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^ 9.c. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 It is just five years since the publication of the Crom¬ 
 wellian Settlement of Ireland. In that interval I have 
 had the advantage, as a preparation for the present 
 edition, of spending a considerable part of each year 
 in the study, under a Public Commission, of the great 
 body of historical papers called The Carte Collection, 
 preserved at the Bodleian Library, Oxford.* 
 
 The Ormonde Papers, which form the most impor¬ 
 tant part of the Carte Collection, comprise the papers, 
 public and private, connected with the government of 
 Ireland during the Duke of Ormonde’s engagement in 
 public affairs—an engagement which commenced at 
 the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion in 1641, and con¬ 
 tinued almost to his death, in i688, with the exception 
 of the ten years of “Ursurped Power,” between 1650 and 
 1660, when he was in exile with the King. The docu¬ 
 ments concerning Ireland during the Commonwealth 
 period are, accordingly, few. But from the Restoration 
 
 ‘ The Eeverend Dr. Russell, President of Maynooth, was ap¬ 
 pointed in 1865, by Lord Romilly, Master of the Rolls, my fellow- 
 Comraissioner, to go through this great collection, and to catalogue 
 for transcription the official documents it might contain. 
 
 A 2 
 
IV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 of the monarchy, Ormonde was the statesman to whom 
 the King, his countrymen, and everybody looked for 
 guidance in their difficulties in Ireland, and to him in 
 effect was its government committed as Lord Lieu¬ 
 tenant, during the greater part of his life. He was 
 made referee of the Commissioners of the Court of 
 Claims by the Act of Settlement in cases of difficulty. 
 From him, also, as Lord Lieutenant, all redress was to 
 be sought in the first instance. Hence there abound 
 among Lord Ormonde’s papers, petitions presented to 
 him by the former proprietors, anxious, after seven 
 years of weary exile in Connaught, or beyond sea, to 
 behold the smoke of their own chimneys,' and to sit 
 again at their own hearths, then in the possession of 
 the Adventurers and Soldiers. 
 
 In these petitions they set forth their “ services 
 and sufferings,” and often detail what happened to them 
 during the Commonwealth government; and by these 
 they pray to be restored to their former lands, or to 
 be admitted to inhabit again the towns where they 
 formerly owned dwellings. 
 
 The information thus supplied is often a very in¬ 
 teresting part of the subject of this work, but was 
 necessarily wanting in the former edition. Thus the 
 account of Lord Trimleston’s transplantation from his 
 castle near Trim, in the county of Meath, to Monivea, 
 
 ' “ I shall long infinitely to see the smoke of my own chimney.” 
 Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, to Ormonde, 7 March, 1648-9. “Carte 
 Papers,” vol. xxiv., p. 45. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 V 
 
 in the county of Galway, as there given, is drawn 
 from the Order Books of the Commissioners for 
 Ireland. No notice is taken in these orders of the 
 fate of the former proprietor of Monivea. But among 
 the Carte Papers is found the petition of Patrick 
 French, by which it appears that he was removed with 
 his family from his ancient residence at Monivea, to an 
 assignment on the Clanricard estate, and that he had 
 lost this assignment by the Marchioness of Clanri- 
 card’s restoration to her jointure lands by the King's 
 order. Yet he could not get back into possession of 
 Monivea (though Lord Trimleston, by the Act for 
 the Settlement of Ireland, passed in 1662, was one of 
 the thirty-six nominees, who were, without further 
 proof, to be restored to their former estates); for the 
 Adventurer or soldier in possession was not to quit 
 until he should be offered a reprise of lands as good 
 as he had got,’ which were not readily forthcoming. 
 And by the Act of Explanation, passed in 1665, the 
 Nominees were not to be restored, until all deficient 
 Adventurers and soldiers were supplied, as it was by this 
 latter Act declared that “ the interest of His Majesty’s 
 Protestant subjects were his greatest care, and to be 
 first provided for,”^ which rendered his restoration 
 impossible, as these deficiencies were more than 
 
 ' The King’s Declaration of 30th Kovember, 1660, for the 
 Settlement of Ireland, clause xxv., embodied in 14th and 15 th 
 C'has. II. (A. D. 1662), chap. 2. 
 
 * 17 & i8 Chas. II. (A.D. 1665), chap. 2, sects. 5 and 6. 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 enough to exhaust all the land applicable to reprisals. 
 Lord Triraleston, consequently, died in possession of 
 Monivea in 1676, as will be seen by the inscription 
 over his tomb ; and Patrick French only recovered his 
 property by purchasing it in 1678, from Lord Trim- 
 leston’s son and successor, who, probably, in like 
 manner bought back a remnant of the Trimleston 
 estate from the Adventurer or soldier to whom it had 
 been assigned. 
 
 In the former edition the clearing of the towns of 
 their ancient inhabitants is given as derived from 
 Cromwellian sources. But there is no learning from 
 them what became of the banished people. From 
 the petitions, however, of the banished merchants of 
 Waterford, presented to Ormonde after the Restora¬ 
 tion, preserved among the Carte Papers, it appears 
 that, on being driven from Waterford by General 
 Ireton, on its capture in 1650, they retired to Os- 
 tend, St. Malos, Nantz, Cadiz, and some even to 
 Mexico ; and traded, and acquired capital, and re¬ 
 lieved as many Royalists as came in their way. 
 
 They prayed, therefore, to be allowed to return 
 with their stocks, and to exercise in their native city 
 the skill they had acquired during eleven years’ 
 trading abroad. 
 
 From facts such as these, derived from the Carte 
 Papers, I have selected the clearing of the towns of 
 Kilkenny, Waterford, and Galway, as examples, to 
 convey a fuller and clearer view of the dealing of 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 the Commissioners of Parliament, with the cities and 
 walled towns of Ireland, than it was possible for me to 
 do in the former edition. 
 
 In that edition, “ the Irish massacre,” as it has 
 been generally called, was treated as an historical 
 falsehood. As the dissent from this view, of a no 
 less eminent historian than Professor Goldwin Smith, 
 of the University of Oxford, has been latelj^ ex- 
 pressed,’ I have given some grounds, not before 
 stated, for so treating it, Curry^ and Carey® have 
 discussed the question at length ; and their collec¬ 
 tion of proofs is convincing to show how erroneous 
 is the charge. And Lingard, an independent in¬ 
 quirer, comes to a like conclusion. If Mr. Goldwin 
 Smith has critically examined this subject, there can, 
 of course, be no objection made to his expressing his 
 opinion in the strongest manner. But even supposing 
 his conclusion to be right, he still commits a great in- 
 
 ’ Professor Goldwin Smith says, in his “ Cromwell,” “The Catho¬ 
 lics had begun it [the war] by a great massacre of the Protestants, 
 on the reality of which it seems to me idle to cast a doubt, though 
 assuredly, if such deeds could ever be pardoned, they might be par¬ 
 doned in a people so deeply wronged, so brutalized by oppression as 
 the Catholics of Ireland then were.” “ Three English Statesmen,’ 
 1867. 
 
 ’ “ Historical and’ Critical Keview of the Civil Wars in Ire¬ 
 land, &c.” By John Curry, M. D. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1786. 
 
 ’ “ Vindiciae Hibernicse, or Ireland Vindicated, &c., particularly 
 in the legendary tales of the Conspiracy and pretended Massacre in 
 1641.” By M. Carey. 8vo. Philadelphia: 1819. 
 
VI11 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 justice by using such terms as that “ the Catholics had 
 begun the war by a great massacre of Protestants 
 for he thus includes in the charge three-fourths of 
 the inhabitants of Ireland of that religion who were 
 entirely free from it, even by the admission of their 
 enemies, as the scene was confined to Ulster. And if 
 the Irish of Ulster, being Catholics, and by his own 
 statement “ deeply Avronged and oppressed” by the 
 English, being Protestants, and were thus forced into 
 resistance and rebellion, it is surely misleading to speak 
 of a massacre of Protestants by Catholics, instead of 
 English by Irish ? They were attacked, not as here¬ 
 tics, but as oppressors—not as Protestants, but as 
 plunderers. 
 
 There is no space for a proper treatment of the 
 subject within the limits of this work, and I only 
 trust that my imperfect remarks may not prejudice 
 the question. If they should give rise to any contro¬ 
 versy, no greater benefit could be conferred on the 
 Irish ; for the tale of this massacre will be for ever set 
 at rest, when the question shall be again discussed. 
 
 The frontispiece to this volume is a perfect fac¬ 
 simile of a Cromwellian Debenture. 
 
 At the time of publishing the former edition, I 
 had never seen a Debenture, though for near twenty 
 years, I may truly say, I lost no opportunity of search¬ 
 ing for one. When travelling on circuit, it was my 
 custom to ask every one I could venture to address, if 
 he had one, or had ever seen one, or if he had or knew 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 of any one who had any Cromwellian documents. 
 Though my search proved ineffectual to get sight of a 
 Debenture, this general query obtained me some valu¬ 
 able documents, and amongst them a transcript from 
 Lord Strafford’s Map of the lands intended to be planted 
 in the baronies of Upper and Lower Ormond, in the 
 county of Tipperary, made in or about the year 1637. 
 These great maps—for they comprised Connaught— 
 were the first, it is believed, drawn to scale in Ireland, 
 the size being 40 perches in an inch, and 21 feet 
 to a perch. They were all burned in the great fire 
 of 15th April, 1711, which destroyed the Council 
 Office in Essex-street; and the great value of the tran¬ 
 script is, that it is authenticated by the certificate of 
 the officer entrusted with its custody, as made on 
 22nd June, 1710. I have never seen or heard of 
 any other, and it was a question whether the maps 
 were ever made. 
 
 It was the late Thomas Sadleir, of Ballinderry 
 House, in the parish of Terryglas, in the North 
 Riding of Tipperary, that lent me his transcript 
 in the year 1851, to have a copy of it made. Va¬ 
 rious were the accounts given of Debenturers and 
 Debentures in different neighbourhoods, but they all 
 proved worthless. My hopes were once high raised 
 by the late George Langford, attorney, of Nenagh, 
 familiarly known as the “Long Vacation,” for his 
 tallness, the length of his legs and arms, and his 
 easy air. He told me of a set of cabin holders not 
 
X 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 far from Nenagh, that were said to represent Deben- 
 turers, that had got their lands for helping on Ireton’s 
 cannon to the siege of Limerick, in 1651. But nothing 
 was known of all this on the spot. In his own villa, 
 in the neighbourhood of Nenagh, he showed a Crom¬ 
 wellian sword (as he said) left behind by some officer 
 of Ireton’s, and kept as a relic ever since. At another 
 house, they produced “ Langley’s iron hand,” made for 
 an officer of that name, to replace one lost by him 
 at the storming of Clonmel, under Cromwell, in 
 1650. But, like the sword, there was no authenti¬ 
 cation of this curious object. The best hopes I 
 ever had of a Debenture were those given me by 
 the late Sir Montagu Chapman, Bart., of Killua 
 Castle, in the county of Westmeath. I happened 
 to meet him in the year 1851 on the Midland Great 
 Western Railway ; and after conversing on Crom¬ 
 wellian subjects, I told him how I had searched in vain 
 for a Cromwellian Debenture. “ Well!” said he, “you 
 shall not be long before you see one. I have a whole 
 sheaf of them ; and the next time I go to Killua I will 
 go to my deed chest, and bring them up to you.” That 
 very year he sailed to Australia, to visit an estate he 
 possessed there, and the ship that carried him was 
 never more heard of. On renewing my application, 
 many years afterwards, to his brother, the present 
 Sir Benjamin Chapman, he informed me that Sir 
 Montagu was mistaken ; the sheaf he spoke of were 
 assignments of Debentures, on small pieces of paper 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XI 
 
 made by soldiers to their officer, similar to those men¬ 
 tioned at p. 224, n. 3. 
 
 In 1856, being appointed Turnpikes Abolition 
 Commissioner, and made keeper for the time of the 
 Mullingar Eoad Debentures, I never looked at them 
 without wishing I might thus come on some Crom¬ 
 wellian debentures. But I had long given up all 
 hope. The very year, however, of publishing the 
 Cromwellian Settlement (1865), I unexpectedly re¬ 
 ceived the inestimable document flora Mr. Joseph 
 Hanly, to whom I am indebted for so much va¬ 
 luable information. It will be seen (p. 201), that 
 the soldiers or their representatives held 21,615 de¬ 
 bentures in their hands, at the King’s Restoration in 
 1660 ; and it is to be presumed, that on getting a con¬ 
 firmation of their lands in the Court of Claims, 1660- 
 1670, they were called in, and cancelled. But there is 
 no provision to that effect in the Act of Settlement. 
 They were obliged, however, to prove their title to 
 the lands they had in possession, on the 7th May, 1659, 
 and must necessarily produce the Debentures and the 
 assignments ; and there can be little doubt that the 
 Debentures were taken from the claimant to prevent 
 any double claims, and the assignments handed back, 
 and thus would be explained the cause of the abundance 
 of these latter documents, and the rarity of Deben¬ 
 tures. 
 
 The Debenture represented in this volume, it will 
 be seen, was given for arrears before 1649 ! 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 xii 
 
 lateness of its date—26 May, 1658—shows that it be¬ 
 longed to that body of Forty-nine men who were ex¬ 
 cluded, by the Act of Settlement, from the benefit of 
 receiving lands for their arrears, as betrayers of the 
 King’s Munster Garrisons to Cromwell,^ which would 
 account for its remaining in possession of the officer. 
 
 The Lists of the Adventurers for the Land and 
 Sea Forces are now for the first time published, con¬ 
 taining the names, designations, and subscriptions of 
 the 1360 Adventurers. 
 
 The subject of Soldiers’ arrears is treated more at 
 length, and an explanation given of the many different 
 classes of them. And there will be found a fuller 
 account of Debentures and their issue. There are 
 few, indeed, of the matters treated of in the former 
 edition but will be found to have received fresh eluci¬ 
 dation, and to be illustrated by new and additional 
 instances in the present. 
 
 JOHN P. PRENDERGAST. 
 
 Sandtmount, Dublin, 
 
 1st of May, 1870. 
 
 i4.th & 15th Chas. II. (A. D. 1662), chap. 2, sect. 195. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 Of all possessions in a country, Land is the most de¬ 
 sirable. It is the most fixed. It yields its returns 
 in the form of rent with the least amount of labour or 
 forethought to the owner. But, in addition to all these 
 advantages, the possession of it confers such power, 
 that the balance of power in a state rests with the class 
 that has the balance of Land. 
 
 The laws of most of the states of Europe since the 
 days of the Northern invasions have been made by the 
 landowners. They represent the Conquerors, and have 
 been enabled to prescribe to the mass of the people on 
 what conditions they shall live on the land, or whether 
 indeed they shall live there at all. 
 
 The term “ Settlement,” of such great import in the 
 history of Ireland in the Seventeenth century, means 
 nothing else than the settlement of the balance of land 
 according to the will of the strongest; for force, not 
 reason, is the source of law. And by the term Crom¬ 
 wellian Settlement is to be understood the history of 
 the dealings of the Commonwealth of England with 
 the lands and habitations of the people of Ireland 
 after their conquest of the country in the year 1652. 
 
XIV 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 As their object was rather to extinguish a nation than 
 to suppress a religion, they seized the lands of the 
 Irish, and transferred them (and with them all the 
 power of the state) to an overwhelming flood of new 
 English settlers, filled with the intensest national and 
 religious hatred of the Irish. 
 
 Two other settlements followed, which may be 
 called the Restoration Settlement, and the Revolution 
 Settlement. The one was a counter revolution, by 
 which some of the Royalist English of Ireland and a 
 few of the native Irish were restored to their estates 
 under the Acts of Settlement and Explanation.^ The 
 other (or Revolution Settlement) followed the victory 
 of William III. at the Battle of the Boyne, By it the 
 lands lately restored to the Royalist English and few 
 native Irish were again seized by the Parliament of 
 England, and distributed among the conquering nation. 
 
 ' Such was the national hatred of the Eoyalists of England to 
 the Irish (who fought, and lost country and everything for the 
 King), that even in their common exile abroad they rejoiced at 
 Cromwell’s proceedings in stripping the Irish of their lands :— 
 
 “We are at a dead calm [writes Sir Edward Hyde, afterwards 
 Earl of Clarendon, from Paris, in 1654] for all manner of intelli¬ 
 gence. Cromwell, no doubt, is very busy. Hathaniel Eiennes is 
 made Chancellor of Ireland ; and they doubt not to plant that king¬ 
 dom without opposition. And truly, if we can get it again, we 
 shall find difficulties removed which a virtuous Prince and more 
 quiet times could never have compassed.” Sir Edward Hyde to 
 Mr. Betius, Paris, 29th May, 1654.—Clarendon’s “State Tracts,” 
 vol. iii., p. 244. Folio. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XV 
 
 At the Court for the Sale of Estates forfeited on ac¬ 
 count of the war of 1690, the lands could be purchased 
 only by Englishmen. No Irishman, high or low, could 
 purchase an acre of them, or occupy more than the site 
 for a cabin ; for to the condition of labourers it was in¬ 
 tended that the relics of the nation should be reduced.’ 
 
 The Penal Laws, which lasted nearly in full force 
 till the breaking out of the first American War, were 
 nothing but the complement of the Forfeited Estates 
 Act. Their main purpose was, on the one hand, to 
 prevent the Irish from ever enlarging their landed in¬ 
 terest beyond the low state to which it had been reduced 
 after the sales by the Forfeited Estates Court—for 
 which reason they were forbid to purchase land ; and, 
 on the other hand, to contrive by all political ways, 
 and particularly by denying them the power to make 
 settlements of their property by deed or will, and 
 by making their lands divisible equally among their 
 sons at their death, to crumble and break in pieces the 
 remnant that had escaped confiscation, and thereby to 
 deprive them of all power and consideration in the 
 state.^ It will thus be seen that these three Settle- 
 
 ^ They could be purchased by Protestants (*. e. English) only, 
 1st Anne, st. i, c. 26, sect. 8, English Statute. Two acres was the 
 utmost an Irishman could take a lease of.—Ib. sect. 10. 
 
 ’ “As to the intention of the Act,' it is plain the legislature 
 had a double view; first, to disable Papists from enlarging their 
 
 ' 8th Anne, c. 3, A. D. 1710. 
 
XVI 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 ments are only parts of one whole, and that the Crom¬ 
 wellian Settlement is the foundation of the present 
 settlement of Ireland. 
 
 The term Settlement being understood in this sense, 
 the present sketch is conversant directly with the mea¬ 
 sures taken by the Parliament of England in dealing 
 with the land. The history of the Irish Rebellion of 
 1641, the personal character of Cromwell and the 
 chief actors, the account of the war from 1649 
 1653, are no further touched upon than has been 
 thought necessary to the main purpose of the sketch. 
 But it will be seen from the Introduction, and in treat¬ 
 ing the details of the Cromwellian Settlement, how 
 large a share of the history of Ireland is involved in 
 the Land question. 
 
 From the days of the first invasion, the King and 
 Council of England intended to m ake English landed pro¬ 
 prietors in Ireland the rulers of Ireland, as William the 
 Conquerorhad made theFrench of Normandy landlords 
 and rulers of the English. Though the English were in¬ 
 terrupted in this scheme for the government of Ireland 
 by the wars of Edward I. for the subjection of the 
 Scotch, by the wars of Edward III. and his successors 
 
 landed interest, so as they should soon moulder away in their hands : 
 the second view was to encourage them to become converts by throw¬ 
 ing some temporal invitation in their way.” Vicars against Car¬ 
 rol, in the Exchequer, loth February, 1728. “ Several Special Cases 
 on the Laws against the further Growth of Popery in Ireland. By 
 Gorges Edmond Howard, Esq.,” p. 37. 8vo. Dublin: 1775. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XVH 
 
 for the crown of France, and finally by the civil wars 
 of England, called the “ Wars of the Roses,” the de¬ 
 sign was never abandoned. And when Henry VIII., 
 disencumbered of foreign war and domestic treason, 
 had time to destroy the house of Kildare, he projected 
 the clearing of Ireland to the Shannon, and colonizing 
 it with English. But the new conquest of Ireland 
 only really began in the reigns of his three children, 
 Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, when 
 the conquest of the lands of the Irish for the purpose 
 of new colonizing or planting them with English was 
 resumed, after an interval of more than three hundred 
 years. During this interval the English Pale, or that 
 part of Ireland subject to the regular jurisdiction of 
 the King of England and his laws, had been gradually 
 contracting—partly by the English of Ireland throwing 
 off the feudal system, and partly by reconquests effected 
 by the Irish, until in the reign of Henry VI. the Pale 
 was nearly limited by the line of the Liffey and the 
 Boyne. Beyond the Pale the English and the Irish 
 dwelt intermixed. And in all the plans for restoring 
 the regular administration of the King’s laws in Ire¬ 
 land, previous to the reign of Edward VI., it was al¬ 
 ways proposed that the English of Ireland should be 
 brought back to their ancient military discipline, and 
 should conquer from the Irish the lands in their pos¬ 
 session, in order that they might be given to English 
 under grants on feudal conditions by the King. 
 
 But the English of Ireland clearly foresaw that the 
 
 b 
 
XVlll 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 effect of the complete conquest of the Irish would be 
 to give the Government of Ireland to the English of 
 England. Their armed retainers, called Gallowglasses 
 and Kerne, would be put down, as there would no longer 
 remain the pretence of defending the land from the 
 King’s Irish enemies. With the regular administration 
 of English law would come back wardships, mar- . 
 riages, reliefs, escheats, and forfeitures, which they 
 were only too happy to have thrown off in the days of 
 Edward II.; and the final result would be to bring 
 over new colonists from England, who would be rivals 
 to supplant them in the favour of the Government, and 
 in all the oifices of the State. The English of Ireland, 
 consequently, were secretly indisposed to effect the 
 reconquest, and it was not until they were subdued 
 that the second conquest began. 
 
 The first blow to the English of Irish birth was the 
 limiting the power of the Parliament. In the reign of 
 Henry YIL, Sir Edward Poynings forced from the Irish 
 Parliament a statute whereby the Privy Council of Eng¬ 
 land were made virtually controllers of the Parliament 
 of Ireland; for thenceforth it could originate no statutes, 
 and could pass only such as had been first approved by 
 the Privy Council of England. The Parliament had in 
 fact long become devoted to the Earls of Kildare, who 
 had thereby grown too powerful for the Kings of Eng¬ 
 land. The next and final blow to the power of the Eng¬ 
 lish of Ireland was the fall of the House of Kildare, w^hen 
 Silken Thomas, Earl of Kildare, and his five uncles, 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XIX 
 
 were executed at Tyburn for treason, at the end of 
 Henry VIII.’s reign. The head of tlie ancient Eng¬ 
 lish of Ireland had now fallen; their Parliament had 
 been already deprived of its power; the main obstacles 
 to the designs of England were removed; and in the 
 following reigns the reconquest of Ireland by planta¬ 
 tion began. 
 
 At first it was the native Irish that were stripped, 
 as the O’Moores, the O’Connors, and the O’Neils. The 
 Earl of Desmond’s great territories, extending over 
 Limerick and Kerry, Cork and Waterford, were next 
 confiscated and planted. Finally, in James I.’s reign, 
 the native Irish, not only of Ulster, but of Leitrim, and 
 wherever else they continued possessed of their origi¬ 
 nal territories, were dispossessed of portions of their 
 lands, varying from one-third to three-fourths, to form 
 plantations of new English. During the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth, the old English of Ireland, though they 
 agreed in point of religion with the native Irish, always 
 adhered to the English in any rebellion of the Irish, as 
 in a national quarrel. In James I.’s reign, as all the 
 planters were of the new religion, the old English found 
 themselves supplanted by them in all the olfices of the 
 State, as the Irish found themselves supplanted by 
 them in their native homes. 
 
 It is needless here to recapitulate the long-continued 
 injuries and insults by which the ancient English of 
 Ireland were forced into the same ranks with the Irish 
 in defence of the King’s cause in 1641. Chief among 
 
 b 2 
 
XX 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION, 
 
 them were the attempts to seize their estates under the 
 plea of defective title, in order to plant them with new 
 English. It was thus Lord Strafford got Connaught 
 and parts of Tipperary and Limerick into his power, 
 with the intention of forming a new plantation at the 
 expense of the Bourkes and other old English. One 
 of the old English, in 1644, thus graphically expresses 
 their feelings:—“Was it not the usual taunt of the 
 late Lord Strafford and all his fawning sycophants, in 
 their private conversations with those of the Pale, that 
 they were the most refractory men of the whole king¬ 
 dom, and that it was more necessary (that is, for their 
 own crooked ends) that they should be planted and 
 supplanted than any others; and that where planta¬ 
 tions might not reach. Defective Titles should extend ?” 
 He had known many an officer and gentleman, he 
 adds, who had left a hand at Kinsale in fighting in 
 defence of the Crown of England, when the Spaniards 
 and the Earl of Tyrone were defeated by Lord Mount- 
 joy, to be afterwards deprived of his pension for hav¬ 
 ing refused to take the oath of supremacy and alle¬ 
 giance in the Protestant form, though, as one of them 
 answered, on being questioned before the State for 
 matter of recusancy (as they termed it), “ It was not 
 asked of me the day of Kinsale what religion I 
 was of.”‘ 
 
 ' “ Queries propounded by the Protestant Party concerning the 
 Peace now treated of in Ireland, and the Answers thereto made on 
 behalf of the Irish Nation,’’pp. 11, 12, Small 4to. Paris: 1644, 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXI 
 
 The Scotch and English, however, having rebelled 
 against the King in 1639 (for the march of the Scot¬ 
 tish rebels to the border in that year was on the invi¬ 
 tation of the leaders of the popular party in England, 
 though they themselves did not openly take the field 
 till 1642),' the Irish rose in his favour. They were 
 finally subdued, in 1652, by Cromwell and the arms of 
 the Commonwealth ; and then took place a scene not 
 witnessed in Europe since the conquest of Spain by the 
 Vandals. Indeed, it is injustice to the Vandals to equal 
 them with the English of 1652; for the Vandals came 
 as strangers and conquerors in an age of force and 
 barbarism, nor did they banish the people, though they 
 seized and divided their lands by lot but the Eng¬ 
 lish, io 1652, were of the same nation as half of the 
 chief families in Ireland, and had at that time had the 
 island under their sway for five hundred years. 
 
 The captains and men of war of the Irish, amount¬ 
 ing to 40,000 men and upwards, they banished into 
 Spain, where they took service under that king; 
 others of them, with a crowd of orphan boys and girls, 
 were transported to serve the English planters in the 
 
 * To obtain a clear account of the leading causes and principal 
 events of this era in England in a short compass, with all the evi¬ 
 dence to support his view, I know nothing equal to “ The Britannic 
 Constitution,” by Eoger Acherley, Esq., of the Middle Temple, 
 (chap, ix., “Breaches of the Constitution in the Reign of Charles I.”). 
 Folio. London: 1727. 
 
 - See Robertson’s “ History of the Emperor Charles V.,” Appen¬ 
 dix to Introduction. 
 
XXll PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 West Indies ; and the remnant of the nation, not ba¬ 
 nished or transported, were to be transplanted into 
 Connaught, while the conquering army divided the 
 ancient inheritances of the native and naturalized Irish 
 amongst them by lot. 
 
 This scene, never before described, is the subject 
 of the present sketch. By what accident it became 
 my study may deserve mention. 
 
 I had for about ten years belonged to the Leinster 
 Circuit, travelling througli the counties of Wicklow, 
 Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, and Tipperary, when, 
 in the year 1846, I received a commission from Eng¬ 
 land to make some pedigree researches concerning an 
 Anglo-Norman family of the county of Tipperary. 
 Furnished with an old pedigree, which had been given 
 to one of its members by the Ulster King of Arms, 
 when quitting Ireland, as an exile, after the battle of 
 the Boyne, I visited the ancient seat of the family. 
 
 It lay twelve miles south of Clonmel, on the right 
 bank of the Suir, under a range of hills that there bars 
 the course of that river from north to south, and sends 
 it thirty miles eastward to issue below Waterford, 
 as one of “ the Three Sisters,”^ to the sea. Here I 
 found an old ruined castle, and beside it a still more 
 ruined chapel, and desecrated graveyard—those un- 
 mistakeable monuments of an overthrown people and 
 religion. This baronial castle was the head of many 
 a later and dependent tower and demesne, allotments 
 
 The Nore, the Barrow, and the Suir. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXlll 
 
 of the original territory amongst the posterity of the 
 first settler. The principal castle was built, probably, 
 in the reign of King John, and guarded the pass over 
 the hills between the counties of Tipperary and Water¬ 
 ford. It was the head of the barony; and, as appeared 
 by the Inquisitions, the dependent castles were bound 
 each to send so many reaping hooks in harvest, so many 
 garrans to plough in spring and autumn, and to ren¬ 
 der so many pottles of honey at Easter, and a pound¬ 
 age hog, and so many wax candles at Christmas. 
 Among the many broken tombstones of the family, 
 there lay within the walls of the roofless chapel a large 
 one fractured across the centre. It recorded the name 
 and virtues of a captain in the army, who, as far as could 
 be deciphered, had received the public thanks; but the 
 stone was gapped, and, the next word being “ borough,” 
 I was conjecturing that he had been a Member of 
 Parliament. One of the crowd who watched the 
 attempt to decipher the inscription sent a boy for 
 the fragment, which marked a potato ridge in the ad¬ 
 joining conacre field. It filled the gap, and the in¬ 
 scription now showed that he had received the public 
 thanks [of the great Duke borough for his dis¬ 
 
 tinguished services at the siege of Aire, in Flanders, 
 ill 1710.” 
 
 The prospect of the mountain, the river, and the 
 plain, together with the scene of ruin all around, so 
 characteristic of the country, excited my interest; and 
 the pedigrees (for in the neighbourhood I discovered 
 
XXIV 
 
 rilEFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION, 
 
 another) were now studied with care. The family, 
 it seems, had come over from Pembrokeshire with 
 Strongbow, and by an alliance with the De Birming- 
 haras had obtained large possessions both in Tipperary 
 and inWaterford (counties which the chain of hills here 
 divides) ; so large, indeed, that the country people, 
 endued with an imagination that supplies a tradition 
 for everything, call the family, whose memory they 
 tenaciously preserve, the Clan a Gothag, or Clan of the 
 Smoke; for they say that the founder of the family, 
 the first invader, halted on the summit of the pass, 
 from whence could be seen the Suir flowing north and 
 south on one side, and the Blackwater in the same di¬ 
 rection on the other; and, lighting a fire, he said that 
 he would follow and conquer with the smoke. It was 
 a calm summer day, and the smoke rose, and spread 
 both ways. 
 
 There they remained, possessed of lands in Tip' 
 perary and Waterford, from the days of King John. 
 In the year 1650, Cromwell, leaving his winter quar¬ 
 ters inYoughal at an unusually early season of the 
 year for campaigning in Ireland (the 29th of January), 
 crossed the Suir at Cahir, nine miles to the north of 
 this castle; and sending a detachment towards it, it 
 was surrendered, but was yielded back on condition 
 of the defences being taken down. A few soldiers 
 were left to see this done. The rest of the detach¬ 
 ment had not proceeded far before they heard con¬ 
 fused noises behind; and they hurried back, thinking 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXV 
 
 that the tenants of the castle were murdering their 
 comrades. But it was only the noise of a pack of 
 buck-hounds, kept in the bawn, or fortified curtilage. 
 So they brought off the owner and his hounds to 
 Cromwell, then on his march to the siege to Kilkenny, 
 who was thus afforded some good sport. And the 
 dogs would seem to have proved very respectable me¬ 
 diators with Cromwell for their master; for he so in¬ 
 gratiated himself with Cromwell (according to the 
 account given in the pedigree) by this strange hunt¬ 
 ing bout, that the stern general promised him his fa¬ 
 vour. Be this as it may, among the few letters of the 
 Lord Protector there does remain one in favour of a 
 gentleman of the same name “ of the County of Tip¬ 
 perary,” requesting that he might be spared from 
 transplantation. 
 
 His estate, however, passed to the Adventurers. 
 Whole families of his kinsmen, as I afterwards found, 
 were transplanted from the neighbouring castles 
 into Connaught. Thence some of them petitioned 
 to be allowed to come back, merely to get in their 
 last harvest; but they were refused; they were only 
 suffered to send some servants. Soon afterwards 
 they sold their assignments in Connaught for a trifle 
 to the officers of transplantation, and fled in hor¬ 
 ror and aversion from the scene, and embarked for 
 Spain. At the Restoration, the heir, who had served 
 under the King’s ensigns abroad, returned ; and, ex¬ 
 pecting to be restored to his estate, complained 
 
XXVI 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 to the Council that he found the Adventurer in 
 possession of the family estate cutting down all the 
 timber, endeavouring, evidently, to make the most of 
 his time, incase he should lose the lands by this new 
 revolution. As the timber on all forfeited lands was, 
 by Cromwell’s Acts, reserved to the State, the Council 
 had issued a proclamation, on the Eestoration, to pre¬ 
 vent the cutting down of trees. The affidavit of the 
 heir still remains, informing the Council that, when 
 he showed the Adventurer the proclamation, he and 
 his men answered him, “ that they did not value the 
 said proclamation, and that they would not leave stand¬ 
 ing a tree, of all the wood but one, whereon he, this 
 deponent, should hang.” 
 
