DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DURHAM, N. C. THE JAMES SPRUNT HISTORICAL STUDIES Published under direction of the Department of History and Government of the University of North Carolina. Number 1 Volume 20 Editors i Pt R. D. W. Connor Mircue.t B. Garrett WiuiaM WHATLEY Pierson, Jr. “NO, of Ry, ie j= LIBERTAS = > Myc SAVERS/ > » CONTENTS NORTH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 By CHARLES CHRISTOPHER CRITTENDEN 120379 CHAPEL HILL THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS 1928 “VY 5 ¢) Fy a BL AT, If y ) > LY O-ee ww Oy Jr & NORTH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 By CHARLES CHRISTOPHER CRITTENDEN 120379 It wer. av. VI. VII. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TCERODEIET ION Ceo eh kle et. Lean Rie Ss Le a 7 Tue EsTaBLISHMENT OF NEWSPAPERS .............00--00----- 11 MAKE-UP AND CiReMUATION Ee oy ei 16 OR FRSA Pry Serer ee rene Soe rede weet gel 24 LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND LETTERS OP TEE VESTN ORS kee ete ald dy Me at TE Fl 31 TAMEORWAT) CORE MIONE | a ce ee lt 36 THE ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Description of Advertisements .........-...----------- 40 2a bradcsand Commerce. 2 a 41 SIU i Be 15 7 0p RA ME elses Bd SU te se 46 ATE LU OWA RE cen ere ee ra wh gh are BE 48 Spel Ysera 1's eveme: sO Leakage Batt Ud A Sa iia ohhh a 50 6. Immigration and Emigration _.............--------.----- 52 7 nah BOCES. Re ec hae Oan et 1. AAA aay CD SU SM 53 SRE COLUO Tia eos ene aN Cums Sean cE Ba a5 9. Publication and Sale of Books _.........-..----..- 57 ApprenpIx A—A List of North Carolina Newspapers Pub- lished before 1790 Which Are Preserved in the Library of the University of North Carolina or in the Archives of the North Carolina Historical Commission ................ 60 APPENDIX B—Letters Selected from North Carolina News- Mapeksndhy os 1 faon ween enetre ls Un. Ma ae 63 Charles Christopher Crittenden, M.A., Wake Forest College, and candidate for the doctorate at Yale University, has been since 1926 Instructor in History in the University of North Carolina. INTRODUCTION Ten years ago it was practically impossible to make an adequate study of the early newspapers of North Carolina. Of necessity such a study must depend primarily upon an analysis of the papers themselves, and the papers were not at hand to be analyzed. Most of the issues had been either lost or destroyed ; and those which had been preserved were scattered among such widely separated points as London, Worcester, Chapel Hill, Washington, New Orleans, New York, Raleigh and Phila- delphia. The investigator neither knew what copies were in existence nor, had he known, would he have found it convenient to make extended journeys for the purpose of examining them. It was necessary that a careful search be instituted in order to discover the location of those papers which had been preserved, and then that an effort be made to assemble as many of them as possible at a place where they would be easily accessible to the student. This work was undertaken in 1920 by the North Carolina Historical Commission, having been facilitated by the publication, two years earlier, of Clarence S. Brigham’s Bibli- ography of American Newspapers ;? and so successfully was it carried on that there is today in Raleigh a collection which includes, with a few exceptions, either the originals or photo- stat copies of all North Carolina newspapers printed before 1800 which are known to be in existence.® 1In 1891 Stephen B. Weeks published his Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century, in which he included an account of the newspapers of the period. Since the only papers printed before 1790 to which he had access con- sisted of an incomplete file of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777, to 30 November, 1778, he was forced to rely largely upon material which was in many ways not trustworthy and which failed to give many of the essential facts. It is surprising how much information he was able to assemble from such sources as were then available. ?North Carolina Historical Commission, Eighth Biennial Report, 1918-1920, pees. ® There is another similar collection in Chapel Hill. For a list of those papers printed before 1790 which have been preserved, see Appendix A. The work of collecting is not yet complete. Only three years ago there were found, glued to [7] 8 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES There are still great gaps in the files. Very often just that number of a paper is wanted which cannot be had. A com- plete set of newspapers would undoubtedly shed much light upon the history of North Carolina and would perhaps definitely settle disputes over questions such as whether Mecklenburg County declared for independence in 1775, or why the state in 1788 refused to adopt the federal constitution. It is tantalizing to have only one or two issues of certain papers and to realize that, with a little foresight on the part of those who lived a century and a half ago, all of them might have been preserved. But although there are gaps, the work of collecting has been done with sufficient thoroughness for the investigator to gain some notion of what these early papers were, although, of course, his knowledge is obliged to be incomplete to the extent that the files of the papers themselves are incomplete. But he can at least determine when, where, and by whom they were printed, how large they were, how they were made up, and what they contained of news, letters to the editors, literary contribu- tions and advertisements. Before 1790 the newspapers of North Carolina were in many respects similar to other American papers. Nearly all the papers of the period were small sheets of only four pages; were printed not more often than once a week; had a small circulation ; included a great deal of news from a distance and very little of a local nature; contained contributions on a variety of subjects; copied extensively from each other and from English papers; and printed advertisements of runaway slaves, of houses and goods for sale, and of ships sailing for various ports. In such matters there is little to choose between The Boston Weekly Post-Boy, The New York Mercury, The Maryland Gazette, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, and numerous others. Although North Carolina papers were in these respects similar to those of other parts of America, in other ways they the covers of volumes of county court records, certain copies of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for the years 1751 and 1752. Before this discovery took place it was thought that the Gazette had not been published so early. See The North Carolina Historical Review, Vol. II, pp. 83-89. Nortu CaroLtina Newspapers BEForE 1790 9 differed from them. In the first place, they were later in mak- ing their appearance. The Boston News-Letter, the first news- sheet in British North America, made its debut in 1704; and by the middle of the eighteenth century seven of the colonies pos- sessed papers. But James Davis, the father of printing in North Carolina, did not begin to publish his periodical until 1751. Of the Thirteen Colonies, only New Hampshire, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware and Georgia established newspapers later than did North Carolina. The reason for this tardiness is not far to seek. The newspaper is the creature of the city. But North Carolina’s civilization was rural. In the whole period before 1790 none of the six towns in which papers were printed had a white population of more than one thousand. Five of these ‘towns, New Bern,® Wilmington, Halifax, Edenton and Fay- etteville were in the east, while only one, Hillsborough,® was in the west. In the second place, North Carolina newspapers differed from those in other states in that they were not as permanently established and did not bring in as large financial returns. They were printed less regularly than The South Carolina Gazette, The Boston News-Letter, The Virginia Gazette, and a number of others. None of them was able, as were several in Massa- chusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, to continue uninterrupted publication for a period of several decades. Their circulation was much smaller than that of the papers in the more populous towns of America, and therefore they did not pay so well. In the third place, they were less original than some of those of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, although as a rule they came up to the standard of those published outside these three towns. They contained much less expression of editorial opin- 4For a discussion of American newspapers in the eighteenth century, see Thomas, Isaiah, History of Printing in America (1874), Vol. II; also Nelson, William, “Some Account of the American Newspapers, Particularly of the Eight- eenth Century. . . .” (In New Jersey Archives, Vols. XI, XII, and XIX). on is arranged alphabetically and goes only from Alabama to New Hamp- > The spelling was later changed to Newbern. * Hillsborough was later abbreviated by the omission of the last three letters. 10 JAMEs SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES ion than such papers as The Massachusetts Spy and The New England Courant. They never, in criticizing the government, went as far as The New-York Weekly Journal.?’ They did not engage in controversies with each other as bitter as that be- tween The Pennsylvania Gazette and The American Weekly Mercury. They contained no literary contributions which would compare favorably with those of The Pennsylvania Gazette. On the whole they were less original, less enterprising, less daring, and less able to influence the thought and action of their readers than were those of Boston, New York and Phila- delphia. ™Exception must be made in the case of Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, in which the editor freely expressed his opinions, thus winning the dis- approval of the governor, the council, and many influential people in and around Wilmington. Le THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEWSPAPERS The first paper established in the colony was The North Carolina Gazette, which was printed at New Bern by James Davis.1 Before 1920 writers placed the first issue in 1755,? but recently several numbers have been discovered which make it certain that number one appeared four years earlier. The oldest extant copy is number 15, published 15 November, 1751; using that date as a basis for computation, it seems probable that 9 August, 1751, was the date of the first issue. Davis continued to publish The North Carolina Gazette until as late as 1778. In general his purpose seems to have been to print his paper weekly, but he had no regular program—especially during the earlier period of its existence. He changed the day of publi- cation several times; he often suspended for months and even for years; and sometimes, when news was plentiful, he seems to have published more often than once a week. The next paper to appear in the colony was another North Carolina Gazette and was printed in Wilmington.? Only two 1 This article does not discuss the lives of the various printers. For information on this point see Weeks, S. B., op. cit., passim. 2Thomas Isaiah, op. cit., p. 166. Weeks, S. B., “The Pre-Revolutionary Printers of North Carolina’? (In The North Carolina Booklet, Vol. XV, No. 2, p. 112); cited in Connor, R. D. W., History of North Carolina, Colomal and Revolutionary Periods (1919), p. 207. % This date is correct provided the paper was printed regularly during the first few months of its existence, and provided there was not an earlier series with another set of numbers. Weeks had access to a copy for 18 October, 1759, which was number 200. Dating back, he calculated that number one must have appeared in December, 1755. Weeks, S. B., The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century, pp. 17-18. Such a calculation was reasonable and would have been cor- rect except for the fact that The Gazette was not printed regularly. 4See Appendix A. In 1764, Davis began to print The North Carolina Magazine; or, Universal Intelligencer, which, in spite of its name, seems to have been a news- paper, the second in the colony. No original or photostat copy of this paper is at present either in Raleigh or in Chapel Hill. Weeks, S. op: cit.,(p, 21. A file of this paper, 6 July, 1764, to 18 January, 1765, is in the Library of Congress. Brigham, C. S., op. cit., p. 308. i " 5 Davis’s paper was called The North Carolina Gazette; Steuart’s merelsWW orth Carolina Gazette. [11] 12 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES of the regular issues and one “continuation” are accessible.® Publication, which apparently was begun on 17 October, 1764, was continued only until 1766 or 1767. Andrew Steuart, the printer, got into difficulties with the authorities because he published in the issue of 12 February, 1766, an “inflammatory” letter from Cross Creek.7 Accordingly he had lost his position as printer to the government; and thus, probably, forfeited the support of many of the influential citizens of the lower Cape Fear region.§ Next came The Cape Fear Mercury, which was printed in Wilmington by Adam Boyd on the same press Steuart had used. The first issue probably appeared on 13 October, 1769; and, although there was at least one temporary suspension,!° publication was continued until as late as 1 September, 1775. The paper was supposed to appear on Friday, but that it did not always do so is evident from a study of the numbers and dates of issue. Upon at least one occasion not more than four days elapsed between the printing of two numbers; and some- times there was an interval of as much as two weeks. Thus when the Revolution began, two newspapers were being printed, Boyd’s Cape Fear Mercury and Davis’s North Carolina Gazette. The first of these was soon discontinued and its publisher, on 4 January, 1776, became an ensign in the First North Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army.!! The second, while published irregularly until the end of November, 1778, did not outlast the war because Davis, after the son who was helping him was drafted for the army, was unable to find anyone to take his place in the printing business.12 In all ® Brigham, op. cit., p. 321, says that in the British Public Record Office is the regular issue for 20 November, 1765, and that in the archives of the North Caro- lina Historical Commission is a “continuation” of this same issué. The writer has seen neither of these papers, although he has searched for the one said to be in Raleigh. ™The name, Cross Creek, was later changed to Fayetteville 8 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 30; Colonial Records of North Carolian, Vol. VII, pp. 187-188. ® Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 31-32. 10 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX, pp. 1118-1119. 4 Ashe, S. A. (editor), Biographical History of North Carolina, Vol. V, p. 19. % Letter from James Davis to Governor Caswell (in Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XIII, pp. 259-260). Nortu Carottna Newspapers Berore 1790 13 probability no newspaper was printed in the state during the latter part of the Revolution. 1% Soon after the cessation of hostilities a number of papers sprang up, so that from August, 1783, until the end of De- cember, 1789, no less than eight were introduced to the public. The North Carolina Gazette or Impartial Intelligencer and Weekly Advertiser was published in New Bern by Robert Keith and Company, on the old presses and type of James Davis. The first number appeared on 28 August, 1783 ;14 and the paper seems to have been continued at least as late as the following January.1® In 1784 a paper was being printed at Halifax, as is indicated by a statement of James Iredell, who, writing to his wife on 28 March, said: “They have begun to print a news- paper at Halifax, which is to be continued weekly.” Un- fortunately, no copy of either of these papers is available. The State Gazette of North-Carolina, belonging at first to Hodge and Blanchard, and later to Hodge and Wills, seems to have begun publication on 17 November, 1785.17 Until the last of March, 1788, the paper was printed in New Bern;!8 but sometime between March and 9 July of the same year the print- ers were persuaded to move their business to Edenton.19 A suspension of nearly two months was caused by the removal,?° the first number appearing in the latter town on 8 September, 1788.21 Publication was continued in Edenton for a number 18 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 35-36. 44 The North Carolina University Magazine, Vol. II, p. 40; cited in Weeks, Ma ., 10p:, CHE, ps SF. 78 Archibald Maclaine, writing from Wilmington to George Hooper in Charleston, 4 February, said that the newspaper published at New Bern was “not worth hav- ing.” Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVII, p. 128. He was almost certainly referring to Keith’s paper. 1° McRee, G. J., Life and Correspondence of James Iredell, Vol. II, p. 96; cited in Brigham, C. S., op. cit., p. 300. This was probably the paper of Thomas Davis. Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVI, pp. 195-196. 7The earliest extant issue of the paper, Vol. II, no. 99, is dated 4 October, 1787. 18 The issue for 27 March has been preserved. 1 McRee, G. J., op. cit., p. 231, note; cited by Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 39. *° This calculation is based upon the numbering of the issues before and after removal. *1The issue for 3 September, 1789, stated that that number completed a year’s publication in Edenton. 14 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES of years. The issue for 30 March, 1792, was the last to be printed by Hodge and Wills. From that date until the last of October, 1797, the paper was brought out by Henry Wills alone. On 2 November, 1797, James Wills, the brother of Henry, printed his first issue; he continued publication until at least as late as 20 February, 1799. Both in New Bern and in Edenton Hodge and Wills appear to have faced competition. In New Bern this was furnished by Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, publication of which appar- ently began 4 January, 1786, and certainly lasted until as late as 19 December, 1787; in Edenton by The Edenton Intelli- gencer, the paper of Maurice Murphy. Number one of this second paper probably appeared 23 October, 1787; publication was continued at least as late as 4 June, 1788, although how much longer cannot be determined.?? The only paper which existed west of Fayetteville before 1790 was The North Carolina Gazette, published at Hillsboro by Thomas, the son of James Davis. The one copy which has been preserved, that of 16 February, 1786, either had no num- ber to begin with, or else its number has been torn off; there is therefore no basis for calculating the date of origin. However, it is almost certain that it was being printed at least as early as the preceding July.28 Thomas Davis, who seems to have been publishing a paper in Halifax in 1784, had moved by the follow- ing year to Hillsboro. How long after 16 February, 1786, his paper was printed is unknown. Wilmington was apparently without a newspaper from the latter part of 1775 until 1788, when Bowen and Howard estab- lished The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser. Num- ber one probably appeared on 5 March of the latter year.?* The paper could hardly have been published very long, because the partnership of the printers must have been dissolved in 1788 or 1789, when Howard went to Fayetteville to establish another news-sheet. 22The issue for 4 June, 1788, has been preserved. The number for 9 April is called Inteligencer; that for 4 June, Intelligencer. 23 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVII, pp. 491, 500, 504. * The only copy preserved, Vol. I, no. 16, is dated 18 June, 1788. NortH Carotina Newspapers BEForE 1790 15 In Fayetteville, 24 August, 1789, Sibley and Howard brought out the Fayetteville Gazette.2® Although only four of the issues for 1789 are in existence, they are very valuable be- cause they contain several articles in favor of or opposed to the adoption of the federal constitution. Sometime between 12 October, 1789, and 1 February, 1790, the name of the paper was changed to The North Carolina Chromicle; or, Fayetteville Gazette,?® and under this title publication was continued until 7 March, 1791, when the editors declared that because of lack of funds they would have to discontinue the sheet.?7 Before 1790, then, there were published in North Carolina no less than twelve different newspapers. Of some of these we have today no copies, of others only one or two, and of still others several dozen, but of none do we have anything like a complete file.28 Of the twelve, eleven were in the east, only one in the west. New Bern could boast of five, Wilmington of three, Edenton of two, and Fayetteville, Halifax and Hillsboro of one each.?® Four of the twelve were established before the Revolution, eight afterwards. Of them all, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette seems to have survived the longest, but even its publication was frequently suspended. °° On page one the publishers announced to the public that they were proud of the fact that their paper was printed on the first printing press manufactured in North Carolina. This is the only evidence which has been preserved as to the building of this first press in the state. 76 The issues for these two dates are in existence. 27 Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 44, 45, note; see below, p. 22. *3 See Appendix A. 22The apparent mistake in addition is accounted for by the fact that one paper, The State Gazette of North Carolina, was moved from Newbern to Edenton. In the total it has been counted as only one sheet. 1II Make-Up AND CIRCULATION Certain questions naturally arise as to the make-up, contents, circulation and finances of these early North Carolina news- papers. Some of these queries can be definitely answered ; to others because of lack of evidence the answers must be some- what vague. The size of the sheet and of the type varied from time to time. Each issue of a paper invariably contained four pages! of from one to three columns each; but the dimensions of these pages and the size of the type were changed at irregular in- tervals.2 The size of the page of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, for instance, was altered no less than eight times dur- ing the twenty-seven years of its existence, the smallest being about? 914 by 6 inches, the largest about 17% by 10 inches. Most of the other papers varied in size from time to time, although one of them, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, was able before 1790 to maintain a sheet of regular size,* 143 by 814 inches. The smallest sheet which has been preserved is the issue of Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette for 26 Febru- ary, 1766, each page of which measures 9 by 5% inches. The largest is the number of The |Vilmington Centinel and General Advertiser for 18 June, 1788, the size of each page being 1714 by 10% inches. When the sheet was large, ordinarily the type would likewise be large; when the page was small, the type also would usually be reduced in size, so that it was possible to print approximately as much matter on a small sheet as on a large one. The size of the sheet seems to have depended largely upon the supply and price of paper. This article was not manufac- tured in North Carolina during colonial days and therefore had 1 Sometimes supplements of from one to eight pages were issued. 2 Two or more different sizes of type were often used in one number of a paper. *The pages of most of these papers are cut so irregularly that it is almost impossible to measure them exactly. Thus it is necessary to say “‘about.” 4 Trregularities in cutting must be allowed for. [ 16} Nortu CAroLinA Newspapers BeErore 1790 7, to be imported. During the Revolution a paper mill was built but could not supply the demand. After 1783 there was less difficulty in obtaining paper, but even then it was not plentiful. When it was fairly cheap and easy to obtain, the size of the newspaper page was usually large; when it was scarce and expensive, the page would usually be small. Sometimes the size of the sheet was reduced without a corresponding reduction of the type because the publishers had at hand little material suitable for printing. Similar factors influenced the regularity or irregularity of the appearance of a news-sheet. If there was little news, if the publisher happened to be out of town for a few days, if a sufficient amount of paper could not be had, or if funds hap- pened to be running short, the sheet might not come out at the usual time. On the other hand, if conditions were favorable, publication might occur more often than the public expected. Thus, while all these papers were nominally weeklies, there were many occasions upon which they did not appear at regular seven-day intervals. Although there was some little variety in the make-up of these newspapers, they were in general put together in the fol- lowing fashion. At the top of page one were to be found the title, the imprint,®> and the number and date of issue. Two papers, Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette and The Cape Fear Mercury, printed in the title of some of their numbers a cut of the royal arms. A few illustrations of headings and imprints are worth quoting. On page one of The North Carolina Gazette for 15 April, 1757, was: “The Not Carolina Gazette With the Freshest Advices, Foreign and Domestic.” At the foot of page four was: “Newbern: Printed by James Davis at the Print- ing-Office in Front-Street ; where all Persons may be supplied with this Paper, at 16s. per Annum, and where Advertisements of a moderate Length are inserted for Three Shillings the first Week, and Two Shillings for every Week after. And where Book-Binding is done reasonable.” Martin’s North Carolina * The imprint was often to be found at the foot of the last page, and sometimes did not appear at all. 18 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES Gazette carried the quotation: “Tros Tyriusve mihi nullo dis- crimine agetur. Vir.” Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette claimed to be “Influenced by all parties, but restrained by none.” The Edenton Intelligencer was truly patriotic in declaring: “Where LIBERTY dwells there is my COUNTRY.” All of these mottoes seem to have been taken, either verbatim or with slight change, from the newspapers of other parts of America.® Pages one and two and part of page three, were filled with bits of news from Europe and from the settlements up and down the Atlantic Seaboard, and often with a brief item from the town in which the paper was printed. On page three, after the news, came advertisements. Page four was filled with a “Poet’s Corner,” more advertisements, and perhaps a letter or two to the publisher. Such was the usual method of arrange- ment. There were, however, a number of other schemes which were often used. Advertisements might be so numerous that they filled almost the entire paper; or they might be omitted altogether. There might be no local news; or the sheet might be filled with it, to the exclusion of any other news. Several letters to the printer might be included in one number of a paper; or it might be that not one would appear for months. Sometimes there was quite a little padding ; sometimes none at all. What the circulation of any of these papers was, it is impos- sible definitely to say. That it could not have been large is evident. Though they were published in the larger towns: Newbern, Wilmington, Edenton, Fayetteville, Halifax and Hillsboro, the population of these places was so small that it is difficult to see how they could support papers at all. Wilming- ton, called “our metropolis,” and probably the most populous town in the colony, seems to have had less than eight hundred people when, in 1764, her first news-sheet made its appear- ance ;7 even as late as 1820 her population numbered only 2633, ®A number of mottoes of American papers for the period are quoted in Thomas, Isaiah, op. cit., passim. 7 Journal of a Lady of Quality (New Haven, 1921), p. 283. Norra Carotina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 19 of whom less than 1100 were white. The field for newspapers offered by other towns was little or no better. Edenton in 1786 contained 1112 people, of whom only 480 were white.® Hills- boro as late as 1790 could count only 36 white polls ;1° Fayette- ville the same year contained 274 heads of families ;11 and Newbern before 1790 could hardly have had more than 1000 white people.!2 It seems impossible that the inhabitants of any of these towns could have purchased more than 275 copies of a single issue of a news-sheet; in all probability the largest circulation of any North Carolina paper in the town in which it was printed was not more than 150, while the average must have been less than 100. If it is difficult to estimate the circulation of a paper within the town in which it was published, it is almost impossible to find out how many copies went to the surrounding country. Certain it is, however, that there were in the rural districts many people who were eager to learn what they could about current events and who thus would be glad to have news-sheets. That such people did actually subscribe may be inferred from the fact that they sent letters and contributions of poetry to the printers, and that the papers published advertisements which were obviously intended for their eyes.18 The advertisements ® Coon, C. L., The Beginnings of Public Education in North Carolina, Vol. I (Raleigh, N. C.,; 1908), p. 188. If, in 1764, half the population was negro; and if one white person in five subscribed to Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, the circulation of that paper in Wilmington would have amounted to less than one hundred. ® State Records of North Carolina, Vol. XVIII, p. 434. 2 Ibid., Vol. XXVI, p. 1313. 4 [bid., pp. 458-464. Thirty years later her white population numbered 1475. Coon, C. L., loc. cit. 12 The issue of Martin’s North Carolina Gazette (Newbern) for 11 July, 1787, contained a letter to the printer from Long Island on Holston, more than 300 miles distant in what is now Tennessee; and in the number for 15 August, 1787, was a communication from ‘‘Westfields, near Salisbury,” nearly 200 miles away. The State Gazette of North-Carolina contained a number of such letters to the pub- lisher: a series of five from “Camden” (7 and 14 May, 4 June, 2 and 23 July, 1789), one from ‘‘Gates” (28 May, 1789), one from ‘“‘Scuppernong” (11 June, 1789), one from “Tyrrel,” and one from “‘Perquimons” (30 July, 1789). Contributions of poetry from the country districts, or the editors’ acknowledgement of such contributions, may be found in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 March and 12 May, 1775; in Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787; in The Edenton Intelligencer, 9 April, and 4 June, 1788; and in the Favetteville Gazette, 14 and 21 September, 1789. There were numerous advertisements which were 20 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES also indicate that several papers circulated in towns other than those in which they were printed. Notices of lots for sale, of public auction of goods, of boats to be disposed of, of goods in stock in some store—such advertisements for one town ap- peared fairly often in the newspapers of another.!* Conclusive evidence that at least one paper had a wide circulation is furn- ished by a statement in Martin’s North Carolina Gazette :1* “This gazette is forwarded regularly once in a fortnight, in [to] the followings towns, Kinston, Greenesville, Tarborough,?® Halifax, Warrenton, Louisburg, Oxford, Williamsburg, and Harrisburg, by the Western Post, and to Wilmington, Wash- ington, and Edenton, by the Continental Post every week.’’1? It is impossible, then, to make any definite statement as to the number of subscribers to any of these newspapers, but it can be asserted that, while no paper was sold very extensively in the town in which it was published, several circulated fairly widely in neighboring towns and surrounding country. The Cape Fear Mercury was read in the Cape Fear region; The State Gazette of North-Carolina in the Albemarle section; and both James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette and Martin’s North Carolina Gazette in the east generally. Of all the journals, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette seems to have come nearer than any other to serving as a medium of expression for the whole of North Carolina, but this was possible because dur- ing most of its existence no other paper was being printed. evidently written to appeal to people living in rural sections. See, for illustration, notices of plantations for sale in the following papers: The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September and 29 December, 1773, 1 September, 1775; James Davis’s North Caro- lina Gazette, 29 August, 12 September, 28 November, and 12 December, 1777, 3 April, 1778; Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. %4The Cape Fear Mercury contains such advertisements for Cross Creek (23 September, 1773, and 11 May, 1774); James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for Hillsborough (9 January, 1778), Beaufort (6 March, 4 and 11 September, 1778), and Edenton (3 April, 1778); The State Gazette of North-Carolina for Warrenton (8 September, 1788), Murfreesborough (4 December, 1788), Windsor (22 January, 2 April, 1789), and Tarborough (1 October, 1789). 1519 December, 1787. 16 Greenesville was later shortened to Greenville; Tarborough to Tarboro. 17In November, 1772, Adam Boyd was promoting the circulation of The Cape Fear Mercury in Granville, Guilford and Chatham counties. Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX, p. 356. NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 21 A newspaper brought financial returns to its owner mainly through subscriptions and advertisements. As to the cost of subscriptions it is impossible to obtain information in most cases. Before the Revolution the standard price of The Cape Fear Mercury and of James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette was 16 shillings proclamation money per year. Publication of the first did not continue long after the revolt against Great Britain had begun, and whether or not its price was raised dur- ing that short time is not known. The second, however, con- tinued to exist for several years, and the printer found it neces- sary to announce to his subscribers, 3 April, 1778, that “the great rise in every article of life, or rather fall of our money, puts it out of our power to serve them any longer on the same terms: the price of this gazette is therefore raised to thirty shillings per annum. .’ Of those papers which came into existence after the cessation of hostilities and before 1790, only two quoted prices.18 The first of these, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, cost 25 shillings a year; the second, The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 40 shillings, a price apparently not justified by any exceptionally high quality which the paper possessed. The charge for printing advertisements varied. James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette before 1775 usually contained a statement to the effect that “Advertisements of a moderate Length, are inserted for Three Shillings the first Week, and Two Shillings for every Week after.”19 The Cape Fear Mer- cury before 18 May, 1774, gave notice that “ADVERTISE- MENTS of a moderate Length will be inserted at 4s Entrance, and 1s. a week Continuance: Those of an immoderate Length to pay in Proportion.” Of those papers which were published after 1782, Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette charged five shillings for the first week, and three for each week there- after; The State Gazette of North-Carolina eight and four It is possible that more than two papers quoted prices; but those copies which have been preserved do not indicate that this was the case. The wording of this statement was sometimes changed, but the price remained the same. 22 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES shillings respectively ; and The Wilmington Centinel and Gen- eral Advertiser the same amount. There were two other sources of income from newspapers, at least for some printers: (1) government subsidies and (2) money charged for printing the contributions of certain writers. Adam Boyd, in 1775, was paid a small amount by the Wilming- ton Committee of Safety in order to encourage the publication of his journal.2° Whether any other printer was paid by the public for such service cannot be ascertained. The only evi- dence as to receipts from the second source is a notice in Martin’s North Carolina Gazette:?1 “A piece under the signa- ture of Honestius has reached us. The author should he wish to have it inserted must make himself known, and pay a fee.” To what extent such fees were demanded by other publishers is unknown. It is probable, however, that most papers made no such charge. Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette?” took pains to inform the public that “Articles of Intelligence and Essays will be gratefully received; and the chances are that the majority of the other journals were glad to obtain anything with which to fill their columns. In paying for their newspapers, as in settling many of their other bills, it seems that a large number of North Carolinians were extremely tardy. It was customary to sell papers to sub- scribers on credit or on part credit?’—with the result that the printers seem to have lost heavily. James Davis, in his Gazette for 20 June, 1775, stated that “All persons in Arrear for this Paper, are requested to make payment ;” and again, 3 April, 1778, “our customers are requested to make payment for the last half year. . . . Our old customers long in arrear are once more called upon to make payment.” A Fayetteville paper was forced in 1791 to go out of business because of “The great expense of carrying on the same” and “the extreme want of punctuality in so large a number of their subscribers.”?* 70 Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. IX, p. 1111-1119. 7115 August, 1787. 216 February, 1786. 23 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 3 April, 1778. *% Weeks, S. B., op. cit., p. 45, note. For evidence that still another paper had difficulty in collecting money from subscribers, see The State Gazette of North- Carolina, 3 September, 1789. NortH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 23 Did it pay to publish a newspaper in this early period of North Carolina history? It must have done so since so many dif- ferent sheets were printed, some of which were continued for several years, but the business could hardly have been very lucrative. Subscribers were few. The papers were weeklies, and thus the price of subscriptions was not high enough to yield large profits. There was difficulty in collecting money which was due, and so most of the printers were forced to supplement their incomes by other activities. James Davis served as printer to the government, published books and sold them to the public, printed paper currency, contracted to carry the mails, was post- master at New Bern, and probably supervised the cultivation of one or more tracts of land which he owned. Andrew Steuart was printer to the government. Adam Boyd sold “sundry Pamphlets and Blanks; Also: Epsom and Glauber Salts by the Ib. or larger quantity”; and seems besides to have received financial aid from the Wilmington Committee of Safety. And so it was with most, perhaps all, of the others.25 That the business could not have paid very well is further indicated by the fact that no paper was able, as were several in other parts of America, to continue uninterrupted publication for several decades. The same factors which in the beginning had made the province tardy in securing newspapers, worked to limit the income of those which were established later. % Weeks, S. B., op. cit., passim. IV THe News Most of the news which was printed came from a distance. A paper usually contained several items from Europe and from the English settlements in America,! but carried little or no local news. It was customary to emphasize foreign events by placing them in the most conspicuous location, while local items were apparently considered least important and were therefore placed after all other news. The reader had to wander over Europe and a large part of America before finally arriving at home. Except very rarely there were no headlines to indicate what a column contained? and usually no emphasis was given to matters of special interest. The news of the epoch-making battle of Lexington, for instance, was printed on the third page of a New Bern paper without anything to indicate its impor- tance.® Nearly all the news from a distance seems to have been ex- tracted from papers which were brought into North Carolina by the post or, especially before the Revolution, by the numerous ships which sailed into her harbors. It was customary for 1The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 16 July, 1789, contained despatches from The Hague, Stockholm, Warsaw, Leghorn, Paris, London, Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Newbern. The average paper, however, did not include items from so many different cities. 2 Sometimes, however, there were printed in large type the word London or Paris or Boston, and the date of the despatch, showing the source and date of the news. One paper, The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, used the headlines Foreign Intelligence and Domestic Intelligence. 3 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 5 May, 1775. 4James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 November, 1751, contained items copied from the Westminster Journal of 27 July, and from The Old Woman's Magazine of 16 July. The same paper, 15 April, 1757, printed an article from the British Journal. Andrew Steuart, in his North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766, said that he presumed certain extracts from, English papers, printed below, would not be unacceptable to his readers; and the same printer, two weeks later, quoted from a Newbern paper of 14 January (probably The North Carolina Maga- zine; or, Universal Intelligencer). The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 26 February, 1789, included a paragraph “extracted from the Bahama Gazette, printed at Nassau, New Providence, the 3d ult.” The Edenton Intelligencer, 4 June, 1788, copied from a Norfolk paper. Usually the source was not given; but it is almost certain that nearly all the news from a distance was extracted from jews- papers which had been brought into North Carolina. [ 24] Ai NortuH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 “aa American editors to copy almost anything they could lay their hands on. The printers of North Carolina, according to the practice of the time, must have subscribed to a number of journals; and they must have paid the captains of ships sailing to Europe and up and down the coast to bring back with them a collection of the latest news-sheets.5 Sometimes, when the post had been irregular and when no ships had arrived for several weeks, they were at a loss as to what to include in their papers.® Upon such occasions they were forced either to delay publica- tion, or else to resort to padding. The winter months were those in which there was the greatest difficulty of communica- tion, and thus the greatest paucity of news; but North Caro- lina printers did not encounter in this matter such obstacles as did those farther to the north. Sometimes news from a distance was not copied from papers which had been brought into North Carolina, but was obtained from other sources. During the entire period before 1790 letters from correspondents were fairly often printed. James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, for instance, carried such items as an “Extract of a Letter from Edenton, to a Gentleman in Bath,’? and an “Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in Charlestown, to his Friend at Newbern.”® Statements of travel- lers and captains of ships were also used: “Newbern. . . A large Snow has arrived at Occacock from France the Master of which, and a Gentleman Passenger, report ° Dependence of the printers upon the mail service is indicated by a statement in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 30 November, 1778: ‘‘For the conveniency of inserting in this paper the earliest intelligence by the post, which arrives here on Saturday, it will, in the future, be published on Monday evening.’”’ Dependence upon the arrival of ships is illustrated by a paragraph in The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 9 April, 1789: “From papers received by the ship Polly and Nancy, Captain Warburton, lately arrived at this port from Liverpool (England) we have extracted the articles which follow. Had 6 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 3 April, 1778, contains the notice: “No mail from the Northward last week.’”’ On the other hand, there was sometimes available more news than could be included in one issue of a paper. For instance, in The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 30 August, 1789, is a statement that “On account of the extreme length of the talk with the Indians, proceedings of Congress, &c. &c. we are obliged to omit sundry articles of intelligence intended for this day’s paper.” Tid July; 1777; 81 August, 1777. 26 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES . 3’8 “Newbern. . . . Since our last, arrived here the ship Harmony-Hall, Captain Alderson, from France, who re- ports. . . ;’1° Such accounts were recognized as being of doubtful value and, except during the Revolution, were rarely relied upon. They were used chiefly during the years 1777 and 1778, when the post was irregular and when communication with the outside world was disorganized by the British ships which hovered off the coast. In contrast to our modern news-gathering facilities, the methods of the eighteenth century were slow and cumbrous in the extreme. Even when news came direct it usually travelled very slowly; but often, instead of coming direct, it arrived only by the most circuitous routes. An item of intelligence from New England, for instance, reached North Carolina only after having gone first to France and then to the West Indies ; and another piece of news, originating in Fayetteville, found its way to Edenton, ninety miles distant, by way of Richmond, and was printed in an Edenton paper more than two and a half months after the recorded event had taken place.11_ These are exceptional cases, but they show what often happened in the eighteenth century. On the other hand, news could sometimes travel much more rapidly than in the instances cited above. The newspapers mentioned, for example, a despatch which came in 1775 by “express” in twelve days from Connecticut, a ship which in 1777 brought news in thirteen days from the West Indies, and another vessel which in 1788 had come from New York in nine days.12. Communication between North Carolina ® James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 17 October, 1777. 10 Tbid., 25 September, 1778. 11 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 January, 1778, contains this inter- esting bit: “From the Antigua Gazette. To the Printer. Sir, The following is a copy of an American paper, arrived by the way of Nantz. . . .” The State Gazette of North Carolina, 5 February, 1789, prints what is probably copied from a Martinique paper, the “Extract of a letter from a French gentleman in Boston to his friend in Martinique.” And the same sheet three weeks later includes what seems to be reprinted from a Richmond paper: “Richmond, January 14. Extract of a letter from Fayetteville (N. C.), December 6, 1788.” 13“‘Newbern, May 5 (1775). Just received by Express, in twelve Days from Wallingford [near New Haven] in Connecticut. . . :” James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette. . . . “Newbern, November 28, 1777. By a Vessel in thirteen Days Po from the West Indies to our Bar, advices are received that... ;’’ IJbid., “Wil- - Nortu CaroLiInaA NEwsparers BEForE 1790 Ci, and the outside world could be fairly rapid, but usually news from a distance was so old by the time it was published that, at least according to modern notions, it was entirely out of date. During the decade prior to the Revolution, for instance, the Wilmington papers printed items as old as these: from Stock- holm, 120 days; from Minsk, 117 days; from Cologne, 126 days; from London, 93 days; from Boston, 52 days; from Charleston, 21 days.13 During the years 1777 and 1778, in spite of the fact that means of communication were disorganized, items printed in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette were not quite so old as these, and after 1783 there was still greater improvement. A study of certain numbers of The State Gazette of North-Carolina for 1788 and 1789 gives the follow- ing results : AcE (IN Days) or ITEMs or NEws PRINTED IN The State Gazette of North-Carolina For 1788 anv 1789 Point of Smallest number Largest number Number of origin of days of days Average instances VEE WSN WR ias aR ER NUD 106 115 111 2 LEP IGG): yi eA Cie aU a 90 111 103 3 Nondom rn tices kh Tae 68 125 85 14 Boston est stn os 36 44 40 3 WMawsi Morker iitiitk oil us) 13 27 23 10 hiladelplaia (2.08). 14 31 23 15 BaltimMoreurene ke ee nce 13 Shieh ye 23 11 roland eS es 11 25 19 7 Petersburg seem Ra es 7 14 11 2 Norfolk ise beth ert 13 13 13 1 Savannialiy css! ied iets yee 35 77 56 2 febarlestony) ue eevee Ok 24 37 31 2 Witlmaingtoni) iin iue enn) 21 21 21 1 NeW, Beri) 25.0 Ua eee 14 14 14 3 Probably in most cases the age of these items can be taken as the approximate length of time required for news from those cities to reach North Carolina. Sometimes when more news was at hand than could be printed in one issue of a paper, the mansion [June 18, 1788]. On Sunday iast arrived in this port, the schooner Gen- eral Washington, Capt. William Meads, after a passage of 9 days from New-York.” The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser. 18 Average for several items. 28 James Sprunt HistTorrcaL STUDIES publisher seems to have held some of it to be included in later issues; but this practice was apparently not followed to any great extent. The fact that news was weeks or months old did not keep people from reading it with interest. No matter what the age, it was fresh to them. Whether they would have preferred more local news and more articles of a literary nature to the great preponderance of foreign items which appeared in such papers as James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, it is difficult to say. The average American news-sheet of the period, par- ticularly during the years before 1775, gave very little space to local events. Since Americans were vitally concerned in the wars and alliances and treaties of Europe, they naturally took an interest in European news. Thus it may be argued that the printers gave their subscribers merely what they wanted. On the other hand, it is true that several of the early American papers, such as The New-England Courant of James Franklin, The New-York Weekly Journal of John Peter Zenger, and The Massachusetts Spy of Isaiah Thomas, followed the policy of filling their sheets largely with matter other than stale foreign despatches ; and there can be no doubt that some of the papers of this type were both widely read and profitable to the publish- ers. Thus it is quite possible that some of the printers of North Carolina, and many elsewhere in America, might have given their papers a greater appeal had they omitted some of the foreign matter and included material of a different nature, particularly local news. They perhaps printed such a pre- ponderance of foreign news, not because their readers wanted it, but because it was much easier to copy imported newspapers than to take the trouble of writing reports of local events or of composing articles for the amusement of readers. Local events, such as fires, deaths, storms, marriages, goods exported, prices, and ships entering and clearing, were reported with great brevity. For example: “NEWBERN. OCTOBER 24 (1777). . . . On Tuesday last was married. Mr. James Green, Jun. of this County, to Miss Peggy Cogdell, second daughter of Colonel Richard Cogdell, of this Town; a most Nortu CaroLtina NEwspaArers BEForE 1790 29 amiable and agreeable young Lady, with a considerable Share of Beauty and other Accomplishments.”14 Such an item is of much greater interest to the present-day student than are the foreign despatches; it is to be regretted that the papers did not include more of them.15 Sometimes a paper included news from the country districts or from towns other than the one in which the sheet was printed. During the decade following 1765 a great deal was published in regard to the proceedings of the committees of safety in various counties; and scattered through the papers of the period were occasional paragraphs about crimes, the condi- tion of the crops, and other miscellaneous matters relating to North Carolina. For example: ‘The late severe frosts in the back country, we hear, has done great damage, particularly to the tobacco. . . . Some whole fields of late tobacco are entirely destroyed . . . it has likewise done great injury to the-late corn.”!6 During the years 1777 and 1778 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette contained a number of items illustrating the activity of English ships off the coast. For instance:17_ “The cruizers are yet very troublesome on our coast, having lately cut several vessels and small craft out of Roanoke and Currituck inlets. Besides Capt. Goodrick, there is Capt. McLean, a little Scotchman, well known here, cruizing off our inlets; he has taken several of our vessels, and thus, exultingly, with Scotch gratitude, returns the many and sin- gular favours and polite treatment he lately received here.” The political news of North Carolina was given a fairly large amount of space. Before the Revolution the papers some- times printed the proceedings of assembly and council, ad- dresses of the governor to the two houses, or petitions to the king. During and after the struggle with Great Britain they published the laws which recently had been passed, extracts 14 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 October, 1777. 18 A few issues of papers contained quite a little local news. For instance, Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 and 26 February, 1766, was largely filled with accounts of the actions taken in and around Wilmington to oppose the enforcement of the Stamp Act. 16 Fayetteville Gazette, 12 October, 1789. 717 July, 1778. 30 James Sprunt Historicat StupiEs from the journals of legislative bodies, or reports of legislative committees. Such items were usually mere copies of docu- ments and were not presented in such a way as to appeal to readers. Only very rarely did the editors venture any comment. The printers, then, were greatly handicapped in supplying the news by poor facilities of communication. They were often unable to obtain full accounts of what was going on outside a small section of North Carolina; and those accounts which they did obtain were frequently four or five months old. Thus it was impossible for them to keep their readers up to date as to what was happening in the world. An opportunity which they perhaps neglected, however, was that of publishing more local news. Had they done this they might have made their papers more readable and have increased their circulation. Certainly they would have made them more interesting and valuable to the student of today. ‘ V LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS AND LETTERS TO THE EDITORS Sometimes the printers had no difficulty in obtaining enough news to fill all the space at their disposal, but often they were forced to turn to any kind of material upon which they could lay their hands. At times they received contributions from readers, but more often they had to copy selections from books, magazines or other newspapers. Some of these, such as “An Account of the Life, Religion, and Polity of Mohammed, as it is contained in the Koran”! must have been very tiresome. Others, such as “Hints for Young Married Women,’ were perhaps both instructive and entertaining. Interesting likewise must have been the satires upon the intricacies of etiquette such as: “Maxims for the Conduct of Young Gentlemen. ; When in company with gentlemen, your superiors in age, edu- cation, and experience, be sure to engross the conversation, forcing attention to your observations by the vociferation with which they are uttered, and the violence of your gesture, if not by their importance. Speak out plumply and with decision, on subjects which have puzzled the ablest philosophers and metaphysicians ; and descant largely on the politics, commerce and state of your country, whether possessed of information on these points, or not. . . .”8 A number of anecdotes were published, many of them so vulgar that they would not be allowed to appear in a respectable newspaper today.* Others were not inelegant, but were merely funny. For instance: “A Gentleman riding one morning very early in a place where he happened not to be acquainted, coming up by the side of a young woman who was carrying a pig in her arms, and hearing it squeal violently, addressed her thus, Why my dear, your child cries amazingly! The young woman *James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 June, 1768. 2 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. * Tite State Gazette of North-Carolina, 5 February, 1789. *See, for example, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 25 June, 1789, for a prurient story about a French woman. 4 [31] 32 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES readily turned round, and looking him in the face, said, with a smile upon her countenance, J know it Sir! it always does when it sees his Daddy.”® Stories of the kind seem always to have been copied ; probably they were never original. The papers also printed letters to the editors and contri- butions of native verse. The letters usually made no claim to literary excellency, but were written for some practical purpose. People often aired their views pretty thoroughly in the news- papers, sometimes using the most violent invective against each other. Complaints as to business conditions ;* comments on the colonial courts of oyer and terminer ;7 replies to attacks made by critics ;8 a discussion of duelling ;® a statement of the views of a candidate for office on the eve of an election!9—such were the contents of these letters. During the years 1788 and 1789, when the state was considering the advisability of adopting the new federal constitution, the papers were full of political con- tributions, one of the most illuminating being a series of arti- cles by ‘‘Aratus” in The State Gazette of North-Carolina. These articles succeeded in stirring up the bitterest kind of opposition among a number of readers of the paper. On May 28, 1789, for instance, there was this: “Gates, May 16, 1789. Mess.. Printers, . . . Should the learned Aratus think himself roughly treated, let him comfort himself with another parade of his erudition; but let him beware of wantonly turning up his posteriors again, for should they not be so lean as to excite compassion, they will probably meet with some attention from Flagellator Scurrarum.” To which, and to another similar letter, ‘‘Aratus” replied, 2 July: “As two ‘Jackanapes’ have attacked Aratus, he begs leave to inform them for fear of mis- take, that he may be personally heard of by applying to the 5 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 26 February, 1789. For other anecdotes, see James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 13 March, 1752; Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786; and The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 19 February, 1789. @ Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. ™The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 8 Tbid., 11 August, 1775; The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 13 August, 1789. 9 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 30 November, 1778. 1° The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 13 August, 1789. Nortu Carotina Newsparers BeErore 1790 33 Printers.”!!_ Other controversies were not so bitter as this, but there were many which could be called anything but friendly. At one time or another during its existence nearly every one of these early papers contained, on page three or four, a ‘‘Poet’s Corner.” Although occasionally a native contribution appeared, most of the verse was copied and may be passed over with a word. A few of the poems of Philip Freneau and Peter Pindar were printed ;!2 but usually such verse was composed by obscure writers and was of little merit. The native contributions, while perhaps worthless as literature, are nevertheless interesting in that nothing else of the kind has been preserved for this period. So far as is known, no book of North Carolina poetry was pub- lished before 1790; and North Carolinians do not seem to have written verse for any magazine.18 This newspaper verse was mainly of a very practical kind, just as were the contributions of prose. One number of James Davis’s North Carolina Ga- zette,14 for instance, contained a few lines consoling a widow upon the loss of her husband. Sometimes controversies in verse were waged, each writer belaboring the other with the most insulting epithets. In The Edenton Intelligencer for 9 April, 1788, appeared lines worth reproducing in part: Did’st thou not know, thou idiot most ill bred, A writer—first of all, should have a head, Well stor’d with brains, and with ideas full, And not like thine, an almost vacant skull ? Hie thee for shame! go with thy fellow brutes, Crop the green herbage or regale on roots, And never more—no never dare again, To visit social life—or mix with men. Occasionally scandal formed the theme of such controversies.15 Contributions of verse were not always gratefully received by editors. Francis Xavier Martin informed one writer that 41 The letters of “Aratus” and the replies which they brought forth are printed in full in Appendix B. 4 See, for example, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 1789, passim. 38 The writer has not examined the files of The North Carolina Magazine; or, Universal Intelligencer. * 4424 March, 1775. 18 This, for instance, was the case with the verses printed in the Fayetteville Gazette, 14 September, 1789. 34 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES “The lines, signed ‘A Reporter,’ which were sent to us on Mon- day morning, we then being absent, do not appear worthy of a place in this paper. The author will perhaps exclaim, H—g this F—chman.!® J wonder who made him a judge of English poetry. We know but one rule of English poetry, to wit, That in a poem there should be sense. It is the only touchstone by which we try the literary favours of our correspondents.”17 At least one other printer of the period made a similar statement.1§ Perhaps the most enterprising attempt made by any news- paper in North Carolina during this early period to amuse its readers was that of The Cape Fear Mercury, which, during the fall of 1770, published a literary supplement. Five numbers of this supplement, which probably form a complete whole, have been preserved,!® the first printed 13 October, the last appar- ently 24 November. Each number consists of one sheet printed on both sides, the size being approximately eleven inches in length by seven in breadth. The supplements are almost en- tirely filled with five serial articles, entitled “some adventures which the Writer met with at an Inn where he stopped in a journey made Northerly,” written by “Jack Careless.” Imi- tating the style of Addison in rather clumsy fashion, they tell about what seems to have been a fictitious visit to aninn. A tenuous thread of narrative runs throughout all of them; and there are certain passages which are entertaining. But most parts are extremely dull, the theme is very poorly developed and, without the strictest attention, it is impossible to under- stand what the writer means. The articles in the supplement are meant to appear to be of native origin. It is stated that they were contained in “a packet which was left at the Printing Office”; and in the first number the writer tells of reading an earlier issue of The Cape Fear 16 Martin had emigrated from France to America about the time of the beginning revolt against Great Britain. Weeks, S. B., op. cit., pp. 37-38. 11 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787. 18 See the Fayetteville Gazette, 21 September, 1789. 