 
 
 The "Blues" and the ''Reds" at Aiken challenged 
 each other a week ago to play a ga'me of Polo. Being an 
 outside f can afford to make comments: The Blues, head- 
 ed by Capt. Wallace, were very apprehensive that the 
 Aikenites would not be able to " interest or amuse" them 
 even, so this magnanimous Captain, indeed, imparted his 
 apprehensions to the gallant Captain of the "Reds," 
 His Honor, Quitman Davis, Mayor of Aiken. Mr. Davis 
 informed his opponent that they would "try" to interest 
 them, and thought perhaps they could. The day appoint- 
 ed for the game was a grand gala day ; all the beauty and 
 chivalry of Aiken turned' out and wore the colors of the 
 North and South. The Reds won the day. The impetu- 
 ous South Carolinians rode right over the Northerners, 
 and never let them gain a point, not even one, notwith- 
 standing their politely worded apprehensions that the 
 Reds would not be able to " interest " them. 
 
 Aiken has a very handsome Court House, recently fin- 
 ished at a cost of about ^16,000. They are just now 
 erecting a new town clock. 
 
 The Bar of Aiken consists of about twelve members. 
 County Judge, W. W. Williams; County Treasurer, J. E. 
 Murray; Clerk of the Court, Wm. M. Jordan; Sheriff, M. 
 T. Holly ;County Auditor, Dr. J. H. Morgan; County 
 School Commissioner, Charles A. Senn ; County Commis- 
 sioners, William Stephens, Chairman, J. V. Guyes, El- 
 dridge Gunter; County Coroner, S. P. Kitching. 
 
 Judge Williams has been in office six years, and in that 
 time has given perfect satisfaction ; is a native of Aiken ; 
 was a gallant Confederate soldier, belonging to the army 
 of Northern Virginia ; was captured and lay in prison a 
 long time. 
 
 Dr. J. H. Morgan, Auditor, was appointed to this office 
 January, 1870; was in the Wade Hampton Cavalry, Fifth 
 
80 SKETCHES OF AIKEK 
 
 Regiment, S. C. ; lost his leg near Petersburg, in August, 
 1864; was also wounded at Pocotaligo, October, 1862; is 
 a native of Lexington county, and a graduate of Medicine 
 at Charleston, 1837. 
 
 M. T. Holly, Sheriff, has been in office six years — end 
 of this term will make eight years ; is a native of the 
 county ; was a First Lieutenant in the Fourteenth S. C. 
 Regiment, in General McGowan's old regiment ; was in 
 all the battles around Richmond, and in the coast service 
 around Port Royal. In addition to his office he devotes a 
 great deal of his time to planting, having several extensive 
 plantations in the vicinity of Aiken. 
 
 The Bar of Aiken are young men entirely ; the oldest 
 man at the Bar is O. C. Jordan, who has had nine years' 
 practice, and in choosing the profession of law he has 
 placed himself in a position to command the respect of the 
 world, notwithstanding the masses affect to believe that 
 lawyers are an essential evil, a class of men hired to lie and 
 cheat and steal. This belief comes from ignorance ; a 
 lawyer has not got half the chance to deceive you that a 
 merchant has, or a Doctor, even ; they have not the op- 
 portunity if they had the disposition, for those astute and 
 far-seeing brothers in tribulation, are always on the qidvive 
 to correct each other's private short comings in public, not 
 in private. Therefore lawyers stand more individualized be- 
 fore the people than any other class, with fewer chances to 
 deceive. Lawyers preserve inviolate a professional eti- 
 quette. They but rarely traduce each other, whereas, 
 physicians frequently do. This wide world over the law- 
 yers are the most generous and charitable men that live, 
 and of course are bound to be the most intellectual ; for 
 who are the men that rule this mighty nation ? Who are 
 the Govefnors, the Senators^ and the Presidents of this 
 American nation ? Are they not all lawyers by profession ? 
 carving their way upward by the sheer force of their own 
 
SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 81 
 
 intellect, for it is brains^ if you please, that have ruled the 
 world since the days when Napoleon gathered his Guards 
 around him on the terrace in front of the Castle of Cas- 
 mopoli, and urged then to resume the Eagles they had 
 worn at ye7ta, at Eylau, and at Ffiedlandy and to plant the 
 Imperial Eagles once more over, the turrets of the Notre 
 Dame ; and brains it will be that will rule the woild until 
 the end thereof. The author has often heard the opinion 
 expressed that no "lawyer will ever enter the Kingdom of 
 Heaven." Heaven would be a dull, stupid place without 
 the society of the legal fraternity, I imagine. 
 