 Deprived of their estates, which were never re¬ 
 stored, different branches of the family became tenants 
 under the Adventurers of the lands they had once 
 owned as lords. Some of them, still adhering to the 
 Crown, forfeited their leases after the battle of the 
 Boyne, and became exiles. Others held on. One of 
 the family—the grandfather of him whose pedigree I 
 was commissioned to investigate—happened to be con¬ 
 ducting agent for one of the candidates at the election 
 at Clonmel for the county of Tipperary caused by the 
 accession of George III. He tendered his vote. “You 
 know you married a Papist,” said the opposing agent, 
 and thus denied his right. The other challenged him 
 for the insult. They retired at once to the Green of 
 Clonmel, behind the Courthouse, where the man in- 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 xxvn 
 
 suited on account of his wife’s religion was shot 
 dead, the other with difficulty escaping, on a horse, 
 from the excited crowd across the River Suir, which 
 runs by the Green. 1 did not understand, until later, 
 that if a Protestant married an Irishwoman, and she 
 did not conform to English religion within one year of 
 the marriage, he sank to the Helot-like condition of his 
 wife’s people; he was deprived of all rights ; he became 
 “ a constructive Papist;” and “ a Protestant of this class 
 was, in the eye of the law, a more odious Papist (to 
 use the words of the Court) than a real and actual 
 Papist by profession and principle.”’ 
 
 On my return to Dublin, I had recourse to the 
 Records, to trace the pedigree. The Rolls of Chan¬ 
 cery begin only in the reign of Edward IL, almost 
 all the earlier ones having been burnt by a fire that 
 destroyed St. Mary’s Abbey, where they were then 
 deposited. Many early links, however, were obtained 
 from the Tower of London, whither appeals in Writs 
 of Right by members of the family, and in one case of 
 Wager of Battle, carried from Ireland to Westminster 
 in the reign of Edward !., had been preserved. From 
 Edward IL to the 34th of Henry VHL compara¬ 
 tively little information was to be obtained, as in that 
 interval the regular administration of English law 
 was suspended, except in the Pale ; and the English 
 
 ‘ The case of Rives against Roderic, in the Exchequer, Hilary 
 Term, 1729. Howard’s “Cases on the Laws against the further 
 Growth of Popery in Ireland,” p. 60. 8vo. Dublin: 1775. 
 
XXVlll 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 in the provinces ruled their differences by March Law, 
 the Irish by Brehon Law, and some of the towns (as 
 for instance, Galway) by the Civil Law. 
 
 But after the fall of the House of Kildare, the Feu¬ 
 dal Law was resumed, and Inquisitions taken upon 
 the death of every landowner “found,” or recorded in 
 Chancery, his death ; what estates he died seised of; 
 who was his heir, and whether under age, and unmar¬ 
 ried ; for in that case the King became entitled to the 
 guardianship and marriage of the heir, and to the rents 
 of the estate during the minority, without account. 
 Thus, from 1540 to 1640 nothing was easier than to 
 trace the chain. But here these documents ended, and 
 a gap ensued, which it was long difficult to bridge. The 
 Statutes, after asimilar gap, began in 1662 with the Act 
 of Settlement. After some study it proved unintelli¬ 
 gible. It was founded on transactions of which there 
 was no explanation. The histories of Ireland afforded 
 next to nothing. 
 
 The search for information had been for some time 
 abandoned as nearly hopeless, when I remembered 
 that in the King’s Inns’ Library there were pamphlets 
 amounting to thousands, but not catalogued. Each 
 day, after court, a certain number vrere gone through, 
 until at length the whole was examined. Between 
 1641 and 1650, there were plenty of pamphlets about 
 Ireland ; but they concerned the War ; and it was not 
 such I wanted. I had come to perceive the importance 
 of the history of the Landed Settlement of Ireland, 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 and I desired those that concerned the period from 
 1650 to 1660. I only found the following, viz.:— 
 “ The Great Case of Transplantation in Ireland Dis¬ 
 cussed,” in the year 1655, with an answer by Colonel 
 Lawrence, and a reply by Vincent Gookin (the author 
 of the ‘‘ Case”) ; and Colonel Lawrence’s “Interest of 
 England in the Well Planting of Ireland with English 
 People Discussed,” in 1656. 
 
 My interest was now redoubled, for I had begun to 
 form some conception of the Settlement. I went back 
 to the Rolls Office to ask Mr. Hatchell, so long Deputy 
 Keeper, if he knew anything of the History of the 
 Settlement; and if not, who did ? He answered, he 
 knew nothing of it, “ but perhaps Groves might.” He 
 was an old clergyman, who had been one of the Record 
 Commission of 1810. Mr. Groves knew nothing, but 
 said Mr. Shaw Mason might—he had been Secretary 
 to the Commission ; but Mr. Mason knew no more than 
 Mr. Groves. 
 
 I now thought of searching the Record Commis¬ 
 sioners’ Reports, and found that there were several 
 volumes of Entry Books of the very date required, 
 1650-1659, in the custody of the Clerk of the Privy 
 Council, preserved in the heavily embattled Tower 
 which forms the most striking feature of the Castle of 
 Dublin. They were only accessible at that day through 
 the order of the Lord Lieutenant or Chief Secretary 
 for Ireland. I obtained at length, in the month of 
 
XXX 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 September, 1848, an order. It maybe easily imagined 
 with what interest I followed the porter up the wind¬ 
 ing standing stone staircase of this gloomy tower, once 
 the prison of the Castle, and was ushered into a small 
 central space that seemed dark, even after the dark 
 stairs we had just left. As the eye became accus¬ 
 tomed to the spot, it appeared that the doors of five 
 cells made in the prodigious thickness of the Tower 
 Avails opened on the central space. From one of them 
 Hugh Roe O’Donel is said to have escaped, by getting 
 down the privy of his cell to the Poddle River that 
 runs round the base of the Tower. The place was 
 covered with the dust of twenty years; but, opening 
 a-couple of volumes of the Statutes—one as a clean spot 
 to place my coat upon, the other to sit on—I took 
 up my seat in the cell, exactly opposite to the one 
 just mentioned, as it looked to the south over the 
 Castle garden, and had better light. In this Tower, 
 I found a series of Order Books of the Commissioners 
 of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England 
 for the Affairs of Ireland, together with Domestic Cor¬ 
 respondence and Books of Establishments from 1650 
 to 1659.' They were marked on the back by the 
 
 1 Under the late Record Act Sir Bernard Burke has been ap¬ 
 pointed Keeper of the State Papers in this Tower, and the whole 
 presents under his care a complete contrast to what is here described. 
 The Books of the Commissioners for the Alfairs of Ireland have been 
 all rebound. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 letter A over a number, as will be observed in the va¬ 
 rious references in the notes to the present sketch.' 
 Here I found the records of a nation’s woes. The 
 first page I happened to open presented the follow¬ 
 ing 
 
 “ Forasmuch as the within Mrs. Mary Wolverston, by reason of 
 the bad weather that hath happened, was disabled to travel with her 
 provision and carriages into Connaught by the tyme limited in the 
 within passe, these are therefore to desire all whom it may concern 
 to permit the said Mary, and the within named persons her servants, 
 with such come and other necessary provisions as she or they shall 
 have with them, quietly to pass into Connaught aforesaid to their 
 habitations, she and they behaving themselves as becometh. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council. 
 
 Dated the 141!/? October, 1654.” 
 
 I felt that I had at last reached the haven I had 
 been so long seeking. There I sat, extracting, for 
 many weeks, until I began to know the voices of many 
 of the corporals that came with the guard to relieve 
 
 ‘ See the Catalogue of these Books, among the papers contained 
 in the Council Office, in the volume of Reports from the Record 
 Commissioners from 1816 to 1826, Appendix, p. 227. 
 
 2 -7’ The Wolverstons were at this time owners of the noble 
 5 
 
 demesne called Stillorgan Park, three miles south of Dublin, derived 
 through the Cruise family, who were possessed of it in the beginning 
 of the 13th century. (“ History of the County of Dublin, by John 
 D’Alton, Esq., Barrister at Law,” p. 840. 8vo. Dublin: 1838.) It 
 subsequently got the name of Carysfort Park, from becoming the 
 property of the Earls of Carysfort. 
 
XXXll 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 the sentry in the Castle yard below, and every drum 
 and bugle call of the regiment quartered in the Ship- 
 street barracks. At length, between the labour of 
 copying, and excitement at the astonishing drama per¬ 
 forming as it were before my eyes, my heart by some 
 strange movements warned me it was necessary to 
 retire for a time. But I again and again returned at 
 intervals, sometimes of months, sometimes of years. 
 Other depositories were ransacked. I got free range of 
 the Exchequer, full of interesting historical documents, 
 and containing the Minute and Order Books of Crom¬ 
 well’s Court of Claims. I had access to the Records 
 of the late Auditor and Surveyor-General’s offices in 
 the Custom House Buildings, in the custody of W. H. 
 Hardinge, Esq., whose works on the Official Maps 
 and Surveys of the 1641 and 1688 Forfeitures, now 
 publishing in the “ Transactions of the Royal Irish 
 Academy,” will become, for their extent and accuracy, 
 the basis of much authentic history. Some of the 
 Order Books of the Council are to be found here; and 
 the correspondence of the Revenue Commissioners of 
 the fifteen precincts into which Ireland was divided 
 by the Commissioners of the Commonwealth abound 
 in curious details. Every circuit I visited, through 
 the kind permission of the late Marquis of Ormond, the 
 muniment room of Kilkenny Castle, containing a se¬ 
 ries of private and public historical documents, some 
 coseval with the first Conquest—a pleasure enhanced 
 by a friendship with their accomplished keeper, the 
 
PKFFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XXxiii 
 
 Rev. James Graves, Honorary Secretary to the Kil¬ 
 kenny Archaeological Society.^ 
 
 This depositoryis still surprisingly rich, thoughthree 
 Irish carloads of papers concerning the Cromwellian 
 and Restoration eras were carried away by Carte, to 
 enable him to write the “ History of the Life of James 
 Duke of Ormond,”—papers which are to be found 
 in the Great Carte collection in the Bodleian Library 
 at Oxford. These were visited, as also the British 
 Museum and State Paper Office, which, however, did 
 not yield much. I must add the Library of Charles 
 Haliday, Esq., at his Lucullan villa, Monkstown Park, 
 rich in all the rarest literature relating to Ireland, with 
 a collection of pamphlets and fugitive pieces from the 
 earliest time to the present, probably unequalled,^ over 
 
 ‘ Author, jointly with J. G. A. Prim, of the “History of the 
 Cathedi-al of St. Canice, Xilkenny.” 4to. Dublin : Hodges and 
 Smith, 1857. Mr. Graves is now editing, under the sanction of 
 the Master of the Rolls, a Council Roll of 18th Richard IT., A. D. 
 1395, preserved in Kilkenny Castle. 
 
 ^ Plutarch, after describing the elegance of Lucullus’s villas, 
 praises him for the libraries he had collected, and the number of 
 volumes he had caused to be copied from him in elegant hands. His 
 libraries were open to all. The Greeks repaired at pleasure to the 
 galleries and porticos, as to the retreat of the Muses, and there spent 
 whole days in conversation on matters of learning, delighted to re¬ 
 tire to such a scene from business and from care. LucuRus often 
 joined these learned men in their walks, and gave them his advice 
 about the affairs of their country; so that his house was in fact 
 an asylum and senate house to all the Greeks that visited Rome. 
 
 “ Life of Lucullus.” 
 
 C 
 
XXXIV 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 the door of which might be written, “ The Books of 
 Charles Haliday and his friends.”' As the materials 
 grew, so grew the difficulty of selecting and framing 
 an account. Other occupations also interfered. 
 
 It seemed as if I had now gone through every de¬ 
 pository. I had got a tolerably clear view of that 
 great work, the Transplantation of a Nation, which the 
 Commissioners of the Parliament found it such a labour 
 to execute. But to express the despondency I felt at 
 attempting to describe it, I might almost use the lan¬ 
 guage of the Commissioners themselves in effecting 
 
 ' Eabelais inscribed in all his books the following :—“Francisci 
 Eabelsesi, medici, kuI twv av-rov (piKwv.'^ Notwithstanding his de¬ 
 votion to commerce, there are to be found valuable papers from 
 Mr. Haliday on the early history of Dublin and its port in the 
 “ Transactions of the Eoyal Irish Academy.” His researches into 
 the history of the Danes of Ireland would be a most important ad¬ 
 dition to the histoiy of the kingdom.^ 
 
 ■ Charles Haliday died on the 14th of September, 1866. He left his library and 
 all he had to his wife, and directed that his body should be borne by his ser¬ 
 vants to Old Monkstown Churchyard, and that no stone should ever be placed 
 over his grave. His wife, mindful of his wishes, sometimes expressed in eon- 
 versation, though not in his will, that his books might be kept together in some 
 Public Library, gave them, shortly after his death, to the Royal Irish Academy, 
 and thus raised a nobler and more enduring memorial of his name and character 
 than any marble monument. 
 
 The extent and value of the gift may be judged from this, that the Pam¬ 
 phlets number 29,000. There are 21,997, in 2211 volumes in octavo, uniformly 
 bound in one series ; and about 7000 pamphlets, quarto, of very early date, un¬ 
 bound. There are, besides, aU the best works on Ireland, and broadsides, 
 ballads, and a mass of rare and curious materials for the student of Irish his¬ 
 tory, ancient and modern. Also a fine Collection of works on early Danish and 
 Norwegian affairs. 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION, 
 
 XXXV 
 
 it—“ The children were now come to the birth, and 
 much was expected and desired, but there was no 
 strength to bring forth.”' 
 
 In the beginning of the year, 1864, however, the 
 Earl of Charlemont intrusted me with the care of the 
 noble collection of books, coins, and papers in Char¬ 
 lemont House, Dublin, formed by his grandfather, 
 James, first Earl of Charlemont, a man no less distin¬ 
 guished in arts than for patriotism—the General in 
 Chief of the Irish Volunteers. The library was a rich 
 one (particularly in early English and Italian litera¬ 
 ture) ; but, as I had had constant access to so many fine 
 Public Libraries, I had no expectation of meeting with 
 anything in print that had not come under my notice. 
 What, then, was ray surprise to find twelve thick quarto 
 volumes, in old sheepskin covers, comprising the Lon¬ 
 don weekly newspapers between 1641 and 1659, the 
 same substantially in form as those of the present day. 
 Each paper has a leading article (those of the year 1650, 
 for instance, have “Young Tarquin,” for their subject, 
 sometimes called ‘‘ the Scotch King,” nicknames for 
 Charles II., to render him odious to the English), 
 proceedings in Parliament and the Law Courts, and 
 correspondence from Paris, Sweden, Rome, &c., and 
 Ireland—the letters from Ireland supplying some of 
 those lively touches that such contemporary accounts 
 alone_can give. 
 
 See at p. post. 
 
xxxvi 
 
 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 It was plain that all the information that could be 
 hoped for had now been obtained ; and if not brought 
 forth the subject might sleep for another period as 
 long as the last—some of the information might, per¬ 
 haps, be buried for ever with the possessor.’ Much 
 of it had been collected with the view of being able 
 some time or other to treat the subject of the Settle¬ 
 ment of landed property in Ireland, historically consi¬ 
 dered, before the body of the Bar; but as neither of 
 the two chairs founded by the Benchers had the law 
 of real property allotted to it, and still wishing to 
 interest my own profession in a favourite pursuit, a 
 select audience of them was addressed.^ The interest 
 
 ’ “When a learned man dies,” said the Master of the Temple, in 
 his speech at the grave of the great jurisconsult, John Selden, in 
 1654, in the Temple Church—“when a learned man dies, much 
 learning dies with himadding, “ If learning could have kept 
 a man alive, our brother had not died.”—Wood’s “ Athenae Oxo- 
 nienses,” vol. ii., “ John Selden,” p. 134. Folio. London: 1712. 
 
 ^ This lecture was delivered on the 9 th of June, 1864, at the 
 Four Courts, Dublin. The following was the notice issued :— 
 
 “ The Ceomwellian Settlemehx of Ieeland. 
 
 “ A lecture, to be based on Acts and Ordinances of the Parlia¬ 
 ment of the Commonwealth of England, on unpublished Orders and 
 Declarations of the Lord Deputy and Council for the Affairs of Ire¬ 
 land, and on other original sources. To be illustrated by transcript 
 maps of Strafford’s Survey, taken in 1637, on occasion of the confis¬ 
 cation of Connaught and part of Tipperary; also by transcripts of 
 the Down Survey, for setting down the regiments of the Army of 
 the Parliament of England, by troops and companies, in 1654 and 
 
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 
 
 XXXVll 
 
 and appreciation shown by men so well qualified to 
 judge gave assurance that the subject could not be 
 without interest to the public. 
 
 JOHN P. PRENDERGAST. 
 
 3, Tower Terrace, Sandymount, Dublin, 
 
 May I, 1865. 
 
 1655; by original certificates of Adventurers’ allotments, and by 
 conveyances from the soldiers of whole troops and companies of their 
 dehentures to their officers; likewise hy coloured maps, showing, in 
 different tints, the baronies assigned in Connaught for the new settle¬ 
 ments of the ancient nobility, gentry, and farmers of the Irish nation, 
 corresponding in character to their old habitations in the three other 
 provinces from whence they were transplanted; and showing the 
 division of those three provinces between the Adventurers, for their 
 advances towards putting down the rebellion, and between the 
 officers and soldiers for arrears of pay.” 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 ——♦— 
 
 I. 
 
 THE PLANTATION OF lEELAND, FEOIT THE FIEST INVASION OF THE 
 ENGLISH, UNDER HENKT II,, TO THAT EFFECTED BY CROMWELL. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 The Gaels or Celts, the ancestors of the Irish,. i 
 
 The Roman Rule in Britain,. 3 
 
 The Saxon Rule in Britain,. 5 
 
 The Norman Conquest of England,. 5 
 
 The Irish as first seen by their future Landlords,.10 
 
 The Irish ruled by the Brehon System until the year 1610,.ii 
 
 The English in Ireland ruled by the burdensome Feudal System, ... 17 
 
 The Irish denied the use of English Law,.21 
 
 Killing the Irish no Murder,.22 
 
 The Irish forbidden to purchase Land,.. 22 
 
 The English of Ireland make the Irish Enemy an excuse for keeping up 
 
 armed Forces, and btinish the Ministers of the Feudal System, ... 25 
 
 They secretly prefer the Freedom of Irish Life and Manners.30 
 
 Attempts of the Kings of England to make the English renounce Irish Man¬ 
 ners, and to bring them back to Feudal Discipline,.32 
 
 Schemes for the Re-conquest of Ireland,.. 36 
 
 Re-conquest by Plantation begins by the Planting of the O’Moore’s and 
 
 O’Connor’s Countries in Philip and Mary’s reign,.39 
 
 Confiscation and Plantation of the Earl of Desmond’s Territories in Munster, 
 
 in Queen Elizabeth’s reign,.39 
 
 Plantation of Ulster by Janies I..41 
 
 Plantations in the same reign in the King’s County, in Wexford, Leitrim, 
 
 and Longford,. 45 
 
 Strafford’s projected Plantation of Connaught in the reign of Charles I., . . 47 
 
xl 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 II. 
 
 THE IRISH REBELLION OF 2 3 RD OCTOBER, 1 64 1, AND THE SUPPOSED 
 MASSACRE OF ENGLISH. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 The Irish Rebellion preceded, not by forty years’ Peace and Happiness in 
 
 Ireland, as pretended, but by Oppression and Misery,.49-S i 
 
 Discontents of Scotland and England,.51 
 
 The Scots take arms in 1639,.ib. 
 
 Strafford raises an Army of 8000 men in Ireland in 1640, to invade Scotland, 
 
 and the King assembles another at York, . . •.52 
 
 The Scots, on the Invitation of the popular leaders in Parliament, invade 
 
 England,.53 
 
 The Scottish Army stands by to countenance the Trial and Execution of 
 
 Lord Strafford,.ib. 
 
 The King, after Strafford’s Execution, goes to Edinburgh to collect proofs of 
 
 the Inviters’ Treason,.33 
 
 Sends the Queen, with the Crown Jewels, to France and Denmark, to raise 
 
 forces against the Parliament,.54 
 
 Sends the Marquis of Antrim to Ireland to organize Forces there, ... 54 
 
 Small numbers of Scotch and English in the Escheated Counties of Ulster, 
 
 at the outbreak of the 23rd of October, 1641,.56 
 
 Terrors of the Lords Justices at first,.36 
 
 In their cruel fury afterwards, they order the slaughter of unarmed men, 
 
 women, and children,.J^“59 
 
 The Evidence taken by the Seven Despoiled Ministers, under the King’s Com¬ 
 mission, and published in March, 1642, makes no mention of a General 
 
 Massacre,.61-63 
 
 The Story originated in 1642, to prevent the King from making a peace with 
 
 the Irish, and using them against the Parliament,.63-71 
 
 III. 
 
 SCHEME FOR A LAST AND PERMANENT CONOUEST OF IRELAND BY 
 
 PLANTATION, THROUGH A SOCIETY OF ADVENTURERS. 
 
 The Adventurers for the Land and Sea Forces,.7^ 
 
 The difficulties of the Irish War, and the terms offered to the Irish, ... 73 
 
 Schemes for the new Planting of Ireland,.8r 
 
 Departure of the Swordmen for Spain,.86 
 
 The Seizing of Widows and Orphans, and the Destitute, to transport to Bar- 
 
 badoes and the English Plantations, . 88 
 
 Ireland assigned to the Adventurers and Soldiers, . 93 
 
CONTENTS. xli 
 
 IV. 
 
 THE TRANSPLANTATION. 
 
 PA OB. 
 
 The First Trumpet,.96 
 
 The Second and Last Trumpet, with the Doom of the Irish Nation, .... 101 
 
 The Remonstrance of the Irish,.106 
 
 Applications for Dispensations from Transplantation,.no 
 
 The Troubles of the Commissioners for Ireland.118 
 
 The First Aspect of Connaught,.120 
 
 The First Year of Transplantation,.122 
 
 The Second and following Years of Transplantation,.127 
 
 Sentences of Death for not Transplanting, ... 133 
 
 An Englishman’s Protest against the Transplantation of the Irish, . . . . 134 
 
 Fury of the Cromwellian Officers against the Author of “ The Case of Trans¬ 
 plantation Discussed,”.140 
 
 “ The Great Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation Stated,” in 
 
 answer to “The Case of Transplantation Discussed,”.143 
 
 Penalty for not Transplanting, changed from Death to Transportation, . . 145 
 
 The Transplanters and their Connaught Assignments,.146 
 
 Court for the Claims and Qualifications of the Irish at Athlone, .... 155 
 
 The Loughrea Commissioners,.158 
 
 Court at Mallow for the Claims and Qualifications of the Irish of Cork, 
 
 Youghal, and Kinsale,. 164 
 
 The Transplantation of Walter Cheevers,.176 
 
 The Case of Pierce Viscount Ikerrin,. 179 
 
 The Sufferings of Maurice Viscount Roche of Fermoy,.182 
 
 Other Sufferers,.185 
 
 IV«. 
 
 THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS. 
 
 The difierent kinds of Arrears, and the order of their Satisfaction, .... 187 
 
 Debentures.196 
 
 The Civil Survey, ... 201 
 
 The Down Survey,.204 
 
 The Boxing of the Army for Lands,.206 
 
 The Equalizing of Counties and Baronies, .212 
 
 The Counties as valued by the Army.. 
 
 Valuation of the Baronies.. 
 
 d 
 
xlii 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 List of the Troops and Companies disbanded in August, 1655, and the Baro¬ 
 nies assigned to them, and how Rated,.216 
 
 The Equalizing of the Lands in the Lot of a Troop or Company, .... 220 
 
 Sale of Debentures by the Common Soldiers to their Officers, . 221 
 
 Common Soldiers discontented at being forced to Plant in Ireland, .... 226 
 
 Common Soldiers cheated of their Lots of Land by their Officers, .... 234 
 
 Attempts of the Officers to take Advantage of one another in the Setting out 
 
 of Lands, . 235 
 
 V. 
 
 The Adventukeks,.239 
 
 YI. 
 
 THE KE-INHABITING OP IRELAND. 
 
 Three Districts or Pales projected,.245 
 
 A pure Irish beyond the Shannon,.ib. 
 
 A pure English within the line of the Barrow,.246 
 
 A mixed English and Irish in the rest of Ireland,.ib. 
 
 Ireland opened to all foreign Protestants : English Puritans also invited back 
 
 from America,. 248 
 
 Proceedings of the Adventurers in Replanting,.251 
 
 Proceedings of the Officers in Replanting,.259 
 
 The Officers take the Old Proprietors as Tenants,.266 
 
 Of the Five Counties,.269 
 
 The Towns cleared of Old English for fresher English to inhabit, . . . . 272 
 
 The Clearing of the City of Kilkenny,.285 
 
 The Clearing of Waterford,.295 
 
 The Clearing of Galway,. 302 
 
 VII. 
 
 THE THREE BITEDENSOME BEASTS. 
 
 Desolation of Ireland,.307 
 
 First Burdensome Beast, The Wolf,.309 
 
 Second Burdensome Beast, The Priest, . 311 
 
 Third Burdensome Beast, The Tory, . . . . . 325 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 xliil 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Petition of Maurice Viscount Roche of Fermoy,.361 
 
 II. 
 
 Transplanters’ Certificates,.363 
 
 III. 
 
 Petitions for Dispensations from Transplantation,.37y 
 
 IV. 
 
 Map of the County of Tipperary as divided between the Adventurers and 
 
 Soldiers, and Allotments of the Adventurers in the different Baronies, . 386 
 
 V. 
 
 The Names and Subscriptions of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, as also 
 
 of those who subscribed for the Sea Service, .403 
 
 Index of Subjects,. 449 
 
 Index of Names, .495 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Fac-simile of Debenture for the Frontispiece. 
 
 Copy of this Debenture,.196 
 
 “ A Transplanter’s Grave.” Mural Tablet above the Grave of Lord Trimles- 
 town, in the Strangers’ Room, in the Ruined Abbey of Kilconnell, in the 
 
 County of Galway,.186 
 
 A Character or Plan of the Dividing of the Barony of Connello, in the County 
 
 of Limerick, by the Adventurers,.240 
 
 Maps ; 
 
 Jlap of the Settlement of Ireland by the Act of ifiih September, 1653. 
 
 Map of Connaught, as laid out to receive the Inhabitants from the several 
 Counties of the other Provinces, A. D. 1654. 
 
 Map of Tipperary, as divided between the Adventurers and Soldiers. 
 
CORRIGENDUM. 
 
 At p. 197, n.,/or Prtedia Caesar Itala an est telluro daturus, read 
 Praedia Caesar an est Itala tellure daturus. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 OF 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE PLANTATION OF IRELAND FROM THE FIRST INVASION OF THE 
 ENGLISH UNDER KING HENRY II. TO THE SETTLEMENT EFFECTED 
 BY CROMWELL. 
 
 “ The Irish are one of the most ancient nations,” says Spen¬ 
 ser, “ that I know of at this end of the world and come of 
 “ as mighty a race as the world ever brought forth.”* 
 
 They belong to that great Gaelic or Celtic race that ages 
 ago inhabited Erin, Britain, Gaul, and the northern part of 
 Spain. 
 
 Men of big hearts, and big bodies,® the Gauls were long 
 the terror of Rome. Bursting over the Alps, they sacked the 
 city (B. C. 388). Camillus paid a ransom for it, and they re¬ 
 tired ; and Camillus got the name of Second founder of Rome. 
 Others of them, following the course of the Danube, burst into 
 
 ' “ View of the State of Ireland,” written by Edmund Spenser, Esq., in the 
 year 1596, pp. 26 and 32. Folio. Printed at Dublin ; 1633. 
 
 ’ “ Ingcntes animos ingenti corpore versant.”—The men of Tipperary are 
 said to have hearts as big as hulls, and to their foes as fierce; but to woman or 
 friend as tender as a thrush’s. 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Greece, and attacked the Temple of Delphi for its treasures 
 (B. C. 279). Another body crossed over into Asia Minor. 
 Three of their tribes divided the country among them. Antio- 
 chus at length put a stop to their attacks on the Greek cities,^ 
 and confined them to the central mountains of Asia Minor ; for 
 this he got the title of Soteer, or Saviour (B. C. 277). There 
 they long dwelt, the only free people amid nations of wealthy 
 and luxurious slaves. The chiefs of the clans met yearly on 
 a plain, surrounded by ancient oaks. Here St. Jerome found 
 them speaking their own language, six hundred years after 
 their first settlement. Of these were “ the Galatians,” or Celts, 
 to whom St. Paul addressed his Epistle. 
 
 About one hundred years before the birth of Christ, the 
 Cimbric Gauls again threatened Rome. Marius, fresh from his 
 conquest at Carthage, defeated them. It bespeaks the great¬ 
 ness of the peril that the Romans gave him for this victory the 
 name of Third founder of Rome. They were a warlike race. 
 Whoever wanted to buy headlong courage hired the Gauls. 
 They were in the pay of Carthage ; they were the chosen sol¬ 
 diers of Pyrrhus, that king of blasted triumphs, who loved 
 fighting for fighting’s sake. It was in going to the rescue of 
 his Gaulish troops, overmatched in the market-place of Argos, 
 that an old woman killed him in one of its narrow streets, by 
 a tile thrown from the roof. Vast in their hopes, noisy, rhe¬ 
 torical, laughers, talkers, sympathetic,—such is the character 
 of the early race. “ The Gauls march openly to their end,” 
 says Strabo, “and are thus easily circumvented.” 
 
 Some people seem always disposed to side with the power- 
 
 ‘ See the touching song, in Greek, of three young Ionian ladies of Miletus, 
 who voluntarily quitted life rather than meet these Gauls :— 
 
 “ Then let us hence, Miletus dear! Sweet native land, farewell ! 
 
 The insulting wrongs of lawless Gauls we fear whilst here we dwell.” 
 Bohn’s “ Greek Anthology,” translated, p. 449. izmo. London •. 1852. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 3 
 
 ful; but the Gauls, according to the same author, more readily 
 took part with the weak and injured. 
 
 Caesar, meditating schemes for the overthrow of the aristo- 
 cratical power in Rome, exercised his armies in subduing the 
 Gauls. Having desolated a country, the Romans set about 
 civilizing it. They established on the ruins of ancient Gaulish 
 freedom a Roman government and a bastard Roman civiliza¬ 
 tion. 
 
 They gave the Gauls baths, circuses, and forums ; but they 
 took away from them their arms and the management of their 
 own affairs. Their best citizens were withdrawn from them, 
 to seek their fortunes at the capital of the world. Dearly did 
 they pay for their civilization. Large landed estates, which 
 had ruined Italy, now ruined Gaul.^ Weighed down with 
 taxes, and the overpowering shadow of the empire, the Gauls 
 of France in their wretchedness actually welcomed the irrup¬ 
 tion of the barbarians.- 
 
 The Britons, in the course of 400 years of Roman govern¬ 
 ment, wese reduced to similar weakness. The descendants 
 of those warriors that startled Julius Cjesar with their enthu¬ 
 siastic bravery and contempt of death, were unable to strike 
 in their own defence, when the Roman armies withdrew to the 
 Continent to support the crumbling empire. When the Irish 
 of Caledonia invaded them, the Britons could do nothint; but 
 “groan,” and finally called in the Saxons to defend them. It 
 was the same with Spain—this country, that so long main¬ 
 tained itself against the Romans, was overrun by the Vandals, 
 and partitioned in two years. It was the same wherever the 
 
 ' “ Latifundia perdidere Italiam ; jam vero et provincias.” C. Plin. Se- 
 cundi, Nat. Hist. lib. xviii. 7. 
 
 * For an account of the Gauls, see Michelet, “ Histoire de France,” b. i., 
 cc. 1-3 ; Amadee Thierry, “ Histoire des Gaules,” 2 yols. 8vo. Paris ; 
 1857. 
 
4 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Roman power prevailed. Italy, and Rome itself, Gaul, Spain, 
 Britain, were overrun by hordes of barb 4 rians. 
 