12These numbers of the supplement of The Cape Fear Mercury are in the Cobb Loan in the library of the University of North Carolina. The North Caro- lina Historical Commission possesses neither original nor photostat copies of them. NortH CaroLtina NEWSPAPERS BEFore 1790 a5 Mercury. Upon a careful study, however, it becomes evident that the editor is merely using a ruse to deceive his readers, and that he has really copied the articles with a few changes from some English paper. The point of view taken is that of an Englishman; certain terms used show an intimate knowledge of English court life; and the purpose seems to be to appeal to English readers. Moreover the style, while laborious, is never- theless more polished than that of any contribution by a native to a North Carolina newspaper. All things considered, it is hardly probable that the articles were written in the colony. Some of the American news-sheets, such as The Virginia Ga- gette and The Pennsylvania Gazette, did contain original literary productions of a high quality; but the North Carolina papers did not. VI EDITORIAL COMMENT These early North Carolina papers contained no formal edi- torials. For the most part the editors, unlike some other Ameri- can editors of the period, restricted themselves to publishing the news without comment. Hence it is sometimes difficult to ascertain what their attitude was in regard to public issues. Only by a careful study of the type of material they printed and of the few remarks they made can any notion as to their position be gained. James Davis, publisher of The North Carolina Gazette, seems to have been quite tactful and politic. During the colonial period, when he was printer to the government and thus natur- ally anxious not to offend either governor or assembly, he con- tented himself with merely publishing the news and refrained from expressing his own views in print one way or the other. When the Revolution came on, however, he took the side of the colonies, and here and there in his paper included items which showed his sentiments. In 1777, commenting upon the depar- ture from the state of a shipload of loyalists, he declared that they “chuse to risk every Consequence rather than acknowledge the Freedom of a Country which has been so remarkably pro- pitious to the People of their Nation” ;! and in the spring of 1778 he urged “the necessity of keeping some force on Occa- cock island, otherwise our trade will be annihilated.”2 Never, however, does he seem to have used forceful language or strong arguments in the few opinions which he expressed. Very different was Andrew Steuart, who was courageous enough, or perhaps foolhardy enough, to say just what he thought. A firm believer in the freedom of the press, he did 1 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 25 July, 1777. 3 Tbid., 10 April, 1778. Upon another occasion (25 September, 1777) he ex- pressed his regret at the drowning of Richard Blackledge, who had been carrying on the public salt works of the state. A month later (31 October, 1777) he wrote a brief article consoling the widow of General Nash, an officer who had been killed in the battle of Germantown, upon the loss of her husband. [ 36 ] Nortu Carotina Newsparers BEerore 1790 37 not see why he should be restrained in his criticism. His paper for 12 February, 1766, contained an article which was more like an editorial than anything else appearing in a North Caro- lina news-sheet before 1790: The Printer hereof cannot help observing to the Publick, that he is at present in a very disagreeable Situation. At the earnest Desire, or rather stern Command of the People, he has endeavoured, with great Difficulty, to carry on a News Paper, well knowing that that Province that is deprived of the Liberty of the Press, is deprived of one of the darling Privileges which they, as Englishmen, boast of. . . . The Consequence has been, that, for publishing a Letter from a Gentleman at Tar- borough, (who no doubt tho’t that he was as much entitled to the Liberty of the Press, and making his Sentiments thereby known to the Public, as any other Man) he has been Threatened with a Horse-Whipping: . . . and doubtless he would have run some Hazard, had he refus’d inserting that very letter . What Part is he now to act? . . . Continue to keep his Press open and free and be in Danger of Corporal Punishment, or block it up, and run the risque of having his Brains knocked out? Sad Alternative. . . . One Thing he has long ago resolved on, viz. That as he looks upon himself to be a freeborn Subject, no Man shall ever Horse whip him, if it is in his Power to prevent it ; and when ever any such Threats are made toward him, he’ll take Care to be on his Guard. This statement and others of Steuart are mild when compared with the bitter attacks made on individuals and on the colonial governments in such papers as The New-York Weekly Journal of John Peter Zenger and The Massachusetts Spy of Isaiah Thomas. They are, however, more forceful than any other expression of editorial opinion in North Carolina before 1790. It was because of his radical policy that Steuart lost the support of many subscribers and was finally forced to discontinue the publication of his journal, . Adam Boyd was neither as outspoken as Steuart, nor as cautious as Davis. His policy, however, was more similar to that of the latter than to that of the former. Before 1775 he was careful not to go too far, although the type of news he printed showed clearly that he did not entirely approve of the 38 James SprunT Historica STUDIES policy of the British government. Even after the Revolution had begun he did not express his own ideas in regard to the great issues at stake, but he did copy for his paper a number of articles which strove to justify the colonies in their revolt. Thomas Davis was more outspoken than his father. In his paper, The North Carolina Gazette, which he was publishing at Hillsboro in 1786, he expressed his opinions quite openly. The one copy preserved contains two paragraphs in the nature of editorials, one criticizing the legislature on account of its paper money policy, the other commenting on the acts recently passed which had confiscated the property of Loyalists. Francis Xavier Martin, in his North Carolina Gazette, like- wise expressed himself in brief editorial comments. He did not hesitate to inform a contributor that his verse was not fit to print ;3 and in the summer of 1787 he frankly discussed the secrecy of the proceedings of the Federal Convention, then sit- ting in Philadelphia. Only three issues of his paper have been preserved. No doubt if others were in existence they would show that he published his views in regard to numerous other matters. The State Gazette of North-Carolina, published at first by Hodge and Blanchard and later by Hodge and Wills, does not seem to have taken any very decided stand upon the issues of the day. Since it was printed during a period when there was great interest in problems of government, violent political con- troversies were waged in its columns ;° but the editors, although willing to include in their paper the ideas of others, were very cautious about expressing their own. Very rarely, however, they did commit themselves, as, for instance, when they printed a brief “Laus Deo” after the ratification of the federal con- stitution by the North Carolina convention of 1789,° or when they mildly declared that it was an excellent thing that the academies of North Carolina were prospering.” 3 See above, pp. 33-34. 411 July, 1787. 5 See above, pp. 32-33; see also Appendix B. © The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 3 December, 1789. 7 [bid., 22 October, 1789. NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 39 Only two copies of The Edenton Intelligencer have been preserved, but they contain sufficient evidence to show that even as early as the spring and summer of 1788 Maurice Murphy, the editor, was in favor of North Carolina’s entering the new union. Murphy does not seem to have expressed his own opinions, but he copied articles from other journals, the mean- ing of which could not be mistaken. The one issue of The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser which is available does not contain editorial com- ment of any kind. It does include, however, an article “To the people of the state of North Carolina,” urging that the Hills- boro convention decline to adopt the federal constitution with- out amendments reserving to each state a number of rights, especially control over its own army, navy and mint. The arti- cle urges that the powers of the existing Congress be strength- ened, rather than that the new constitution be ratified. It is signed ‘“‘Honestius,” and, although probably not written by one of the editors, indicates that the paper was anti-federalist in policy. It is unfortunate that we have only four numbers of the Fayetteville Gazette. If we had more, we should probably be in a better position to gauge political sentiment in the state in 1789. While the editors, Sibley and Howard, apparently did not express their views in regard to political matters, their paper is very valuable in that it contains a number of articles dis- cussing the advisability of North Carolina’s ratifying the new constitution. A series of letters to the editors in regard to the establishment of a religion in America; an “Extract of a letter from a gentleman in New-York to his friend in this state, dated July 29, 1789,” in favor of North Carolina’s coming into the union; two contributions signed, “Another True Federalist. Hillsborough, August 20, 1789,” opposing ratification of the constitution until certain amendments have been adopted—such articles are of great worth to the student.8 It is possible, although not probable, that some of these essays were written by the editors themselves, and that fictitious names were signed to them in order to deceive the public. Vil ADVERTISEMENTS 1. Description of Advertisements The publishers of North Carolina newspapers, in the period before 1790, had not learned a great deal about the art of adver- tising. They did, it is true, use various devices to catch the eye of the reader—very large lettering and italics and crude cuts representing houses or ships or runaway slaves. But their advertisements were usually very dull, mere announcements put together with little thought of appealing to popular fancy, more similar to modern English advertisements than to those of the United States. In this respect North Carolina printers seem to have measured up to the average among their American con- temporaries. They did not, however, compare favorably with a small number, such as Benjamin Franklin, who had learned to make such notices pithy and interesting. Moreover, they were not clever in placing their advertisements. Having failed to realize the value of sandwiching them between bits of news, they usually grouped them all together on pages three and four.* But, although not cleverly worded or well placed, the adver- tisements are valuable to the student. There is no other printed source which gives so many or so intimate details as to country life: the types of houses people lived in, the number of horses and cattle and pigs they owned, the crops they raised, and the number of slaves they possessed ;2 as to commerce: the number of ships that entered and cleared, the products they carried, where they went and whence they came, and how long it re- quired for them to make their trips; as to towns: goods on dis- 1 Although the advertisements usually appeared only on the last two pages, they might be found anywhere in a paper. The total space they occupied varied con- siderably, but was most often from one-sixth to one-third of the total. 2This paper does not discuss the subject of country life. While the advertise- ments are full of information in regard to the matter, they do not shed sufficient light for an adequate treatment. Furthermore, a comprehensive study of such a broad topic, even if it could be made from the newspapers alone, would require too much space for a paper of this type. [ 40] NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 41 play at stores, houses for sale, plays and schools; as to printing, labor conditions, stealing, the value of money, the kinds of clothes worn—in fact, as to almost every phase of the life of the people. An exhaustive study of these advertisements, to- gether with the other sources which are available, should lead to interesting conclusions. The remarks which follow do not represent such an exhaustive study; they are intended to be suggestive rather than final.? 2. Trade and Commerce The advertisements are full of information in regard to the trade and commerce of North Carolina. They indicate that during the quarter of a century before the Revolution her in- habitants, abiding by the provisions of the Navigation Acts, traded little or none outside the limits of the British Empire.* With the mother country, with the British West Indies, and with the other continental colonies there was an extensive busi- ness. Even at this time the lack of an adequate harbor was a serious handicap to commerce, but the ships used were so small that it was possible for them, in spite of the inconvenience and danger, to pass through the narrow and shifting channels which led past the bar into the sounds of eastern North Carolina, or to steer their way some distance up the Cape Fear, usually as far as Wilmington. There are a few notices which indicate what types of goods were exported from North Carolina. In May, 1778, for ex- ample, there was offered for sale “the Caswell, burthen 90 tons, now lying at Bogue inlet ready for séa with the fol- iheihne cargo on board, viz. 68 barrels tar, 114 do. pitch, 148 do. turpentine, 7 do. spirit turpentine, 3 do. of vernish, 4800 white oak hogshead staves, 25000 lb. tobacco, 8 barrels pork, and ROOO MID. biscuit...) 7 ‘The writer hopes before long to complete an investigation of economic and social conditions in North Carolina, 1763-1789. 4It may be, however, that some clandestine trade was carried on which the papers did not tell about. A man engaged in violating the Navigation Acts would hardly have desired to advertise his business. "James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 May, 1778. 42 James Sprunt HistoricaL STupIEs In regard to the types of goods which were imported, how- ever, the advertisements are much more explicit. Before 1775 a number of stores in the colony kept a miscellaneous assort- ment of goods imported direct from the British Isles: “Just imported in the Snow Mary, Captain Corrie, from Leith: and the Ship Caesar, Captain Hume, from Glasgow; and to be sold by William Watkins, At his Store in Wilmington: Very good oznabrigs at ls. & 6d. per yard. a compleat assortment of checks. striped linens. . . . threads of all sorts. pistol lawns, plain and flower’d lawns. plain figur’d and striped gauze. gauze aprons handkerchiefs and ruffles. . . . sattin hats, cloaks and bonnets. sattin and calamancoe shoes. men’s neat shoes and pumps. coarse shoes. . . An assortment of very handsome paper hangings. one set of mape. choice hyson green and bohea teas. a few coils of cordage. . . iron pots. fry- ing pans and skillets. 20d. nails. an assortment hair cauls. rib- bons &c. for perukemakers. . . . Rum. sugar. molasses. and various other goods before imported.” For the most part such goods consisted of articles manufactured in England or Scotland, but there were also commodities from other sources which came by way of Great Britain or Ireland: rum, sugar and molasses from the West Indies ;7 tea, spices, and medicines from China, India and the East Indies; wine from France or the Iberian Peninsula, silks from France, and fine textiles from the Netherlands.® During the Revolution direct communication with Great Britain was cut off, and the people of North Carolina found it necessary to establish new trade contacts. Advertisements appearing in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for the years 1777 and 1778 show that large quantities of goods were im- ported from France, and smaller quantities from Spain and the French West Indies. For instance: “Newbern, Feb. 20 [1778]. Just arrived from Nantz, the Schooner Inconstant, © Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. ™These products were brought into the colony also direct from the British West Indies. 8 Tobacco seems never to have been imported, since a supply more than adequate was produced in the colony. NortH CAroLinaA NEwspaPers BEFORE 1790 43 Capt. Vance, commander, who has imported the following cargo, which he will sell, for cash or produce: . . .” Although most of the goods which came from regions outside the British Empire were similar to those which had been imported from the British Isles before 1775, there were a number of products which had not been brought in extensively before: articles of finery and luxury such as “gold epaulets, ostrich’s feathers and sashes for officers, sword belts. . . , gilt and horn buttons, paper snuff boxes, looking glasses, combs of different kinds. . . , scented waters. . . , hair powder in pounds;” a most tempting collection of beverages: “French brandy in hogsheads, claret in bottles, Frontenac, Malaga and Mucadel wines &c. French liquors of different kinds ;” articles of food which would appeal to the connoisseur: “raisins in small boxes, currants in casks, linseed and olive oil in casks, fine, Florence oil in cases of 12 bottles, anchoivies in ditto, olives in ditto, capers in ditto, truffles in ditto, olives with anchoivies and capers, fruit pre- served in brandy ;” and a miscellany of commodities which were fancy and unusual, but which were hardly to be desired when even the necessities of life were scarce.® Imports before 1775 had been largely of a different nature, articles which were useful rather than luxuries which appealed to the eye or to the palate. During the years 1777 and 1778 there was in the state a scarcity of certain kinds of provisions. A proclamation of the governor, September, 1777, prohibited the exportation of salt for thirty days.*%* In February, 1778, it was ordered that no beef, pork, bacon or salt be sent out of the state for thirty days in order that there might be for the armies as large quantities of these commodities as possible.®” A little later the ban was extended to include corn, peas and flour.2* And in September of the same year it was necessary to command that on account of the scarcity of provisions in the state, no beef, pork, bacon, ®James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 7 August, 1778. These goods were offered for sale by Savage and Westmore at Edenton. They were typical of a large part of the imports of the state at the time. 9a Tbid., 5 September, 1777. %> Tbid., 6 February, 1778. 8c Tbid., 20 February, 1778. 44 James SprunT Historicat STupDIES flour, wheat, Indian corn, rice, peas, or any other kind of pro- vision be exported for thirty days.9* When those articles nec- essary for a bare existence were so much needed, it must have seemed absurd that ships from France were bringing such articles as hair powder, scented waters and truffles. In the years immediately following the Revolution the state established wider commercial connections than ever before. She traded with the British Isles, with France, with both British and French West Indies, and up and down the coast. But al- though the ships trading with her visited more foreign ports than formerly, they for the most part came to ply again the routes which they had sailed before 1775. Imported goods were often disposed of at public sale. “Newbern, April 17 [1778]. Capt. Caillaud, late commander of the ship St. Germain from Cape Francois, lately stranded at Occacock bar, intends to sell at public vendue, the 28th inst. at Mr. Singleton’s wharf, the articles saved from the wreck. .’10 Goods thus disposed of went to the highest bidder, usually a merchant. Sometimes such auctions took place on board ship. Goods which had been imported usually found their way to stores, some of which must have been well known in their own sections. John Burgwyn at Wilmington, Edward Batchelor & Co. at Union Point [near New Bern], and Lory Brothers at New Bern seem to have had unusually wide reputations for that day. Sometimes a firm operated stores in two or more towns. There was, for instance, a co-partnership between Sutherland and Cruden at Wilmington and John Cruden & Co. at Cross Creek ;!1 and Scott, Irwin and Couper had stores at Tarboro, Martinboro and Washington.1*_ Nearly all these shops carried, as does the cross-roads store today, the most miscel- laneous assortment of commodities: shoes and olives, table linen and brimstone, frying pans and ribbons—almost anything, in od Ibid., 11 September, 1778. The proclamation provided that exception might be made in certain cases. 10 Tbid., 24 April, 1778. The Cape Fear Mercury, 11 May, 1774. 22 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 23 January, 1778. NortuH CaroLtina Newspapers Berore 1790 45 fact, which could be sold for a profit. Very rare was the store which dealt only in a specialized kind of goods.1% Usually merchants bought their wares outright. That they did not always do so, however, is indicated by the advertise- ment of A. H. Adams, who “respectfully informs the Gentle- men of Newbern, and the public, that he has opened a Com- mission store in Pollock-street, where all kinds of English and West-India goods are thankfully received, and sold on the low- est commissions. If required, good security will be given to the amount of the goods.”'4 While there seem to have been no stores which did an exclusively wholesale business, a number disposed of their goods either wholesale or retail. It is prob- able that the majority if not all of them followed this policy. Most of the merchants insisted upon immediate payment for goods, but, since ready money was scarce, they were often forced to accept substitutes—as is illustrated by such phrases as these: “Tar, turpentine or lumber will be taken in pay- ment”’;15 “for cash or produce only” ;1® “for ready money or tobacco” ;1* “for cash or produce: no credit will be given, nor any goods delivered until paid for—without any exception.’ 8 Some stores did allow credit but seem to have suffered mate- tially from bad debts. That this was the case is indicated by such a statement as this: “[ We] call on our good Friends, who are in Arrear to us, either by open Account, Bond, or Note, to make immediate Payment.”!9 North Carolinians were not noted for prompt settlement of their debts. An extensive trade in medicines was carried on: “Doctor Ward wishes to thank the public for the kind reception given to his purging cake. . . . Ward’s Anodyne Pearls 16 in a paper for only ls and that to be returned to any buyer who shail say they have not answered the character here given. 18 JIn 1788 John Cuyler was keeping in New Bern a “Medical Store opposite Mr. John Green’s.”’ The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 27 March, 1788. 14 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 18 The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 4¢ Tbid., 13 January, 1773. 17 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 29 May, 1778. 1%8The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 4 October, 1787. 22 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 May, 1775. 46 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES To preclude the attempts of imposture, by any imitation, Doctor Ward will sign his name with red ink, on every paper of printed directions that will be given along with them.”2° “To be Sold, Stoughton’s excellent London Bitters, being a grand Preventative against the Ague and Fever, and giving Strength and Digestion to the Stomach: Also some Cases of genuine Cordials.”’*1 “For sale, . . . Dr. Stephany’s incomparable gold tincture, also his infallible ague pills (sold by no other person in this state). . . .”’22 Most of the remedies dis- posed of would be considered helpful by the modern doctor, but some of them most assuredly would not.2% 3. Manufacturing The advertisements indicate that before 1790 only a very small amount of manufacturing was carried on in North Caro- lina. Especially was this true during the colonial period, when the industrial revolution had not got under way, and when nowhere in the world had great manufacturing cities grown up. Even the type of manufacturing which was carried on under the domestic system was discouraged in America, since one of the cardinal points of the mercantilist policy of the British gov- ernment required that the cotoniés should not compete with the mother country in the fabrication of goods, but should rather furnish her with raw materials and serve as markets for the products of her factories. In North Carolina the towns were of little consequence. In regard to the piedmont and mountain sections, the advertisements give little or no information, but they show that on the plantations in the east there were saw mills, grist mills, and kilns for the production of naval stores, and that many of the slaves and white servants were skilled as coopers, as blacksmiths, or as workers in some other form of 20 The Cape Fear Mercury, 29 December, 1773. 71 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 February, 1775. ™The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 2 March, 1788. 3A very curious notice was the one which stated that ‘Any person that will dispose of their Front Teeth (slaves excepted) may receive Two Guineas for each, by calling on Doctor Laymeur. For further particulars enquire of the Printer.” Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786. Norru Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 47 artisanry.24 Most manufactured articles, however, were not produced in the colony, but were imported. With the severing of commercial relations with Great Brit- ain in 1775 the situation quickly changed and the demand for certain commodities which had formerly been imported stimu- lated industry in various ways. North Carolina found herself especially in need of three kinds of fabricated goods: paper, cloth and iron; and in order to meet this need attempts were made to produce all three. The first paper mill was established Ri worded ae eaeemteats of the a) stating that they: ce : request the Favour of the Public and more par- ticularly the Mistresses of Families, and the Ladies in general, whose more peculiar Province it is, to save all their Rags and Scraps of Linen of all Sorts; old Thread Stockings, Thrums from their Linen Looms, and every Kind of Linen, is useful. As this undertaking is novel, saving Rags may perhaps be thought too trifling, and below the Notice of the good Matrons of this State; but when they consider they are aiding and assist- ing in a necessary Manufacture, and when the young Ladies are assured, that by sending to the Paper Mill an old Handkerchief, no longer fit to cover their snowy Breasts, there is a Possi- bility of its returning to them again in the more pleasing Form of a Billet Deaux from their Lovers, the Proprietors flatter themselves with great Success. . . .”25 The spinning of thread and weaving of cloth in the household were encouraged, and at least one fulling mill was put into operation ;?6 and iron works were operated on Deep River in Chatham County.27 All of these attempts at manufacturing proved abortive. While the war was going on, although there was a great de- mand for certain types of fabricated goods, the time for the % The advertisements make no mention of the extensive manufacturing which was carried on in Wachovia by the Moravians. 25 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 14 November, 1778. 28 This was ‘‘in Pitt county, about ten miles above Red Banks.’’ Ibid., 14 November, 1778. 27 Tbid., 9 January, 1778. Iron works had been in operation in North» Carolina 2s early as 1771. Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. VIII, p. 496. There was also a great shortage of salt during the Revolution, although the advertisements do not indicate that this was the case. 48 James Sprunt HisroricaL STUDIES establishment of factories was not propitious, since the whole economic system of North Carolina was disorganized. With the return of peace, when trade had largely gone back to its old channels, it was probably easier and cheaper to import goods than to make them at home. Thus the advertisements between 1783 and 1790 contain very little about manufacturing. A new paper mill was erected at Salem in 1789; and notices were printed in the papers by shoemakers and locksmiths.?* On the whole, however, the amount of manufacturing in the state was negligible. Before 1775 the advertisements give evidence of no ship- building.2® During and after the Revolution, however, they indicate that many ships were constructed. In the years 1777 and 1778 the scarcity of certain commodities and the lack of vessels made it essential that boats be built for trade with for- eign countries. That they were built is indicated by a number of advertisements appearing in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette. For example: “The subscriber has for sale at the town of Beaufort, Carteret county, a new vessels on the stocsts [stocks], well calculated for a fast sailer, and will be completely finished the 15th of May next. Her dimensions are 55 feet keel strait rabbet, 11 feet rake forward, 18 and a half feet beak, and 7 feet and a half hold.’’%° After 1783 shipbuilding seems to have continued to be profitable, since such advertisements as the fol- lowing show that a number of new vessels were constructed : “For sale and now ready to be launched, at Bogue, a New Vessel, built of live oak, and cedar, of the following dimensions 48 or 49 feet keel, 19 ditto beam, 7, 10 inch. or 8 feet hold,— with double bends. She will be sold cheap, for Cash, or part cash and the remainder in goods.’’31 4. Labor The advertisements tell a great deal about labor conditions in North Carolina. The oldest copy of a newspaper which has 28 Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786, The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 2 July, 1789. 22 Ships were built, although the newspapers do not show that this was the case. 3015 May, 1778. 81 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. Nortu CaroLtinA Newspapers BEForeE 1790 49 been preserved, James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette for 15 November, 1751, carries an advertisement that a reward will be paid for the return of a runaway slave, and such notices con- tinue to appear in large numbers all during the period studied. One illustration will suffice: “Newbern, June 27, 1777. Run away from Green Spring, near Newbern, a Negro Fellow named Smart, very black, about 5 Feet 8 inches high, well made, and very likely, speaks broken English, but very artful and insinu- ating. He is supposed to be lurking about Slocomb’s Creek, with a Fellow belonging to Mr. Almond, and a Gang of Run- aways belonging to the late Mr. Clear’s Estate. Whoever brings the said Slave to Green Springs aforesaid, shall have Five Dollars Reward. James Davis.” Notices were printed that slaves were for sale or for hire: “To be sold for cash or on short credit with approved security, Two likely, healthy, sensible negro fellows, who have been ac- customed to plantation business, & are well acquainted with every branch of it.’”83 “To be hired out by the Year or Month, several house servants. . . .’84 Evidence that slaves were being imported from Africa and from the British West Indies is given by such notices as this: “Newbern, December 10, 1774. Just imported in the Schooner Hope, Thomas Foster, Master, from Africa, a Parcel of likely healthy Slaves, Consisting of Men, Women, and Children, which are to be sold for Cash, or Country Produce, by Edward Batchelor & Co. at their Store at Union Point.’’35 The advertisements show that there were Welsh, Irish, Scotch and English indented servants in North Carolina before 1775, and that these servants, not to be outdone by the negroes, frequently ran away. Such persons were “Mary Kelly, lately from Ireland, but says she has lived 14 years in London,”%¢ and “William Miller a Scotchman, a taylor by trade, about 5 32James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777. This advertisement continued to appear until May, 1778, the reward being raised to ten, and later to twenty, dollars. Apparently Smart was not recovered. 83 The Cape Fear Mercury, 29 December, 1773. %4 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 6 June, 1778. 35 Tbid., 24 February, 1775. 38 The Cape Fear Mercury, 22 September, 1773. 50 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES feet 1 inch high, wearing long black hair, darkish complexion, 24 years old, had on when he went away a brown coat, black sattin breeches.’’87 Of the indented servant class, the men were usually workers skilled at some trade, the women most fre- quently household servants. While there were a few of them in North Carolina, they were not nearly so numerous as the slaves. There were, besides these two groups, a few men who worked for wages. In the towns were journeymen printers, assistants to tailors or shoemakers, and clerks in stores; in the country districts were those who tended saw- or grist-mills, or who acted as overseers of plantations. Into the last class would fall the person who printed the following notice: “To the Landed Gentlemen. A Steady, sedate man, regularly bred to the farming Business, who understands the Management and Improvement of Farms, and every necessary Branch of Agri- culture, would be willing to serve any Gentleman in undertak- ing the Management of his Farm, or the Improvement of his Lands, Arable or Pasture; he is thoroughly versed in the Method of grazing, the Nature of rearing Cattle, and breaking young Horses to their proper paces fit for the Saddle, having had sufficient experience in England. . . . N.B. He can write a legible Hand, and knows the Method of Bookkeeping.”?° 5. Travel The advertisements throw light upon conditions of travel and communication by land as well as by water. They indicate that before the Revolution, as early at least as 1766, the post was being carried over certain roads of the colony at regular, although infrequent, intervals. “The Wilmington Express sets off Thursday Morning early; and will continue to set off every other Thursday, for Charlestown in South-Carolina. : Letters, Messages, &c. must be left at the Printing-office before 8 o’clock Wednesday Evening.’’%9 Eight years later the post was being carried between Wilmington and Cross Creek, al- 37 Tbid., 29 December, 1773. 38 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 24 February, 1775. 39 Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 26 February, 1766. NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFrore 1790 51 though only once in a fortnight.4° As to conditions during the Revolution, the advertisements tell nothing. But they do show that after 1783 the mail service was better than it had ever been before. By the Continental Post mail was being carried in 1788 between New Bern and Wilmington, twice a week from 1 May to 1 November, and three times a week from 1 November to 1 May. During the same year the post seems to have gone west from New Bern once every two weeks.#1 There were notices in regard to stage coaches—none before 1789, but a few in that year. The only stage route mentioned was that from Washington to Edenton and Suffolk. It will suffice to quote one of these notices: “This is to inform the public, that the Mail Stage will leave Captain Kocke’s tavern in Edenton for Suffolk, on Mondays and Thursdays, and will return on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Those gentlemen that please to favour this undertaking with their patronage, will apply to Capt. Kocke in Edenton, and Mr. John Rayborn in Suffolk, who will receive their freights, and baggage committed to their charge will be duly entered on the stage bill, and for- warded agreeable to directions; and as the stage sets out by four o’clock in the morning, it is hoped that Gentlemen will send their baggage and enter the evening before, which will greatly oblige the public’s most obedient humble servant, Rich- ard Townes.’’42 Along the roads and in various towns were inns at which the traveller might stop. “Robert Egan Informs his friends and the public in general, that he has removed from the house he lately occupied, to the noted tavern formerly kept by Captain Kock, where he proposes, as usual, to keep A House of Enter- tainment. . . . Horses and carriages to hire. . . . Eden- ton, December 20, 1748.”48 Although the advertisements men- tion such taverns as existing only in Fayetteville, New Bern and Edenton, they were kept in other towns and in the country districts. 40 The Cape Fear Mercury, 11 May, 1774. 41 Martin's North Carolina Gazette, 19 December, 1787. “The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 18 June, 1789. 43 Tbid., 25 December, 1788. 52 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES 6. Immigration and Emigration The advertisements give a few scattered, but very interest- ing, bits of information in regard to the movement of people into and out of North Carolina. That negro slaves were brought in from Africa and from the West Indies, and that indented ser- vants came from Great Britain, has already been indicated. There are also other notices about immigration: “Newbern, December 24 [1778]. Hamilton Ballantine late of the island of Jamaica, attorney at law, acquaints the public that he purposes to reside in this State. . . .’44 “Betty Trippe and Daughter, Just from Philadelphia, Beg leave to inform the gentlemen and ladies in Newbern, that they have just opened Shop in Front- street, near the Palace, at the house of William Tooley, where they carry on the business of Tayloresses, Mantuemaking and Millinery, and seemstry of every kind.”4> “John Frazel, Begs leave to inform the public that he has engaged with William Lowther, from London, Gunsmith and Locksmith, and proposes carrying on those businesses ; together with his own of A Black- smith.”46 These and similar notices tell a great deal about the type of people entering the state. Likewise something, although very little, is told about the great movement to the west and southwest which, beginning a few years before the Revolution, came by 1815 to be a great drain on the population of North Carolina and a serious obstacle to her economic development. In 1777 the state of Georgia advertised in James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette*" that, in order to encourage settlers to come in, she would give “Five hundred Acres of Land for every Head of a Family, and Fifty acres for every white Person belonging to the same, and also Fifty Acres for each Negro, not exceeding ten in Number.” A decade later, when a stream of emigrants was flowing steadily from North Carolina into Kentucky and Tennessee, a notice appeared in The State Gazette of North-Carolina*® that: “The 44 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 9 January, 1778. 4° The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 7 February, 1788. 48 Tbid., 2 July, 1789. - 4724 October. 4818 December, 1788. Nortu Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 53 public are informed, that the New Road from Campbell’s Sta- tion, at the lower end of Clinch Mountain, to Nashville, was opened on the 25th of September (as advertised) and the guard attended at that time to escort such persons as were there ready to proceed to Nashville: That about 60 families appeared and went on, among whom was the widow and family of the late Brigadier-General Davidson and Sumner. i 7. Towns Much information is given in regard to towns and town life. Of houses and lots for sale there are a number of notices, some of which give fairly comprehensive descriptions of the property to be disposed of: “Wilmington, January 15th, 1766. To Be Sold, or Let, The House and Lot now occupied by Robert Wales, a little below Mr. Purviance’s Tar-House: The House is new and well built, 36 Feet by 24, not quite finished in the inside, fronting Front street, running down to the Water, where may be built a very commodious Wharf, with a very small Expence; the Lot is 66 Feet front. . . .”49 “On Wednes- day the 3d of January will be sold at public vendue, at the dwelling-house of the deceased Mr. Timothy Clear, in New- bern, The Household Furniture belonging to said estate, con- sisting of mohogony chairs, tables, and bedsteads, &c. &c. fifteen hogsheads of West India and New England Rum, a quantity of Indigo, Molasses, loaf and brown Sugar, cotton and wool Cards.”’5° Notices of the kind were printed from Wilmington, New Bern, Edenton, Murfreesborough and Windsor. Most of the towns were growing rapidly and offered a chance for profits from the sale of real estate. Lots were offered for sale in towns which were already established; and one man, James Campbell, was so impressed with the possibili- ties that he attempted to build up an entirely new community : “Notice. The Subscriber proposes to form a New Town, by the Name of Campbellsburgh; situate on the West side of Chowan River, between Thomas Cochran’s and said Campbell’s 49 Andrew Steuart’s North Carolina Gazette, 12 February, 1766. - % James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 22 December, 1775. & 54 James Sprunt HistortcaL STupDIES on the place formerly called the Old Tar Landing, in Bertie County, North-Carolina. . . . There will be immediately laid off One Hundred Lots of Half-Acres each joining the River and continuing outwards from the River, with the Streets run- ning North and South, East and West in Squares; the Price will be Five Pounds Paper Currency per Lot; there will be Fifty Acres laid off for a Common for said Town. . . .751 Notices printed in the newspapers indicate that Edenton in 1789 possessed a government which was active in trying to better living conditions. In order to lessen the danger from fire, it was ordered that all chimneys which had been improperly built be altered.52 Measures were taken to restrict trading by negroes: “Public Notice. The inhabitants of the town of Eden- ton being determined, after the 5th of August next, to take up all negroes bringing or exposing anything for sale, or purchas- ing any kind of goods, or trafficking in any manner whatever, without a permission in writing (expressing the articles exposed for sale, and those wanted to purchase) from their master or mistress—hereby give notice that all those who transgress may depend on being prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the law.”5* Complaints were made that the streets were crowded with negroes on Sunday afternoon; to which one of the commis- sioners replied that it was the duty of the magistrates rather than of the commissioners to attend to the matter.54 No theatrical performance is referred to in the newspapers before 1788. About that time, however, groups of players began to visit the towns of the state. Wilmington and New Bern possessed theatres, while Edenton saw plays in her court- house.5> Examples of advertisements of the theatre are these: “Newbern, March 27, [1788]. This evening will be presented at the theatre in this town, Dr. Young’s celebrated Trajedy called the Revenge. To which will be added a comic opera, 5\ The Edenton Intelligencer, 9 April 1788. @ The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 5 February, 1789. 58 Tbid., 30' July, 1789. 54 Tbid., 13 August, 1789. 58 Tbid., 3 November, 1788. Norte CaroLtina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 55 called the Poor Soldier.”5* “On Monday evening, the 13th inst. [June, 1788] the Theatre in Newbern was opened by Mr. Kenna’s company of Comedians, with the trajedy of Isabella, _ - or the Fatal M. arriage. Mrs. Kenna, in the character of Isabella, gave the most universal satisfaction to a polite and genteel audience, many of whom in pearly drops testified that their hearts were sensibly touched with those tender feelings which her inimitable powers always must inspire. . . . The lov- ers of the Drama are informed, that it is expected Mr. Kenna’s company of comedians will, in the course of a few days, open the Theatre in this town.’”®7 8. Education A few of the schools which existed in North Carolina before 1790 are mentioned in the advertisements. In education New Bern seems to have been the leading town. It possessed a public schoolhouse which was rented out to persons de- siring to teach; and between 1774 and 1788 no less than eight different men gave notice that they intended to give, or were actually giving, instruction.’ For example: “Newbern, Au- gust 4, 1774. The Subscriber takes this Method to inform the Public, that he has just opened School in the public School- House of this Town, where he proposes to teach, at Sixteen Shillings per Quarter, Reading, Writing, Cyphering, Naviga- tion, and Surveying; . . . and Algebra, Euclid’s Elements, Latin and Greek, at Eighteen Shillings. . . .”59 In 1778, because of the fact that France was aiding the colonies in their struggle against Great Britain, there was great interest in all things French. In New Bern at least two men gave instruction in the French language. One of these was “Gasper Beaufort, from Philadelphia,’ who advertised “that on Monday next he proposes opening a school in this town, at the house of Widow . . . [?] to teach the French tongue ; to read, right [sic], and speak it grammatically. Gen- 56 Tbid., 27 March, 1788. 31 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. 58 Not all of them taught in the public schoolhouse. 59 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 2 September, 1774. ° 56 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES tlemen and ladies that please to favour this undertaking may depend on his greatest care and assiduity. His price will be thirty shillings per month. He also proposes to attend any gentlemen or ladies at their own houses in the evening for the above purpose.’’®° The project did not turn out as well as had been expected. The next week the would-be-teacher, whose feelings seem to have been hurt, gave notice that: “As Mr. Beaufort has attended at the house mentioned in his former advertisement, and has not met with such encouragement as he deserves, in teaching the French [sic], he intends to continue but one month if no better encouragement; he hopes such gen- tiemen and ladies that intend to be taught that useful and genteel language, will not neglect this opportunity, as he is wanted where he may have encouragement suitable to his merit.”®! Beaufort probably did not meet with “encourage- ment suitable to his merit,” for three months later another per- son, George Harrison, was advertising for pupils to be instructed in French. There were notices*? of academies in Perquimans County, in Granville County, at Warrenton, and at the house of Rev. James MacDougal, “17 miles above the town of Halifax.”6 The advertisement of Warrenton Academy, appearing in the fall of 1788, is worth quoting: “The Trustees give notice, that on the lst Monday of October next, the academy will be opened under the direction of a gentleman. . . . The price of tui- tion will be five pounds Virginia money, and of boarding and washing in genteel private houses, twenty-five pounds; or by gentlemen keeping public houses eighteen pounds, like money the students to live in houses detached from the public houses, and in both cases to find their own lodging. The cur- rency of the state will be taken at its real value. One half of the board and tuition must be advanced half yearly.” © Ibid., 6 March, 1778. “1 Tbid., 13 March, 1778. 2 Aone of these notices was printed before 1788. 63 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 22 January, 1789; 24 December, 1789; 8 September, 1788; 1 October, 1789. Nortu Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 57 9. Publication and Sale of Books Some of the newspaper publishers attempted to add to their incomes by the printing of books. Before 1783, although Andrew Steuart seems to have published a book or two, nearly all the printed works came from the press of James Davis. The first which he turned out, and the first to make its appear- ance in North Carolina, was “A Collection of All the Public Acts of Assembly of the Province of North Carolina,” pub- lished at New Bern in 175185, From that year until 1775, with one exception, no book from Davis’s press was advertised in his paper.®6 When the Revolution began there was a larger demand for reading matter. During the year 1775 alone Davis published O) and advertised for sale no less than seven books and pamphlets. There was: “price eight coppers. . . . The first Book of the American Chronicle of the Times. . . . Specimen of the Work. Chap. I. 1. And behold! when the Tidings came to the great City that is afar off, the City that is in the Land of Britain, how the Men of Boston, even the Bostonites, had arose, a great Multitude, and destroyed the Tea, the abominable Merchandize of the East, and cast it into the Midst of the Sea. . . .7’6% Besides this Davis printed: “Extracts from the Votes and Proceedings of the American Continental Con- gress, held at Philadelphia, on the Fifth Day of September, 1774. . . ,” the price of which was two shillings ;68 “The Office “and Authority of ‘a Justice, of Peace. . . 73 “Dhe speech of the Right Honourable Earl of Chatham, in the House eilards, on January 20) 0775.) \..:.). 2389 “They Crists A Periodical Paper lately published in London, in 8 numbers” ;7° After the Revolution works of a more varied nature than ever before were published in the state and advertised for sale. Some of these were: “the Independent Citizen, or the Majesty of the People,” a pamphlet which attacked the powers of the general assembly and which had been reprinted from Martin’s North Carolina Gazette ;"° Iredell’s Revisal ;77 a History of the American Revolution, by David Ramsay ;78 a History of the Rise, Progress and Establishment of the Independence of the United States of America, by William Gordon, D.D.;*9 Human Nature in Its Fourfold State, by Thomas Boston.®° Besides the books which were published in the state after 1783, a number were imported and advertised for sale. “Lord Lyttleton’s history of Henry IId, 4 vols.”; “Gordon’s Gram- mar”; “Newton on the Prophets”; “Laws of the Admiralty, 2 vols.”; “Blackstone’s Law Tracts, 2 vols.” ;81 “Almanacks” ;82 “Observations on the new constitution. . . , by a Colum- bian patriot’ ;88 “Hutching’s map of the interior parts of the United States’ ;84 ‘“Ashe’s Commercial Institutes”; “Clarke’s 71 [bid., 6 October, 1775. 72 Ibid., 2 January, 1778. 3 Ihid., 29 May, 1778. ™ Tbid., 28 August, 1778. ™ Toid., 7 November, 1778. 76 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 15 August, 1787. 17 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 8 September, 1788. 78 Tbid., 9 January, 1789. ™ [bid., 2 April, 1789. 80 Tbid., 16 April, 1789. 81 Thomas Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 16 February, 1786. 82 Martin’s North Carolina Gazette, 11 July, 1787. 33 The Wilmington Centinel and General Advertiser, 18 June, 1788. 84 The State Gazette of North-Carolina, 7 February, 1788. NortH CAroLinA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 59 Introduction to the making of Latin”; “The New-England Primer improved” ;85—these were a few of the volumes advertised.8® The existence of a few private libraries is indicated by the advertisements. Martin Howard, before leaving the state in the summer of 1777, offered for sale “a Variety of Books in Law, History, &c.” ;87 and there were several other notices of “a small library of books,”88 or of “some books of law and divinity.”8® But, although a number of collections of books did exist in North Carolina, they were not frequently men- tioned in the newspapers.®° In many other ways the advertisements prove themselves a most valuable source of information. They include notices that articles have been lost or found or stolen, that horses have strayed from their owners, that men will not pay debts created by their wives who have “eloped from their bed and board,” that letters are unclaimed in the postoffices, that claims against estates must be filed—notices in regard to the most varied phases of the intimate life of the people of North Carolina. Very few indeed are the aspects of this life which are not touched upon in one phase or another. 85 Tbid., 8 September, 1788. 86 Tt is possible, although the advertisements do not show that this was the case, that some of these books were printed in the state. 81 James Davis’s North Carolina Gazette, 4 July, 1777. 88 [bid., 12 September, 1777. 89 Tbid., 12 December, 1777. * For further information on the subject of libraries and the publication and sale of books, see Weeks, S. B., Libraries and Literature in North Carolina in the Eighteenth Century. APPENDIX A A List or NortH Carotina Newspapers PuBLisHED BEFore 1790 WuicH ARE PRESERVED’ IN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY or NorTH CAROLINA OR IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE NortH CARO- LINA HistToricAL CoMMISSION a. Original in U. N. C. Library. b. Original in Historical Commission. x. Photostat copy in U. N. C. Library. y. Photostat copy in Historical Commission. THE NORTH CAROLINA GAZETTE (NEW BERN) Day and Year month Number Remarks 1751S. Noss. Guan i oe a bxy. Mutilated. GiZ522)E(Mara6ir)) oe (31 ?).bxy. Mutilated. NA SZ ee. Mar gaa. pay Ae bxy. VAS Bien Chatly dit) ae: (?)e2.. bey, Pp. 1 & 2 missing. IV Gy AEs Avprililiss somes LOS a xy 57 Sho) ait Oct Sw oeee 200........xy (Cio) ee, EY el aE Gp yeah Pp. 3 & 4 missing. Mutilated. V4 ofs\pe aan (Gr) ea @ Nee ee (Gis) eee ops 68 James SprunT Historicat STUDIES country. Let us examine her wounds; and let us then see, if there is no balm in Gilead, if there is no healthful restorative to revive her decayed vigour. While with the love of a brother I expect you will pardon my rash- ness, in attempting a subject of such momentous consequence, allow me to call upon you all to offer your mite, in the same blunt manner with myself. Let us communicate freely our sentiments to the world and to one another. The indignant feelings of a mind unacquainted with reproach hath roused me to address you.u—Will you permit a soldier who hath served you, who bleeds with the wounds of his country, in the hour of danger to come forward? Will you permit an humble citizen? and who in each respect, in the hour of peace or war, will not be daunted by the arm of power; who is feelingly alive to the distresses of his parent; who will ever be bold to brand the villainy of men in office; and who as long as he hath a hand to act, a tongue to speak, or a heart to flutter, shall be ready to serve you as A CITIZEN and SOLDIER. August 20, 1788. From Willie Jones’ . Mess. Hodge & Wills, A SMALL pamphlet, signed, “A CITIZEN and SOLDIER,” ad- dressed to the inhabitants of the Edenton district, lately fell into my hands. I do not know who wrote it, nor where it was printed, but it was brought from Edenton to Halifax.—the writer asserts, that I called the Members of the Grand Convention, generally, and General Wash- ington and Col. Davie, in particular, scoundrels——To this I answer that I never said so of the whole, or any one of these gentlemen. I know as little of many of the Members of that Convention, as this angry soldier (who perhaps never drew a sword in the service of his country) knows of me; therefore it would have been wrong for me to call them scoundrels.— As to General Washington, I have long thought and still think him the first and best character in the world. As to Col. Davie, I have a per- sonal regard for him; I think him an honest man and a valuable member of the community, and I know him to be a man of genius, and knowl- edge in his profession. To make short of the matter, I swear that noth- ing can exceed the respect I bear for these two gentlemen, unless it be my scorn and contempt for the “CITIZEN and SOLDIER.” Be pleased to publish this in your paper, and you will oblige, gentle- men, your most obedient servant, WILLIE JONES. Halifax, October, 1788. 1Tbid., 20 October, 1788. 2 The pamphlet referred to obviously does not include the same material as does the letter by ‘‘A Citizen and Soldier’? which is printed above. In the latter article the writer makes no statement such as that which Jones mentions. NortH CAROLINA NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 . 69 From An Honest Man} To Willie Jones, Esquire. A PUTANIST in oaths has as little credit given to his off-hand swearing, as a common prostitute, when she bridles up, acts the prude and lectures on chastity. Your seeming scorn and spurn at the Soldier and Citizen, is but a poor evasion. It is true it is a clumsy performance; it charges heavily; stand forward, answer it, give reputation to your 182 who negatived the learned labour of the choicest worthies of our Empire.—Produce to public view your thoughts, your wisdom, your objections to the code handed us from the Federal Convention; or like the grave digger in Hamlet, confess your self: Or in a manly, honest manner, make the best apology in your power. You are a member of the General Assembly, have unburthened your- self of the burthen of being a Councillor of the state; call together, embattle your myrmidons, head and command them, redress, if possible, your errors, bring forward a new and second Convention, and with a clean mouth and sweet blood, assist and support the country you have injured, to peace, happiness and honour; to a stand and rank amongst the civilized trading nations of the earth: Then you may once more be seated in the breast of An HONEST MAN. October 23, 1788. From a Member? Mess. HODGE and WILLS. In Mr. Murphy’s paper of Wednesday, the 9th of April, a person under the signature of “A Juryman” invokes the attention of the public on the proceedings of the General Assembly respecting Thomas Vail; he begins with marvels, and if I may be at liberty to express my senti- ments on them, must conclude as the great poet, with some little vari- ation, that they have brought forth mice. Was there a cause for wonder that the General Assembly should have entered on the journals the grounds of their proceedings, that it might redound to the satisfaction of any person who was inquisitive enough to read them?—As to a memorial that had nearly brought on an impeachment, it is equally false with his wonders; nor do I recollect a single recital in it that was not supported by undoubted proof, nor a single allusion that reflected the least discredit to his Honour Judge Spencer; a mistake as to entering the verdict and against the intention of the jury cannot be denied. And can it be possible that any man, who entertains a moral or political sentiment, who is not deluded by passion, prejudice or ignorance, will undertake to alledge that an entry in any proceedings should be regarded, though it be positively false and contrary to the intention and express declaration of those whom they alledge gave a sanction for it? A belief of this kind must at once suppose that the stroke of a pen or mistake 1Ibid., 27 October, 1788. 2 Loc. cit. 70 James Sprunt Historicat STuDIES of a Clerk, should be validated in preference to the positive oaths of the jury. A person possessed with an opinion of this last, I hope will embrace some mode of convincing the world that their proceedings are infallible, which will be an illumination that they are at present at a loss for. He says that the interference of the legislature was illegal and unconstitutional. It cannot be supposed that there was any member of the legislature who would not promote the interest of his country, per- haps sooner than Mr. Juryman. What an accumulated stock of impu- dence must such an incendiary have?—How ought such a prophetic and omnipotent being’s absence be regretted in all matters of doubt and difficulty—one whole knowledge and genius is sufficient to preponderate a nation. But alas, the fault perhaps is on the side of Providence; though it is possible the mistake with more propriety may be charged on his fellow citizens, who have not penetration enough to consider him competent to the discharge of the public trust, otherwise they could not have deprived themselves of such a dictator—To convince the public that what he has urged is false, and designed only as an imposition, I will refer them to the XIXth section in the constitution and XIIth in the bill of rights, and then they will find that the General Assembly have done no thing but what they had an absolute right to do by the standard of our liberties—the constitution. As to impeaching in an improper forum (as he calls it) the records of a court of justice, he certainly at the time of this expression could not have possessed his intellectual faculties, for the court themselves set aside such entry from a full conviction that it was wrong, and not having it in their power fifteen hours after the jury were discharged to reverse it; during which space they had been subject to the embraces of many disingenuous and base minds, in order to dis- suade them from dissenting to an entry which they had done at the bar, before pen was put to paper, which they have deposed; and this fact is also corroborated by the Sheriff, who counted them after retiring. After these sacred truths, which many are acquainted with beside those who have deposed, I would ask if ten thousand men were to swear that they did not hear them, if it would or ought to make any difference as to the fact: If it was true then, it must be true now, and will ever remain so. There is an idea on this point that evidently appears to those of the smallest capacity, that his Honour Judge Spencer was not to blame for a thing he did not hear, and consequently the defendant not bound by the laws of the land for a transaction that was at least grounded on a mistake, or accident, perhaps at that time invisible. As to the depo- sitions being taken ex parte, or in a corner, it is a most eggredious false- hood; they were taken in open court the same term of the trial, copies of which, with all the records relative thereto, were transmitted to the General Assembly, and there acknowledged by the Clerk to be true; there were some taken out of court that related to the trial, it being impossible to have them all taken in court by reason of its being the last moment of the court, and there was not time. As to the gentlemen who con- ducted the business being in a hurry, it is as true as the other allegations of Mr. Juryman. Its origin before its determination was nine days, and then there was but one dissenting voice in the whole House of Commons, NortTH CAROLINA NEwspaPers Berore 1790 fA and that was by the mellifluous —————; it was then transmitted to the Senate, and the next day was concurred with by nearly the whole house. As to the improprieties in the resolution, I must confess the most superficial scholar would have discerned it, without the assistance of an Argus-ey’d Juryman; nor was that published a true copy of the original without the additional dress of the —————, who I suppose put it into the hands of the Printer—Permit me, therefore, Mess. Printers, with as little intrusion on your paper as possible, to give as compendious a narration, and that as strictly consistent with truth, as can be done. The defendant, in November 1786, was indicted in one bill which contained two charges, that of forging, and publishing knowing it to be forged; on this issue the whole subject depended. The day after the bill of indictment was found, the defendant being as I suppose distressed at the thoughts of having any charge of the kind, immediately came to trial without having a single witness, but rested his defence totally on the testimony that might be given in behalf of the state; the jury after the usual proceedings came to the bar and were counted by the Sheriff, and asked by the Clerk for their verdict; to which they answered by their foreman, that the defendant was not guilty of the forgery, but was guilty of publishing; these were the express words, the jury meaning as they have deposed, that the defendant had passed it to another person as it had passed thro’ several hands before the defendant had passed it, and not considering that the word guilt implied a crime. The Judge by hearing the word guilt mentioned, dictated to the Clerk to enter the verdict as guilty of publishing the bill or note knowing it to be forged— the jury hearing how the Judge dictated to the Clerk to enter the verdict, at this moment answered by their foreman that it was not their verdict or meaning. They not receiving any answer from the Judge (he not hearing them) but being somewhat confused, and thinking that it was entering as they intended it, and perhaps not understanding the technical words of it, the defendant was required to give bail, which instantly dis- closed to the jury how the verdict was entered. They then proclaimed it to Mr. Iredell, who with great emotion and his usual delicacy, earn- estly insisted that the Judge answered in these positive words, that he was alone on the bench, and would not wish to have any thing done that night. And I firmly believe that he was not at this moment apprised of the inextricable difficulties which that moment’s neglect would draw on; for it was impossible with any degree of propriety to rescind that entry the next day by the same jury. A practice of this cast would totally viciate the solemnity of a trial by jury, which is the only colour of liberty that we now possess.