 Master L. D. Whitson, aged ten, the writer's handsome 
 young son, has, at this early age, declared his intention of 
 becoming a lawyer, and has already expressed a great 
 aversion to manual labor. On being told recently to 
 " bring in the wood his brother had cut," declared that 
 lazvyers did not do that sort of work that his brother 
 Will was not going to be anything but an old farmer any- 
 way, and to let him bring it in. Excuse this digression. 
 
 The popular member of the Aiken bar, Mr. Jordan, of 
 whom we begun to write, has been in practice here nine 
 years. He read law after the war with the Hon. George 
 W. Croft, and was admitted shortly afterwards. Mr. Jordan 
 was in the Fourteenth S. C. Regiment, in the Confederate 
 service, and is a native of South Carolina. No man stands 
 higher at the Aiken bar as a scholar and a gentleman than 
 Mr. Jordan, being universally popular with all classes of 
 society. 
 
 D. S Henderson, 
 
 of the noted law firm of Henderson Brothers, came to 
 Aiken in 1872, from CoUetqn county, South Carolina ; was 
 a graduate of the Charleston College in 1870; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1871. Mr. Henderson takes an ac- 
 tive part in the affairs of the State, and is a conspicuous 
 member of the South Carolina Legislature, being a Rep- 
 
82 SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 
 
 resentative from Aiken county, and well known through- 
 out the State, for the vigor with which he expresses his 
 opinions ; makes himself felt in that distinguished body of 
 South Carolinians ; is also the attorney for the Granite- 
 ville and Langley Factories. The brilliant fancy he pos- 
 sesses in a remarkable degree, so far from leading him 
 astray, he keeps habitually under the control of a sober 
 judgment, which aids him powerfully in stating clearly, 
 and illustrating with copiousness whatever he wishes to 
 expound or express. To these intellectual capabilities Mr. 
 Henderson adds the scarcely less valuable requisites of 
 candor and temper, the finest motives and the most gen- 
 erous sympathies ; a thorough acquaintance with the law, 
 and an ardent love of literature for its own sake, and 
 habits of the most untiring industry, have succeeded in 
 placing him side by side with the brilliant bar of South 
 Carolina ; young as he is, already, which is only a foretaste 
 of the fame which awaits him in the future, being a most 
 effective pleader, and popular orator. 
 
 Philip Albert Emanuel, Attorney at Law, 
 
 was born in Marlboro* county, S. C. , at a place called 
 Brownsville, May 3d, 1847. ^^'^ Emanuel was very care- 
 fully educated at a private school, under the tuition of 
 Percival E. Hall, a graduate of Burlington — a gentleman 
 retained by a few friends to educate their children at this 
 place. 
 
 It was intended by the parents of Mr. Emanuel that he 
 should follow the profession of Law, and that as soon as his 
 tutor should pronounce him prepared, that he should be 
 sent to college. The breaking out of the rebellion was the 
 cause of his being sent to the Hillsboro' Military Acade- 
 my, of North Carolina. He remained there some time, and 
 took high standing among a large class of students. The 
 attack upon Charleston, in the fall of 1863, caused those 
 
SKETGHE8 OF AIKEK 
 
 83 
 
 high-spirited, enthusiastic young Cadets to call a meeting 
 and organize, — a company of about sixty Cadets proceed- 
 ing immediately to Charleston and offering their services 
 in defense of that city. 
 
 The question being raised as to the right of the State to 
 receive them, Gen. Beauregard and Gov. Bonham ordered 
 them back. Some returned to Hillsboro', and others went 
 into different commands in the Southern Army. Mr. 
 Emanuel attached himself to the Hampton Legion ; served 
 in Virginia until the surrender, and was paroled at Appo- 
 mattox Court House. In Virginia he served under the 
 gallant Gen. Gary (whom the author had the pleasure of 
 knowing). Ever afterward he was a warm personal friend 
 of Gen. Gary. 
 