 Huns, Alans, Vandals, Burgundians, Goths, Ostrogoths, 
 Visigoths, Lombards, Saxons, Franks, poured over Western 
 Europe, like wave succeeding wave. Whole countries were 
 depopulated ; their names were changed, their laws and 
 lano-uao-es lost; the survivors became the farm slaves of the 
 conquerors, to be taxed, worked, and flogged at the will of 
 their masters. These conquerors began to fight amongst them¬ 
 selves ; the strong ones knew no law but their own Avill, 
 limited only by their power. They built themselves castles 
 on the heights, clad themselves in iron, and compelled each 
 man to be either of their band or to be their victim. The 
 earlier invaders resigned to some later tyrant of the neighbour¬ 
 hood the allotments they had carved out for themselves with 
 their own swords and held independent of any superior. They 
 took them back from him as his tenants on the condition 
 of serving him as his followers either in robbing, or in defend- 
 ing him from being robbed, he on his part yielding •them pro¬ 
 tection.' So dreadful a descent to a man of a free spirit, that 
 the Comte d’Avesnes, when he found himself called vassal of 
 the Count of Hainault, the blood rushed out of his eyes and 
 ears—he had burst his big heart, and he fell dead.^ This was 
 the feudal system, the foundation of the law of real property 
 in Europe, modified in the course of centuries, by the growth 
 of towns, by the spread of intelligence, by the Crusades ; 
 happily extinguished utterly in France by the Revolution of 
 1789, and wherever the French army carried the Code Napo¬ 
 leon with its abolition of settlements or gwasLentails, by deed 
 or will, and its freer diffusion of property in land, accom- 
 
 1 Robertson, “History oftbe Emperor Charles V.preliminary chapter and 
 appendix, ib. 
 
 ^ Michelet, “ La Sorciere,” p. 46, n. izmo. Paris: 1867. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 C 
 
 panied by general self-respect, and increase of national well¬ 
 being. 
 
 Britain from her remoteness, and by being an island, was 
 not subject to so many invasions as the Continent of Europe. 
 She fell, however (A. D. 450) to one of the fiercest of the bar¬ 
 barian nations, the Saxons. They were possessed in the highest 
 decree of the Land huncer that made the invasions of these 
 northern hordes so terrible beyond all former conquests. 
 They seized the houses and farms of the Romanized Britons, 
 exterminated them and their language, and the very names of 
 their towns and districts, and drove the survivors behind the 
 River Severn ; and there they shut them up among the moun¬ 
 tains of Cambria, surrounded by the Severn and the sea, and 
 further secured on the land side by the dyke called OfFa’s 
 Dyke, just as their descendants, one thousand years later, 
 penned up the Irish in Connaught behind the Shannon. 
 
 Six hundred years after the settlement of the Saxons in 
 Britain, another race of pirates, who had issued in their boats 
 from the fiords and bays of Norway and the Baltic, sailed 
 up the Seine. They made themselves masters of Neustria, 
 took wives of the native race, and became the French of Nor¬ 
 mandy. Thence William the Conqueror led his French and 
 Flemish followers into England. These French of Nor¬ 
 mandy reduced this great English nation to such slavery, 
 that they seized the entire lands and government of Eng¬ 
 land, made the inhabitants their serfs, taxable and floggable 
 at their will, until it became adiscrace to be called an English- 
 man.* 
 
 The English peasantry, deprived of the protection of their 
 native gentry and national Government, took the only means 
 they had to make themselves respected : they cut the throats 
 
 1 “ TJt Anglum vocari foret opprobiio.” Matthew of Paris, b. i., c. 12. 
 
6 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 of the worst of their foreign landlords whenever they caught 
 them unawares in byways and thickets.' As no one would 
 turn informer (for national hatred is the firmest bond of asso¬ 
 ciation and secrecy), the vill or townland was then fined where 
 a Frenchman was found murdered. To escape this fine, the 
 English peasantry used to cut off the poor gentleman’s nose, 
 slit his cheeks, and so disfigure the corpse, that no one could 
 know whether it was French or English. This practice is 
 alluded to in the ballad of “ Robin Hood and Sir Guy of Gis¬ 
 borne,” where, after Robin has slain Sir Guy, the ballad pro¬ 
 ceeds,— 
 
 “ Then Eohin pulled out an Irish knife. 
 
 And knicked Sir Guy in the face, 
 
 That he was never of woman born 
 Could know whose head it was.” 
 
 It was then enacted that the corpse should be deemed 
 French, unless a jury found it was only an Englishman. This 
 was called the presentment of “ Englischerie.” The French 
 who ruled England charged the English peasantry with trea¬ 
 chery and murder as characteristic of their race. They said 
 that abroad over the wide extent of Germany, inhabited by so 
 many races, whenever any very atrocious deed was committed. 
 
 ' “ Black Book of the Exchequer,” by Eichard Fitz Nigel (or Lenoir), after¬ 
 wards Bishop of Ely, written in 24th of Henry II., A. D. 1172, in the introduc¬ 
 tion to Madox’s “ History and Antiquities of the Exchequer,” vol. i., p. 390. 
 2 vols. qto. London : 1769. It has been truly said— 
 
 “ Qui de ses sujets est hai, 
 
 N’est pas seigneur de son pays.” 
 
 “ The lord whose tenants cannot well endure him. 
 
 Finds no place in his country to secure him.” 
 
 See Eandle Cotgrave’s French and English Dictionary, A. D. 1610, at the 
 word “ Seigneur.” Howell’s edit. Folio. London : 1673. 
 
OF IRELAND. 7 
 
 it was common to hear people say, “ Perfidious Saxon !”* 
 But the English peasantry had no natural taste for murder. 
 They sheltered and protected the man that avenged his own 
 wrongs Avith spirit, as in some degree the champion of their 
 cause and race ; feeling, perhaps, that if it was not for shooting 
 a gentleman now and then, there would be no living in the 
 country for a poor man. This law (and probably these insults 
 and murders) lasted till the reign of Edward III. Then, when 
 the services of the English bowmen were wanted to bring 
 back the revolted Erench provinces under the hated rule of 
 England,® they ceased from these national insults, and no 
 
 1 “ Who dare compare the English, the most degraded of all races under 
 heaven [says Giraldus Camhrensis], with the Welsh ? In their own country 
 they are the serfs, the veriest slaves of the Normans. In ours who else have 
 we for our herdsmen, shepherds, cobblers, skinners, cleaners of our dog kennels, 
 ay, even of our privies, but Englishmen ? Not to mention their original trea¬ 
 chery to the Bi'itons, in turning upon them in spite of their oath and engage¬ 
 ments, after being hired to defend them, they are to this day so given to trea¬ 
 chery and murder, that Avhenever,” &c. The concluding words in the Latin of 
 Giraldus are—“ Undo et in Teutonico regno quotiens enormiter quis delinquere 
 videtur, de natione quacunque, quasi proverbialiter in suo vulgari dici solet 
 Untrewe Sax, hoc est, infldelis Saxo.” Giraldi Cambrensis Opera, edited by 
 J. S. Brewer, M. A., vol. hi., p. 27. 8vo. Longman & Co.: 1863. 
 
 * “ The English,” says Carte (alluding to the brutal insolence displayed in 
 the debates in the Parliament of England upon the Live Irish Cattle Importa¬ 
 tion Prohibition Bill, in 1666, which he says was urged out of wantonness, and a 
 resolution taken to domineer over that distressed kingdom), “ never understood 
 governing their provinces, and have put them under a necessity of casting off 
 their government whenever an opportunity offered.” “ Life of James, Duke 
 of Ormond,” vol. ii., p. 317. And he had seen the treaties made by the pro¬ 
 vinces of Guienne, Poictou, Anjou, &c., with the Kings of France, when by the 
 intolerable pride of the English they had been forced to throw off their yoke. 
 In these they e.xpressly stipulated, “ that in any distress of the affairs of France 
 they should never be delivered back into the power of the English.” Id., ib. 
 And the people thus injured and insulted in Ireland, in 1666, by the Parliament 
 of England, were their own blood and nation, the Adventurers and Soldiers not 
 ten years settled in the country. 
 
8 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 doubt found the English peasantry possessed of bravery, truth, 
 and all the virtues under the sun. 
 
 These French conquerors rvere settled one hundred years 
 in England before they invaded Ireland. A body of them, 
 principally Flemings, had settled in the southern part of Wales 
 along the Bristol Channel, round by St. David’s Head, from 
 whence Ireland was in view. 
 
 A party of these men, byway of private adventure, sailed 
 over to the aid of the King of Leinster, then at war with the 
 neighbouring Irish kings. The contingent they brought was 
 small in number compared to the Irish army which they joined; 
 but better arms, and discipline acquired in foreign war and in 
 maintaining the rule of conquerors over the English they had 
 enslaved, gaA^e the victory to the side they espoused. Their 
 leader married the King’s daughter, and received as her dowry 
 the kingdom of Leinster ; his followers obtained estates in 
 the same district ; and, an opening being thus made, the 
 French prince then ruling in England followed, with an 
 army of French and Flemings, and established his rule in 
 Ireland. 
 
 The country to which the invaders had now arrived struck 
 them as another world.' The rest of western Europe had 
 been for more than a thousand years enslaved, first to the Ro¬ 
 mans, then to the northern hordes ; so that the Feudal system, 
 which is founded on the conquest and colonization of the 
 country by an army of foreigners, had come to be considered 
 as the natural state. 
 
 Ireland, however, lying on the verge of the western world 
 in the Atlantic, separated from Britain by the unquiet Irish 
 
 ' “ Thus separated from the rest of the kno-wn world, and in some sort to 
 he distinguished as another world.” — Giraldus, “ Topographia Hihernise,” 
 b. i., chap. 2. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 9 
 
 Sea, scarcely calm for three days in summer,' had escaped 
 Eoman and feudal thraldom. 
 
 Tacitus had often heard Agricola, his father-in-law, com¬ 
 mander of the Roman forces in Britain, say that the country 
 could be conquered and held by one legion, and that the con¬ 
 quest of it much concerned the interests of the Romans in 
 Britain ; for the neighbourhood of a free country rendered 
 the Britons more difficult to govern. It would be well, there¬ 
 fore, that freedom should be as it were taken out of sight, and 
 the Roman armies be seen everywhere. 
 
 To this end he kept a Mac Murrogh“ in his camp, and 
 moved a legion to the coast of Wales, watching for some op¬ 
 portunity ; but the exigencies of the empire called the Roman 
 forces home without having invaded Ireland.^ So that when 
 the companions of Strongbow landed, in the reign of King 
 Henry II., they found a country such as Caesar found in Gaul 
 1200 years before; the inhabitants divided into tribes on the 
 system of clansmen and chiefs, without a common govern¬ 
 ment, suddenly confederating, suddenly dissolving, with 
 Brehons, Shannahs, Minstrels, Bards, and Harpers, in all 
 unchanged, except that for their ancient Druids they had got 
 Christian priests. Had the Irish only I'emained honest Pagans, 
 holding, no matter who might tell them to the contrary, that 
 true religion was to hate one’s enemies, and to fight for one’s 
 country,■* Ireland jaerhaps had been unconquered still. Round 
 
 ' Giraldus, “ Topograpbia Hibernioe,” b. ii., cbap. i. 
 
 2 “ Agricola, expulsum seditione domestica, unum ex regulis gentis exce- 
 perat, ac specie amicitioe in. oocasionem retinebat.”—Tacitus, “ Life of Agricola.” 
 
 ^ “ Life of Agricola.” 
 
 * When tbe Greek warrior was told by tbe priest that there appeared no 
 favourable omens or signs, wbicb in that day stood instead of tbe voice of tbe 
 Cbureh and tbe interpretation of Scripture, be answered— 
 
 “ Without a sign, his sword tbe brave man draws. 
 
 And asks no omen but his country’s cause.” 
 
lO 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the coast strangers had built seaport towns, either traders 
 from the Carthaginian settlements in Spain, or outcasts from 
 their own country, like the Greeks that built Marseilles^ At 
 the time of the arrival of the French and Flemish adventurers 
 from Wales, they were occupied by a mixed Danish and 
 French population, who supplied the Irish with groceries, in¬ 
 cluding the wines of Poitou,—the latter in such abundance, 
 that they had no need of vineyards.^ 
 
 Unlike England, then covered with castles on the heights, 
 where the French gentlemen secured themselves and their 
 families against the hatred of the churls and villeins, as the 
 English peasantry were called, the dwellings of the Irish 
 chiefs were of wattle or clay. It is for robbers and foreigners 
 to take to rocks and precipices for security; for native rulers 
 there is no such fortress as justice and humanity. 
 
 The Irish, like the wealthiest and highest of the present 
 day, loved detached houses, surrounded by fields and woods. 
 Towns and their walls they looked upon as tombs or sepul¬ 
 chres, where man’s native vigour decays, as the fiercest ani¬ 
 mals lose their courage by being caged.^ They wore woollen 
 garments much in the present fashion, and disdained to case 
 themselves in iron, thinking it honourable to fight naked, as 
 it was called, with the mailed French of Normandy and their 
 Flemish and English followers, just as the Gauls fought naked 
 with the well-armed soldiers of Rome.^ . 
 
 1 Giraldus Cambrensis says the towns were built by the Ostmen, “Topo¬ 
 graphy of Ireland,” Distinction iii., chap. 43. But, as Tacitus says the ports of 
 Ireland were better known to merchants than those of England, the account 
 here given is the more probable one. 
 
 2 Giraldus Cambrensis, Distinction i.,chap. 5. 
 
 ® This was the feeling of the ancient Germans.—Gibbon, chap. xix. 
 
 ^ Sentleger, Lord Deputy, giving Henry VIII. a description of such troops 
 as he might command out of Ireland to France, after describing the galloglasses, 
 says:—“ The other sort, called keme, are naked men but only their shirts and 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 I I 
 
 They were fond of music, poetry, and genealogy, and the 
 professors of these arts in each tribe or clan had land heredi¬ 
 tarily allotted to them. In the spirited character of the Irish 
 the new settlers found themselves in the presence of a people 
 of original sentiments and institutions, the native vigour of 
 whose mind had not been weakened by another mind. Nothing 
 surprised the invaders more than the natural boldness and 
 readiness of the Irish in speaking and answering even in the 
 presence of their chieftains and princes, accustomed as the 
 invaders were to the servile habits of the English, produced, 
 as Giraldus says, either by long slavery, or (more probably, 
 he adds) by the innate dulness of men of Saxon and German 
 stock.* 
 
 They were equally astonished at the freedom and fami¬ 
 liarity of the Irish gentry with their poorer followers, so dif¬ 
 ferent from the haughty reserve of an aristocracy of foreign 
 descent towards the lower classes of a subject nation reduced 
 by conquest to the state of villeins and serfs. Free by na¬ 
 ture, the Irish were followers of nature and freedom in all 
 things. 
 
 Unlike most other nations of the world, the Irish did not 
 bind up their infants in swaddling clothes.* It required the 
 
 small coats, and many times when they came to the hicker [fight] but hare naked 
 saving their shirts to hide their privities,” p. 444. State Papers (Ireland), H. 
 VIII., vol. ii.. Paper 385. In the battle with Lucius ..Slmilius, the young chiefs 
 of the Gesat® stripped themselves naked, except only their collars and armlets 
 of gold.^ — Polybius, b. ii., chap. 2. 
 
 1 Giraldus Camhrensis, “Description of Wales,” b. i., c. 15 ; but the same 
 remark was applicable to the Irish even in a greater degree. 
 
 2 Such was the custom of the Jews —“ And when I was bom, I drew in 
 the common air, and fell upon the earth . . . and the first voice which I uttered 
 was crying . . . I was nursed in swaddling clothes.” . . . Wisdom of Solomon, 
 chap. 7. And of the Romans :—“ Hominem tantum nudum, et in nuda humo 
 natali die [natura] abjicit ad vagitus statim et ploratum. Ab hoc lucis rudi- 
 mento, . . . vincula excipiunt et omnium memhrorum nexus : itaque feliciter 
 
THE CROJnVELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 I 2 
 
 lapse of ages, and the burning eloquence of Kousseau, to in¬ 
 duce the world to follow the practice of the Irish, who never 
 went wrong in this respect; so true is the saying that he 
 who follows nature never goes out of the way. We learn 
 from Giraldus, that the Irish midwives did not raise the new¬ 
 born babe’s nose, nor shape its face, nor stretch and swathe 
 its little legs. Nature, he says, was in that country allowed to 
 adjust the limbs she had given birth to ; and, as if to prove 
 that what she was able to form she does not cease to watch 
 over, it was found that she gave growth and proportion to 
 the Irish until they arrived at perfect vigour, tall and hand¬ 
 some.' And, being never swathed in infancy, their limbs 
 had a freer turn, and their countenances a more liberal air. 
 
 The harp that had long been silent in Gaul, and was heard 
 in Britain only in the mountains of Wales, was universally 
 played in Ireland ; and the gaiety of the airs, and the skill of 
 the artists, astonished and delighted those accustomed to the 
 slower airs of the Welsh.^ 
 
 They amused themselves with hurling, the men of one dis¬ 
 trict playing against those of another—the prize probably, as 
 in later times, being often some fair girl, arranged to be the 
 bride of the favourite youth of the winning side.^ 
 
 natus, jacet, manibus pedibusqiie devinctis, flens animal c®teris imperaturum, et 
 a suppliciis vitam auspicatur, unam tantum ob culpani quia natum est.”—C. 
 Plinius, lib. vii., cbap. i. “ Man is the only animal that nature flings down on 
 the bare ground naked on the day of bis birth, to begin life with cries and tears. 
 On his entrance into light every limb is chained and bound ; and there lies this 
 little weeping animal that is to command all others, born under these happy 
 auspices, and begins its life in chains and punishment, guilty only of being born.” 
 An infant swaddled as of old, can be likened to nothing but a mummy case or 
 a chrysalis. 
 
 > “ Topography of Ireland,” Distinction iii., chap. lo. 
 
 * Ibid., chap. 11. 
 
 ® “ There is a very ancient custom here [county of Tipperary] for a num¬ 
 ber of country neighbours among the poor people to fix upon some young wo- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 The great body of the people were of pastoral habits. The 
 different families used the tribal lands in common, following 
 their herds from the winter feeding grounds to the summer 
 pastures in the mountains, shifting their quarters as the need, 
 of fresh pasturage for their cows required, and building for 
 themselves light booths of boughs of trees, covered with long 
 strips of green turf. 
 
 The tillage ground of each tribe, near which they seem to 
 have had dwellings a little more durable than their moveable 
 summer huts in the mountains, was annually divided among 
 the families by the Caunfinny, according to their stock and 
 requirements. 
 
 But, though the great body of the people had no separate 
 properties, the chief families had portions appropriated to them 
 in perpetuity. There were also lands appointed as well for the 
 elected chief, as others for the Tanist who was to succeed him ; 
 other portions were also enjoyed hereditarily by the Brehons, 
 and bards, and physicians of the tribe. The chief also was 
 entitled to tributes of victuals, and certain of his dependents 
 
 man that ought, as they think, to ho married. They also agree upon a young 
 fellow as a proper husband for her. This determined, they send to the fair one’s 
 cabin, to inform her that on the Sunday following she is to be horsed, that is, 
 carried in triumph on men’s backs. She must then provide whiskey and cider 
 for a treat, as all will pay her a visit after mass for a hurling match. As soon as 
 she is horsed, the hurling begins, on which the young fellow appointed for her 
 husband has the eyes of all the company fixed on him : if he comes otf con¬ 
 queror, he is certainly married to the girl; but if another is Victor, he as cer- 
 taiuly loses her, for she is the prize of the victor.”—Vol. ii., p. 250, “A Tour 
 in Ireland in the years 1776, 1777, 1778,” by Arthur Young. 8vo. Dublin: 
 1780. See also his account of Irish dancing, ibid. ; but, with the advance of 
 English power and English religion, 
 
 “ These healthful sports that graced the happy scene. 
 
 Lived in each look, and brightened all the green. 
 
 These, far departing, seek a kinder shore. 
 
 And rural mirth and manners are no more.” 
 
14 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 were bound to entertain him and his company for stated times 
 in the year. 
 
 But the Irish knew no such thing as tenure, nor forfeiture, 
 nor fixed rent; at this they repined, though willing to offer 
 such tribute of victuals as was required, and to let their chief¬ 
 tains eat them almost out of house and home: hence the 
 saying, “Spend me, but Defend me.”‘ 
 
 The treaty between Henry II. and Roderick, King of Con¬ 
 naught, entered into at Windsor, three years after the king’s 
 return from his “ Veni, vidi, vici,” visit to Ireland, as Sir John 
 Davis styles it, justifies his ridicule of the nature of the con¬ 
 quest attributed to him. 
 
 By that instrument, signed on O’Connor’s behalf, as King 
 of Connaught, and Chief King of Ireland, by two of the Pope’s 
 new archbishops of Ireland, O’Connor is made to become the 
 King’s liegeman, and to be King of Connaught, and Chief 
 King of Ireland, under Henry II. He undertakes that the 
 Irish shall yield the King of England annually one merchant¬ 
 able hide for every ten cows in Ireland, which O’Connor is to 
 collect for him through every part of Ireland, except that 
 which is in the possession of King Henry II. and his barons, 
 being Dublin, Meath, and Leinster, with Waterford as far as 
 Dungarvan. The rest of the kings and people of Ireland are 
 to enjoy all their lands and liberties as long as they shall con¬ 
 tinue faithful to the King of England, and pay this tribute 
 through the hands of the King of Connaught.® 
 
 Two systems were thus established side by side in Ireland, 
 
 ' Spenser says, “ Coigny is in common use amongst landlords of the Irish to 
 have a common spending upon their tenants .... neither in this was the 
 tenant wronged, for it was an ordinary and known custom .... for they were 
 never wont (and yet are loth) to yield any certain rent hut only such spendings ; 
 for their common saying is, ‘ Spend me, hiit Defend me.’ ” “ A View of the 
 
 State of Ireland,” hy Edmund Spenser, Esq., in the year 1596. 
 
 * Rymer’a “ Foedera,” vol. i., p. 31. Folio. London: 1816. 
 
OF IRELAND. I 5 
 
 the Feudal and the Brehon systems ; for the Irish, as Sir John 
 Davis remarks, merely became tributaries to the King of Eng¬ 
 land, preserving their ancient Brehon law, and electing their 
 chiefs and tanists, making war and peace with one another 
 and ruling all things between themselves by tliis law, until the 
 reign of Queen Elizabeth J and this, as Spenser remarks, not 
 merely in districts entirely inhabited by Irish, but in the English 
 parts. He speaks as an eye-witness, having seen their meet¬ 
 ings on their ancient accustomed hills, where they debated 
 and settled matters between family and family, township and 
 township, assembling in large numbers, and going, according 
 to their custom, all armed. 
 
 There, surrounded by the Irish lords and gentlemen and 
 commonalty, seated on the accustomed stone, or under some 
 ancient tree, the Brehon gave his judgment according to the 
 Brehon code, formed partly of Irish customs, and partly of 
 maxims culled from the Roman Digest.^ 
 
 Campion, an English Jesuit, from Oxford, who travelled 
 in Ireland in Queen Elizabeth’s day, saw their schools of Bre¬ 
 hon law ; the rising Brehons, stretched at full length, conning 
 their tasks, and learning by rote fragments of Roman and Irish 
 law, at which they continued for many years.'’ Spenser admits 
 
 ' “ A Discoverie of the State of Ireland, and the true Cause why that King¬ 
 dom was never entirely subdued until the Beginning of His Majesties [James I.] 
 most happie Eeign,” p. 603. London: 1613. 
 
 ^ “ View of Ireland,” pp. 421, 500. 
 
 ^ Sir James Ware, “ Antiquities of Ireland,” chap. viii. 
 
 < “ They speak Latin like a vulgar language, learned in their common schools 
 of leachcraft and law, whereat they begin children and hold on sixteen or 
 twenty years, conning by rote the aphorisms of Hippocrates and the Civil Insti¬ 
 tutes, and a few other parings of these two faculties. I have seen them where 
 they kept school, ten in some one chamber, groveUing upon couches of straw 
 their books at their noses, themselves lying prostrate, and so to chaunt out then- 
 lessons by piecemeal, being the most part lusty fellows of twenty-fire years and 
 upwards.”—p. 18, Edmund Campion’s “ Account of Ireland,” written in May, 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETl'LEMENT 
 
 i6 
 
 that their decisions had great show of equity. Stanihurst, a 
 contemporary of Spenser’s, had witnessed the breaking up of 
 their meetings, and seen the crowd in long lines coming down 
 the hills in the wake of each chieftain, he the proudest 
 that could bi’ing the largest company home to his evening 
 supper.' 
 
 It was from a priest who had once been a Brehon that 
 Sir John Davis, in i6io, received the treatise on “ Corbes 
 and Herenachs and few who have read his account of the 
 first assizes held for the county Fermanagh, in the ruins of 
 the abbey, in the island of Lough Erne, will forget the aged 
 Brehon of the Maguires drawing from his bosom with trem¬ 
 bling hand the ancient roll, and refusing to part with it until 
 the Lord Deputy, Sir Arthur Chichester, had given him his 
 hand and faith that it should be restored to him.® It was only 
 at this period of the reign of King James 1 . that the practice 
 of the Brehon law was forbidden in Ireland J for the Statutes 
 of Kilkenny, passed in the 40th of Edward III., only prohi¬ 
 bited the use of it in ruling differences between the EnMish. 
 The Irish had no other, as they were denied the use of the 
 English law. But after the subduing of Tyrone’s rebellion, 
 the English judges, who had hitherto gone their circuits round 
 the Pale, were sent all round Ireland to administer English 
 law ; and the practice of the Irish code was superseded, and 
 declared to be no law, but a lewd custom. 
 
 At the date of the Treaty of Windsor the invaders had 
 planted themselves only on the east coast of Ireland; and King 
 
 1 Eicardus Stauikurst, “De Rebus in Hibernia Gestis,” p. 37. 4to. Ant¬ 
 werp : 1584. 
 
 2 “ Letter to Robert Earl of Salisbury, touching the State of Monaghan, 
 Fermanagh, and Cavan ; wherein is a Discourse concerning the Corbes and 
 Herenachs of Ireland,” 1607, p. 246. 8vo. Dublin; 1787. 
 
 p. 253 . 
 
 ‘ In Hilary Term, 3rd James I. (A. D. 1605). See Sir J. Davis, Reports, 
 
 p. 4°- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 17 
 
 Henry II. by that treaty purported to guarantee their lands 
 to the rest of the Irish. Yet he did not hesitate, unknown 
 probably to the Irish, to cantonize or divide Ireland among 
 ten of his followers, who received by these grants petty 
 kingdoms, to be divided among their comrades and followers, 
 in the expectation that they should bring over fresh Adven¬ 
 turers from England, and that as they grew more numerous, 
 they should gradually supplant the Irish, and strip them of 
 their lands.' 
 
 These barons and their followers all held their lands on 
 feudal conditions, liable to homage and fealty, to aids and tal- 
 liages, to wardships and marriages, to fines for alienation, to 
 primer seisins, rents, reliefs, escheats, and forfeitui'es—contri¬ 
 vances of the stronger for exacting money from the weaker. 
 They stood instead of legacy and succession duties and stamp 
 duties of modern times. No man could come into his estate 
 without paying a year’s rent as a relief, or sell it or settle it 
 without a fine for alienation. 
 
 But beyond all other feudal burthens were wardships and 
 marriages. If a gentleman left his heir under age at his death, 
 he could appoint no guardian : the king or superior lord (for 
 each lord exacted from his tenants what the king exacted from 
 him) took possession of the heir and the estate, leaving the 
 widow to maintain the rest of the family out of her dower, 
 while the guardian spent the rents of the estate without liabi¬ 
 lity to account, often letting the castle go out of repair. As 
 incident to the wardship, he had the right to sell it, and this 
 gave the purchaser the disposal of the heir or heiress in mar¬ 
 riage to the highest bidder. Thus the Earl of Lincoln gave 
 King John 3000 marcs for the marriage of Kichard de Clare 
 
 ’ Sir John Davis’ “ Discoverie," &c., p. 652. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 i8 
 
 in order to marry him to his eldest daughter, Matildad GeofFry 
 de ]\Iandeville gave him 20,000 marcs, that he might marry 
 Isabella Countess of Gloucester, and possess her lands.^ Si- 
 bella de Singera offers the king 200 marcs to marry as she 
 likes.^ Heiresses remained in wardship to the king or their 
 landlord until they married, no matter what their age, and 
 when they became widows became wards again, and to marry 
 a second time must have their landlords’ consent.^ Thus 
 Alice Countess of Warwick gave the king £1000 for liberty 
 to remain a widow as long as she liked, and not to be forced 
 by the king to marry, and for the wardship of her sons.® One 
 of the great inducements to settle in towns was the privilege 
 conceded by almost every founder of a borough by his charter, 
 that the burghers or citizens might marry, themselves, their 
 sons, and daughters, and widows, without license from their 
 lords a license of late required on the estates of some land¬ 
 lords managed in the English or feudal mode in Ireland. 
 
 No man could hunt or hawk on his own estate; the game 
 was all reserved for the kinghe could not even take the 
 young hawks in his own oaks—this was one of the liberties 
 won and consecrated by Magna Charta. So strict a game pre¬ 
 server was King John, that the beasts and fowl of the forest 
 seemed to be aware that they were under his protection. In 
 England the country abounded with them ; they would not 
 fly from the traveller, but'would only move to a short distance 
 
 ’ Preface, p. xxx. “ Oblate and Fine Rolls in the Tower of London, in the 
 Time of King John,” Record Publication. 8vo. By T. D. Hardy; 1835. 
 
 2 Ib. 3 Ib. xxxii. ^ Ih. ® Ib. 
 
 ® See the charter of the city of Dublin and other charters, in “ Cartse Privi- 
 legia et Immunitates,” Irish Record Commission. Folio. 
 
 7 Walter de Riddlesford offers King John (A. D. 1200) twenty marcs to have 
 the King’s confirmation of his lands, and for license to hunt the hare and the 
 wolf. “ Oblate and Fine Rolls,” preface, p. ix., n. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 19 
 
 and continue to feed.' This slavery the Anglo-Saxons always 
 endured ; but the Irish never knew the Forest Law or Game 
 Law, nor could the English ever impose it on them. “ If they 
 had,” says Sir John Davis, “ it might have been a means 
 of conquest; for they might have turned the Irish out of the 
 wild places where they dwelt in freedom, and might have 
 given them up to the beasts of chase, less hurtful, and less 
 wild than they.”- 
 
 The feudal system proceeded on the principle that the 
 lands were all derived from the king, as the captain of a con¬ 
 quering army, and had been distributed by him amongst the 
 members of it on certain conditions (the main object of which 
 was the maintaining of the conquest), liable to be forfeited if 
 they were not observed. 
 
 The Irish, having never undergone a feudal conquest and 
 plantation like the rest of Europe, considered the territory as 
 the common property and patrimony of the clans or nations— 
 not held from any one, not liable to forfeiture, which indeed 
 was impossible, as it was owned and occupied by them juintly 
 or in common. 
 
 The chief families had contrived, contrary to the general 
 principle, to appropriate some portions to themselves, divisible 
 however at the death of the father among all the sons, legi- 
 timate and illegitimate alike. The inferior members of the 
 tribe yielded to the chiefs milk and honey, and even money 
 for the grazing of their cows, and were bound to maintain 
 their lords, with their wives, sons, and daughters, their horses, 
 servants, their dogs and dog boys, for a specified number of 
 meals or days in their houses when they went among their 
 
 1 Seo a curious account by one of the Flemish soldiers of King John’s ex¬ 
 
 peditionary army to Ireland, in the year 1210, “ Histoire des Dues de Norman¬ 
 die,” vol. i,, p. 109. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris: 1840. 
 
 2 Sir John Davis’ “ Discoverie,” &c., p. 664. 
 
20 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 dependents “coshering,” as it was called. But they knew no 
 such thing as rent or services in the feudal sense, as an ac¬ 
 knowledgment of holding their land from a landlord, liable to 
 forfeiture if not rendered. 
 
 The chief, like the baron, had his law court, but it assem¬ 
 bled under his Brehon on the hill.^ He had his retainers, and 
 each of them had their kerne, or foot soldiers, ready to appear 
 on summons, quartered on the poorer families of the tribe. 
 He had also his “ galloglasses,” or soldiers by profession, 
 mercenaries ; men they were that knew not how to till the 
 ground, to feed cattle, or to navigate ships, but whose sole 
 profession was to fight and conquer. They were men of pro¬ 
 digious size, ready beyond expression at their exercises, lofty 
 and full of menaces against the enemy ; and as they marched, 
 their pikes, heavy shod with iron, shook on their right shoul¬ 
 ders.'^ The Irish custom of fosterage was in the nature of 
 wardship ; but the object being to make the young chief the 
 beloved of his followers, he was brought up in the bosom of 
 the family of his foster parents, who paid largely for the honour 
 of thus bringing him up from his earliest years in the midst of 
 them.^ Nursed ujd in a sense of his own importance, he be¬ 
 came the proud and spirited head of the clan, their pride and 
 
 ’ “ Other lawyers they have liable to certain families, which after the cus¬ 
 tom of the country determine and judge causes. . . the Breighoon (as they 
 
 call this kind of lawyer) sitteth him down on a bank, the lords and gentlemen 
 at variance around about him, and then they proceed,” p. 19, Edward Cam¬ 
 pion (1571)- 
 
 ^ State Papers of Henry VIII. (Ireland), vol. ii., p. 444; and Spenser’s 
 “ View of Ireland” (A. D. 1596). 
 
 s “ They love tenderly their foster children, and bequeath to them a child’s 
 portion, whereby they nourish sure friendship, so beneficial in every way that 
 commonly 500 kine and better are given to winne a nobleman’s child to foster.” 
 Ib., pp. 13-14. “Gifts of the Irishry to foster with the Earl ofKildare,” pp. 70, 
 71, “ Earls of Kildare,” vol. ii., by the Marquis of Kildare. Dublin : i860. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 21 
 
 joy, and bound to his foster family and they to him by ties of 
 affection stronger than those of blood. 
 