—lIt is notorious that his Honour Judge Ashe delivered his opinion from the bench in November term, 1787, that from the face of the whole proceedings the jury intended to acquit the defend- ant; but the court could not at that time go into an explanation. The General Assembly without doubt were convinced that the prose- cution was conducted with a spirit of malignity very foreign to the pur- pose of doing public justice, and could not deny pronouncing the defend- ant acquitted, and adopting such constitutional steps to their officers as they thought most eligible. A trial did take place which no man will 72 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES deny, and it could not have been a nullity which the Judges themselves invalidated the same term. A new trial after an acquittance is unknown in a criminal case by the laws of the land—the indispensible rights of a jury, the duty of a Judge as limited by law, and the powers of a Parlia- ment of Assembly, are called forth on this subject as the first instance since the late revolution, which truly deserves the observation of the community. The history of each is extensive, and I hope that I shall hereafter be permitted to offer a few observations on the animadversions of Mr. Juryman, which I mean to do not without producing my authori- ties, that the world may be capable of forming a precise opinion, without calling to my aid either falsehoods of impositions, which are truly as unbecoming as they are unnecessary; and it is to be lamented that Mr. Juryman is not properly known, that the public might be able to stamp some credit or discredit as to his real importance, and not to skulk appar- ently under the ground of a Judge or other person, and offer his senti- ments coloured with blackness, instead of mentioning his authorities which might command more repute and attention; and not because he had perhaps been treated with deserved disrespect, set up his comments in opposition to the conduct of a country, which if it had treated him with as little charity as he had bestowed gratitude, he must long before this have submitted to the dire resort of perpetually soliciting a susten- ance from that very source, which he now has arrogance enough to attempt to reprobate. A MEMBER. Letters from Aratus! To the PRINTERS. No. I. Camden, April 20, 1789. HAVING some time ago perused the letters of a Juryman upon the constitutional powers of the legislative, executive and judicial departments of our government, we conceive his ideas to be apt, and that his cursory observations might be extended to advantage, when stript of their tech- nical dress. We shall therefore endeavour to enquire more minutely into the democratic powers of each of these three branches of our republican system, keeping in our view the tract of the letters above mentioned. At a general convention of the people, by their delegates, held at Halifax, in 1776, it was laid down as an express position or axiom, that the sovereignty of all governments existed in the people only. Tired out and oppressed by a distant monarch, they disentangled themselves from his power, and on this principle established the form of government we now enjoy. The territory being too extensive for the action of a simple- unmixt democracy, it was deemed necessary, that the people should be convened by their delegates in Gen. Assembly. A constitution being then instituted, consisting of a legislative, execu- 1These five letters appear serially in the issues of The State Gazette of North- Carolina for 7 and 14 May, 4 June, 2 and 23 July, 1789. Nortu Carotina NEWSPAPERS BEFORE 1790 73 tive and judicial, co evil [co-eval], co-existent, separate and independent, each to act in its own proper sphere and province, for the general welfare of the community; the convention rightly judging, that to place the power of government in one man, or body of men, or even in a General Assembly without controul, would not only be impolitic and dangerous, but contrary to every maxim of government laid down by political writers. To investigate our present mixt form of government, would be too extensive for this pa-paper [sic]|—it would be an interesting and a fine speculation—but as we intend to keep within narrow limits, suffer at this instant the executive and judicial to rest, that we may succinctly speak of the legislative; and here no great abilities or genius are necessary, as the business is simple, natural, limited and confined within written boundaries. In the monarchy of Great Britain, the prerogatives of the Prince, and the rights of the people, form an extensive subject for the learned, in precedent, usurpation or right; this with Britons is a mighty subject, yet to them too fine, subtle and dangerous to admit of a full investigation. In the establishment of our government, the forming worthies, breathing the sentiments, and being bred and educated under the laws of Great Britain, retained them in full view, in no manner yielding up their lineage, ancestry or laws. They proceeded to form a constitution: The business was already formed. How to get rid of the lumberment of government, a King, and at the same time to establish a permanent prerogative, was an arduous and mighty labour. Here we may, without the assumption of deep learning, or the taxation of pedantry, distinguish or difference the governments, monarchy and democracy, from each other, most essentially, in the case of prerogative. In a monarchy the Prince is supported by a strong hereditary nobility; a full and ample investigation of the prerogative might endanger the rights of the people. Jn a democracy, a material, political and essential personage is erected, and fully written and enrolled amongst the archives of the state, for the good, the order and pre- servation of the whole, in which is vested the sovereignty of the state, supported by those democratic prerogatives, commonly called (much venerated until lately) the declaration of rights and the constitution. Having thus in a simple manner paved our way, we will attempt to define and declare the order and business of the General Assembly. War, peace, religion, taxation, revenues, &c. &c. being not in our view, are intentionally omitted. The great extent of the state, as before set out, demanded, that the people should be represented by their delegates, who when elected, con- vened and qualified, form an essential order, the General Assembly, whose business it is to make rules, ordinances and regulations called acts of Assembly, just equal and impartial, for the safety, decency, order and general good of the whole people, and the honour and dignity of the state, perfectly consonant to the constitution, girt around and supported by the declaration of rights, without presuming at amplification, restric- tion, construction, or as the lawyers say, the equity, the spirit, but fixed 74 JAMES SpruntT Historicat STUDIES and bound down by the plain grammatical expression of the words thereof. A deviation from this plain constitutional definition, an over- leaping the powers delegated, is tyranny. A deviation would be an assumption of power which would swallow up the democratic pre- rogatives before mentioned, which are beings in the people they cannot delegate, without a total abolition of the present form of government. We beg leave to observe, the sovereignty, even after delegation, and at all times is fixed and immovable in the people, and never is, and in no manner can be, in the Assembly or delegated. This definition naturally introduces into action the executive and judicial, and will manifest their independent, separate and controuling powers of efficiency and utility in the pure and regular government of the state; and at the same time may with propriety introduce a group of suppositions that will probably never exist; yet as they may in the rage and riot of power, the extension of the prospect will the better exemplify our observations in manifesting the controuling importance, use and powers of the executive and judicial. From scripture, without a taxation of impiety, we may be admitted to draw a precedent, which at this day of enlightened philosophy would make virtue stand astonished, and humanity revolt: I Saumel xv. 1. “Samuel said unto Saul,” verse 3, “Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass.” And in the holy bible Solomon says, “There is nothing new under the sun.” This if granted—let us suppose that the Assembly in the wild riot of power should enact, and thereby enjoin and command the execu- tive to draw together a strong body of men, and appoint them with all the habilments of war, embattle and march them into any county of the state, and command the Governor to smite all the inhabitants, and utterly destroy all they have, and spare them not; but slay both men and women, infant and suckling! Must this horrid law be complied with? Had the executive no negative, no power of action? This would rouse the chief magistrate to enquire and search into his dignity, power and authority. ARATUS. To the PRINTERS. No. II. Camden, April 20, 1789. It is too generally thought, that the Executive is a simple machine, appointed for the purpose of signing and sealing commissions, receiving public dispatches, to hand them to the Assembly, to act in non-essentials, to receive a small salary, to be called Governor or Excellency, to take the wall of all other citizens, and the head of table at feasts, or the lead on public cavalcades and processions, and on all days of ceremony and ostentation to be the chief figure in the group. A petty man this indeed! The state of this officer has always appeared to us in a more exalted light; to exemplify this character, let it be supposed that a body of the Lords and Commons of the Parliament of Great-Britain should bring in NortH CaroLtina NewsparPers BeEroreE 1790 7) a bill to repeal magna charta, the bill of rights, and totally abolish the habeas corpus act. Would not the bringing in of this bill be judged treason in the agents? Would it not be deemed a complotting and con- spiring the death of the King? We think we see the traitors condemned and dragged to condign punishment. Suppose the monarch deeply engaged in the plot, must and ought the people to be passive? The wise and patriotic would advert to first principles, and as in the time of Charles the first, declare the sovereignty of the empire to be constitutionally vested in the people, and perhaps for the common good, revive and act the old trajedy of regisissiation over again. We may not bring his Excellency on the political governmental stage, to act in stile with more and proper dignity. The law is passed! The county, the people and every living creature therein devoted! The Assembly adjourned, the traitors quietly seated in their habitations ! The Governor steps forward—a man, bold, wise, just, of an ancient generous lineage, learned in the laws of his country and the rights of man, a patriot, and one perhaps who ably aided in the formation of the constitution and the declaration of rights. The horrid bill is delivered, with the impious mandate of the Assem- bly! It is natural to enquire, how he would deport himself on the occa- sion. Would not the vain and idle character of pomp and pageantry be lost? Would he not clothe himself with all the powers and authority of the constitutional confidence and trust reposed in him? Would he not become active, essentially and efficiently the Chief Magistrate of the state? If wise, just, bold, as above related, we conceive he would retire to his closet, and prostrate himself before the God of governments— would call to his aid the wise men and elders, but more especially the judicial, the Judges of the land, who are bound by the same sacred oaths to preserve the constitution inviolate. Here is an ample field—we leave our countrymen room for genius and expatiation—to go further may be too adventurous and bold, travelling in an unexplored country, treading on mystic ground. We will terminate this head and venture a dogma. That the executive, with the advice of his Council of the State, has an indubitable right, and that it is his duty in the recess of the General Assembly, as often as the legislature shall enact laws in violation of the constitution and the powers delegated by the sovereignty of the people, either by proclamation to impede the injurious attack, or to convene a general convention of the state, that they may have an instant oppor- tunity to advert to first principles, ere the disease becomes so morbid, as to demand an amputation. ARATUS. No. III. HAVING proceeded thus far, we shall attempt an investigation of the third order of government; an order of the greatest consequences to the rights and liberties of the citizen—we mean the Judicial. An order often spoken of, but little understood. 76 James Sprunt Historica, Stupies We wish at the formation of the constitution, its influence and pow- ers had been fully explained, delineated and investigated by the forming worthies. This prudential foresight might have preserved the reputation, honour and credit of the state. At least this prudence would have given our laws the appearance of honesty and common sense. Unhappily for our country, they were young in government—un- fledged politicians. Dependent on Great-Britain, our Assemblies before that period had little to do with politics or government, except now and then a dispute with a petty despot; of course their knowledge therein was limited and confused. It is certain they had nothing in view, but how to repel the powers of the Rex Basilicus of Great-Britain. This on a view of the business must manifestly appear to the judicious at first sight; and, if they had acted without the aid of the Bill of Rights and the Habeas Corpus act, the whole would have been (from intention or knowledge) a dead letter. They intended well—they were full of that spirit of liberty and virtue, which enlivens and gives action and energy to the patriot character: They deserve and truly merit our praise: They were patriots but not legislators: No trait of that kind of knowledge appearing in their composition. In the formation of all governments, power ought to be divided amongst many—there should be ponderating powers, and a power to preponderate. This is an essential policy, as well in all mundane as coelestial divisions of power. If we look at the constitution of North- Carolina, all power and authority, at first sight, seems vested in the General Assembly. But it is our business to develope that ill-founded opinion, by unraveling the subject in such a manner, that an error taken up in haste may as hastily be done away. In speaking of the Legislature, we took into our consideration mon- archy, and used analogy and comparison. The Judicial of our democracy runs an equal pace with a monarchical judiciary, but steps forward to an almost undetermined distance—not only acting in all law occurrences, determining meum & tuum, adjusting all difference in law and equity as the monarchical judiciary; but from the nature of our government, as may be easily deduced from the constitution itself, pro salutate reipub- licae, it advances higher, and becomes the equilibrium or pendulum thereof. We are well aware this doctrine will sound ruffly in the ears of many of our demagogues of power, who have been subverting the constitution, and unhinging the first principles of the common law, mounting on stilts Justices of the Peace, as well within court as without. And at the same time degrading and humiliating the learned and wise Judges of the superior courts of law and equity, the only bulwark the faithful lieges have to depend on against lawless power and usurpation. But as in this case we aim at explication, we shall cautiously shun declamation. ARATUS. North Carotina Newspapers Berore 1790 Fa. NUMBER IV. THE Judicial of our state is what we shall attempt to explain, not simply, but to draw a full, perfect, and essential character, manifesting not only its civil but political agency. In this attempt we have viewed our subject in several lights, hoping by some fortunate stroke to have brought it to a just conclusion. We have wandered through a great extent of business, too comprehensive for the limits of this paper. We will confine ourselves within narrower bounds; presuming with propriety and system, and with the aid of the sages of the law, to analize the character, office, duty, and origin of a Judge of this state. This enquiry will, of consequence, bring into sight the Justices of the Peace; the wise, unconfined, and unlimited Judges of all matters of law, abstruse and arduous of determination, in the County Courts of Pleas and Quarter Sessions; presenting in comparison a gloomy contrast, expressive of the ill-fated condition of the jurisprudence of our country: To this dis- section we will adduce an auxiliary question or two, which, we conceive, without the drapery of a comment, will warrant what we above set down as a dictum, “that the Judicial, pro salute reipublica, becomes the equilib- rium and pendulum of our government.” My Lord Coke, in his proem to his 4 Repts. says, a Judge should be as God himself just. In the kingdom of England the Judges are always appointed from the learned sergeants of the law, reverend for their authority, learning, experience, wisdom and probity, deeply read in the ancient and modern laws and customs of mankind; and now by the judicious and wise laws of that country, placed above the licentiousness of power, and nobly appointed; by means whereof they may act without terror, in despight of public danger or private malice. Having taken a step to our parent country, from whence we drew all our sources of knowledge, wisdom, and government, borrowing from no servile land, we will present our countrymen with the 13th section of our constitution, which says, “That a General Assembly shall by joint ballot of both Houses, appoint Judges of the Supreme Courts of Law, who shall be commissioned by the Governor, and hold their offices dur- ing their good behaviour.” And the 23d section, “That the Governor and other officers offending against the state, by violating any part of the constitution, maladministration, or corruption, may be prosecuted on the presentment or impeachment of the General Assembly.” Having drawn the character of the Judges at Westminster, and shewn the origin and creation of the Judges of this state, it may be necessary to observe, that there is no order of men from whence they are to be chosen, nor quality or quantity of abilities designated. In authority, learning, ex- perience, wisdom, probity, and fortitude, they stand in equality. Here we may, without the fervor of a poet’s fancy, imagine we see them hand in hand, peripatetic, under some shady grove, sagely conversing on provi- dence, the wise order of nature, and the extensive business of law and government; presenting, in prospect, a more interesting portraiture than the sublime Shaftsbury ever drew. It is appointed by law, that the Judges ere they enter on their office 78 James SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES and duty, take two holy sacraments—an oath of fidelity to the state, and a comprehensive oath of duty: And that the weight of these oaths and holy sacraments, may be fully understood by our countrymen, it will be necessary and of great improvement to enquire into and point out what constitutes the laws of the land: —And here, without a pause, a doubt, or a moment’s contemplation, we answer, that Magna Charta, the many statutes so often adjudged and so interwoven with the common law, that their originals scarcely ever come in view, and which to interfere with, would produce most dangerous effects—the constitution and bills of rights entered into, ordained and constituted by the majesty and superb monarchy of the people in Congress assembled, at Halifax, on the glori- ous and important 18th day of December, 1776, are the supreme laws of the land, and constitute the palladium of our civil and political rights and liberties, irrevocable and unalterable. And we humbly think those rules and ordinances commonly called acts of Assembly, arising from circum- stances, incidents of time and necessity, may with propriety be denomi- nated bye or secondary laws; inferior, and to be abridged and enlarged, altered or abrogated as time, cause, the rural, commercial, or civil policy of the state may demand. And over these secondary laws, the Judges of the Supreme Courts of Law have an indubitable rule, as we promise ourselves hereafter fully to make appear. The two oaths mentioned, merit consideration. The one is an oath of allegiance to the monarchy of the people, by whom they are created, and by the Assembly nominated. By this oath they solemhly swear to preserve the constitution inviolate, under the penalty of an impeachment, as set forth in the constitution; and we may add, not inaptly, the odious sin of perjury. By the second they swear to do equal justive between man and man, civiliter, and between the state and man criminaliter. ARATUS. As two Jackanapes’ have attacked Aratus, he begs leave to inform them for fear of mistake, that he may be personally heard of by applying to the Printers. NUMBER V. To exemplify our position, causes us to pause. —Time, place, and circumstance, claim attention. In the eastern states, education and science, the only foundation on which a perfect government can be erected, have made a noble stand; if a performance on the subject of government, law, science, or the useful arts, makes its appearance, it is searched after with avidity— each thought is minutely investigated—it becomes a folio. Where the mind, or wisdom is concerned, touch the pendulum, the instrument is in action. There a subject, simple and unadorned, pro- ductive of utility, will receive all its merits. Seated in a country far distant from the schools of knowledge, our residence being amongst plain, incult, honest men, to whom we address ourselves, we would shun the swell of words, with the same caution as we would censure; but reflecting on time, place, and circumstance, we NortH CaArotina Newspapers BEForE 1790 79 must bear down with a heavier hand, we must strike with a bolder brush. In treating of the Legislative and Executive provinces, we introduced supposition to elucidate; proceeding on the Judicial, the figure may be equally explanatory and useful. Having in view a sage Judge (Lord Coke) the oracle of the law, not in his words, but from his page, permit us to produce a wondrous strik- ing portrait. —Figure to your mind the Parliament of Great-Britain incontinently passing a law, such as the Evangelical pillars, the holy props of all governments, piously forged in the fifth year of the reign of Richard II. enjoining the bible orthodox christians of England, to take an oath and swear to fall down and worship the fashioned things of priestly, superstitious imagination (¢mages) in open violation of holy religion, of the immutable, moral, and eternal law of God. —Mr. Rymer, in his MS of Parliamentary proceedings, comfortably informs us, that the Godly Priests, Masters in Divinity, Ambassadors from Heaven, under this law, to the glory of their God, piously and devoutly burnt many a goodly Briton. Figure to your mind a subject pointed out a vicitim to holy sacrifice. A man as moral as Spinosa, or as learned and virtuous as the meta- physical Servitus, to whom the faculty are indebted for the knowledge of the circulation of the blood: —the pages we have read, blush record- ing the fate of these worthies. Figure to your mind the horrid writ de haeretico comburendo (to burn heretics) to be issued—The procession appears, headed by a mitred Monk, attended by a fanatic, enthusiastic band of chaste, well tithed Fathers—the oppressed, virtuous, trembling burnt-offering is produced, cloathed in his auto de fe faubeneto jacket, highly emblazoned in ortho- dox painting, presenting a figure too infernal for a common law Judge to view without terror, sufficient to affright humanity : “To gallow the very wanderers of the dark.” Shakespeare. The Judges in the calm wisdom of philosophy, appointed for life—nobly inde- pendent—placed above the influence of power and private malice—girt around with virtue, justum et tenacem—possessed of the process and the subject of the frightful cavalcade!!! This is a stand big with important business. In what manner would the judges (whom we have already described) conduct themselves? They would take an advisare, remit the oppressed citizen—they would remonstrate to their Monarch, saying, “Great and mighty Sire, on the “superb day of your coronation you took an awful oath, the most sacred “ligument of government, by which you religiously swore to govern the “nation by the ancient laws of the land: —This law is against the ancient “laws of the land, holy religion, it is malum in se. We, your Judges, “by our oaths, which we hold inviolate, are sacredly and doubly bound “to your Majesty and the laws: By the constitution of the kingdom, “we are the keepers of the conscience of the King, by the majesty of “the people elected to rule over them.” Fuat justitia, rurat Coelum. —No Lawyer or Commentator, to our knowledge, hath proceeded further. 80 JAMEs SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES The Doved Fanatic may say, the example is too highly coloured; he may exclaim the piece is unnatural—it is the production of a Flemish painter. No, it is the language, say the painting of an honest and simple man. Examples apt presented themselves, apropos in file. Religion was out of our sight: Dehors the business. Puppies will yelp; suffer this as an apology to the ingenious and candid reader. ARATUS. From Flagellator Scurrarum1 Mess. Printers, If the modern Aratus, who appears in the front of your paper of the 7th instant, thinks himself assisted by the genius of the ancient astrologer of that name, and therefore a conjurer, I beg leave to think for myself: But if he thinks that through a long line of transmigrations, his carcase is animated by the soul of a patriotic Prince of that name, and that he is therefore the presumptive heir to his signature, no body ought to believe him; for the patriotism of that Prince was real and consistent— his is but pretention, as manifestly appears before he finishes that laboured performance—that complete exemplification of Horace’s Mountain in travel. While I was amused with his philological parade and affectation, I began to think the whole no more than a singular and very curious dis- play of patriotism; but he soon convinced me of the contrary, by his freedom with the Legislature and his impious ridicule of the main sup- port of our government, namely scripture revelation: For to say the least, it is admitted, I believe, on all hands, by men of sense, that the religion of any country, is the surest and most permanent support of its government. But the fictitious and absurd Aratus, under a disguise of friendship for his country, strikes at this main pillar of government, with all the force that imbecility can exert, and malignity inspire. And while this mountain of absurdity is miserably convulsed, and labours hard with the throes of a sterile imagination, so as even to astonish his readers, “Out comes the ridiculous mouse!!!’ Should the learned Aratus think himself roughly treated, let him com- fort himself with another parade of his erudition; but let him beware of wantonly turning up his posteriors again, for should they not be so lean as to excite compassion, they will probably meet with some attention from Flagellator Scurrarum. From a Farmer? Mess. Printers, YOU have a curious kind of correspondent. He sometimes calls himself by one name and sometimes by another: for I can always know him by his factious spirit and manner of writing. I remember when he 1 [bid., 28 May, 1789. 2 Ibid., 11 June, 1789. Nort Carotina NEwsparers BEerore 1790 81 took it in his head to abuse the Assembly and Justices of the Peace, as a parcel of stupid, ignorant and wicked rascals, he called himself An Independent Citizen. At another time, to vent a fit of ill humour, he said a great many trifling and absurd things, and then called himself A Juryman. After that, when he undertook to out-do the Devil himself in maliciousness, and the pride of being thought a man of learning, he signed himself A Citizen and Soldier. And now, in his two last frantic performances, by the name of Aratus, he seems to be growing still more crazy. In short I am afraid he’ll run mad and do mischief, I cannot tell what he would be at, or what is the design of those two pieces, unless from a conceit of his superior abilities, he has undertaken to teach the Governor and Judges their duty; and to abuse the scriptures. It may be his great learning for what I know that makes him so unintelligible to me, a man of plain sense, who can just read and write a little. How- ever, if learning has a tendency to make the man so devilish proud, dis- contended [discontented] and quarrelsome, I thank God that I am not cursed with more than I have common sense to manage. Poor man, may be he is a discontented lawyer; distracted by the jarring interests of pride and‘poverty. And the plaguy Assembly have put it out of his power to acquire enough in any reasonable time to satisfy the claims of either, by suffering the Justices to do so much busi- ness out of court, and at the same time putting it in their power to over-hawl him, if he should take a fee agreeable to his learning and consequence; so that in fact it is no wonder if he should run as mad as a March hare. Yet I should be glad, and I dare say many more, if he would leave off to fill up so much of your otherwise agreeable and useful paper with his learned scribblings. A FARMER. From Observators Tyrrel, July 21, 1789. Messrs. Printers, *Tis reported that in the vicinity of a plaintain a spider bit a toad several turns, in a short space of time: that the latter effected a cure of poison by eating a piece of the plaintain as often as attacked by the former. A by-stander observing them, pulled up the plaintain, which the toad missed after another pass at his antagonist, and instantly flung himself on his back and expired. Aratus in the vicinity of flatterers swelled badly in point of com- position. Flagellator Scurrarum perceived him making mouths, was provoked and bit him with his fly letter. Avatus affecting to laugh about it, found some coxcomb, who still could flatter his vanity, so got cured of his wound, and very soon tried another effort against his opponent. In the mean time the Farmer got a gripe at Aratus: and has probably excited risibleness in his plaintain-friends, insomuch that the corrosive- ness of Flagellator Scurrarum’s next attack will effect the heroe’s fatal execution, and throw him flat on his back. 1Tbid., 30 July, 1789. 82 James SprunT Historicat STupIEs Should Aratus summons me to an interview, as he has others, perhaps the distance will not prevent, at his interment, the attendance of his humble servant. OBSERVATOR. From Diogenes Perquimans, July 26, 1789. Gentlemen, It seems not a little surprising that you should suffer this thing, or this no thing, which calls itself ARATUS, to fill so much of your paper with its tedious and unintelligible performances. Or is it really the ghost of Aratus that is come to haunt us for our sins? And to scare us “With Gorgons, Hydras, and chimeras dire!” And will nothing quiet this busy, scribbling, messing, perturbed spirit? Is there to be no end to its wanderings? “Another yet; and yet another still!” Cannot the holy wand of the Prophet lay the restless phantom? But if he is indeed a man of flesh, he should regard it; and bear in mind the threatened rod of the fool-whipper, which above all he ought to dread. Will this weaver of minionet, this spinner of cobweb, this frothy syllabub of asses milk never be done? Must this meer clangor perpetu- ally pester us with noise and nauseousness? -—-Common sense forbid it. Yet might the dreamer go on to deal out his crude and ill suited mate- rials unnoticed by me, were it not that he takes up so much of your paper, which otherwise would contain, as formerly, subjects both useful and pleasing. While the important affairs that are now transacting both at home and abroad, afford such ample funds for interesting intelligence, it is to be hoped Aratus will no longer find room for his unmeaning, perplexed and flighty effusions. I trust he will not, nor cannot, unless he is extremely captious, be offended at the liberal manner in which I have mentioned his produc- tions; as I have endeavoured to observe every possible degree of gentle- ness, temper and decency. -—Let him lay aside his fustian, and write intelligibly if he can, and I may bear to read him: But what can be the use of his writing what no mortal can understand. DIOGENES. N.B. I am apprehensive I have been mistaken in my conjectures concerning Aratus. As since writing the above I have accounts from the family of the Apes’s, or as Aratus stiles them, the Jack-a-napes’s, by which I learn that the whole family are exceedingly rejoiced that they will have it in their power through your means to discover their long lost kinsman Aratus Apes. They are positive that he is of their family, although he has thought proper to suppress his surname. And notwith- standing a vile report which they have heard, of his cutting off his tail to look like a man; yet they speak with great affection of their dear Rati, 1 Loc. cit. NortH Carotina Newspapers BEFORE 1790 83 for they cannot believe that he could ever be so weak as to part with that beautiful, useful and distinguishing ornament of the Ape, merely from the poor affectation of imitating man: which in spite of all his efforts, he ought to be sensible, it would be impossible for him to effect in any tolerable degree. I further learn that a number of gentlemen and ladies of the family have it in contemplation to pay their beloved Rati a visit as soon as fruit comes in plenty. A visit before, they apprehend, would put him to great inconvenience; as it might be difficult, for him to pro- vide for so large and respectable a company. They are preparing some little matters expressive of their affection, and amongst the rest they intend to present him with some nuts to crack, as a rarity. This intelli- gence may be depended upon, as it comes from the best authority. Apropos, supposing the above report to be true, will it not be indis- pensably necessary and proper for Aratus to provide himself with a tail, that he may appear a finished Ape? For malice itself cannot say that he wants any thing else to compleat him. —I mention this only as a friendly hint. aT Boel tree aN ATLA 4 Na Ne v, UN MAT Ye Wie WA ) in a THE JAMES SPRUNT HISTORICAL STUDIES Published under direction of the Department of History and Government of the University of North Carolina. Volume 20 Number 2 Editors R. D. W. Connor Wiruam Wuattey Pierson, Jr. Mrrtcuett B. Garretr < “NO, Re) Rog b L LIBERTA RIVERS) 7 ¢. -xroux? » Meco CONTENTS THE JAMES A. GRAHAM PAPERS, 1861-1884 Edited by H. M. WAGSTAFF, Ph.D. Professor of History and Government in the University of North Carolina CHAPEL HILL THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS 1928 THE JAMES A. GRAHAM PAPERS, 1861-1884 Edited by H. M. WAGSTAFF, Ph.D. Professor of History and Government in the University of North Carolina INTRODUCTION The material included in this number of the James Sprunt Historical Studies consists of two parts: (1) the Confed- ate War Letters of James Augustus Graham, written to his mother and father between the dates of his enlistment in 1861 and the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, 1865, and (2) a “Descriptive Book of the Orange Guards” (Company G, 27th Regiment of North Carolina Infantry). Graham became a member of the Orange Guards upon its organization at Hills- boro in April, 1861, and was its captain at the end of the war. He is the author of the “Descriptive Book.” This was found by the editor in the possession of the University of North Caro- lina Library, with the circumstances and date of its accession apparently not traceable. It is in manuscript, the handwriting that of James A. Graham, as proven by comparison with the handwriting of his “Letters” herein appearing, and attested by his brother, Major John W. Graham of Hillsboro. It is entitled “Copy” of Descriptive Book, etc., and the theory of the editor is that it is a duplicate of the original manuscript prepared by Graham and reproduced immediately to provide an additional number. What became of the original manuscript, if there was one, or whether he used the word “Copy” to designate a repro- duction, is unknown. The manuscript is without date, and in- ternal evidence does not enable one to fix the time it was written. It is a unique work of its kind, no other record of any military unit of the state having survived in nearly so complete a form. The record is the more important in that the Roster of North Carolina Troops, compiled by John W. Moore, and pub- lished in 1882, is admitted by Moore to be very incomplete as to the men enlisted in the various companies of the 27th Regi- ment. He states in a footnote (Vol. II, p. 407) that the only records of this regiment available to him of Companies D to K inclusive were the captured field returns to be had at Wash- ington, and deplores the meagerness of information to be de- rived from this source. Moore’s list of Company G, allowing [91] 92 JAMES SpPRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES for duplicates resulting from promotions, contains eighty names. Graham gives the total enlistment from the time of the organi- zation of the Company as the “Orange Guards” in April, 1861, to the end of its service in April, 1865. The number is one hun- dred and eighty-one men. Moore’s roster gives no data whatever besides the dates of enlistment of the eighty men in his list, and the attribution of them all to Orange County except one. Gra- ham’s book shows a number of the enlistments to have been from other counties and several from other states. It is com- plete in detail of the military record of each of the one hundred and eighty-one men. Graham wrote the History of the 27th North Carolina Regi- ment which appears in Walter Clark’s “Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War, 1861-65,” published in 1901. He dated this sketch at Washington, April 9, 1901, having been a resident there since 1888. By comparing this sketch with the “Descriptive Book” of the Orange Guards (which was Company G of the 27th Regi- ment) one reaches the conclusion not only that he reéxamined Confederate and Federal war records, but that he used his previously prepared “Descriptive Book” as a dependable source of information in addition. It is the editor’s conviction that the book was written in the immediate years after the Civil War, during the period in which the author was an attorney at Gra- ham, Alamance County, that it was a product of his personal interest in his company, and that no use was ever made of it beside the slight one above suggested. The Graham letters were placed in the hands of this editor by Mrs. Sara Graham Peck, daughter of James A. Graham, and now a resident of Derby, Connecticut. It was agreed by her that the letters might be published in the James Sprunt His- torical Studies for their value to Confederate war history, and the original manuscripts be loaned to the University of North Carolina Library, in its manuscript division, where they will remain until a final disposition of them is decided upon by their owner, Mrs. Peck. THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 93 There are three letters in the series written by W. A. Gra- ham to his son James A. Graham, and two by him to Mrs. W. A. Graham. There is one letter from John Washington Graham to his mother, Mrs. W. A. Graham. In the latter part of the series appear three letters written by Brigadier-General John R. Cooke, of the 27th Regiment, to James A. Graham. They relate to con- troverted points respecting the share of Cooke’s Brigade in the battle of Reams’ Station, August 25, 1864, and are evidently in reply to letters of Graham to Cooke. The last of the letters written by James A. Graham is of date October 17, 1876. It is to Charles E. Miller, Esq., in appar- ent answer to an inquiry relative to the social, economic, and political condition of the state. It should have historical value as the assessment made by a young soldier, ten years removed from the war, of the condition and prospects of the State of North Carolina just as it was, along with other southern states, emerging from the period called “Reconstruction,” but which had yet to make an almost wholly new start toward the goal of a renewed vigor and health. James Augustus Graham was born at Hillsboro, N. C., July 7, 1841. His father, William Alexander Graham, was one of the most useful and distinguished citizens that North Carolina has produced. Born in 1804, graduated at the State University in 1824, William A. Graham became a Whig in politics, and after a service in the state legislature from 1833 to 1840 he was elected to the United States Senate in the latter year, serv- ing to 1843. From 1845 to 1849 he was Governor of North Carolina. In 1850 he became Secretary of the Navy in Fill- more’s Cabinet. He was candidate of the Whig party for vice- president in 1852. He was senator from North Carolina in the Confederate States government from 1863 to the collapse of the Confederacy, and was elected United States Senator again in 1866 but, along with other southern senators, was denied ad- mission. He held other important positions of trust in the state and nation until his death in 1875. Of his seven sons who at- tained adulthood, five fought in the Civil War, and afterward all seven attained distinction in one field or another in civil life. 94 JAMES SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES The author of the “Descriptive Book” and the “Letters,” James Augustus Graham, was the fourth son of William Alex- ander Graham. He married in 1869, Elizabeth Cheshire Webb of Hillsboro, and had four children (James Augustus, Jr., William Alexander, John Washington, and Sara), all of whom are now living except the second son, William Alexander. He practised law in Graham, Alamance County, North Carolina, from the end of the Civil War to 1888 and served Alamance County as state senator in 1870. He received an appointment as Pension Examiner in the Federal Bureau of Pensions in 1888 and re- moved to Washington City. He died March 20, 1908, and is buried at Hillsboro. John Washington Graham, the writer of one of the letters in the series (date, November 27, 1864), was brother to James A. Graham, and the second son of William A. Graham. He was a member of the 56th North Carolina Regiment and attained _ the rank of major before the end of the war. He too became a lawyer, settled at Hillsboro, and represented Orange County in the state senate, 1870, 1876, 1907, and 1911. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1868. For his probity, his learning, and for the high standards he has upheld in his profession, he received the LL.D. degree from the State Univer- sity in 1921. He is still living at Hillsboro. Of the other brothers, the subjects of reference in the Gra- ham Letters, Joseph Graham was the oldest. He was captain of Battery C in the 10th North Carolina Regiment and after the war practised medicine at Hillsboro until his death in 1907. William Alexander, the third son (and namesake) of his father, became Captain of Company K in the 19th Regiment (2nd Cay- alry), was wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, and thereafter promoted to the rank of major and assistant adjutant-general of North Carolina. At the end of the war he settled as a farmer in Lincoln County, represented his district several times in the state senate, became Commissioner of Agriculture in 1908, and died in this post December 24, 1923. Robert Davidson Graham, the fifth son of Governor William A. Graham, became Captain of the 56th Regiment of North Carolina Infantry. After the THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 95 Civil War he practised law for a time, then became a Secretary of the Civil Service Commission, and later a Commissioner in the Land Office of the Interior Department of the United States government. He died in 1904. Two other brothers of James A. Graham, referred to several times in the letters, were George Washington Graham and Augustus Washington Graham. Both were too young for military service during the Civil War. The former became a physician at Charlotte, where he resided until his death in 1923; the latter a lawyer who has served Granville County frequently in the state legislature and was speaker in 1909. He was Judge of Superior Court from 1895 to 1897. He lives at Oxford, N. C. H. M. WacstaFrF Cuapet Hitt, N. C. March 15, 1928 Math ahh AN WMV ts) tA hia | bi ae) gh). ‘ iH) Hs LeeAnAley Lmiyet 4 I CoRRESPONDENCE OF JAMES A, GRAHAM, 1861-1884 ¥ ! i p ‘ 1 > i . is f\ Ay. . : "i y . RO an ; re f , i Wy i . ‘ “ , i 4 - . } CALENDAR OF LETTERS Letters Written by James A. Graham to Mrs. W. A. Graham Place Date Racor erecta wen oy SN seen ei Neh ee April 22, TVG IAL) 015 age ed en Bure MNES a eeeePDE Mor tJ. 2 maven nam May 8, Riera UC OME nee, Seti eaee ty be ks eae ney l7, “E\ISTE TRAEAW OSG) ARIE aR ae ok 0 Se r,s Ree oa July 21, PY SAIE TN T2 VCO) | pRIg RR SEES EN iee e o Sept. 6, “EG Tg ol AG CYA SAS MeO ae eh Sea Oct, /Z1; TROSEE IN VCloy ali ease. ut a ea na a et eed Ne Nov. 26, | ABFIE NILA NG vie Se fal oe ee ase ny Na Jan. 2, arian erate es hove, Cee wise Mes te Lele ae Jane tS; LP ONE LVS (Seta eae MN a A seared Jan. 24, Pewee. IL Bnin Sip eet eae Rta haley es Male Eon Cos LA On IR (jaca. Save TLS Nae sh ei eek ied 2) be 5 Maat SD RRR OARIEGRY 292 ora RR Feb. 17, rte ettie.. e o) Bie ba 95 ARR Feb. 28, LEST PDSIUOU ed We nk aa Nt pa a A cena el March 15, EIN STO 2 saul AR eae NUE SERRE ne March 19, RO Ais OUR CSS cen tees ee nae eee eae an :..March 31, ILLIA May 14, IR epRERICHUONG,, Nid... soso ene EN June 3, Herre OMG ON Beet da iste a aad ol June 8, Enmcey George County, Vance July 11, ampiicee near Petersbure,. Vaden July 16, ‘CoB LESS MIN RR are i SO mn ap July 21, “Sunny: LSS ieee bs West nc, eR erg mete) a Srey Ss July 25, PURINES Vato ne oc tae ett uel’ August 8, iedminichimond, Vas. tee ee August 23, Reanim station, Vas lo ea ea a August 31, eam Martinsburg. Vari) le eae Sept. 21, Rleate yvimenester,, Vaio tie Joe eee Sept, 29) MotecmeN Mime e Sten? Viale ee Sk ee eee Osi 2: BNicromNV IICMESten, Wai wee ei). os eee Oct. 19, Llea ye Sige) OE aah UE Wane Hr eo nee rey cA Jan. 9, 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1861 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1862 1863 100 JAMES SpruNT HistortcaL STUDIES Near South Washington, WhiGi 0) ne Jan. 30, 1863 Coosawatchie, 'S.(Cii) 2. ae March 2, 1863 Coosawatchie, 'S.\ Ci a March 22, 1863 Coosa watchte) Sinn co SNe ih a March 29, 1863 Coosawatchie, S.C. Cee April 12, 1863 Camp‘near Wilmington, N: C../.. 2 e April 26, 1863 GoldsborapiNe Givens ui oe) a Sr May 10, 1863 Campinear) Kinston, /N ‘Cis Vi May 26, 1863 Camp: Johtiston near Kinston/..)........ eee June 3, 1863 Camp" below. ‘Richmond, 'Vael..1:....-2... 22 eee June 14, 1863 Campinear Richmond, Value we July 7, 1863 Camp mear’ Taylorsville, Vai....2.00.... July 27, 1863 Camp near Fredericksburg, Vavq11:c.-<:s0-:--ccosaceesee August 3, 1863 Camp near (Gordonsville, Va............. Oct. 4, 1863 Bivouac near Rappahannock Station, Va................- Oct. 17, 1863 Camp near Brandy Station, Va,......:....-.22:) ee Oct. 24, 1863 Camp ‘near, Brandy ‘Station, Va..2..-.-.... ee Nov. 1, 1863 Camp:near Orange C. F1.,\Valu.0. Oe Nov. 17, 1863 Tn'line of Battles iio i. ke Nov. 30, 1863 Camp 27th N.C. Intantry. 20 Dec. 13, 1863 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. Dec. 31, 1863 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. Jan. 7, 1864 Camp 27th N. C, Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. Jan. 24, 1864 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. Feb. 1, 1864 @anip 27th N. ©) imgantry. ne ee March 4, 1864 Camp 2/th Ni C, Tata ee ee March 19, 1864 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. April 2, 1864 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Orange C. H., Va. April 8, 1864 amp 2/th N.C, Intantry ee April 18, 1864 Grorconsville, Va eee ae ee ee May 9, 1864 THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 101 M@ienches/mear Petersburg, Vai......0-. ka Sept. 13, 1864 MerIGUEVCLOEGOUIGS Walp ee Oct. 6, 1864 BeraeTEES IEP. ayer atc ye cok Nov. 5, 1864 Camp 27th N. C. Infantry, near Petersburg, Va.....Nov. 16, 1864 Wamp asta. C. Intantry. Nov. 23, 1864 amr ern Ne Cimtarte ye ee ial ON aay Dec. 3, 1864 amueczs nay iN Coin taaitn yi ee iN en ens ce Dec. 7, 1864 Mei ea tON Calaramtry. 10 Nae, ue eh Dec. 18, 1864 ESTO) ZA AWN ae RS I 0 a a a Dec. 24, 1864 amp 2AL NC Intantty ee eae Dec. 30, 1864 ME rrM eI MC Ena a ls Jan. 13, 1865 Mem 2c aiN CO. sbrtambrys ae Jan. 18, 1865 Ban cao NO inibatitrye sk A el ee Feb. 4, 1865 inet Pe Aachen MNS Nil GAIN G sez aM ee UE A nee Feb. 6, 1865 + Latin nyo 24 Ai dak 0 a! GHANA Nah i aan a Pe Feb. 24, 1865 Mamipyayiu Ne Cx Uatamtryes eh een See ee March 8, 1865 apenas Oe Writantiy iy er ee March 20, 1865. ginal O(c Sg) I SM aS EOE eR rt ee May 20, 1865 Letters Written by James A, Graham to W. A. Graham Place Date Eaieataay erprreinING cos, cence saute a A UR UE a Jan. 18, 1862 Port Wane, NC... ees REA ase LL March 7, 1862 Campinear Winchester Vanya et Sept. 29, 1862 COGS RAVE CL ASRS AM COUIMNINE, ES PULA UN MAM OP PAA March 15, 1863 Sree eaTR ROTH NIN CC.) en UMass May 3, 1863 Panipunesn richmond) Wazoo cw wai! July 3, 1863 PIM NIUMELION, )/V cbt eee ND Soke Ue ny July 11, 1863 Mampinear Paylorsville;/ Va. ee oe) July 30, 1863 Camp of 27th Inf’y, near Rappahannock rivet........ Oct. 21, 1863 Wampinear, Brandy Station, Va. ka Oct. 28, 1863 Gamenear Brandy Station; Wau ly Nov. 3, 1863 Camp of 27th N.C. Inf’y, near Orange C. H., Va. Nov. 12, 1863 Camp of 27th N.C. Inf’y, near Orange C. H., Va. Nov. 24, 1863 102 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES Camp near Orange C. H., Vaei)..12..... a Dec. 4, 1863 Gamp 27th N. C, Inf’y...2-23e 2 Dec. 21, 1863 On the Picket ‘Line::..0.:.22:. 42 March 26, 1865 Charlotte, N.C. 22..0U 2 er May 30, 1865 Letters Written by W. A. Graham to James A. Graham Place Date Hillsbotos ING oc sac a Sa April 19, 1864 Richmond» Va. :......---.-.-....2eet April 30, 1864 Richtagnd Wa... <.:.........2 | May 6, 1864 Letters Written by W. A, Graham to Mrs. W. A. Graham Place Date Richmond, Va, (Telegram) -..2......0.-..-...... 2 May 16, 1864 fichwiond), Vass... shed May 18, 1864 Letter Written by John W. Graham to Mrs. W. A. Graham Place Date Trenches near Petersburg, Vaz... Nov. 27, 1864 Letters Written by John R. Cooke to James A. Graham Place Date Richmond, Wace. cee August 4, 1883 Richmond, Vee 208 22 eee ee Sept. 8, 1883 Richmond; Vas. e21 52. nae eee June 7, 1884 I CORRESPONDENCE OF JAMES A. GRAHAM Fort Macon, N. C. Apr 22nd 1861 Dear MoTHER We arrived here safe and sound on Sunday morning. We stayed at Morehead City on Saturday night and slept on the floor of the warehouse. Had a pretty rough time and felt next morning as though we had not slept at all; for we were as sore as could be and completely broken down. I have got well fixed in quarters. There are about 40 of us in a room about 35 feet long and 15 feet wide. I sleep with Tom Whitted. The officers are in another room, but I am as well fixed as I would wish to be. We do not know what day we may be attacked, but we are prepared for them no matter when they come. We have some hard work to do, but not half as much as I expected when I left home; for I came with the expectation of having to ditch and do every sort of hard work. Cousins John, Bryan, & Wil- liam Cobb are here. Also Cousin James Washington and Dr Crayton who married Cousin Annie Washington. I saw Aunt Ann and Cousin Laura and Jimmy Bryan in Newbern. Also Cousin William Washington’s wife and Miss Margaret Woods who used to stay with us. They were all well. Our company is in very good spirits and all very well except James Jones. He is a little unwell to-day. I had to drill a squad for an hour this evening and am pretty tired and cannot write any more at present. I am writing on a little piece of board which I picked up in our room. Johnny joins me in Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate son mis. James A. GRAHAM Direct your letters. JAMES A. GRAHAM Orange Guards Fort Macon N.C. [ 103 ] 104 JAMES SpruntT Historica STUDIES Fort Macon May 8th 1861 DEAR MOTHER I received the box which you sent me by Mr. Strayhorn and am very much obliged for it, also for the books, for I never missed my books as much in my life as I have since I have been here. I have a good deal of leisure time and was bored a great deal by not having anything to do or to read. My shirts fit very well. I would like the collars made just the size of the larger one (it is 4 inch the largest) and the wristbands made shorter; not more than 1 inch wide. I have been drilling in Artillery for the last two or three days and like it, though it is harder work than Infantry drill. You wished to know whether Willie and I would both need a mattrass. One will do for us both and you can either send it or let him bring it when he comes. He had better bring a pair of blankets also and that is all that he will need as he and I will sleep to-gether. Some ladies came over from Morehead City the other day and brought us a Southern Confederacy flag. We hoisted it and fired a salute of 9 guns. Some of the boys were down on the beach and when they heard the guns fire ran for the fort thinking that we were attacked, but soon found that they were mistaken and were laughed at a great deal for being so easily frightened. Our com- pany numbers 65 men and can get as many more as we want. Tell Willie that he can join if he comes down. I hope that you will not let Carlo & Alto be killed for I am certain that they did not kill anybody’s sheep and I would not part with them for anything. Tell Sarah Scott that her brother is well and that he re- ceived the things that she sent him. Tell her he says she must write to him as soon as she can. I must close as the drum has beat for drill. Give my love to sister Bettie and tell her that she must write to me. Johnny joins me in love to all. Write soon to: Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE JAmMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 105 Fort Macon June 17th 1861 Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter last Friday. It came Thursday night, but as I was on guard I did not get it till Friday morning. I would have been very glad to have been at home on the 8th, but could not get off. I hope to be at home the last of this week or the first of next as almost all of our men have had furloughs and I reckon my time will come next, but it will depend on circumstances. I was on guard last Thurs- day (13)th and, therefore, could not observe the day as I would have wished. We had no drill but had preaching twice viz! at 6% in the morning and at 5 in the evening. I read the chapters; on Sun- day; that you recommended. You wished to know how we spend our time. We have to get up at a quarter past 5 in the morning and have our beds made up and rolled up by 6, at 6% we have to drill for an hour and then get breakfast. We then have nothing to do till 10, when we have to drill again for an hour. Drill again at 5 in the evening. Dress Parade at 614 and then Supper. Answer to Roll call again at 9 o’clock and have all lights out by 10. Between times we very often have some work to do. When I am not drilling I am generally sleeping, reading or studying military tactics. On Sunday we have no drills and generally have preaching once and sometimes twice. I spend the day generally in reading Spurgeon’s Sermons or the Bible or sleeping.. The salt air makes me feel sleepy nearly all the time. I keep a regular journal every day. You wished to know who composed my mess. They are Stephen and Sam! Dickson, Tom Whitted, George Lynch, Charley Parks, Haughton from Pittsboro and myself. There were several more but they have either received commissions or gone home. I suppose that you have heard before this how well the 1st Regiment, under Col. Hill, did at Newport News Va. There don’t seem to be much chance of our ever having a fight down here, though we are well prepared for the enemy. 106 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES Claiborne, a boy belonging to Mr. Thos. Cain, waits on our mess. Our cooking is done at the regular cook room for our company. Johnny joins me in love to all. Write soon to Your affec- tionate son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Excuse bad writing as my pen is very sharp and sticks in the paper so that I can hardly write at all and I am too lazy to go to my room to get another one. Gee Fort Macon July 21st 1861 Drar MoTHER As Mr Lynch is going up in the morning I will write by him. Please send me some writing paper and envelopes as I am very near out of paper. Please send me about half a quire of foolscap paper among the rest. Tomorrow is Johnny’s birth- day. I wish that we could all be at home then. Tell Willie that I think he owes me a letter. The Rev Mr Wiley, presbyterian preacher, preached for us this evening. We have preaching almost every Sunday, but still it is nothing like Sunday at home. I hope that this war will end soon, for I am getting tired of it. I have been appointed Orderly Sergeant of our company. Tom Whitted is 4th Sergeant in my place. As it is Sunday I will write no more. Tell Cousin Kate I wish she would answer my letter. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Tue JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 107 Fort Macon Sept 6th 1861 Dear MoTHER The enemy have not attacked us yet nor have we seen any- thing of them. I do not know when they will come if they come at all, but this I do know that we are very well fixed for them and can give them the hardest fight that they have had anywhere yet. I feel just as safe here as I would anywhere. I was in NewBern yesterday. Saw Gen. Gatlin and Johnny. Brother Joe is stationed at Fort Lane about 3 miles below NewBern on the river. I went down to his camp. They have cleared a place in the woods on the bank of the river large enough to pitch their camp and are hard at work clearing more. Col. Camp- bell’s & Col. Singletary’s Regiments are there. They are well fixed up. I did not see Cousin Laura. She has a baby about a week old. Uncle James Bryan and Aunt Ann have not been able to leave New York yet. Jimmy Bryan told me that he had a letter from his father dated Aug 20th stating that Aunt Ann was not able to travel at that time. Yesterday was Father’s birthday. I wish that we all could have been at home, but it could not be. I wish him many returns of it and that we may all be at home to enjoy them in peace. I am getting tired of war and wish that it would cease, but am afraid that we will have more than enough of it before it does quit. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Fort Macon Oct 21st 1861 My pear MoTHER I wish that you would send word to Carmichael to make haste with my uniform. He told me that he expected the cloth the day I left and he ought to have finished it by this time. 108 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES If he has not finished it yet tell him if he can finish it by Thursday morning and will send it to the depot then he can send it down by some one, for there will be one or two members of the Guilford Grays from Greensboro coming down on that day. It has been raining for two or three days pretty steady and there has been almost a storm raging all day. I received a letter from George (at Dr Wilsons) two or three days ago. He and Gus are both very well. I have not been able to find the life of Havelock yet, but will find it if I can. Nobody ever thinks of returning a book here when they borrow and hardly ever think of asking for a book, but just borrow it anyhow whenever they see one: Is Willie Captain of his company yet or does Mr Turner still hold it? I was not able to get any undershirts in Goldsboro when I came down. If you can get them I wish that you would get me two No 34, or 18 by 28, or 19 by 29 inches. If you cannot get them I can make out with what I have as I will not be very much exposed to the weather unless we are moved out of the Fort and there seems to be no likelihood of that. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate son JAMES A. GRAHAM Fort Macon Nov 26th 1861 My pear MoTHER There is no news here and little or nothing to write about, but I will try to write to you to-night even if I can find nothing else to say than that I have at last gotten well of the mumps and am very well again. Johnny and Cousin William Morrison were down here last Saturday with Gen. Gatlin. I suppose that Johnny is with you by this time as he told me that he expected to go home on Sunday, the day after he was here. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 109 We had a very sad occurrence here last Sunday night. The Orderly Sergeant of the Guilford Grays, from Greens- boro, attempted to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a razor in a fit of temporary derangement of mind. He was prevented from finishing the deed by a young man who was sleeping with him. He is now very low and there is little or no hope of his recovery, as he tore his throat with his hands after the razor was taken away from him. It seems strange that a man will meddle with his own life in this way. If you have my flannel shirts done please send them down by Capt. Webb. He will come back about the middle of next week. I will try to get a furlough and come home in about a month. I must close Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Fort Macon Jan 2nd 1862 My pDEAR MoTHER I received your very welcome letter four or five days ago and as Lieut. Dickson is going up in the morning I will write by him. I will come up as soon as Lieut. Dickson returns, which will be about the eighth or ninth. I wish I could have been at home on New Year’s day, but could not. I was on guard the night before and saw the old year go out and the new one come in. ; I visited all the salt works near Morehead City to-day and tried to get some salt as Father requested in his last letter; but was not able to get any at all at present. I may be able to get some in a week or two, but do not know ; as it is a rather hard matter for them to get wood and some of them make no more than they want for their own use; however I will try again in a few days. 110 JAMeEs Sprunt Historica STupIEs If the officers of our Company are to have uniforms made of the cloth purchased for the Company please tell Carmichael not to cut mine until I come up, for I wish it double breasted as that is the Confederate fashion for officers and I do not think he has my measure for a double breasted coat. Capt. Webb requests me to present his respects and say that he does not say ugly words now. Rev. Mr Thorne, who preached in Chapel Hill a year or two ago preached here last Sunday. He is now living in Kinston. There is no more news. I will write to Father in a few days. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Fort Lang, N. C. Jan 18th 1862 My DEAR FATHER I have been appointed adjutant of our Regm’t. I found my appointment waiting for me when I came down last Thursday. I came up from Fort Macon this morning and will enter on the discharge of my duties tomorrow. I wish you would buy me a good saddle and bridle if such a thing is to be had in Hillsboro or Raleigh. I have got the promise of a horse that I can use till our term of service is out; for his feed. It is a fine black mare, a firstrate animal in every respect. There is a good deal of talk here of Burnside’s expedition attacking this place, but I think it ought to have been here by this time if it is coming here at all, but nobody seems to know where it is going. We heard yesterday that it was at Hatteras. I was over at the Cavalry Camp to-day and saw Willie. He is pretty well. When you write please direct your letters to Fort Lane Near Newberne NIG Please get my saddle of the sort called military saddles as they are better for riding I have to do than others. If you can- Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 111 not get one of that sort I will buy one that Col. Sloan has here— a very good common saddle. There is no news. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P, S. Please send me a servant to wait on my room if you can spare one. If you cannot spare one I suppose I can hire one in Newberne. I would like one that can cook and I want him also to attend to my horse Your aff Son J. A. GRAHAM Fort Lang, N. C. Jan 24th 1862 My pEAR MoTHER I have left Fort Macon and come up to Camp Gatlin or (Fort Lane) having been appointed Adjutant of our Regiment by Col. Sloan. We are about 2% miles from Newberne on the bank of the Neuse River living in log houses. My house is not done yet and I am living with the Major, John A. Gilmer Jr from Greensboro, until it is done. I hope to be able to get into it in a few days. At present it is nothing more than a log pen about ten feet square and four or five feet high, but I expect it will make a very good house when it is finished. I wish you would send me about half a dozen towels by the first chance as I lost nearly all those I carried to Fort Macon with me. Also please send me a box of eatables if you get a chance. I am about two miles from Willie’s Camp and five from brother Joe. I saw Willie last Saturday and intend to go down to see brother Joe tomorrow or next day. I entered upon the discharge of my new duties last Sunday and like it pretty well. It has been raining now for two days and is very wet and muddy and this renders it very disagreeable, but taking all things together it is a very nice place. 112 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES I believe that I like it better than Fort Macon; for it does not seem so confining. I have not time to write more. Excuse all mistakes for I write in a great hurry to be in time for the mail. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Please direct your letters to Ligut. JAMES A. GRAHAM Adjt. 27th Reg’t N. C. Troops Fort Lane Near Newberne N. C. Fort LANE, N. C. Jan’y 31st 1862 My pEAR MoTHER It seems that Burnsides’s (or as we call him here Jim Burnside’s) fleet has left our waters, for we have heard noth- ing of them now for three or four days. I have never thought they intended coming up here and always laughed at the way in which some of the Newberne people were frightened. I was at Uncle James Bryans one day last week and Aunt Ann had most of her things packed up and ready to leave. She said she reckoned she would have to unpack again as it seemed that Burnside was not coming. Cousin Laura is in Virginia with Dr Hughes. I went over to see Willie last Sunday and they were drill- ing just the same as any other day. We never have any drill on Sunday—and have never had, either here or at Fort Macon, but I believe we have done more hard work on Sunday than any other day. I expect to get into my new house tomorrow or next day. I would have had it finished before this but that it has been raining a great deal since I have been here and even now is pouring down pretty hard. It has been clear and very pleasant for a day or two but this evening about dark it commenced to rain again. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 113 I wish you would send me a comfort to put on my bed as it is pretty cool these nights with only a couple of blankets and that was all I brought with me when I came off last April. Down at Fort Macon we had double beds and put our bed clothes together and then we had plenty, but now I have a house and bed all to myself. I am very well pleased with this place. Some days I have a good deal of writing to do and am kept pretty busy; but sometimes I have little or nothing to do. Please send me a box of eatables when you get a chance for we cannot buy things here as we could down at Fort Macon and even when we can get them we have to pay a good big price for them. Please dont forget to send me some towels. There is nothing new. I hope this rain which is falling now is a big storm wherever Burnsides fleet is and that he may lose all the rest of his vessels; for I understand he has lost eighteen already. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Please send me my blue pants if they can be found ips nee Fort LANE Feb 17th 1862 My Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter by Alex on Saturday night. I did not get my box and bag until yesterday evening, as Mr Whitted left them at the depot in Newberne, thinking that I very likely would not be out at the crossing when the train passed. I had them brought over from Newberne in the wagon yesterday. I will send brother Joseph’s and Willie’s things to them today. I was over at Willie’s camp yesterday and spent three or four hours there. 114 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES I delivered your letter to him and told him to send after his things. I saw Capt. Brem’s Light Artillery drilling last Friday. Brother Joe was there, but I did not get a chance to speak to him. Their company is splendidly drilled, in fact I think the Light Artillery drill is the prettiest drill there is anyhow. We can get no particulars from the Roanoke Island fight, as to who was killed or wounded. The Richmond and Petersburg papers mention no other company than the Richmond Blues and one or two other Virginia Companies. I suppose they were there, but I think it nothing but right that the North Carolina Regiments who were there should get some credit for the part they bore in that hard fought battle; for our men certainly did fight well and bravely, but somehow or other North Carolina seems never to have a special correspondent to puff her up and thus other men get all the credit while we do our full share of the work and fighting. Cousin Lizzie Sloan came down last Friday night and will re- main for a week or two with the Colonel. We had a little fair weather last week and I thought the ground would get dry once but it has been raining now for about three days and our camp is getting to be almost a mudhole again. Please hurry Carmichael up with our uniforms for the Orange Guards, for I would like to have mine very much, but I do not want it until they all get them. I am very sorry that my blue pants are lost, for I wanted them, but I reckon I can do without. Excuse such small paper, for it is the best and only sort that can be had about here and, as small as it is, it cost 50 cents per quire. I must close as breakfast is ready and the train passes im- mediately after breakfast. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Col. Sloan says please send him a glass of syllabub the next time you send a box; for you make the best he ever saw. Js Oe Gs THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 115 Fort Lane N. C. Feb 28th 1862 My Dear MorTHER I received your very welcome letter a day or two ago and as Lieut. Whitted is going up to Hillsboro tomorrow morning I will answer it by him. I received my uniform last night. It fits very well, in fact I think it is as good a fit as I ever had. Capt. Webb’s and Lieut. Whitted’s fit very well also. I wish you would make me two or three shirts like those you sent to Willie. He was over here this afternoon and I saw his. I have not seen brother Joe within the past week, but will ask him about the shirts when I see him. I wish mine trimmed with blue instead of yellow. I have not used up all the hominy you sent me. We think it very good. We will not need any more just now. Our company, together with the Guilford Grays and Golds- boro Rifles, was moved up from Fort Macon day before yester- day. They are now camped here with us and I suppose will re- main here till our time is out. Please tell Father that if he will see Capt. Jo Turner per- haps he can get the horse he bought from Hedgepeth, before he puts him into the service of the state. It is the horse that Robert wrote to me about a day or two ago. Capt. Turner gave $135.00 for him. We have heard noth- ing from Burnside’s fleet in a day or two. I do not know where it is now. As it is very late and I am very sleepy and besides, I have to get up to Dress Parade at Day break in the morning I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM March Ist P. S. Please tell Father that I received his letter this morning and that I will see about the horse to-day or tomorrow. It is the 116 JAMEs SprunT Historicat STUDIES same horse I wrote about in the first part of my letter. If Capt. Turner will consent to let me have the horse before he turns him over to the state there will be no trouble about getting him, but if he is already put into the service it will be rather a hard matter to get him as we will have to go such a round-a-bout way to get at him. I will write to Father in a day or two. Your son James A. GRAHAM Fort LANE March 7th 1862 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter last night. I am not yet fully determined as to what course I shall pursue about my ad- jutant’s office, but think that I will return to my company in a week or two. I would rather be with my old company than any company I know of; for it is the best drilled company I ever saw and one of the best companies I ever saw in every particular. I will not go into the ranks again for if I am not re-elected to my present office I am not compelled to go into the ranks, but can quit and go to work recruiting on my own part. If I am re-elected and a better place offers afterwards I can take it then, but I think it would be rather the better plan to make sure of what I have. I must re-enlist again, for I could not stay at home contented and not bear my part while the war lasts. I will write again in a few days and let you know what I have determined really to do. Even if I should keep my place as Adjutant I will not want a horse as our present enlistment will be out in two or three months at the farthest and I may not be Adjutant in the next Regiment that we are put in. We had a snow storm this morning for about three or four hours, but about mid-day the sun came out and the snow is already gone, though it is still pretty cold. Our men are living in tents, but seem to like this place better than Fort Macon. As it is so near warm weather I think that they will not build win- Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 117 ter Quarters; for we do not know where we may be sent to as soon as the spring opens. I think it very likely that we will stay here until our time is out. I can very easily sell my saddle to Maj. Gilmer or Lt. Col. Singletary for what it cost me. There is nothing new. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Our men were paid off yesterday. I will send you $300 of mine by the first chance Please tell Mr Parks to make me a pair of heavy shoes like those he made for me last August. Tell him to make them % inch longer than he did the others. I want them made as soon as possible for I am beginning to need them Your AiG Kinston March 15th 1862 My Dear MotTHer I wrote to you this morning to let you know that I was safe. I have since heard that Willie is also safe, but have not seen him. A gentleman told me just now that he knew him to be safe. Time will determine. I hope he is safe but have my doubts about it. I do not think he is killed, but he may be a prisoner. He was on the right where the hardest fighting was but I understand he was not engaged in it at all. The enemy, 24,000 strong, came upon us about half past 7 o'clock yesterday morning. We numbered about 6,000 and were behind our entrenchments about 5 miles below Newbern. The strongest part of the attack was made upon our right. Our Regiment was upon the extreme left and was not much engaged but the shell fell thick and fast around us, bursting above us and all around us. It was terrible, but our men stood it nobly. There was but one man killed and three or four wounded in our regiment. About 10 o’clock the enemy turned our right flank and we were ordered to retreat and such a mess I never saw. I 118 James SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES endeavored to get our men together, but every man was looking out for himself; we retreated to Newberne, but the enemy got there in their gun boats almost as soon as we did on land. We saw that we could not hold it and therefore set the town on fire and retreated to this place. I retreated with the regiment for four or five miles when the alarm was given that the enemy were upon us. We then scattered through the woods and every man took care of himself. I waded through several creeks and ditches about waist deep and at last came up with some of our cavalry and rode behind them to this place. We afterwards found out that this was a false alarm. All of the men in our company have come in except four or five. I suppose they will come in during the day unless they are prisoners, for none of our men were killed when I left them. Capt. Brem’s Artillery was cut almost all to pieces, I understand, and their guns taken. We had 16 pieces of artillery and lost nearly everyone of them. We lost under 50 men killed, among them Lt. Col. Hoke 33rd Reg’t and between 50 and 100 wounded. The loss of the enemy was 500 or 600. We took one or two prisoners. I do not know how many prisoners they took. I lost every thing I had except my uniform that I have got on and my overcoat. I do not know whether Aleck escaped or not as I left him at our camp when we went to the entrenchments and I have not seen or heard of him since except that he came over to Newberne soon yesterday morning. I got here about 12 o’clock last night and went up to Uncle John’s and got a pretty good night’s rest. I did not sleep more than one hour and a half in the 48 hours before that and was wet to the skin nearly all the time. I have got along pretty well but am so tired and broken down now that I can hardly stand. I wish you would send me two shirts (check) two pair of drawers and two or three pair of socks for I have not had on any clean clothes in a week and am as dirty as a hog and have no clothes to change. I would write more but am so tired and broken down that I can hardly stand. I will write again perhaps tomorrow. Love to all. I hope to see you again some of these days. Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 119 Kinston March 19th 1862 My Dear MotTHErR I received the box of provisions you sent me by Aleck Kirk- land to day and am very much obliged, for we were without anything to eat and I was living around promiscously. The blankets and comforter also were very acceptable, for I have been sleeping on the floor with a carpet bag for a pillow and instead of undressing to go to bed I put on my overcoat which was all the bedclothes I had, but I have become accustomed to rough living during the last week. I have not had my clothes off since last Wednesday night except last Friday night when I stayed at Uncle John’s. I could have gotten a very good bed at Uncle John’s all the time, but thought it best to be near our Regiment so as to be ready at any time if we were called on. We will get into our tents in a few more days and then we will be better fixed. The fight we had the other day has taught me one thing and that is never to carry anything more with me than I absolutely need and can carry on my back in case of necessity. It will not do to try to play soldier and gentleman at the same time. In order to be a soldier you must take it rough. Our men are pretty well rested and ready and I might even say, anxious to be at the enemy again in order to wipe out the re- membrance of the run we made. They all say they would rather die than run from the Yankees again. It is a wonder the Yankees did not take us all for they had 27,000 and we only about 4,000. Anything sent to our company would be acceptable, but Capt. Webb requested me to say to you that the Quarter Master had supplied our men or would supply them with clothing in a day or two. I saw brother Joe & Willie today. They are both very well. Willie did not reach here till Sunday morning. Just before the battle one of his men remarked “that it was a right big fight when three or four men got to fighting, but he did not know how it would be when three or four thousand got at it.” 120 JAMES SPRUNT HIsTorRIcAL STUDIES We do not know what was the loss in killed or wounded on either side yet. Col. C. M. Avery (33rd Regt) was taken pris- oner and Major Carmichael (26th Regt) killed. We lost only one man in our company. He was taken prisoner. His name was Weinand a dutch man who joined us just before we left Hills- boro. I do not know how long we will stay here or what we will do. There is nothing new. As it is past Bed time I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp SOUTHWEST March 31st 1862 Dear MoTHER As Mr. Dickson is going up in the morning I will write by him, though there is nothing to write about here. We are camped about four miles below Kinston on the bank of South- west Creek and near Southwest meeting house, an ironside bap- tist church. We had two sermons there yesterday by Mr Faucett a pres- byterian preacher from Oxford. We left Camp Blackjack on Friday morning and came to Kinston where we stayed until Saturday evening when we came to this place. I received your letter and bundle on Saturday and sent brother Joe’s and Willie’s things to them yesterday. Willie is about two miles from us, but brother Joe is still above Kinston. He is in the second Brigade and Willie and I are in the first. If you send me anything to eat please send very little for we are allowed to carry only a small amount of baggage and I have already nearly as much as I am allowed. I will send my white shirts home as I do not want them here and two will be as much as I want with the brown one and the linsey one you sent me. Our company will be out on the 20th of April I understand and I hope to be at home at that time, but I want to see the Yankees once more before that time and run them and see if it ——————ee THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 121 won't feel better to run after them than to have them running after us. I heard a day or two ago that we killed and wounded 4700 of them at the battle of Newbern, but I think it must be somewhat exaggerated. Our loss as far as I can hear is 45 killed 70 wounded and 202 prisoners. I have not time to write more. Love to all. Direct your letters to me at Kinston (care of Capt. Webb Co G 27th Regt) Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM KINSTON May 14th 1862 My Dear MoTHER I intended to have written to you before this, but I was away from Camp all last week about 16 miles below here and since I have been back I have hardly had time to write and besides I have been so lazy that I could hardly do anything at all. We had a fine time last week working all day and sleeping on the ground at night without any tent. We are camped near Kinston in a large old field without a single tree for shade and have to take the sun in all its force and indeed it is very hot in the middle of the day. I hope that we will be moved somewhere in the woods where we can get some shade, for it will be too hot to stay in this old field all the summer. I think that Willie has returned from Picket, but I have not seen him since you were here. Brother Joe has been moved up near Goldsboro. His company is now attached to the 4th Brigade. I heard a day or two ago that Capt. Brem had offered his resignation and recommended brother Joe for Capt. of his company. I am glad to hear that Johnny has succeeded in raising his company. There is nothing new about here. Everything is as dull as can be. Please send me a hat number 6 7/8 or 7—about the color of the one brother Joe has—a sort of a grey or brownish. As it is after bed time I will close Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM 122 JAMES SpRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES Near RicHMonD Va June 3d 1862 My Dear MoTHER We reached Richmond about 12 o’clock on Sunday having travelled all the day and night before. We have been walking nearly all the time since, sleeping on the ground at night, and reached our present camp about dark last night. We have not been in the fight at all yet, though we thought that we would certainly be in it yesterday. Our forces have got a great deal the advantage of the enemy so far driving them back in every encounter. Gen. Pettigrew is reported killed also Col. Lightfoot, Col. Pender and Lt. Col. J. O. Long. The loss on both sides is heavy, but ours is not so heavy as the enemy’s. Several North Carolina Reg’ts have been engaged and in every case did honor to the Old North State. As far as I can learn the North Carolinians have done the hardest of the fighting. I have been suffering with a pretty bad headache for the last day or two, but hope to get rid of it in a short while. There is no news that I can tell. I will write as often as I can, but doubt very much whether I can send my letters off; for I heard yes- terday that no mail would leave here soon but I suppose that must be a mistake and that letters will be allowed to go. I think that Brother Joe’s battery is here, but have not seen him. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate son James A. GRAHAM RICHMOND VA June Sth 1862 My Dear MotTHER It has been raining almost ever since we have been here and looks as though it would continue. It does not rain very much in the day, but I don’t think has missed a single night since we have been in Virginia. I have THE JAMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 123 been a little unwell and suffering with cold ever since we left Kinston, and as our tents afforded so little real protection I have been staying in Richmond for the last three days, but expect to be able to go to camp again in a very few days or as soon as it gets somewhat dry, for I cannot stand sleeping on the wet ground. I am staying at the Richmond house—a very good and quiet place near the Capitol Square. There are some few of our men sick, but not very many. J heard yesterday that Gen. Pettigrew, Col. Lightfoot and Lt. Col. Long were not killed, as at first reported, but wounded and taken prisoners. We also heard yesterday that Gen. Stonewall Jackson had attacked and whipped Gen. Shields of the Yankee army taking at one time 705 prisoners and at another 400 prisoners. There is nothing more to write. I hardly know where to tell you to direct your letters for we stay in one place so short a time. I can tell better when I write next time. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM PRINCE GEORGE CouNTy VA July 11th 1862 My Dear MoTHER I have just received your very welcome letter dated June 30th. Somehow or other letters coming from Hillsboro are al- most always delayed some eight or ten days. We are now about twenty or twenty five miles below Petersburg having left camp at Drury’s Bluff last Sunday. We will go back to camp in about a week or a little more I expect, as we left all our tents and baggage at camp. I would write a great deal oftener, while there is so much excitement in the country, were it not that we are on the march nearly all the time and we have little or no chance to write for we very seldom stop within reaching dis- tance of a town or Post office. I will write as often as I can, but you need not be uneasy about me; for I will certainly write if Iam wounded or have it arranged so that you can hear if any- 124 JAMES SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES thing worse befalls me. We have only been in one little brush and got one pretty good shelling from the Yankee gun boats, but none of our men were hurt at all. If you hear anybody in- quiring about the members of our company tell them that they are all well and none of them hurt. I will try to comply with your request about the use of tobacco. I have quite chewing and will try to quit smoking also. I do not use near as much tobacco as I used to. Last Monday was my birthday—July 7th—I was then 21 and on that day I made a resolve to quite chewing to- bacco if possible and I have stuck to it since then and hope that I may continue to do so. It has been raining almost ever since yesterday morning, but our men have fixed up shelters to keep off the rain and are quite comfortably fixed. I have been very well except the diarrhoea. I have been suffering with that for a short time but not enough to make me any ways sick. If you see Mrs Woods tell her that her son is well and not hurt. He has written home since your letter was written. You need not be- lieve any reports you hear about our company, for if all the reports that have been started about us in Richmond were so we would have all been dead long ago although we have been in none of the real fighting. There is no news. Love to all. When you write direct your letters as heretofore. Your Affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp LEE NEAR PETERSBURG July 16th 1862 My Dear MoTHER We arrived at this place on Monday having been on the march for eight days, or rather we were not on the march more than four or five days; but we were out of camp for eight days. We were in one little brush and got shelled by the gunboats, but nobody was hurt on our side. It was our company together with three other companies of our Reg’t & one Georgia com- pany and Brem’s battery and one Virginia battery that fired into the Yankee transport “Daniel Webster” about a week ago and THE JAmMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 125 of which I expect you have seen accounts in the newspapers before this. It was reported that we almost ruined the vessel putting a hole through her boiler and killing several on board of her. I think that we will stay at this camp for some time, but we cannot tell for we don’t know now that we will stay in any one place any length of time. I received the box you sent by Lt. Whitted and it came very opportunely for we had been living on fat meat and crackers for about a week before. My shoes are full large in fact rather too large. I want to have another pair made, but as I understand Mr Parks will be on here in a few days I will wait until he comes and let him take my measure to foot a pair of boots for me, for I like boots better than shoes for marching especially if it is muddy and we have had some pretty tough marching to do in the mud. I wish you would have me another pair of grey pants made if you can get any cloth that is fit for it. Let Carmichael cut them by the same measure as the last pair he cut for me; in February I think it was; the uniform that was given to us. I wish you would ask Father if I am entitled to vote this year as I have not paid any tax and there is no chance for me to pay it here or if I am to pay my tax and vote I would be glad if he would pay it for me as there is nobody here for me to pay it to. One of the members of our company named Piland, from about Chapel Hill, died at the hospital in Petersburg last Sun- day of brain fever. We left him there when we passed through Petersburg the Monday before and when we returned last Mon- day we found that he was dead and buried. He was one of our recruits, a splendid soldier, and a consistent Christian. He was buried in the Cemetary and I have had his grave marked so that his friends can find it if they should desire to carry his remains home. I have not time to write more. Direct your letters to me at Camp Lee Near Petersburg Va Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM 126 James Sprunt Historicat STuDIES Camp LEE Va July 21st 1862 My Dear MotTHER I received your very welcome letter four or five days ago, also the other things sent by Capt. Webb I have not used the flannel bandage as I was nearly well when I received it. It is too large but I can sew it up and make it smaller. I will keep it and use it whenever I have need of it. You said in your letter that you wished I could get a fur- lough and come home for a while. There will be no chance to get a furlough before the winter. I hope to be able to get home about Christmas or the Ist of January but not before. Cousin Julia Smith is in Petersburg. I saw her and Capt. Smith today. Capt. Smith is in the 45th N.C. Reg’t I believe I heard today that brother Joe’s battery had moved to Drury’s Bluff. They have been camped on the other side of Petersburg about three miles from us for about a week. I have not seen brother Joe since he came from home. There is no news about here. As it is bed time I will close. I will send this by Walter Thompson who leaves on the early train in the morning. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp LEE July 25th 1862 My Dear MoTHER I send you by Mr H. Whitted, who leaves in the morning, one of my coats and the blue pr of pants you brought to me at Kinston. I will not need them as I have got a new uniform. My old one was beginning to look so shabby after these marches that I thought I had better get a new one and keep my old one to wear on the marches. It costs me $105 rather a high price, but every thing is very high. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 127 Perhaps these clothes I send home will fit Robert. I would like to keep the blue pants as we can’t get any cloth near as good here, but they are too short for me and I expect will fit Robert very well. I received the pants sent by Mr. Carmichael. They fit very well. I wish you would send me some potatoes and other vege- tables whenever you get a chance for we have to pay exorbitant prices for every thing here. There is no news. We hear little or nothing of what is going on elsewhere, though we get the papers every day. I have entirely recovered from my diarrhoea at last and am fattening every day. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp LEE Aug sth 1862 My Dear MoTHER As Mr Webb is going home this evening I will write by him. I wish you would make me two flannel undershirts if you can get any flannel in Hillsboro, for I will need them this winter and I expect flannel is cheaper now than it will be then. The weather for the last two or three days has been very warm. I think yesterday was the hottest day I ever felt and it is not much cooler to-day. I directed the Petersburg Express to be sent to you last Monday. When you write please let me know whether it comes regularly or not. Enclosed you will find the receipt for it for one year. There is no news here Everything seems to be at a stand still. The Richmond papers yesterday gave an account of an engage- ment at Malvern Hills in which our troops were driven back. The papers this morning say that an engagement is imminent between Jackson and Pope somewhere about Gordonsville and seemed to think that they would be fighting today. Capt. Webb 128 James Sprunt Historicat STupDIEs has gone to Raleigh after conscripts for our Reg’t and may pos- sibly visit Hillsboro before he returns. I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate son James A. GRAHAM Brvouac Near RICHMOND Aug 23d 1862 My Dear MoTHER We leit our camp near Petersburg about daylight last Wed- nesday morning and arrived here the next day. We leit our tents at Petersburg as we did not know how far we were going. I do not know how long we will stay here, but expect that we will camp somewhere near here. As soon as we go into camp I will write to you and let you know where we are. When you write direct your letters to Richmond for they will be sent to us if Wwe move away from here. It is reported this morning that the Yankee Gen. Pope is retreating and that Gen. Jackson is pur- suing him up the valley. I will send this by Mr. Allen Brown who is here on a visit. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Rapipan STATION Aug 31st 1862 My Dear MoTHER I expected that we would have left this place before now but we have been laying here waiting orders. This is the prettiest country I ever saw. We are about thirty or forty miles south- east, of the Blue Ridge and in full view of the mountains. We will leave this place tomorrow morning to join the rest of the army. I heard yesterday that Gen. Jackson had whipped Pope again at Manassas or Bull Run and it is thought that they THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 129 will have a big fight somewhere in that part of the country today or tomorrow. There is little or no news here. We do not see a newspaper oftener than about once a week. When you write direct your letters Ligut. JAMES A. GRAHAM Co. G 27th Regt N. C. Troops Walker’s Brigade Richmond Va and they will be forwarded to us from Richmond. I will write to you when we get to Washington City or Baltimore. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp Near MartTINsBuRG VA Sept 21st 1862 My Dear MoTHER I would have written before this but we have been on the march ever since we left Rapidan Station and I have had no chance to send a letter. We have been marching every day this Month and several times we have marched all night. We were at Har- per’s Ferry when it was taken, but our Reg’t was not engaged. Our Reg’t was in the fight at Sharpsburg Md. last Wednesday (17th) and lost nearly 200 men killed and wounded. I escaped without a single scratch. Our company lost 3 killed and 20 wounded. The killed are W. J. Hopkins, J. I. Jackson & O. A. Watson. The wounded are Lt. J. Y. Whitted in leg Serg’t Car- michael in leg severe Capt. R. Richards in hand very slight Private F. P. Clark in leg slight C. S. Cooley in arm slight, L. Dunnegan in head slight, J. N. Faucett in thigh severe L. Hall in shoulder very slight, J. A. Hayes in face slight, Merritt in stomach severe, J. Miles thigh slight A. N. Paul in arm slight. W. T. Patterson in leg since amputated, W. T. Shields in thigh severe, Sneed in foot slight, Terry in head slight, D. Thompson in neck slight, Walker in arm severe, J. R. Whitted in shoulder slight, G. W. Woods in both thighs very severe. J. L. Cooley is 130 JaMeEs Sprunt HistToricAL STUDIES missing but I hope may yet come up safe. Lt. Whitted fell into the hands of the enemy and I was in charge of the company during the remainder of the fight as Lt. Dickson was sick and Capt. Webb in Raleigh. It was the hottest time I ever saw and I am very thankful that I came out unhurt for I hardly thought I could escape where so many were falling. Our Reg’t took a battery from the enemy and in fact covered themselves with honor. No troops could display more cool determination & bravery than they did. Four of our men viz Shields, W. T. Patterson, Merritt, & G. W. Woods were left in the hospital on the other side of the river when we crossed to this side and fell into the hands of the enemy, but they will be well cared for as our Surgeon stayed with them. The rest of our company are getting along very well. There is no news. I will write as often as I can and if I should get hurt will get somebody to write for me. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Please send the enclosed note to Mr Heartt Camp Near WINCHESTER Sept 29, 1862 DEAR MoTHER Our Regiment has been on the march ever since we left Rapidan (Sept 1), with the exception of four or five days last week when we were camped near Martinsburg Va. We went from Rapidan via Culpepper court house, Warrenton, Manas- sass and Leesburg to Fredericksburg Md., then recrossed the Potomac and came to Harpers Ferry, were there the day after its capture, then we crossed the Potomac at Shepardston and proceeded to Sharpsburg Md. and were engaged in the battle there on the 17th. Our Regiment went into the fight with 299 men and 26 officers, was engaged for 7 hours and lost 187 men and 16 officers killed and wounded. Our men behaved very well and were highly commended by every General on the field and Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 131 Gen. Lee said that a charge our two regiments made, changed the fortunes of the day. During the hottest part of the fight the enemy brought two artillery pieces 250 or 300 yds of us. Col. Cooke ordered our company and three others to fire upon them and before their could get their pieces into action we had killed every horse hitched to them and half the men. Our two regi- ments were then ordered to charge. This we did with a yell and the army opposed to us (34th N. Y. and 126th Pa.) ran like sheep. We pursued them for about half a mile, when, seeing we were not supported by other forces and our ammunition was getting low so we retreated in good order. We feel sure that if we had been supported we would have carried the day because we made a hole in the enemys fortifications. .. . [UNSIGNED ] Camp NEAR WINCHESTER VA Sept 29th 1862 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of 14th inst, two days ago enclosing the letter to Gen. Jackson, which I will hand to him if we are camped anywhere within reach of him again. We were within about a mile of his camp all last week near martins- burg, but we were moved down here two days ago and I do not know where his corps is camped now. Speaking of my getting a higher position I think that our Colonel stands a very good chance for promotion to a Brig. Gen’ship, as there are several vacancies now, and I feel pretty certain that I will be on his staff if he is promoted. Our Reg’t has been on the march ever since we leit Rapidan (Sept Ist) with the exception of four or five days last week when we were camped near Martinsburg Va. We went from Rapidan via Culpepper C. H. Warrenton Manassas & Lees- burg to Frederick City, Md. then recrossing the Potomac we came to Harper’s Ferry and were there when it surrendered. We left there the day after its capture and crossing the Potomac again at Shepherdstown proceeded to Sharpsburg Md and were hoz James Sprunt Historica STUDIES engaged in the battle there on the 17th. Our Reg’t went into the fight with 299 men and 26 officers, were engaged for 7 hours and lost 187 men & 16 officers killed & wounded. Our men be- haved very well and we were very highly complimented by every Gen. on the field. Our Col. (Cooke) commanded our Right and the 3d Ark. Reg’t and Gen. Lee said that a charge that our two Reg’ts made changed the fortunes of the day. During the hottest part of the fight the enemy brought up two pieces of artillery to within 250 or 300 yards of us, Col. Cooke ordered our Company and three other Cos on the left to fire upon them and before they could get their pieces into action we had killed every horse hitched to them and about half the men. Our two Reg’ts were then ordered to charge. This we did with a yell and the enemy opposed to us (34th N. Y. & 125th Pa Reg’ts) ran like sheep. We pursued them for nearly half a mile when seeing that we were not supported by other forces and our ammunition giving out we were ordered to fall back to our original position. This we did in good order and maintaining our position there during the remainder of the day. If we had only been supported by the rest of our troops we would have carried the day before us for we broke their lines completely. We lay on the battle field all that night and the next day and the next night were ordered to fall back to this side of the river. The enemy no doubt will claim a great victory there, but they did not get it, for they were driven back both on the right and left and we held our own in the centre or rather drove them back a little. Lt. Jas. Y. Whitted was wounded and taken prisoner when we fell back from our charge and I was in command of our Co. during the rest of the fight as Lt. Dickson was sick and Capt. Webb in Raleigh, I have heard since that Lt. Whitted’s leg has been amputated, but do not know whether it is so or not. Our Co went into the fight with 29 men and lost 23, but several of our wounded have since returned to duty—as they were only slightly wounded and a good many of our sick having gotten well and come in we now number 45. THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 133 Among the officers killed in our Regt was Capt. Wm Adams a son of Mr Peter Adams of Greensboro and Capt. who was formerly a cadet at Col. Tew’s school. Gen. L. O’B Branch and Col. Tew were also killed. The Yankee papers admit a loss of 13 Gens. killed & wounded. I have seen no official account of the loss on either side but feel certain from what I saw of the battle field that the enemy’s loss far exceeded ours. I escaped without a single scratch. The balls seemed to hit all around me as thick as hail, but fortunately they missed me. Please get a pair of my old bootlegs at home and have Parks to foot them for me, for I will need boots this winter if we stay in this part of the country. Tell him to make them ¥% size smaller than the last pr of shoes he made for me last June or July. Please send them to me as soon as he can fix them or by the first person coming up this way. We have had two or three pretty heavy frosts during the last week and the nights are quite cool, but it is still right warm in the middle of the day. Cap. Webb caught up with us about four days ago and brought me a letter from Mother. Tell Mother that I will write to her in a few days. Ask Mother please to have me some yarn socks knit, for they will be better than cotton socks in this part of the country. I will write as often as I can. Love to all. Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NrEar WINCHESTER VA Oct 2d 1862 My Dear MoTHER As Mr. Cohen is going to Raleigh in the morning and per- haps to Hillsboro I will write by him. We have been here since Saturday night, but I do not know how long we will stay for we are liable to move at any time. All of our wounded men are getting along very well and several of them who were only slightly wounded have returned to duty with the company. I heard this evening that Serg’t Carmichael (a son of Mr Car- michael the tailor) had died of his wounds. He was left at the 134 JAMES SPRUNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES hospital at Sharpsburg when we fell back to this side of the river. We can hear nothing at all of Lieut. Whitted who was wounded & taken or of Jim Cooley who was missing. I wish that you would send me by Mr Cohen when he re- turns, or by the first person you see coming direct to our Reg’t two or three pairs of yarn socks, two prs of drawers & two undershirts, for I have lost a part of my underclothing. I hardly know how. I have enough to get along with for a while, but » will need more before long for it will soon be cold up here. In my letter to Father last Monday I asked him to send a pair of my old boots to Parks to foot for me. I wish them made ¥4 size smaller than the last pair of shoes he made for me last June. I wish them made stout with broad flat heels. Please send them by Mr Cohen when he returns. There is no news. Everything seems to be at a stand about here. I saw Capt. Avery, who married Cousin Sue Morrison, a day or two ago. Also Capt. Sam Kirkland. They have both lately returned from home. I hope to get a furlough and come home once more when we get into winter quarters, but I do not know when that will be. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. If you see Mrs. Woods tell her that her son George is getting along very well. He is the same one you wrote me about while we were at Petersburg. He was quite badly wounded, but I heard from him this evening and he is improving very fast. Tell Leah that Alex is getting along very well and is becom- ing quite a good cook. Please send me some shirts & a pr of pants for him Your &c J. A. GRAHAM THE JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 135 Camp Near WINCHESTER VA Oct 19th 1862 My Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter of the 11th inst yester- day evening. We are still about four or five miles from Winchester, but I do not know how long we will stay here. The nights are be- coming quite cool and we have had several very heavy frosts lately, but it is still warm in the middle of the day. I suppose you have seen the accounts in the papers of Gen. Stuart’s trip into Pennsylvania and around the Yankee lines. We get the Richmond papers pretty regularly now; about three days after they are published; and get all our news from them, even about our own movements, for we know very little of what is going on in the army except in our own Reg’t or Brigade. We received the news yesterday evening of Bragg’s glorious victory in Kentucky. I hope that the papers tomorrow may confirm it. I have been suffering a little with diarrhoea lately, but am nearly well of it now. We are living now on fresh beef and bread. It isa hard matter to buy anything in this country, for it is nearly cleared of all eatables; as either our army or the Yankee army have been occupying it nearly all the time since the war commenced. There is no news. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Bivouac NEAR PETERSBURG Jan 9th 1863 My Dear MotTHer I received your very welcome letter sent by Chas. Cooley on the 3d inst while on the march, also received the one sent by Capt. Whitted last night. We reached this place day before yesterday evening pretty well tired down, having marched from Fredericksburg in four 136." James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES days and a half. Where we will go now or what we will do I do not know, but it is pretty generally supposed that we will go to North Carolina. I hope we will go there for I would rather drive the Yankees away from there than anywhere else. The box containing my uniform has been lost. Mr. Parks brought it to Richmond with him and not being able to get it through left it with Mr. Cheek with instructions to send it home if he could get no chance to send it on. He sent it to Hillsboro and it was started again by Walter Thompson. He lost it in Raleigh as he came on. He told me that he would use every endeavor to recover it, but I am afraid that it is a poor chance. I wish you would have me a pair of pants made by the measure left with Carmichael when I was at home last. I will wait a while before I will have another coat made. Please have my pants made as soon as you can for I need them pretty badly. I have asked Aleck the questions you wrote. He says that no- body was up in the Red house when he left to go to the depot- Richard was sitting up in a chair asleep, but nobody was awake. He says that he saw no one come out of the House. He saw Rhoda out in the yard when he went to the house. He says that Haywood and Edmund left the lot and went off in the early part of the night and that he did not see them afterwards. They were not there when he went to the depot and he did not see them till next morning. I hope that if our house was set afire the guilty one may be found out and punished. Say to Aunt Eliza that I am very much obliged to her for the jar of pickles sent by Capt. Whitted. In your letter of Dec 29th you said that you were afraid I was using too much tobacco. L think that I use less tobacco now than I have done heretofore. My health is very good now except a little cold. We had a slight fall of snow last night but it is nearly all melted already. Tell Willie that I will write to him in a day or two. There is no news. I will write again as soon as I find out where we are going. Love to all. Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 137 Camp Near SoutH WasHINcTON, N. C. Jan 30th 1863 My Dear MorHer As Mr Hall is going up in the morning I will write by him. I received a letter from Father this evening dated Raleigh Jan 20th. The weather for the past two days has been clear and it is almost the only clear weather we have seen since we left Golds- boro. We are camped in a pine thicket and have to burn pine wood, as any other sort is very scarce about here, and conse- quently get smoked as black as can be. Sometimes it seems al- most impossible to tell whether some of the men are white or black they get smoked so. If you have enough of that cloth left, like that my coat was made of which was sent by Walter Thompson and which he lost, I wish you would let me have it and let Carmichael make me another coat by the same measure he made that. If you have the cloth please have it made at once, as I have no uniform coat at all, and send it to me by the first person com- ing to our Reg’t who will take care of it. Please send me also 2 prs drawers, 2 shirts & 2 prs socks. Somebody stole a part of my clothing while it was coming on from Virginia in the wagons. I am very glad that they did not take either one of my knit undershirts. I think that I have entirely recovered my health and am as fleshy now as I ever was. I think I will be able to get a furlough about the latter part of February as Dickson’s time comes be- fore mine and it will be a week or so before he can get his. There is no news at all in this part of the world. Everything is as dull as can be. When you write direct your letters Lr. Jas. A. GRAHAM Co. G. 27th: Rese NGI: Cooke’s Brigade via Goldsboro I ai@e 138 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES Johnny & Robert are in Gen. Ransom’s Brigade near Kenans- ville I believe. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. 3lst As Mr Hall did not leave this morning I will send my letter by mail. Please knit me another undershirt for some- body stole one of mine out of the tub when I sent it out to wash yesterday. It seems that a soldier will steal anything— VYouts Jit.1G. CooSAWHATCHIE So. Ca. Mar 2d 1863 My Dear MoTHER We are now down in the swamps and rice lands of eastern “Carolina’. I believe that we are in Beaufort Districts. We left Charleston a week ago this morning and arrived at Pocotaligo that evening, stayed there till Wednesday when we started for this place and reached here Wednesday evening. This is the low- est and swampiest country I ever saw. We can hear the enemy’s big guns almost every day. George Washington is Aid-de-Camp to Gen. W. S. Walker who is in command down here. We have at last got tents enough for the men, for the first time since last August. I have had a tent for the last two weeks and it is the first time I have been in a tent since we left Rich- mond on the Maryland march last summer. There is no news at all. I must close to be in time for the mail. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P.S. Direct your letters via Charleston S. C. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 139 CoosAWHATCHIE S, C, March 15th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of the 7th inst. two or three days ago. We are still down here in the swamps, but I hope will not have to stay here this summer, for; although it is very healthy now; it must certainly be very sickly during the summer months. The health of our Reg’t is better now than it has been dur- ing the past year. I have not visited Charleston yet, but, if I do go there at any time, will certainly call on the gentlemen you mentioned in your letter. The enemy seem to be keeping pretty still, at least about this part of the country, but there is no telling at what time they will make a movement. I think that we will be able to with- stand them if they come up here; for we are very well fixed up for a fight. I see from the papers some days ago that Gen. Burnsides has been assigned to the command of the Yankee forces in this department. It seems that our Reg’t meets him wherever we go, for, in every fight that we have been in yet, we have met him. There is no news at all downhere. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM CoosAWHATCHIE S. C. March 22d 1863 My Dear MoTHER I received a letter from Father, sent by one of our men, a few days ago. We are having a very fine time down here with the gnats and sandflies. Some days they bite very bad, and I expect that we will have mosquitoes by the bushel in a few more weeks. The weather for the past three or four days has been very cold for this season of the year and this with the rain that has fallen 140 JaMEs SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES for two days renders it quite disagreeable, but the sun has come out today and it is a good deal warmer. I wish you would send me a box of eatables about the mid- dle of next month, as there will be an opportunity of sending it then. Rev, T. L. Troy comes to our Brigade once a month and will bring boxes for any one living on the N.C. R. R. or W & W.R. R. He will start on the 15th of next month; so that if you will have a box ready and send it to the Depot on the even- ing of the 14th he will bring it. Have the box weighed and the weight marked on it. Have the box marked Lr. J. A. GRAHAM Co. G. 27th N. C. Troops Cooke’s Brigade Care of Rev. T. L. Troy: It would be better not to send much cooked provisions as the box may be four or five days on the road. Mr Troy has a separate car and calls at all the Depots for boxes that may be there. Please send me a big cake and a bottle or two of brandy as the water we have to drink down here is enough to make almost any body sick. My health has been very good so far and I am as heavy, if not heavier, than I ever was before. There is no news. The papers give us very slim accounts of Gen. Hill’s advance on Newberne. I wish that we could take that place from the Yankees. It is but little over a year ago since they made us leave it. The Yankees seem to be keeping very quiet now, but there is no telling how soon they may make a start some where. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 141 CooSAWHATCHIE So. Ca. March 29th 1863 My Dear MoTHER I received the Jacket, you sent, yesterday; but do not know who brought it as I was away from Camp when it came. I was at work all day yesterday building a bridge and the gnats and sandflies were so bad on the river bank that we had to build up fires and work in the smoke to keep them off. In front of al- most every house about here you see a stand built up and cov- ered over with dirt. I could not imagine at first what they were used for ; but, on inquiring, found out that the people here build fires of pine knots on them to draw the mosquitoes &c, &c out of the house. We have had very pretty weather for the past week, but this morning it commenced raining and looks now as though it had set in for a long wet spell; but I hope not. Have you heard from Willie lately? I wrote to him soon after we came to this place to get me some cloth, for a uniform, in Richmond and have not heard from him since. I will send one of my coats home by the first opportunity as I do not need two coats and a Jacket in camp and would have no way of carrying it if we were on the march, but I do not think we will have much marching to do as long as we stay in this country. There is no news at all. Everything seems to be at a stand still. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. I have just father’s letter of the 26th inst sent by Mr Thompson, also the papers for which I am much obliged as it is a very hard matter for us to get either papers or news down here. I will write to Father in a day or two. Yours &c aes 142 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES CoosAWHATCHIE, S. C. April 12th 1863 My Dear MoTHER I expected when I last wrote that we would have left this place before this time, but the fight at Charleston has come off and we were not there as I expected. I need not give you an account of the fight at Charleston; for you have no doubt seen as full accounts of it in the papers as we have. We had a little fun down here a few days ago. A Yankee gun boat came up the Coosaw river and our battery with one or two other batteries from Pocotaligo were sent down to take it. After firing a few rounds at it the Yankees run up the white flag set the boat afire and took to the swamp on the other side of the river. We got three prisoners off the burning boat, all of them badly wounded. Our Regt was not with the batteries al- though we were packed up and expected to go. We have been under marching orders and ready to move for the past four or five days, but I expect we will not move from here now until the enemy attack Charleston again. I had a letter from Willie a few days ago. He says that he will let me have enough of the cloth that he got for himself to make me a uniform coat, as I have not been able to get any cloth down here. I wish that you would send me a pr of pants for Aleck by the first opportunity. There is nothing new. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Please direct your letters to Pocotaligo instead of Coosa- whatchie as I will get them sooner in that way. I have not had a letter from you or Father either since March 26th. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 143 Camp Near WILMINGTON, N.C. April 26th 1863 My Dear MoTHER We left Coosawhatchie last Thursday and reached Wilming- ton yesterday evening. I am glad that we have got back to North Carolina again and hope that we will stay here some time. We are camped about three miles south of Wilmington on the Cape Fear river. I met Johnny in town yesterday. He told me that he had been here about a month on a Court Martial. Has Willie sent any cloth to you for me? If he has please send it to me by the first opportunity and I will have my coat made in Wilmington. I received my box when we got to Charles- ton Thursday night and am very much obliged. It came in a very good time, for we were nearly out of anything good to eat at that time. I received your letter from Einhart Place the day before we left Coosawhatchie. It was the first letter I have had from home since March 26th. If we stay here any length of time I will try to get a fur- lough and come home. There is no news. Direct your letters to Wilmington. Love to all. Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM WitminctTon No. Ca. May 3d 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of Ap’l 23d also the one sent by Mr. Thompson two or three days ago. I received the box sent by Mr Troy as we came through Charleston on our way to this place. Mr Thompson brought the bag of hominy when he came, also the bundle containing a pair of pants for Alex &c. I have seen Johnny several times since we have been here. I was in Wilmington today and heard Bishop Atkinson preach, 144 James Sprunt HistortcaL STUDIES I expect that we will leave here in a day or two and go to Magnolia on the W & W. R. R. as Clingman’s Brigade arrived here today and it is our luck to keep moving. Capt. Whitted’s resignation has been accepted and Dickson is now Capt. of our Co. Iam Ist Lieut. R. D. Patterson has been elected 3d Lieut. I will send by Capt. Whitted a coat which I have no need for now. Has Willie sent any cloth home for me? There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM GotpsBoro No. Ca May 10th 1863 My Dear MorTuHER We left Wilmington last Monday and came up to Magnolia, stayed there till Thursday when we took the train for this place. We are camped two miles from Goldsboro on the Rail Road to Kinston. I have no idea how long we will stay here or where we will go when we leave, but I suppose will either go to Kin- ston or Fredericksburg wherever we are most needed. Cousin Sue Avery is in Goldsboro. I went to see her a day or two ago. She sends her best love to you. I was in Goldsboro today and heard the Rev. Mr Mangum from Orange preach a very good sermon. We get news from the battle at Fredericksburg very slowly. I heard yesterday that Matt. Manly was killed in that battle. If you can get any good grey cloth in Hillsboro please have me a pair of pants made. Let Carmichael cut them by the same meas- ure as the last ones he cut for me. There is not a bit of news here. Love to all. Direct your letters to Goldsboro. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 145 Camp Near KINSTON May 26th 1863 My Dear MoTHER We have just returned from a trip after the Yankees. Last Friday morning we received orders to be ready to march and about eleven o’clock we left camp and started in the direction of Gum Swamp, on the road to Newbern, where it was reported that our forces were engaged with the Yankees. Soon after we started I heard that the enemy had surrounded and taken the whole of the 56th Reg’t and a part of the 25th Reg’t also. I met some of those Reg’ts soon after and found out the 25th Reg’t had escaped and also part of the 56th, but could hear nothing of Robert except that he was very likely taken prisoner. About five or six miles from Kinston our Brigade formed line of battle and commenced advancing on the Yankees who had already taken the back track toward Newbern. We caught up with the Yanks after a short while and had a little skirmish- ing and artillery firing with them, but they soon skedaddled and we followed right on their track. We kept the chase up till about midnight skirmishing with them whenever we could catch up with them and trying our artillery on them when they were too far for our rifles. Their artillery would reply once in a while. Next morning we came up with them at Core Creek, drove their pickets across the creek and followed them till night, driving them as far as Batchelor’s Creek about 8 miles from Newbern, and then started on our return. We reached Camp yesterday morning pretty well tired and as dirty and black a set as I ever saw. I was not with the Reg’t on the march as I was act’g as ordnance Officer for Gen’! Cook and had to follow in the rear with the Ordnance train. Our Company lost no men at all and our Brigade very few, although we were in front all the time, for it was a hard matter to get up with the Yanks and they always ran whenever we fired on them. I met Robert yesterday morning as we came to 146 James SpruntT HistToricat STUDIES camp. He got out all safe after laying in the swamp some time. Lt. Ray, the lst Lt. of his company, was wounded and taken prisoner I understand. Johnny told me that 19 of his men were taken. We are camped about 3 or 4 miles from Kinston in the same camp we occupied a little over a year ago. I think we will very likely stay here some time. I must close. Love to all. Write soon Your affectionate son James A. GRAHAM P. S. I have seen Uncle James Bryan several times since we have been at Kinston but have not seen Uncle John yet, as we started on this trip just about the time he came home. Your &c Ae Camp JOHNSTON NEAR KINSTON June 3d 1863 My Dear MoTHER Our Reg’t leaves for Virginia tomorrow morning. J had hoped that we would stay in this part of the country some time but we are now ordered to Petersburg. I do not know whether we will stay at Petersburg or go to Northern Virginia and I do not much care; for when we once get started I am willing to go most anywhere. I send you a measure, enclosed, for Austin Whitted to make me a pair of boots by. I wish that you would have them made as soon as possible, for these I now have are almost completely worn out. Let him make the fronts of the calfskin I got when I was at home and he can furnish the leather for the backs and soles. The shortest notch on this measure is for the toes, the next for the instep and the length of the foot and the longest for the heels. Please send my boots to me as soon as made for I need them very much. —_—er. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 147 There is no news at all. I will write to you again as soon as we get to a stopping place. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp BELow RICHMOND June 14th 1863 My Dear MoTHER Since we left North Carolina we have been pretty much on the move all the time. We went first to Richmond and, from all we could hear, I expected we would stay there a week or two at least, but last Wednesday morning about daybreak we took the cars for South Anna bridge about 3 miles from Hanover Court House. We stayed there till Friday evening guarding bridges and performing picket duty. We then came back to Richmond and after moving about through this country settled down in this camp this morning. We are about six miles from Richmond on what is called the central road, leading from Richmond to Charles City C. H. From the way in which we have started I expect that we will have as much marching and moving about to do this Sum- mer as we had last Fall. I believe that I like moving about as much as I do staying in camp; for we then get a chance to see something of the country. I heard as we came through Richmond Friday night that Mr Robin Jones was killed in the Cavalry fight near Culpepper C. H. last week. He was Capt. of a Company of S. C. Cavalry I believe. I have heard nothing of Willie’s company, but suppose it was in the fight, as I saw in the papers that the Col. of his Reg’t was killed. Brother Joe’s Battery is down here near us, I understand. I don’t know where Johnny and Robert are. 148 JaAMEs SpruNT HistoricAL STUDIES I have not heard a word from either you or Father since I was at home; and it is now about a month since I was there; though I have written five or six times. I wrote to Father from Richmond last Monday or Tuesday. Please write soon. Direct your letters to me Co. G, 27th Rest NyGa Cooke’s Brigade via Richmond -Va. There is no news at all. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp Near RicHMonpD VA July 3d 1863 My Dear FATHER We have just returned from a trip after the Yankees. Rich- mond for the past three or four days has been all astir with re- ports of the advance of the Yankees. Wednesday night it was ascertained that the enemy had advanced on the Williamsburg road to within 15 or 16 miles of the city. Some persons said they were 10,000 strong and some went even so far as to put them down at 40,000. Thursday morning our brigade, together with the rest of the troops around here, started to meet them. We advanced across the Chickahominy river; or rather creek, for it is a very small stream where we crossed it; and when we were some three or four miles beyond it the troops in advance came upon the Yankees who began to fall back after firing a few shots. After they once got started they did not stop except to fire a few rounds now and then. A portion of Ransom’s N.C. and Jenkins S. C. Brigades with some Artillery were the only troops engaged on our side. Our brigade was held rather in reserve. After following them till about 10 o’clock last night we started on our return to camp. We reached Camp this morn- ing pretty tired and sleepy as we had slept only about 7 hours during the past two nights. I heard this morning that our cavalry had driven the enemy under cover of their gunboats at the White THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 149 house on the Pamunkey river. Instead of finding the enemy from 10,000 to 40,000 strong, as was reported, we found only two brigades who were out on a foraging expedition, at least so I heard this morning, and the “On to Richmond” turned out to be a mere nothing. Our loss as far as I have heard was only one killed and two or three wounded. I do not know what was the loss of the enemy. We took several prisoners and they seemed rather glad of being taken than otherwise. I received your very welcome letter a day or two ago, in which you stated that you had written to me on the 13th ult. and sent me $50, also that you had written to me two or three times since. I went to the Post office and enquired but could find no letter there for me. I suppose it must have gotten lost some- where on the way, for your last letter is the only one I have received from you since I was at home. I received a letter from Mother this morning by Mr Hall. Also my boots and vest. The boots are a little large, but will do very well, the vest fits very well. Johnny and Robert are still camped near us. I saw Johnny yesterday. I do not think their Regiment was engaged in the skirmish yesterday. Everything seems to be as quiet here now as though there had not been any Yankees near here lately, and but for the soreness of our feet we would hardly know that we had been marching at all. We have had rain almost every day for the past week or ten days but it seems to have cleared up again. The weather is very hot. Please send me the $50 I wrote for when you receive this as I am a little behind in the money line just now. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM 150 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES Camp Near RicHMonD VA July 7th 1863 My Dear MorTHER I received your very welcome letter of June 30th a few days ago. Also my vest and boots sent by Mr Hall. The boots are rather too large, but I will make them do. The vest fits pretty well, Weare having a plenty of rain now and I am afraid that it is rather too much for the wheat crop. We had a very heavy shower all yesterday evening and my tent, which is in rather a low place, was a perfect mudhole, almost as bad as a hogpen; but I kept tolerably dry as I had my bed up on some polls. The sun is trying to shine this morning and I hope it will soon be dry again. The news from our army everywhere is very encouraging. Judging from the Yankee accounts, which are all we can get now, I think that Gen. Lee has given the Yanks a sound thresh- ing at Gettysburg Pa. Our loss of officers, as usual, seems to be very heavy; six Generals killed or wounded, among the latter Gen. Pender of N. C. Three N. C. Cols. are reported killed viz Bennett, Parker, & Avery. I do not know which Avery this is whether the Col. of the 6th or 33d, but heard that it was Col. I. E. Avery of the 6th N.C. From all accounts that I can hear the old North State bore her part as nobly as ever. It was reported last night, but I ex- pect it was all a hoax, that Gen. Stuart had entered Washington City with his Cavalry while the rest of the army was engaged at Gettysburg last Friday. I wish that we were with the army in Maryland and Pennsylvania, for I would a great deal rather be there with the main army than to be here running after the Yankees every now and then. But somebody has to be here to defend Richmond and, as it has fallen to our lot, I must be con- tent with it. This is my birthday and I wish very much that I could spend it at home in peace and quiet as I did three years ago, but it cannot be. I think though that, if our arms continue to be THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 151 crowned with victory as they have been lately; we will have peace long before this time next year. Our sky seems to me now to be brighter than it has ever been heretofore. I wish you would send me two pairs of yarn socks by the first opportunity for my socks are nearly all worn out. I need not write you the news, for you will no doubt get the papers as soon if not sooner than this letter. I send you sev- eral photographs of our generals which I wish you would keep for me. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM HANOVER JUNCTION VA July 11th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of 8th inst yesterday morning and will send to Richmond by the first one going down there for the money you mentioned having sent me by express. Our Reg’t is camped at Taylorsville about 3 miles from here on the Richmond Fredericksburg & Potomac Rail Road. We left Rich- mond last Wednesday 8th inst. Our company is up at this place on picket today. We received orders yesterday morning to be ready to move at a moments notice, but as we have heard noth- ing about moving since then I expect that we will stay here a while yet. I wish very much that we could be sent to Gen. Lee’s army in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The fall of Vicksburg is at last confirmed and a pretty se- ' vere blow it is. Everything looked so bright before that occur- rence that a great many were beginning to look for peace before a very great while. The papers state that Gen. Lee has fallen back to Hagerstown Md to put his sick, wounded, and prisoners across the Potomac; but say that he was victorious in all the battles at Gettysburg Pa. Extracts, from the Yankee papers, published in the Richmond papers this morning, say that he was victorious in most of the contests and that when he was not 152 James SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES conqueror they had nothing to boast of and that he fell back not because he was whipped, but because he could not take their entrenched positions. The loss is reported to be enormous on both sides and I see that North Carolina has her full share of killed and wounded. I have just received your letter of June 13th enclosing $50. I do not see what could have delayed it so long on the road and had given up all hope of ever getting it. I must close as we have received orders to join the Reg’t at Taylorsville. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NEAR TAYLORSVILLE VA July 27th 1863 My Dear MoTHER Although I feel very little in the humor of letter writing this morning yet I must try to write to you; a few lines at least ; to let you know what has become of me. As you will see from the date of my letter we have not changed our camp since I last wrote. It seems almost like we were to be regularly stationed here, for we have been here for two weeks which is longer than we have stayed in any camp since last April and, in fact, is a very long time for “cook’s Foot Cavalry”, as we are called, to stay in one place. I was in Richmond a few days ago when Gen. Pettigrew’s body was carried through there. His remains arrived on the evening train and were escorted to the Capitol by the military and citizens. They laid in state in the Capitol until next morning when they were carried to the train and sent to Raleigh. I saw Dr Hughes, who married Cousin Laura Bryan, while I was there. He had gone on to Martinsburg to see his brother who was Adj’t. Gen. to Gen. Pettigrew and who died at Martins- burg of wound received at Gettysburg. THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 153 Dr Hughes was on his return home when I saw him. Mr Garnett, who lived in Hillsboro several years ago while he was surveying the N. C. R. R. lives near our camp. I went over to see him and Mrs Garnett a day or two since. Mrs Garnett re- quested me to remember her very kindly to you when I next wrote home. I went to church near here yesterday and heard a very good sermon from a Mr Winston a baptist preacher a refugee from Philadelphia ; but a native Virginian, I believe. There is no news about here. The papers state that our army is all this side of the blue-ridge and in the vicinity of Culpepper CH. I have not heard a word from home since I saw you and Father in Richmond about two weeks ago. I will write to Father in a few days. Write soon. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NEAR TAYLORSVILLE VA July 30th 1863 My Dear FATHER A few days ago I thought that I would be able to get a fur- lough and come home for a few days, but I do not see any chance of it now. I think it about time I was getting a furlough and will get one the first chance; but I don’t know when that will be. The rainy season seems to have set in with us again. It has rained every evening for the past week and from the looks of the weather I think we will have a shower this evening too. I see by the papers this morning that another raid on the W.& W.R. R. is expected. If the Yankees do attempt it Johnny ‘and Robert will have a chance at them as I understand that Ransom’s Brigade is somewhere about Weldon. We had great rumors in Camp a day or two ago about France and Spain recognising our Confederacy and some went 154 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES even so far as to say that it was certainly so and that the mes- sengers would be in Richmond the next day, but it has turned out, I believe, to be, like all similar rumors, mere talk. I would be glad if you would send me a box of eatables by Walter Thompson when he comes to our Reg’t. I see, by the Hillsboro Recorder of last week, that he will start for our Brig- ade on next Thursday Aug 6th to bring boxes &c. All boxes &c must be at the depot on Wednesday. Who are the Candidates for Congress in our district, or is there none? I have seen none announced in the papers as yet. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NEAR FREDERICKSBURG Aug 3d 1863 My Dear MorHerR We left our Camp near Taylorsville last Friday night and marched to Hanover Junction, remained there till Saturday evening and then took the cars for this place. We were at first placed in some of the unoccupied houses in the town and re- mained there all day yesterday ; but as it was so hot in the town we moved out here in the woods this morning. There is hardly a single house in the whole town, that I saw, that did not show marks of Yankee rascality. Nearly all the houses have been struck by their shot and shells and a great many doors are broken in and windows smashed. The churches seem to have been especial objects of their meanness, for every one I saw had a good many holes shot through it. I expected to see the town a good deal torn to pieces, but had no idea that it could be as bad as it is. The weather for the past two days has been oppressively hot and last night it was so hot in the town that we could hardly sleep at all. It is a little cooler tonight, but still very warm. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 155 We had several rumors yesterday that the Yankees were ad- vancing on this place, but I believe it all turned out to be a hoax. Lieut. Walker Anderson who married Miss Rebecca Cam- eron has been appointed Ordnance Officer of our Brigade. He arrived here today. There is no news at all. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NEAR GoRDONSVILLE VA Oct 4th 1863 My Dear MoTHER I wrote to you last Wednesday while on the train between Raleigh & Goldsboro, but as I don’t know whether you ever received it or not I will write again. When I reached Raleigh on Tuesday morning, I had to lay over there as everything was crowded with Yankee Prisoners. As I expected to go off on the next train I left my baggage ina room at the Depot where I was told it would be perfectly safe as there was a guard about there and this room was only opened for a short while on the arrival of each train. I could not get off that night on account of another crowd of Yankee prisoners and when I went to the depot next morn- ing to leave I found that my carpet bag had been robbed of all its contents except a flannel shirt for D. C. Parks. All the other things in the carpet bag, except one small bundle for Charly _ Parks, and a pair of gloves for Charly Cooley, were my own as I had packed everybody else’s things in the trunk and it was not troubled. They also took John Scarlett’s blanket but I can re- place it. I wish you would send me by the first opportunity my other pair of grey pants, 2 pr drawers some socks, and hand- kerchiefs. I got some shirts in Raleigh at $5.00 a piece. I could not get on the train for Weldon Wednesday morning and had to take the train for Goldsboro and risk the chances of 156 JaMEs Sprunt HistortcaL STUDIES making connexion with the W. & Weldon R. R. at Goldsboro or stay in Raleigh another day. We just did make connexion at Goldsboro and I therefore got to Weldon almost as soon as if I had gone the other route. I gave Royston in Petersburg my measure and cloth for a coat. He said he would have it done in about ten days and would charge $110 for making it. This is an awful price, but still it is cheaper than giving $300 or $350 for a coat ready made. I reached camp Friday night having had to remain in Rich- mond all Friday morning. We are camped just in the edge of the town of Gordonsville and have a pretty good camp. I saw General Gatlin in Raleigh. He told me that Willie would be there that day (Wednesday), that he had accepted the position of Asst. Adjt. Genl. The revival in our Brigade is still going on and there are a good many converts every day and almost everybody is becom- ing serious. Instead of hearing swearing all the time you seldom hear an oath in our Reg’t now. The ordinance of baptism is to be administered to several this afternoon. I heard a first rate sermon last night, by the Rev. Mr. Ewing Post Chaplain at this place, from Isaiah 55. 6 “Seek the Lord while he may be found. Call upon him while he is near.” All the churches are filled to overflowing every night. There don’t seem to be much chance of a fight up here just now. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM BRISTOL STATION Brvouac NEAR RAPPAHANNOCK STATION VA Oct 17th 1863 My Dear MorTHER I wrote to Father day before yesterday to let you know that I had only received a slight wound in the fight of the day before. ie ee ea ee THE JAMEs A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 157 We had a very severe fight. Our brigade and Gen. Kirklands were the only troops much engaged and we suffered very se- verely. It was the hottest place I ever saw. Sharpsburg was not near so hot. The engagement commenced about three o’clock and lasted till near night and in that time we lost fully two thirds of our Reg’t. Our Co lost 7 killed, 3 officers and 21 men wounded and 16 missing. The killed are Corp. H. P. Woods, Privates Campbell, J. Gattis, G. Merritt, W. F. Pearson, Jas. Shields and J. E. Woods. The wounded are Capt. Dickson se- verely in right side, Myself slightly in right knee, Lt. Patterson severely in groin. Privates Evans Brown—right arm ampu- tated, F. P. Clark—tright foot slight, J. K. Clark—thigh broken, C. S. Cooley—hand slight, Dorothy—knee slight, E. S. Faucett —thigh severe, A, J. Forrest hand slight, W. A. Gattis thigh slight, Haley hand slight, Lockhart—bruised by shell—slight, Mowatt bruised by shell slight, Nelson leg severe, W. H. New- man face & leg severe, Pickett leg amputated, Strain face se- vere, S. G. Strayhorn ankle slight, D. Thompson—bruised by shell slight, W. Thompson—arm slight, Jas Webb breast severe, J. H. Woods thigh severe, and W. D. Woods hip and knee severe. The missing are Sergt Ivy, Corp’! T. Hall, Privates Blay- lock, Browning, Copley, Dunnegan, J. N. Faucett, J. A. Forrest, Hanner, McCauley, W. Ray, J. Scarlett, C. Shields, Warren, Wilkerson & S. K. Woods. I send you this list so that if any body inquires concerning their relatives in the Co you can let them know what has become of them. I will send a list to the Recorder for publication. My leg is getting along very well and I hope to be able to return to duty in three or four more days. I am very thankful that it was no worse than it is. The ball struck my knee and glanced. If it had entered it would have ruined my leg, for it was just on the knee joint. Gen. Cooke had one bone of his leg broken below the knee. Col. Gilmer was shot through the thigh and Lt. Col. Whit- field through the leg. Maj. Webb escaped unhurt and is in com- mand of the Reg’t. I never saw troops fight better than our 158 JaMEs Sprunt HistoricaL STuDIES Reg’t did. They charged a Rail Road bank behind which the enemy were posted, but were unable to carry it and had to fall back under the hottest kind of a fire. The enemy captured 4 pieces of artillery and from that the report started that our Brigade acted badly, but it is a base slander, for we knew noth- ing about any artillery being placed for us to support. The enemy retreated that night. The fight was near Bristol Station on the Orange & Alexandria Rail Road. There is no news beyond what I have written. I have not seen a paper since we left Gordonsville about 10 days ago, I will write again in a few days. Love to all. Write soon to. Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P.S. Gen. Kirkland was wounded in the arm but I do not know how severely. Camp oF 27TH No. Ca. INF’y NEAR RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER * Oct 21st 1863 My Dear FATHER We are camped about a mile or two south of the Rappahan- nock river near the Orange & Alexandria Rail Road. I think it very likely that we will stay in this section for some time, for the Yankees will hardly attempt a forward move- ment soon as the R. R. is torn up from this place to Manassas and the winter will soon be here. We have been placed in Gen. Heth’s Division, A. P. Hill’s Corps. Brother Joe’s battery is attached to our Division. He is camped near us and was at our Camp yesterday. My leg has gotten nearly well and I have returned to duty with the Company. If Lieut. Strayhorn has not left home please give him the money to pay for my coat ($110) and ask him to call at Roy- ston’s as he comes through Petersburg and get my coat and THe JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 159 bring it to me. The cloth was left there Oct 1st and it was to be done in ten days. I left my sword belt and haversack hanging up in the passage when I left home. Please send them to me by Lt. Strayhorn or the first one coming to the Co. Please send, by Walter Thompson when he comes, a box of eatables and some lard; for we don’t get anything now a days but beef and flour and can buy nothing in this country, for it has been completely overrun by the Yan- kees. I understand Walter Thompson will start to the Co about the 27th or 28th. There is no news about here at all and we know nothing of what is going on elsewhere for we hardly ever see a paper. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp NEAR BRANDY STATION VA Oct 24th 1863 My Dear MorHER We seem to have become somewhat settled again, for we have been in camp now for three or four days. The weather is becoming quite cold and a cold drizzling rain has been falling since yesterday evening which makes it quite disagreeable as we have nothing but flies, open at both ends, to protect us from the weather. Weare a great deal better off than most of the other Reg’ts in this respect ; for but very few of them have any tents or flies at all. I have rendered mine tolerably comfortable by stopping up one end with brush and building a big fire in the other end and can get along very well as long as the wind don’t blow the rain on the open end. Last year at this time we were like the rest of the army, without tents and may consider ourselves very fortunate to have any this year. Our Co which was 80 strong at the time we left Gordons- ville cannot now turn out more than 14 or 15 men for duty. 160 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcaL STUDIES It makes me quite sad to see the old Co thinned out so and to think that after having fought as well as any men ever did and been slaughtered and cut up as we were we get no credit for it all, but on the contrary are blamed for losing a battery of which no man in the Regt and very few in the Brigade knew anything at all. I hope however that it will all be cleared up before long and that we will not have to bear the blame of other people. I received yesterday by Lt. Jones my haversack & swordbelt and 1 pr socks and drawers for which I am very much obliged. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp NEAR Branpy STATION VA Oct 28th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of 19th inst a few days ago. It is the first letter I have received since I left home. In your letter you say that you had heard that Brother Joe had received a scratch in the late fight. It was me instead of brother Joe. He was not hurt at all. I have written home four or five times since the fight, but suppose that you had not received any of them when you wrote. We left Gordonsville on the 9th and marched to Madison. Here we joined our division (Heth’s) next morning and continued our march in the direction of Sperry- ville, a little town on the road from Culpepper C. H. to Front Royal. We did not get into camp till after dark that night and as the roads were bad our wagons did not come up and the officers had to do without their bed clothes and the most of us were with- out anything to eat also next morning. I made my breakfast on an ear of hard corn roasted. We marched that day to within four or five miles of Culpepper C. H. Soon after we went into camp that evening our Reg’t was ordered out on picket and as our wagons were still behind, we had to go without anything to eat, but we left our cooks at camp and as soon as the wagons came— THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 161 about 12 o’clock—we had something cooked. Next morning I made better provision for eating and filled my haversack so that I would not be bothered if the wagons were behind again that night and also strapped a blanket across my shoulders for a bed. That night we reached Annisville & the next day Warrenton and as soon as the wagons came up we were ordered to cook two days rations immediately and be prepared to march at a moments notice. Next morning as we marched through Warrenton we could distinctly hear the booming of cannon and thought the enemy could not be very far off. However we kept on till 12 or 1 o’clock and I thought were getting around the enemy for the firing which was at first nearly in front of us was now on our right and rather behind us. When we came to a little place called Greenwich we found that a large force of the enemy had left there not long before as their fires were still burning. We kept on at a very rapid pace for four or five miles further and every body was becoming very tired when I saw the head of the column turning out to the right of the road and thought that we were going into camp, but soon found out that we were forming line of battle and that the enemy were not far off. We had been picking up stragglers all along the road for the last five miles and they all told us that the enemy were not more than a mile ahead of us. After forming line of battle, our brigade on the right of the road and Kirkland’s on the left, we advanced about a quarter of a mile through the woods and just as we came out into open ground we saw the enemy about 1% or % a mile off ona hill a little to our left. About this time our artillery opened on them and they commenced “‘skeedaddling”’ in real Yankee fashion. We thought that they were gone for good, but from the way I saw couriers flying around I thought something else was on hand. After waiting about %4 of an hour we were ordered to advance and our skirmishers on the right of our Brigade commenced firing pretty rapidly. We waited a while longer and then were ordered forward. After advancing up a hill and through a skirt of pines we came into an open field and saw the enemy in our front. The 162 JAMEs SpruNT HistToricaAL STUDIES firing then began and we advanced down a slope without any protection at all under a heavy fire. After advancing about 50 or 75 yards we were halted. After firing here a while we were ordered to charge. This we did in real good style. I had not gone more than 40 yards further when I was struck and had to leave. Our Regt charged nearly down to the Rail Road which the enemy used as a breast-work, but were unable to carry it, as we were not supported, and had to fall back. In this charge we were dread- fully cut up. About the time we commenced to fall back one of our batteries came in, but nobody in our Reg’t and very few in the Brigade knew anything about it. This was the battery that was lost. I do not think it fired more than two or three times if that many. I heard it fire once as I passed it going to the hospital. Our brigade was blamed for the loss of this battery, but we ought not to have been and I understand that now the thing is becoming more clear and the blame has shifted off our shoulders. Our Reg’t halted and reformed at the top of the hill and ex- pected to be ordered in again, but were not. The whole fight did not last more than one hour and a half and most of it was done in half an hour. I never saw men fight better in my life than our Reg’t did while I was with them and I hear from all that they did just as well after I was struck. Gen. Cooke was shot from his horse just behind our Reg’t. One bone in his leg was broken. I hear that he is getting along very well and will not lose his leg. All our wounded are doing well I understand. My leg has gotten very nearly well, but hurts me every night. The ball struck me on the knee joint but did not enter, only glanced taking the skin and a little meat with it. My leg was so bruised, swolen and stiff that I was hardly able to walk for five or six days, but Capt. White, Or. Mr., very kindly lent me a horse and I kept along with the wagons till I was able to walk. A scab has formed over the place and I have been on duty with the Co for a week past. Our brigade lost 700 men our Regt about 300. I suppose you have seen a list of the casualties before this. Our Reg’t suffered most severely because we had to advance through an open field without any protection at all. Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 163 A good many of our wounded fell into the enemy’s hands, but they left our worst wounded only carrying off those that were slightly wounded or not hurt at all. The enemy retreated that night and next morning were all gone. Next day we lay near the battle field and the day after commenced tearing up the R. R. We tore it up down to the Rappahannock River, then crossed to this side and have been camped around here ever since. It is reported that the enemy are advancing and re-building the R. R. but I don’t know whether it is so or not. I am the only officer with our Co now. The Co is a mere shadow of what it was when we left Gordonsville about 3 weeks ago. Maj. Webb is commanding the Regt, Col. Gilmer and Lt. Col. Whitfield both being wounded. I must close as it is getting late and my fire is most burnt out. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp Near Branpy STATION Nov 1st 1863 My Dear MoTHeErR Although I have written six or seven letters home since I left there yet I have received but one and that was from Father dated Oct 19th. I have no doubt that you have written but somehow it takes my letters a very long time to reach me if they ever do. I wish that some arrangement could be made by which soldiers letters could reach them without taking two or three weeks and sometimes even a month on the road. We moved camp yesterday morning in a rain and are now in a great deal better place than our last camp. 164 James SpruntT HistoricaAL STUDIES We have had orders to fix ourselves up as comfortably as possible and I expect from that that we will stay here sometime; at least till we burn up all the wood around us. While we were around Taylorsville and Richmond I was very anxious to get with the main army, but now, that we are with it, I would be very willing to be detached from it and sent back to Taylorsville or Fredericksburg again. We are faring pretty rough, but I think that I can have as good a time on beef and bread without grease as any body else; for I make it a point to be contented wherever I am put or at least, to try to be contented and I think I generally succeed. There is a perfect dearth of news with us up in this part of the world and a letter from home would break very agreeably on the monotony of our camp life. Do Write soon. Love to all. I remain as ever Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp oF 27TH No. Ca. InF’y Near BRANDY STATION VA Nov 3d 1863 My Dear FATHER I received Mother’s letter of 28th ult. sent by Lt. Strayhorn, day before yesterday. Also the Handkerchiefs &c she sent. She mentioned in her letter that she sent me two prs drawers & 2 prs socks with my haversack & sword belt which I left at home. I received the haversack & sword belt but only one pr drawers & one pr socks. These however will do for the winter with what I have already. I wrote to Royston to-day to send my coat to you at Hills- boro. Please pay for it and send it to me by Charles Parks if you get it before he leaves. He will start back to camp about the 15th or 16th. I wrote to Royston to send it by express marked “Collect on Delivery.” a Re el Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 165 We have fixed ourselves up very comfortably up here in the woods and I expect will spend the winter about here. I have got my fly patched up at both ends and a chimney built which makes it almost as comfortable as a house. We are about eight miles from Culpepper C. H. and five from Brandy Station in the back- woods and I dont know how far from where anybody lives for we never see anybody passing but soldiers. Please ask Mother to send me my pair of grey pants I wrote to her about; for I have only one pr of pants (blue) and I am afraid they will not last me through the winter. Brother Joe is camped somewhere near us but I do not know exactly where ; for I have not seen him in more than a week. There is no news. In the election last Thursday our Company voted for Turner 21 for Arrington 3. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM Camp oF 27TH No. Ca INF’y NEAR OrANGE C. H. Va Nov 12th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of 4th inst a day or two ago. I am glad to hear that you have got down to the home place again, for it must certainly be more comfortable there than at the Academy. Our army has fallen back, since I last wrote, from Brandy Station to this place. Last Saturday the enemy overpowered Hayes’ La. and Hokes N. C. Brigades and took possession of one of the crossings on the Rappahannock. Saturday night about 10 o’clock our Brigade received orders to cook one days rations and be ready to march at any time during the night. About half past 12 o’clock the order was changed and we were ordered to cook up all the rations we had and be ready to move at a moments warning. We left camp at four o’clock in the morning and marched to within 2 miles of Culpepper C. H. I then found out that the whole 166 JaMeEs Sprunt HistoricaAL STUDIES army was retreating. We were drawn up in line of battle at this place and laid in line all day Sunday waiting for the enemy to approach, About 2 o’clock P. M. firing commenced on the extreme left where Lane’s Brigade of Wilcox’s Division was posted. I thought then that we would all soon be into it, but we waited till night and no other troops were engaged. I have since heard that it was only a force of Cavalry and Artillery that engaged Lane’s Brigade and that the enemy’s infantry did not follow us up. About sun ' down we started again and after marching nearly all night, over one of the roughest roads I ever saw, crossed Robertson river about 4 o’clock in the morning and went into camp. We started again about 11 o’clock next day and crossed the Rapidan and came to this place, where we are now camped, that evening. The weather was very cold and when we came into camp Mon- day evening it was snowing very hard, but it soon blew off clear again before the snow had time to lay. I don’t know much about it but it seemed to me that our army was surprised ; anyhow I hope that I will not soon have another march as rough as it was last Sunday night. The enemy got some of our negroes who went to sleep near where we lay in line of battle and did not know that we had moved off. I thought for a while that they had got Aleck as I could not find him, but he came up next evening soon after we came into camp. The Yankees kept the negroes one day and then finding that they were not willing to stay with them told them they might go for they had more negroes now than they could feed. I hope that we will stay in this camp sometime, for I have fixed up comfortably again and I don’t like to move as soon as I get fixed as I did the last time. Please ask Mother to send me a pair of gloves for it is pretty cold these mornings. I will write to Mother in a few days. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 167 P.S. Please ask Mother to have me half a dozen collars made of some colored stuff, for it does not pay to wear white collars in camp and my shirts are without collars. J. A. G. Camp oF 27TH N. C. Inr’y NEar ORANGE C. H. Va Nov 17th 1863 My Dear MorHer I received your very welcome letter of the 11th inst last night and started to answer it then, but I was so sleepy I could not do it as I had only slept four hours in forty eight having been on picket for that length of time. We had a pretty rough time on picket Saturday night as it rained nearly all night and we had no shelter, but had to stand and take it. The Yankee cavalry came up within sight of us on Sunday and took a few shots at us, but stayed too far off to hurt any of us. I took a shot at one of them and made him dodge and get further. They did not stay.in sight more than ten or fifteen minutes. T have fixed up very comfortably again having built a chimney to my tent and made a table and some stools. You just ought to see how snugly I am fixed up. You said in your letter that I must write you what to send me by Walter Thompson. I wish you would send me a big cake and some dried apple pies or “slapjacks”, I believe they call them, some molasses, dried fruit, lard, vegetables &c any thing you choose. Please send mea bottle of brandy and some sugar and I will make an eggnog for ‘Christmas if I can manage to get some eggs. Please send me a pound or two of butter for we very seldom get any up in these diggings. I hope we will stay here some time, but can’t tell how long, for we may move at any moment. I do hope that we will not have any more fighting to do this winter ; for 1am not as fond of fighting as anybody might suppose. It was reported in Camp yesterday that Ewell had captured a whole division of Yankees, but I believe it was contradicted to- 168 James SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES day. This is all the news that I know anything about. Please have me half a dozen collars made of some colored stuff as my shirts are without collars and it dont pay to wear white collars. in camp. I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P. S. Please tell Willie to get me some of Gov. Vance’s cloth if it has come. I understand it came on the last vessel. J. A. G. Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va Nov, 24th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received a letter from Willie yesterday in which he said that- he had procured cloth for me in Raleigh. I wish that you would: pay him $40 for it for me. I am afraid to risk sending the money from here in a letter as letters so often fail to reach their destina- tion now-a-days. I was at brother Joe’s camp day before yesterday and found. him in bed. He had been unwell for a week or so and was afraid that he was going to have Camp fever, but the doctor told me: that he was getting better. President Davis has been up with the army for the past few days and IJ heard that he was to review our Corps to-morrow, but’ it has been postponed. I suppose it is on account of the weather as it has been raining” nearly all day and looks as if it might snow before morning as it: is getting colder. I wrote to you about the 3d or 4th of this month saying that I had written to Royston to send my coat to you by express, but L suppose he has not done so as you have not mentioned anything of it in your letters since that time. If he has not sent it to you. please write to him about it. THE JAMEs A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 169 I left the cloth with Royston as I came through Petersburg Oct 1st and wrote to him about the 2d of this month to send it to you. He was to make it for $110. There is no news in Camp at all. Maj. Webb has been unwell for a week past, but is getting better. I must close. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P.S. Please send me some postage stamps for I cannot get any about here Yours: &e JAG. {On same sheet ] Dear Husband, I forward the letters which came this morning. Bettie is very anxious for you to write to Joseph and urge him to apply for a surgeon’s place, that is to stand his examination, as soon as he is well enough. She wants him to apply before they have another battle as she thinks he has done his share of fighting. Ever yours S. W. Graham. In LINE oF BATTLE Nov 30th 1863 My Dear MoTHER I have no doubt that you have heard long before this that we were fighting and, as I have an opportunity to send a letter, I will write to let you know what is going on. We left camp before ‘day Friday morning and marched till about 12 o’clock when we came to where our Cavalry had engaged the Yankees. Walker’s Brigade of our division was ordered to the front as skirmishers and our Brigade, Kirkland’s & Davis’ held as their support. We were shelled pretty severely that evening and had several killed ‘and wounded in our Reg’t. Nobody hurt in my company. Wil- ‘cox’s division relieved us that night and we have since been held an reserve. On Saturday and Sunday there was no fighting at all 170 JAMES SprunT HistortcaL STUDIES and only a little artillery firing and skirmishing to-day. I expect the big battle will come. off to-morrow. We have a very good position about half a mile in rear of our advanced lines and I think there is a great probability that we will not be needed in the front and I certainly hope so. If we do have to go into it I hope that I may come out as well as I have done heretofore. I shall do my duty at any rate. I saw brother Joe yesterday evening. He has gotten well. His battery is on the left of Anderson’s division in the front. I have not time to write more. I will write again as soon as the fight is over or as soon as I get another chance. Praying that I may come out unhurt and that God will spare me to return home again I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM P.S. All of the Company are well and in good spirits Your &c Jie. Camp NEAR ORANGE C, H. Va Dec 4th 1863 My Dear FATHER I received your very welcome letter of 26th ult. last night. I have no doubt that you have been expecting for the last week to hear of a big battle up here and we certainly expected to have one, but the Yankees backed out. On Thursday 26th ult. our Reg’t was ordered on picket and expected to stay one day, but that night about 10 o’clock the Com- missary Serg’t came down to where we were on picket and issued us rations of hard bread and bacon and about an hour afterwards we received orders to return to Camp immediately. When we got to Camp I found there we had orders to move at 3 o’clock A. M. We got off at 4 o’clock and took up our line of march on the plank road leading from Orange C. H. to Fredericksburg. We marched THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 171 pretty rapidly till about 12 or 1 o’clock when we came to where our Cavalry had engaged the Yankees, about 14 miles from Orange C. H. Walker’s Brigade of our division was immediately ordered to the front and our Brigade, Davis’, & Kirkland’s held as a second line. We advanced in line to within a few hundred yards of where our first line was engaged and were subjected to a pretty severe shelling losing 1 man killed and 5 or 6 wounded. Peemerc) utuct. About),4)... to the iront)..9!) to: the» rear) to rest for the night and we needed rest very much; at least I did, for I had not slept a bit in 36 hours. Next morning the whole of our troops moved back about a mile and a half to a better position. Our division was still in the second line and as we were in the woods we threw up a breast work of logs to protect us from the balls and shell that would come over the first line. After remaining in this position till the middle of the day we were moved forward about 34 of a mile to a still better position and all hands went to work and threw up a splendid breast-work on both lines. We remained in this position behind Lane’s N. C. Brigade till next morning (Sunday) when we were moved about a mile to the left and put behind the left of Anderson’s division. Here we threw up another breastwork of logs and dirt. We had no tools except one axe to each company and made spades of plank. These answered the purpose very well and it took us but a very short time to make a very good entrenchment, for every man worked hard. About dark Sunday evening we were moved about half a mile to the right behind the right of Ander- son’s division. We remained here all day Monday and Monday night. About 8 o’clock Monday morning the enemy opened a pretty brisk cannonading and I thought the battle had commenced in good earnest, but it ceased in about half an hour and every- thing was quiet during the rest of the day except a little cannon- ading now and then. A little before day Tuesday morning we were moved to the [worn off] and placed in the [worn off] behind an embankment [worn off] to run from Orange C. H. to Fredericksburg but was never completed. 172 James SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES We remained here all day Tuesday and were within 300 or 400 yards of the Yankee pickets and in full view of them. Wed- nesday morning about daylight I was ordered on picket with my company. As soon as it was light enough to see well we found that the Yankee pickets were not on post. The picket line was then deployed as skirmishers and ordered forwarded. When we advanced we found the Yankees gone and on advancing about a mile we found their breastworks but could find no Yankees except four whom we captured. We sent our scouts about 34 a mile ahead and they could find no Yanks, but learned from an old man that they had left during the night. There was a house and tanyard in front of our line and we found hides scattered as far as we went and the beds and chairs from the house all through the woods. The Yankees had recrossed the river and on yesterday morn- ing we started for our old camp where we arrived yesterday evening. I was very much surprised that we did not have a fight and think it a clear back down on the Yankee side. The weather was very cold during the whole trip and the ground was frozen nearly all the time. On Monday night the water froze in our canteens hanging around our necks. It was the coldest and roughest time I have had yet and I have a pretty bad cold now as the effects of it. I saw brother Joe on Sunday. He has gotten entirely well. His battery was on the front line all the time on the left of Anderson’s division. I think the Campaign for this winter is over and I certainly hope so, for I would not like to take such a trip again soon. The news from the West is better tonight than it has been for sometime. The papers state that the Yankee army out there is falling back and that they have lost 40,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The papers also state that Gen. Morgan, with some of his officers, has made his escape and is now safe in Canada. I saw day before yesterday a man named Green Dollar who formerly lived in Orange. THE James A. GraHAM Papers, 1861-1884 173 He said that he had been pressed into the Yankee service and had deserted from them and wished to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy. I must close. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca Inr’y— Dec 13th 1863 My Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter of 30th ult. four or five days ago and intended to have answered it before this, but picket duty and other like things have prevented my doing so. I received the gloves sent by Abe Hedgpeth and am very much obliged for them. I went over to see brother Joe yesterday. He has gotten en- tirely well Weare back in our old Camp and have almost recovered from our colds which we caught on the last march or rather “freeze out”. I am in hopes that we will remain quiet for the rest of the winter, for it is very rough lieing out such weather as we have had lately. It has been very cold for a week past, but is quite pleasant to-day having cleared off warm after a very hard rain storm last night. We are all anxiously waiting for Walter Thompson and his _ boxes. I hope he will bring my box through safe, for I am antici- pating a fine time when he comes. There is no news at all in Camp. Everything is as quiet and boring as can be and I am really getting so lazy that I can hardly write a letter or do anything else that requires any exertion. I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son, James A. GRAHAM, 174 JAMeEs SprunT HistToricaL STUDIES Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y— My Dear FATHER Dec 21st 1863 I received your very welcome letter of 15th inst yesterday evening and as Alex starts this morning for home I will answer it by him. Thompson has not come yet, but I suppose will be here on the train this morning. He reached Richmond on Friday and has been delayed there since. You said in your letter that you would like to know what is the desire of the 3 years men concerning being let out or kept in. I can only judge by my own company and they seem to expect to be kept in, though they say that they would like to get out even for a little while and that even if they are let out they would expect to be called in again very soon. I don’t think it makes much difference with them either way, for nearly every one says that they will come in again. I hope that there will be no re-organization, for our Reg’t I know was injured by the reorganization in 1862, some of our best officers being thrown out and others not so good elected in their places. I do not think brother Joe will be able to get home by Christ- mas, for I understand that officers’ furloughs have been stopped for a while. I dont think that I will be able to get a furlough this winter and there won’t be much chance to get one in the summer so that I will hardly get one before next fall or winter. The weather has been pretty cold for some time past and I think the last three or four days as cold as I ever felt. As I have a good fire place to my tent I am very comfortably fixed. I will let Alex go home to spend Christmas. Please send him back by the first opportunity after he has been at home for two or three weeks. If no opportunity offers about that time you might start him back by himself. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM P. S. I received a letter from Sudie last night and will answer it in a day or two LAS THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 175 Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y Near ORANGE C. H. Va Dec 31st 1863 My Dear MotTHER I received the box of provisions you sent me by Walter Thompson the day before Christmas and am very much obliged for it. He was delayed in Richmond about five days and I expected most of the things would be spoilt, but the weather was cold and prevented them from spoiling. Nothing in my box was hurt at all and very little in any of the boxes. I had an eggnog Christmas Eve night and a splendid dinner Christmas day. The collars you sent me fit very well and are the very thing I wanted. I am especially obliged for the butter and lard, for it is a very hard matter to get anything of that sort about here. I would have sent brother Joe part of my box, but he moved camp before it came and I did not know where to find him. I heard that he had moved down below Gordonsville about fifteen or sixteen miles from here and IJ had no way to send it to him. I wrote to Father, by Walter Thompson, day before yesterday requesting him to send Alex back when Major Webb comes, but I expect you will get this before you get that as Thompson expected to stop in Richmond a day or two. Please ask father to send my coat by Alex if he has received it from Royston. I wish you would send me some sausage meat by Alex if you have killed hogs. The butter and lard you sent me will last some time yet as there are only two in my mess. I am in as good health as I ever was and am getting so fat that I hardly know what to do with myself. I am fleshier than I ever have been before. The weather has been pretty bad for some time past either freezing or raining all the time. It has been raining pretty steady ever since before day this morning and is getting almost as muddy as Hillsboro generally is at this time of the year. I would like very much to be at home to-morrow to eat Newyear’s dinner with 176 James Sprunt Historicat STupDIEs you. I hope you had a pleasant Christmas and will have a pleasant New Year. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va Jan 7th 1864 My Dear MotHeEr I have not received a letter from home since Christmas al- though I have been looking for one. Weare still up here on the Rapidan on picket and are having a pretty rough and cold time of it as the ground is frozen as hard as a rock and covered with snow. It snowed all day last Monday and as the ground was frozen it lay to the depth of two or three inches and has melted very little as yet. For a week or two past we could see the snow very plainly on the Blue Ridge which is only a short distance off, but had no snow of any consequence here before Monday last. I was on picket last night with my company, but fared tolerably well as we were in a hollow and the hills kept the wind off. I understand that we will move to our new Camp and go into winter quarters in about two weeks and then I expect we will have a good time. I wish your Ladies Soldiers Aid Society of Hillsboro would make about fifty prs of gloves for our Company as very few of the men have gloves and they would be very acceptable such weather as this especially on picket. Capt. Dickson returned to Camp a day or two ago. He has gotten very nearly well though not entirely, I am glad that Congress has passed the Bill bringing into service all the substitute men. I guess it makes some of these men, who stand around the corners in almost every town with their longtailed coats and white shirt collars talking about what “zwe’’ did and how “we” whipped Tue James A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 177 the Yankees, open their eyes and look for some other mode of exemption. There is no news at all. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 277TH No. Ca. InF’y NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va Jan 24th /64 My Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter sent by Alex last Satur- day, also the box of sausage meat, bag of Coffee and my blanket for which I am much obliged. We have been drawing very short rations of meat lately and the sausage meat came in very good time ; for without it I would have been without meat part of the time. We are however getting a plenty of meat now. We are still on picket and will not move back to our winter quarters before the 3d of next month. I will be glad when we move back and can get comfortably fixed up. I am having a log hut built and think I will fare very well when I get into it. One of the men in the 48th Reg’t, in our Brigade, is to be shot to-morrow morning for desertion and 4 more in the Brigade in a few days. The whole Brigade will be called out to witness it, but I would gladly be spared such a sight. I am glad that there are none of them from our Regt. Our Company has never had a single deserter yet and I hope we never may. We hear great reports here about the people in North Caro- lina being down-hearted and almost ready to give up the contest, but don’t know how much of them to believe for everything we hear from No. Ca. now-a-days is greatly exaggerated. I don’t think the people at home ought to think about giving up while the soldiers in the field, who have to bear all the hardships, are so hopeful and in such good spirits. I think I will get a furlough sometime during the next two or three weeks. Furloughs are granted to the men now at the rate of 12 to every 100 men present, or about 1/8 of the number pres- 178 JAMEs SprunT HistortcaL STUDIES ent, and one officer is allowed a furlough when there are three present with the Company. I will apply for one as soon as Lt. Strayhorn returns from the hospital and I think that will not be very long. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y NEAR OrancE C. H. Va Feb 1st 1864 My Dear MoTHER I expected to have been at home by this time, but my appli- cation for leave of absence was returned two or three days ago disapproved. I will not be able to get off now till Lt. Strayhorn returns to the Co as no furloughs will be granted to officers now unless two be left with the Co. One of the 48th Regt was executed last Monday for desertion and 3 of the 46th Regt on Saturday. It was the saddest sight I ever witnessed and I hope I may never see the like again. I heard that they were caused to desert by letters from home. Many a poor soldier has met with the same disgraceful death from the same cause. I wish the people at home would keep in as good spirits as the soldiers in the army do. The 3 men that were shot Saturday said that they were pre- pared to die. One of them was sprinkled two or three days before and the other two wanted to be baptized but I don’t know whether they were or not. The whole army is in as good spirits and as good condition as I ever saw them. We did get short rations of meat for two or three weeks about the lst of January, but are getting pretty good rations now. While the meat rations were so short we received extra rations of lard, coffee, sugar, molasses and dried fruit ; so that we fared almost as well as we would have done with the meat. Some of the troops Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 179 are re-enlisting for the war. Johnston’s N. C. Brigade has re- enlisted and I wish ours would do likewise, for it will be a great deal better to go in voluntarily before we are kept in by law, or, at least, it will sound a great deal better. I feel certain that we will all be kept in for the war and I think it exactly right. The weather has been very fine, almost like spring, for two weeks past until night before last when it clouded up and commenced rain- ing and now we have the same old mud as usual. The whole country around here is very much like Orange Co No. Ca. espe- cially the red mud. We have had several reports lately about the Yankees advanc- ing and yesterday evening the report came that they were crossing Robertson river in heavy force and almost every body thought that the chances were pretty good to have a fight with them, but last night we heard that our Cavalry had driven them back across the river. I don’t think they could have been in much force and expect it was only a raiding party after all. I met a Miss Smith, a sister of Mr Tom Smith who married Cousin Julia Alexander, at Mrs Willis’ near our Camp a few days ago. Mrs Willis is some relation of Mr Smith’s J think. I expect I will get a furlough some time during the next two weeks, but don’t know. I must close. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y March 4th 1864 My Dear MotHeER I arrived at Camp Sunday evening safe and sound. I did not lose Mrs. Anderson or any of her baggage on the trip. There is a great deal more pleasure in travelling with a lady now-adays than I thought and I think that hereafter I shall always try to find a lady to travel with as I can then get a seat all the way. We have had a pretty rough time since I returned, but I hope that we will now rest for a while. Monday night we received orders to cook up rations and be ready to march at a moments 180 James SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES warning. About 3 o’clock Tuesday morning we left camp and started for Liberty Mills on the Rapid Ann River. It was sleet- ing very fast when we left camp and seemed to be but the begin- ning of a regular sleet and snow storm. About 9 o’clock we passed Liberty Mills and continued the march on the turnpike to Madison C. H. and pretty soon we heard heavy cannonading in front and on our left. About 1 or 2 o’clock when within 4 miles of Madison C. H. a courier came dashing back and ordered Lt. Col. Whitfield com’d’g our Brigade to face his brigade about and march it back immediately. I then expected to see the enemy coming on our rear or flanking us by a road that we had passed about a mile back. Our Brigade was. in the rear of the whole column and therefore were in front. when we turned back. We were marched very rapidly back to the cross roads and were then stopped to wait for orders after having put one Reg’t on picket. We did not receive any further orders and remained at this place all night. The rain and sleet had continued all day and when night came it commenced to hail and. then to snow. It snowed for about an hour and then cleared off about 11 o’clock. It was terribly cold and you may be sure we slept very little that night. My overcoat and blankets which had got wet during the day froze hard and next morning I had to thaw out. About 8 o’clock the next morning—Wednesday—we started for camp and reached there that evening pretty well worn out, and you may be sure we took a good sleep that night. I saw men on that march bare footed without the least sign of a shoe and now and then you could see the blood in their tracks as they marched. along. I don’t see how they could possibly stand it, but they kept along pretty well. The object of our march, so far as I know, was to cut off a party of Yankee Cavalry that had started on a raid to Charlottes- ville and to drive their infantry support from Madison C. H. but they all fell back before us across Robertson river. Our Cavalry had several little fights with them, but I believe that there was but little damage done to either side. I was in hopes that we THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 181 ~would rest when that tramp was over, but yesterday evening— “Thursday—we received orders to report at Richmond as soon as possible. We took the train at 3 o’clock and started at full speed for Richmond, but when we reached Gordonsville we were -ordered back to camp as Richmond was safe. We reached camp about 11 o’clock last night. I dont know how long it will be "before they have us going somewhere else, but hope that they will let us rest now. We have any quantity and all sorts of rumors in «camp concerning the fights about Richmond, but can hear noth- ing reliable. I expect you know more about what is being done sabout Richmond than we do for I have not seen a paper since Saturday and we have had no mail at all since Monday. I wish you would send my gloves as soon as you can get them done for I have almost entirely worn out my others, also please send me 2 pr half soles for both prs of my boots need half- soleing and I can have them fixed in camp if I can get the leather. You can send these things by Tom Whitted who will be coming to camp about the 10th or 12th inst. Please tell brother Joe that I got his overcoat from the Ballard House in Richmond. I be- lieve that I have written all the news that I know. Love to all. ‘Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A, GRAHAM P.S. March 6th. I did not send my letter off when I first wrote it as the mail did not go regularly and I thought the best chance would be to send it by some of the men going on furlough. I will send it by Mr Woods who leaves this evening or to-morrow morning. We are still quiet in Camp and I hope will remain so for some time. I wish you would send me the small blank book I told you I wanted when I was at home. I forgot to bring it with me when I left. It is about 6 or 8 inches square and is with the books on the right hand side of the fire place in the office. You can send it by Tom Whitted if you get this letter in time or by the first opportunity. I will send my overcoat home by the first opportunity as I do not need it now since I got brother Joe’s 182 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES in Richmond. Please send Lt. Strayhorn’s shirts, that I got for him in Raleigh to him if you have not done so. He is at home now I believe on sick furlough. Also please send Maj. Webb’s to Mrs. Thos. Webb. Capt. Dickson received his last night by Chas. Cooley. Maj. Webb & Capt. Dickson expect to go home about the last of this week on furlough. I heard a splendid sermon this morning from Rev. Mr Smith of Greensboro who is now acting temporarily as Chaplain of our Reg’t. We have preaching also every night. Our Brigade has constructed a very neat and very comfortable log house as a Chapel and we have preaching in it almost every day. I have quit chewing tobacco as you requested. I understand that Walter Thompson will not make another trip to our Brigade before the 4th of April. Must close. Tom Whitted will start camp on the evening of the 9th I expect. Love to all Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y March 19th 1864 My Dear MoTHER I received Father’s letter by Tom Whitted four or five days ago, also the book and half soles for my boots for which I am very much obliged. I was sorry to learn from Father’s letter that you were not very well and hope that you have entirely recovered your health by this time. The box of shirts and socks sent by the “Ladies Soldiers Aid Society of Hillsboro” came after Maj. Webb had started home and I distributed them to the most needy in the Reg’t as he re- quested me to attend to it if they came during his absence. Furloughs in this army were stopped about a week ago as the Government needed all the transportation to bring up rations. I suppose that they will start again in a few days, but do not know ; for the campaign may open at any time now. We have had pretty cold weather for a week past and there was a very slight fall of Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 183 snow a day or two ago. It has been cloudy for a day or two and I expect we are going to have falling weather as it is pretty near time for the eqe-noctial storms. I am glad to see that the exchange of prisoners has com- menced again and hope it may continue, for if they should happen to catch me this summer I want to be exchanged as soon as pos- sible and would not like the idea of spending a year or two in some Northern prison. I suppose that Johnny or Robert has given you a pretty full account of the engagement of Ransom’s Brigade with the Yankee negroes at Suffolk which was mentioned in the papers a few days ago. I have never yet met any of the negro soldiers and hope I never may. Rev. Mr. Smith of Greensboro, who has been preaching for us for two or three weeks past, left last Monday. I got a pr of pants from the Q. M. a few days ago and will send one pr of my blue pants home by the first opportunity. I wish you would send mea pound or two of Candles by Maj. ~ Webb. We have to give $1.50 to $2.00 for a single candle up here and very poor ones at that. I must close. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y NEAR ORANGE C. H. Va April 2d 1864 My Dear MoTHER I received your very welcome letter by Maj. Webb last Mon- day, also the candles and gloves; for which I am very much obliged. The gloves fit very well. You wished to know if the Government supplied the soldiers with bandages. They are given to the Surgeons for use at the hospitals and infirmaries, but never to the soldiers. If you will send some I will distribute them to the Company, though very few of them would take any care of 184 James SpruNT HistoricaAL STUDIES them and the most of them would use them in cleaning their guns or for other such purposes. Some of them would be very glad to get them. I receive two copies of the Biblical Recorder every week and give one of them to some one in the Company. Gov. Vance delivered an address to our Brigade and Kirk- land’s last Wednesday. He was to have spoken on Tuesday, but it rained all day. Willie was with him and spend Tuesday and a part of Wednesday with me. Every body seemed to be perfectly delighted with the Govenor and a large majority of the soldiers will support him in the coming campaign. All of the Generals came to hear him. Gen. Lee has heard him twice and Gen. Stuart follows him around and has heard him every time he has spoken yet. When he spoke to our Brigade Gen. Wilcox, Heth, Stuart and W. H. F. Lee were present. I went over to Lane’s Brigade yesterday. The Gov. did not speak as it commenced to rain just as the crowd collected. He will speak to that Brigade the first fair day and then will return to No. Ca as he has spoken to all the other N. C. Brigades in this army. His campaign in the army will do a great deal of good as he endeavors to cheer the soldiers up and put them in good spirits. He does not mention Holden at all in his speeches. The rain which commenced yesterday turned to a snow last night, but as the ground was perfectly wet the snow melts almost as soon as it falls. It has been snowing all the morning, but seems to be changing to a rain again. We have had a good deal of bad weather during the past two days and the roads are in a horrible condition, but I don’t care how bad they get or how long they remain so; for the campaign cannot commence till they get in good condition. I saw Jimmie Bryan yesterday. He is very well. Also Exam Lewis who has lately been appointed Lieut. in the 33d N.C. Reg’t. I hope you have fixed me up a box to send by Walter Thompson. I must close. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM THE JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 185 Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y Near ORANGE C. H. Va April 8th 1864 My Dear MoTHER As Lieut. Strayhorn starts home tomorrow morning and I can send a letter by him I will write to you to-night. Lieut. Stray- horn has a 30 days sick furlough. This is the day set apart by Congress for fasting and prayer and I don’t think I ever saw a day more strictly observed than this has been in our Brigade. All drills and duties of every sort have been suspended all day and camp has been more quiet than I ever saw it before. Everybody seemed to be impressed with the solemnity of the occasion and you could hear none of the noise about camp that you hear on every other day even on Sundays. The camp seemed almost deserted, for most of the men stayed in their tents and kept very quiet. I think that at least two thirds of our Reg’t fasted and I believe all the Regts in our Brigade did equally as well. We had preaching this morning and also to-night by Mr Dod- son chaplain of the 46th Reg’t. A different spirit seems to be prevading our troops from what I have ever seen and I feel that this is the last year of the war and hope that by this time next year we will be blessed with peace and will be an independent nation. We have had preaching in the Chapel every night, for the past two or three weeks, when the weather would permit and the house is almost always full. We have prayer meeting also every day at half past 12 o’clock which is very well attended. We have but - one Chaplain present with our Brigade now, but he is assisted by Capt. Larkins of our Reg’t who is a Baptist preacher. We have organised a “Soldiers Christian Association” in our Brigade which now numbers over 100 members, though it was only started this week. Several persons who are not members of the church have joined our Association, among them Capt. Dick- son of our Co. I hope that it may be the means of doing much good. 186 JAMES SpruNT Historica STUDIES It will not be long before the campaign will open and active operations commence for the winds and sun will soon dry up the roads. I hope that I may escape as well in this campaign as I have done heretofore, but many a one will be laid low before the summer is over. I feel confident that our arms will be successful in this summer’s campaign and hope that it may convince the Yankees that it is useless contending any longer. I think our transportation will be cut down this summer and will therefore send my uniform coat and blue pants home by the first opportunity for I dont want any uniform coat for summer wear. Walter Thompson has not arrived yet with his boxes, but I expect will be here to-morrow or Monday. I must close as it is about 11 o’clock. Good night. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca Inr’y— April 18th 1864 My Dear MortrHeEr I received your very welcome letter of 7th inst last Friday. I expected a box by Walter Thompson; but, when it did not come, I concluded that you did not know the time of his starting or you would have sent it and made myself contented. We get along pretty well now with regard to something to eat ; about as well as we did when we were allowed to purchase from the Commissary, for we draw sugar, coffee and molasses and we were not allowed to purchase them. We are allowed 4 cooks to each company and I draw rations for Alex as one of these cooks. We draw now meal, bacon, coffee, sugar, and molasses and get a plenty of all except meat. We get only %4 lb of meat per day, but I expect will get more ina short while. We can buy peas and other things of that sort from the sutler and in that way make out very well. You wished to know if it was true that Thompson lost a good many of his boxes when he came in February. I do not know as THE JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 187 I was at home at that time. He lost none this time and only one when he came at Christmas. I understand that Mr Troy will start from Salisbury on the 28th and you might send me a small box by him. It would not do to send much for we may be on the march by that time. A ham, a little hominy &c would suit very well. I wish you would send my shoes by Tom Whitted. He will start about the 27th or 28th also please send me 14 doz white col- lars as I will need some white collars when I get the position on Gen. Cooke’s staff as Inspector. I sent a coat and pr of boots home in a box by Walter Thompson. We still have preaching every night and a good many are being converted. Twenty two have joined the Baptist church. They were baptized by Mr Howerton, Chaplain of the 15 N. C. Regt yesterday evening. I must close as Webb is waiting for my letter. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM HILLSBoRO April 19th 1864 My Dear JAMES Yours of the 15th inst by Mr. A. Norwood was received yes- terday evening. I am gratified to learn, that Genl Cooke has of- fered you the appointment of Inspector and cannot doubt, that it will [be] confirmed in Richmond. The situation will relieve you from the fatigue of long marches, and give you more general ob- servation and opportunities of information and improvement. Promotion by succession in the line comes so slowly, that the expectation of that should not cause you to hesitate in accepting. I observe, that F. Nash upon being appointed to a similar place was allowed a visit home to fit out, and if allowable, you might do the same. You can take the sorrel mare I have here unless in the mean time I have the other bro’t from the plantation. This 188 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES has the best action, and is equal to any nag, for riding that I know. I suppose Wm can get you a saddle & briddle from the Quarter Master in Raleigh. I have also a decent pair of saddle bags, you can take, if you need them, but how shall these things be sent unless you come on? Your uniform also may require change or a new suit. I calculate on leaving home for Richmond on Thursday the 28th inst. Come by that time or before if you conclude to do so. Otherwise send me word where to send your Horse, and what equipment or money is necessary. We are all as well as usual. The weather cold & cloudy. The enrolling officers are here taking all from 17 to 50 years of age, kindly excepting the diseased. I hear today, that an expedition has gone down the Roanoke, with the new Gun boat & flotilla probably to attack Plymouth. I suppose Ransom’s Brigade may be in it but have not heard. I fear the new enlistment may take off my overseer & leave me again without one. Geo. & Aug. will be at home next Saturday. Wm will also come then. You have heard no doubt that Messrs Gaston & Manly were turned back by Butler at Fortress Monroe, for refusing to take the oath. They were there several days, and saw 5 or 6 negro Regiments in camp from their Hotel. Sudie is at school today. Your Mother sends love & that Mr Troy will go to your Regt the last of this month; if you are not coming home send her word, and she will send a box of pro- visions. Your Affectionate Father W. A. GRAHAM Lieut. J. A. GRAHAM RICHMOND SATURDAY EVENING April 30th/64 My Dear JAMES I send by Maj. Everett of the 3rd N. C. Regiment, a pair of Military shoes your mother had made for you. I hope they will Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 189 arrive safely by him or Capt. Thomas whom I hope he will meet with on the way. I left home yesterday at 2 A. M. arrived here this morning at 6 am staying at the Ballard— have not taken permanent lodgings. We had a letter from Robt giving full ac’t of the battles at Ply- mouth. He & John are both safe — in list a man Holsenback killed, 15 wounded including Lieut. Wilson. His Regt, 6 killed 69 wounded. He does not state our whole loss, it is believed to be 500. Clarke’s Regt suffered severely. Gen. Beauregard left Weldon yesterday evening on Southern train — and I was told then, NewBerne would be attacked today. Your mother & sister were well. Your Aunt Eliza had been with us a few days, but went to Kinston to see your Uncle John’s wife who has been quite ill. Geo. & August home last Saturday. Affectionately Yours W. A. GRAHAM Lieut. J. A. GRAHAM RICHMOND May 6th 1864 My Dear JAMES I write a line by Lieut. Strayhorn to say, that I called on Sec. War last Tuesday, in relation to your case. He was quite busy but promised to attend to it, and inform me. I have not heard from him yet. Your mother, I suppose has written you from home. A letter from your Uncle Morrison yesterday informed me of the death of your Aunt Mary on the 27th ult. the day I set off from home. She was a great sufferer & her dissolution, it is to be hoped is a happy relief tho she will be long mourned by me to whom she was always tenderly attached. As soon as you determine about your horse & equipments, let me know, and I will order the mare to be bro’t on and shall be glad to see you here. Since writing the foregoing I received the in- closed letter from the Sec. War saying there is no vacancy in Genl Cooke’s staff &c. If this is a mistake inform me, at once. I greatly regret that you shall be disappointed in the matter. Your 190 James SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES service entitles you to promotion. I suppose you can hardly ob- tain leave of absence till after the expected engagement. If you meet with no accident come down as soon as you can. Hokes force is ordered Northward, and I suppose NewBerne will not be attacked. Your mother writes me that John is noticed as con- spicuous for gallantry in the action at Plymouth. Richmond is full of excitement today — troops moving & militia turning out, in several directions. I trust you will be spared through the ordeal that awaits the army. Your Affectionate Father W. A. GRAHAM Lieut. Jas. A. GRAHAM GORDONSVILLE VA . May 9th 1864 My Dear MoTHER We have met the enemy at last and so far we have whipped him completely and I hope will continue to do so until we kill them out or drive them across the Rappahannock. On last Wednesday (4th inst) we left camp about 12 o’clock and started down the Plank Road to-wards Fredericksburg. We reached Mine Run about 15 miles from Orange C. H. that night. The Yankees had thrown their whole force across the River dur- ing the day. On Thursday morning about daylight we started again our division being in front, Kirkland’s Brigade leading and ours next. About 7 o’clock we came upon the Yankees and Kirk- lands Brigade was thrown into line of battle across the plank- road, skirmishers thrown forward, and soon we commenced driv- ing the enemy. Kirkland’s Brigade drove them till 11 o’clock (about 6 miles). Our Brigade was then thrown to the front and relieved Kirkland. We drove them for about an hour (about 2 miles) when we came upon their line of Battle. Our skirmishers fought their line of battle for some time, but were at last com- pelled to fall back to our line of battle which was now formed and ready for the Yanks. We were in the thickest forest of little trees that I ever saw. About four o’clock the enemy advanced THe James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 191 upon us three lines deep and soon we were at it hot and heavy. Though greatly out numbered, our Brigade and Davis’ which were in line stuck to them. After a short while they flanked our brigade on the right, but still we stood and fought them until Walker’s Brigade was thrown in on our right flank and brought us all right again. Kirkland’s Brigade was then thrown in to help us. I don’t know very much about the movements after this as I was struck about this time and had to get to the rear. I was struck by a minnie ball about two or three inches above the knee. The ball has not been extracted yet, but I am getting along splen- didly and will get a first rate 60 days furlough. I expect to go to Richmond to-day or to-morrow. Our Co suffered pretty severely. The loss as far as I know is as follows viz killed—R. C. Davis—wounded Sergt T. B. Whitted in head, Serg’t O. F. Hatch in leg & taken prisoner, Corp’! Jas. Miles in shoulder, Private Wm H Crabtree—in hip, G. M. Dorothy in face, M. Delany—arm broken, A, J. Forrest— hand, slight, D. C. Paul—hip, slight, M. Ray hand, slight, E. H. Strayhorn—neck, slight, Wm Thompson—head. I was not with the Company during the fight, but was with Gen. Cooke, and don’t know whether this is a full list or not. Maj. Webb had his arm broken on Friday Morning by a Yankee sharpshooter. He is with me and is getting along splendidly. I don’t think our Brigade has been actively engaged since Thurs- day evening, but can hear very little from the battle field except that we whip them every time and are still driving them. Capt. Walker Anderson, Ord. Off. of our Brigade was mor- tally wounded Thursday evening and died about 9 o’clock that night. I must close. Do not be at all uneasy about me as I have only a flesh wound and am doing first-rate. Love to all. I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM 192 JAMES SpruNT Historica STUDIES THE SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY Forward Packages by Passenger trains and Steamers, and Dis- patches to all parts of the Confederate States. Dispatched by Telegraph from Richmond May 16th 1864 To Mrs. W. A. Graham Ball extracted from James leg today. Doing well. W. A, GRAHAM [To Mrs. W. A. GRAHAM] [RicHMonpD Va] Wednesday Night May 18th I again resolve to send James with Mr Whitted, & his son, who expect to set off in the morning. His wound is doing well and I trust he will go through safely. Dr. De Rosset writes a letter to Dr. [Strudwick?] as to his case, and I hope, he will go through without injury & bear this to you. Robt Morrison arrived this afternoon from our camp 15 miles from here below Drewy’s bluff in quest of his brother Jo & I have sent him to his hospital. He had not seen John & Robt and I have not heard from them since Saturday last; I do not hear of any battle in which they could have suffered injury. Alvis Mcl. arrived today by Danville, & bro’t me your letter which I was rejoiced to receive. Great confidence is felt that Lee will keep back Grant and that Beaure- gard will prevail over Butler on the south side of James River. I hope the Danville road at best will now be kept open, and that I can communicate with you more frequently. I do not go with James because he will be well cared for by the way, and I do not wish to be absent from my seat. I will endeavor to get home im- mediately after the adjournment on the 31st inst. The news seems to be confirmed that our forces have been successful west of the Missi[ssippi] river. Genl Johnston has had a battle in Geor- gia—said to be successful in inflicting on the enemy great loss but has fallen back 20 miles from Dalton to Colbern. I have thought much of you & my dear daughter in your solitary home but hope soon to be with you. Ever Affectionately Yours W. A. GRAHAM, THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 193 In THE TRENCHES NEAR PETERSBURG Sept. 13th 1864 My Dear MoTHER I reached this place Sunday Night having been delayed 24 hours on the road by the train running off the track between Greensboro & Danville. I had to stay all day at Danville and Sunday at Burkeville Junction. I met Cousin Sophie Alexander at Greensboro and brought her on as far as Danville when she met Mr McGeehee and went to Milton with him. I did not come into the trenches until yesterday (Monday) evening and have not yet gotten accustomed to the whistling of the bullets & shells and dodge a good deal, much to the amusement of all the men who have become accustomed to them. I think however that after a few days I will not dodge so much. There is nothing like get- ting used to a thing. Robert came up to our Reg’t to see me yesterday but it was before I came in and I did not see him. He and Johnny were both well. Their brigade is about 500 yards to our left, Elliotts S. C. Brigade being between theirs & ours. I expect to go down to see them ina day or two. I am acting Inspector for Gen. Cooke but expect to return to the Co in a short time, as soon as my leg gets so that I can march a little better than I can now; for Capt. Dickson has made appli- cation to be put on the “retired list” and our Company is without any officer now. Dickson is looking quite badly and I am afraid never will be fit for anything again unless he is retired and can rest a while. Gen. Cooke asked me to return his thanks to you for the gloves, also to Father for the bottle of brandy. We have sharpshooting along the lines continually but there is very little danger if the men will not expose themselves unnec- essarily. Very few men of our Brigade have been hurt lately and I dont think there has been more than one struck in our Regt since we came in the trenches this time—about two weeks—and he exposed himself needlessly. We have some artillery firing also and now while I am writing the enemy are shelling the batteries 194 JAMES SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES to the right of our Brigade—about half a mile from me—pretty furiously. I need not tell you that I dodge pretty often when the guns fire, for you can see that very plainly by the blots in this letter. Just count each blot a dodge and add on a few, for I don’t dodge for every shot, and you can tell how we are getting on. I don’t find the trenches near as disagreeable as I anticipated, still I hope that we will be relieved before long and allowed to rest awhile, but if there is any fighting to be done outside I would prefer staying in the trenches. Love to all. Write soon I remain Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM NEAR PETERSBURG VA. Oct 6th 1864 My Dear MoTHER I have not received a single letter from either you or Father since I left home and it is now nearly a month. We have at last been relieved from the monotonous and tire- some duty of the trenches immediately in front of Petersburg and are now about four or five miles from the town. Old Grant has been kicking up a fuss for a few days past, but I don’t think he has gained anything by it ; at least on this side of the river and the little he did gain on the north side of the James I don’t think. amounts to much. Our Reg’t has lost very few men in this late fuss—not more than twenty at most and my company has lost none at all. My company has been very fortunate lately. We have lost no men since the Ream’s Station fight, Aug 25th, either in the trenches or out of them. I have not seen Fred Nash since my return, but heard from him yesterday. He is very well and has escaped unhurt so far. Please tell Mrs Roulhac that as I did not see Tom when I got to camp and was afraid of the pickles spoiling, as I had no vinegar to put to Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 195 them, I eat them up and did not share them with him as she wished. He sent to me once to know if I had brought anything for him and I sent him the letter and bundle, but the pickles were out at the wagon that day and I could not get at them then. My wound is getting better and does not pain me much now except in damp weather, but I have done very little duty since I returned and don’t think I can do much in some little time, espe- cially if we have much moving about to do. However I hope that before very long I will be able to go on duty all right. Iam glad to see by the papers that we are getting the better of the Yanks at almost all points in Georgia, Missouri, Southwestern Virginia, the Valley and elsewhere and also that we are able to hold our own so well at this point. I think that Grant will make some desperate attempts to do something during this month and before the end of this campaign, but I am in hopes that “Mars Bob Lee” will be more than enough for him wherever he shows himself. There is little or no news here and you can find out more from the papers than I could tell you. I was quite sick with a bad cold and dysentery about ten days ago, but have gotten entirely well again I believe. Love to all. Write soon. As ever Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM NEAR PETERSBURG VA Nov 5th 1864 Dear MoTHER I reached Petersburg last Saturday night and went out to Camp on Sunday. When I reached Greensboro on Wednesday morning and found that Cousin Laura Morrison would be there that evening I thought I would stay there Thursday. I stayed Thursday and on Thursday night was left as I was unable to get on the train on account of the crowd and found it impossible to get my boxes on. I therefore stayed there Friday and left for Camp Friday night. I left Robert’s valise & jug at our wagon 196 JaMEs SprRUNT HistoricaL STUDIES camp on Sunday and sent him word to send up and get them. He sent for them on Monday. I have not seen either Robert or Johnny since my return. We are about five or six miles apart and I have been pretty busy since my return. I returned to my Com- pany as soon as I came back and have been in command of it since that time. Capt. Dickson has been retired and I am now Capt. I wish you would send me what is left of my herrings and something else to eat by Walter Thompson when he comes on again. I think he will start about the 20th but you can find out. Send some lard & butter and anything else good to eat. We are getting pretty good rations now and have received one ration of brandy this week. It is the second time I have seen liquor issued as rations since we left Ft. Macon, but I understand that they will issue it again to-day, but I don’t think we will get any more soon. I suppose that Cousin Laura Morrison & Cousin Mollie Young have paid you their expected visit before this time as Cousin Laura told me she expected to go down soon after the Synod was over. I am on picket now and have to write on this dirty sheet of paper and with a pencil as it is the best I can get just now. There is no news. Love to all. Write soon Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Capt &c Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y NEAR PETERBURG VA Nov 16th 1864 DeEar MoTHER Weare having a very quiet time in Camp now. Contrary to the expectations of almost every body we have had no fight this month and I don’t think there is much chance of our fighting any more this campaign, at least about Petersburg. I wish things would settle down so that we could go into winter quarters ; for the winter seems to have set in in good earnest. Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 197 The nights are very cold and we have a heavy frost almost every morning. This is the day set apart by President Davis as a day of public worship and we will have no drill or military duties of any sort until Parade this afternoon. As it is getting so near winter and our men are needing gloves, cannot your “Soldiers Aid Society” send me about 30 or 40 prs of gloves for my company. Some socks also would be very ac- ceptable as the socks we draw are very inferior and we seldom draw any. Please ask father to bring my cloth on with him when he re- turns to Richmond and I will try and get a leave of three or four days to come to Richmond and have it made up. The cloth I got this fall is what I want him to bring. When you send me a box I wish you would send me some sorghum & onions as they are about the best things for us in Camp, also my herrings. I have a good many bottles that I will send you by the first opportunity if we don’t move camp; and I be compelled to leave them ; before I get a chance to send them. Please send me some postage stamps if there are any in Hills- boro. It is impossible to get any here. I must close as the mail carrier is waiting for my letter. Write soon. Love to all As ever Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH N. C. Inr’y Nov 23d 1864 My Dear MotuHeEr We are having a quiet but cold time up here now, It rained for nearly three days, but cleared up night before last and since then has been terribly cold. The ground has not thawed at all to- day and is freezing still harder to-night. Our men are, as a gen- eral thing, comfortably clad, but need blankets. 198 JaMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES We hope however to get a full supply of blankets to-morrow or next day and then we will be fixed for the winter. I do not look for any movement soon as the ground is so soft since the rain, except when it is frozen, that it will be almost im- possible for Grant to move in some time. I suppose that Father has returned to Richmond by this time. I want to go to Richmond and see him some time during the next month if everything keeps quiet and I can get off. I went to Petersburg to see Johnny & Robert about a week ago. They were both very well. Robert, I think looks fatter than I ever saw him before. I have not had a line from home since I left except a letter from Sister Julia received day before yesterday. Say to her that I will answer it in a few days. I do not much think that I will be able to get a furlough this winter, but will try to get one if possible. My wounded leg has gotten entirely well I believe as it has not pained me at all in some time. I hope your “Soldier’s Aid Society’ will send me the gloves for my company that I asked for in my last letter to you. I would have written this letter with pen & ink instead of pencil, but it is too cold to sit at the desk in the back part of the tent away from the fire. There is no news that I know as I have not read the papers in the past two or three days. Love to all. Write soon Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM [JouN WaSHINGTON GRAHAM, TO His MoTHER] 56TH Rect. N. C. TRoors RANsom’s BRIGADE “Trenches” near Petersburg Va Nov. 27th 1864 My Dear MotTHeErR My Regiment still occupies the same position as when I last wrote and the same state of comparative quiet prevails along our immediate front. I presume the enemy are well posted as to our strength & position of Regiments as desertions from the 24th Tue JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 199 Regiment on our left have been quite frequent of late, and some few cases from the Regts on our right. I am glad to say that there have been none from my Regiment in a good while, though I cant say how soon they may catch the infection. The 24th has lately received over 150 conscripts which has caused the trouble, in some cases old soldiers joining them. The men who have stayed at home, since the beginning of the war are for the most part, either miserable cowards or impregnated with Holdenism—(al- though they were afraid to vote for him) that it is very doubtful whether the efficiency of the army is increased by bringing them into service. Lieut. James M. Clarke is now at home and I asked him to bring a box back with him for me. If you can fix one for me please send some biscuits—as we draw meal altogether now, and a cake would be acceptable. I would like to have my uniform coat and vest and three linen shirts and some socks that will fit. Lieut. Robert T. Faucett will be at home in a few [days?] on eighteen days leave from this date and will bring any thing you do not send by Lieut. Clarke. There is a book “Broom’s Commentaries on Common Law” that I would like to have, as it is very probable we will re- main in this position during the winter. Although the Northern papers as well as our own say that Grant is to make a grand at- tempt for the capture of Richmond in a short time and that he is to be assisted by a terrible fleet of Iron-Clads, which will be car- ried through the Dutch Gap Canal, which is now represented as nearly completed. Genl Lee is in fine spirits though very active and has moved his Hd Ors. out of Petersburg but I dont know where he is gone. Robert is as well as usual. I have not seen or heard of Jimmie since I last wrote. I have not heard whether Grant has returned from New Jersey or not, but presume he has as their papers say the Iron-Clads have moved up from Fortress Monroe. I have not received a letter from you this month, I dont think, and hope you will answer this one. My best love to Sisters Sudie, Julia and Betty. ‘With much love, Your afft son Joun W. GRAHAM 200 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y Dec 3d 1864 My Dear MoTHER I have not received a letter from you since I left home more than a month ago and have not heard from home at all except a letter received from sister Julia about ten days ago and a letter from father after his return to Richmond. I expect to try to get a leave of absence for three or four days to visit Richmond about Monday week (12th inst) and will then have my uniform made. I do not think there will be any possibility of my coming home this winter as so many of the officers of our Regt have to go before my time comes. We have built our Winter Quarters and are very comfortably fixed up. Maj. Webb, Capt. Sloan from Greensboro and myself have a house together and expect to have a fine time this winter if Grant will only let us remain quiet. The weather has been so pleasant for the last week that I have expected the Yanks to move: most any day, but we have been unmolested so far and I am in hopes that they will not move any more this winter. I wish you would send me a Christmas box by Walter Thompson. He will start on the 16th of December as you will see by his advertisement in the Hillsboro Recorder. Please send me a turkey, some chickens, butter, vegetables, sorghum, apples, a big cake, some “slapjacks”, a pound or two of sugar, a few eggs, and two or three bottles of brandy, as I want to have a regular good time Christmas if ‘Old Grant” will only let us alone. Also please send me my calf skin and leather for my boot legs: cut out by the enclosed pattern (2 of them) and sole leather for the soles & heels; as I want to have a pair of boots made by a No 1 shoe maker in my company, Willis can cut off the leather for the soles of the boots & the legs. Tell him to cut the legs so. ™ that the bottom of them will be from the thickest part of the: leather. Please send me some sewing thread & buttons as I have: not a single button or a foot of thread and therefore could not do any mending on my clothes if they needed any. I am afraid that: Tue JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 201 Iam asking for too many things at once, but as I have got in a ‘begging mood I hardly know where to stop. We are getting only tolerable rations now meal and fat, strong bacon or Nassau pickled pork and anything in the shape of something to eat would be very acceptable. My company is getting along splendidly and I think I have one of the best companies in the Confederate Army or, if they are not so already, I intend to make them so before I am done with them. I am thinking of starting a school in my company this winter if we can only remain quiet, so as to teach every man in it at least to read and write, even if I don’t have time to teach them any thing more. It would be a good way of passing the long weary hours of these winter days and long nights and besides would be of quiet benefit to many in the company. I wish that we could have schools all over the army, for the men would be glad of any thing of the sort to pass off the time and, I have no doubt, would take great interest in them. Dont forget to ask the “Soldier’s Aid Society” for the gloves and socks I wrote for some time ago, as the winter is now upon us and a man without gloves fares rather badly when he has to handle his guns these cold days. Our men are all pretty comfort- ably clad now as we drew a lot of clothing a few days ago, but some of them are needing shoes. We hope however, to get a lot of shoes in a few days now. There is no news along our lines, though a few days ago I thought that before this time we would have had a fight with the Yanks. Be sure and send me a big box by Walter Thompson with all sorts of good things in it for Christmas. Love to all. Write soon and believe me ever Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM 202 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y Dec 7th 1864 My Dear MoTHER I was very glad to receive your very welcome letter of Nov 29th a day or two ago. I did not expect a box by Walter Thomp- son when he came last time as I saw by his advertisement that he would only bring boxes for the hospitals and the prisoners and I had no idea that he would come to Petersburg Va. I hope how- ever that you will send me a big box Christmas, and dont forget to send the leather for my boots about which I wrote you four or five days ago. I don’t know what ever became of the jar & bottles I started to send you by David Parks. I expect they are lost. I will try to get a large lot of bottles and send them to you by Walter Thompson when he returns after his trip here this month. Bottles are very scarce about here now. I am sorry that the impressing officer took your. carriage horses, but suppose that he made a pretty clean sweep as he went. Iam very glad they did not take my horse. I am sorry to hear that Sudie and Sister Julia have been sick and hope they are entirely well again by this time. We have finished our Winter Quarters and are all very com- fortably fixed up. Everything is perfectly quiet along our lines and I hope may remain so. The news from Georgia has been a great deal better for the past three or four days than before and I hope they may yet give Sherman a lively time before he reaches the sea-coast. I expect to go to Richmond next Monday to spend two days. There is no news. Love to all Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM THe JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 203 Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y Dec 18th 1864 My Dear MotTHER Your letter of 9th inst was received a few days ago. It is the second letter I have received from you since I left home in Octo- ber. You mentioned having written three, but the third one has never reached me. | would not write this morning as it is Sunday but I have a good chance to send this by one of my men (New- man) who starts home this morning. I can hear the Yankee guns now pegging away at or near Petersburg very plainly. It sounds as though they were firing salutes, for they fire very regularly and I suppose they are celebrating a victory gained somewhere. Whenever they gain a victory now they fire shotted salutes on the lines around Petersburg. Possibly Sherman has taken Savannah, but I hope not. When we were in the trenches they shelled up pretty strong the mornings after they heard of Early’s defeats in September. We finished adding another room to our house yesterday and are now very comfortably fixed as we have two rooms, one for a sitting room and the other for sleeping. My feet have not yet recovered from the effects of the hard march we took last week and are still very sore. I expect to start to Richmond to-morrow morning, if my fur- lough comes back this evening approved. I see by the N. C. papers received yesterday that Mr. T. S. Ashe has been elected Senator from N. C. in place of Mr Dortch. I hope he will make a better Senator than Mr Dortch did. No news. Love to all. Write soon As ever Your affectionate son Jas. A. GRAHAM 204 JaMEs SpruNT HistToricaAL STUDIES Camp 27TH No. Ca. Inr’y Dec 24th 1864 My Dear MotTHER I received your very welcome letter of 16th inst yesterday evening when I returned from Richmond also the box; for which Iam very much obliged. Johnny & I went to Richmond Wednes- day morning and returned yesterday. I am having my uniform coat made in Richmond at $350, an enormous price, but every- thing is horribly high now. I thought that I could have my pants made at home better and cheaper than I could there. I wish you would let Amanda cut and make my pants & vest by the pattern of those Carmichael cut for me last summer as they fit very well. The things in my box were in very good condition and Maj. Webb, Capt Sloan & I expect to have a big dinner next Monday. Everything on our lines is perfectly quiet and I hope may remain so. I was at Ransom’s Brigade yesterday and took dinner with Robert. He and Johnny are both very well. I have not time to write more as I wish to send this by Alex and he wished to leave pretty soon. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A GRAHAM P. S. I wish you all a happy Christmas and would be glad if I could spend it with you Your Son J.A.G. Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’y Dec 30th 1864 My Dear MotHER I wrote to you last Saturday by Alex, but he was in such a hurry to leave that I had time to write only a short note. We had a very pleasant time last Monday. Maj. Webb, Capt. Sloan and I had a big Christmas dinner and invited about a dozen friends so that our Christmas passed off very pleasantly. I wanted Johnny & Robert to come down that day, but they could not get off. Our Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 205 bill of fare for dinner was bacon & cabbage, turnips, potatoes fried & boiled, ham, chicken, turkeys, geese, beef &c with cake for dessert. It was the best dinner I have ever yet seen in camp and I enjoyed it, especially as I had to go on picket that night in the rain. I received the gloves and gave them to my company. Please return my thanks to the ladies for them. I believe it is customary to return thanks for such things through the paper, but I am no hand for newspaper writing. I intended sending you a lot of bottles by Alex but I had no way to send a box to town and Alex could not carry it on his shoulder as it is about 8 miles. I will however send them as soon as I can. Our Band starts to North Carolina to-morrow to give concerts to raise money to purchase schoolbooks for this Brigade. We are going to establish a school in each Reg’t while we are in Winter Quarters and I hope much good may result from it. The band will be in Hillsboro on Wednesday & Thursday I expect. We have had no mail for about ten days until to-day and only a small one then. I dont know what is the matter with the mail but I hope it may come regularly now; for, if we are deprived of the mail, we will fare but poorly in camp as we have very little pleasure now except from the letters & papers we get. Everything is quiet on our lines and, from the state of the weather I think is likely to remain so for some time. As the mails are so irregular I will send this by one of the Band who will mail it some where on the road. Write soon Love to all. As ever Your Affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM 206 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES Camp 27TH No, Ca. InF’y Jan 13th 1865 My Dear MoTHER I received a letter from George, written for you a day or two ago. We are having a quiet time in camp now nothing at all to bother us except the mud and that dont bother us much; for we know that as long as the ground keeps in the condition it now is it will be impossible for the Yanks to make any movement. We have had rain about twice a week for three or four weeks past, mixed with a little snow now and then, and now the roads are worse than I ever saw them before. Iam sorry to hear that the late rains have broken the Danville Rail Road as it will interfere with our men going home on fur- lough, by compelling them to go around by Weldon and they then have to walk to the end of the Weldon R. R. which is some twenty five or thirty miles from here. George writes me that Father intends trying to get a place for him as midshipman in the Navy. I hope he may succeed for I would dislike very much for him to have to enter the army as a private now. Robert came down to see me last Monday. He expects to start home next Monday on furlough and I expect, if he succeeds in getting his furlough, he will be at home before this reaches you, for the mails are very irregular now. How did you like our Band? I miss them very much; for it seems quite lonely to have no music at all after hearing the Band twice a day for so long a time. I had a most delightful time last Tuesday on picket in the hardest rain I think I ever saw, wading about in mud and water knee deep nearly all day, but what fun is there in a soldier’s life unless he can have some such good times as that now and then. I think there is some chance of my getting a furlough in about two months if all things keep on straight, for the officers of our Regt are getting furloughs pretty fast now and my turn will come after a while. Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 207 I must close as it is about sunrise and the mail leaves about that time. Love to all. Write soon. Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH N.C. INF’y Jan 18th 1865 My Dear MoTHER As one of my men starts home on furlough to night I will write you a short letter by him. We have had little or no mail for ten days past as the Rail Road has been broken somewhere between Greensboro and Dan- ville by the rains of week or two ago. I hope you enjoyed the music made by our Band while they were in Hillsboro. I think very likely that I shall take charge of the school we intend estab- lishing in our Reg’t. Don’t you think I’ll make a No 1 school teacher especially when things don’t go to suit me? I intended going to Richmond about this time to pay Father a visit and to get my coat, but as I think there is a slight chance of my getting a furlough to come home about the latter part of March and was afraid this might interfere with it, I have con- cluded not to apply for leave at this time. Everything is perfectly quiet on our lines at present and there is plenty of mud everywhere about here. I am sorry to hear that the Yankees have taken Fort Fisher, but it was nothing more than I expected. I expect most of the people about home now are wearing long faces and looking “blue” as they always do whenever we meet with a little reverse. If some of them could only come up here and catch the good spirits of the soldiers I think they would feel better. I have not time to write more as Cooley wants to start very soon. I think I am in as good health as I ever was in my life and am growing fleshier every day. If I could only keep on in this way 208 JAMES SpruntT HistoricaL STUDIES ~ long enough I think I would be as large as a grown man after a while. Love to all. Write soon As ever Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. Inr’y Feb’y 4th 1865 My Dear MotTHER Alex reached camp day before yesterday evening, bringing me a bag of eatables which is very acceptable about this time as our rations now & then will sometimes get a little short, on ac- count of the breaks in the Rail Roads caused by the rains of some two or three weeks ago. I was sorry to hear from brother Joe’s letter that you were unwell and I hope you have entirely recovered by this time. I would like very much to be at home now while sister’s rela- tives are with you. I think it very likely that I will get a furlough about the last of this month or the lst of March, but there is no certainty about such things now-a-days. The flag, made by the young ladies of Hillsboro for our Reg’t, was presented by me to the Regt day before yesterday evening and was received by Capt. Joyner of Pitt Co. Mrs Gen. Cooke and some other ladies were present on the occasion. I have got my schoolhouse built and think I shall commence the duties of the school on Monday. I feel very little in the humor for letter writing this morning and would not write at all, but it has been more than a week since I have written home and J make it a point to write once a week, at least. I am in as good health as I ever was in my life and am having a pretty good time generally, though it has been so cold lately that we could hardly drill or do anything else. No News. Love to all. Write soon Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 209 Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y— Feb 6th 1865 My Dear Moruer We met the enemy yesterday evening and had a pretty sharp fight, but I am glad to say that I escaped unhurt. About ten o’clock yesterday morning it was reported that the enemy were moving to our right. We soon had our Brigade in fighting trim and ready for them. We were moved about from one point to an- other till about 4 o’clock when we came up with the Yanks and drove them to their works. Here we fought them till after dark when we drew off. There were only two casualties in my company viz. B. F. Holloway mortally wounded (died this morning about daylight) and W. J. Dickson wounded in arm severely, but not dangerously. I am very sorry for Holloway’s death as he was as good a man as I had in my company. We returned to camp about 9 o’clock last night and I hope it is over with for the present. Somehow whenever there is any flanking or dirty fighting to be done Cooke’s Brigade has to take the lead. I hope they will put some other Brigade ahead next time. Don’t be at all uneasy about me for I think the Yankees only wished to advance their lines a little and will now keep quiet. I am a strong peace man to-day, as I always am after a fight, and sincerely wish the Yankees would make peace and go home and let us alone. I still hope that I will get a furlough about the last of this month or the first of March. Love to all Write soon Affectionately your Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. INF’-y— Feb 24th 1865 My Dear MorHer I expected to have started home on furlough in two or three days from this time, but this morning my furlough was returned 210 JAMES SpruNT HistoricAL STUDIES disapproved and I will not be able to get a furlough this spring as all officers furloughs are stopped. I was very anxious to get home this spring before the cam- paign opened, but I shall have to wait until next fall unless I am as fortunate this summer as I was last. I think it will not be very long now before the campaign opens with us and I sincerely hope and pray that our arms may be successful and that I may escape through it all unhurt. I wish you would have me a pair of good stout coarse pants made, for I expect to take it rough this summer and to carry very little baggage besides what I carry on my back. I suppose that Robert & Johnny have returned to camp by this time, but I have not seen them yet. I expect, however, to go up to their Regt in a few days. Their are several preachers with our Brigade now among them Mr Wingate & Mr Pritchard from Raleigh—and they are trying to start a revival, but it seems to work rather slowly. There has been a good many desertions from our army lately, but I am proud to say that I have never yet had a deserter from my company and I sincerely hope I never may have. There is no news in our camp at all. I have not time to write more as Mr Smith is ready to start and waiting for my letter. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM Camp 27TH No. Ca. InF’y March 8th 1865 My Dear MoTHER Contrary to my expectations we have had no fight on our lines yet, and I am beginning to think that we will not have one soon; for I believe that Grant will wait for Sherman & Co to develop their plans fully before he tries us. The spirits of our troops are improving every day and I hope they will soon be all right again. There have been a great many desertions lately, but my company had never had one since the Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 ZAit war commenced until one night last week when four of my men deserted to the Yankees. Their names were W. T. Cape, W. A. Crabtree, W. H. Crabtree and D. C. Paul. I had prided myself a good deal on never having had a de- serter and hoped that I would never have one. I can’t see how any man in his senses can desert if he will only think of it for a moment. Most of the desertions lately have been caused by let- ters from home. If the people at home would only write cheering letters to their friends in the army instead of counselling them to commit this base crime everything would go on so much better with us, I went to Richmond last Friday and returned to camp Sunday. Father was very well. I saw Johnny & Robert on Sunday. They were also well. I wish you would send me by the first opportunity two prs socks as these I have are nearly worn out. Also please send the pants I wrote to you about sometime ago. I received Sudie’s letter a day or two ago in which she stated that you would send me something by Walter Thompson. He has not yet arrived but we are looking for him every day. I saw yesterday a Yankee paper of the 5th inst. containing Lincoln’s inaugural address. It was very short little over half a column. He called slavery an offence in the sight of God and said that this war was sent upon us as a punishment for that offence and that perhaps “it would continue till every drop of blood drawn by the lash was repaid by that drawn by the sword’’. He quoted a good deal from the Bible and I think was really sacreligious in some parts of it. Day after to-morrow is the day set apart by President Davis as a “day of fasting, humiliation & prayer” and T hope it may be strictly observed both by the army and the people at home, for we need God’s help in this our time of trouble, and I believe that he will yet bring us out of all our trials and enable us to triumph over the Yankees. There is no news in our camp. Love to all. Write soon, Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM, 212 James SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES Camp 27TH N. C. Inr’y March 20th 1865 My Dear MoTHER As Mr Thompson of my company starts home on furlough this morning I will write you a short letter by him. I send you my coat which I wish you would have fixed up for me. If you think it will do to wear longer without turning please have it cleaned up or, if not, please have it turned. The sleeves. are too short and I wish you would put cuffs on them so as to make them 114 inches longer. If you have any nice grey cloth it would do or, if not, the blue pants I sent home by Father would make very nice cuffs. They are too small for me. You mentioned in your last letter, received two days ago, that you had received a package from me containing a coat, pr pants & vest. It must have been from Robert or Johnny for I have not sent any clothes. home except my new coat & boots and the blue pants. I left them with Father when I was in Richmond last. I received my box by Thompson and it came in very good time for rations were rather short just then. I have gotten a pair of pants from our Q. M. and will not need the coarse pants, I wrote for, just now. I was very glad to hear yesterday afternoon that Hoke had whipped the Yankees again about Kinston and I sincerely hope: that Sherman will be stopped before he reaches our part of the state. I was in hopes that we would remain quiet for some time longer, but about two hours ago we received orders to be ready to move. I hope, however, that we may not move and that these orders were given so that we might be ready to move in case of necessity. I will write to you again in a day or two and let you know if we do move. It is now 4 o’clock A. M. and I must stop and pack up my valise. Tell Sudie I will answer her letter before long. I would write to her this morning, but I have not time. Love to all. As ever Your affectionate Son James A. GRAHAM Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 PANS, P. S. Please send my coat back by Thompson. He will leave Hillsboro about the 5th of April as his furlough is out on the 7th— 7 o’clock A. M. P. PS As we have not moved yet I don’t much think we will so you need not be at all uneasy about me Your &c Mite on ON THE Picket LINE March 26th 1865 My Dear FATHER I telegraphed you yesterday afternoon that Johnny & Robert ‘were wounded. Johnny is wounded in both legs above the knee, ball passing in front of the bone in right leg & behind the bone in left. The Surgeon who examined his wound told me that it was not dangerous, though quite a severe wound. Robert is wounded in left leg below the knee—a slight wound that will give him about 30 days furlough. They are at the house of a Mr. Johnson, in Petersburg, who says that his father was a friend of yours; and were both doing very well when I left them yesterday afternoon. They were wounded in a charge on the enemys works yester- day morning in which we were very successful at first, but I think we were rather worsted toward the end; still on the whole we got rather the better of the enemy. Our brigade was not engaged, though present and under a good deal of shelling. Part of our Brigade was engaged yesterday evening, but lost very few men. None of my company were hurt, but one, C. L. Dunnagan, taken prisoner. I am on picket to-day with the enemy pretty close to me, but everything is perfectly quiet. Col. Webb escaped unhurt also all the officers of Roberts company. I have not heard whether Lt. Roulhac was hurt or not. Among the officers captured was Col. Jas. T. Morehead Jr (53d N. C.) from Greensboro & Col. H. A. Brown (1st N. C.) from Wilkesboro. I have slept only about 6 214 JAMES SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES hours in the past two nights and feel a good deal used up, but I think I will sleep all day to-morrow, as I will be relieved in the morning ; and thereby make up for lost time. I cannot write more at present. Love to all. Write soon to Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM. CuHar.orTteE, N. C. May 20th 1865 My Dear MoTHER I expect you think I have been a long time in writing to you. but I have been going around to the plantations and out in the country where I have had no chance to send any letters any where. I received Father’s telegram last Sunday and came down to Charlotte on Tuesday to meet him, but he did not come. Robert reached here Wednesday night and I went with him to his place on Thursday. He told me that Father expected to be here last night so I came back yesterday for him. I received his telegram to-day stating that he would be up on Tuesday 23d inst and will wait here for him. None of the negroes at the plantations have left yet that I have heard of and when I left the Eirhart place last Tuesday they were working better than they had done in some time past. Two at Robert’s place (Sam & Hilliard) spoke of leaving but had not done so up to Friday morning. Two of Aunt Violet’s have left, one of them hiring herself to a Jew and the other setting up for herself. Some of the people here have none at all remaining and the town was filled the first part of this week with negroes from the country, but the Yankees arrest them and put them to work clean- ing up the streets, whenever they find them idling about; so that most of them have returned home or at least left town. I am very glad to hear that so few have left you. George is up at Eirharts and I expect is having quite a lonely time since I came down, but he can amuse himself shooting squirrels for there is plenty of them about there. The house that brother Joe occupied here, THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 215 nearly opposite Aunt Violet’s, is for sale. Stanhouse, a Jew, who owns it asks $500 in specie, but that would be rather hard to raise now I expect. Almost everybody about here is very anxious for Father to run for Governor and it was reported about a week ago that he was a candidate. Charlotte is filled with Yankee soldiers, one whole division being camped here, but they behave themselves pretty well as a general thing. All of Aunt Violet’s family are very well except Cousin Alice who has been suffering with a cold for a day or two past. Cousin Wm Morrison is a good deal better and is now able to be up and about. All the rest of our relations are very well. Love to all. Write soon. As ever Your affectionate Son Jas. A. GRAHAM CHarorte, N. C. May 30th 1865 My DEAR FATHER Jim & Ben came up here yesterday from the S. C. plantation on their way to Hillsboro bringing a letter from Wallace to you which I send enclosed. It seems that Fred had gone to the plantation and told them there that you and Mother said that all of them who had children down at home must come and take them away immediately and they were on their way after their sons John & Mike. I told them they had better go _ back to the plantation and go to work and if you wanted their children up here you would send them up. They went back this morning. They said that everything was getting on very well at the plantation, all hands working well and intending to remain, at least until you came up and that they would never have thought of leaving the plantation if Fred had not brought them this message about their children. They said that Fred left the plantation on Sunday saying that he was going back to 216 JAMES SprunT HistoricaAL STUDIES Hillsboro, but there is no telling where he has gone. I saw him here last week when I was expecting you up and he told me he was on his way to Robert’s place, but I believe I wrote you about that last week. Some of the Yankee Cavalry paid a visit to the Eirhart place last Sunday week (21st) and took six or seven bushels of corn, 270 lbs of fodder, 28 lbs of bacon & 14 Ibs of flour. The Lieut. in charge gave George a receipt for it but when I presented it to the Q. M. here for payment he said it was worth nothing and George went over to Concord yester- day to see the Lieut. and make him give a proper voucher so that he could collect the money. None of the negroes have left the Eirhart place yet, though Ephrain, Mose, Henderson & Johnson were somewhat in the notion of going off with the Yankees when they were there. Johnson started with them, but Phoebe made him come back. They, are all working very well now and say they intend to remain until you come up. Sam & Hilliard left Robert, but Sam has returned. Our negroes have done better than any others I know of, for almost every body I can hear of has lost some if not all. A great many persons in this section are anxious for you to run for Gov. and I have been asked by a good many if I thought you would consent to become a candidate. I told them I knew noth- ing. . [ UNSIGNED] GRAHAM ALAMANCE Co., N. C. Oct 17th 1876. Cuas. E, MILLER Esg My Dear Sir Your favor of 4th inst to hand a few days ago. I have been so engaged, both with law business and politics, (as we are now in the midst of a heated political contest) that I have not had the time, before this, to write you as fully as I would wish or as I think your letter deserved. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 217 Iam comparatively a young member of the bar myself, having been practising only since 1866. I finished my college course in 1860 and then, the late war coming on soon after, carried me, as well as the rest of the young men of the South, to the tented field instead of peaceful pursuits ; so that I only obtained license to practice law after the end of the war. I am, however, always willing to extend any courtesy I can to any member of the bar, whether from the North or the South; and especially to give any information I can concerning my native state. We have, I think, one of the finest climates the sun ever shone upon and, to take our State from the seaboard to the mountains, we produce nearly everything that the other states do. In the East we have the pine lumber, tar pitch turpentine and other naval stores, cotton hemp, corn &c. In the middle, or Piedmont section, we have some cotton, but our principal products are tobacco and grain. We are also a manufacturing people in this section, hav- ing seven cotton factories in this county alone, besides, others in the surrounding counties. In the west we have the finest fruits of the world, besides grain and, in the southwestern counties, cotton. Minerals abound in the western part of the State viz: gold, copper, Iron &c and even in this section we are work- ing all three of these. In the adjoining County of Guilford there is one of the finest iron mines in the United States and parties are now mining the ore and shipping it North for the purpose of making steel,—it being the best they can find in the U. S. We have also, in the West, marbles—black, parti-colored, flesh col- ored, white, &c; mica, lead &c. Our eastern counties furnish marl in large quantities, which is a far better, and more accessible manure, than many, or in fact all, of the guanos and other nos- trumes that our farmers get. In a word, we are the only State in the Union that furnishes every thing that can be produced in the United States. This is shown by the census reports of 1870. Sheep husbandry and cattle raising have much attention in sev- eral parts of the State, especially in the west and our people are making money from them. 218 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcAL STUDIES As to the finances of our State; it was once wealthy and, be- fore the late war, our bonds sold in the market of New York at a higher rate than those of any other State. By the war, we lost all of our slaves as well as much of our other property ; our banks were, at the end of it, almost insolvent and our people very much impoverished. Under the reconstruction acts a new constitution was adopted in 1868, by a Convention—very few of the members of which had any interest with our people or paid any taxes. They submitted it to the people but only gave them 27 days to consider this whole upturning of our fundamental law and as 20,000 of our best men were disfranchised and 80,000 negroes, recently freed, were al- lowed to vote it was adopted by about 19,000 majority. Since then changes have been made in it by the votes of both political parties. So that it is now better suited to our people and by the election held on Nov 7th we hope to make further changes which will make it nearer suited to our condition. We are a rural people and our country, generally, sparsely settled. Our new constitution was, in its principal points, a copy of the Constitution of New York & Ohio. Now can you make a coat that fits a fat man weighing 300 Ibs, fit a man that weighs 120 Ib and very lean at that, without some alterations ? But I was speaking of our finances. The Legislature of 1868-9 and 1869-70 by appropriations for various schemes for which they were paid—as is shown by the confession of some of their mem- bers—increased our State debt $26,000,000. $13,000,000 of this has been declared to be unconstitutional by our Supreme Court. At the beginning of the war our debt was $8,000,000. Interest has accumulated since then. I have not the report before me and do not know that I can get it in time to mail with this letter, but our debt including Ante war debt, the debt incurred during the war— under acts passed before—for internal improvements and the $13,000,000 wild cat or special tax bonds not yet declared uncon- stitutional, amounts to $34,000,000 or $35,000,000. Our people will never pay these special tax bonds. Both parties are opposed to it. The tax in our county this year—including State tax & Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 219 county tax, schools &c is on the $100 worth of property and $ on the poll. So much for finances ; and now as to politics. You say “I shall hold to my opinions, and” “if asked, shall express them but will not intrude them upon” “‘any one” &c. I can assure you that any man coming into the State of North Carolina with the purpose of becoming a citizen and identifying himself with the people, can both hold and express his political sentiments without interruption. Shortly after the war we had an influx of what we called “carpet baggers”—-men who came here only for their own advantage, who had, nor never intended to have, any interest here ; but who came simply as commorants to prey upon the people ; who came simply seeking offices for the pay & bribery that they could get from them and who, as soon as they could not get office or make money by unfair means from us left the state or dropped into insignificance and who when they did get office used it to upturn all our civil and social relations and for their own advantage alone; fleecing our people at the rate of $500 to $25,000.00 for the privilege of having any measure passed through the body of which they were members &c. I speak by authority in this for Judicial investigations have shown such to have been the case. It was my fortune to have been a member of the Legislature which authorized a part of these investigations. Such men as these we have always denounced and do still denounce. A few of our own men joined with them and they fleeced us well. I have yet to hear of a man who came to make this his home and to be one of our people—as I understand you to wish to do—being interfered with or interrupted in any way. We are always glad to welcome such among us. We have sev- eral northerners in our county who have come here and become citizens since the war. They always express their sentiments freely. The same is the case in the adjoining counties of Guilford & Orange. I know several prominent republicans among them. There was some trouble in this county & the adjoining county of Caswell in 1869-70, called the Ku Klux troubles—in which our Governor (Holden) attempted to put the military above the civil 220 JAMES Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES authority, because, as he said, the civil law could not be enforced ; but, as we believe, for the purpose of compassing his political ends in that election—but they have long since died out and I think I can safely say there is no more quiet people upon the face of God’s universe than the people of this section. And now leaving politics, I will say for law that by the change of our constitution in 1868 the law, in this section at least, was nearly killed. We had the Old English Common law practice here before that, but now we have the New York system. It doubles the trouble for half the pay. We have 3 attornies in this county, but the business is so dull at present (owing partly to the panic) that we hardly make a living. In the cities it is better. Our village only numbers 502 and our county 11,871. I could hardly advise you to come to this section to practice law. I will give you the names of some attornies in other sections of the State, (with their politics) that you may write to them, if you desire, to get further information, viz: Hon W. N. H. Smith (dem) Raleigh N C; Hon A. S. Merriman (dem) Raleigh N C; Hon W. T. Dortch (dem) Goldsboro N. C.; W. T. Faircloth (Republican ) Goldsboro N. C.; H. R. Bryan Esq (dem) Newbern N. C. A. G. Hubbard (Rep) Newbern N. C.; Col Robt Strange (dem) Wilmington N. C.; Hon D. L. Russell (Rep) Wilmington N. C.; J. H. Wilson Esq (dem) Charlotte N.C. W. H. Bailey (rep) Charlotte N. C.; J. M. McCorkle (Rep) Salisbury N. C. J. S. Henderson (dem) Salisbury N. C.; W. S. Ball Esq (Rep & a northern man) Greensboro N. C.; Thos. B. Keogh (Rep & a northern man) Greensboro N. C., S. M Scott Esq (dem) Greensboro N. C. Jas. H. Merriman (dem) Asheville N. C. A.C. Avery (dem) Morganton N.C. C.S. Winstead Esq (Rep) Roxboro N.C. I will be glad to answer any other inquiries you desire to make, and I can assure you we desire new settlers, whether from the North or from foreign countries and are always glad to welcome them. I would refer you also to my brother & partner Maj. Jno. W. Graham of Hillsboro, Orange Co. N. C. He can give you a THE JAMeEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 221 far better statement of the financial condition of N. C. than I can, as he has made it a special study. Very Respectfully Yours Jas. A. GRAHAM RICHMOND VA Aug 4, 83 Dear Capt. Yours from Fort Hamilton rec’s. Your understanding of the battle of Reams Station Aug. 25, ’64, as expressed in your letter, agrees exactly with my knowledge, so far as I saw. McCrae’s, Cooke’s & Lane’s Brigades certainly took the works and I never heard that there was any later charge made by infantry that evening. Capt Evans’ letter mentions no date whatever, tho I take it he refers to the 25 Aug. fight. I hardly think reply necessary in this case but if you do, would suggest that you use Genl Lee’s telegram to the War Dept, which ought to settle the matter. Tis probable the Fayetteville Observer writer will set the matter straight. I will see Mr. Jones and may be able to get Heth’s and Hill’s reports of this battle. You may have heard Mahone claimed that he captured the guns taken that day; when Hill replied to him, that he had nine guns captured by so & so, and he would be glad if he would send those he, Mahone, had captured to his Hd Ors. I am always glad to hear from you and hope you will write whenever you have the inclination and can find the time. I _ think it likely John Sloan’s book will prove a very good one—& hope he will make something by it. I understand he gives the name, command, &c of every man from N. C, Your friend Jno. R. CooKE Capt. James A Graham, Graham N. C. Pade JAMES SPpRUNT HistToricAL STUDIES RICHMOND VA Sept 8, 83 DEAR CaPT: I found no inaccuracies in your article & for’ded as recd. After my letter to you in reference to Reams Station fight, I found a report of Genl Wilcox in whose Division was Scales Brigade—& he says. “Lane’s & Cooke’s Brigades “were the first to cross the “enemy’s works’”—that “his loss on that day was less than “150” and of these Lane’s Brigade “lost 115, McGowan (not in “the charge) 22”, & therefore Scales who made such a gallant charge before the main charge &c &c must have necessarily lost less than 13—all told—big work at small cost. Capt. E’s account and Genl Wilcox differ throughout. Genl Lee in his Dispatch to the War Dept. written the next day after the battle states, “Cooke’s, Lane’s & McCrae’s Brigades composed the assualting column”, this ought to settle the fact as to what Brigade took the works. I would tell you a good deal about that fight, but this covers the question in dispute—if there is any further dispute, more can be said—I will write to John Sloan about this matter—calling his attention to it. I have found a letter from Col. Palmer, Genl Hill’s Adj. Genl and will send you some of these days a copy of what he said about our Brigade. Am always glad to hear from you. Your friend Jno. R. Cooke Capt. James A Graham Graham N. C. RicHMOND VA June 7, 84 DEAR CaPT: I for’d your letter to Scales with some remarks. I hardly think we can be cheated out of the credit due us, as the battle of Friday, tho it is strange how men will write and state facts by guess. I enclose you an article from Phil. Times which states Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 223 the fact that Cobb & Cooke defended the Stone wall. I had a statement by one of a party of visiting officers to the battle fields of Virginia corrected to the “Dispatch” a week or so since—When you meet any of the old Brigade tell them I still recall the memories of them, with the greatest pleasure. Your friend Jno R Cooke II THE ORANGE County Guarps, 1861-1865 Company G. 27th Regiment, North Carolina Infantry, C. S. A. Copy of Descriptive Book of “Orange Guards” of Hillsboro N.C. Co:'G.27th'N: CG: Inky: commencing April 22d, 1862. In the Confederate Army A True Copy Jas. A. GRAHAM late Capt. Co. G. II THE ORANGE COUNTY GUARDS 1 ENLISTED NAME RANK BY WHOM PERIOD 1861 NEC Capt Pride Jones Jos. C. Webb | Captain | Apl. 20 Hillsboro 3 years OccupaTION DeEscRIPTION AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION| HEIGHT Druggist 1835 Dec. 4 Grey Light Fair 5 ft. 844in. Born in the County of Green, State of Alabama. REMARKS Entered service as lst Lt —Elected Capt. Aug. 17th 1861. On detached service at Raleigh N. C. from Aug. 3d 1862 to Sept. 27 1862 to procure conscripts—Promoted to major Dec. 4th 1862. Furlough May 26th 1863—20 days.