 After the surrender, though quite ill, Mr. Emanuel 
 made his way home across the country, and reached there 
 only to be stricken down with typhoid fever, which left 
 him a shattered constitution. On his recovery he removed 
 to Charleston, and was for five years engaged in mercantile 
 pursuits, receiving in this way an excellent business educa- 
 tion, which he has found most beneficial to him in his pres- 
 ent profession. 
 
 Mr. Emanuel was married in 1868 to Miss Amelia Jose- 
 phine Wilson, daughter of Maj. Isaac R. Wilson, of John's 
 Island, and turned his attention to planting Sea Island 
 cotton, near Charleston. Finding this not profitable, and 
 failing in health at the same time, he, in March, 1876, 
 turned his attention entirely to the profession of the law — 
 which he had read, at intervals, since he was a boy. Led 
 to Aiken by that " divinity which shapes our ends," he 
 entered the office of the Hon. D. S. Henderson, and in a 
 short time was admitted to the Circuit Court — a buna fide 
 attorney — with all the wide, wide world before him in 
 which to make fame and fortune. 
 
 Again his old, best friend, Gen. Gary, appeared on the 
 
84 SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 
 
 scene, and placed business in his hands that Mr. Emanuel 
 thinks was the stepping-stone to the large and lucrative 
 practice he now enjoys. 
 
 In 1880 he went to the Supreme Court of his State for 
 the first time, and gained his first case before that august 
 tribunal, opposed as he was by the leading lawyers of the 
 Aiken Bar — Messrs. Croft and Henderson. 
 
 A perfect stranger in Aiken five years ago, he came 
 seeking health as much as professional success, and to his 
 own energy and industry does he owe the high stand he 
 has taken at this Bar. An indefatigable student, at the 
 same time methodical in his habits and business arrange- 
 ments, Mr, Emanuel enjoys a first class practice. He is 
 a gentleman with a pleasant, attractive face, with a courtli- 
 ness of manner, springing from " human kindness." 
 
 James Aldrich, 
 
 a prominent member of the Bar of Aiken, is a native of 
 Barnwell county, South Carolina ; was educated at the 
 Washington and Lee University, at Lexington, Virginia ; 
 read Law by himself ; an untiring, indefatigable student, 
 and was admitted to the Bar in 1872, before Judge Maher. 
 
 Mr. Aldrich has been a distinguished member of the 
 House of Representatives for four years, and is now, at the 
 earnest solicitions of his friends, a candidate for Attorney 
 General, which is proof of the high esteem and apprecia- 
 tion in which he is held in his own community. There is 
 no affectation of pomp and ceremony about Mr. Aldrich, 
 and his marmer, both to the Bench and Bar, has always 
 been in a high degree characterized by candor, courtesy 
 and deference, and that suavity of manner that never fails 
 to please ; while he is equally noted for that same acute- 
 ness of observation, accuracy of judgment, and variety of 
 learning, as well as soundness and originality. 
 
SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 
 
 85 
 
 Mr. Aldrich is considered by his friends to be eminently 
 fitted for the high office for which he is a candidate, and 
 no one doubts his abiHty to discharge the duties of Attor- 
 ney Generalship of South Carolina. 
 
 George W. Croft. 
 
 The mind which can individualize itself in a profession in 
 which learned and distinguished men are so numerous in 
 this age, must have a deep intellectual root and active life. 
 The above is a shining example of what energy and ambi- 
 tion can do. Having been in the profession eleven years, 
 Mr. Croft now enjoys one of the largest and most lucrative 
 practices in this section of South Carolina, and is regarded 
 a formidable rival at the Aiken Bar. Mr. Croft is a native 
 of Edgefield ; was educated at the University of Virginia, 
 and was admitted to the Bar, before Judge Orr, at Greene- 
 ville, South Carolina, in the fall of i860. His manifest 
 progress and established position at the Aiken Bar and 
 adjoining counties in which he practiced, is too well known 
 to need any comment from a pen incapable of doing him 
 justice. Mr. Croft is a leading lawyer in this portion of 
 wSouth Carolina, whose opinions are valued for their strength 
 and soundness and the intensity with which he dehvers 
 them. 
 