 Thoush their lands were thus left with the Irish, it was the 
 design of the English Government that they should gradually 
 come into the possession of the English, until all should be 
 held in feudal tenure, and the feudal system be spread through¬ 
 out the kingdom. With this intent, therefore, the Irish were 
 reputed aliens and enemies, and were denied the right of 
 bringing actions in any of the English Courts in Ireland for 
 trespasses to their lands, or for assaults and batteries to their 
 persons. Accordingly, it was answer enough to the action in 
 such a case to say that the plaintiff was an Irishman d unless 
 he could produce a special charter giving him the rights of an 
 Englishman. If he sought damages against an Englishman for 
 turning him out of his land, for the rape^ or seduction of his 
 daughter Nora, or for the beating of his wife Devorgil, it was 
 a good defence to say he was a mere Irishman. And if an 
 Englishman was indicted for manslaughter, and the man slain 
 was an Irishman, he pleaded that the deceased was of the 
 Irish nation, and that it was no felony to kill an Irishman. 
 For this, however, there was a fine of five marcs, payable to 
 the king or to the lord of the manor ; but mostly they killed us 
 for nothing. If the man killed was a servant of an English- 
 
 • Thus in 29th Edward I., before the Justices in Eyre, at Drogheda, Thomas 
 le Boteler brought an action against Eobert do Almain for certain goods. The 
 defendant pleaded that he was not bound to answer him, because he was an 
 Irishman, and not of free blood. A jury was summoned, and found that the 
 plaintifl was an Englishman, and thereupon he had judgment to recover his 
 goods. Sir J. Davis’ “ Discoverie,” p. 639. 
 
 2 A. D. 1278, Eobert de la Eoche and Adam Walsh, indicted for a rape of 
 Margaret O’Eorkc, pleaded “Not guilty, for that the said Margaret is an Irish¬ 
 woman,” which being so found by the jury, the said Eobert and Adam are ac¬ 
 quitted, p. 36, Calendar of the Patent and Close Eolls of Chancery in Ireland. 
 By James Morrin, Clerk of the Enrolments. 8vo. Dublin: 1862. 
 
22 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 man, he added to tlie plea, that if the master should ever 
 demand damages, he would be ready to satisfy him.' Not 
 unlike those hot bloods of Charles II.’s day who ran the waiter 
 tlirough at a tavern with their rapiers, and threw the body out 
 at the window, and then rang the bell for the landlord, and 
 bade him put him in the bill. 
 
 But it was not the Irish that complained. It was only 
 when the English claimed to kill Banes, or Ostmen as they 
 were called, at the same cheap rate, that protests were 
 made. Thus, Philip Mac Guthmund, by petition to King 
 Edward I. in Parliament, declared that for the sake of five 
 marcs payable for every Irishman killed, the grasping 
 lords of Ireland, the king’s rivals, would make the peti¬ 
 tioner and over 400 of his race Irish. And he prays that 
 of Englishman and Ostman he be not made Irishman, add¬ 
 ing that it was better for the king to have 400 Englishmen 
 than that they be made Irish by false suggestions.^ And 
 Maurice Mac Otere, for himself and 300 of his race, claimed 
 similar protection, his ancestors having purchased the rights 
 of Englishmen for £3000, and for proof referred to the rolls 
 of Chancery.^ 
 
 The Irish, too, were forbid to purchase land. Though the 
 
 ■ “ Lastly, the mere Irish were not only accounted aliens, hut enemies, and 
 altogether out of the protection of the law, so as it was no capital offence to kill 
 them.” And then Sir J. Davis gives a record of a gaol delivery at Waterford, 
 where “ Kohert Walsh, indicted of the manslaughter of John, son of Ivor Mac 
 Gilmore, admits the slaying; hut says it was no felony, because Mac Gilmore 
 was a mere Irishman, and not of free blood : But when the master of the said 
 John shall ask damages for the slaying, he will he ready to answer him as the 
 law may require.” “ Discoverie,” p. 641. 
 
 2 Petitions in Parliament, 18 Edward 1 . [A. D. 1290]. “ Selections from the 
 Exchequer Eecords, illustrative of the 13th and 14th Centuries,” p. 69. By 
 Henry Cole. Record Publicatioms. Folio. London: 1844. 
 
 ^ Id., ibid. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 23 
 
 English might take from the Irish, the Irish could not even 
 by way of gift or purchase take any from the English. In 
 every charter of English liberty, as it was called, granted to an 
 Irishman, besides the right to bring actions in the king’s courts, 
 there was given an express power to him to purchase lands 
 to him and his heirs ;* without this he could not hold any so 
 acquired. The Exchequer officers constantly held inquisitions 
 for the purpose of obtaining a return that certain lands had 
 been aliened to an Irishman, in order thereupon to seize them 
 into the hands of the Crown as forfeited. Thus, by inquisition 
 taken at Dunboyne, in the first year of King Henry VI., the 
 lands of Moymet and Clonfine, in the county of Meath, were 
 found forfeited ; and were seized by the kings’s escheator, as 
 having been aliened by Esmond Butler, son and heir of 
 James Lord and Baron of Dunboyne, deceased, to Connor 
 O’iMulroony and John Machan, chaplains, and their heirs, they 
 being Irish and of Irish nation.® In i6th of Edward IV., 
 lands near Swords, in the county of Dublin, were seized on a 
 like inquisition, finding them to have been conveyed by Ca¬ 
 therine Dowdal to John Belane, chaplain, an Irishman of Irish 
 nation, that is to say, of the O’Belanes, Irishmen, and enemies 
 to our lord the king; although O’Belane was evidently only 
 a trustee to answer the uses of Mrs. Dowdal’s will.® The 
 Parliament Rolls are full of such cases. They prove that no 
 Irishman could take lands by conveyance from an English¬ 
 man; and this continued to be the law until the year 1612, 
 when Sir John Davis framed an Act abolishing the distinction 
 of nations.^ But the prohibition practically prevailed after 
 
 ' Sir J. Davis’ “ Discoverie,” p. 641. 
 
 ® Fifth Edward IV., c. 24. Transcript of Statute Rolls, made by the Record 
 Commissioners (1810), in the Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 ® Sixteenth Edward IV., c. 80. Id., ib. 
 
 ‘ “ Statutes of Ireland,” i ith, 12th, and 13th James I., c. v. 
 
24 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the passing of the Act; for, by Plantation rule, the English 
 ■were forbidden, under pain of forfeiture, to convey any of the 
 lands taken from the Irish in the extensive plantations of 
 English made in Munster, Ulstei’, and Leinster, to any Irish¬ 
 man, and the L’ish there could only aliene to English ; so that 
 the Irish must be always losing, and the English gaining, 
 by any change. The prohibition was again extended to the 
 whole nation by the CommoiiAvealth Government; and when 
 the lands forfeited for the war of J690 came to be sold by 
 auction at Chichester House in 1701, the Irish were declared 
 by the English Parliament incapable of purchasing, or to hold, 
 even as tenants, more than two acres. Shortly afterwards, 
 another Act disqualified them for ever from purchasing or ac¬ 
 quiring any lands in Ireland, and declared the purchase void.^ 
 But, notwithstanding these prohibitions, the Irish grew and 
 increased upon the English, instead of the English upon the 
 Irish; and the Irish customs overspread the feudal, until at 
 length the administration of the feudal law was confined to 
 little more than the counties lying within the line of the Liffey 
 and the Boyne. 
 
 It may be asked how the Irish contrived to preserve their 
 lands ? In the first place, then, it is to be remembered that 
 they kept their arms, and the whole tribe rose in war against 
 the English of that district whence their lands had been in¬ 
 vaded, or by whom an Irishman had been killed. They 
 ravaged it, and made prisoner of the highest Englishman they 
 
 ' But it was wLen the estate was made the property of the first Protestant 
 discoverer, that animation was put into this law (Robinson, Justice, in Lessee 
 l/'CferZ/iy against Hanley, King’s Bench, Hilary Term, 1771), Howard’s “Po¬ 
 pery Cases,’’ Dublin, 1775, p. 209. Discoverers then became like hounds upon 
 the scent after lands secretly purchased by the Irish. Gentlemen fearing to lose 
 theii’ lands found it now necessary to conform. “ Between 1703 and 1709 there 
 were only 36 conformers in Ireland. In the next ten years (i. e. after the Dis¬ 
 covery Act), the conformists were 150.” Ib., pp. 211-12. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 25 
 
 could take, and held him to ransom, and by this obtained a 
 “ health saute,” or satisfaction to the family of the deceased.* 
 
 Had the first English adventurers in Ireland been of one 
 mind with the king and nobility in England, the Irish might 
 possibly have been subdued, their lands taken from them, and 
 the nation reduced to serfdom, or exterminated. But the early 
 settlers learned to love the Irish, and to prefer the ease and 
 freedom of Irish life and manners to the burdensome feudal 
 system. The case of the leader of the first English adventurers 
 in Ireland may serve to explain the relations of the English 
 of Ireland with the Irish in early times. 
 
 Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, was married to an 
 Irishwoman ; he had a large body of Irish kinsmen; he had an 
 army eomposed largely of Irishmen, and he and they had been 
 comrades in war; his territory was nearly sixty miles square, 
 inhabited almost entirely by Irish. His English captains and 
 men-at-arms, amongst whom he divided his territory in fiefs, 
 were mueh in the same condition. They, many of them, took 
 Irish wives, and they had Irish kinsmen and Irish comrades, 
 and Irish girls were mistresses of tlieir hearts. As Strong- 
 bow left the Kavanaghs andM‘Murroughs, relations of his wife’s, 
 in possession of their lands, liable to serve him with their fol¬ 
 lowers in war, so did his captains other Irish ; no difference 
 of religion divided them; they early learned the language of 
 Ireland; they gave out their sons to be fostered with heir 
 Irish relations; the young English heir became the pride of 
 his foster father and his clan; hurled with his Irish cousins 
 
 1 The payment of “ Health Saute” hy the English to the Irish, made high 
 treason, ii & 12 Edward IV., c. 5 (Unpublished Statutes). 
 
 ^ “ It is ordained and established that the English do not henceforth use the 
 plays which men call hurlings with great sticks and a hall upon the ground, and 
 other plays called coitings ; hut that they do apply themselves to draw the bow 
 and throw lances, and other gentlemanlike games appertaining to arms, whereby 
 the Irish enemies may bo better checked,” &c. “ Statutes of Kilkenny,” 40th 
 
 Edward III. (A. D. 1367), s. 6. 
 
26 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 listened with delight to the harpers, bards, and minstrels,‘ and 
 became enamoured of Irish life, and probably of some fine 
 Irish girl alsof'^ The young Englishman, however, remained 
 of his father’s nation, an Englishman ; and held his estate on 
 English tenure, liable to the demands of the Exchequer for 
 aids, reliefs, and fines. How burdensome this tenure was, 
 may be judged from the complaints of the English of Ireland. 
 In 1347 they complained to the king, that bad as were the 
 “ King’s Irish enemies,” the extortions and oppressions done 
 by the king’s officers were worse.® But, bad as these burdens 
 were, the law of forfeiture must have been a more constant 
 source of disquiet. Under convictions of high treason the 
 king could enrich himself and his courtiers with confiscated 
 estates. The De Lacys, beggared by this law, and driven 
 from their principalities of Meath and Ulster, induced Edward 
 Bruce to invade Ireland. John Fitzthomas with an army ot 
 Irishmen recovered the kingdom for Edward II., but not 
 until the greater part of it had been in possession of the in¬ 
 vading force, supported by some of the English of Ireland, 
 for more than a year, during which time the sitting of the 
 courts and the administration of the feudal laws was suspended. 
 The English of Ireland beyond the immediate neighbourhood 
 of the metropolis took care, under various pretences, to op¬ 
 pose its being resumed; and thenceforth the regular adminis¬ 
 tration of the English law was confined to the limits of the 
 Pale. They represented the whole Irish nation as hostile to 
 
 ’ “Statutes of Kilkenny,” sect. 15. 
 
 ^ “ It is ordained that no alliance hy marriage, gossipred, fostering of chil¬ 
 dren, concubinage, or hy amour, he henceforth made between the English and 
 Irish .... and if any shall do to the contrary, he shall have judgment of life 
 and member as a traitor to our Lord the King.” Ih., s. 2. 
 
 ^ “ Petitions delivered to our Lord the King of France and England, hy 
 Friar John L’Archer, Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, in Ireland, and Master 
 Thomas Wogan, sent in message by the Prelates, Earls, Barons, and Commons 
 of the land in Ireland.” “ Bed Book of the E.vchequer of Ireland.” 
 
OF lEELAND. 
 
 27 
 
 the English, and thereby had an excuse for keeping up their 
 foi’ces. These forces of kerne and gallowglasses were main¬ 
 tained by coyne and livery, nearly equivalent to free quarters 
 on tlieir tenants ; and their English tenants, being unwilling 
 to endure this infliction, retired to England, and the lands 
 thus deserted were granted by these great lords to Irishd 
 
 “The Irish enemy” now became an excuse for feudal 
 duties neglected, and feudal payments withheld. The govern¬ 
 ment of Ireland became impossible to strangers from England. 
 The English lords of Ireland had always a means of moving 
 the Irish to rebellion by oppressing them, or to attacks on 
 their neighbours, or the king’s officers, by secretly egging 
 them on. 
 
 The judges, who from the days of the first Settlement had 
 regularly ridden their circuits in IMunster to administer the 
 feudal law, now ceased to hold assizes. The danger from the 
 Irish enemy was alleged to be the cause, though there was no 
 reason why the Irish should object to the administration of the 
 law, as it was only administered between tlie King’s English 
 subjects. The journey to the South lay through Kildare and 
 Carlow, under the Dublin and AVicklow mountains, to the 
 bridge of Leighlin, for many ages the only passage over the 
 Barrow. These hills were inhabited by the three nations of 
 the Tooles, the Byrnes, and the Kavanaghs, and the opposite 
 side of the river towards Leighlin Bridge by the O’AIoores, so 
 that there was a kind of gantelope to be run between these 
 tribes. It is alleged that the Tooles, the Byrnes, and Kava¬ 
 naghs, exiled the administration of the king’s law from Mun¬ 
 ster, by preventing the judges riding their circuits past Leigh¬ 
 lin Bridge.“ But, as the English of Munster had much greater 
 reason to fear the return of the king’s officers than the Irish, 
 
 I Preamble to 10 Henry VII., c. 4. Sir- J. “ Davis’ Discovcrie,” p. 675. 
 
 - State Papers, Henry VIII. (Ireland), vol. i., p. 411. Memorial, or “A 
 Note for the Wynning of Leynster,” A. D. 1536. 
 
28 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 there is good reason to suspect that they were egged on by 
 them. In Henry VII I.’s days, the Earl of Kildare was charged 
 with having always protected these three nations, the Tooles, 
 the Byrnes, and the Kavanaghs, whom he kept at his bidding, 
 it was said, ready to rise and “ make war behind” when any 
 of the king’s forces marched out of Dublin on any expedition 
 which he secretly wished to counteract.' Now “ the Irish 
 enemy” was no nation in the modern sense of the word, but 
 a race divided into many nations or tribes, separately defend¬ 
 ing their lands from the English barons in their immediate 
 neighbourhood. There had been no ancient national govern¬ 
 ment displaced, no national dynasty overthrown ; the Irish 
 had no national flag, nor any capital city as the metropolis 
 of their common country, nor any common administration of 
 law ; nor did they ever give a combined opposition to the 
 English. The English, coming in the name of the Pope, 
 with the aid of the Irish Bishops, and with a superior national 
 organization, which the Irish easily recognised, were accepted 
 by the Irish. Neither King Henry H. nor King John ever 
 fought a battle in Ireland. 
 
 In the early days of English rule in Ireland, the Irish 
 generally lived as tributaries to the king. During the reign 
 of Henry HI. and in the beginning of that of Edward 1 . the 
 kings and captains of nations received regular writs of sum¬ 
 mons, in precisely the same terms and by the same cursitor 
 or courier as the De Burgos, the Butlers, the Le Poers, to 
 attend the war in Wales or Scotland, or yield the king an aid 
 in money.* The chief or royal tribe in each of the five pro¬ 
 vinces became allies of the English at the first invasion, as is 
 plain from their receiving the rights of Englishmen to bring 
 
 1 State Papers, Henry VIII. (Ireland), vol. i., p. 411. Memorial, or “A 
 Note for the Wynning of Lynster,” A. D. 1536. 
 
 2 See some of these writs, “ Liber Munerum Puhhcorum,” vol. i., part iv., 
 
 pp. 6, 12. 2 vols. Folio. London: 1826. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 29 
 
 and defend actions. They were legally known as the Five 
 bloods, being the O’Neills of Ulster, the O’Connors of Con¬ 
 naught, the O’Melaghlins of Meath, the O’Briens of Munster, 
 and the M‘Murroughs of Leinster.‘ Different encroachments 
 of English adventurers caused partial insurrections. In Bruce’s 
 invasion the Northern Irish formed a more general confede¬ 
 racy, and, owing to their situation, established their indepen¬ 
 dence ; but the Irish tenants and kerne of the Fitzgeralds, the 
 Butlers, the De Burgos, the Roches, the Barrys, adhered to 
 their English chiefs in Leinster, Munster, and Connaught. 
 
 No soldiers came from England, and it was Irish troops 
 that recovered the dominion of Ireland for the English.^ But 
 from thenceforth all the Irish were called in law the king’s 
 Irish enemy. So that the very men who filled the troops 
 levied by the English Deputy for service against the Irish 
 were known as such. Thus O’llanlon and O’Mulloy, who 
 claimed to be hereditary standard bearers of Ulster, and bore 
 the Banner of Queen Elizabeth’s army as soon as it crossed 
 the Boyne on alternate days, on its march against Hugh 
 O’Neill,® were Irish enemy. It meant that they were excluded 
 from claiming any rights or privileges under English law ; 
 and was in fact a far less injurious disqualification than that 
 of Irish Papist in the last century. The English of Ireland 
 intermarried with them, fostered with them, and made alliances 
 with them, though the Statutes of Kilkenny made it high trea¬ 
 son so to do. But as the English law was now confined within 
 the limits of the English Pale, and no judges went circuit 
 beyond the Barrow, the prohibition was nugatory. If it is 
 only remembered that from the reign of King John no army 
 ever came out of England except the expeditionary army of 
 
 ' Sir John Davis’ “ Discoverie,” p. 639. 
 
 2 Ib., p. 674. 
 
 2 Sir Richard Cox, “ Hibernia Anglicana,” vol. i., p. 407. 
 
3 ° 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 llichard 11., and that the few forces subsequently sent over, 
 until the 29th of Queen Elizabeth, were to subdue rebellions 
 of the English,' it will be evident that the term Irish enemy 
 simply meant that the Irish had no legal rights, and that 
 sooner or later they should lose their lands to the English. 
 
 The English in all the provinces beyond the Pale saw with 
 joy the regular administration of the English law confined 
 within the line of the Liffey and the Boyne. Many of them 
 had acquired lands not held from the Crown, which they 
 feared would be seized.^ Others had large arrears of fines due 
 by them, for which their estates were liable to forfeiture. 
 These men boldly banished the king’s sheriffs, escheators, and 
 pursuivants, by making it dangerous for them to approach. 
 The Burkes or De Burgos were in this class. They had lands 
 which the king claimed by title derived by the intermarriage 
 of Lionel, son of Edward III., with the heir female of William 
 De Burgo, Earl of Ulster. Lionel came over with a conside¬ 
 rable force to seize these lands from the Burkes, but did not 
 march into Connaught. Thenceforth they employed every 
 effort to prevent the king’s writ running in Connaught. In 
 this sense, and through fear of losing their lands, they became 
 “ the king’s English rebels.”® ^diey allied themselves for this 
 purpose with “ the king’s Irish enemies,” but they had no in¬ 
 tention of rebelling to eject the English out of Ireland; they 
 were too proud of their English blood. To the eye they 
 looked like Irish, for they dressed and spoke as Irishmen, yet 
 they are described as “ tall men who boast themselves to be of 
 the king’s blood, and berith hate to the Irishrie.”^ But be- 
 
 > Sir J. Davis’ “ Discoverie,” p. 617. 
 
 2 Ib., p. 676. 
 
 3 Deputy and Council to the King, A. D. 1610. State Papers, Henry YIII. 
 (Ireland), vol. ii., p. 307. 
 
 ^ Id., ib., vol. i., p. 327. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 31 
 
 sides English rebels, the king had his English lieges beyond 
 the Pale. The English lieges beyond the Pale acknowledged 
 themselves to be the king’s subjects, on his peace and war, 
 and held their Irish tenants and forces ready to appear in the 
 field on the king’s side. But they had for the most part 
 ceased to pay feudal dues, as there were no sherifiTs or eschea- 
 tors to enforce them ; though the Butlers of Kilkenny, and 
 the Earls of Kildare and Desmond, as they were about the 
 king’s court, and ’aspired to be lord deputies and treasurers, 
 seem to have sued out livery, and paid some of the feudal 
 charges. 
 
 The English of Ireland, however, of all classes except in 
 the neighbourhood of Dublin, had adopted the Irish language, 
 dress, and manners, and never appeared in English apparel, 
 except when attending Parliament or the Lord Deputy’s 
 court f and no sooner home thence (or from the Court of 
 England), than off with their English apparel, and on wdth 
 their brogues and saffron shirt, and kerne’s coat, and other 
 Irish attire.^ 
 
 In their justice halls, they administered March law, a mix¬ 
 ture of the English law and the Irish law of Kincogish, the 
 latter being a system of fines or satisfaction exacted from the 
 
 ' State Papers, Henry YIII. (Ireland), vol. i., p. 477. 
 
 ^ “ That the Earl of Clanrioarde’s sons (not without manifest consent of 
 their father) had stolen across the Shannon, and there cast away their English 
 habit and apparel, and put on their wonted Irish weede.” Sir Henry Sidney to 
 the Council in England (A. D. 1576), pp. 1 19, 1 20, Collins’ “ Memorials of the 
 Sidney Family.” 2 vols. Folio. 
 
 Patrick, the Baron of Lixnaw’s eldest son, “ Notwithstanding he was trained 
 up in the Court of England, sworn servant to her Majesty, in good favour there, 
 and apparelled according to his degree, yet he was no sooner come home, but 
 away with his English attires, and on with his hrogs, his shirt, and other Irish 
 rags, being become as verie a traitor as the veriest knave of them all.”—A. D. 
 1856. Holinshed, “Chronicle of Ireland,” p. 477. 
 
32 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 clan or nation of the party committing the injury, paya.ble, 
 part to the party injured, and part to the lord who enforced 
 it.i 
 
 The king and statesmen of England, indignant that the 
 feudal system had been nearly abandoned in Ireland, and that 
 the English settlers had adopted the freer mode of life of the 
 Irish, by an ordinance made in England in the year 1342' 
 (15 Edw. III.), resumed—in other words, confiscated—the es¬ 
 tates of all the great English nobility and gentry of Ireland,* 
 intending plainly to send over colonists from England to plant 
 such parts of their lands as the king should judge convenient, 
 just as was done about 200 years later (in the year 1585), 
 when the estates of the descendant of the Earl of Desmond, 
 one of the noblemen now aimed at, were confiscated, and set 
 out to planters from Somersetshire and Devonshire, from 
 Cheshire and Lancashire. For this purpose the Deputy sum¬ 
 moned the nobility and commons of Ireland to a Parliament 
 at Dublin, largely filled with prelates and lords, and landed 
 proprietors of English birth, who were eager, no doubt, for a 
 reformation and improvement of Ireland, founded on a redis¬ 
 tribution of Irish lands to English capitalists. But the Earls 
 of Desmond and Kildare, and the rest of the English nobility 
 possessed of Irish estates, refused to attend, and, with the 
 citizens and burgesses of the principal towns, held a separate 
 Parliament or Convention at Kilkenny, and remonstrated 
 against the design. The Earl of Kildare was thereupon 
 arrested, and the Earl of Desmond and many others indicted, 
 their lands seized, and their titles called in, and cancelled.® 
 But about ten years afterwards (26th Edw. HI.), their lands 
 
 1 “The Deputie’s Boke,” State Papers of Henry VIII., vol. i.. Paper 181, 
 p. 447. 
 
 2 Sir J. Davis’ “ Discoverie,” p. 660. 
 
 ’ Ib., pp. 660, 680. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 33 
 
 and liberties were restored ; much, however, to the chagrin 
 of the Parliament of England, who made the king engage not 
 to restore them if he again got them into his hand.' 
 
 The expedition of Lionel Duke of Clarence, the king’s son, 
 to Ireland, a few years afterwards, was a partial renewal of 
 the same design. He claimed the greater part of Connaught 
 from the Burkes, and other lands in other parts of Ireland, 
 which he intended to take from the present possessors, and to 
 plant, of course, when recovered, with settlers out of England. 
 Preparatory to his invasion of Connaught, he assembled a 
 Parliament at Kilkenny, where the most rigorous laws were 
 passed against those English that had adopted Irish customs, 
 or should adopt them for the future. Those who should take 
 Irishwomen for wives or mistresses, or should give out their 
 children to be fostered or reared up in Irish families—who 
 should maintain Irish harpers, bards, rhymers, or minstrels in 
 their halls—were to undergo various punishments. For mar¬ 
 rying an Irish wife, or for having an Irishwoman for a mis¬ 
 tress, the penalty was to be half hanged, shamefully mutilated 
 and disembowelled alive, and to forfeit his estate.^ 
 
 ' Sii’ J. Davis’ “ Discoveric,” p. 655. 
 
 2 “The Statutes of Kilkenny, of the 40th Year of King Edward III. 
 enacted in a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A. D. 1367, before Lionel Duke of 
 Clarence. Now first printed. Edited by James Ilardiman, M. R. I. A.” 4to. 
 Dublin. For the Irish Archmological Society : 1843. The English of Ireland 
 became as fond of the harp as the Irish. In the inventories of the household 
 goods of the gentry confiscated at the Revolution of 1688, the ancient English 
 families of the Pale are found possessed of “ one Iidsh harpe.’’ (W. Lynch, 
 author of “ Feudal Dignities in Ireland,” Sub-Commissioner of Irish Records, 
 
 “ Dublin Penny Journal,” vol. i., p. 335.) And the Irish “ Iludibras,” printed 
 in London, 1698, to ridicule and vilify the Irish, thus describes the gentlemen 
 of the same class ; — 
 
 “ There was old Threicy [Tracy], and old Darcy, 
 
 Playing all weathers on the clarsey, 
 
 • D 
 
34 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ It Avas manifest from these laws,” says Sir John Davis, 
 
 “ that those Avho had the government of Ireland under the 
 Crown of England intended to make a perpetual separation 
 and enmity between the English settled in Ireland and the 
 native Irish, in the expectation that the English should in the 
 end root out the Irish.” But the numerous English of Irish 
 birth possessed of lands to which the Crown laid claim, or 
 Avhich were liable to forfeiture, had now nearly equal reason 
 with the native Irish to fear the designs of the Government of 
 England. The degenerate English, like the Burkes of the 
 counties of Mayo and Galway, the Poers of Waterford, and 
 others, became only more determined “ English rebels.” The 
 other English beyond the Pale, though they professed alle¬ 
 giance to the king, were in secret equally disinclined to see 
 the king’s escheators, sheriffs, and judges resume their duties 
 among them. They knew the value of being free from the 
 feudal burdens of wardships, marriages, fines for alienation, 
 and all the other taxes which it was the secondary aim of these 
 reforms to restore ; and they did not feel that hatred and con¬ 
 tempt for their Irish tenants, neighbours, and kinsmen, re¬ 
 quired by the Statute of Kilkenny. Nor did the English who 
 came over from England render themselves very agreeable to 
 their countrymen settled in Ireland, or make them very anxious 
 for any reformation that should bring a fresh accession of them 
 from the mother country ; for they were, of course, preferred 
 to all the chief offices of the State, and they despised the Eng- 
 
 The Irish harp,—whose rusty metal 
 
 Sounds like the patching of a kettle.” 
 
 Ten years afterwards it survived in Connaught, where the old Irish gentry 
 are described as careful to have their children taught to speak Latin, write well, 
 and play on the harp. “ Discourse concerning Ireland, and the different Inte¬ 
 rests thereof; in Answer to the Exon and Barnstaple Petition.” Small 4to., 
 London: 1697-8, p. 19. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 35 
 
 lish of the birth of Ireland. It appears from this very Statute 
 of Kilkenny (which forbids the use of the contemptuous term), 
 that the newly arrived English had no better name for them 
 than “ Irish Dogg,”—insolence which the English of Ireland 
 hurled back by calling them “English hobbe” or churls.' 
 The Irish marked the coarser manners, the cold reserve of the 
 English by birth, by calling them “ Buddagh Sassenach,” 
 Saxon clowns for they conceive it to be the mark of a gen¬ 
 tleman to be free and affable with inferiors and equals : clowns 
 are cold, they thought, but gentlemen courteous.^ Thus, both 
 the English of the birth of Ireland and the native Irish had 
 reason to dislike the reforms aimed at by the Statute of Kil¬ 
 kenny ; but it was the English of Ireland that became the 
 main impediment to the reconquest of Ireland, and more 
 malicious to the English*—more mortal enemies than the 
 Irish themselves,® as better knowing their power and pur¬ 
 poses.® 
 
 During the long wars in France, and afterwards during 
 the civil wars of the Koses, when the English, driven back 
 from their attempted conquests in France, turned in their lust 
 
 ' “ Also . . that no difference of allegiance shall henceforth he made be¬ 
 tween the English horn in Ireland and the English born in England by calling 
 them English hobbe or Irish dog; but that all be called by one name, the English 
 lieges of our Lord the King.’’ 40th Edward III. (Irish), c. 4. 
 
 ^ Stanihurst, in Ilolinshcd’s “ Chronicle,” vol. ii., chap. 8, p. 44. Folio. 
 London: 1586. 
 
 ® “ Lcs vilains s’entretiennent; les nobles s’embrassent.” Old French pro¬ 
 verb. 
 
 * Spenser’s “ View of Ireland.” 
 
 * Sir J. Davis’ “ Discoverie.” 
 
 6 In Henry VIII.’s reign the Deputy and Council dissuade the king from 
 seeking to confiscate Connaught, as it was “ the fearing to be expelled from these 
 their possessions,” that kept MAVilliam [the ancestor of the present JIarquis of 
 Clanricarde], and his ancestors so long English rebels.” State Papers of 
 Henry VlII. (Ireland), vol. ii., p. 309. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 for land and power to rob each other, this reformation of Ire¬ 
 land was suspended. But no sooner were these wars over, 
 and the Government (irmly established in England, which was 
 not until Henry VIII.’s reign, than all these projects were 
 renewed. 
 
 At the commencement of Henry VHI.’s reign, the re¬ 
 gular administration of the law was limited to the four counties 
 adjacent to the capital, called the Four obedient Counties, or 
 the English Pale. In these only were there justices or sheriffs 
 under the king. In the rest of Ireland no judges had held 
 assizes for more than 200 years. No escheators or sheriffs 
 had levied the reliefs payable to the king for each succession ; 
 no fines had been paid for alienations. The estates of all the 
 old English settlers beyond the Pale were for this reason alone 
 liable to forfeiture. 
 
 The native Irish were in a still worse case. From the days 
 of the first conquest, they were denied the protection and en¬ 
 joyment of the English law, with the intent that the English 
 should in the end root them out of their lands. Many of the 
 largest English proprietors were absentees, who possessed 
 land in both countries, and scorned to dwell in this remote and 
 backward island.* In their absence, the Irish reoccupied their 
 ancient territories. During the civil war of the Roses whole 
 families had left Ireland for the battle fields in England, and 
 been swept away. The Irish repossessed themselves of the 
 deserted lands. But it was against the policy of England that 
 any Irish should ever possess any lands that had once be- 
 
 1 It is about twenty years since a Barrister of tbe Leinster Circuit, on ar¬ 
 riving for tbe mess at tbe Club House Hotel, Kilkenny, congratulated Jobn 
 Walsb, the host, on the news in the papers, that a luxurious young absentee 
 nobleman, of large estates in tbe county, bad at length come to reside at his 
 Irish mansion. Walsh answered,—“ He, Sir? He’d as lief live "in Newgate ! 
 We haven’t vice enough for him.” 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 37 
 
 longed to an Englishman. About this period much of the 
 county of Kildare was thus deserted of English, and reoccu¬ 
 pied by Irish. The Parliament offered it to any English who 
 would come, and inhabit it; and as an inducement, they were 
 to be tax-free for six years.' In like manner, in the counties 
 of Kilkenny and Tipperary, many of the native proprietors 
 had got back into their ancient lands, abandoned by the Eng¬ 
 lish. This, if not remedied, would be the destruction of these 
 counties, which (piously adds the Parliament) God forbid. 
 For the English seem to have thought God made a mistake in 
 giving so line a country as Ireland to the Irish ; and for near 
 seven hundred years they have been trying to remedy it. Sir 
 James of Ormond was therefore commissioned to recover the 
 lands for himself.^ The Earls of Kildare subsequently had 
 grants of all lands they could win from the Irish.^ The Irish 
 were therefore never deceived as to the purpose of the Eng¬ 
 lish. And though the English Pale had not been extended 
 for 240 years, their firm persuasion in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 was, that the original design was not abandoned. “ Irishmen 
 be of opinion among themselves,” says Justice Cusack, to 
 the King, “ that Englishmen will one day banish them, and 
 put them from their lands for ever.”‘ How correctly they 
 judged of the purpose of the English is now evident from 
 the State Papers of that day. Upon the subduing of Thomas 
 Fitzgerald’s rebellion there is project after project for clear¬ 
 ing Ireland of Irish to the Shannon.® x\lmost all concur 
 in proposing that the country south of Dublin, within the 
 
 ’ 28th Henry VI. (Irisli), c. 35 (Unpublished Statutes). 
 