—Sent to Hospital Nov. 27, 1863. Furlough from Gen. Hospital No. 4, Richmond Va. Dec. 16, 1863 for 30 days.—Furlough Feb. 11th 1864 for 18 days.—Wounded severely in arm in battle of Wilderness Va. May 6th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough from Gen. Hos- pital No. 4 Richmond Va. June 4th 1864 for 60 days. Fur- lough extended Aug. 5th 1864—30 days—Sept. 5th for 30 days Oct. 5th for 15 days—Promoted to Lt. Col. Jan. 11th 1865— Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomat- tox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 2 ENLISTED WHERE Born ia STATE OR| CO. OR NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE |BY WHOM| PERIOD | KINGDOM] TOWN Naswx. ||) lst 1861 N. C. Capt Nein Orange Whitted | Lieut. | Ap! 20th| Hillsboro | P. Jones| 3 yrs. | Carolina | Co. | ee OO oo BATTLES EN- DEscrRIPTION GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION| FT.| IN | OCCUPATION ——<_ ——_ |—_——__|—__|—__|___—_——_ Harpers May 15 d Tobacco Ferry 1836 Blue | Black | Fair 6 Manu- Sharpsburg facturer 228 JAMES Sprunt Historical STUDIES REMARKS Entered service as 2d Lt. Jr.—Elected 1st Lt. Aug. 17 1861 —Wounded in leg at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862 and taken prisoner—Exchanged and sent to Richmond Va, Nov 8, 1862— Furlough on account of wounds Nov 11 1862 for 60 days— Promoted to Capt Dec. 5 1862. Furlough extended to April 25 1863. Resigned on account of wounds Apr. 25, 1863. 3 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR NAME RANK | WHEN BY WHOM | PERIOD | KINGDOM Stephen} 2d 1861 Capt P. Dickson! Lieut | April 20} Hillsboro | Jones 3 yrs. INGIG: DEscRIPTION TOWN OR COM- oc- BATTLES EN- COUNTY AGE EYES | HAIR | PLEXION | FT | CUPATION | GAGED IN April 9 Newhern— Orange Co | 1838 Grey | Dark | Florid 6 | Clerk Wilderness— Harpers Fer- ry—Spottsy]- vania C. H.— Bristol Sta- tion—Graves Farm REMARKS Entered service as Private—Elected 2d Lieut. Sr. July 5th 1861—Detached on recruiting service 10 days from Apl. 25 1862 —Promoted to Ist Lieut. Dec 5th 1862—Sick furlough Feb. 14 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 8th 1863—Promoted to Captain Apr. 25, 1863—-Wounded severely in right Lung at battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Furlough on ac- count of wounds from Gen. Hosp. No. 4 Richmond Va. Nov. 3d 1863 for 60 days—Returned to duty Jan. 4 1864 Furlough March 11th 1864 for 18 days. Sent to Hospital June 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- mond Va. July 6th 1864 for 50 days Sick Furlough Oct 16th 1864 for 20 days Placed on “retired List” on account of disability Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 229 from wounds and ordered to report to Gen. Howell Cobb, comd. “Reserves of Georgia” as member of a military Court, Nov 2d 1864. 4 ENLISTED STATE OR KINGDOM NAME RANK WHEN BY WHOM | PERIOD James A.| 2d 1861 NAGY Capes Graham | Lt. Apl. 20th | Hillsboro | P. Jones 3 yrs. No. Ca. DeEscriPTION TOWN OR COUNTY AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION July 7 ‘ i Hillsboro | 1841 Dark | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Student Batrites EncaAGep In Newberne—Sharpsburg—Wilderness—Fort Euliss—Harpers Ferry—Bristol Station—Hatcher’s Run—Mine Run—Southerland Tavern—April 9 1865. REMARKS Entered service as 4th Corpr’l. Appointed 4th Serg’t May 8th 1861—Appointed orderly Sergt. July 19th 1861—appointed orderly Sergt July 19th 1861—Elected 2d Lieut Jr Aug 17th 1861—Adjutant 27th No. Ca. Infy from Jany 13 1862 to June 1st 1862: on attached service 10 days from Nov 10th to procure clothing for Regiment—Promoted to 2d Lieut Sr. Dec 5 1862— Actg Ordinance officer Cooke’s Brigade from Nov. 29th 1862 to Decr. 12, 1862—Sent to Richmond Va. sick Dec. 12 1862—Re- turned to duty Dec 19, 1862—-Promoted to Ist Lieut Apl 25 1863 —Actg ord. off. Cooke’s Brigade from May Ist to May 25 1863— Furlough on account of sickness Sept. 3d 1863 for 18 days— Furlough extended 14 days. Returned to duty Oct 2d 1863— Wounded slightly in knee in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Actg. Inspector Genl. of Cook’s Brigade from Jan 10th to Jany 29th 1864 Furlough Feby 10 1864 for 18 days—Actg Asst. Adj’t Genl. of Cooke’s Brigade Feby 28th 1864 to March 11th 1864—Act’g Inspts. Genl. Cooke’s Brigade Apl. 23 to May 25 1864—Wounded severely in thigh in battle of Wilderness Va. 230 JAMES SpruNT HistToricAL STUDIES May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough from Gen. Hos- pital No 4 Richmand Va. May 11th 1864 for 60 days—Furlough extended July 12th 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended Aug 5 1864 for 30 days—Actg A. D.C. to Brig. Genl Cooke Sept 12th to Oct 15th 1864—Sent to Raleigh N. C. Oct 17th/64 for 12 days to procure cloth for Cooke’s Brigade—Promoted to Captain Nov 2d 1864 vice Capt Dickson retired. Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 5 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY James E.| Ist. | 1861 |N.C. Capt. Williams | Sergt | Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones DEscRIPTION AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. | OCCUPATION June 24 : j 1839 Grey Light | Fair 6 1 Grocer BattLes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Pale Green Church—Bristol Station—Cold Harbor 2d—Wilderness Parl Farm—Graves Farm—Weldon R R—Spottsylvania C. H.—Reame’s tation. REMARKS Entered service as private—Appointed 2d July 19th 1861 Appointed orderly Sergt. Aug 17, 1861.—Sick furlough from June 12, 1862 to July 1st 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov 18th 1862—Returned to duty Jany lst 1863—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro, N. C. Feb. 18th 1863.—Sick furlough from Hospital March 6th 1863 Furlough extended 20 days from May 6th 1863—Returned to duty June 4th 1863. Sent to Hos- pital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Oct. 24, 1863—Returned to duty Dec. 8th 1863—Reduced to Ranks Aug 2d 1864—Wounded severely in battle near Reame’s Station Va. Aug. 25, 1864—Died in Hospital at Petersburg Va. Sept. 3, 1864 of wounds rec'd. Aug 25th Inventory of final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Noy. 23d/1864 wages due him $92.60 due C. S $3.50 for clothes were drawn. Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 231 6 ENLISTED STATE OR |TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY SidneyM.} 3d 1861 |N.C. Capt. Chatham Ivey Serg’t | Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones |3 yrs | No. Ca. | Co. BATTLES IN DEscrIPTIVE ENGAGED AGE EYES | HAIR | coMPLExION | Fr. | IN. | occupation | Newberne —_ .._ | |__|] |---| Bristol Sta- Apl 29 Harness tion— 1840 Hazel | Black] Fair 5 | 10 | Maker Hatcher’s REMARKS Entered service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 19, 1861 —Appointed 3d Serg’t July 24th 1861—Left sick at Richmond Va. Aug 26th 1862—Sick furlough from Hospital at Richmond Va. Oct. 4th 1862 for 40 days—Furlough extended to Jan. 12th 1863—Returned to duty Jan 13th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bris- tol Station Va. Oct 14 1863.—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. Oct. 14, 1864—Exchanged Dec Ist 1864—Returned to duty Dec 25th 1864 having been on furlough from Parole Camp—Sent to hospital March 29th 1865—was appointed O. S. Aug. 6th 1864. 7 ENLISTED STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM] PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY Thomas B.} 3d 1861 |N.C. Capt 3 Orange Whitted | Serg’t| Apl. 20] Hillsboro] P. Jones | yrs. No. Ca. | Co. DEscrIPTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION Apl. 5 1838 Grey | Light | Dark 5 11 | Clerk Battries Encacep In Newberne — Wilderness — Fredericksburg — Mine Run — Bristol Station — Harpers Ferry. 232 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES REMARKS Entered service as 3d Corporal—Appointed 4th Serg’t July 19th 1861—3d Serg’t Aug 17th 1861—Detached on Recruiting Service Jan 28th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough Feb. 23 1864 for 18 days—Furlough March 30 1864 for 30 days having furnished a remit agreeably with the requirements of Gen Order No 1 Hd Ors. army of No. Va.—Wounded severely in face in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. May 19th 1864 for 60 days— Furlough extended July 12th 1864 for 30 days—Detailed on Light duty in Q. M. Dept. at Hillsboro N. C. by Special order No, 221 Adj G’s office Richmond Va. Sept 17th 1864—Detail extended by certificate of medical Examining Board Oct 14 30 days Nov 14 30 days—Reduced to ranks Nov. 15th 1864 Detail extended Dec. 17th 1864 for 60 days—Feby 16 30 days. 8 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME | RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM| PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Olin F.| 4th | 1861 Nic: Cap 3 No. | Orange Hatch | Sergt | Ap! 20th | Hillsboro} P. ee yrs Carolina | County DEscRIPTION AGE EYES HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN | OCCUPATION Sept 11 1839 Grey Dark Dark 5 6 Carpenter BatrLes EnGAcepD In Newberne — Wilderness — Fredericksburg — Mine Run — Bristol Station — Weldon R. R. — Fort Euliss. REMARKS Entered service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 19th 1861—Appointed 4th Sergt. Feb. 10th 1862—Left sick at Peters- burg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty—Dec 9 1862—Fur- lough May 3d 1863 for 16 days—Wounded in leg in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furlough Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 255 60 days—Returned to duty Aug. 1864—Sent to Hospital at Petersburg Va. Sept 26 1864—Furlough from Hospital at Rich- mond Va. Nov. 28th 1864 for 60 days—Reported at Hospital at Greensboro N. C. for treatment at expiration of his furlough— Returned to duty March 8th 1865—Taken prisoner near Hatch- er’s Run Va. April 2 1865— 9 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM| coUNTY Thos. C. 5 186 N. C. Cape ess Carmichael | Serg’t} Apl ‘20th Hillsboro| Jones yrs.| No. Ca. | Hillsbor Batr_es En- DEscRIPTION GAGED In AGE | EYEs | HaIR | comPLEXION | Fr.| 1N.| Occupation | Newberne— Seman P< TANI a a lt ee els erry: 1841 | Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8%] Clerk —Sharpsburg— REMARKS Entered service as 4th Serg’t——Reduced to ranks May 8th 1861—Appointed 5th Serg’t Feb. 1st 1862—Wounded severely in leg at Sharpsburg Md—Sept 17 1862—Died of his wounds Sept. 19th 1862—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adj’t Genl. Office at Richmond Va. Jan. 31st 1863. 10 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY John F. Ist 1861 NAC | Capt 3 Orange Thompson| Corp’! | Apl 20 Hillsboro] P. Totes yrs.| No. Ca. | Co. Barries En- DESCRIPTION GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN. | occupation | Newberne— —_— |__| —_ | |_| April 9th 1865 Sept 14 } Fort Euliss— 1840 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer Southerland’s Tavern 234 James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES REMARKS Entered service as Private—Appointed Corp’l. July 24th 1861 —Appointed 5th Serg’t Sept. 19th 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 15th 1862—Furlough from Hospital Nov. 26th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec. 25 1862 for 48 days—Extended again Feb. 28th 1863 for 20 days—extended again March 23d 1863 for 20 days—Returned to duty Apl 30 1863—Detailed as Company Commissary May Ist 1863—Sent sick to Richmond Va. Sept. 26 1863 Sent to Hillsboro, N. C. Oct 5th 1863—ordered to Hospital No. 8 Raleigh N. C. by medical examining Board Jany lst 1864. Detailed for light duty in Gen. Hosp. No. 8 Raleigh N. C. Apl. 14th 1864 by Special Order No. 103 Hd Or at Va. 30 days— Detail extended June 9th 30 days—July 13 30 days—Reduced to Ranks Aug Ist 1864—Aug 5th/64 30 days—Returned to duty Dec. 20 1864 Wounded in head in battle near Southerland’s Tavern Va. April 2d 1865.—Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va April 9th 1865. 11 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM|PERIOD | KINGDOM | COUNTY J. Sidney | 2d 1861 | N.C. CaprrPenles Hayes Corp’! | Ap! 20] Hillsboro} Jones yrs. |Tennessee|Knoxville Batries En- DEscrRIPTION GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN |] occUPATION aa | eee Newberne 1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 814| Printer REMARKS Entered Service as Private—Appointed Corporal July 24 1861—Transferred to Co. “E” 3d Tenn. Regt. Aug. 8th 1862 by Special Order No 134—Adg’t. and Inspector Genl’s Office. _ AGE EYES Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 235 12 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Hugh P.| 3 LQGien NEC) leapt 3 Orange Woods | Corp’! | May | Ft. P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 14th Macon BatrLes En- DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Newberne— (ae a Fredericksburg Jany 15} Grey f —Harpers 1840 Light} Dark 5 | 814| Farmer Ferry—Bristol Station— Sharpsburg REMARKS Entered Service as private—Appointed Corporal Aug. 17 1861 Detached on recruiting service for 10 days from Apl. 25 1862—Detached on guard to arrest deserters from May 11th to May 29 1863.—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor _ of the Treasury Dec 10 1863. 13 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY D. Thos. | 4th 1861 NEG. 3 ORANGE Gordon | Corp’l!| June | Ft. P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 18th Macon Battces En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN HAIR Light COMPLEXION FT 5 IN Dark 7 | Brick Mason! Newberne Grey REMARKS Entered service as private—Appointed Corporal Feb 10th 1862—Discharged under Conscript Act. July 5th 1862 being over 35 years of age—Discharged and Final Statement given. 236 James SprunT Historicat STUDIES 14 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR TOWN OR NAME RANK WHEN WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM COUNTY Wm. W. 1861 | NC Capt Anderson |Private |Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones |years Batrties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN HAIR COMPLEXION FT. | IN Black} Florid At AGE EYES Blk Newberne Carpenter 1839 REMARKS Entered service as 3d Sergt—Reduced to ranks at his own request July 24 1861. Discharged for disability Apl. 30 1862— Discharge and Final Statement given— 15 ENLISTED STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM . | KINGDOM| couNTY Jehu LSGU SINAC: Capt Orange Boggs Private|Apl20th} Hillsboro | P. Jones No. Ca. | Co DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Jan 3 Newberne 1844 Grey | Dark | Drk 914| Farmer April 9th 1865 REMARKS Furlough on account of sickness from Richmond Va. June 4th 1862 for 30 days. Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec. 28 1862—Returned to duty Jany 7 1863—Sent to Hospital at Petersburg Va. Jan. 11th 1863—Returned to duty June 19th 1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor Richmond Va. Oct 10 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich. Va. Oct 22/64 30 days—Returned to duty Jany 10 1865—having been in Hospital at Greensboro N. C. after the expiration of his furlough—Detailed as Brigade Ambulance Serg’t. Jany. 24 1865 —Surrendered with the army of northern Va. at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. | | Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 Za7, 16 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. KINGDOM| COUNTY mG. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange Borland | Pri. Apl. 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. Batt_es En- DeEscrIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 1834 Blk | Blk | Drk 5 |1114| Farmer Newberne REMARKS Furnished John Mowatt as Substitute July 15th 1862. 17 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY Asa 1862 | N.C. eGo Lures Orange Brown Pri. |Mar. 3d} Hillsboro | rentine | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co Bartrties En- DEscrIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN i ———|——__|—_______|__|—__| Brick 1838 Hazel] Light | Drk 5 | 10 | Mason REMARKS Left Sick at Petersburg, Va. Aug 20th 1862—Returned to duty Oct. 5 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov 26th 1862—Died in Hospital No. 9 Richmond Va. Nov 28 1862— Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adj’t Genl’s Office Mar. 2d 1863. 238 JAMES SpruNT HistToricAL STUDIES 18 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY James M.| Nic: Capt 3 Caswell Browning} Pri. June | Ft. P. Jones | yrs_ | No. Ca. | Co. 18 Macon Batties En- DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne— | |] >| | Bristol Station Grey | Light | Fair 1114| Farmer REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Winchester Va. Oct. 17th 1862 Returned to duty Dec. 22 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 28th 1862—Returned to duty March 4th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Died, while in prison in the hand of the enemy, at Pt. Lookout, Maryland. 19 * ENLISTED WueEreE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOMIPD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY Will H. H. 1861 NaC: Capt 3 Orange Borroughs | Private|Junel8th| Ft. Macon| P. Jones lyrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Battes En- DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN Newberne— AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Fredericksburg | | | | —April 9, 1865 Aug. 3d 1841 Bristol Station Hazel] Light | Fair REMARKS On detached Service at Raleigh N. C. from July 25, 1862 to Sept. 20th 1862 to procure conscripts for Reg’t—Appointed Corp’l. Sept. 19 1862—Appointed Bass Drummer for Regimental Board Noy. Ist 1863—Furlough Jan 30th 1864 for 18 days— Furloughed Jan. 1, 1865 for 18 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” near Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 239 20 ENLISTED WHERE BORN STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY William H. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange Campbell | Private) Ap! | Hillsboro | P. Jones] yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 20 DEscrIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES ] HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Dec 4 1843 Hazel} Light | Dark 5 | 1134 | Farmer BattLes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Fredericksburg—Harpers—Bristol Station—Sharpsburg REMARKS Appointed Color Bearer July 1st 1862—Furlough Jan 28 1863 for 8 days Reduced to Ranks by order of Col. Gilmer April 17 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 Inventory and final Statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of the Treasury Dec. 10 1863.— 21 ENLISTED WueEre Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY William URS | ie (ee Capt 3 Orange T. Cape | Private] May 7| Fort P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Macon Batrtes En- DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN | A] | He never Smelt Nov 8 Gun powder 1839 Hazel| Light | Fair 5 | 944) Carpenter REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 12th 1862—Returned to duty Feb. 10th 1863—Detailed as Pioneer for Brigade Oct. 8th 1863 Returned to the Co. Oct. 24 1863—Sent to Hospital Nov. 11th 1863—Furlough from Camp Winder Hospital Dec. 240 JAMES SpruNT HistTorIcAL STUDIES 18th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jan. 23d 1864—Sent to Hospital April 11th 1864—Returned to duty Nov. 12—1864 having been detailed on light duty at Hugenot Springs Va. Since May 1864 Furlough Feb. 4th 1865 for 18 days—Deserted to the enemy Feb. 28, 1865— 22 ENLISTED WuHeErE Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Robt. H. 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange Cheek Private] May 7 |Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Nov. 8 Newberne 1839 Blue | Light | Fair 5 |1014| Carpenter REMARKS Sick furlough for 20 days from June 20th 1862—Absent without leave from August lst 1862 to Jan 1st 1863 Returned to duty Jan 3d 1863—Sent to Hospital Oct. 12th 1863—Returned to duty Nov 17 1863—Furlough Feb. 3, 1863 for 18 days— Sent to Hospital April 22d 1864— 23 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| P D_ | KINGDOM | COUNTY Fred P. 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange Clark Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. | No. Ca. 0. } 18 DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Apl 3 1843 Grey Fair BattLes Encacep In Newberne—Wilderness—Harpers Ferry—Spottsylvania C. H.—Pale Green Church—Gary’s Farm—Sharpsburg—Grave’s Farm—Bristol Station—Cold Harbor. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 241 REMARKS Wounded in thigh at Sharpsburg Md.—Sept. 17 1862—Fur- loughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct 23d 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Jan 29th 1863 when he re- turned to duty—Wounded slightly in foot at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Dec 9 1863 —Furlough Feby 19-1864 for 18 days—Wounded in arm in Battle at Garys Farm Va. June 15 1864—Sent to Hospital fur- loughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. June 17th 1864 for 60 days— Detached in A. M. Dept. at Graham N. C. Sept. 28, 1864 by order A. and I. G.—Detail extended Oct 7 1864 30 days—Dec 30th 30 days—Jan. 17 1865 30 days—Feb. 16th 30 days Re- turned to duty March 4th 1865. Detail renewed by special Order No. 63 A and I. G. office, March 17th 1865— 24 . ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY John K. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange Clark Private|May 7 | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPAaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. SS SS SS Se Newberne— 1837 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20 1862—Furlough from Hospital at Petersburg Sept. 27th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Feb. 10th 1863—When he rejoined the Reg’t.— Wounded severely in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 1863—Died of wounds in Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 2d 1863—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d Au- ditor of the Treasury Nov. 17th 1863— 242 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 25 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR| TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN |WHE RE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM| COUNTY Chas. S. ; 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Cooley _! Private] Apl. 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. DEscrIPTION Occupation AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION .| IN. 1839 Grey | Light | Fair 1114%4| Cabinet Maker Batr_Les Encacep In e Newberne—Mine Run—Harpers Ferry—Fort Euliss—Sharpsburg—Bristol tation. REMARKS Furlough from Hospital No. 7 Richmond Va. Nov 7th 1862— for 30 days Returned to duty Jany 3d 1863—Wounded slightly in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md—Sept 17th 1862—Wounded slightly in hand in Battle of Bristol Station Oct. 14th 1863—Fur- lough Feb. 13th, 1864 for 18 days—Detached on duty with Capt. White A. Q. M. in Charlotte C. H. Va. Oct 20th/64— Sent to Hospital May 4th/64 Returned to duty July /64—Taken prisoner near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 2d 1865. 26 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY James L. ; 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange Cooley Pri. Apl. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. |! No. Ca. | Co. DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Blue | Light | Fair Harness Maker Batt.tes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Mine Run—Pale Green Church—Harpers Ferry—Grave’s Farm Cold Harbor—Sharpsburg—Spottsylvania C. H—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station —Fort Euliss—Weldon R. R.—Wilderness—Reame’s Station—Hatcher’s Run. —— Pt eo Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 243 REMARKS Taken prisoner at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Ex- changed and sent to Richmond Va. Oct. Ist 1862—Furlough from Hospital No. 8. Richt Va. Oct 9th 1862 for 30 days: furlough extended to Dec. 7th 1862—Returned to duty Jan 3d 1863—Furlough Feb. 4th 1864 for 18 days—-Appointed Cor- ‘poral Sept. 1st 1864—Furlough Jan. 20th 1865 for 18 days— ‘Taken prisoner near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 2d 1865. PAY ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR ‘NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY ‘Geo. W. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange iCopley | Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. 0. Ist. Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED In Newberne— AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Harper’s Ferry —!-_I_—_$ . a _e@q i_|——_)|—}———_| —Sharpsburg Mar 3 —Bristol Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 814] Grocer Station REMARKS Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Feb 1865. 28 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR BY WHOM/PERIOD} KINGDOM | COUNTY William A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Crabtree | Private] Apl | Hillsboro | P. Jones |year s| No. Ca. | Hillsboro 20 NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN Pale Green AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Church—Cold S| | | Harbor— Jan 3 Coach Gary’s Farm— 1836 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 844) Maker Hatchers Run 244 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Stanton Va. Oct. 24 1862—Returned to duty Dec 14th 1862—Detailed as Hostler Dec. 25th 1862— Furlough Jan 8th 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital Aug 20th 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. Aug 27th 1864 for 30 days—Deserted to the enemy February 28th, 1865. 29 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Roderic 1861 NC Capt 3 Pitts- C. Davis | Private] June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones jyears | No. Ca. | boro 18 BatTrt_es En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Bristol Station PPLE | SEIU) ALPS OT eee SR UTA ad PEE Wilderness Apl 20 X i Mine Run Grey | Light! Fair Clerk REMARKS Discharged by order of Maj. Gen’l. T. H. Holme’s June 13th 1862 Conscribed and sent back to this Co. July 14 1863— Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Dec. 1st, 1863—Returned to duty Dec 22 1863 Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Dec 28 1863—Returned to duty Feb. 3d 1864—Killed in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64—Wages due him from Oct. 31st /63 to day of his death $87.06. THE JAMEes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 245 30 y ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Martin 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Delamy | Private} May | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | years | Ist Batres En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | | A. — | — Wilderness Hazel] Black | Drk 5 |1014| Hostler REMARKS Detailed as Ambulance Driver Nov 12 1862—Furlough Dec 18 1863 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Feby 24 1864 Returned to duty March 7 1864—Returned to ranks April 15 1864 Wounded severely in arm in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864 and sent to Hopital—Died of wounds in Hospital at Lynchburg Va. May 29 1864— 31 ENLISTED Wuere Born _| STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Saml. A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange Dickson | Private] Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. Batries En- DEscrIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Jany 5 Newberne 1839 Grey | Blk. | Dark 5 11144) Clerk April 9 1865 REMARKS Appointed Corporal July 15th 1862—Appointed Musician July 28 1862—Furlough Feb 7 1863 for 18 days—Furlough Jany 30 1864 for 18 days—Furlough Jan’y. Ist 1865 for 18 days—Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. Apl. 9th 1865. 246 James SpruntT Historicat STUDIES 32 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY George M.| 1861 | NC Le. Gol. 3 Orange Dorothy | Private} Aug. | Ft. Macon] John yrs No. Ga. || Co. 31 Sloan Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne On Bristol Station Jany 15 : Wilderness 1837 Grey | Light | Drk 6. | 4% | Farmer REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov. 18th 1862—Re- turned to duty Jany 14 1863—Furlough May 26 1863 for 12 days—Wounded slightly in knee in battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Wounded in face in battle of Wilderness Va- May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Hospital at Lynchburg Va. Jun 1st for 60 days Extended Aug 29 /64 30 days—Returned to duty Dec 7th 1864— 33 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD | KINGDOM | COUNTY Timothy 186 | NC Capt 3 Orange Cc. Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones} yrs | No. Ca. | Co. Dunnagan 12 Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1840 Grey | Dark | Dark 6 Ee Farmer Newberne REMARKS Left sick near Manassa’s Junction Va. Sept. 4 1862—Died in Hospital at Winchester Va. Oct. 27th 1862—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adj’t Gen’l’s Office Richmond Va, Mar 2d 1863. Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 247 34 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY E. Strud- 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange wick Private] July | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. Faucette 31 DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. Aug 14 1842 Grey | Light | Fair 9 | Farmer BattLes EncAcepD In Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Gary’s Farm—Fredericksburg—Grave’s Farm—Yellow Tavern—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Wilderness— Cold Harbor REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty Sept 20th 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 27 1862—Returned to duty Jan 25 1863—Furlough Sept. 20 1863 for 12 days—Wounded in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and taken by the enemy, but left by them in their flight—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va.—Furloughed on ac- count of wounds from Camp Windsor Hospital Richmond Va. Nov 14 1863 for 30 days. Furlough extended Dec 17 1863 for 30, days—Returned to duty Jan 24 1864.—Killed in Battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864. Inventory and final State- ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov 22d 1864, wages due him from Dec 31/63 $102.70 Due C. S. $10. for clothing. 248 JaMEs SprunT HistoricaL STUDIES 35 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAMES RANK | WHEN] WHERE | BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY James N. 1861 | NC Col. 3 Faucett | Private) Aug | Ft. Macon] Mos. J. | yrs. |Tennessee] Memphis 4th hite DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 834! Clerk Battr.Les EncaAcep In Newberne—Fort Euliss—Harpers Ferry—April 9 1865—Sharpsburg—Bris- tol Station REMARKS Wounded in leg in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on account of wounds from Gen. Hospital No 17 Richmond Va. Oct 6 1862 for 35 days—Furlough extended to Jan Ist /63 when he returned to duty—Taken Prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863— Paroled and sent to Richmond Feb. 14 1865—Furloughed from Camp Lee Richmond Va. Feb 18th for 30 days—Returned to duty March 23 1865 having been exchanged March 5th 1865— Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomat- tox C. H. Va. Apl. 9 1865. 36 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Thos. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Faucette | Private|Apl 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. Batres En- DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN 1843 Blk | Blk | D’rk. 5 | 74%l Shoe Maker | Newberne THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 249 REMARKS Sent to Jordan Springs Hospital near Winchester Va. Sept. 23d 1862 Furloughed from Stanton Va. Oct. 23d 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Jan. 3d 1863 when he returned to duty—Transferred to Capt. J. W. Latta’s 60—Wright’s Bat- talion May 29th 1863—in exchange for Albert J. Forrest. 37 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY William A. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange Faucette | Private] June | Fort P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. 18 Macon DeEscriIPTION OccuPaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr | IN Dec 18 Red- 1838 Grey | dish | Florid Batries Encacep In Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Gary’s Farm—Fredericksburg—Grave’s Farm—Weldon R. R.—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Ream’s Station —Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Hatchers Run—Ft. Euliss—Sutherland’s Tavern —April 9th 1865 REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty Sept. 27 1862 Furlough Aug 20th 1863 for 12 days—Detailed on Regimental Ambulance Corps from Dec. 8th 1863 to Feb 3 1864—Furloughed Nov. 5 1864 for 18 days—Surrendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 250 James SprRuNT HistToricaAL STUDIES 38 ENLIsTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY Jasper 1861 N.C Capt 3 Orange Haley | Private| June 18] Ft. Macon] P. Jones| yrs. '! No. Ca. | Co. Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN Newberne— AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Bristol Station | | | | —Harper’s Jun 15 Ferry— 1843 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 844| Carpenter | Sharpsburg REMARKS Furlough May 28 1863 for 12 days—Wounded in hand in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—and sent to Hos- pital at Richmond Va.—Furloughed from Camp Winder Hos- pital Oct. 30th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Nov. 30th for 30 days—Returned to duty Jan. 3d 1864—Detached on Provost Guard at Stanton Va. by Gen. Order No. 69 Hd. Ors A. N. Va. being unfit for field Service—Ordered back to the Co. by Special Order No. 95 in Va April 6th 1864 for assignment to light duty with the Brigade—Detailed as Clerk at Brigade Hd Ors by Special Order No.—Hd Ors Cook’s Brigade April 30, 1864—Detailed as Forage Master for Cooke’s Brigade Oct. 20th 1864— 39 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY Thos. J. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange Hall Private] May 14| Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. |! No. Ca. | Co. DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION IN Grey | Black] Dr’k 11144| Farmer Batries Encacep In Newberne—Bristol Station—Harper’s Ferry—Hatcher’s Run—Sharpsburg —Fort Euliss—Fredericksburg—Southerland’s Tavern THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 251 REMARKS Wounded slightly in shoulder at Sharpsburg Md. Sept, 17, 1862 Promoted to Corporal Sept. 17th 1862 for bravery and good conduct in Battle of Sharpsburg. Furlough Feb. 5 1863 for 16 days—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14, 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. Sept. 23 1864—Ex- changed Dec. lst 1864—Returned to duty Dec 20th 1864 hav- ing been on furlough from “Parole Camp’”—Taken prisoner near Farmville Va. April 7th 1865 in an engagement with Sheridan’s Cavalry.— 40 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY William H. 1861 | NC et Colniii3 Orange Hall Private] Sept | Ft. Macon] John VeSulNos Cav |Gor Ist Sloan Barres En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTIONn | GAGED IN . | IN Newberne AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION || | ——] — Fredericksburg Oct 10 Mine Run Grey | Light | Fair 1144! Farmer REMARKS Detached in Guard to arrest deserters from May 11th to May 29 1863—Furloughed June 19 1863 for 12 days—Fur- loughed Feb 16th 1864 for 30 days having furnished a recruit in the Army of Northern Virginia—Reported at Gen. Hospital No. 7 Raleigh N. C. for treatment at the expiration of his fur- lough—Died at his home in Orange Co. N. C. July 28 1864— Disease Consumption—Inventory and final Statement for- warded to 2d auditor of Treasury—wages due him from—to day of his death $76.26. 252 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 41 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY John E. , 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange Hanner | Private| May 14| Ft. Macon] P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Dr’k | Fair 5 814| Farmer BatTLes EnGAGED IN Newberne—Hatcher’s Run—Bristol Station—Fort Euliss—Weldon R. R Ream’s Station REMARKS Furlough May 3d 1863 for 16 days Wounded and taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. May Ist 1864 Furloughed from Richmond Va. May 1864 for 30 days—exchanged and returned to duty July 3d 1864—Wounded slightly in shoulder at battle of Yel- low Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2d 1865.— 42 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Jas. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange Alex Private] Apl. 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | No. Ca. | Co. Batt_es En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Oct 19 Newberne 1841 |Grey | Light |Fair 10 | Shoe Maker | Sharpsburg— REMARKS Wounded slightly in face at battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 19 1862 Furloughed on account of wounds from Gen. Hos- pital No. 18. Richmond Va. Oct 5th 1862 for 20 days—Detailed Tue JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 253 in Regimental Shoe Shop from Dec. 20 1862 to Feb. 1st 1863— Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C.—Feb. 20th 1863—Died in Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. March 4th 1863—Inventory and final Statement forwarded to Adj’t’s Gen’l’s office Richmond Va. March 13 1863— 43 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY John T. 1861 NC Capt 3 Orange ”° Hill Private} Apl 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Oct 11 1838 Blue | Black! Dark 5 11044} Coach Maker BatTLes Encacep In Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Mine Run—Gary’s Farm—Graves Farm—Hatcher’s Run—Spottsylvania C. H.— Fort Euliss— REMARKS Appointed Corporal July 19 1861—Appointed 4th Serg’t. Aug. 17 1861—Reduced to ranks at his own request Feb. 10th 1862—Sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20, 1862—Returned to duty Nov. 5th 1862—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N C Feb. 16, 1863—Returned to duty March 18th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct 11 1863—Returned to duty Nov 5 1863— Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Mar 14 1864—Returned to duty March 20 1864—Furlough March 25 1864 for 18 days— Sent to Hospital 1864—Returned to duty Oct. 30/64—Fur- loughed Nov. 20 1864 for 12 days by Secretary of war— Wounded slightly in thigh near Hatcher’s Run Va. April 1st 1865—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2, 1865. 254 JAMES SpruNT HistorIcAL STUDIES 44 ENLISTED WueErE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Benjamin} 1861 | NC Capt 3 Henrico F. Private] Ap] 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | years | Virginia | Co. Holloway Batries En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 1831 Hazel] Black] Dark 5 10 | Black Smith| Newberne REMARKS Entered Service as Corporal—Reduced to ranks at his own request July 24 1861—Detached in Government Armory Rich- mond Va. Mar. 26th 1862—Discharged June 30th 1862 by order of Col. John R. Cooke—Page 40. No. 144— 45 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Samuel T. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Henrico Holloway ! Private|Ap! 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | Virginia | Co. Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN HAIR | COMPLEXION Light | Dark 414] Black Smith | Newberne AGE EYES Grey 1835 REMARKS Detached in Government Armory Richmond Va. March 24/62 Discharged June 30th 1862 by order of Col. John R. Cooke— Tue JAMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 255 46 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY William J. : 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange Hopkins | Private}Apl 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. Oo. Barres En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne a | | | Harper’s Ferry 1842 Grey | Dark | Dark (Sal Farmer Sharpsburg REMARKS Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862—Inven- tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adg’t. Genls office Rich- mond Va. Janry 31st 1863— 47 ENLISTED WueEreE Born ¢ STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM| COUNTY John 1862 NC Mol(Ge 3 Orange Isard Private} Mar 3d | Hillsboro | Turren- | yrs No. Ca. | Co. tine Batties En- DeEscRIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED In AGE | EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Grey | Light | Dark Shoe Maker REMARKS Detached in Government Shoe Factory at Danville Va. Nov. 18 1862 Returned to duty with the Co. March 5th 1864—Dis- charged for disability March 12th 1864—by order of Genl. R. E. Lee—Discharged and Final Statement given— 256 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES 48 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR BY WHOM| PD. KINGDOM | COUNTY Orange 0. Jackson. Private| June 28 | Ft. Macon| J. White yrs. | No. Ca. Batrt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Newberne _—_ | | — |_| Dagnerrian eer 1839 | Hazel| BI’k. | Dark 8141 Artist Sharpsburg REMARKS Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17 1862—Inventory and final Statement forwarded to Adg’t. Genl’s office Richmond Va. Jany. 31st 1863— 49 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Benjamin 1861 | NC Capt 3 Chatham J. Johnson} Private] June | Fort P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | (Go: 18 Macon DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Oct 23 : i 1837 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1144| Farmer Barres Encacep In Grave’s Farm—Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Wilderness—Spott- sylvania C. H.—Cold Harbor—Fredericksburg—Gary’s Farm—Hatchers Run —Weldon R. R—Ft. Euliss—Ream’s Station REMARKS Detached on Regimental Ambulance Corps Jany 15 1863— Furloughed May 7th 1863 for 16 days—Sent to Hospital at Cul- pepper C. H. Va. Nov. Ist 1863 Returned to duty Nov 25th 1863 —Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Dec 1 1863—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec 28 1863 for 30 days—Re- turned to duty Jany 29 1864—Furlough Dec 22 1864 for 18 days —Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2d 1865— THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 257 50 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY William ; 1861 | NC. Col. M. | 3 Orange Lipscomb] Private] Aug 4 | Ft. Macon| J. White} yrs ! No Ca. | Co. BatrT_Les En- DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT| IN Dec Ist } 1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer Newberne REMARKS Sick Furlough Oct 29 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec 2d 1862 for 40 days—Extended again Jany 12 1863 for 60 days—FExtended again March 10 1863 for 60 days— Ordered back by Capt. Dickson Apl 4 1863—Returned to duty Apl. 10th 1863—Furnished Wilson Brown as substitute May 26th 1863— 51 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Henry C. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange McCauley | Private|Apl 20] Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Batt es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1826 Grey | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Newberne REMARKS Discharged under Conscript Act, July 16th 1862—being over 35 years of age—Discharge and final Statement given— 258 JAMeEs Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES Sp) ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY William H. 1861 | NC Capt 3 Orange McCauley | Private] Apl. | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. 20 Bates En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN | | | Newberne Nov 12 f Fredericksburg 1843 Blue | Light | Florid 5 |1014| Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Left at Richmond Va. Aug 26 1862—Returned to duty Sept. 27 1862 Detached as Teamster at Magnolia N. C. Jan. 27th 1863 by order of Maj. Genl. French. Returned to the company May 10 1863—Furlough May 16th 1863 for 7 days—Furlough extended on account of sickness May 23d 1863—for 30 days— Returned to company June 29th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Took the “Oath of Allegeance” to the Yankee Government, 186—, while a prisoner at Point Lookout Md. Dropped from the rolls. 53 ENLISTED WuHereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Lafayette 1861| NC Capt 3 Chatham Merrit Private] June | Fort Pride years | No. Ca | Co. 1 Macon Jones Batr_es En- DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | | | — | Newberne Oct. Harpers Ferry 18th Sharpsburg 1840 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 8 | Farmer Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 259 REMARKS Wounded in stomach in battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Furloughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct. 8th 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Feb. 7th 1863— Furloughed again Feb. 13 1863 for 30 days—Returned to the Co. Apl. 18th 1863—Furloughed again on account of wounds May 12th 1863—Returned Feb. 2 1864—Detached in Q. M. Dep't. Hillsboro N. C. by Special order No. 93 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. dated April 4th 1864—extended June 1st.—Detail extended by medical certificate Oct. 20th 30 days— 54 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD] KINGDOM | COUNTY George F. May | N. C. Capt 3 Orange Miles Private} 15 Ft. Macon| Pride VIS. (|W NO. Cai) |Go: Jones 1861 Barres En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. Dec. 14 i 1841 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 | 714! Black Smith | Newberne REMARKS Sick Furlough Feb. 16th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough ex- tended Mar. 16th 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Ap’l. 10th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Apl. 25 1863—Sent to Hos- pital at Richmond Va. June 10 1863—Died in Hospital at Rich- mond Va. June 30th 1863 Inventory and Final Statement for- warded to 2d auditor of the Treasury Richmond Va. Nov. 17 1863— 260 JAMES SpruNT Histor1cAL STUDIES 55 ENLISTED WHeEreE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY James ; 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Miles Private] May | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca | Co. 15th DeEscRIPTION OccuPaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Dec 8th 1838 Blue | Dr’k | Dark 5 5 Farmer BattrLes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Bristol Station—Harper’s Ferry—Wilderness—Fredericksburg —Mine Run REMARKS Wounded slightly in hip in battle at Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862—Detached on Guard to arrest deserters from May 11th to May 29th 1863—Furlough Sept. 7, 1863 for 12 days—Appointed Corporal Nov. 1st 1863—Wounded in shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Dropped from the Rolls Jan. 31 1865 not having been heard from since May 9th 1864 when he was sent to Charlotts- ville or Lynchburg Va. from Gen Hosp. Gordonsville Va. He is certainly dead. 56 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR [ TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Sanders 1861 | N.C. EtiColnuibs Orange H. Miller | Private] Sept. | Ft. Macon} John yrs. | No.’Garsji@o: 17 Sloan Batr_es En- DESCRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Ft. ] IN. 1826 Grey | Red | Florid 5 11 | Carpenter |! Newberne , THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 261 REMARKS Discharged under Conscript Act, July 15th 1862—being over 35 years of age—Discharge and final Statement given— 57 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Saml. L. : 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange Nelson Private| May | Fort P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 15th } Macon Barres En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN Newberne— AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Fort Euliss— SSS eS Bristol Station Sept 18 —Sutherland’s 1842 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Tavern—Hat- cher’s Run— April 9th 1865 REMARKS Discharged for disability May 8th 1862—Discharge and final Statement given—Re-enlisted Feb 8 1863—Wounded in leg in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 1863 and sent to Hospital— Furloughed from Hospital at Stanton Va. Oct. 30th 1863 for 30 days—Reported at Hospital in Raleigh, N. C. at expiration of his furlough—Returned to duty Dec. 20 1864 Surrendered with army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865 58 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Chas. M. 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange Parks Private|Apl. 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Aug 19 Newberne 1841 Grey } Light | Fair See ee lenk Apl. 9th 1865 262 James SpruNnT HistToricaL STUDIES REMARKS Appointed act’g Hospital Steward to this Reg’t Aug Ist 1862 —Left with the wounded at Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 19th 1862 and fell into the hands of the enemy—Sent through the lines and re- turned to Richmd. Oct. 1st 1862—Furloughed from Richmond Va. Oct. 3 1862 for 30 days—Appointed Hospital Steward for this Regt. July 9th 1863 by Special order No. 192 Adg’t and Inspector Gen’l’s. office Richmond Va.—Furlough Nov. 2d 1863 for 18 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 59 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Alfred 1861 Nui: Capt 3 Orange N. Paul | Private June 1st} Ft. Macon| P. Jones No. Ca. | Co. yrs Batt ies En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. Newberne Harpers Ferry 1841 Bl’k. | BI’k | Dark 5 |1014) Farmer Sharpsburg REMARKS Wounded slightly in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 7th 1862— Died at Chimborazo Hospital Richmond Va. Jan. 12 1863— Inventory and final Statement forwarded to Adjt’s Gen’l’s office Richmond Va. Jan. 31st 1863.— Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 263 60 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Robt. D. | 1861 | NC Capt. 3 Orange Patterson| Private] June 18| Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. DEscrIPTION Occupation AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Dec 17 1831 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 1 |! Farmer Barres Encacep In Newberne—Bristol Station—Harpers Ferry—Sharpsburg—Fredericksburg. REMARKS Sick furlough from Richmond Va. Jan. 14th 1863 for 30 days—Left sick at Goldsboro, N. C. Jan. 16 1863—Furlough from Hospital in Raleigh N. C. Jan 21st 1863 for 25 days—Fur- lough extended Feb. 14 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Mar. 13 1863 for 25 days—Extended again Apl. 6th 1863—for 30 days—Returned to duty Apl. 30th 1863—Elected 2d Lieut. J. April 30 1863—Wounded severely in groin in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on account of wounds from Gen’l Hospital No. 4 Richmond Va. Noy. 21st 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Jan 12 1864 for 30 days—Extended again Feb. 16 1864 for 30 days—Re- turned to the Reg’t. March, 17th 1864—Furloughed again on account of wounds March 28 1864 for 60 days—from then until the end of the war— 264 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 61 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM | COUNTY Willie T. ; LSGlon)| ENaC. Capt 3 Orange Patterson! Private|June 18] Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Bart es En- DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In AGE EYES { HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. SS) | Newberne May : ; Harpers Ferry 1841 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1114} Farmer Sharpsburg REMARKS Wounded in leg at battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862— leg amputated—Left in hand of the enemy—Exchanged and sent to Petersburg Va. May 15 1863—Placed on Retired list Aug 1864— 62 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Roscoe 1861 Nae: Capt 3 Richards | Private] Apl. 20} Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs Hillsboro DEscRIPTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Jan 29 1843 Dr’k | Fair Grey BatrLes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Wilderness—Mine Run—Harper’s Ferry—Grave’s Farm—Fort Euliss—Sharpsburg—Weldon R. R.—Sutherland’s Tavern—Fredericksburg— Ream’s Station— Bristol Station—Hatcher’s Run—Apl 9 1865. REMARKS Appointed Corporal July 15th 1862—Wounded slightly in hand at Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17th 1862—Furlough May 28th 1863 for 5 days—Furlough Feb. 11th 1864 for 18 days —Wounded slightly in hand in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864— Wounded in arm in battle near Spottsylvania C. H. Va. Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 265 May 10th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Aug 7th 1864—Appointed Serg’t. Aug. 6th 1864—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865—Was color bearer of the Regiment for more than a year; planted the first colors on the enemy’s works at Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864— 63 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY John S. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Roberts | Private| Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones| yrs | No. Ca | Co. DeEscrIPTION OccuPaTIoNn AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. Jan 28 1842 Grey | BI’k | Dark | 5 | 934) Farmer Batries Encacep In Newberne—Pale Green Church—Reams Station—Wilderness—Cold Harbor Bee Run—Gary’s Farm—Grave’s Farm—Weldon R. R.—Spottsylvania REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Furloughed from Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct 14 1862 for 45 days—Furlough extended to Jan 3 1863 when he returned to duty—Detailed as Teamster from May 12 to June 19th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8 1863—Returned to duty Nov 26 1863— Furlough Jan 30th 1863 for 18 days. Wounded Slightly in shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 Killed in battle near Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864—Appointed Cor- poral Aug 6th 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 22 1864—wages due him from Ap! 30th 1864 $61.16 ; $18.00 due C. S. for clothing overdrawn— 266 James SpruNT Histor1caAL STUDIES 64 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR|TOWNOR _ NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Milton B. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Robson | Private|June 18} Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. Batt es En- DEscrRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Newberne— | |] —— Sharpsburg— 1832 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 1% | Farmer Harpers Ferry- Fredericksburg REMARKS Killed in Battle of Fredericksburg Va. Dec. 13 1862—Inven- tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt. Genl’s Office Rich- mond Va. January 31st 1863.— 65 ENLISTED Were Born | STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY John B. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Scarlett | Private} May 1 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yrs | No. Ca. | Co. DEscrIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Nov 30 : 1836 Hazel} Dark | Dark 5 |1014| Brick Mason BarrLes Encacep In Newberne—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station—Weldon R. R.—Pale Green Church—Ream’s Station—Cold Harbor. REMARKS Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. 1st 1862—Returned to duty Nov. 10 1862—Detailed as Pioneer for Brigade Nov 25 1862—Returned to the Co. Aug 1st 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 Paroled and sent to Rich- mond Va. Mar 10 1864—Furloughed from Richmond Va. Mar 10 1864 for 60 days—Exchanged and returned to duty May 10th 1864—Appointed Corporal Aug 6th 1864—Appointed Serg’t. Nov 15 1864—Furlough on account of sickness Feb 4 1865 for 30 days. THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 267 66 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Saml. J. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Scarlett | Private| Apl 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. O. DEscrIPTION OccuPpaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION FT. | IN Aug 31 1838 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 94%| Carpenter Batries ENGAGED IN Newberne—Cold Harbor—Bristol Station—Gary’s Farm—Mine Run— Hatcher’s Run—Pale Green Church—Fort Euliss REMARKS Discharged for disability Ap] 30 1862—Discharge and Final Statement given—Re-enlisted by Capt. S. Dickson July 13 1863— Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Feb. 15 1864—Furlough from Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Feb 23 1864 for 30 days— Furlough extended Mar. 23d 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty May 1864—Slightly wounded near Hatchers Run Va. March 31 1865 and taken prisoner April 2d 1865— 67 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM|PERIOD| KINGDOM | COUNTY Charles J.| 1861 INE: Capt 3 Orange Shields | Private| May 7 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. Batt es En- DEscRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Aug 29 Newberne 1833 Grey | Black| Fair 5. | 10 | Machinist | Bristol Station REMARKS Sick furlough from Kinston N. C. June 1st 1862 for 30 days —Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Nov. 18 1862—Furlough from Hospital at Hugenot Springs Dec 8 1862—Furlough ex- 268 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES tended Feb 7 1863 for 30 days—Extended again March 13 1863 days—Extended again Apl 10 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty June lst 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Paroled and returned to Richmond Sept. 23 1864— Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. Sept. 24 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 2d 1864—wages due him $165.30 and $49.18 commutation for clothing 68 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY James S. 1861 | N.C. Capt. 3 Orange Shields | Private] May 7 | Ft. Macon] P. Jones | yrs No: Ga. || ‘Co: Batries En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN ee ose hoe tee Newberne _ 1831 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 9%! Miller Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 10 1862—Fur- loughed from Camp Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Dec. 17 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Jan 15 1863 for 60 days— Extended again Ap’l. 13th 1863 for 30 days—Extended again June 18 for 30 days—Extended again July 24 1863 for 30 days— Returned to duty Sept 10th, 1863—Killed in battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14, 1863—Inventory and Final Statement sent to 2d Auditor of Treasury Dec 10th, 1863— THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 269 69 ENLISTED WueEre Born STATE OR NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY Thos. E. 3 Orange NAG: Sims Private] Mar 26] Hillsboro yrs No. Ca. | Co. DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Feb 23 | Grey | Light | Fair Batr.Les EncaGepD IN Harpers Ferry—Wilderness—Pale Green Church—Sharpsburg—Mine Run— Cold Harbor—Fredericksburg—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Bristol Station —Spottsylvania C. H. REMARKS Detached on guard to arrest deserters May 11 to May 29th 1863 Furlough Jany. 18 1864 for 18 days—Mortally wounded in side in skirmish at Gary’s Farm June 15 1864—Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. June 16 1864—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Aug 20 1864—Wages due him from Dec 31/63 to day of death $60.86 70 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM] COUNTY James M. 1862 | NC W. J. 3 Person Sneed Private| Mar 7 | Hillsboro | Gray yrs. | No. Ca. || Co. Batr_Les En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN June 6 Harpers Ferry 1839 Blue | Dark | Fair 6 | \% ! Farmer Sharpsburg ee ER ee ee ee Wounded in ankle at Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept 17th 1862—Furloughed from Stanton Va. on account of wounds Oct 7 1862—Furlough extended Feb. 9 1863 for 30 days—Extended March 2d 1863 for 60 days—Returned to the Reg’t. May 21 270 JaMEs Sprunt Historica STUDIES 1863—Sent home on indefinite furlough June 4th 1863—Dis- charged on account of wounds June 16th 1863—Discharge and final statement given.— 71 ENLISTED WuERE Born NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY William N.C. Capt 3 H. Strain} Private Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. No. Ca. | Orange Batries En- DEscrIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN | | TH |] Newbern | July 14 Bristol Station 1841 Grey | Black} Fair 5 |1134| Farmer Wilderness REMARKS Wounded in face in battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Charlotts- ville Va. Nov 5 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec. 29th 1863 for 30 days—Detailed in Qrs Mr’s. Dept. at Hillsboro N. C. Jan 20 1864 for 30 days on surgeon’s certificate—Detail extended Feb. 20 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 30 1864—Sent to Hospital Oct 24th, 1864— 72 ENLISTED WueERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM STATE COUNTY Wm. H. 1861 Capt Newman | Private| July 31] Ft Macon| P. Jones No. Ca. | Orange Batt.Les En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN | | Newberne Jan 15 Fredericksburg 1845 Blk. | BI’k. | Dr’k 5 |9 | Brick Mason] Bristol Station REMARKS Wounded severely in face and leg in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th, 1863 and sent to Hospital—Appointed Corporal Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 271 Nov Ist 1863 Furloughed on account of wounds from Camp Winder Hospital Nov 28th, 1863 for 30 days—Furlough ex- tended Dec 31st 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Jan 3lst 1864 for 30 days—March 25th 1864 for 30 days—Apl. 28th 1864 for 30 days—Extended to Dec 10 1864 when he returned to duty —Retired on account of wounds Dec. 15th 1864—Furnished with descriptive list and ordered to report to Comd of Post at Raleigh N. C. agreeably with the requirements of Par—Gen’l. Order No. 34 A. Q. O series of /64 73 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE | COUNTY NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD Sidney G. 1861 | NC Capt 3 North Strayhorn| Private|June 18] Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs. | Ca. Orange DESCRIPTION Occupation AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Feb 15 1834 Grey | Light | Fair 1 Farmer BatrLes EncaGeD IN Newberne—Spottsylvania C. H.—Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church— Bristol Station—Wilderness—Grave’s Farm—April 9th 1865. REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20th 1862—Returned to duty Sept. 20th 1862—Furlough May 26th 1863 for 12 days— Wounded in ankle in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Camp Winder Hos- pital Richmond Va. Dec 11 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jan 18th 1864—Detailed as Q. M. Serg’t. May 20th 1864—Sur- rendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th, 1865.— 272 JAMES SpruNT HistoricaLt STUDIES 74 ENLISTED WuHeErE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD STATE COUNTY Thos. J. ‘ 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 . Strayhorn| Private] Ap! 20 | Hillsboro | P. Jones} yrs | No. Ca. | Orange DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Jany 10 1831 Hazel] BI’k | Fair 5 1114! Merchant BattLes ENGAGED IN Newberne—Pale Green Church—Mine Run—Cold Harbor—Ream’s Station —Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Weldon R. R. REMARKS Detached as Clerk in Q. M. Dep’t Ransom’s Brigade Ap! 20 1862—Discharged under Conscript Act Aug 18th 1862 being County Trustee—Elected 2d Lieut Jr. Dec. 9th 1862—was absent sick till Feb. 8th, 1863—Promoted to 2d Lt. Sr. Apl. 25th, 1863— Furlough May 26th, 1863 for 12 days—sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct 1st 1863—Furloughed from Gen’! Hospital No. 4 Richmd Va. Oct 9th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Nov 1st 1863 sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Jan 2d 1864 Returned to duty Feb. 6th, 1864—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Feb. 19th 1864—Furloughed from Gen. Hospital No. 4 Richmond Va. Feb 25th, 1864 for 30 days—Reported for treat- ment to Gen. Hospital No. 7 Raleigh N. C. on the expiration of his furlough Mar 26th 1864—Returned to Reg’t. Apl. 2, 1864 Furlough on account of sickness April 9th 1864 for 30 days Re- turned to duty May 9th 1864—Wounded in shoulder in Battle near Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25th 1864—Died of wounds in Hospital at Richmond Va. Sept 8th 1864. Tue JAmMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 Zi 75 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM] PD STATE COUNTY Wm. L. N.C. Capt 3 Orange Terry | Private| July 12 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs No. Ca. | Co. Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Newberne | 1 | Harpers Ferry 1837 Dark | BI’k | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Sharpsburg REMARKS Wounded in head in battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept 17th 1862 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Nov 25 1862—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. Dec. 20th 1862—Died at Camp Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Jan 3d, 1863—Inventory and final state- ment forwarded to Adj’t Gen’l’s office Richmond Va. Jany 31st 1863— 76 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD KINGDOM | COUNTY David 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Orange Thompson | Private] June | Ft. Macon| P. Jones| yrs. | No. Ca. | Co. 18 DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Mar 12 ; . 1842 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1114! Farmer BattLes Encacep In Newberne—Fredericksburg—Harpers Ferry—Wilderness—Sharpsburg— Hatchers Run—Bristol Station. REMARKS Wounded slightly in neck at battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17th 1862 Detached on guard to arrest deserters from May 11 to May 29th 1863 Wounded slightly by contusion in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 and sent to Hos- pital—Returned to duty Dec. 9th 1863—Furloughed May 10th 274 JAMEs SpruNT HistoricaL STUDIES 1863 for 60 days—Furlough Feb. 23d 1864 for 18 days Ap- pointed Corporal Nov. 15th 1864 Furlough March 20th 1865 for 18 days— 77 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | KINGDOM] COUNTY Walter A. 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Thompson | Private] Apl. | Ft. Macon] P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Hillsboro oy. Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Jan 21 jf , Retired 1813 Grey | Light | Fair 5 10 | Merchant Newberne REMARKS Discharged under Conscript Act Aug 18th 1862 being over 35 years of age—Discharge and final statement given.— 78 ENLISTED WuereE Born NAME RANK | WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY George 1862 | N.C. W. F. 3 Orange A. Walker | Private] Mar | Hillsboro | Stray- yrs. | No. Gav jiGoz 2d horn | DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 1842 Grey | Light | Dark Gules Farmer BattrLes Encacep In Harpers Ferry—Fort Euliss—Sharpsburg—Sutherland’s Tavern—Mine Run —Hatchers Run REMARKS Wounded in arm in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept. 17th 1862 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed on account of wounds from Bristol Station Va. Oct 23 1862—Returned to duty March 4 Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 275 1863—Sent to Hospital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Oct 14 1863— Returned to duty Nov. 6 1863—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Dec. 8th 1863—Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- mond Va. Dec 20 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jany 31 1864—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. April 18 1864— Furloughed from Hospital at Farmville Va. July 20th 1864 for 60 days—Taken prisoner on retreat from Petersburg Va. April—1865. 79 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pp. STATE COUNTY BedfordB 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 Warren | Private} June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones} yrs. | No Ca. | Orange 18 Batt ies En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Feb 8 : 1841 Grey | Light | Dark 5 |1134| Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty Sept. 20 1862—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feb. 18 1863—Returned to duty Apl. 5th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 Paroled and returned to Rich- mond Feb. 14 1865—Furloughed from Camp Lee Va. Feb. 18 for—Returned to duty April 2d 1865—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run April 2d 1865— 80 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY Charles J.} 1861 | N.C. Capt 3; Watson |Private| May 7 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Mar 9 1844 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 614| Farmer Battries EncAcep IN Newberne—Fort Euliss—Fredericksburg—Bristol Station—Hatchers Run 276 James SpruntT Historicat STUDIES REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20 1862—Returned to duty Sept 20 1862 Furloughed Feb 5 1863 for 16 days—Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. May 22d 1863 Returned to duty June 29th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. Oct 14 1864—Ex- changed Dec. Ist 1864 Returned to duty Jany 7 1865 having been on furlough from “Parole Camp’—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. April 2d 1865— 81 , ENLISTED WuereE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY Orrin A. 1861 NAG: Capt 5 Watson | Private| Ap’l. 20| Hillsboro | P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Newberne ae Harper’s Ferry 1842 Grey | Light | Fair Shas (Clerk Sharpsburg REMARKS Killed in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Inven- tory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l Office Rich- mond Va. Jany 30 1863.— 82 ENLISTED Wuere Born STATE OR | TOWN OR KINGDOM | COUNTY SS Richard B. 1861 | N.C. Capt Orange Watson Private] June | Ft. Macon} P. Jones Co. Ist NAME RANK WHEN| WHERE BY WHOM] PD. BatT.es En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 1834 Blue | Light | Fair 6 | 1 | Farmer Newberne Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 277 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Culpepper C. H. Va. Nov. 2 1862—Died in Hospital at Charlottsville Va. Nov 17 1862—Inventory and final statement forwarded to Adjt. Genl’s Office Richmond Va. Jan 31/63 83 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born ; TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE co John F, 1861 IN: 'C: Caswell Wood __| Private] June 10 | Ft. Macon} P. Jones | yrs Now Gassie Go: DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. Oct 9 1839 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 3%4| Farmer Batr_es ENGAGED IN Newberne—Mine Run—Bristol Station—Wilderness—Grave’s Farm. REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Hanover Junction Va. Aug 22d 1863— Returned to duty Sept 10 1863—Furlough Oct. 29 1863 for 18 days—Killed in Battle at Graves Farm Va. May 10 1864—In- ventory and Final Statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treas- ury Nov 22 1864—wages due him $25.06—Due C. S. $20.25. 84 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE | BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY Geo. W. 1862 INC: W. F. 3 Woods | Private] Feb 24 | Hillsboro | Stray- yrs No. Ca. | Orange horn Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN. [| —__me_j—|— Harpers Ferry 1842 Blue | Light | Dark 5 | 844l Farmer Sharpsburg 278 JAMES SprunT HistoricAL STUDIES REMARKS Wounded in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862 and left in hands of the enemy—Died at Sharpsburg Sept. 27 1862— Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt Genl’s Office Richmond Va. Jan. 30 1862. 85 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY Joseph 1861 | N.C. Capt 3 E. Woods! Private|July 12 | Ft. Macon| P. Jones | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange BatrLes En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Oct 29 Newberne Grey | Light | Fair Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Furlough Feb. 12th 1863 for 6 days—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Inventory and Final State- ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Dec 10 1863. 86 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| DP | STATE COUNTY Joseph 1861 | N.C. Capt H. Woods} Private] July | Ft. Macon] P. Jones 4th 3 yrs | No. Ca. | Orange Batt.es En- DeEscrIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN Nov 7 Harness Newberne 1833 Blue | Dark | Dark 5 8 Maker. Bristol Station REMARKS Wounded in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Gen’l Hospital No. 1 Richmond Va. Dec. 22d 1863 for 60 days—Furlough ex- THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 279 tended Feb 24th 1864 for 30 days—March 24 1864 for 30 days—Ap’l 23/64—May 25/64 30 days—June 27/64 for 30 days—Detached in Q. M. Dept. Hillsboro N. C. by special order No 274 Hdars. A. N. Va. Nov. 24 1864— 87 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY W. Duke N.C. Capt 3 Woods | Private] June | Ft. Macon] P. Jones} yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange Ist Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Newberne | | | Fredericksburg Nov.16 Bristol Station 1835 Blue | BI’k | Fair 914| Farmer April 9th 1865 REMARKS Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. 1st 1862—Fur- loughed from Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct. 9 1862 for 45 days—Returned to duty Dec. 6 1862—Wounded in hip and knee in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863, and sent to Hospital—F urloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. Nov 17 1863 for 60 days—Furlough extended Jan 13 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty Feby 27 1864—Furloughed Mar 7 1864 for 30 days having furnished a recruit agreeably with the requirements of Gen. Order No. 1 Hd Qrs. army of No. Va. Detailed as ambulance Driver April 15 1864 being unfit for active service—Returned to duty with, the Co. Oct. 20 1864— Detailed with A. G. M. Cookes Brigade to procure forage in N. C. Jany 24th 1865—Surrendered with the “Army of North- ern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865. 280 JAMES SpruntT HistToricaAL STUDIES 88 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN] WHERE BY WHOM| PD STATE COUNTY Sanders L.| 1862 | NC Jones 3 Markham | Private|Ap’128| Hillsboro | Watson | yr’s. | No. Ca. | Orange Barrties En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 1843 Hazel] Dark | Fair 5 8 Farmer REMARKS Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Nov 16 1862—Fur- loughed from Hospital Nov 26th 1862 for 30 days—Died at home in Orange Co. N. C. Dec 15 1862—Inventory and Final Statement forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l’s office Jan 31st 1863 89 ENLISTED WueEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| Pp | STATE COUNTY William H.| 1862 | N.C. Jones 3 Rogers Private| Ap] 28 | Hillsboro | Watson | yr’s } No. Ca. | Orange Batt es En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Spo ee ee Mine Run Apl 11 Hatcher’s Run 1844 Blue | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Fort Euliss REMARKS Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Noy 15 1862—Fur- loughed from Hospital Nov 26 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended Dec. 24th 1862 for 30 days—Extended again Jan 23 1863 for 15 days—Extended again Feb. 4th for 30 days— Extended again March 2d 1863 for 20 days—Returned to duty March 25 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8th 1863—Returned to duty Dec 1st 1863—Furlough March 11 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital May 4th 1864—Returned to duty Sept 24 1864—Taken prisoner on Picket Line near Hatcher’s Run Va. Mar. 31 1865. Tue JAMes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 281 90 ENLISTED WHERE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM] PD | KINGDOM] COUNTY Samuel P. 1862 | N.C. Lieut. Jas.| 3 Lockhart | Private] May 4! Hillsboro | Y. yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange Whitted Barres En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED In Fredericksburg AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN —Gary’s Farm | | | — —Bristol Sta- May 29 tion—Weldon 1843 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 814) Farmer R. R.—Pale Green Church —Cold Harbor REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug 20th 1862—Furloughed from Hospital in Petersburg Va. Oct 14 1862 for 30 days— Detached on guard to arrest deserters from May 11 to May 29th 1863—Wounded slightly by contusion Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Camp Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Nov 27 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Jany 31 1864—Furloughed April 16th 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able-bodied recruit to the army of No. Va.—Killed in battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of Treasury Nov 22d 1864—wages due him Apl. 30 1864 $57.50 and $8 commutation for clothing— 91 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | STATE COUNTY Jehu R. 1862 | N.C. Lieut. 3 Whitted | Private} May 4} Hillsboro | Jas. Y. | yr’s| No. Ca. | Orange Wh itted Batties En- DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION FT. | IN Nov 17 Harper’s Ferry 1841 Grey | BI’k | Dark 5 | 101 Farmer Sharpsburg 282 James Sprunt Historica STUDIES REMARKS Wounded in side in Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept. 17 1862—Furloughed from Stanton Va. on account of wounds, Oct. 7th 1862 for 40 days—Furlough extended Nov 19th for 40 days—Extended again Dec 18th for 30 days—Extended again Jan 23 1863 for 30 days—Extended again Feb. 21 for 30 days—extended again March 22d 1863 for 30 days—Ex- tended again Ap’! 22d 30 days—Returned to the Co. May 29th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. June 9th 1863 Re- turned to the Co June 29th 1863—Detached for Hospital Duty at Richmond Va. Aug 7th 1863 by order of Gen’l Elzey being unfit for field duty—Detail extended Nov 1st 1863 for 30 days— July 27th 30 days—Aug. 20—30 days—Sept 27, 30 days— Retired on account of Disability from wounds—Placed on “Invalid Corps” and ordered to Report to Surg’t W. H. Moore, Gen. Hosp. No 12 Greensboro N. C. by Par VII Special orders no 294 A. and I. G. office Dec 12, 1864— 92 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD | STATE COUNTY Lorenzo L. 1862 | N.C. W. F. 3 Bennett | Private} May 12} Hillsboro | Stray- yrs | No. Ca. | Orange horn Batr_es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 1834 Grey | Light | Dark 6 | —- | Farmer REMARKS Sick Furlough June 22d 1862 for 20 days—Sent to Hos- pital at Winchester Va. Oct 15 1862—Died in Hospital at Winchester Va. Oct 21 1862—Inventory and final statement forwarded to adjt. Gen’l’s Office Richmond Va. March 2 1863— THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 283 93 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| PD. | STATE COUNTY William T. 1862 | NC W. F. 3 Shields Private] May 12] Hillsboro Seats yrs | No. Ca. | Orange orn Batt Les En- DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.]| IN Ap! 15 Harpers Ferry 1840 Grey | Light | Fair 5 |1144! Farmer Sharpsburg REMARKS Wounded in hip in Battle of Sharpsburg Md Sept 17 1862— Furloughed on account of wounds from Stanton Va. Oct 8 1862 for 30 days—Furlough extended till Ap’l. 5 1863 when he returned to the Regt. Sent to Hospital at Wilmington N. C. Ap’! 28th 1863—Furloughed from Hospital May 8 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Sept 10 when he returned to the Reg’t Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct. 8th 1863— Detailed in commissary Dep’t. at Greensboro N. C. Nov 23d 1863 for 30 days on Surgeons Certificate of disability—Re- turned to duty Jan 14 1864—Detailed as Teamster in Q Mr. Dept Heth’s Division—Returned to the Co April 27 1864— Sent to Hospital May 4th 1864—Detailed on light duty at Liberty Va. May 15 1864—Detailed on Conscript Duty at Camp Lee, Richmond Va. by Special Order No 308 A and I. G. O Dec. 29 1864— 284 James SprunT Historica STUDIES 94 ENLISTED WHeEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | couNTY Alvis 1862 ING. es Jassven is Norwood | Private} May 14} Hillsboro | Whitted yrs | No. Ca.| Orange DEscRIPTION Occupation AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN July 19 1843 Grey | Dark | Fair 5 | 6%! Student BatrLes ENGAGED IN Fredericksburg—Cold Harbor—Bristol Station—Gary’s Farm—Mine Run— Pale Green Church. REMARKS Left sick at Rapidan Station Va. Sept. lst 1862—Returned to duty Nov 10 1862—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec. 20 1862—Furloughed from Hospital Jan 23d 1863 for 50 days—Furlough extended Mar 9/63 for 30 days—Returned to duty Apl. 19 1863—Furlough March 11th 1864 for 18 days— Furloughed April 16 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able-bodied recruit to the Army of No. Va.—Killed in Battle at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Inventory and final state- ment forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64. Wages due him from Ap’! 30/64 to day of death $16.50. 95 ENLISTED WHERE Born TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY James 1862 | N.C. LEE TSH 6 i! Webb Private] May 14] Hillsboro | Whitted yrs |No. Ca.| Hillsboro BattT_es En- GAGED IN Bristol Station DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN —Gary’s Farm ee ee —Pale Green Feb 2 Church—Cold Grey | Light | Fair 5 {1014} Clerk Harbor Tue James A. Grauam Papers, 1861-1884 285 REMARKS Left sick at Petersburg Va. Aug. 20 1862—Detailed in J. and J. H. Webb’s Factory Orange Co. N. C. Sept 29th 1862 for 90 days—Detail extended Dec 29 1862 for 60 days by Special Order No 199 Hd. Qr’s. Richmond Va.—Returned to duty March 8 1863—Wounded severely through left breast in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hos- pital—Furloughed from Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Nov 10 1863 for 60 days—Furlough extended Jan. 6 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty Feby 10 1864—Furlough April 18 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able-bodied recruit to the army of No. Va.—Transferred to Co. K 4th N. C. Cavalry Oct 25 1864 in exchange for Lemual K Woodward by Special Order No 256 A. and I. G O. 96 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY Lorenzo i 1862 | N.C. Lt. Jas. 3 Dunnigan | Private] May 16} Hillsboro | Y. Whitted| yrs | No.Ca.| Orange Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN a es | Harpers Ferry Aug Ist Sharpsburg 1835 Grey | BI’k | Dark 6 | 1 | Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Wounded slightly in head at Battle of Sharpsburg Md. Sept 17 1862 sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. July 8th 1863— Returned to duty July 29 1863 Taken prisoner at Bristol Sta- tion Va. Oct. 14 1863—Died Nov 4 1863 at Washington D. C. while a prisoner in hands of the enemy Aug /63. 286 JAMES SPRUNT HisToricaL STUDIES 97 ENLISTED Wuere Born A Apu [EN ee EMER eM Ee Mme ENE NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM TOWN 1863, INC: Lt. Jas 3 Feb 8 | Hillsboro | Y. Whitted| yrs !No. Ca. Frederick Nash Private Hillsboro Batt es En- DEscripTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN HAIR COMPLEXION AGE ee Bristol Station Law Mine Run Y | Student July 29 Red | Florid REMARKS Appointed musician June 15th 1863—Returned to Ranks Aug 15 15 1863—Ac’tg Inspector Gen’l of Kirkland’s Brigade from Oct. 11 1863 to Feb. 3 1864—Furlough on account of sickness Feb 3 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty with the regiment March 6 1864—Detailed as clerk in Brigade Ord. Dept. March 7 1864—Appointed Inspector Gen’! of Kirklands Brigade to rank from Feb 24 1864— 98 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Albert J. 1862 | N.C. Capt J. 3 Forrest Private|May Ist| Hillsboro | W. Latta | yrs. |No. Ca. Batt_es En- DEscrRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN : } | J | | — Bristol Station Sept Wilderness 1841 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 6 | Farmer Mine Run REMARKS Transferred from Capt. Latta’s Co. Wright’s Battalion N. C. 7. May 29 1863 in exchange for Thos. Faucett— Wounded slightly in hand in Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863— Wounded slightly in hand in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864—Furloughed on acc’t of wounds from Hospital at Lynch- burg Va. May 30 1864 for 30 days—Taken prisoner near Hatcher’s Run Va. Apl 2d 1865.— Tue JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 287 99 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY Phillip A. 1862 | N.C. Tet raeuyea|iers North- Philand Private] May 16| Hillsboro | Whitted | yrs No. Ca.} ampton Batries En- DEscrIPTION OccuPaTIoN | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN 1835 Blue | Light | Fair 5 |1014! Shoe Maker REMARKS Died in N. C. Hospital Petersburg Va. July 13th 1863— 100 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM| pp| sTATE | couNTY Edgert H. US62 NEG: Capt Jos.| 3 Strayhorn | Private ay Hillsboro | C. Webb] yrs} No. Ca.| Orange St DESCRIPTION OccupPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Sept 18 1832 Grey | Dark | Dr’k 6 | 4%! Farmer Batties Encacep In Harper’s Ferry—Wilderness—Fredericksburg—Bristol Station. REMARKS Detailed in Regimental Ambulance Corps Jan 15 1863— Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Dec. 6 1863—Returned to duty Feby 3 1864—Furlough Feby 21 1864 for 18 days—Re- ported at Hospital in Raleigh N. C. at the expiration of his furlough March 10 1864—Returned to duty May 2d 1864— Wounded in neck in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864— Died in Hospital at Danville Va. July 1st 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug 20/64—Wages due from to day of his death $88.00. 288 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 101 ENLISTED WuereE Born STATE OR | TOWN OR NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | KINGDOM | COUNTY John 1862 | N.C. Capt Jos. Mowatt Private] July | Hillsboro | C. Webb | Scotland | Kenderden- 15 shire Batt.es En- DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN a | Bristol Station Jany 11 ) Weldon Rail 1827 Hazel] Light | Dark 6 | 314| Shoe Maker | Road REMARKS Substitute for Wm. G. Borland July 15 1862—Left sick at Upperville London Co. Va. Oct 27 1862—Returned to duty Jany 6 1863—Wounded in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Dec 8 1863—Fur- lough Jan 15 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. March 15 1864—Sick furlough March 28 1864 for 30 days—Returned to duty 1864 having been in hospital since the expiration of his furlough—Detailed as Shoe Maker for Reg’t. Sept. 25 1864—Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. Apl. 7th 1865.— 102 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY William 1862 N.C, Capt Jos. H. Nunn} Private| Sept 15 | Hillsboro | C. Webb No. Ca. Orange DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Fair Light Grey 5 10 | Farmer BatrLes EncaGeD In Fredericksburg—Pale Green Church—Sutherland’s Tavern—Hatcher’s Rum —Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Fort Euliss—April 9 1865 THE JAMES A, GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 289 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feby 7 1863—Re- turned to duty May 28 1863—Sent to Hospital at Lynchburg Va. Oct 13 1863—Returned to duty Jan. 18/64—Wounded in neck in Battle at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. July 20 1864 for 40 days— Furlough extended 30 days—Reported at Hospital at Richmond Va. for treatment at expiration of his Furlough—Returnd to duty Nov 8 1864—Surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9 1865. 103 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY William P. 1862 N.C. Capt Jos. Hanner Nov 24 | Hillsboro | C. Webb ! No. Ca. Private Orange Bartrt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1844 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 914%] Farmer Fredericksburg REMARKS Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Dec 27 1862—Died in Hospital in Danville Va. Feb 9 1863—Inventory and final state- ment forwarded to Adjt. Gen’l’s office Mar 9/63. 104 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN WHERE BY WHOM | STATE COUNTY S. Knox t 1862 N.C. Capt Jos. Woods Private] Nov 24 | Hillsboro | C. Webb | No. Ca. Orange DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Oct 26 1845 Hazel| Black] Fair Farmer Batries EncAcep IN : lp Station—Sutherland’s Tavern—Fredericksburg—Fort Euliss—April 1865. 290 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES REMARKS Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863— Paroled and sent to Savannah Ga. Nov 1864—Exchanged Dec. lst 1864—Returned to duty Feby 12 1865 having been absent without leave since Jan 1st 1865—Surrendered with “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865.— 105 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Meredith 1862.0) NAG; Capt Jas Adams Private| Dec 11] Hillsboro /Y. Whitted os No. Ca. | Orange DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN July 16 1833 Hazel| BI’k | Fair 6 Shoe Maker BattrLes Encacep In Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Hatcher’s Run—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Ream’s Station—Spottsylvania—Gary’s Farm—Fort Euliss—Grave’s Farm—Weldon R. R.—Sutherlands Tavern—April 9 1865. REMARKS Detailed at Regimental Shoe Shop from Dec 20 1862 to Feb 1st 1863—Furlough Jan 25 1864 for 18 days—Wounded slightly in foot in battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864— Furlough Jan 13th 1865 for 18 days—Appointed Corporal Jan 31 1865 to rank from Jan 1st 1865—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomatttox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 291 106 ENLISTED WueEre Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY wHOM | pp | sTATE | couNTY William 1862 | N.C. Captiasaals A. Hayes | Private| Dec 11| Hillsboro] Y. Whitted| yrs | No. Ca.| Orange Batt es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN Hazel Fair Light Clerk April 9th 1865 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Feb 20 1863—Re- turned to duty May 15 1863—Detailed as Orderly for Col. Gilmer June 1st 1863—Appointed Musician for Nov 1st 1864— Furlough Jan lst 1865 for 18 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appomattox C. H. Va. Apl. 9 1865—Crossed Hatchers Run below Burgess Mill April 1st 1865 under a heavy fire, and brought us the news of the break of the Confederate lines and the orders for retreat— 107 ENLISTED WueErE Born TOWN OR WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Abram 1862 Capt Jas. | 3 Hedgpeth | Private] Dec 11 Y. Whitted } yrs. NAME RANK WHEN NEG Hillsboro No. Ca. | Hillsboro DEscrRIPTION OccupATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN Aug 15 ‘ : 1844 Grey | Light} Fair 5 | 74! Harness Maker BattLes Encacep In Grave’s Farm—Fort Euliss—Spottsylvania C. H.—Sutherland’s Tavern— Pale Green Church—Cold Harbor—Gary’s Farm—Hatcher’s Run—April 9 1865 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Goldsboro N. C. Jan 19 1863—Fur- loughed from Hospital Feb 9 1863 for 30 days—Returned to 292 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES duty Ap’l. 19th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Gordonsville Va. Oct 8th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty Dec 3d 1863—Fur- loughed April 4 1864 for 30 days having furnished an able- bodied recruit to the army of No. Va.—Wounded in arm and abdomen in skirmish at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. July 23d 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended Aug. 22d 1864 for 30 days—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 108 ENLISTED WueErE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | TOWN David C, 1862 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 Parks Private] Dec 11] Hillsboro| Y. Whittedlyr’s. | No. Ca. | Hillsboro BatrtLes En- DEscrRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | COMPLEXION ] HAIR | FT | IN. Aug 14 1834 BI’k | Fair Light | 5 | 614! Merchant April 9 1865 REMARKS Appointed Regimental Commissary Sergeant July 14 1863— Furlough Jan 15 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Orange Co N. C. Aug 30th/64 to procure vegetables for Cooke’s Brigade (de- tail for 10 day) Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9 1865. 109 ENLISTED WuereE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY William A 1863 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 Orange Gattis Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted | yr’s.| No. Ca. DEscrIPTION OccupaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Oct 28 1835 Grey | Light | Dark 5 | 11 ! Farmer Batt_Les Encacep In Bristol Station—Pale Green Church—Ream’s Station—Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Mine Run—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.— Weldon R. R. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 299 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Charleston S. C. Apl 16 1863—Re- turned to duty Jun 9th 1863—Wounded slightly in thigh in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct 14 1863—Detailed on Ambu- lance Corps Nov 8 1863 to Jan 29 1864—Wounded slightly in hip in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864—Wounded se- verely in hip in Battle at Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864— Furloughed from Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Sept 16 1864 for 60 days— 110 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY William G. 1863 | NC Capt Jas. | 3 Latta Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro} Y. Whitted| yrs | No. Ca.| Orange Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN July 8 1837 Blue | Light |. Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Bristol Station bs REMARKS Furlough Mar 6th 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Apl 18 1864—Died in hospital at Richmond Va. May 15 1864—Inventory and final Statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug 20 1864—Wages due him from Dec 31/63 to day of his death $49.50 111 ENLISTED WuHeEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY Murphy 1863 | N.C. Jones 3 Ray Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro! Watson yrs. | No. Ca.| Chatham Batries En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Bristol Station SS ) | —Wilderness 1827 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 6 | Farmer —Gary’s Farm —Pale Green Church—Cold Harbor 294 JAMES SPRUNT HistTorIcaL STUDIES REMARKS Wounded slightly in hand in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864—Sent to Hospital Jan. 15 1865—Sick furlough Feb 11 1865 30 days—Died at home in Orange Co. N. C. Mar. 5: 1865. 112 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Q. Green 1863 9) NIC Capt Jas.) 3 Strayhorn | Private] Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted | yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange Batries En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Sept 27 1837 BI’k | Light | Florid 5 | 8%| Farmer Gary’s Farm REMARKS Detailed as Teamster for Ordnance Train July 15th 1863— Sent to Hospital Nov 8 1863—Returned to duty Dec. 9 1863— Furlough Feb 13, 1864 for 18 days—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Apl 18th 1864—Wounded severely in shoulder in skirmish at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864 and sent to Hos- pital—Died in Hospital in Richmond Va. July 20 1864 of wounds recd June 15—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Aug. 20/64—wages due him from De 31/63 to date of his death $44.73— 113 ENLISTED WuerE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Uriah 1863 | N.C. Capt Jas. | 3 Wilkerson | Private| Feb 8 | Hillsboro] Y. Whitted| yrs |! No. Ca.| Orange Batt.es En- DEscrRIPTION GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN | OCCUPATION Nov 19 : ; 1825 Blue | Red | Florid 5 8 | Farmer Bristol Station THE JAMES A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 295 REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Hanover Junction Va. Sept 8th 1863— Returned to duty Sept 30 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct 14th 1863—Died at Pt. Lookout Hospital Jan. 10 1864 while in the hands of the enemy—lInventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov. 22d 1864. Wages due him from Aug. 31/63 $47.66 114 ENLISTED WueEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTaTE | COUNTY David C. SOS alWNeC, Capt Jas. | 3 Paul Private| Ap’! 2 Hillsboro] Y. Whitted yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange Batttes En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTIoNn | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN. Bristol Station | | | —_ —Ream’s Sta- Mar 8 tion—Wilder- 1842 Grey | Light | Florid 5 | 10 | Wagon ness—Hatchers Maker Run—Weldon TREE REMARKS Detailed as Teamster for Ordnance Wagon from Nov. 6 to Dec 9 1863—Detailed as Ambulance Driver from Dec. 18th 1863 to Jan. 8 1864—Wounded in hip in Battle Wilderness Va. May 5 1864 and sent to Hospital—Furloughed from Hospital at Richmond Va. May 24th 1864 for 60 days—Returned to duty July 28 1864—Wounded slightly in hip in Battle near Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864—Sent to Hospital Nov 20/64 Returned to duty Jan. 10 1865—Deserted to the enemy Feb. 28 1865. 296 James SprunT Historica STUDIES 115 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY Chesley A.|_ 1862 | N.C. Capt P. 3 Blalock Private] July 17} Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange Holmes Barres En- DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. | IN. 1830 Blue Light | Fair Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to this Co..from Malletts Conscript Battalion Apl. 7th 1863—Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. July 18 1863—Re- turned to duty Sept. 30th 1863 Taken prisoner at Bristol Sta- tion Va. Oct. 14 1863—Died August 5 1864 while a prisoner at Pt. Lookout Md. in the enemy’s hands—Inventory and final statement forwarded—Wages due him from June 1863 116 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY James A. 1862 | N.C. Capt P. Forrest Private| July 20) Camp Mallett Holmes 3 yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange Batt.es En- DESCRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN HAIR | COMPLEXION Dr’k | Fair AGE EYES Blue 1835 Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N.C. Ap’l. 7th 1863—Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Paroled and sent to Richmond Va. May Ist 1864— Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. May 2d 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditors of Treasury—wages due him $140.00. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 297 117 ENLISTED WueEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY James A. 1862 | N.C. Col P. 3 Gattis Private] July Camp Mallett yrs | No. Ca.} Orange 16th Holmes Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION |] FT. | IN 1844 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 6%! Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Mallett’s Conscript Raleigh N. C. Ap’l 7 1863 Sent to Hospital at Charleston S. C. Ap’l 23 1863—Re- turned to duty May 2d 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14, 1863—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Richmond Va. Dec. 10th 1863 118 ENLISTED WuHere Born NAME RANK WHERE | BY WHOM | PD. | STATE | COUNTY James H. NC Coles 3 Hughes Private] July | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange 18 Holmes DEscrIPTION OccupPaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN. 1843 Hazel| Dr’k | Florid 5 |1114| Farmer BatrLes EncAceD In Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Grave’s Farm—Garys Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Pale Green Church REMARKS Sent to this Co from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N.C. Apl. 7 1863 Sent to Hospital in Richmond Va. Aug 1st 1863—Returned to duty Aug. 12 1863 Sent to Hospital at Han- over Junction Va. Aug. 30 1863—Furloughed from Hospital Sept. 17th 1863 for 30 days—Furlough extended Oct. 15 for 15 298 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES days Returned to duty March 2d 1864—Mortally wounded in battle at Gary’s Farm Va. June 15 1864—Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. June 16th 1864—lInventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury—wages due him $155.00. 119 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTaTE | COUNTY George W.| ING, Col. 5 Merritt Private] July Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.] Orange 17 Holmes Batties En- DEscRIPTION Occupation | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1840 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 | 8%| Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N. C. Ap’! 7 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863 Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of the Treasury Richmond Va. Dec. 10th 1863— 120 ENLISTED Were Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY James 1862 || N-C: Col P. 3 Mitchell | Private] July | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange LS Winder Batrties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Bristol Station a Hatchers Run 1829 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 814} Shoe Maker | Wilderness Mine Run Grave’s Farm REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N.C. Ap’! 7 1863—Furloughed March 10th 1864 for 18 days— Wounded in breast in Battle near Spottsylvania C. H. May 10 THE JAmMEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 299 1864 and sent to Hospital Returned to duty Oct. 12 1864—De- serted March 17 1865—Supposed to have gone to the enemy— carried off Cartridge Box $6.00, waist Belt 1.50, cap. pouch 2.25, 40 cart. 10.00, 52 caps 1.30, $21.05 121 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY W. Frank 1862 | NC Cole: 3 Pearson | Private] July Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 17 Holmes BattLes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.]| IN 1838 Blue | Dr’k | Florid 5 | 944| Farmer Bristol! Station REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N C Ap’! 7 1863—Sent to Hospital at Richmond Va. July 18th 1863—Returned to duty Sept 30 1863—Killed in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Inventory and final statement for- warded to 2d Auditor of the Treasury Dec. 10th 1863— 122 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK WHEN WHERE BY WHOM PD STATE COUNTY Henry 1862 | NC Col. P. 3 Pickett Private] July Camp Mallett yrs No. Ca.| Orange 17 Holmes Battries En- DESCRIPTION GAGED IN AGE EYES pc HAIR | COMPLEXION IN | OCCUPATION Hazel] Dr’k | Florid 8 1827 Bristol Station REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Malletts Conscript Battalion Raleigh N. C. Apl 7 1863—Lost a leg in battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14 1863—Furloughed on account of wounds from Hospital in Richmond Va. Nov 18 1863 for 60 days—Placed on retired List Aug 24 1864— 300 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 123 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE| BY WHOM COUNTY John 1862 | N.C. Col. P. Thomas _ | Private] July | Camp Mallett Orange 15 Holmes Bartties En- DeEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN Miasticbedebateitnees sh OSA LIN AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT. Florid Blue | Light REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Mallett’s Conscript Battalion Raleigh N.C. Ap’! 7th 1863—Sent to Hospital from Warrenten Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Furloughed from Gen. Hospital No. 3 Lynchburg Va. Oct. 29th 1863 for 30 days—Returned to duty March 2d 1864 Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. March 22d 1864—Died in Hospital at Richmond Va. April 26th 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d Auditor of Treasury, wages due him $124.00. 124 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY William 1863 | NC Capt S. 3 Brown Private| May 26| Hillsboro| Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Duplin Batt es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN BI’k | Black! Dr’k Blacksmith REMARKS Substitute for Wm. Lipscomb May 26th 1863—Detached as Regimental Blacksmith Aug. 1st 1863 Furloughed March 2d 1864 for 18 days Detached as Blacksmith at Div. Hd. Ors. June 21 1864—Sick furlough Nov 19 1864 for 20 days—Surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 301 125 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD. | STATE | COUNTY William J. 1862 | N.C. Capt. S. 3 Sykes Private| Aug 15] Hillsboro] Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Alamance DEscrIPTION OccuPaTION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN July 31 1845 BI’k | Dark! Dr’k 6 2 Farmer Batr.Les Encacep In Bristol Station—Grave’s Farm—Wilderness—Spottsylvania C. H.—Mine Run—Cold Harbor. REMARKS Sent to Hospital at Petersburg Va. June 20th 1864—and never afterwards heard from— 126 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE ] BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY William TS63)aNeG: Capt S. 3 Thompson | Private| Aug 15} Hillsboro} Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Alamance DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Mar 15 1822 BI’k | Dark | Dark 5 | 914 Farmer BattrLes Encacep In Bristol Station—Hatchers Run—Wilderness—Fort Euliss—Mine Run— Sutherlands Tavern—April 9th 1865 REMARKS Wounded slightly in arm and shoulder in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863—Wounded in head in battle of Wild- erness Va. May 5th 1864 and sent to Hospital—Returned to duty Sept. 24 1864 having been absent without leave 45 days—Sur- rendered with the army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9. 1865— 302 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES 127 ENLISTED WuereE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Evans ; L863 iN Ee Capt. S. 3 Brown Private| Aug 19] Hillsboro| Dickson yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange Batttes En- DEscrIPTION OccupaTIoN | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT Mar 18 1821 Grey | Light | Fair 6 Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Lost an arm in Battle of Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863— Furloughed on account of wounds from Hospital in Richmond Va. Oct. 30th/63 for 60 days—Furlough extended Dec. 30th 1863 for 60 days—Feby 24 1864 for 30 days—March 24th 1864 for 30 days Ap’l. 27 30 days—May 25 30 days June 23d 30 days Aug 24th 30 days Retired on acct. of wounds Aug 24th 1864— 128 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY William R. 1863) NOG, Capt S. 3 Ray Private| Aug 19] Hillsboro] Dickson yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange Battes En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | Fr. | IN June 12 y 1819 B’k | BI’k | Dr’k 5 |9 | Farmer Bristol Station REMARKS Taken prisoner at Bristol Station Va. Oct. 14th 1863 Paroled returned to Richmond Sept. 23d 1864—Died in Hospital at Rich- mond Va. Sept 24 1864—Inventory and final statement for- warded to 2d Auditor of Treasury Nov. 22/64 wages due him $169.33 and $69.18 commutation for clothing Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 303 129 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM ] PD | STATE |] COUNTY Chas. L. W863) N.C: Capt. 3 Dunnigan | Private| Sept 4 | Hillsboro] Landis yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange DEscrIPTION OccuPATION EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT. Grey | Dr’k | Fair 5 |1014| Farmer Batries EnGaAGeED In Wilderness—Cold Harbor—Ream’s Station—Mine Run—Gary’s Farm— Pale Green Church—Weldon R. R. AGE REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 24 1863 Wounded slightly in shoulder in Battle of Wilderness Va. May 5th 1864 Wounded in leg at Battle of Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25th 1864—Furloughed from Winder Hospital Richmond Va. Sept 15 1864 for 30 days—Furlough extended to Nov 16th when he returned to duty—Taken prisoner on picket line near Hatcher’s Run Va. Mar. 25 1865— 130 | ENLISTED WueEreE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WNERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Willie 1863") |eNeC: Col. 3 Weaver Private| Sept 4 | Hillsboro] Landis yrs. | No. Ca. | Granville Barres En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION } GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1821 Grey | Light | Fair 5 | 614| Farmer REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 24th 1863—Sent to Hospital at Orange C. H. Va. Jan 20 1864— Died in Hospital at Gordonsville Va. March 3 1864—Inventory and final statement forwarded to 2d auditor of the Treasury at Richmond Va. May 2 1864— 304 JAMEs Sprunt Historica STUDIES 131 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | coUNTY Samuel H. 1864 | N.C. Col. P. 3 Crabtree | Private] Jan 21 | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca. | Orange Holmes . DEscRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN 1833 Grey | Dark | Fair 5 914! Overseer Batr_Les EncAGceEpD In Wilderness—Grave’s Farm—Gary’s Farm—Spottsylvania C. H.—Pale Green Church—Weldon R. R. REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Jan. 28 1864—Wounded in leg in battle of Ream’s Station Va. Aug 25 1864 and sent to hospital Died in hospital at Richmond Va. Oct 25 1864— 132 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK ] WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM| pD | STATE | COUNTY Joseph 1864 | N.C. Captisy A. Smith | Private] Feb 24| Hillsboro| Dickson | war | No. Ca. | Orange DESCRIPTION OccuPATION AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.| IN June 29 \ , 1821 Grey | Light | Fair 6 | 2 | Farmer BatrLes Encacep In Wilderness—Hatcher’s Run—April 9/65—Fort Euliss—Sutherlands Tavern REMARKS Wounded slightly in shoulder in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864—Detailed in Ord. Dept Charlottsville Va. 1864—Re- turned to duty Feb 4 1865—Furlough Feb 24 1865 for 18 days— Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia’ at Appo- mattox C. H. Va. Ap’19 1865. THE James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 305 133 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Wm. H. ( 1864 | N.C. Capt S. Crabtree | Private| Mar.25| Hillsboro] Dickson war.| No. Ca.| Orange Bart.es En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.] IN Sass sas) een RE se Wilderness 1846 Grey | Light | Dr’k 5 | 9 | Farmer Hatcher’s Run REMARKS Wounded severely in hip in battle of Wilderness Va. May 5 1864—Furloughed from Hospital at Charlottsville Va. Jun 7 1864 for 60 days—Furlough extended Aug 6 1864 for 30 days Deserted to the enemy Feb 28 1865— 134 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | COUNTY Thos. H. 1864 | N.C. Col. P. 3 Mebane | Private] June | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Orange 30 Holmes Batries En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Weldon RR REMARKS Wounded in hand in battle of Yellow Tavern Va. Aug 21 1864 and sent to Hospital Furloughed from Hospital at Rich- mond Va. Aug 29 1864 for 60 days—Furlough extended Sept 29 1864 for 30 days—Detailed at C. S. Arsenal Salisbury N. C. by Special Order No 276 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. dated Nov 14 1864— Detail extended by medical certificate Dec. 13 1864 for 30 days— Jan 17 65 for 30 days— 306 JAMEs SpruNT HistToricaL STUDIES 135 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY Jas. B. 1864 | N.C. Maj. 3 Anderson | Private] Sept 3 | Camp Mallett yrs. | No. Ca.| Caswell Holmes Battes En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 18 Hazel] Light | Fair 5 | 644| Farmer REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Sept. 4th 1864 Sent to Hospital Sept 16th 1864—Died in hospital at Richmond Va. Sept. 27 1864— 136 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Thos. F. 1864 | N.C. Maj. Ward. Private| Sept 3 | Camp Mallett war. | No. Ca.| Caswell Holmes Bartties En- DEscrRIPTION OccupPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatchers Run a 8 —April 9/65— 1846 Blue | dark | fair 5 | 7 | Farmer Fort Euliss— Sutherland’s Tavern REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Sept 4th 1864—Sent to Hospital Oct. 1st 1864—Returned to duty Dec 2d 1864—Surrendered with the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 307 137 ENLISTED WuereE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY William 1864 | Camp Col J. Dickson| Private[May 26| Holmes | Mallett war | No. Ca.| Orange Batt_es En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN HAIR COMPLEXION FT | IN AGE EYES Dark | Fair Hatcher’s Run 1846 Aug 23] Blue 10 | Farmer REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Co. D. Anderson’s Battalion Junior Reserves of N. C. Wounded severely in arm in battle of Hatch- er’s Run Va. Feb 5 1865 and sent to hospital— 138 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN ] WHERE | BY WHOM COUNTY Guion 1864 | N.C. Maj. Waddell | Private] Aug 10) Camp Mallett War | No. Ca. | Orange Holmes Batt_es En- DEscrRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run SS SS Se Fort Euliss 1840 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 10 | Farmer Sutherlands Tavern—April 9th 1865 REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 18th 1864—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. Ap’1 9/65. 308 JAMEs SpruNT HisToricaL STUDIES 139 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK |WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | couNTY Elisha 1864 | Camp Maj. Durham | Private| Oct. 19] Holmes | Mallett War | No. Ca.| Orange pea Atl etch WS a A Ee Batties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run Craeuyui bi Sear Nin (etale ANGE el Fort Euliss 1826 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 {11144} Blacksmith | Sutherlands Tavern REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct. 29/64 Sent to hospital Nov 17th 1864—Returned to duty Jan. 7th 1865—Taken prisoner on retreat from Petersburg Va. April 7 1865— 140 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTaTE | COUNTY John F. 1864 | Camp Maj. ; Holloway | Private| Oct. 19} Holmes | Mallett War.| Va. Henrico Batr_es En- DEscRIPTION OccuPATION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN Hatcher’s Run |_| | Fort Euliss 1826 Blue | Light | Fair 5 | 7 | Blacksmith | Sutherland’s Tavern REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 29th 1864—Severely wounded in breast in an engagement with Sheridan’s Cavalry near Farmville Va. April 7 1865 and left in the hand of the enemy— THE JAmes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 309 141 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY wHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY J. Wesley } 1864 | Camp Maj Newton Private] Oct 19 | Holmes | Mallett war | Va. : Batties En- DESCRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1835 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 6 | Shoe Maker REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct 29th 1864—Detailed in Regimental Shoe Shop Dec 4th 1864— Furlough Dec. 28 1864 for 10 days—Taken prisoner near Hatch- ers Run Va. April 2d 1865 142 ENLISTED WueEre Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | couNTY Camp Maj. Holmes | Mallett war. | No. Ca.| Orange Jos. J. 1864 Merritt Private] Oct 19 Batt es En- . DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE = HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 1832 Blue | Dark | Fair 5 7 | Miller Fort Euliss REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 29th 1864—Wounded in hand in an attack on the enemy’s line near Hatchers Run in the night of Mar. 31 1865— 310 JAMEs SpruNT Historica STupIEs 143 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | pp | sTATE | CoUNTY Eli P 1864 | N.C. Maj. Sharp Private] Oct 19 | Camp Mallett War | No. Ca.| Orange Holmes Batrties En- DEscRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Fort Euliss— — ._—— | | | Sutherlands 1824 Blue | Dark | Dark 5 | 10 | Farmer Tavern—Ap’! 9 1865 REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp Raleigh N. C. Oct 29 1864—Sent to hospital Novy 17 1864—Returned to duty Jany 9 1865—Surrendered with the “Army of Northern Virginia” at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— 144 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK |] WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | STATE Alex A. 1864 | Camp Maj. Smith Private| Oct 19} Holmes | Mallett Bartties En- DEscrIPTION OccupaTIon | GAGED In AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | FT | IN 1833 Blue | Dr’k | Fair 5 7 Farmer Hatchers Run REMARKS Sent to this Co. from Conscript Camp at Raleigh N. C. Oct. 29th 1864—Sent to Hospital March 29th 1865— 145 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN ] WHERE | BY WHOM |] PD | STATE | COUNTY Lemuel K. 1863 3} IN2C. Capt. North- Woodward! Private! Jan Ist] Potecasi | Haggard war | No. Ca. | ampton Barres En- DEscRIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN HAIR COMPLEXION Dark | Light AGE EYES Blue FT. IN 9 Farmer 1827 Tue James A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 ont REMARKS Transferred to this Co. from Co. K 4th N. C. Cav. in ex- change for Jos. Webb by Special Order No. 256 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. Oct. 25th 1864—Transferred to Co. H 24th N. C. Infy in exchange for Jos. G. B. Cooley by special order No 4 Hd. Ors. A.N. Va. Jany 5 1865— 146 ENLISTED WHERE Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD | sTATE | COUNTY Joseph G. 1864 | Camp Col B. Cooley | Private|Sept 23 | Holmes | Mallett war | No. Ca. | Orange Batr_es En- DEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION | Fr.| IN Hatchers Run eee Fort Euliss 1846 Blue | Light} Fair 6 |—- | Shoe Maker} Sutherland’s Tavern REMARKS Transferred to this Co. from Co. H. 24 N. C. Infy in ex- change for L. K. Woodward by Special Order No. 4 Hd. Ors. A. N. Va. Jany 5 1865—Taken prisoner near Sutherlands Tavern Va. April 7th 1865 on retreat from Petersburg. 147 ENLISTED Wuere Born NAME RANK | WHEN | WHERE | BY WHOM | PD STATE | COUNTY San. F. 1865 | NC Capt. J. Hanner Private] Feb 12] Hillsboro] A. Graham] war | No. Ca.|{ Orange Barties En- DESCRIPTION OccuPaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR | COMPLEXION Mar 12 1848 blue | dark | fair Farmer Hatcher’s Run REMARKS Killed in skirmish line near Hatcher’s Run Va. March 30th 1865 SZ JAmeEs SprunT Historicat STUDIES 148 ENLISTED Wuere Born TOWN OR NAME RANK |WHEN |WHERE BY WHOM | PD | STATE | COUNTY Saml , 1865 Capt S. Nash Private] Feb 28] Hillsboro} Graham war | No. Ca. Hillsboro Bates En- DeEscrIPTION OccupaTION | GAGED IN AGE EYES | HAIR ] COMPLEXION | FT.| IN 1845 Hazel] Red | Florid 5 11 | Student Fort Euliss REMARKS Taken prisoner near Hatchers Run Va. Mar 31 1865 313 Tue JAmes A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 x6 LANON |1™ | Moo 91 8h 146 sso'T IVLOT, Capt dsth NY 49 Scarlett, Sam. J...... a ” »” Discharged 50) Scott, James:e.-..--\. H Shalpies 7 51 Strayhorn, Thos. J.... % eee: 52 Thompson, John F.... a Ks $3 xTurner, Julian S...... Hi ” ” Discharged 54 Watson, OrrinA..... iy Ee he 55 Weinand, Joseph..... dd ” Dropped Apl. 20 1862 BG) \Walliamss Ye Bo... 2 fi Sah hee 57 xCollins, Samuel. ..... Musician ” ” Discharged 58 xWolf, John F........ a Penis is SOP xEIOltpMleK eo cieiesios «a Private vie ol 60) Holt, Minn Bs... ..\.- y 2 21 MieutssthiN, 2 61 xKirkland, John....... i, 2 20 ALO MSANEiC 62 xMebane, Cornelius.... 3s" ” 21 Discharged adjt 6th N. C. 63 xMebane, David...... a EA ie 64 xMebane, William..... a Lc as fe 65 xSimms, Hubbard H.. . 3 dase 3 66 Thompson, Walter A.. 2 ee eY/ 67 Delamy, Martin...... i May Ist 68 Scarlett, John B...:.. a Pals 69 Cape, William T...... on ” 7th 70 Cheek, Robert H..... 4 eh ae * ClarksJohnvker fs ‘ cates 72 Shields,Chas. J....... x ar tee 73 Shield, James S....... ie etree 74 Watson, Chas J....... Ke ne fom elallyDhoss [ese ceca G Syic: 76 Hanner, John E...... re ” 14 77 xHaughton, John L.... ia ” 14 Lieut Evans Cavalry 78 xForrest, Albert Ji..... i ” » Discharged 79 Woods, Hugh P...... cp eee 80 Miles, George F...... fe AS 81 Miles, James......... ue cae 82 Nelson, Sam. L....... Ke Sanit 83 Coply, George W..... fe June Ist 84 Watson, Richard B... i eolist 85 Woods, W. Duke..... a ee 86 Woods, John F....... 4 dee AKG) 87 Browning, Jas. M..... Ks ee 88 Burroughs, Wm. H.H. a ates 89 Clark, Fred P........ e cane 90 Davis, Rod.C........ se arte 91 Dunnigan, Tim C..... < tae 92 Faucett, William A... a ae eS 93 Gordon, D Thos...... ie yen het 94 Haley, Jasper J....... KS tise Those marked thus X were discharged or left the company prior to the reorganization Ap’! 22 1862 316 James Sprunt HistoricaL STUDIES List of all the members of Co. G. 27 No. Ca. Inf’y since its en- trance into service Apl 20 1861 continued— DATE OF JOIN- No NAME RANK ING THIS co REMARKS 95 Merritt, Layfayette... Private June 18 1861 96 Patterson, Robt. D.. a » 97 Patterson, Willie T.... ie fe ph 98 Paul, Alfred N........ A ave: 99 Robson, Milton B..... if aN 100 Strain, Win ‘i eins 101 Strayhorn, SidiGueee fi aay 102 Thompson, David.... uy Haat 103. Warren, Bedford B.... oie aay KG 104 Johnson, Benj J....... 44 enti 105 Jackson, Jacob L..... ng He 106 Woods, Joseph H..... % July 4 107 Woods, Joseph E..... ti eee 108) Tersys Wim Lites ce ii art 109 Faucette, E.Strudwick ‘i Feel! 110 Newman, Wm. H..... if EON 111 Faucett, James N..... i Aug 4th 112 Lipscomb, William. . . it Rian 113 xFaucett, Albert...... me ” ” — Discharged 114 Dorothy, George M... a games}! 115 Hall, William H...... iy Sept 10 116 Miller, Sanders H..... at Hind) 1862 117 Woods, George W..... i Mar 3 AS Browns vAsa oe cui iney ag ia PTO Msardu jong teas vice 4 et hd 120 Walker, George A..... vf raha 121 Sneed, James W...... a Than 122 Sims, Thomas E...... ry Tao 123. Markham, Sanders L.. fe Apl 28 124 Rogers, Wm. H..... GJ TAT 125 Lockhart, Sam H.. is May 4 126 Whitted, Jehu 1S i eis 127 Bennett, Lorenzo..... ai nay 128 Shields, Wm T.. i sat 129 Norwood, Alvis... ... VEL: 130 Webb James, Wray eae g nts 131 Dunagan, Lorenzo... . i Wo 132 Piland, Phillip A...... 4 ua 133 Strayhorn, Elbert H... Hit July 15 134 Mowatt, John........ ‘9 MCLs 135-0 Niamn® Winds sees i Sept 5 1:36) i tdaninery VWs knees ict ”> ” ” »” ” ” ” ” > »”» ” ” ” ” »”»> ” ”? ”> ” ” »”» ”»> Richmond Died of wounds Washington DING: Gordonsville Died of Typhoid Va. Fever Ft. Lookout Pied icatyehend Md. Richmond Died aaah Va. Fever Wilcerses Killed in battle »” »” ” Lynchburg Died of wounds a. Killed in battle RichmondVa. Died of wounds Danville Va. Died of Asth- Richmond Va ma Orange Co Died of con- NG; sumtion Davis Farm Killed in Battle a. Ream’s Sta- Cea AUN tion Va. Petersburg Died of wounds Va. Richmond Ya. "7 Richmond Died of Va. Phneumonia Pt. Lookout 5 Md. ” ”? 522, James Sprunt Historicat STUDIES List of men of Co. G. 27 Reg’t N. C. Inf’y who died in service Continued No NAME Rank Date PLace REMARKS 51 Crabtree, Sam. H..... 7 Oct 25 Richmond Died of wounds Va. and fever 1865 52 Holloway, Benj F..... Private Feb 5 Killed in battle 1864 53. Miles; James). .......... Corpl Died of wounds 1865 54 Ray, T. Murphy..... Private Mar 5 Ones Co Fever 55) sHanner: SamitBan 5. ii Mar 30 Hatchers Run Va Killed in Battle 56. Wm: Ji Sykes... 352, a 1864 — — Died from Disease List of men deserted from Co. “G.” N. C. Infantry No NAME Rank DATE PLAcE REMARKS 1 McCauley, W. H..... Private ae Lookout Took oath of alliance to Yankees 1865 2 rGapes Winks Wiscakiner-. i Feb 28 Petersburg Deserted to the Va. enemy 3 Crabtree, Will A...... rs coat if Dasa to the enemy 4 Crabtree, Will H.,.... x Pa 7 Deserted to the enemy 5S )PanlDavyidiCouy. 221). A: 72428 - Deserted to the enemy 6 Mitchell, James M.... ” Mar 17 on Deserta to the enemy THE JAmEs A. GRAHAM Papers, 1861-1884 328 List of officers and men of the 27th Reg’t No. Carolina Infantry surrendered by Gen. R. E. Lee at Appomattox C. H. Va. April 9th 1865— Rank Name At. Col. Joseph C. Webb Major Calvin Herring Adg’t Thaddeus E. Pittman Surgeon E. Lloyd Howard ‘Serg’t Maj William E. Ward ‘2d Sergt. Andrew D. Lindsey ‘Hosp. Steward Chas. M. Parks-— Company “A” list Gt: John G. Parker Pvict. N. Lafayette Whitley Ist Serg’t Richard B. Parker ‘Corp’! Simon B. Kilpatrick Private Larry Aycock Ki Joseph Peacock a Geo. W. Stegall i Richard Ward i John T. Roberts Company “B” ‘Capt John A. Sloan Sergt Thos J. Rhodes Serg’t Joel J. Thom Private Lewis A. Isely i Jas. H. Hardin a Walter Green 4 E. “Tonkie” Sharp a W. A. McBride se George Lemons i Silas C. Dodson Musician Samuel M. Lipscomb Company “‘C” Musician John H. Suggs Private L. H. Fields Jesse Grant Henry Grant ae Thomas Perdee Richards Sutton Company “‘D”’ Ist Lt. George W. Jones 2Lt Cornelius Harper Ist Sergt Henry S. Nunn Sergt J. R. Howard Corpl J. R. Gray S. H. Kornigay Name A. B. Blizzard James Davis Jesse Hardy James Quimm Samuel Stroud ic James H. Thomas Curtis Worley Rank Private ” Company “E” Capt Robert W. Joyner istlete M. G. Ernul Ist Sergt John R. Dixon Ist Sergt John Etgear » Albert S. Carr Robt J. Long Frank M. Kilpatrick ts John Watson Private Saml. R. Cason Ze William Corbett 4 Wm. Bryant Edwards Rufus A. Guimmer William Geavner a Richard Harris “id E. Isely Matthew Jones James Jones Peter H. Summers Corp’! Company “‘F” Robert Lanning xThis company in No. Ca and surrendered with Gen J. E. John- ston’s army Private Company “G” Jas. A. Graham Roscoe Richards Meredith Adams Sam. A. Dickson W. H. H Burroughs Wm. A. Hayes Jehu Boggs Wilson Brown James N. Faucett He William A. Faucett Me Abram Hedgpeth ie Samuel L Nelson i William H. Nunn Capt Sergt Corp’! Musician Private ”» 324 James SprunT HistoricAL STUDIES Company “G”—Continued Rank Name Private David C: Parks iff Eli Sharp Company “H” Capt Ist Sergt Sergt Corp Private ” Private ” Joseph A. Smith Sidney G. Strayhorn John F. Thompson Guion W. Waddell Thos. F. Ward S. Knox Woods W. Duke Woods Henry F. Price John R. Rollins J. H. Little I Wm. C, Burney Robert Feming A. Forks Wm. H. Humber Matthew James R. James Peter Lawrence T. Ed. Randolph Erasted Rountree A. Bevil Wm. H. Stancill Gustavius H. Evans Company I George Roberson Wm. Lovitt J. R. Miller John Dees Julius Mills V. Civils Company “K” Rank Name Capt Benj Parks Corp’! Benj S. Best Private William Bardin ay E, M. Sauls an Stephen W. Pate ai Willie Thompson Sutler Jas. I. Burgess Recapitulation Lieutenant ‘Colonel. ............. T Major. .. 2\.ssths seer ele Reo IT Adjutant... 3.0./)) sienna I Surgeon, .): 0.200 eee ene I Captains... 25). Jute eee Si ist Lieutenants), .).\..> soe pL INS G 2d SMD TERA hci 2 Sutler. Js) cele a eeieiee deen 1 Sergeant Majors Geen. eee ee 1 Ordnance Sergeant. scien: » re 1 Hospital Steward)... sae ueaees I Sergeants. .)....3'. ) (erie eto eee 1f Corporals!):\; ) ). a tees een 10: Musicians. : ccf )otn eyesore Bee Privates: «2/21. . neta ae V2. Total. .ic::scbaeetn ieee 116 Co “A” 9—Co. “B” 12—Co “C” 6— Co *D” 13—Co “E” 18—Co “F” 1— Co. “G” 22—Co “H” 15—Co“T”’ 6— Coie S % Lal 3 a wv i] 1o) FS de > — A hy vo bsa> SE HN