 Dr. B. F. Wyman, 
 
 A DISTINGUISHED SOUTH CAEOLINA PHYSICIAN. 
 
 At the head of the medical profession at Aiken, with 
 an extensive practice, especially among Northern visitors, 
 we find the name of Dr B. T. Wyman. This gentleman 
 is a native of Beaufort, South Carolina ; was educated at 
 Charleston, and was during the war in the Eleventh South 
 Carolina Regiment, Hagood's Brigade. The close of the 
 war found him Captain of a company. For the past four 
 years he has made Aiken his home. His success among 
 his patients has been almost unprecedented since coming 
 
86 
 
 SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 
 
 I 
 
 to Aiken, as he stands acknowledged to-day as the leading 
 physician in Aiken, 
 
 Major James E. Crossland, 
 
 Civil Engineer by profession, has lived in this section of 
 country since 1846 ; graduated in South Carolina College, 
 in 1845, with degree of A. B ; was in the Confederate 
 service during the entire war, and a member of the Hol- 
 combe Legion ; was in the second Manassas and many 
 other battles in Virginia ; also, the Maryland Campaign. 
 Major Crossland is one of the best and truest citizens of 
 Aiken. He is now engaged in drawing a map of theGran- 
 iteville possessions, embracing twelve thousand acres of 
 land, of which he made the survey last summer. 
 
 Real Estate, Insurance and General Commission 
 Agency, Aiken, South Carolina, 
 
 is represented by Messrs. E. J. C. Wood and Liberia Ott. 
 This firm represent the Home Insurance Company, of 
 New York; Georgia Home Insurance Company, and Frank- 
 lin Fire Insurance Company, Philadelphia. Mr. Ott has 
 lived in Aiken thirteen years, and in that time has become 
 thoroughly identified with the place, as his interests all lie 
 here. He has been a warm friend of Aiken, and has worked 
 zealously in the interests of the town. Mr. Ott is a native 
 of Albany, New York, and is very earnest in his efforts to 
 develop the South. 
 
 The Highland Park Hotel, at Aiken, 
 
 has become so widely known, and is so popular, that the 
 proprietor, Mr. B. F. Chatfield, finds it impossible to ac- 
 commodate the crowds that pour in upon him. Really, I 
 saw whole omnibus loads of Northern visitors turned away 
 from the Highland Park ; but this distinguished Hotel keep- 
 er is equal to the emergency, and the crowds found accom- 
 
SKETCHES OF AIKEN. 87 
 
 modation at the Park Avenue — under the same excellent 
 management — which is easy of access from the Depot, 
 being only a stone's throw from there. Mr. Brown, man- 
 ager ot the Park Avenue, takes excellent care of his visi- 
 tors — which they remember and appreciate. On the whole, 
 Aiken is a delightful place, individually and collectively," 
 and one it is pleasant to remember. 
 
 IMPORTER AND JOBBER OF 
 
 Usm, KHIM, EARTHENWARE, 
 
 Lamps, Brackets, Chandeliers, 
 
 SOUSE JFTJRNISIIIJ<^a GOODS, 
 
 905 Broad Street, - - AUGUSTA, GA. 
 VAL. W. STARNES, 
 
 TTOI^n>TE^ "^^Tv", 
 805 BROAD STRKET, 
 
 CHARLES Z. McCORD. 
 
 Exchange Bank Building, 
 811 Broad Street, - - AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. 
 
AUGUSTA HOTEL 
 
 EMERSON Y. FOOTE, Proprietor. 
 
 Rates - - $2 Per Day. 
 
 Those who can appreciate the comforts and refinements which make 
 Hotel life enjoyable, will find it to their advantage, when visiting this 
 city, to stop at the AUGUSTA HOTEL. 
 
 The cvisine is admirable, well prepared, and served with the most fas- 
 tidious neatness. In the meantime you get your comforts here at mar- 
 vellously low rates, considering the comfortable beds and general air of 
 cleanliness that pervades the entire establishment. 
 