 * 8th Henry VII. (Irish), c. 25. 
 
 ® State Papers of Henry VIII. (Ireland), vol. i., p. 177. 
 
 * Ibid., vol. ii., p. 326. 
 
 ® See Cowley’s “ Treatise,’’ ibid., vol. i., pp. 323—328. Another paper thus 
 concludes—" Consequently, the premises brought to pass, there shall no Irishrie 
 
38 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 line of the Barrow, be inhabited exclusively by English. It 
 was to be a base of operations against the rest of Ireland. 
 Some even contemplated the entire extirpation of the Irish ; 
 but, luckily for the Irish, there was no precedent for it found 
 in the chronicle of the conquest.^ Add to this the difficulty 
 of finding people to reinhabit it, if suddenly unpeopled. Ac¬ 
 cordingly, the chiefs and gentlemen of the Irish only were to 
 be driven from their properties, and worn out in exile, while 
 their lands should be given to English. The towns were to 
 be all cleared, their walls repaired, and rendered defensible 
 against the attacks of the exiled Irish.^ And the projectors 
 of these improvements were, of course, to be rewarded by 
 lands thus recovered. The king, however, seems to^have been 
 satisfied with confiscating the estates of the Earl of Kildare 
 and his family. Fierce and bloody though he was, there was 
 something lion-like in his nature. Notwithstanding all these 
 promptings, he left to the Irish and old English their posses¬ 
 sions, and seemed anxious even to secure them, but failed to 
 do so for want of time. Swarms, however, of English adven- 
 
 be on this side the water of Shenn3’n unprosecuted, unsubdued, and unexiled. 
 .... Then shall the English Pale be well 200 Iryshe miles in length, and 
 more.” Ibid., ib., p. 452. 
 
 I “ The lande is very large, by estimation as large as Englande, so that to 
 enhabit the whole uuth new inhabiters, the number would be so great that there 
 is no prince christened that commodiously might spare so many subjects to de¬ 
 part out of his regions.But to enterprise the whole extirpation and totall 
 
 destruction of all the Irishmen of the lande, it would be a marvillous and sump- 
 tious charge and great difficulty, considering both the lack of enhabitors, and 
 the great hardness and misery these Irishmen can endure, both of himger, colde, 
 and thirst and evill lodging, more than the inhabitauntes of any other lande. 
 And by president of the conquest of this lande we have not heard or redde in any 
 cronycle that at such conquestes the hole inhabitaimtes of the landes have been 
 utterly extirped and banished. 'Wherefore,” &c. Lord Deputy and Council to 
 the King, ibid., vol. ii., p. 176. 
 
 ® Cowley’s “ Treatise,” ibid., vol. i., p. 326. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 39 
 
 turers were hungering and thirsting after Irish lands, and 
 there was no difficulty in driving a high-spirited people, full 
 of well-grounded suspicions, into rebellion. The O’Moores 
 and O’Connors rebelled in Edward VI.’s reio-n. Their terri- 
 
 O 
 
 tories were formed by Philip and Mary into the King’s and 
 Queen’s Counties, and their lands passed to English. The 
 Earl of Desmond’s great territories in Munster were forfeited 
 in Queen Elizabeth’s reign, and were set out to companies of 
 planters out of Devonshire, Dorsetshire, and Somersetshire—■ 
 out of Lancashire, and Cheshire—organized for defence, and 
 to be supported by standing forces. Each new plantation 
 produced fresh rebellions, from the pride and insolence of the 
 new planters, the cupidity [of standers-by, and the fears and re¬ 
 sistance of the neighbouring Irish : till at length, in Hugh 
 Earl of Tyrone’s rebellion, in 1598, the most of the native 
 Irish were engaged, and great numbers of degenerate or 
 I’ebellious English. 
 
 This rebellion was subdued in the closing hours of Queen 
 Elizabeth’s life; and James I. ascended the throne with the 
 country at his disposal. 
 
 And here, before entering on his settlement of Ireland, it 
 may be worth inquiring what were the crimes of the Irish to 
 cause the English for so many ages to treat them as alien 
 enemies, to refuse them the right to bring actions in the courts 
 set up by the English in Ireland, and to adhere to their 
 cherished scheme of depriving the nation of their lands. The 
 Irish gave no national resistance to the English; they had no 
 dynasty to set up ; no common government to restore ; no 
 national capital to recover. They never contemplated inde¬ 
 pendence or separation. The doctrine that allegiance and pro¬ 
 tection were reciprocal was not yet established—the rights 
 of man not yet suspected. There was no inveterate repug¬ 
 nance between the races ; on the contrai’y, they were too ready 
 
40 
 
 THE CROJnVELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 to intermarry, and the heaviest penalties could not prevent 
 these alliances. The designs of extirpation were on the side 
 of the English—the fears of it on the side of the Irish. The 
 Irish only too quickly forgave the robbery of their lands. The 
 Fitzgeralds and the Butlers soon became to them as much their 
 natural leaders and captains as the O’Briens, the M'Carthys, 
 and O’Neills.’ No one ever questioned their titles. Sir J. 
 Davis has said that the Irish, after a thousand conquests, 
 pretended title still. This was to transfer the feelings en¬ 
 gendered by the Plantations of the reigns of Queen Eliza¬ 
 beth and James I. to a period when no such feelings were 
 known. If they had entertained them, they might easily have 
 expelled or massacred the English when the jurisdiction of the 
 English Government was limited for 200 years to the line of 
 the Liffey and the Boyne. No forces came from England ; 
 there was no standing army of English ; yet the English lived 
 unharmed among the Irish, as secure of their castles and lands 
 as native Irish. Campion, Spenser, and Davis have noted 
 with no friendly hand the faults of the Irish ; but the murder¬ 
 ing of English naturalized landlords is not in the catalogue ; 
 on the contrary, their devotion to them was unbounded.’’ 
 
 > Tlnis, in 1520, the Earl of Surrey urges that James Lord Butler he sent 
 over to Ireland, as the Earl of Ormond has gout, and cannot talce the field ; “ and 
 his men will never go forth unless they may have the said Erl, or ellys his sonne 
 and heire with them, to be their captaine.” State Papers of Henry VIII., vol. i. 
 (Ireland), p. 49. 
 
 2 “ Indeed, they had an old prophecy that the day should come when the Irfsh 
 would weep over Englishmen’s graves. This one shall hear up and down in 
 every mouth. They fear it will he verified in the Soots above every other nation.” 
 (“ Mercurius Hibernicus.” By James Howel. Bristol: 1644.) In 1848 I 
 asked an old Connaught coachman of the Sligo mail if he had ever heard it ? 
 “ Yes,” said he, “ and that they would dig them out of their graves with their 
 nails, if they could so get them hack.” LBce the old Phrygian peasant digging 
 the ground, when asked what he was seeking for “ For Antigonus,” he an¬ 
 swered, whose tyranny seemed mildness to the rule of his successor.” Plu¬ 
 tarch, “ Life of Phocion. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 41 
 
 Thousands sacrificed themselves to maintain the Kildares and 
 the Desmonds in their right. And the love of lord and tenant 
 was reciprocal. When the Earl of Kildare and his five uncles 
 had been cut off by a kind of Turkish butchery,' the Irish of 
 Leinster pined for the return of the heir; they longed to see 
 young Gerald’s banner displayed, and coveted more to see a 
 Geraldine reign and triumph than to see God come among 
 them and the last Earl of Desmond declared he had rather 
 forsake God than forsake his men.’ 
 
 Their crime was to be possessed of lands the English 
 coveted. Moreover, the English could not endure that the 
 Irish should enjoy their lands in a freer manner than them¬ 
 selves ; and the Irish could not submit to give them up, or to 
 change their free and independent title into feudal tenure. 
 The English planted in Ireland soon learned to prefer Irish 
 freedom to feudal thraldom. This became a fresh crime in the 
 Irish—they corrupted the English, and both became odious, 
 and the lands of each were to be confiscated. 
 
 James I. ascended the throne at the very hour of Hugh 
 O’Neill Earl of Tyrone’s submission. The country was a ruin, 
 from the devastations of “ the fifteen years’ war.” He recog¬ 
 nised the insecurity of the properties of the Ii'ish as the capi¬ 
 tal error of all the former governments, from the days of the 
 
 ■ Hanged and disembowelled alive at Tyburn on 3rd February, 153S. 
 
 “ Butchered to make a London holiday.” 
 
 Some or all of the uncles were guiltless of their nephew’s rebellion. But the 
 king was told there should never be peace and good order in Ireland “ till the 
 bludde of the GaiToldes were wholly extinct.” Lord Audley to Thomas Crom- 
 weB, 13th Sept., 1535. “Lives of the Earls of Kildare,” by the Marquis of 
 Kildare, vol. i., p. 152. 
 
 2 State Papers of Henry VIII. (Ireland), vol. ii., p. 147. 
 
 ’ Carleton (Bishop of Chichester), “ Thankful Remembrance of God’s Mercy 
 to the Church of England,” p. 41. 4to. London: 1624. 
 
42 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Conquest. He saw also how largely the fears of the dege¬ 
 nerate English for their estates, held under defective title, had 
 contributed to the disturbance of Ireland. His first act was 
 to proclaim a general oblivion and indemnity. He restored 
 the Earl of Tyrone to his estates ; he promised the Irish that 
 they should thenceforth hold their lands as English freeholds, 
 instead of under the law of tanistry, and assured the degene¬ 
 rate English that their estates should be confirmed to them 
 for the future against the claims of discoverers, on easy terms 
 of composition. By these measures the perpetual war which 
 had continued between the nations “ for four hundred and odd 
 years,” and was caused, says Sir John Davis, by the purpose 
 entertained by the English “ to roote out” the Irish, was to be 
 brought to an end. But before many years were passed these 
 first good resolutions were abandoned. The right of the Irish 
 to their lands was derided, and we find Sir John himself shar¬ 
 ing in the spoil.* In the mean time the king’s design with 
 regard to the Irish was to restore to the chief and principal 
 gentlemen such demesnes as they kept in their own occupa¬ 
 tion, to hold as tenants by knight’s service under the king ; 
 and to fix the inferior members of the clan, hitherto living 
 the wandering life of the creaghts, in settled villages, paying 
 certain money rents to their lords, instead of their former un¬ 
 certain spendings,— the object being to break up the clan 
 system, and to destroy the power of the chiefs. 
 
 This plan seems to have been matured by the summer of 
 1607. On the 17th of July in that year. Sir Arthur Chiches¬ 
 ter, Lord Deputy, accompanied by Sir John Davis and other- 
 commissioners, proceeded to Ulster, with powers to inquire 
 
 • In the Plantation of Ulster he got, in the county of Fermanagh, 1300 acres; 
 in the county of Tyrone, 2000 acres; in the county of Armagh, 500 acres. 
 Pynnar’s “ Survey of Ulster hy Commission under the Great Seal of Ireland, 
 A. D. 1618-1619.” Harris’s “ Ilibernica,” p. 131. 8vo. Dublin: 1717. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 43 
 
 what lands each man held. There appeared before them in 
 each county which they visited the chief lords and Irish gen¬ 
 tlemen, the heads of creaghts, and the common people, the 
 Brehons and Shannahs, a kind of Irish heralds or chroniclers, 
 who knew all the septs and families, and took upon themselves 
 to tell what quantity of land every man ought to have ; they 
 thus ascertained and booked their several lands, and the Lord 
 Deputy promised them estates in them.* “ He thus,” says 
 Sir John Davis, “ made it a year of jubilee to the poor inha¬ 
 bitants, because every man was to return to his own house, 
 and be restored to his ancient possessions, and they all went 
 home rejoicing.”* 
 
 Notwithstanding these promises, the king, in the following 
 year issued his scheme for the Plantation of Ulster, urged to 
 it, it w’ould seem, by Sir Arthur Chichester, who so largely 
 profited by it, though the highest councillor in the kingdom 
 told him to his face in the king’s presence that it was against 
 the honour of the king and the justice of the kingdom.^ It 
 could not be said that the flight of O’Neill and O’Donnell, Earls 
 of Tyrone and Tyrconnell, gave occasion to this change ; for 
 the king immediately issued a proclamation'* (which he re¬ 
 newed on taking formal possession of the Earls’ territories),® 
 assuring the inhabitants that they should be protected and 
 preserved in their estates, notwithstanding the flight of the 
 Earls : nor the outbreak of Sir Cahir O’Doherty in the month 
 
 ' Letter of Sir John Davis to the Earl of Salisbury, A. D. 1607. “ Historical 
 Tracts,” by Sir John Davis, p. 258. Dublin: 1787. 
 
 ^ Ibid., ib., p. 238. 
 
 3 “ Analecta Sacra, Nova et Mira de Eebus Catholicomm in Hibernia pro 
 Fide et Religione Gcstis. CoUectore et Eelatore T. N. Philadelpho-Coloni®,” 
 1617, p. 239. i2mo. 
 
 1 Dated Eathfarnham, 7th Sept., fifth James I. “ Printed Calendar of 
 Patent Rolls of James I.,” p. 419. 
 
 5 Dated 9th November of same year. Ib., p. 420. 
 
44 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 of May, 1608, as it was confined to the neighbourhood of Lon¬ 
 donderry, which he attacked, killing the governor, who had 
 dared to strike him. The truth would seem to be, that the 
 English, with their feudal prejudices, regard the land in a 
 higher light than man, and consider the improvement of the 
 country to mean the improvement of the land, and not the 
 happiness of its inhabitants. As if man were not the first ob¬ 
 ject—and humanity the first virtue ! The more especially 
 as they assume that the Irish cannot effect these works, and 
 that the lands must accordingly be assigned to themselves, 
 careful not to remember that the energies of the Irish are de¬ 
 stroyed by their sense of impending exile. Manors of 1000, 
 1500, and 3000 acres were offered by this project to such 
 English and Scottish as shordd undertake to plant their lots 
 with British Protestants, and eno;aa:e to allow no Irish to dwell 
 upon them. For the security of the Plantation, all Irish who 
 had been in arms were to be transplanted with their families, 
 cattle, and followers, to waste places in Munster and Con¬ 
 naught, and there set down at a distance from one another ; 
 while those who should be suffered to remain were to remove 
 from the lands allotted to the planters, to places where they 
 could be under the eye of the “ Servitors,” as those planters 
 were called who had shares given them in reward for their 
 services after a war or rebellion.^ 
 
 The Irish gentlemen who did not forfeit their estates re¬ 
 ceived proportions (intended to be three-fourths of their 
 former lands, but too often only one-half or one-third, or 
 none at all, as the English “were their own carvers”), as im¬ 
 mediate tenants of the king. Their lands were liable to for¬ 
 feiture if the chief took from any of his former clansmen 
 any of his ancient customary exactions of victuals; if he 
 
 ' Sir William Petty’s “Political Anatomy," [A. D. 1670], chap. 13. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 4f: 
 
 went coshering on them as of old ; if he used gavelkind, 
 or took the name of “ O’hveill,” or “O’Donnell,” “O’Carroll.” 
 or “ O’Connor,” by tanistry. On his death, his youthful 
 heir was made ward to a Protestant, to be brought up in 
 Trinity College, Dublin, from his twelfth to his eighteenth 
 year, in English habits and religion,—often after this enforced 
 conformity, all the more embittered, like Sir Phelim O’Neill, 
 against English religion. The wandering creaghts were now 
 to become his tenants at fixed money rents. He covenanted 
 that they should build and dwell in villages, and live on 
 allotted portions of land, “ to them as grievous as to be made 
 bond slaves.” Unable to keep their cattle on the small por¬ 
 tions of land assigned to them, instead of ranging at large, 
 they sold away both corn and cattle.' Unused to money 
 rents, though of victuals they formerly made small account 
 because of their plenty, they were unable to pay their rents ; 
 and their lords finding it impossible to exact them, and being 
 thus deprived of their living, numbers of them fled to Spain. 
 Similar plantations followed in Leitrim, Longford, King’s 
 County, and Wexford, except that in some (as in Leitrim) 
 one-half of the lands of the Irish were to be seized. 
 
 What the Irish suffered in these plantations may be con¬ 
 ceived from the following instances :— 
 
 Thus Daniel Coughlan, one of the young Duke of York’s 
 household, in his petition to the king, at Oxford, in 1645, 
 states that, in the time of Lord Falkland being Deputy 
 [A. D. 1622-1629], his father’s lands in the King’s County were 
 planted for Ilis Majesty’s use, which was every fourth acre, 
 according to plantation rule. “ But one Matthew Drench 
 [Derinzy], under pretence of plantation, turned your peti¬ 
 tioner’s father, deceased, and your petitioner, out of all his 
 
 ' Letter of Sir Arthur Chichester to the King, 30th October, 1610. Sir 
 Henry Ellis’s “ Original Letters.” Third Series. 
 
46 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 lands ; nor could your petitioner ever yet be righted, or have 
 any consideration for his land.” Derinzy being in actual re¬ 
 bellion here in England, and still in possession of all the 
 petitioner’s lands, ]\Ir. Goughian prayed to be restored.^ 
 
 In the Wexford plantation of i6i i, the lands to be planted 
 lay between the Eiver Slaney and the sea, eonsisting of 
 66,800 acres, besides woods and mountains. Of 447 Irish 
 claiming freeholds, only 21 were to retain their ancient 
 houses and habitations, 36 others were to be elsewhere pro¬ 
 vided for, and all the rest of the freeholders 390 in number, 
 together with the other inhabitants, estimated to be 14,500 
 men, women, and ehildren, were removeable at the will of the 
 new planters.^ 
 
 On the 7th of May, 1613, the Sheriff of Wexford pro- 
 eeeded to put the latter in possession of the several portions 
 of the land specified in their patents, broke open the doors 
 of such of the ancient proprietors as resisted, and turned them 
 out.® 
 
 They probably felt this all the more, as they had been 
 previously informed that nothing was intended unto them by 
 that plantation but their good; and that the civilizing the 
 country was the chief thing aimed at.^ 
 
 They all offered, but in vain, to pay such rents, and 
 to perform sueh buildings, as the new undertakers were to 
 perform.® 
 
 The men of Longford, in their address to the Koyal Com¬ 
 missioners authorized [A. D. 1622] to hear the grievanees of 
 
 * Carte Papers, vol. xiv., p. 100. The king’s fiat, dated at Oxford, March 
 28th, 1645, describes Mr. Goughian as “ our servant attending our dearest son, 
 the Duke of York.” 
 
 ^ Retm-n of Sir Arthur Chichester and other Commissioners to the King. 
 
 “ Desiderata Curiosa Hibernica,” vol. i., p. 376. 
 
 ® Ibid., p. 389. ‘ Ibid., vol. i., p. 374. 
 
 - 5 Ibid., p. 390. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 47 
 
 Ireland, say that, instead of losing one-fourth, many had all 
 taken from them ; and that divers of the poor natives, or 
 former freeholders, after the loss of all their possessions or 
 inheritance, some went mad, and others died instantly for 
 very grief: as one O’Feraill, of Clayrad, and Donagh M‘Gerald 
 OTeraill, ofCuillagh (and others whose names for brevity are 
 left out), who on their death beds were in such a taking that 
 they by earnest persuasion caused some of their friends to 
 bring them out of their said beds, to have abroad the sight of 
 the hills and fields they lost in the said plantation, every one 
 of them dying instantly after.' 
 
 If the fair promises of James I. were of no value to the 
 native Irish, his commission to secure the defective titles of 
 the English availed them but little more. Notwithstanding 
 large sums paid during his reign, as compositions to obtain 
 perfect titles, Discoverers with eagle eyes (to use the language 
 of a Committee of the House of Commons of Ireland to Lord 
 Strafford, in 1634), piercing into the grants made to them 
 under this commission, took advantage of the errors of the 
 persons employed in passing of patents and estates from the 
 Crown, and disheartened them from making their possessions 
 beautiful or profitable.^ And King Charles I., occupied in 
 devising means to raise moneys without the aid of Parliament, 
 connived at the Earl’s proceedings in the confiscation of the 
 
 ' “ To the Eight Honourable the Commissioners authorized by His Majesty 
 to hear the grievances of Ireland. 
 
 “A Memorial of part of their grievances and destructions done upon the most 
 part of the poor natives of the County of Longford, in the time of the late 
 Plantation thereof, by the Committees and Surveyors appointed for the said 
 county.” A. D. 1622, Hams MSS. p. 68. Folio. Eoyal Dublin Society’s 
 Library. 
 
 ^ “ Strafford’s Letters,” vol. i., p. 310. For a good account of the various 
 technical errors for which the Patents were declared to be void, see “ Fiction 
 Unmasked,” by'Walter Harris, Esq., pp. 60-83. izmo. Dublin: 1752. 
 
48 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 estates of the old English of Connaught, though they had 
 bought off the claim of the Crown, three hundred years old, 
 derived through the De Burgos, whose daughter and heir 
 Lionel, son of Edward III., had married. Lord Strafford found 
 flaws in the execution of the previous commissions, and got 
 the king’s title found. More unscrupulous than James 1., who 
 professed to take one-fourth from the native Irish, Strafford 
 resolved to take one-half of the lands of the old English of 
 Connaught, with the intention of founding there “ a noble 
 English Plantation.”' And when Lord Holland, in the Privy 
 Council in England, declared that taking so much might in¬ 
 duce them to call the Irish regiments out of Flanders, Lord 
 Strafford answered that if taking one-half should move that 
 country to rebellion, the taking one-third or one-fourth would 
 hardly Insure the Crown their allegiance ; and if they were so 
 rotten and unsound at heart, wisdom would counsel to weaken 
 them, and line them thoroughly with Protestants as guards 
 upon them.2 
 
 His despotic proceeding in the confiscation of Connaught 
 was made one of the grounds of his impeachment; but the 
 managers for the Parliament abandoned it.® It had served 
 its purpose by swelling the train of the Earfs accusers : and, 
 in their Declaration concerning the Kise and Progress of the 
 Irish Rebellion, the Commons of England made it a ground 
 of complaint against the king that he had allowed the Con¬ 
 naught proprietors to compound with him for their estates.'* 
 
 ' Sir Eichard Cox, Secretary to King "William III., and afterwards Chan¬ 
 cellor of Ireland, in his “ Hibernia Anglicana," vol. ii., p. 56. Folio. Lon¬ 
 don: 1690. 
 
 2 “ Strafford’s Letters,” vol. ii., p. 33. 
 
 ® Eushworth’s “Historical Collections,” vol. viii., p. 717. 
 
 * Ibid., vol. V., pp. 346-7. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 49 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 THE IRISH REBELLION OF 23RD OCTOBER, 1641, AND SUPPOSED 
 MASSACRE OF ENGLISH. 
 
 The forty years between the defeat of the Irish at Kinsale, on 
 the 2nd January, 1601-2, and the great War or Rebellion 
 Avhich broke out on the 23rd October, 1641, have been repre¬ 
 sented as the period of the greatest peace, improvement, and 
 prosperity known in Ireland since the days of the first invasion. 
 And so it was in one sense; but in another the period of the 
 greatest misery. The land was improved. Castles and bawns 
 sprang up among new-formed fields. The planters, happy and 
 energetic, thought all the world was happy too. Under the 
 labours of about twenty years, their lands began to smile. 
 Little they thought or cared how the ancient owner, dispos¬ 
 sessed of his lands, must grieve as he turned from the sight of 
 the prosperous stranger to his pining family ; daughters with¬ 
 out prospect of preferment in marriage ; sons, without fit com¬ 
 panions, walking up and down the country with their horses 
 and greyhounds, coshering on the Irish, drinking and gaming, 
 and ready for any rebellion;* most of his high-born friends 
 
 ‘ Act of loth and nth Charles I., chap. 16 [Irish], A. D. 1636, “ For the 
 suppression of Cosherers and idle Wanderers.” It speaks of “the many young 
 gentlemen of this kingdom that have .little or nothing to live on of their ovn 
 .... but live coshering on the country, and sessing themselves and their fol¬ 
 lowers, their horses and their greyhounds, sometimes exacting money to spare 
 them and their tenants, and to go elsewhere for their ceaught and adraugh, viz., 
 supper and breakefaste . . . being commonly active young men, and such as 
 seek to have many followers.apt upon the least occasion of insurrec¬ 
 
 tion or disturbance .... to he heads and leaders of outlaws and rebels, and 
 in the meantime do support their excessive drinking and gaming by several 
 stealths.” 
 
 E 
 
5 ° 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 wandering in poverty in France or Spain, or enlisted in their 
 armies. There was prosperity, but it was among the supplant¬ 
 ing strangers —misery among the displanted and transplanted 
 Irish. There was peace, but it was the peace of despair, be¬ 
 cause there remained no hope except in arms, and their arms 
 were taken from them. 
 
 The case was little better among the old English gentry 
 of Leinster, IMunster, and Connaught, once possessed of the 
 finest lands, and all the power and privileges of the kingdom. 
 They were now supplanted in all the offices of state by the 
 later invaders of Queen Elizabeth’s, and James the First’s, 
 and Charles the First’s reigns, all Protestants. The towns, 
 always hitherto the sure defence of the English power, were 
 equally unhappy in this prosperous time. The seaport towns 
 were built by the Danes, the inland ones raised and walled 
 under charters from the kino-s of England or of feudal lords. 
 They were so strictly English, that no Irish could originally 
 by law dwell in them. They were considered by Sir Henry 
 Sydney the Queen’s unpaid garrisons, which had ever stood 
 staunch in all wars as well of English rebels as of Irish ene¬ 
 mies. The ancient burgher families were now supplanted by 
 English Protestants in the office of mayors, sheriffs, and re¬ 
 corders ; and where these could not be had, and Eoman Ca¬ 
 tholics took the offices, the members of the corporation were 
 summoned before the Lord Deputy, and fined £ioo each, and 
 imprisoned, for not taking the oath of supremacy when ten¬ 
 dered to them.' Churchwardens enumerated in lists the Iiish 
 of every parish that did not attend the English service, and 
 these were tendered to grand juries at sessions of the peace 
 and assizes to be presented for fines. If the old English or 
 Irish grand jurors outnumbered the new English, there were 
 
 1 P. 325, “ Analecta de Rebus Catholicis in Hibernia” (Collections relating 
 to Catholic affairs in Ireland). lamo. Dublin: 1617. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 51 
 
 no presentments made ; for they made it a matter of eon- 
 science not to be accessory to fining their fellow-worshippers 
 for an act of religious duty. They were then all “censured” 
 by the Court of Castle Chamber by heavy fines, and put in 
 prison, till at times the jails were choked with them. 
 
 At Michaelmas Term, 1616, the jurors who were imprisoned 
 for refusing to find verdict against their fellow-Catholics were 
 packed in jail like herrings in a barrel; their fines reached to 
 £16,000, which, instead of going to the poor of the parishes, 
 went to private favourites > Those of the county Cavan alone 
 were fined £8000.^ 
 
 The Primate’s Great House at Drogheda was built out of 
 them. For when Lesley, Bishop of Raphoe, was turned out 
 of his Palace or See house, by orders of the Common¬ 
 wealth, and he applied for compensation, as having built the 
 house out of his own funds, the Commissioners for the affairs 
 of Ireland affected to disbelieve him, as they knew, they said, 
 that the Primate’s house had been built out of the fines Ec¬ 
 clesiastical.^ 
 
 During the same forty years, England and Scotland, like 
 Ireland, had been suffering under the tyranny of King 
 James I. and King Charles I. These men sought to deprive 
 the Scots of their Presbyterian religion, and the English of 
 their free Parliament. They were also charged with the de¬ 
 sign of restoring Popery in both kingdoms. 
 
 The Scots were the first to take arms, they -were no sooner 
 in the field than the leaders of the popular party in England 
 secretly invited them to invade England, showing them that 
 the king would be thus forced to call a Parliament to obtain 
 supplies for the war ; and they engaged that this Parliament, 
 
 1 
 
 S 
 
 “Analecta de Rebus Catholicis in Hibernia,” p. 49. 
 Order on Dr. Lesley’s petition, 15th May, 1654. —, p. 
 
 * Ibid., p. J 9 . 
 379 ' 
 
52 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 instead of providing funds to carry on the war against the 
 Scots, should pay them the costs of their invasion, and should 
 help to redress the grievances of Scotland by impeaching the 
 king’s ministers, the authors of the common calamities of the 
 two kingdoms. 
 
 The king got ready an army in England to chastise the 
 Scots. But he determined to make himself master as well of 
 the discontented English as of the Scots, by wielding Ireland 
 against them. Ireland in early times was styled by the Eng¬ 
 lish “ one of the barbicans of the Eeahn.”* On the other 
 hand, O’Sullivan Bere counselled the Spaniards to turn it into 
 a fortress for the reduction of England.^ And to this purpose 
 the king had for some time resolved to turn it. Lord Strafford 
 had been employed there since the year 1633, in taking 
 measures to have the lands, goods, and bodies of the king’s 
 Irish subjects at his absolute command. The king could then 
 raise and pay what forces might be necessary for the invasion 
 of England and Scotland. 
 
 In the summer of 1640, Strafford had an army of 8000 
 men, raised in Ireland, encamped about Belfast and Carrick- 
 fergus, for a descent upon Scotland. According to the king’s 
 plans, the king and his army were to march across the border, 
 and attack the Scotch in front; Strafford and his forces were 
 to land on the coast of Ayrshire and take them in the flank, 
 and after “ whipping them home in their own blood,” the con¬ 
 joined forces were to march into England to give the English 
 a lesson. 
 
 But before the king was quite ready, the Scotch, at the in- 
 
 > EoUs of Parliament, vol. iii., p. 36, b. 2nd of King Richard II., A. D. 1379. 
 Folio. London. 
 
 2 “ Ai'cem esse unde heretici possent debellari.” “ Alithinologia, sive Yeri- 
 dica Eesponsio, &c. Eudoxio AUthinologo [Eev. John Lynch] autore. Printed 
 [at St. Malo], A. D. 1664. In 2 vols. 4to. Vol. ii., p. 12. 
 
OF IRELAND. 53 
 
 stigation of the Inviters, on the 21st of August, 1640, crossed 
 the Tweed, and sat down in Durham and Northumberland. 
 
 By this bold step they anticipated and defeated the king’s 
 scheme. Many of the officers of his army were in favour of 
 the treason of the Inviters. His army was mutinous. 
 
 A treaty, therefore, was come to at Ripon, and by the terms 
 of it the Scots were to continue in the counties they occupied 
 until paid their expenses. For this purpose “ the Parliament 
 of Parliaments” was summoned for the 3rd of November, 
 1640, and so far the scheme of the Inviters was completely 
 successful. 
 
 The first act of the Parliament was to impeach Strafford ; 
 but, the method of impeachment failing, the Parliament passed 
 a Bill of Attainder, and in pursuance of it this tyrant was be¬ 
 headed on Tower Hill, on 12th of May, 1641, the Scottish 
 army standing by (as it were) on English ground till he was 
 executed, and the Court of Star Chamber was abolished. The 
 Scots entered England on 20th August, 1640, and only quitted 
 it in August, 1641. 
 
 But the king had no intention of yielding : on the contrary, 
 he resolved to punish the Inviters. They were now in great 
 danger. The English were pacified by the king’s concessions. 
 No act of pardon and oblivion, however, had passed. 
 
 The king had obtained some evidence of the treason of the 
 Inviters while he was with the army at A"ork, in the previous 
 summer. With the view of completing the proofs, he pro¬ 
 ceeded to Edinburgh in July, 1641, and sent the queen with 
 the crown jewels to France and Denmark, to provide arms, and 
 to engage those powers to send him aid.* From York, on his 
 way down, he sent into Ireland, to Ormond and Antrim, to 
 
 ' This view is taken principally from Roger Acherleys “ Britannic Consti¬ 
 tution.” Folio. London: 1727. (Chap ix., “ Breaches of the Constitution in 
 the Reign of Charles I.”) 
 
54 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 gather the freshly disbanded army of Strafford. If the Lord 
 Justices should oppose his design, the Castle of Dublin was to 
 be surprised. The Parliament of Ireland was to declare for 
 the king against the Parliament of England, and the whole of 
 Ireland was to be raised in his service. Such is the consistent 
 account of the king’s designs given by the Marquis of Antrim 
 himself to Dr. Henry Jones, Bishop of Clogher, and Henry 
 Owen, in the year 1650, to be communicated to Cromwell. 
 Tliey took down in writing all the particulars he gave during 
 an interview Avith them, for this purpose, of two days’ conti¬ 
 nuance (9th and iith of May, 1650); and he read it again, 
 signed, and confirmed it on the 22nd of August, 1650. He 
 said he communicated the king’s scheme to Lord Gor- 
 manstown and to Lord Slane, and to many in Leinster. 
 And after going into Ulster he recommended the same 
 to many there. “ But the fools” (such was his lordship’s 
 expression to us, said Jones and Owen), “well liking the 
 business, Avould not expect our time and manner of order¬ 
 ing the Avork, but fell upon it Avithout us, and sooner and 
 othei’Avise than Ave should have done, taking to themselves, 
 in their own way, the management of the work, and so spoiled 
 it.”‘ 
 
 In considering the first stage of this rebellion, and the un¬ 
 paralleled massacre supposed to be committed by the Irish, it 
 Avill be necessary to know something of the population and 
 state of Ulster at that period. 
 
 In 1619, ten years from the date of the Articles of the 
 Plantation of Ulster, an accurate Government Survey Avas 
 made of the state of every family of the Plantation. There 
 Avere not quite 2000 families in all (exact, 1974), and in these 
 
 1 The Iilarquis’s statement is given at full length in 2nd Cox’s “ Hibernia 
 Anglicana.” Appendix. Paper xlviii. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 55 
 
 6215 were between sixteen and sixty, fit to bear arms.' In 
 1633, on a similar inquiry, 13,092 were the numbers returned 
 as capable of bearing arms.^ In 1635 the Corporation of Lon¬ 
 don was Star-chambered for their neglect in not bringing 
 over English and driving out the Irish, and the city fined 
 £7 0,00c, and their lands seized into the king’s hands for this 
 bi’each of the Articles of 1609.^ Besides these Planters, the 
 greater number of whom were Scotch, there were some Eng¬ 
 lish settlers there before the Plantation. They had come thi¬ 
 ther in the end of Queen Elizabeth’s reign. In the towns there 
 were some traders and families of broken soldiers. Down 
 and Antrim were not counties of King James’s Plantation, but 
 were filled with old Scots, who had made a first lodgment 
 there in Henry VIII.’s time, and were well secured, not only 
 by their numbers, but by a frontier line of more than fifty 
 miles, of great strength. Lough Neagh was the centre, and 
 through it ran the Kiver Bann to the sea, completing the line. 
 
 In the six other counties, called the Escheated or Planted 
 Counties, the'Planters were surprised by the rising of the Irish 
 under Sir Phelim O’Neil. He seized the forts of Charlemont 
 and Mountjoy. All places of strength in the North were 
 taken, except Derry and Carrickfergus. The Planters’ cattle 
 and goods were seized, the Planters made prisoners of, or 
 forced to fly to Derry or Dublin, or to seek shelter in some 
 
 ' Survey of the Plantation of Ulster, by Captain Nicholas Pynnar and others, 
 by virtue of II. M. Commission under the Great Seal of Ireland, dated 28 De¬ 
 cember, 1618. “Ilibernica, Or some Ancient Pieces belonging to Ireland.” 
 Parti. Paper ix. 8vo. Dublin: 1770. 
 
 ^ “ State Letters of the Earl of Strafford.” Vol. i. Folio. London. 
 
 ® The judgments, as delivered by Archbishop Laud and the several members 
 of the Coui't of Star Chamber, are to be found in the MS. in Trinity College 
 Libraiy, Dublin, F. 3.17. In the Library of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, 
 (commonly called “Archbishop Marsh's Library,”) the proceedings from day 
 to day are to be found at length. 
 
56 THE CROJIWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 few Planters’ castles too strong for the rebels to take. So 
 terrified were they, that for the first three days and nights no 
 cock was heard to crow, no dog to bark, nay, not even when 
 the rebels came in great multitudes.' In Dublin, notwith¬ 
 standing its garrison, they were so awe-struck that the Castle 
 drawbridge was raised, and the Lords Justices and their 
 friends went up to the platforms of the towers of the Castle 
 to view the approach (as was expected) of the rebels.And 
 on 27th December, 1641, the unusual puling of a flock of sea 
 birds in the night air over the city for hours, that would not 
 be dispersed, though the great pieces out of the Castle were 
 shot off for that purpose, struck the inhabitants with terror, as 
 portending they knew not what dreadful evils.^ 
 
 The Lords Justices (says Ormond), were at first in great 
 fear, and temporized; but when some regiments of English 
 Avere landed in Dublin [in December, 1641], and others of 
 Scotch in Ulster, they took heart, and instigated the officers 
 and soldiers to all cruelty imaginable.^ At first, says another, 
 they were fearfully scared by a popular route of unarmed 
 clowns, so that they durst scarce peep out of their great gar¬ 
 risons of Dublin and Drogheda ; but Avhen they had dis¬ 
 covered those multitudes to be weaponless, then indeed they 
 took courage, and, rushing out with horse and foot com¬ 
 pletely armed, they slew man, woman, and child, as they 
 came under their lash, as well these that held the plough as 
 
 ■ “ Deposition of the Rev. Dr. Maxwell, Rector of Tynan, in the county of 
 Armagh.” Boiiase’s “ History of the Execrable Irish Rebellion,” p. 418. 
 
 2 Sir Richard Cox’s “ Hibernia Anglicana,” vol. ii., p. 75. 
 
 3 “ The State of Dublin and other Parts of Ireland, &c. "With a strange 
 and unheard of flocking together of several kinds of Birds over the City of 
 Dublin on Christmas Eve last.” By T. AVitcomb. 4to. London : 1642. 
 
 * “ Introduction to a Memorial about the Affairs of Ireland from 1641.” 
 Written by Lord Ormond the year before his death ; intended to precede a nar¬ 
 rative to be presented to the Queen. “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixix., p. 286. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 57 
 
 the pike, the goad as the gun.* Thousands were thus killed ; 
 and the Lords Justices were known not to favour any officer 
 that did not, upon his return from these “ birdings,” as they 
 called them, give a good account of their sport—though their 
 game was unarmed men, and too often women and children.^ 
 Sir Simon Harcourt’s was one of the two regiments that first 
 landed ; Sir Thomas Temple’s the other. “ We found the 
 town of Kinsale in their possession, on arriving from Cork” 
 (says an English gentleman), “ and they had not made an end 
 of execution upon the rebels in the church and churchyard; 
 and we heard these two great commanders crying, ‘ Down 
 with all males above thirteen years old such pitiful clamours 
 and mortal groanings I never heard before, and hope I shall 
 never hear again.In March following Sir Simon and 1500 
 men surrounded the castle of Carrickmines, close to Dublin, 
 whither some rebels had fled, but while pointing a gun was 
 himself mortally wounded. The castle being taken, the be¬ 
 siegers put man, woman, and child to death, over 260 in 
 number—and a priest, being afterwards found hidden in a 
 hogshead, they cut him as small as flesh for the pot.‘ This 
 was their own boast. Sir Simon had only just returned from 
 “ burning the Pale” south of the Boyne, where he and Lord 
 
 • “ Queries propounded by the Protestant Party concerning the Peace now 
 treated of in Ireland, and the Answers thereto made on behalf of the Irish Na¬ 
 tion,” p. 13. 4to. Paris: 1644. 
 
 2 “ A Discourse between two Counsellors of State, y' one of England and 
 the other of Ireland.” Printed at Kilkenny, December, 1642. [MS. copy.] 
 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. iv. 
 
 3 “ Good and Bad News from Ireland, or the taking of the Town of Eiinsale . 
 
 from the Rebels ...” 4to. London; 1641. [1642.] 
 
 * “ The last True News from Ireland, being, &c. Likewise the manner 
 how a great Castle called Carrickmayne (within 6 mUes of Dublin), was taken 
 by the English, and the Rebels put to death, man, woman, and child.” 4to. 
 London : 1642. 
 
58 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Ormond, by the express command of the Lords Justices, car. 
 ried (ire and sword, making no distinction between noblemen 
 and others, but burning the villages of the Irish and the houses 
 and goods of the nobility and gentry alike.* 
 
 Sir Charles Coote went into the suburbs of Dublin and the 
 county of Wicklow on like expeditions. His soldiers had 
 orders to spare no infants above a span long. And thirty 
 years after, a “ moderate cavalier” gloried in his doings :— 
 
 “ Brave Sir Charles Coote 
 I honour ; who in’s fathers steps so trod 
 As to the rebels was the scourge or rod 
 Of the Almighty. He hy good advice 
 Did kill the Nitts, that they might not grow lice.”’ 
 
 For such was the barbarity of the English soldiers to the 
 Irish, that Dr. Nalson heard a kinsman of his own, who was a 
 captain in that service, relate, that no manner of compassion 
 or discrimination was shewed to age or sex, but that little chil¬ 
 dren were promiscuously sufferers with the guilty. And that if 
 any that had some grain of compassion reprehended the sol¬ 
 diers for their unchristian inhumanity, they would scoffingly 
 reply, “ Nits will be lice.”^ Tliey deemed it treason to the 
 English interest to oppose the killing of them. An English 
 officer of quality justified his leaving the service in Ireland in 
 a printed statement in London, for that the Bishop of Meath 
 had dared, in his sermon at Christ Church, Dublin, in the pre¬ 
 sence of the State, to preach of mercy for infants. It need 
 scarce be said that he was equally indignant at the Bishop’s 
 
 ' Carte’s “ Life of James Duke of Ormond,” vol. i., p. 287. Folio. 
 
 ’ “ The Moderate Cavalier, or the Soldier’s Description of Ireland. 
 
 A Book fit for all Protestants’Houses in Ireland,” p. ii. 8vo. Printed 
 A. D. 1675. 
 
 ’ Nalson’s “ Historical Collections,” vol. ii. Introduction, p. vii. 2 vols. 
 Folio. London: 1682-1683. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 59 
 
 plea for labourers, for unarmed and unresisting men, and for 
 women.* 
 
 But these cruelties, it may be said, were in revenge for 
 the massacre of the Scotch and English in Ulster by the 
 Irish. It has been represented that there was a general mas¬ 
 sacre, surpassing the horrors of the Sicilian Vespers, the Pari¬ 
 sian Nuptials, and Matins of the Vallelline,* but nothing is 
 more false. 
 
 The English, whose conscience made them expect such 
 retribution, had often foretold the outburst of injured and 
 outraged humanity. They themselves massacred the Danes : 
 but the Irish, to use the words of an old divine, have ever 
 lacked gall to supply a wholesome animosity to the eternal 
 enemies and revilers of their name and nation.^ 
 
 ' “ An Apology made by an Engli.sh Officer of Quality for leaving the Irish 
 Wars ; declaring the design now on foot to reconcile the Irish and English, and 
 expelling the Scotch, to bring the Popish forces against the Parliament.” 4to. 
 London : 1643. 
 
 2 “ Letter from W. Basil, Esq., Attorney-General of Ireland, to the Parlia¬ 
 ment." Ordered to be printed. 4to. London: 1650. 
 
 * “ Six hundred years ago we found the native Irish murdering and pillag¬ 
 ing, burning towns, carrying off heiresses and wives, too ; and it cannot be said 
 that the leaven is quite out of them yet. A hundred years, more or less, are a 
 trifle in the cure of so deep a disease. So long as there are Ryan Pucks [the 
 latest sacrifice on the scaffold to the maintenance of the unendurable feudal land 
 monopoly], there will be stout Saxons, who, by fair means or by foul, will carry 
 tbe day, or send them to work and be honest across the ocean. We wish, of 
 course, the animal could be tamed [i. e., reduced to the serfish condition of the 
 rural population of England], and kept at home ; but it is no use wishing when 
 a whole race has an innate taste for conspiracy and manslaughter.”—“ Times,” 
 loth May, 1859. 
 
 “ The Lion of St. Jarlath’s surveys with an envious eye the Irish exodus, 
 and sighs over the departing demons of assassination and murder. So eomplete 
 is the rush of departing marauders, whose lives were profitably occupied in 
 shooting Protestants behind a hedge, that silence reigns over the vast solitude of 
 Ireland. Just as civilization gradually supersedes the wilder and fiercer crea¬ 
 tures by men and cities, so decivilization, such as is going on in Ireland, wipes 
 out mankind to make room for oxen.”—“ Saturday Review,” Nov. iSth, 1863. 
 
6o 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 The proper evidence to prove or disprove this dreadful 
 massacre are of course authentic contemporaneous docu¬ 
 ments,—not compilations of a later age, like Hume’s “ History 
 of England,” or even the ponderous pamphlets of party wri¬ 
 ters of the day, like Milton and Clarendon, strangers to Ire¬ 
 land and its transactions. 
 
 There is one document that ought to be decisive in this 
 case, and it would have been so if the English of Ireland were 
 not interested enough, and the English of England prejudiced 
 enough to propagate and perpetuate any calumny to the da¬ 
 mage of the fame and national character of the people of Ire¬ 
 land. It is the following :—Just two months after the outbreak 
 the Government issued a Commission under the Great Seal to 
 seven despoiled Protestant ministers, to take evidence upon 
 oath “ to keep up the memory of the outrages committed by 
 the Irish to posterity.” 
 
 The Commission, dated a3rd December, 1641, was, in its 
 original form, to take an account of losses. It was amended 
 on the i8th of January, 1642,' to include murders. So that 
 this was an after-thought; a thing scarce possible if there had 
 been a general massacre. The first Commission recites “ that 
 many British and Protestants have been separated from their 
 habitations, and others deprived of their goods ;” the Com¬ 
 missioners are accordingly to examine upon oath concerning 
 the amount of loss, the names of the robbers, and what traitor¬ 
 ous speeehes were uttered by the robbers or others. The 
 second adds, “ and what violence was done by the robbers, 
 and how often, and what numbers, have been murthered, or 
 have perished afterwards, on the way to Dublin or else 
 
 > See both Commissions, given in full length in the “ Remonstrance of divers 
 remarkable passages concerning the Church and Kingdom of Ireland, presented 
 to the House of Commons in England, by Doctor Henry Jones, Agent for the 
 Protestant Clergy of that Kingdom.” 4to. London ; 1642. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 6i 
 
 where.” And the remonstrance shows that the outrages, in 
 spite of the Commissioners’ attempt to present the most terrible 
 pictures, were, for the most part, only such as necessarily 
 followed the stripping the English and driving them from 
 their possessions, as these Planters had driven the Irish from 
 theirs thirty years before ; and that the murders were fewer 
 than have occurred in similar insurrections, where of course 
 some would be slain resisting the pillagers of their home¬ 
 steads. The Commissioners seem unconscious of any general 
 massacre. The min ders they record are the occurrences of 
 four months, collected from different parts of Ulster. In the 
 few instances where any numbers were slain, some of them, 
 at least, were plainly acts of war, though the Commissioners 
 would have them supposed to be cold-blooded murders, and 
 occurred late in December. So far, therefore, from warrant¬ 
 ing the supposed extensive massacre of the English, this 
 official account dlsjiroves it, and shows how baseless is Claren¬ 
 don’s story of 40,000 or 50,000 English murdered before they 
 knew where they were, or of an incredible number of men, 
 women, and children promiscuously slaughtered in ten days, 
 as he elsewhere has it; or of 154,000 or 300,000, massacred in 
 cold blood. The letters of the Lords Justices during the first 
 months of the Rebellion aie equally silent concerning any 
 massacre;' and their Proclamation of 8th February, 1642, 
 while it falsely charges the Irish with the design, says it had 
 failed.'' All the accounts of the time are full of the crowds 
 driven out, not murdered. Six thousand women and children 
 were “saved” by Captain Mervyn in Fermanagh. Great 
 numbers got safe to Derry, Coleraine, Carrickfergus, and 
 
 ■ Abstract of the Lords Justices’ Letter Book, from 1641 till 1644. “Carte 
 Papers,’’ vol. 68. No. 132. 
 
 * This Proclamation is to be found at length in Borlase’s “ History of the 
 Execrable Irish Rebellion.’’ 
 
62 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 went from these parts and other parts, to England. Several 
 thousands got safe to Dublin. In the county of Cavan there 
 were no murders. Bishop Bedel ofKilraore remained in his 
 palace unharmed, his flocks untouched, surrounded by crowds 
 of English that fled thither as to a port of safety, and lay in 
 his barns and stables, and even on hay in the churchyard.* 
 Thither fled the Bishop of Elphin and a train of Eoscommon 
 exiles, and there he enjoyed such a heaven upon earth for 
 three weehs, that he would willingly have endured another 
 Irish stripping to enjoy again such holy converse.^ For the 
 Irish never hindered these two Bishops and their poor flocks 
 from usinof their lelisious exercises,^ though their own was 
 made a crime ; and seven priests, reprieved by the king, were 
 hanged in England at this time, at the angry demand of the 
 House of Commons, simply for saying mass. In November, 
 an Irish priest arrived at Bishop Bedel’s, to conduct them to 
 Dublin. The Bishop of Elphin and the rest departed, leaving 
 Bedel and his family behind, who, with holy courage, re¬ 
 solved to stay.'* Bedel died there in February, 1642, and the 
 Irish paid him honour by firing over his grave. Flis family 
 continued there unmolested till 15th June, 1642, when they 
 joined a party of 1340 English, that by treaty with the Irish 
 were escorted safely to Sir Henry Tichborne’s garrison at 
 Drogheda.^ Of the Bishop of Elphin’s company notone mis¬ 
 carried, nor was a thread of the garments that Bedel gave the 
 
 • “Memorial of the Life and Episcopate of Dr. A. Bedel of Kilmore. By his 
 son-in-law, Alexander Clogy, Minister of Cavan.’’ Printed for the first time. 
 [Edited by A. W. Walker Wilkins.] i2mo. London: 1862. 
 
 ^ Letter of John, Bishop of Elphin, to Ormond, dated 4th May, 1682. “ Carte 
 Papers.’’ Vol. 39, p. 365. Endorsed by Ormond “ Concerning his treatment 
 on y' beginning of y' Rebellion, 1641.” 
 
 ^ Clogy, “ Life and Episcopate of Bedel.” 
 
 * Bishop of Elpbin’s letter. 
 
 ‘ Clogy. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 63 
 
 stript English touched by the rebels on their way, which the 
 bishop attributed to Bedel’s parting blessing,‘ not to the fide¬ 
 lity and care of their guide, or the humanity of the people. 
 Bedel is always represented to have died a prisoner, though 
 he was only removed for a fortnight to the neighbouring 
 Castle of Cloughoutev, by order from Kilkenny, on the ad¬ 
 vance of an English force, and then restored to his son- 
 in-law’s house. In like manner Sir Phelim O’Neil is handed 
 down by history as the murderer of Lord Caulfeild, his 
 neighbour in the country, and friend in I^arliaraent. Yet 
 he treated him and his family with great care when he sur¬ 
 prised the fort of Charlemont, on the 23rd of October, 1641 ; 
 and there Lord Caulfeild was kept until the 14th of January, 
 1642, when he was sent with an escort towards Cloughouter 
 Castle by a similar order, probably from Kilkenny, to that 
 which brought Bishop Bedel thither. They were to rest the 
 first night at Sir Phelim O’Neil’s manor of Kynard (now 
 Caledon); but as Lord Caulfeild was entering the gate, he was 
 shot in the back by Edmund O’Hugb, a foster-brother of Sir 
 Phelim, and thus murdered in the absence and wdthout the 
 knowledge of Sir Phelim. That Sir Phelim had no part in 
 this murder is certain, for he was sorely distressed at it, and had 
 O’llugh committed to Armagh jail for trial for the murder; 
 but he escaped, whereupon Sir Phelim had the sentry hanged 
 for his connivance or neglect.^ 
 
 ' Bishop of Elphin’s Letter. 
 
 2 This calumny has prevailed in spite of the contemporaiy reports of Sir 
 Phelim’s worst enemies in his favour. Thus,—from Dublin, 1641-2—“The 
 Lord Caulfeild was most barbarously murdered at Sir Phelim O'Ncale’s house, 
 where he was shot dead with a brace of bullets by a foster-brother of Sir Phelim 
 when Sir Phelim was from home. Sir Phelim O’Neale, at his return, caused his 
 foster-brother and two or three villains more to he hanged who were conspirators 
 in the death of the Lord Caulfeild.” “ A Relation of the present State and’Con¬ 
 dition of Ireland.” 4to. London: 1641-2. 
 
64 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 If then these official documents give no warrant for the 
 tale of this tremendous massacre, how, it will be asked, did it 
 arise ? 
 
 It must be remembered that the king was at Edinburgh, 
 collecting evidence against the Inviters, on the 23rd October, 
 
 1641, when the Irish of Ulster rose in arms. The Parliament 
 sent a message to the king, announcing the outbreak. The 
 king saw the handle that would be made of any delay on his 
 part in taking steps to suppress the Irish, who alleged a Koyal 
 Commission for their actings. Yet he was loth to leave 
 Edinburgh till he had completed his task. He, therefore, 
 desired the Parliament to provide for the suppressing of the 
 Irish rebels, intending, no doubt, to be soon back in London, 
 and having treated Pym and the others as they had treated 
 Strafford, to have the Parliament at his feet. On the 23rd 
 of November, 1641, he returned from Edinburgh to White¬ 
 hall, and discharo-ed the Middlesex trained bands from guard- 
 ing the Houses of Parliament, and appointed others. These 
 the Commons discharged, and ordered halberts to be brought 
 into the House for defence. On the 1st of December, 1641, 
 they presented their Grand Remonstrance ; for they knew of 
 the king’s design to cut some of them shorter by the head, 
 and they resolved to be beforehand with him, and to blemish 
 his credit before he could attack theirs. On the 3rd of January, 
 
 1642, he sent to arrest the Five Members under an indictment 
 signed with his own hand. And on the 4th of January the 
 king entered the House of Commons to arrest Pym and the 
 others, but was foiled, and soon after sullenly left Whitehall, 
 like a beast baffied in his spring, and never entered his palace 
 again until he came thither, seven years afterwards, to pass 
 through the banqueting house to the scaffold for his execu¬ 
 tion. 
 
 The king’s entering the Commons’ House was, in truth. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 65 
 
 the first stroke in the Civil War, though the king’s standard 
 was not displayed at Nottingham till 22nd of August, 1642. 
 The interval was spent by both sides in preparation. The 
 king retired towards Hull, where the arms provided for the 
 war against the Scots were deposited. The king attempted 
 to enter the town. Sir John Hotham shut the gates against 
 him. 
 
 On the 8th of April, 1642, the king sent a message to 
 Parliament, that he was resolved to go into Ireland to head his 
 army there against the Irish rebels. The Parliament intimated 
 to him by their answer, that they should consider it an abdi¬ 
 cation. They were persuaded he only intended to go thither 
 to bring his army thence into England. The Parliament had 
 now an interest in the Irish Rebellion. It kept the king’s 
 forces in Ireland; it damaged his reputation. The people 
 were encouraged to believe that he and his Popish Queen were 
 the authors of it. Above all, it gave the Parliament the 
 power to raise money and armed men. For under the pre¬ 
 tence that he had commanded them to provide for the sup¬ 
 pressing the rebels, they extorted liis assent to an Act 
 authorizing subscriptions or adventures of money for raising 
 an army, to be at the Adventurers’ command, and officered and 
 paid by them. The lands of the Irish in arms were to satisfy 
 the Adventurers for their advances, but they were not to be 
 set out to them until the Lords and Commons in Parliament 
 assembled should declare the war to be ended. The king 
 coidd, therefore, make no peace (they Insisted), nor grant any 
 pardons to the Irish ; for the effect would be, to take from the 
 Adventurers lands of the Irish. Thus, the Irish were pro¬ 
 voked to continue the war, and the king was to be prevented 
 from employing them against the Parliament. In 1643, how¬ 
 ever, the Parliament having sent Sir II. Vane into Scotland 
 to engage the Scots to advance a second time to their, aid, as 
 
66 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 they had suffered great defeats from the Cavaliers, the king 
 directed Ormond to make a truce or Cessation with the Irish, 
 and send his forces thus disengaged into England. To defeat 
 this design, the Parliaments of England and Scotland passed 
 ordinances, declaring that no quarter should be given to any 
 Irish coming from Ireland to fight in the king’s service ; and 
 to damage the king’s cause in this crisis, they encouraged the 
 most dreadful charges against theTrish. Nameless writers now 
 propagated the tale of 150,000 English massacred in Ireland 
 by the rebels ; and the story had no better authority until the 
 year 1646, when the king was about to conclude a Peace with 
 the Confederate Catholics, in order to employ their forces 
 against the Parliament. Sir John Temple, who had been im¬ 
 prisoned by Ormond in 1644, in Ireland, for betraying his 
 duty as a Privy Councillor, in spreading false news against the 
 king, but was now in London, published at this crisis his ac¬ 
 count of the Irish Rebellion. Its purpose was to obstruct the 
 Peace, and with this view it represented the Irish as the most 
 horrible of mankind. He it is that says, “ there were above 
 300,000 Protestants murdered in cold blood,” and is, therefore, 
 alleged as authority for the tale. But he immediately adds, 
 “ or destroyed in some other way, or expelled out of their 
 habitations and not in ten days after the outbreak, but from 
 the 23rd of October, 1641, to the Cessation made on the 15th 
 of September, 1643,^ two years of warfare, in which no 
 quarter was given to the Irish. So that it would be consistent 
 with this statement, that none or but few were murdered in 
 the first six months, and only a hundred in the whole course of 
 it, and all the rest only driven out. Then it is to be considered 
 that every Englishman killed by the Irish was murdered or 
 massacred. For it is the law that makeskilling murder or no 
 
 1 “ History of the Irish Rebellion.” 4to. Loudon: 1646. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 67 
 
 murder ; and it is the strongest that make the law. Thus, it 
 was no murder or massacre for Captain Swanley, in May, 
 1644, to take seventy of the king’s soldiers, being part of 150 
 sent over by Ormond by way of Milford Haven to the king’s 
 aid, and captured by Captain Swanley at sea, and to tie them 
 back to back and throw them overboard.’ For the Parliament 
 had ordained that no quarter should be given to any Irish 
 coming into England to the king’s aid. The London papers 
 made merry upon it; they said, “ Captain Swanley thus made 
 those who would not take the Covenant, take the water with 
 their heads downwards;” and that “he made trial if an Irish 
 Cavalier could swim without hands.”’’ For this good service 
 the House of Commons ordered him a chain of gold worth 
 £200.^ Nor was it murder for Colonel Mytton to do the like 
 with other soldiers of the king’s army sent by Ormond by way 
 of Chester; with this difference, that he tied Anglo-Irish and 
 Irish together.* 
 
 The Parliament of Scotland, in 1644, had passed a similar 
 ordinance against quarter, by agreement with the Parliament 
 of England. Accordingly, after the defeat of Montrose at 
 Philiphaugh, in 1649, Irish prisoners taken by his army 
 
 were massacred. But this was not all. On 23rd Decem¬ 
 ber, 1649, Scottish Parliament “ordained” that all Irish 
 soldiers and their followers in the several prisons of Selkirk, 
 Jedburgh, Glasgow, Dunbarton, and Perth, should be exe¬ 
 cuted without any assize or process, “ conform” to the treaty 
 betwixt both kingdoms passed in Act. In one day, eighty 
 
 * “ Mercurius Aulicus,” for May, 1644. 4to. London. 
 
 ^ “The Scout,” “,The Scottish Dove,” “The Weekly Account.” See “Mer¬ 
 curius Aulicus.” Ihid. 
 
 •’ Commons’ “ Journals,” vol. iii., p. 517. 
 
 ■* “ Micro-Chronicon” for August 17, 1646, in Appendix to “ Mcrcmius 
 Rusticus.” 
 
68 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 women and children, some being infants at the mother’s 
 breast, were cast over a high bridge, and in this way destroyed, 
 only for being the wives and children of Irish soldiersd But 
 this was no murder, for it was “ conform” to law. On the 
 other hand, it was murder for the Irish troops attacking a 
 castle, in 1641, to have killed any of the garrison, if they did 
 not happen to be in the pay of the state. 
 
 Baron Fovey, at the Maryborough assizes in 1665, sen¬ 
 tenced a man to death for being one of Captain Barnaby 
 Dempsey’s regiment at the siege of Ballylinan in 1641, where, 
 twenty-five years before, an English spy had been hanged by 
 order of an Irish court martial. Ten men of Captain Dempsey’s 
 regiment had been hanged the previous assizes, and fifty more 
 were to be tried at the next. Baron Povey declared from the 
 beneh that the 500 men were all guilty, and would have 
 hanged all of the regiment that suiwived,^ if Lord Ormond had 
 not stopped the proceeding. His own cousiir. Colonel Walter 
 Bagnal, had been hanged by the High Court of Justice at 
 Kilkenny, in October, 1652, for a similar act. At the approach 
 of the assizes numbers every year forsook their labours for 
 fear of prosecutions, many of them moved out of malice.^ 
 Thus, Mary Cooper, widow of Connor O’Brien, of Leimeneagh, 
 in the county of Clare, Esq., deceased, on claiming her join¬ 
 ture in the Court of Claims in 1662, was charged with murder 
 alleged to be committed in 1642, in order to defeat her claim, 
 of which she was totally ignorant and innocent. Her only 
 
 1 Napier, “ Life of Montrose,” p. 395. 8vo. Edinburgh: 1840. 
 
 2 “ Colonel John Fitzpatrick to Sir Nicholas Plunket, April 28, 1665.” 
 ‘‘ Carte Papers,” vol. xxxiv., p. too. “ Petition of Thomas Iloolahan to Ossory, 
 Lord Deputy; and Eespite of Execution, 18 March, 1665.” Ibid., vol. lx., 
 p. 327. “King’s Letter to Lord Deputy to stay prosecutions, as a Bill of Obli¬ 
 vion is under consideration. May 26th, 1665.” Ibid., vol. xliii., p. 243. 
 
 2 “ Ormond, Lord Lieutenant, to the Lord Deputy and Council of Ireland.” 
 Dated London, April 29, 1665. Ibid., vol. xlviii., p. 131. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 69 
 
 safety was the king’s pardon, whieh recites these facts as the 
 ground of it.^ And Philip Purcell, of Ballyfoyle, in the county 
 of Kilkenny, because he claimed his estate before the Com¬ 
 missioners, was imprisoned on a charge of murder on the in¬ 
 formation of some “ fanatics” that were in possession, and con¬ 
 spired to deprive him of his life. He, therefore, prayed that 
 he might be bailed, and his trial postponed to the summer 
 assizes, by which time, he doubted not, the Old Protestant 
 interest would be so settled as he might not distrust of ob¬ 
 taining an indifferent jury.^ 
 
 The king, therefore, in 1665, ordered the Attorney- 
 General to see that his subjects should not prosecute any suits 
 against the Irish for wrongs done in 1641, but the Commons of 
 England prayed him to revoke the order. The Act of Obli¬ 
 vion, passed by the English Parliament in 1660, covered all 
 the acts of the Protestants of Ireland, but none ever passed 
 for the Irish, though expressly promised. So that acts 
 of war are to this day counted against the Irish as mur¬ 
 ders, while massacres by the English or Scotch are sup¬ 
 pressed. Thus, Newry surrendered to Marshal Conway and 
 General IMunro, the commanders of the joint English and 
 Scottish armies, on 4th IMay, 1642, on quarter for life. Yet 
 forty of the townsmen were put to death next day on the 
 bridge, and amongst them “two of the Pope’s Pedlars” (so 
 they called two seminary priests) ; and the Scotch soldiers, 
 finding a crowd of Irish women and children hiding under 
 the bridge, took some eighteen of tirewomen, and striptthem 
 naked, and threw them ■ into the river and drowned them, 
 shooting them in the water ; and more had sufiered so, but 
 
 ' “ King’s Letter.” Dated August 9th, 1662. “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixii., 
 p. 369. 
 
 * “ Ilis Petition to the Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant,” 4th Jan. 1661-2. 
 Ibid., vol. xxxvii., p. 465. 
 
70 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 that Sir James Turner, in command under General Munro, 
 galloped up and stopped his men. They were only copying, 
 he says, the cruel example set them by the English under 
 Conway’s command. If it was intended to terrify the Irish, he 
 adds, it failed; for in revenge they put some ministers, pri¬ 
 soners in their hands, to death.' All this was published in 
 London in “A True Relation of the Proceedings of the Scots 
 and English Forces in the North of Ireland in 1642.” The 
 Parliament ordered (June 8, 1642), the book to be burned, 
 not as false, but as scandalous and to the dishonour of the 
 Scots nation, and the printer to be imprisoned.^ The Confe¬ 
 derate Catholics printed, in 1643, ^ collection of the murders 
 done upon the Irish by the English. The book was burnt at 
 Dublin on 26th June, 1660, by order of the Lord Lieutenant 
 and Council;® and on 7th July, 1663, Patrick Rooth, a poor 
 sailor, was imprisoned for selling itJ 
 
 One work out of many written at the time in defence of 
 the Irish, and thus destroyed, has survived. It seems to be 
 a reprint at Kilkenny, in December, 1642, of a work published 
 in London, in the form of a discourse between a Privy Coun¬ 
 cillor of Ireland and one of the Council of England. The 
 Privy Councillor of Ireland treats of the causes of the Insur¬ 
 rection, taking up Irish grievances from the Earl of Strafford’s 
 government in 1633, and touches towards the end upon the 
 collection of outrages by the seven despoiled ministers, called 
 the Remonstrance, which was published in the month of April, 
 
 1 “ Memoirs of his own Life and Times.” By Sir James Turner, 1632-1670, 
 p. 19. 4to. Printed at Edinburgh, 1829. 
 