 At the same time, families who desire quiet, retired apartments, shut 
 out from the bustle and roar of Broad street below, can find rooms suited 
 to all the privacy desired. 
 
 Mr. Foote is a very accomplished Hotel keeper, the clerks polite and 
 attentive, and anxious that their guests should be comfortable and waited 
 on — which is an important item with those living in Hotels. 
 
 The long and airy halls are especially attractive, and suited for the ex- 
 ercise of children shut up in a Hotel, whose vivacity is bound to have 
 vent somewhere. 
 
 Mr. Foote will, this summer, thoroughly overhaul and refurnish the 
 Hotel from one end to the other, and will spare no pains or expense to 
 make it the most comfortable and attractive Hotel in Augusta. 
 
 Since writing these "Sketches of Augusta," the author has had the 
 pleasure of stopping a few days at a time in each of the four Hotels in 
 this city, and does not hesitate to aver that the AUGUSTA HOTEL 
 serves the most palatable food, and is preferable to any Hotel in 
 Augusta. 
 
JESSE THOMPSON. GEO. S. HEINDEL. 
 
 THOMPSON & HEINDEL, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 DOORS. SASH. BLINDS 
 
 MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, 
 
 DEALEES IN 
 
 PAIOTX OILS, BEUSHES, WHITE LEAD, ZLNC, 
 WINDOW GLASS, AND BUILDERS' 
 HAKDWARE. 
 
 Planing Mill and Lumber Yard, Hale Street, near Cen- 
 tral R. R. Yard, Office and AYare Rooms, 
 
 No. 310 Jackson Street, - - AUGUSTA, t}A. 
 
 E. A. SHOLES & Co., 
 
 Successors to Frank Smyth, 
 Dealers in STOVES, GRATES, MANTELS. RANGES, HEATERS, 
 
 HOUSE FURNISHINO GOODS, 
 And all kin (is of 
 
 III, coppiE AID saiiT mm W4ii. 
 
 ROOFING AND GUTTERING. 
 
 924 Broad Street, Opposite Planters Hotel, 
 
 AUGUSTA, - - GEORGIA. 
 
 REAL ESTATE AGENT and NEGOTIATOR OF LOANS, 
 Ag-ent Augusta (Ga.) Land Company. 
 
 Miliisjsi mi Sinia Fs Eaiiksai Um'^mj, Em^m, 
 W. J. RUTHERFORD'S CELEBRATED BRICKS, 
 
 PHCENIX MERCANTILE and COLLECTION ASSOCIATION, 
 
 No. 25 Mcintosh Street, between Broad and Reynolds, 
 
 jltig-ti ST ^, - - - -aEonaiji. 
 
W. R SPEIR 
 
 Plans and specifications 
 
 For Factories, Opera Houses, Residences, Villas, Cottages, 
 Churches, Bridges, etc., etc.. 
 
 Office, No. 8 Law Range - - AU&USTA,GA. 
 
 J. p. BONDURANT. W. B. JOPLING, W. B. LOWE, of Atlanta. 
 
 BONDURANT, JOPLING & CO., 
 
 Manufacturers and DepJers in all kinds of 
 
 BRICKS, 
 
 DeLaigle and Augusta Brick Yards, 
 Press Bricks a Specialty. 
 
 Watches, Diamonds, Jewelry. 
 
 STERLING AND PLATED WARE, 
 
 702 BROAD STREET, 
 
 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 
 OQiIFlOf IQIEII, Flllfi. ill-S, lie. 
 
 ALSO, MANUFACTURER OF 
 UNDER SUPERVISION OF 
 
 Geo. F. Lamback, 
 
HENRY L. ATWATER, 
 
 GENERAL AGENT 
 
 Milbum Wagon Co. 
 
 For South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, N. Carolina, Florida. 
 
 Manager Southern Branch Milburn Wagon Co,, 
 J. E. JOHNSON & CO., 
 
 Office: Healy Building, Marietta Street, 
 L. MIMS, General Agent. 
 
 Markham House, 
 
 ATLANTA, GA, 
 
 W. A. HUFF - - - 'Propr-ieto-r. 
 
 Board Three Dollars Per Day. 
 