 2 “Commons’ Journals for 8th June, 1642,” vol. ii., p. 619. 
 
 ’ “Brief Occurrences touching Ireland, begun the 25th March, 1661.” 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixiv., p. 442. 
 
 * “ Petition of Patrick Booth, of the City of Dublin, Seaman, with the Order 
 for hearing before the Council.” Ibid, vol. lx., p. 377. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 71 
 
 1642.* He does not confute the massacre, only because none 
 is charged. His complaint is, that they have given an exag¬ 
 gerated account of murders and outrages. “ Doubtless the 
 Irish did, in many places,” he says, “ kill men resisting them 
 in their pillaging; but the report of their killing women, or 
 men desiring quarter, and such like inhumanities, were inven¬ 
 tions to draw contributions, and make the enemy odious. 
 But sure I am (he continues) that there was no such thing 
 done while I was there in Ireland about six months after these 
 sturres began. And though unarmed, men women, and chil¬ 
 dren were killed in thousands by command ofthe Lords Justices, 
 the Irish sent multitudes of our people, both before and since 
 these cruelties done, as well officers and soldiers as women 
 and children, carefully conveyed, to the seaports and other 
 places of safety ; so let us call them what we will—bloody in¬ 
 human traitors, or barbarous rebels—we have suffered our¬ 
 selves to be much exceeded by them in charity, humanity, 
 and honour.” To hear the English complain of massacre in 
 Ireland is about as entertaining as it proved to the Khegians 
 to hear the Carthaginians complain of anything effected by 
 guile.^ For it was only victory that decided, with her usual 
 contempt for justice, that the Irish, and not the English, 
 should be noted to the world for massacre. 
 
 * “ A Discourse between two Councellors of State, tho one of England, and 
 the other of Ireland. Printed at Kilkenny the loth of December, mdcxlii.” 
 Copy in MS. “Carte Papers,” vol. iv.. No. 54. 
 
 ’ Plutarch, “Life of Timoleon.” 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 72 
 
 CHAPTEK III. 
 
 SCHEME FOR A LAST AND PERMANENT CONQUEST OF IRELAND BY 
 PLANTATION, THROUGH A SOCIETY OF ADVENTURERS. 
 
 According to the scheme of the Parliament for suppressing the 
 Irish Rebellion, 2,500,000 acres of Irish lands to be forfeited, 
 were offered as security to those who should advance moneys 
 towards raising and paying a private army for subduing the 
 rebels in Ireland.* The moneys, instead of being paid into the 
 King’s exchequer, were to be paid to a committee, composed 
 half of members of the House of Commons, and half of subscri¬ 
 bers to this joint fund, who were to nominate the general and 
 the officers, the king having nothing to say to the force but to 
 sign the officers’ commissions. All the Irish saw that this 
 army of Adventurers were coming, like the first invaders un¬ 
 der Strongbow, to conquer estates for themselves and their 
 employers, and therefore could not but oppose them for the 
 sake of their wives and children, who must be deprived of 
 their homes. They must therefore fight against England, 
 thus represented, and the king be deprived of their aid. The 
 
 ‘ “ Petition of divers welL affected to the House of Commons, offering to 
 raise and maintain forces on their own charge against the rebels of Ireland, and 
 afterwards to receive their recompense out of the rehells estates,” Feh. 11, 1642, 
 P- 553 i 4th Rushworth’s Collections ; Act for the speedy reducing of the Eehels 
 in Ireland, i6 Charles I. [English], 0. 33. 
 
 “ The Adventurers, with their moneys raised under the Act, were to have 
 carried over a brigade of 5000 foot and 500 horse into Mrmster against the 
 rebels, which business they were to have carried on by officers chosen by them¬ 
 selves, whereby they had the oversight of that business, and laying out their 
 own money for the best advantage of the service.”—Reasons of the Committee 
 of Adventurers for refusing to lend moneys on the Ordinance of 15th August, 
 1645. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 73 
 
 king objected to the Act; it took away from him the power 
 of pardoning the Irish; and he suggested that it must only 
 render them desperate, which in truth was the very purpose 
 of the Parliament, but he dared not refuse his assent.* The 
 measure was received in England as a triumph over the king 
 and the Irish. The subscribers, or Adventurers as they were 
 called, were to have estates and manors of looo acres given 
 to them in Ireland at the following low rates :—In Ulster for 
 £ 200 , in Connaught for £300, in Munster for £450, and in 
 Leinster for £600, and lands proportionably for less sums. 
 The rates by the acre were four shillings in Ulster, six shil¬ 
 lings in Connaught, eight shillings in Munster, and twelve 
 shillings in Leinster. 
 
 If this plan were carried out, it was to put an end for ever, 
 according to Sir J ohn Bulstrode Whitelock, the Speaker of 
 the House of Commons, to that long and bloody conflict fore¬ 
 told (with so much truth) by Giraldus Cambrensis.^ Accord¬ 
 ing to another, it would bring in such sums of money (which 
 are the sinews of war) as would bring the war to a speedy end; 
 the more certainly as many of the officers of the force w’ould 
 themselves become Adventurers, and thus, in the language of 
 Sallust describing the soldiers of Catiline, they would carry 
 fortune, honour, glory, and riches at their swords’ points. 
 The work of Queen Elizabeth and James the First, it was 
 said, would now be perfected. The Irish would be rooted 
 out by a new and overwhelming plantation of English : 
 another England would speedily be found in Ireland, and 
 that prophecy as old as the invasion^ be proved false, that 
 
 ' 557; iWd. 
 
 2 “ Spcoch at a Conference between tlie Lords and Commons on i3tb Fe¬ 
 bruary, 1641-2, concerning tbe Proposition of divers Gentlemen, &c., for tbe 
 speedy Reducing,” &c. Small4to. London: 1642. 
 
 3 Giraldus Cambrensis. B. ii., cb. 33. 
 
74 
 
 THF, CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Ireland will not be conquered till just before the day of 
 judgmentd 
 
 The Adventurers had their private army of 5000 foot and 
 500 horse at Bristol, under the orders of Lord Wharton, ready 
 for the invasion of Munster, in the summer of 1642. But the 
 conflict between the king and Parliament growing embittered, 
 he delayed the giving the commissions for the officers; ^ and 
 the civil war having broken out, the Parliament directed 
 Lord Wharton and his foi’ce to march against the king; and 
 on the 23rd October, 1642 (the first anniversary of the Irish 
 rebellion), they were defeated at the battle of Edge Hill, with 
 the rest of the English rebels. The Adventurers finding that 
 the funds they had raised to conquer lands in Ireland were 
 thus misused by the Parliament, it was difficult to obtain 
 further subscriptions, though the measure of land was en¬ 
 larged to the Irish standard, and afterwards doubled for any 
 Adventurer that would pay in a sum equal to a fourth of his 
 original subscription. But the conflict in England prevented 
 any forces from coming thence for seven years, except a short 
 buccaneering expedition of the Adventurers to the coasts of 
 Munster, under Lord Forbes, in July, 1642- This was a force 
 raised by them under an Ordinance of the House of Commons 
 which accepted their proposals (on 14th April, 1642) to sub¬ 
 scribe £20,000, to raise six or seven ships and 1200 men, to 
 be repaid like other adventures by the lands of the Irish.’ 
 The Adventurers stipulated for the naming of the officers, 
 the hanging and shooting of rebels, and the keeping of what 
 
 ’ “Fidelity, Valour, and Obedience, of the English declared, and a de¬ 
 sire that the present forces now ready to bicker here in England, may be turned 
 against the barbarous Irish rebels. By Walter Meredith, Gent.” Small 4to. 
 London: 1642. 
 
 2 4th “ Rushworth’s Collections,” p. 776. 
 
 ’ Ordinance for the Sea Service, 14th April, 1642. Hughes’ “Abridgment 
 of all the Acts and Ordinances,” &c. 4to. London. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 75 
 
 castles they took, and for the dividing amongst them of all the 
 spoil. They had no settled service, but were to make waste 
 and havoc. They landed 1200 men at Kinsale, and wasted 
 the neighbourhood, but were beaten back. They thence 
 sailed round to Gralway. There Lord Forbes broke the truce 
 made by Lord Clanricard, got possession of St. Mary’s Church, 
 dug up the graves, and burnt the coffins and bones of the 
 dead, and required the citizens to sign a submission, express¬ 
 ing their belief that there was no other means of saving them 
 from extirpation and banishment. He quitted Galway on 
 loth September, and on his way back to England entered the 
 Limerick river, spoiling mansions on the river side.* It was 
 not, therefore, until they had put a conclusion to their strife by 
 cutting off the king’s head and, dethroning the dynasty, that 
 Cromwell, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and general-in-chief 
 of the Commonwealth armies, landed at Kingsend, near Dub¬ 
 lin, on the 14th August, 1649, order to carry on the war 
 in Ireland. He remained there for nearly nine months, being 
 called back to England on the 29th May, 1650, just after the 
 capture of Clonmel. 
 
 The war lasted more than two years longer; for it was 
 only on the 27th September, 1653, that the Parliament were 
 enabled to declare the rebellion subdued, and the war appeased 
 and ended.^ 
 
 THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE IRISH WAR, AND THE TERMS 
 OFFERED TO THE IRISH. 
 
 Spenser has described the English method of war in Ire¬ 
 land. He was an eye-witness of the measures pursued by his 
 master and patron. Lord Grey de Wilton, to subdue Munster, 
 
 ’ Cai te “ Life of Ormond,” voL i., p. 346. 
 
 s “ Ordinance for the Satisfaction of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, 
 and the Arrears due to the Soldiery there, 27th September, 1653.”—Scobell, 
 “ Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
76 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 in 1580. By this method a most populous and plentiful coun¬ 
 try, he says, was suddenly left void of man and beast, so that 
 (to use the language of the Irish Annalists) the lowing of a 
 cow nor the voice of a herdsman was not heard from Dunquin, 
 in Kerry, to Cashel in Munster.' It consisted in so placing 
 garrisons as to confine the Irish to some narrow fastnesses. 
 The English then destroyed the cattle and growing crops in 
 the neighbourhood, and removed away or spoiled all those 
 that bordered on those parts, that the enemy might find no 
 succour ; and the Irish being closely penned up, and their 
 cattle prevented from running abroad, they were soon con¬ 
 sumed, and the people starved,^ “In one year and a half,” says 
 Spenser, “ tliey were brought to such wretchedness, as any 
 stony heart would have rued the sight. Out of every corner 
 of the woods and glynns they came forth on their hands, for 
 their legs could not bear them,—they looked like anatomies 
 of death, and spoke like ghosts crying out of the grave ; they 
 flocked to a plot of water-cresses as to a feast, though it 
 afforded them small nourishment, and ate dead carrion, happy 
 when they could find it, and soon after scraped the very 
 carcases out of the graves.”^ Yet this gentle poet only de¬ 
 scribes this Avarfare, and all its horrors, in order to recom¬ 
 mend it for adoption by the Earl of Essex in the war then on 
 foot against Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone ; and suggested that 
 Ulster and Connaught should be thus wasted, and that (to use 
 his own words), after once entering into the course of reform, 
 there be afterwards no remorse or draAving back for the sight 
 of any such rueful objects.^ Essex, however, did not carry out 
 
 * “ Anaalsof the Four Masters," at the year 1582. 
 
 2 “ View of the State of Ireland, written dialoguewise between Eudoxus 
 and Irenseus, by Edmund Spenser, Esq., in the Year 1596,’’ p. 526, yoI. i. of 
 “ Collection of Tracts and Treatises illustrative of Ireland.” 2 vols. 8vo. 
 Alexander Thom. Dublin: i860. 
 
 3 Ibid. 
 
 < Ibid., p. 531. 
 
OF IHELAND. 
 
 77 
 
 this ruthless plan; but Lord Mountjoy, who superseded him, 
 did, burning the houses and destroying the corn and cattle, 
 till the dead lay unburied in the fields in thousands^ 
 
 Carrion and corpses became the food of the survivors; 
 and, more horrible still, children were killed and eaten, and 
 the poor wretches who killed them were tried and hanged for 
 it by those that drove them to such horrors.”'* Archbishop 
 Ussher, who was ordained on the very day that Tyrone’s war 
 was ended by the defeat of the Irish and Spaniards at Kinsale, 
 and therefore speaks of what was within his own knowledge, 
 relates how women were known to lie in wait, and to rush 
 out, like famished wolves, upon a rider, to drag him from his 
 saddle, and to seize and devour the horse.® And Dean Bar¬ 
 nard, his biographer and chaplain, who guarded his master's 
 library at Drogheda during its long siege by the Irish in 1641 
 and 1642, says, the inhabitants being all destroyed by the 
 English garrison for fifteen miles round, and the dogs only 
 surviving, they fed on their masters’ dead bodies, and had 
 become so dangerous for passengers that the soldiers were 
 careful to kill them also.^ The war in Ireland in 1650 was 
 of the same nature ; but the resistance was more general; 
 for the ancient English, and all the towns, who were upon 
 the Queen’s side in Tyrone’s, and all former wars, were now 
 united with the Irish. The process consequently was longer, 
 because the English forces were comparatively fewer : the 
 methods were the same. It may seem strange to hear counted 
 as military weapons issued from the store at Waterford, 
 among swords, pikes, powder, shot, bandaliers and match, 
 
 ' Fynes Morison’s “ Itineraryand “ The History of Hugh O’Neil, Earl 
 of Tyrone’s, Rebellion, and its Suppression,” p. 237. Folio. London: 1617. 
 
 ^ Idem , p. 271. 
 
 Life of Primate Ussher,” by Dean Barnard, p. 67. 12010. London: 1636. 
 
 ^ “ Dean Barnard’s Siege of Drogheda.” 
 
78 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ eighteen dozen of scythes with handles and rings, forty 
 reape hooks, and whetstones and rubstones proportional;”* 
 but with these the soldiers cut down the growing crop, in 
 order to starve the Irish into submission.^ 
 
 Not less strange is it to hear of the Bible being served 
 out of store, with their other ammunition, to the army. Yet 
 we find Bibles issued on 3rd August, 1652, by the Commis¬ 
 sary of Stores to the several companies of foot and troops of 
 horse within the precinct of Dublin, according to muster, one 
 Bible to every file f and on the 17th of the same, 100 Bibles 
 for the use of the forces within the precinct of Galway, for 
 the propagation of the Gospel; and the several Commissaries 
 of Musters were to see the Bibles regularly mustered and ac¬ 
 counted for by the officer commanding each troop and com¬ 
 pany.^ Thus realizing literally Sir John Clot worthy’s decla¬ 
 ration, made a few years before, that religion must be 
 propagated in Ireland with the Bible in one hand, and the 
 sword in the other. For, 
 
 “ Here, in the saddle of one steed. 
 
 The Saracen and Christian rid: 
 
 "Was free of every spiritual order, 
 
 To preach and fight, and pray and murder.” 
 
 And truly they had no bloodier instrument than the Bible 
 in all their arsenal of war. 
 
 'j,' P' 
 
 ^ “Dublin, ist July, 1650.—Last Monday, Colonel Hewson, with a con¬ 
 siderable body from hence, marched into Wicklow. Colonel Hewson doth now 
 intend to make use of scythes and sickles that were sent over in 1649, with 
 which they intend to cut dowm the corn growing in those parts which the enemy 
 is to live upon in the winter time, and thereby, for want of bread and cattle, 
 the Tories may be left destitute of provisions, and so forced to submit and quit 
 those places.—Dublin, ist July, 1651.”—Letter of the Commissioners for Ire- 
 land to the Parliament, —, p. 7, 
 
 A 
 
 3 -, p. 224. 
 
 2 
 
 ‘ Ibid., p. 304. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 79 
 
 On the Ist January, 1651-2, the Parliament (so the Commis¬ 
 sioners report) had in Ireland an army of 30,000 men ; but they 
 had 350 garrisons and military posts to maintain, and 100 more 
 to plant; while the Irish had an equal number of men, all of 
 them, except those in their towns and garrisons in Connaught, 
 in woods, bogs, and other fastnesses of the greatest advantage 
 to them, and from which there was no dislodging them. They 
 describe the country as almost everywhere interlaced with 
 great bogs, with firm woody grounds like islands in the middle, 
 approached by a narrow pass where only one horse could go 
 abreast, easily broken up, so as no horse could attack them ; 
 but in and out the Irish could pass over the wet and quak¬ 
 ing bog by ways known only to themselves, whereby they 
 could attack or escape at pleasure. To place garrisons near 
 their fastnesses, to lay waste the adjacent country, allowing 
 none to inhabit there on pain of death, was the course taken to 
 subdue the Irish.* The consequence was, that the country was 
 reduced to a howling wilderness. In his circuitous march from 
 Waterford to the siege of Limerick, in November, 1650—a dis¬ 
 tance, he says, of 150 Irish miles—Ireton passed through dis¬ 
 tricts of thirty miles together, with hardly a house or any liv¬ 
 ing creature to be seen, only ruins and desolation in a plain 
 and pleasant land.^ Three-fourths of the stock of cattle were 
 destroyed. In 1653, cattle had to be imported from Wales 
 into Dublin p it required a license to kill lamb. Mrs. Alice 
 Bulkeley, widow, oniythMarch, 1652, “in consideration of her 
 
 ' “ Some particulars humbly ofifered to consideration, in order to the breaking 
 of the enemy’s strength, and lessening the charge of England in managing the 
 affairs of Ireland. Commissioners for Ireland to the Council of State in Eng¬ 
 land, dated i January, 1652.” —, p. 288. 
 
 2 “ Mercur. Polit.,” p. 313. 
 
 3 Petty’s “ Political Anatomy of Ireland,” 1672, vol. ii., p. 26. “ Tracts and 
 Treatises on Ireland.” Alexander Thom, Dublin ; i860. 
 
8o 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 ould age and weakness of body,” was licensed to kill and 
 dress, notwithstanding the Declaration of the Commissioners 
 for the Affairs of Ireland, so much lamb as should be necessary 
 for her own use and eating, not exceeding three lambs for that 
 whole year.^ Tillage had ceased : the English themselves were 
 near starving. Soldiers and officers were encouraged, there¬ 
 fore, to till the lands round their posts,^ and such of the Irish 
 not in arms as would come down from their fastnesses and raise 
 crops within the line of a garrison, until the Parliament of Eng¬ 
 land should declare their intentions towards the Irish nation, 
 were proiuised the benefit of their tillage.® The revenue from 
 all sources, even in 1654, did not amount to £200,000 (exact, 
 £198,000). The cost of the army exceeded £500,000.'’ It 
 became important, therefore, to come to some terms with the 
 Irish. The Commissioners for Ireland reported that the natives 
 were of opinion that the Parliament intended them no mercy. 
 At length, on 12th May, 1652, the Leinster army of the Irish 
 surrendered on terms signed at Kilkenny,® which were adopted 
 
 , A 
 
 2 "Waste and untenanted lands to be let to officers and soldiers of the garri¬ 
 son for five years, from 25tb March, 165 3, at reasonable rents, free of contribu¬ 
 tion, on condition that they till and manure, and sow one-thii'd of arable land 
 with corn, and occupy. — , p. 12. 
 
 o 2 
 
 ® “ The stock of cattle in this country are almost spent, so that above four 
 parts in five of the best and most fertile lands in Ireland lye waste and uninha¬ 
 bited, which threatens great scarcity here; for prevention whereof, declarations 
 have been issued forth for encouragement of the Irish to till their lands, promis¬ 
 ing them the enjoyment of their crop, as also for enforcing those that are re¬ 
 moved to the mountains to return. Dublin, i July, 1651. Commissioners for 
 
 Ireland to the Council of State in England.” —, p. 12. 
 
 2 
 
 i “ Memoir on the Mapped Surveys of Ireland from 1640 to 1688, remaining 
 in the late Auditor-General for Ireland’s Office,” by W. H. Hardinge, “ Trans¬ 
 actions of the Eoyal Irish Academy” for 1862, p. 7. 
 
 A 
 
 5 — 
 
 90’ 
 
 p. 103. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 8l 
 
 successively by the other principal armies between that time 
 and the September following, when the Ulster forces surren¬ 
 dered. By these Kilkenny articles, all except those who were 
 guilty of the first blood, were received into protection, on laying 
 down their arms ; those who should not be satisfied with the 
 conclusions the Parliament might come to concerning the Irish 
 nation, and should desire to transport themselves with their 
 men to serve any foreign state in amity with the Parliament, 
 should have liberty to treat with their agents for that purpose. 
 But the Commissioners undertook faithfully and really to me¬ 
 diate with the Parliament to their utmost endeavours, that they 
 might enjoy such a remnant of their lands as might make their 
 lives comfortable who lived amongst them, or for the mainte¬ 
 nance of the families of such of them as should go beyond seas. 
 
 SCHEMES FOR THE NEW PLANTING OF IRELAND. 
 
 Under this destructive system of war, the country was be¬ 
 coming a waste, without cattle, and without inhabitants. The 
 taxation to support the army was continually increasing on 
 the parts of the country under protection, and amounted to 
 double the rent in the former times of peace. Soldiers who had 
 taken farms were throwing them up.* The Irish under pro- 
 
 < 11 January, 1653. On reading the petition of the inhabitants of the barony 
 of Shilelogher, in the county of Kilkenny, complaining of the assessment, the 
 Commissioners of Revenue were directed, if they found that the persons who 
 took waste lands in the said barony have deserted them, they are to compel such 
 persons to stand to their agreements, and the rents and contributions payable by 
 such persons to be allowed to the petitioners for the better enabling them to pay 
 their monthly contribution [i. e. a like amount to be deducted from the monthly 
 assessment of the barony, as the parties deserting their holdings ought to have 
 
 paid]. —» P- 
 
 o2 
 
 7 January, 1635. On reading the petition of the inhabitants of the barony of 
 Cranagh, in the county of Kilkenny, ordered, if it be true, as is suggested, that 
 many have thrown up their farms which they had taken, casting them as a 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 tectiou were quitting the English quarters with their cattle, un¬ 
 able to endure the grinding taxation, and flying to the moun¬ 
 tains again; and the charge to be supplied from England 
 was continually increasing. There was only one remedy for 
 these evils—to plant and inhabit the country, and reduce the 
 army. 
 
 The officers of the army were eager to take Irish lands in 
 lieu of their arrears,' though it does not appear that the com¬ 
 mon soldiers were, who had small debentures and no capital, 
 and no chance of founding families and leaving estates to their 
 posterity. But the Adventurers must be first settled with, as 
 they had a claim to about one million of acres, to satisfy the 
 sums advanced for putting down the rebellion on the faith 
 of the Act of 17 Charles I. (A. D. 1642), and subsequent Acts 
 and Ordinances, commonly called “The Acts of Subscription.” 
 By these, lands for the Adventurers must be first ascertained, 
 before the rest of the country could be free for disposal by 
 the Parliament to the army. 
 
 Pressed with these considerations, the Commissioners for 
 Ireland, on the ist of January, 1652, proposed to the Council 
 of State in England, that the Adventurers should cast lots for 
 their lands presently, notwithstanding the war was not over; 
 and they suggested that four allotments, one in each province, 
 amply sufficient to pay the Adventurers, should be made, and 
 that they should then cast lots to ascertain in which of them 
 their proportions should be fixed ; the first lot to consist of the 
 counties of Limerick, Kerry, and Clare inMunster; and Galway 
 in Connaught; the second, ofthecounties of Kilkenny, Wexford, 
 
 burthen upon the said barony, that such persons stand to their bargains, and dis- 
 
 charge the rents and duties falling on their holdings. —, p. 523. 
 
 82 
 
 ' “ Some proposals humbly offered by a General Council of officers to the 
 General and Commissioners of Parliament. 22 October, 1632.” Ib., p. 47. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 Wicklow, and Carlow, in Leinster; the third, of the counties 
 of Westmeath and Longford in Leinster, and Cavan and Mo¬ 
 naghan in Ulster ; the fourth of the counties of Fermanagh 
 and Donegal in Ulster, and Leitrim and Sligo in Connaught.* 
 By which it appears, that they had not as yet determined on 
 the transplantation of the Irish to Connaught, but still adhered 
 to the plan of the Adventurers’ Act, that the lands should be 
 taken equally out of the four provinces. They also proposed 
 that the soldiers should have land in their quarters, as well for 
 their arrears as in lieu (for part at least) of their present pay. 
 They would thus be encouraged to follow husbandry, and to 
 maintain their own interest as well as that of the Common¬ 
 wealth.* The Adventurers, therefore, were directed on 30th 
 January, 1652, to attend the Committee of Parliament sitting 
 m the Speaker’s Chamber at Westminster, and propose a form 
 of speedy plantation. 
 
 The Adventurers had been very urgent during the whole 
 course of the war for lands to be set out to them. In 1645, they 
 demanded to be put in possession of the houses belonging to 
 the Irish in Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, with lands adjacent, 
 and to be given other lands in Munster as they should be con¬ 
 quered from the rebels.* On 12th of May, 1652, the Com¬ 
 mittee of Parliament offered to move the House to have lands 
 set out to them in Leinster and Munster to satisfy their ad¬ 
 ventures, if they would undertake to fully plant their propor¬ 
 tions within three years from the 29th of September following, 
 with Protestants of any nation (saving Irish). They should 
 also have forfeited houses in seaports and walled towns at 
 
 ' —) P 29°- ’ —. P- 289. 
 
 * P. II, “Reasons offered by a Committee of Adventurers for refusing to 
 lend Moneys on the Ordinance of 15th August, 1645, for raising Moneys for 
 Ireland for six months from November, 1645." Small 4to. London, 
 
84 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 easy rates on leases for years.* Now they declared, if the Par¬ 
 liament insisted on a speedy plantation, they were undone, 
 The war was not over—people feared the Tories. No plan 
 was proposed for their security. The Irish were to be re¬ 
 moved. Men were hard to be got in England for tenants and 
 labourers, as they saw that the government would have to 
 give people land in Ireland for nothing, as there must be many 
 millions of acres still left after satisfying the Adventurers and 
 soldiers, which must be waste and untenanted, unless given 
 away to prevent them from being reoccupied by the Irish. 
 That labourers were scarce, by reason of the many forests 
 and chaces lately disafforested in England, and then under 
 improvement. There were many eminent persons, as the Earl 
 of Cork and others, even in Munster, owners of estates not 
 forfeited, but still desolated, who must replant them, and 
 would outbid the Adventurers, unless they had good terms.^ 
 They accordingly demanded to be paid in lands, in such parts 
 of Munster, Kilkenny, and (if need be) in other parts of Lein¬ 
 ster most contiguous, as they should choose ; that they should 
 have the city of Waterford, and such towns as they should 
 point out, preserved for them ; that they should be well 
 guarded. 
 
 But they refused to be put under conditions to plant in any 
 limited time, and demanded that they -should be free of taxes 
 while planting. The lands, they said, were their own by dear 
 purchase. As the counties were laid out, they could not plant 
 together. Houses in towns they hoped to enjoy in fee,—not 
 for years. They dared not build in that land of desolation till 
 the Tories should be destroyed.® Unless they should be greatly 
 favoured, they must be forced to plant on such terms that the 
 
 * “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixx., p. 256. 
 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixx., p. 235. 
 
 3 Ibid., p. 257. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 8^ 
 
 labourers would grow rich, and the Adventurers poor, as many 
 did in New England. And if the first Adventurers should 
 prove unsuccessful, it might cast such a damp upon the spirits 
 of others, like a dismal discomfit in the beginning of a battle, 
 as they would hardly be brought on again on any conditions.* 
 
 The government, however, still pressed for a speedy 
 plantation. They wished to limit them to three years, and 
 the lands not then planted and inhabited to be forfeited. 
 To which the Adventurers gave for final answer, that it 
 Avould take 40,000 labourers and their families to execute 
 such a work, for whom no housing was provided, no guards 
 against Tories, and that to attempt it would be to destroy the 
 plantation.“ 
 
 The officers of the army were at the same time urging 
 that the army should have lands set out to them forthwith for 
 their arrears. There was no way of preventing a further in¬ 
 crease of the charge that weighed upon England, but by 
 planting the country, and reducing the forces by degrees, and 
 with as much speed as might be consistent with safety. And 
 they proposed that one or more counties should be allotted to 
 the Adventurers, adequate to their demands, and others to 
 the army, that so the planting by the Adventurers and by the 
 gradually disbanding army might go on together. As the 
 utmost speed was necessary for the relief of England, they 
 proposed that the army should have lands for their arrears at 
 the same rates as they were given by the Act of 1642 to the 
 Adventurers, called the Act rates, namely, lands in Leinster 
 at 125. per acre; in Munster, at 8s.; in Connaught, at 6s.; 
 
 ' Proposals of the Adventurers, dated .April 5, 1652. Carte MSS., Bodleian 
 I.ibrary, “ Ireland,” vol. x., pp. 230-236. 
 
 2 “ Adventurers’ remarks upon the Proposals of the Committee of Parliament 
 for the Planting of Ireland, sitting in the Speaker’s Chamber, 23rd December, 
 1652." Ib., p. 257. 
 
86 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 and In Ulster, at 4s. To value the several estates and farms in a 
 convenient time, would require more fit valuers than could 
 he found, would cost more than the revenue could bear, and 
 the army and its pay (drawn from England) must continue. 
 Moreover, it would be a very uncertain valuation, the lands 
 being in many places waste, the inhabitants destroyed or 
 gone, so as there were none to give evidence of the value 
 when they were inhabited. And, lastly, the Ordinance of the 
 year 1643, allowing officers of the army to become Adven¬ 
 turers to the extent of their pay on the same terms as the 
 Adventurers, was a precedent for paying the whole army their 
 arrears now at the Act rates.* On 23rd December, 1652, 
 pursuant to this reasoning, the Committee of Parliament 
 reported to the House that the ten counties after mentioned 
 should be set out between the Adventurers and Soldiers, at 
 the same rates to soldiers as Adventurers; the soldiers’ pro¬ 
 portions to be measured out to them according to the number 
 of acres, and not according to the yearly value. The private 
 soldiers, troopers, and non-commissioned officers to have their 
 lots at the same rates as Adventurers ; all lieutenants of horse 
 and foot, cornets, ensigns, and quarter-masters at two-thirds 
 of the same rates ; all captains, and officers above that degree, 
 at half those rates, as encouragement plainly to the rank and 
 file of the army to plant. With the same view, if any private 
 soldier of horse or foot should desire to have an allowance 
 in gross for his arrears, the Committee suggested that he 
 should have ten acres of land for every year of his service.’* 
 
 DEPARTURE OF THE SWORDMEN FOR SPAIN. 
 
 But one of the first steps towards planting was to get rid 
 of the disbanded Irish soldiery. Foreign nations were ap- 
 
 A 
 
 * 39 '. 
 
 2 “ Carte Papers.” Vol. lx.-?., p. 253. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 87 
 
 prised by the Kilkenny Articles that the Irish were to be 
 allowed to engage in the service of any state in amity with 
 the Commonwealth, The valour of the Irish soldier was well 
 known abroad. From the time of the Munster Plantation by 
 Queen Elizabeth, numerous exiles had taken service in the 
 Spanish army. There were Irish regiments serving in the Low 
 Countries. The Prince of Orange declared they were born 
 soldiers ;* and Henry IV. of France publicly called Hugh 
 O’Neil the third soldier of the age,^ and he said there was no 
 nation made better troops than the Irish when drilled. Sir 
 John Norris, who had served in many countries, said he knew 
 no nation where there were so few fools or cowards. Agents 
 from the King of Spain, the King of Poland, and the Prince de 
 Conde, were now contending for the services of Irish troops. 
 Don Ricardo White, in May, 1652, shipped 7000 in batches 
 from Waterford, Kinsale, Galway, Limerick, and Bantry, for 
 the King of Spain.^ Colonel Christopher Mayo got liberty 
 in September, 1652, to beat his drums to raise 3000 for the 
 same king.* Lord Muskerry took 5000 to the King of 
 
 ’ “ There lives not a people more hardy, active, and painful,. 
 
 neither is there any will endure the miseries of warre, ns famine, watching, 
 heat, cold, wet, travel, and the like, so naturally, and with such facility and 
 courage that they do. The Prince of Orange’s Excellency uses often pub- 
 liquely to deliver that the Irish are souldiers the first day of their birth. The 
 famous Henry lY., late King of France, said there would prove no nation so 
 resolute martial men as they, would they be ruly, and not too headstrong. 
 And Sir John Norris was wont to ascribe this particular to that nation above 
 others, that he never beheld so few of any country as of Irish that were 
 idiots and cowards, which is very notable.” P. 219, “Advertisement for 
 Ireland,” MS., folio (A. D. 1615), Library of Trin. CoU., Dublin, F. 3, 16. 
 
 * “ Se ipsum primum esse significans,” &c., “ meaning himself to be the 
 first, and the illustrious Count de Fuentes the second; as testified to this day 
 by the most noble the Count D’Ossunia, late Viceroy of Naples and Sicily, in 
 whose presence he said so.” I.ynch’s “ Alithinilogia,” vol. ii., p. 50. 
 