 WM. L. BAKER, President. R. 0. RANDALL, Secretary. 
 
 JOSEPH G. BLOTTN'r, Vice-President. H. M. EUSTIS, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 W. D. lilZZELL, Medical Director. - CANDLER & THOMSON, Legal Advisers. 
 
 "bkae ye one another's burdens." 
 
 PEOPLES 
 
 MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION, 
 
 GAXE CITY ?«AXIO?>JAI^ I3AP)iK: DEI»OSlXOIlY. 
 
 Office Corner Peachtree and Wall Streets, Up Stairs. 
 
A. C. BRUCE. T. H. MORGAN, 
 
 BRUCE & MORGAN, 
 
 Rooms 1, 2 and 3 Healey Building, 
 
 (CORISrER PEAOHTREE and MARIETTA STREETS ) 
 ATLANTA, GEORGIA. 
 
 We desire to call especial attention to the above card, as having the 
 largest and most successful business in the South. The firm have in- 
 creased their facilities for this year's work, and can give the best of 
 references, amoug whom the Atlanta National Bank, Hon. Frank 
 Little, Sparta, Georgia, J. O. Wynn, Macon, Georgia. 
 
 Among some of the most noted buildings erected under their 
 supervision and designed by them, are the Young Men's Library Build- 
 ing, Governor's Mansion, residence of John H. James, thai; of Colonel 
 John T. Grant, Henry Grady's exqaisite new house, W. W. Austell's, 
 Court House, Atlanta, Shorter College, at Rome, Moore & Marsh's 
 Palace Store, Atlanta, and hundreds of others 
 
 Mr. Alexander Bruce, senior member of the firm, is a native of 
 Nashville, Tennessee, an old and well known citizen of that city. No 
 man stands higher for honesty of purpose and integrity of character, in 
 Nashville than Mr. Alexander Bruce. To prove which, he has been 
 selected as the architect to draw up the design and supervise the build- 
 ing ol: the famuus "Watkin's Institute," in Nashville, which is a Young 
 Mens Public Library. Mr. Sam. Watkins, a wealth}'" citizen of Nash- 
 ville, died some months ago and left $100,000 with which to erect this 
 Library. The handsome old Fogg residence, on Church street, has 
 been purchased for the site of the building, and the design turned over 
 to Mr. Bruce, in proof of Nashville's appreciation of her former citizen. 
 Mr. Bruce's many and w^arm friends in Nashville, were delighted that 
 he got the plan. The firm of Bruce & Morgan have a svdte of otfices 
 in Atlanta, whose walls are hung with the most exquisite designs of 
 Churches, Masonic Temples, and Public Buildings of various kinds. 
 The offices are crowded all day long with eager and admiring visitors. 
 Mr. Bruce has been engaged for twenty years in the business, and 
 thoroughly understands every de[yartment. He is more widely known 
 than any architect in the South. The junior member of the firm, Mr. 
 Morgan, is a native of Knoxville, Tennessee, and studied architecture 
 with Mr. Bruce in that city, and came with him to Atlanta. He too, is 
 thoroughly accomplished in the art, having for years given close 
 attention to it, and perfecting himself in all its details. Together they 
 are a very popular firm, while appreciative Atlanta is proud of her two 
 famous citizens. 
 
ize. E_ Xj. E"V"^3srs, 
 
 General Insurance Agent. 
 
 BROAD (CORNER 7th S'I'REET), Chris. Gray's Building, Augusta, 
 
 Georgia 
 
 FIRE ASSOCIATION, of Philadelphia ^4,813,270 
 
 CONTINENTAL, of New York 1,007, 0(io 
 
 BRITISH xAM ERICA, of Canada 1,500,000 
 
 PROVIDENCE, WASHINGTON, of Piovidi nce, R. 1 890,503 
 
 Also, State Agent NEW ENGLAND MUTL'.\L LIFE INSURANCE 
 COMPANY, of Boston, assets over $16,000,000. 
 
 Richard W. Cone, 
 
 SANDERSVILLE, GA. 
 
 GEORGE W. HOOPER, 
 
 jittor'riey cut Lclw, 
 
 Opelifea-, -i^la.Toa,m£L- 
 
I