 , A 
 
 I"- ‘Ib., p. 331 
 
88 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Poland.‘ In July, 1654, 3500, commanded by Colonel 
 
 Edmund Dwyer, went to serve the Prince de Condd.* Sir 
 Walter Dungan and others got liberty to beat their drums in 
 different garrisons to a rallying of their men that laid down 
 arms with them in order to a rendezvous, and to depart for 
 Spain.® They got permission to march their men together 
 to the different ports, their pipers perhaps playing “ Ha til, 
 Ha til, Ha til, mi tulidh”—We return, we return no more 
 or more probably, after their first burst of passionate grief at 
 leaving home and friends for ever was over, marching gaily 
 to the lively strains of Garryowen. Between 1651 and 1654, 
 thirty four thousand (of whom few ever saw their loved native 
 land again) were transported into foreign parts.® 
 
 THE SEIZING OF WIDOWS, GIRLS, AND ORPHANS TO SEND TO 
 THE BARBADOES. 
 
 While the Government were thus employed in clearing the 
 ground for the Adventurers and soldiers, by making the no¬ 
 bility and gentry of Ireland withdraw to Connaught and the 
 
 ' “On reading the within petition of John Gonld, in hehalf of the Lord 
 Muskerry, who has license to transport 5000 men out of Ireland to the service 
 of any prince in amity with the Commonwealth, praying that while his lord is 
 
 now in treaty with the Polish ambassador for those men.they may 
 
 not be transplanted; It is ordered, &c.Dublin, 12th February, 1655.” 
 
 —, p. 426. 
 
 4 
 
 „ A A 
 
 2 — p. 112. P- 342- 
 
 32 1)4 
 
 ^ The tune with which the departing Highlanders usually hid farewell 
 to their native shores. Preface to Sir Walter Scott’s “Legend of Montrose.” 
 
 * Sir W. Petty’s “ Political Anatomy” (published A. D. 1672), p. 27. “ The 
 chiefest and eminentest of the nobility and many of the gentry have taken con¬ 
 ditions from the King of Spain, and have transported 40,000 of the most active 
 spirited men, most acquainted with the dangers and discipline of war.” P. 20. 
 “ The Great Case of Transplantation in Ireland discussed,” [by Vincent Gookin} 
 Small 4to. London: 1655. 
 
OF IRELAND, 
 
 89 
 
 soldiery to Spain, “where they could wish the whole nation,”* 
 they had agents actively employed through Ireland, seizing 
 women, orphans, and the destitute, to be transported to 
 Barbadoes and the English Plantations in America. It was 
 a measure beneficial they said to Ireland, which was thus 
 relieved of a population that might trouble the Planters; it 
 was a benefit to the people removed, who might thus be 
 made English and Christians p and a great benefit to the 
 West India sugar planters, who desired the men and boys for 
 their bondmen, and the women and Irish girls in a country 
 where they had only Maroon women and Negresses to 
 solace them. The thirteen years’ war, from 1641 to 1654, 
 followed by the departure of 40,000 Irish soldiers, with the 
 chief nobility and gentry, to Spain, had left behind a vast mass 
 of widows and deserted wives with destitute families. There 
 were plenty of other persons too, who, as their ancient pro¬ 
 perties had been confiscated, “had no visible means of liveli¬ 
 hood.” Just as the King of Spain sent over his agents to 
 treat with the Government for the Irish swordmen, the mer¬ 
 chants of Bristol had agents treating with it for men, women, 
 and girls, to be sent to the sugar plantations in the West 
 Indies. The Commissioners for Ireland gave them orders 
 upon the governors of garrisons, to deliver to them prisoners of 
 war; upon the keepers of gaols, for offenders in custody ; upon 
 masters of workhouses, for the destitute in their care “who 
 were of an age to labour, or if women were marriageable and 
 not past breeding and gave directions to all in authority to 
 seize those who had no visible means of livelihood, and de- 
 
 > “ The garrison of Roscommon Castle yielded upon that which we adjudged 
 moderate tenns amongst us, which is, for the Government to transport a regi¬ 
 ment for Spain, where we eoidd wish the tchole nation." Letter from Athlone, 
 12th April, 1652. “ Severall Proceedings in Parliament,” &c., p. 2146. 
 
 ■ Letter of Henry Cromwell, 4th Thurloe’s “ State Papers. 
 
90 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 liver them to these agents of the Bristol sugar merchants, in 
 execution of which latter direction Ireland must have exhibited 
 scenes in every part like the slave hunts in Africa. How many 
 girls of gentle birth must have been caught and hurried to the 
 private prisons of these men-catchers none can tell. We are 
 told of one case. Daniel Connery, a gentleman of Clare, was 
 sentenced, in Morison’s presence, to banishment, in 1657, by 
 Colonel Henry Ingoldsby, for harbouring a priest. “ This 
 gentleman had a wife and twelve children. His wife fell 
 sick, and died in poverty. Three of his daughters, beautiful 
 girls, were transported to the West Indies, to an island called 
 the Barbadoes ; and there, if still alive (he says) they are mi¬ 
 serable slaves.”^ But at last the evil became too shocking 
 and notorious, particularly when these dealers in Irish flesh 
 began to seize the daughters and children of the English them¬ 
 selves, and to force them on board their slave ships ; then, 
 indeed, the orders, at the end of four years, were revoked. 
 
 Messrs. Sellick and Leader, Mr. Robert Yeomans, Mr. 
 Joseph Lawrence, and others, all of Bristol, were active agents. 
 As one instance out of many;—Captain John Vernon was 
 employed by the Commissioners for Ireland into England, and 
 contracted in their behalf with Mr. David Sellick and Mr. 
 Leader under his hand, bearing date the 14th September, 
 1653, to supply them with two hundred and fifty women of 
 the Irish nation above twelve years, and under the age of 
 forty-five, also three hundred men above twelve years of age, 
 and under fifty, to be found in the country within twenty 
 miles of Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale, Waterford, and Wex¬ 
 ford, to transport them into New England.^ Messrs. Sellick 
 and Leader appointed their shipping to repair to Kinsale; but 
 
 > Morison’s “ Threnodia Hiberno-Catholioa,” Innsbruck, 1659, p. 287. 
 
 A- 
 
 ’ g-.P-663. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 91 
 
 Roger Boyle, Lord Broghill (afterwards Earl of Orrery), 
 whose name, like that of Sir C. Coote, seems ever the prelude 
 of woe to the Irish, suggested that the required number of 
 men and women might be had from among the wanderers and 
 persons who had no means of getting their livelihood in the 
 county of Cork alone. Accordingly, on the 23rd of October, 
 1653, he was empowered to search for them and arrest them, 
 and to deliver them to Messrs. Sellick and Leader, who were 
 to be at all the charge of conducting them to the water side, 
 and maintaining them from the time they received them ; and 
 no person, being once apprehended, was to be released but 
 by special order in writing under the hand of Lord Broghill.‘ 
 Again, in January, 1654, the Governors of Carlow, Kil¬ 
 kenny, Clonmel, Wexford, Ross, and Waterford, had orders 
 to arrest and deliver to Captain Thomas Morgan, Dudley 
 North, and John Johnson, English merchants, all wanderers, 
 men and women, and such other Irish within their precincts 
 as should not prove they had such settled course of industry 
 as yielded them a means of their own to maintain them, all 
 such children as were in hospitals or workhouses, all prison¬ 
 ers, men and women, to be transported to the West Indies. 
 The governors were to guard the prisoners to the ports of 
 shipping ; but the prisoners were to be provided for and main¬ 
 tained by the said contractors, and none to be discharged 
 except by order under the hand and seal of the governor 
 ordering the arrest.^ It is easy to imagine the deeds done 
 under such a power ! On the 22nd December of the same 
 year, orders were issued prohibiting all the shipping in any 
 harbour in Ireland bound for Barbadoes, and other English 
 plantations, from weighing anchor until searched, in order 
 that any persons found to have been seized without warrant 
 should be delivered. 
 
 A A 
 
 ‘ P- ^ P- 66. 
 
 84 85 
 
92 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 All measures, however, were vain to prevent the most 
 cruel captures as long as these English slave dealers had re¬ 
 course to Ireland. In the course of four years they had seized 
 and shipped about 6400 Irish, men and women, boys and 
 maidens, when on the 4th of March, 1655, all orders were re¬ 
 voked. These men-catchers employed persons (so runs the 
 order) “to delude poor people by false pretences into by¬ 
 places, and thence they forced them on board their ships. The 
 persons employed had so much a piece for all they so de¬ 
 luded, and for the money sake they were found to have en¬ 
 ticed and forced women from their children and husbands,— 
 children from their parents, who maintained them at school; 
 and they had not only dealt so with the Irish, but also with 
 the English,”—which last was the true cause, probably, of the 
 Commissioners for Ireland putting an end to these proceed¬ 
 ings.* 
 
 Yet not quite an end. 
 
 In 1655 Admiral Penn added Jamaica to the empire of 
 England; and, colonists being wanted, the Lord Protector 
 applied to the Lord Henry Cromwell, then Major-General of 
 the Forces in Ireland, to engage 1500 of the soldiers of the 
 army in Ireland to go thither as planters, and to secure a 
 thousand young Irish girls (“ Irish wenches” is Secretary 
 Thurloe’s term), to be sent there also.^ Henry Cromwell 
 answered that there would be no difficulty, only that force 
 must be used in taking them f and he suggested the addi¬ 
 tion of from 1500 to 2000 boys of from twelve to fourteen 
 years of age. “We could well spare them,” he adds, “and 
 they might be of use to you; and who knows but it might be 
 a means to make them Englishmen—I mean, Christians?”^ 
 
 A- 
 
 1 -, p.283. 
 
 3 Ib., p. 23. 
 
 3 4tb vol. Tburloe’s “ State Papers,” p. 75. 
 * Ib., p. 40. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 93 
 
 The numbers hnally fixed were looo boys, and looo girls, to 
 sail from Galway in October, 1655,*—boys as bondmen, 
 probably, and the girls to be bound by other ties to these 
 English soldiers in Jamaica.'^ 
 
 IRELAND ASSIGNED TO THE ADVENTURERS AND SOLDIERS. 
 
 The discussions concerning the setting out of lands to 
 the Adventurers and soldiers carried on between the Council 
 of the army and the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland 
 in that kingdom, and between the Committee of Parliament 
 and the Adventurers in England, occupied the whole of the 
 year 1652 ; but caused in point of fact no loss of time, for the 
 war was still raging, and there could be no planting. 
 
 Towards the close of the year 1653, the island seemed 
 sufficiently desolated to allow the English to occupy it. On 
 the 26th of September in that year, the Parliament passed an 
 Act for the new planting of Ireland with English. 
 
 The government reserved for themselves all the towns, all 
 the church lands and tithes ; for they abolished all arch¬ 
 bishops, bishops, deans, and other officers, belonging to that 
 hierarchy, and in those days the Church of Christ sat in Chi¬ 
 chester House on College-green.® They reserved also for 
 themselves the four counties of Dublin, Kildare, Carlow, and 
 Cork. Out of the houses, lands, and tithes, thus reserved, the 
 
 > 4tli vol. Thurloe’s “ State Papers,” p. 100. 
 
 ^ Muller, the painter at Berlin, was stated to be engaged in 1859, on a pic¬ 
 ture representing the seizing and transporting of these Irish girls to the "West 
 Indies. See the Newspapers of the 21st Feb., 1859. 
 
 3 “ Whereas Mr. Thomas Hicks is by the Church of Christ meeting at Chi¬ 
 chester House approved as one fully qualified to preach and dispense- the gospel 
 .... he is appointed to preach the gospel at Stillorgan, and other places in the 
 barony of Rathdown, in the county of Dublin, as often as the Lord shall enable 
 him, and in such places as the Lord shall make his ministry most effectual. 
 Dated 12th September, 1659. Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.” “Book 
 of Establishments,” p. i8r. 
 
94 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 government were to satisfy public debts, private favourites, 
 eminent friends of the republican cause in Parliament, regi¬ 
 cides, and the most active of the English rebels, not being of 
 the army. 
 
 They next made ample provision for the Adventurers. The 
 amount due to the Adventurers was £360,000. This they di¬ 
 vided into three lots, of which £110,000 was to be satisfied 
 in Munster, £205,000 in Leinster, and £45,000 in Ulster, and 
 the moiety often counties was charged with their payment;— 
 Waterford, Limerick, and Tipperary, in Munster; Meath, 
 Westmeath, King’s and Queen’s Counties in Leinster; and 
 Antrim, Down, and Armagh, in Ulster. But, as all was re¬ 
 quired by the Adventurers’ Act to be done by lot, a lottery 
 was appointed to be held in Grocers’ Hall, London, for the 
 20th July, 1653, to begin at 8 o’clock in the morning, when 
 lots should be first drawn in which province each Adventurer 
 was to he satisfied, not exceeding the specified amounts in 
 any province; lots were to be drawn, secondly, to ascertain 
 in which of the ten counties each Adventurer was to receive 
 his land—'the lots not to exceed in Westmeath £70,000, in 
 Tipperary £60,000, in Meath £55,000, in King’s and Queen’s 
 Counties £40,000 each, in Limerick £30,000, in Waterford 
 20,000, in Antrim, Down, and Armagh, £15,000 each. And, 
 as it was thought it would be a great encouragement to the 
 Adventurers (who were for the most part merchants and trades¬ 
 men), about to plant in so wild and dangerous a country, not 
 yet subdued, to have soldier planters near them, these ten 
 counties, when surveyed (which was directed to be done im¬ 
 mediately, and returned to the committee for the lottery at 
 Grocers’ Hall), were to be divided, each county, by baronies, 
 into two moieties, as equally as might be, without dividing any 
 barony. A lot was then to be drawn by the Adventurers, and 
 by some officer appointed by the Lord General Cromwell on 
 
OF IRF.LAND. 
 
 95 
 
 behalf of the soldiery, to ascertain whieh baronies in the ten 
 counties should be for the Adventurers, and which for the 
 soldiers. 
 
 The rest of Ireland, except Connaught, was to be set out 
 amongst the officers and soldiers, for their arreai's, amounting 
 to £1,550,000, and to satisfy debts of money or provisions 
 due for supplies advanced to the army of the Commonwealth, 
 amounting to £1,750,000. Connaught was by the Parliament 
 reserved and appointed for the habitation of the Irish nation ; 
 and all English and Protestants having lands there, who should 
 desire to remove out of Connaught into the provinces inhabited 
 by the English, were to receive estates in the English parts, 
 of equal value, in exchange.' 
 
 ' “ For the satisfaction of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, out of the 
 arrears due to the Souldiery here, and of other Publique Debts.” Scobcll's 
 “Acts and Ordinances for the year 1653,” chap. xii. 
 
96 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE TRANSPLANTATION. 
 
 THE FIRST TRUMPET. 
 
 When the Irish forces laid down arms in 1650, they could 
 scarce have anticipated the measures adopted towards them, 
 two years later, by the Parliament of England. Many of the 
 Irish gentry embarked, in the years 1650 and 1651, for Spain. 
 Those who stayed behind had families, that prevented them 
 from following their example ; they returned to their former 
 neighbourhoods, took up their abode in the offices attached to 
 their mansions, or shared the dwellings of some of their late 
 tenants,—their mansions being occupied by some English 
 officer or soldier,—and employed themselves in tilling the 
 lands they had lately owned as lords. Let us conceive the 
 dismay of a poor nobleman, with his wife and daughters, thus 
 employed on the evening of the first market day, after the 
 nth October, 1652, when some neighbour came to announce 
 the news proclaimed by beat of drum and sound of trumpet 
 in the adjoining town.* It was, in fact, the proscription of 
 the nation. If he had been a colonel or a superior officer in 
 the army, as almost all the highest were, it was a sentence 
 
 > “ The Parliament of the Commonwealth of England having by one Act 
 lately passed (entitled an Act for the Settling of Ireland) declared that it is 
 not their intention to extirpate this whole nation, but that mercy and pardon for 
 life and estate he extended to all husbandmen, plowmen, labourers, artificers, 
 and others of the inferior sort, in such maimer as in and by the said Act is set 
 forth; for the better execution of the said Act, and that timely notice may be 
 given to aU persons therein concerned, it is ordered that the Governor and 
 Commissioners of Revenue, or any two or more of them, within every precinct 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 97 
 
 of confiscation and banishment; and a separation from his 
 now beggared wife and daughters, the partners of his miseries, 
 unless he had the means of bringing them abroad with him. 
 
 The Earl of Ormond, Primate Bramhall, and all the Ca¬ 
 tholic nobility, and many of the gentry, were declared in¬ 
 capable of pardon of life or estate, and were banished. The 
 rest of the nation were to lose their lands, and take up their 
 residence wherever the Parliament of England should order.'^ 
 On 26th September, 1653, all the ancient estates and farms 
 of the people of Ireland were declared to belong to the 
 Adventurers and the army of England ; and it was announced 
 that the Parliament had assigned Connaught (America w'as 
 not then accessible), for the habitation of the Irish nation, 
 whither they must transplant with their wives, and daughters, 
 and children, before the ist of May following (1654), under 
 penalty of death, if found on this side of the Shannon after 
 that day. 
 
 It might, perhaps, be imagined that this fearful sentence 
 was a penalty upon the Irish for the supposed massacre of 
 300,000 English. But death, not banishment, was the punish¬ 
 ment of blood; and the class most likely to be guilty of 
 blood,—the ploughmen, labourers, and others of the lower 
 order of poor people,—were excepted from transplantation. 
 
 in this nation, do cause the said Act of Parliament with this present declaration 
 to be published and proclaimed in their respective precincts by heat of drumme 
 and sound of trumpett, on some markett day, within tenn days after the same 
 shall come unto them within their respective precincts. 
 
 “ Dated at the Castle of Kilkenny, this i ith October, 1652. 
 
 “ Edmund Ludlow, Miles Corbet, 
 
 “John Jones, E. Weaver.” 
 
 P. 367. 
 
 > Act for the Settling of Ireland, passed 12th August, 1652. Scobell’s 
 “Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
 H 
 
98 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 They willingly entertained all the young and laborious com¬ 
 monalty, who were ever most active and ready for mischief; 
 they banished only from amongst them the more cautious 
 and prudent proprietors, said Sir Robert Talbot and Colonel 
 Moored The nobility and gentry of ancient descent, pro¬ 
 prietors of landed estates, were incapable of murder or 
 massacre ; but it was they that were particularly required to 
 transplant. Their properties were wanted for the new Eng¬ 
 lish Planters. The Ulster gentry (writes Sir George Hamil¬ 
 ton to Ormonde on ist July, 1659) are all transplanted to 
 Leitrim ; but the common people remain, and are eager for 
 action.* There is an anecdote told by an English monk of the 
 order of the Friars Minors, who must have dwelt, disguised 
 probably (a not uncommon incident), as a soldier or servant, 
 in the household of Colonel Ingoldsby, Governor of Limerick, 
 that explains the reason why the common people were to be 
 allowed to stay, and the gentry required to transplant. He 
 heard the question asked of a great Protestant statesman 
 (“magnus hereticus consiliarius”), who gave three reasons 
 for it;—First, he said, they are useful to the English as 
 earth-tillers and herdsmen ; secondly, deprived of their 
 priests and gentry, and living among the English, it is 
 hoped they will become Protestants ; and, thirdly, the 
 gentry without their aid must work for themselves and their 
 families, and so in time turn into common peasants, or die if 
 they don’t.® 
 
 ’ Petition of tlie Irish Nobility and Gentry, presented to the King in 1660. 
 
 2 Dated “ The Hague.” Carte Papers, ccxiii., 189. 
 
 ^ “ Threnodia Hiberno-Cathohca, sive Planctus universalis totius Cleri et 
 Populi Regni Hiberniae,” &c. [“ The Wail of the Irish Catholics; or. Groans 
 
 of the whole Clergy and People of the Kingdom of Ireland, in which is truly 
 set forth an Epitome of the unheard of and transcendental Cruelty by which the 
 Catholics of the Kingdom of Ireland are oppressed under the Arch Tyrant 
 CromweU, the Usurper and Destroyer of the three Realms of England, Ireland, 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 99 
 
 And Grookin having remarked upon the anomaly of trans¬ 
 planting those who could not be conceived guilty of murders, 
 and allowing the class most capable of them to stay, Colonel 
 Lawrence in answer appeals to the Act and Orders for trans¬ 
 plantation, and asks, “Is there in all this one word tending to 
 ground transplantation on the principles of punishment or 
 avenging of blood ?” Its end, he said, was to settle Ireland 
 for the future.* 
 
 The truth is, that the Parliament had, in 1642, confiscated 
 by anticipation 2,500,000 acres (one-fourth of Ireland), to be 
 taken equally out of the four provinces, and had sold them 
 to the Adventurers. It was now perceived that it would 
 trouble both the comfort and safety of the new Planters to have 
 the former owners of these lands, with their ruined families, 
 living intermixed with them. P"or if any Englishman were so 
 bad natured as to be deaf to their murmurings and complain¬ 
 ings, says Colonel Lawrence, few would be so stupid, after 
 they came to know their danger, as to continue to hazard 
 their costs and improvements, their persons, families, and 
 posterity, in the neighbourhood of those that, upon principle, 
 were bound to hate and contrive the ruin of him and his, as 
 long as he lived there.^ 
 
 The Parliament, therefore, in 1652, confiscated the whole 
 of Ireland; but they allotted Connaught to the Irish, in 
 order that the new English might plant and inhabit the 
 three other provinces in security. All the Irish (according to 
 
 and Scotland,” p. 25.] By F. Maurice Morison, of the Minors of Strict Obser¬ 
 vance, Lecturer in Theology, an Eye-witness of those Cruelties. Innsbruck. 
 A. D. 1659. 12mo. The book is dedicated to his worthy patron, Don Guidobald, 
 Archbishop of Salzburg, and to the dean and canons there. 
 
 ' Lawrence’s “ Interest of England in the Transplantation Stated,” p. ii. 
 [Printed A. D. 1656]. 
 
 * Ibid., p. 24. 
 
 11 2 
 
lOO 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the original scheme of the Parliament), except those who had 
 adopted the religion of the English nation, were to transplant 
 thither, on the presumption that they did not love the Eng¬ 
 lish. Such of them only were to be permitted to return back 
 to their former homes and lands as could prove a Constant 
 Good Affection to the enemy of their religion, name, and na¬ 
 tion, during the ten years’ war just ended. Like the Plataeans 
 who surrendered to the Spartans, on the terms that none but 
 the guilty should be punished, and to escape the sentence of 
 death, were each asked “what service could he show that he 
 had done to the Spartans or their allies ?” the Irish were re¬ 
 quired to obtain a decree from a Court of English judges set 
 up at Athlone, of Constant Good Affection to the Parliament, 
 else he and his posterity were for ever to dwell in banish¬ 
 ment in Connaught. It was not enough to have dwelt quietly 
 at their homes, if these homes lay in the Irish quarters, 
 doing nothing (and the English had not victuals for them in 
 their garrisons, if they had dared to present themselves there) ; 
 nor to have shown Much Good Affection. The decree must 
 be for Constant Good Affection. Thus, the ancient inhabi¬ 
 tants of Kinsale were all of English blood, but of Irish reli¬ 
 gion, and had manned the walls for eight years with the 
 English garrison against their own countrymen; yet, because 
 they paid taxes levied there by the Earl of Inchiquin for the 
 king, in 1648, when he revolted from the Parliament to the 
 royal cause, they lost their claim to Constant Good Affection, 
 and were ordered to transplant to Connaught.* “ I appeal to 
 those who knew the condition of Ireland in those times,” says 
 Vincent Gookin, “whether these instructions adhered to would 
 not transplant every man ? How was it possible to escape 
 compliance when the English were hemmed into their very 
 gates, and the whole country a wild road for the rebels.”^ 
 
 ' See “ Mallow Proceedings,’’ further on. 
 
 ** “ Author and Case of Transplantation Vindicated,” &c., p. 24. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 lOI 
 
 The exception, too, of husbandmen, ploughmen, and others 
 of the lower ranks, did not save them for the use of the Eng¬ 
 lish, as was intended; for all swordmen were to transplant, 
 and in this term were included all who had attended muster, 
 though compelled by their landlords, and any who kept watch 
 and ward, which comprised almost every one. For their 
 share in the war, or not proving a Constant Grood Affection 
 to the Parliament of England, the proprietors of lands were to 
 suffer a loss of the greater part of their estates, and to receive 
 an equivalent for the residue in Connaught, for the support of 
 themselves and their families. 
 
 THE SECOND AND LAST TRUMPET, WITH THE DOOM OF THE 
 IRISH NATION. 
 
 Connaught was selected for the habitation of the Irish 
 nation by reason of its being surrounded by the sea and the 
 Shannon, all but ten miles, and the whole easily made into 
 one line by a few forts.* To further secure the imprisonment 
 of the nation, and cut them off from relief by sea, a belt four 
 miles wide, commencing one mile to the west of Sligo, and so 
 winging along the coast and Shannon, was reserved by the 
 Act of 27th September, 1653, from being set out to the Irish, 
 and was to be given to the soldiery to plant. Thither all the 
 Irish were to remove at latest by the first day of May, 1654, 
 except Irishwomen married to English Protestants before the 
 2nd December, 1650, provided they became Protestants ; ex¬ 
 cept also boys under fourteen, and girls under twelve, in 
 Protestant service and to be brought up Protestants; and, 
 lastly, those who had shown during the ten years’ war in Ire- 
 
 ' 9th March, 1654-5. Order. Passes over the Shannon between Jamestown 
 and Sligo to be closed, so as to make one entire line between Connanght and 
 the adjacent parts of Leinster and Ulster. —. 
 
102 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 land their Constant Good Affection to the Parliament of Enw- 
 
 D 
 
 land in preference to the King. There they were to dwell 
 without entering a walled town or coming within five miles of 
 some, on pain of death. All were to remove thither by the 
 ist of May, 1654, at latest, under pain of being put to death 
 by sentence of a court of military officers, if found after that 
 date on the English side of the Shannon.* 
 
 Connaught was at this time the most wasted province 
 in the kingdom. Sir Charles Coote the younger, disregard¬ 
 ing the truce or Cessation made by order of the king with the 
 Irish in 1643, had continued to ravage it, like another Attila, 
 with fire and sword.® The order was for the flight of the 
 Irish nation thither in winter time, their nobles, their gentry, 
 and their commons, with their wives and little children, their 
 young maidens and old men, their cattle, and their household 
 goods. 
 
 The officers of the army were themselves struck with the 
 difficulties of executing the orders of the Parliament of Eng¬ 
 land. The gentry and farmers were then engaged in harvest¬ 
 ing the crop they had been encouraged to plant on account 
 of the scarcity. The whole nation, panic-struck at having to 
 travel during the winter to Connaught, and to abandon the 
 lands they were still in occupation of, were deprived of all 
 motive to go on with their tillage. The country must next 
 
 * “ The further Instructions confirmed by this Act.” Act for the satisfac¬ 
 tion of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland and Arrears due to the Souldiery 
 there. 26 September, 1653. ScohelTs “Acts and Ordinances,” Anno 1653, 
 chap. xii. 
 
 * P. 58, vol. ist, “ Alithinologia; siveVeridica Eesponsio, &c. [in English}. 
 
 A true Answer to the Attack of R. F. [Richard Farrel], Capuchin, full of Lies, 
 Fallacies, and Calumnies against a large body of the Clergy, Nobility, and Irish 
 of every rank, presented to the Propaganda in the year 1659. By Eudoxius 
 Alithinologus [John Lynch, Priest, Archdeacon of Tuam.]” Printed at St. 
 JIalo’, 1664. 2 vols. 4to. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 103 
 
 year be a waste, for the soldiers could not be put in posses¬ 
 sion in time to sow. Then there was the possibility that the 
 Irish generally might decline to remove, and incur all penal¬ 
 ties, and prefer death itself to transplanting under such diffi¬ 
 culties. 
 
 The officers communicated their thoughts to the Commis¬ 
 sioners for the Government of Ireland, who communicated 
 them to the Council of State in England. 
 
 The Commissioners for Ireland, to use their own expres¬ 
 sions, were overwhelmed with a sense of their difficulties, and 
 of their own unworthiness and weakness for so great a service. 
 They felt they had neither wisdom nor strength for such 
 matters; and that they might truly say, “The children are 
 now come to the birth, and much is desired and expected, but 
 tliere is no strength to bring forth.” 
 
 They therefore fasted, and enjoined the same thing on all 
 Christian friends in Ireland, and invited the commanders and 
 officers of the army to join them in lifting up prayers with 
 strong crying and tears to Him to whom nothing is too hard, 
 that His servants, whom He had called forth in this day to act 
 in these great transactions, might be made faithful, and car¬ 
 ried on by His own outstretched arm against all opposition 
 and difficulty, to do what was pleasing in His sight.' 
 
 Meantime they proceeded, as in duty bound, to carry out 
 the law. They issued their orders, dated the 15th October, 
 1653, for the better carrying on the great work. Fathers and 
 heads of families were to proceed before 30th January, 1654, 
 to Loughrea, to commissioners appointed to set them out 
 
 ' Letter, dated 9th November, 1653, from the Commissioners for Ireland “to 
 the commanders of the respective precincts, to be communicated to the rest of 
 onr Christian friends there.’’ —, p. 555. 
 
104 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 lands competent to the stock possessed by them and by the 
 tenants and friends who were to transplant with them. They 
 were there to build huts against the arrival of their wives and 
 families, who were to follow before the ist of May. The com¬ 
 missioners were to be guided by a statement, or Particular, 
 which each projjrietor, before leaving home, was to present to 
 the revenue officer of the precinct for his certificate. It set 
 forth the abode, names, ages, stature, colour of the hair, and 
 other marks of distinction, of the transplanter and his family, 
 and of all his tenants and friends who were to accompany him 
 into Connaught, together with the number of their cattle, 
 quantity and quality of tillage, and other substance.' From 
 the grey-haired sire of seventy, to the blue-eyed daughter of 
 four years old, the family portraiture is given in these trans¬ 
 planters’ certificates. Sometimes there is a long list of te¬ 
 nants and friends, and sheep and cattle, accompanying the 
 chief proprietor of the district into exile, like the pictures of 
 the descent of the Israelites into Egypt. In others, a landlord, 
 who perhaps had rendered himself distasteful to his tenants, 
 has none to accompany him; for tenants were not required 
 to adhere to their landlord ; they might sit down in Connaught 
 as tenants under the State. Occasionally in these certificates 
 is described a gentleman, like Sir Nicholas Comyn, of Lime¬ 
 rick precinct, “ numb at one side of his body of a dead palsy, 
 accompanied only by his Lady, Catherine Comyn, aged thirty- 
 five years, flaxen-haired, middle stature ; and one maid ser¬ 
 vant, Honor ny M'Namara, aged twenty years, brown hair, 
 middle stature; having no substance, but expecting the bene¬ 
 fit of his qualification.’* Or orphans ; as, “ Ignatius Stac- 
 poole, of Limerick, orphant, aged eleven years, flaxen haire, 
 
 I From a printed copy (original), preserved in tlie muniment room, Kil¬ 
 kenny Castle. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 105 
 
 full face, low stature ; Katherine Stacpoole, orphant, sister to 
 the said Ignatius, aged eight years, flaxen haire, full face ; 
 having no substance to relieve themselves, but desireth the 
 benefit of his claim before the Commissioners of the Re¬ 
 venue.”* 
 
 James, Lord Dunboyne, in the county of Tipperary, de¬ 
 scribes himself as likely to be accompanied by twenty-one 
 followers, and as having four cows, ten garrans, and two 
 swine.* Dame Katherine Morris, of Lathragh, in the same 
 county ; thirty-five followers, one and a half acre of summer 
 come, ten cows, sixteen garrans, nineteen goats, two swine. 
 Lady Mary Hamerton, ofRoscrea: forty-five persons, three and 
 a half acres of summer corn, forty cows, thirty garrans, forty- 
 six sheepe, two goats.* Pierce, Lord Viscount Ikerrin: seven¬ 
 teen persons, sixteen acres of winter come, four cows, five 
 garrans, twenty-four sheep, two swine. For each acre of 
 winter corn, three acres of land were to be assigned, summer 
 corn and fallow being included ; for each cow or bullock (of 
 two years old and upwards), three acres ; for each yearling 
 one acre; for each garran, nag, or mare (of three years old 
 and upwards), four acres ; for every three sheep, one acre; 
 and for goats and swine proportionably.^ These assignments 
 were only conditional; for at a future day other commis¬ 
 sioners were to arrive and sit at Athlone, to determine the 
 claims, i. e. the extent of lands the transplanter had left be¬ 
 hind him, and to distinguish the qualifications, i. e. the extent 
 of disaffection to the Parliament, by which the proportion to 
 
 ' Pp. 12, 13, Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, in the Record Tower, Dub¬ 
 
 lin Castle. 
 
 ’ Ib. Among the records of the late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom House 
 Buildings. 
 
 * Ib. Ib. 
 
 ♦ —, p. 629. 
 
 90 
 
THE CROJIWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 I o6 
 
 be confiscated was to be regulated, and an equivalent, called a 
 Final Settlement, was to be given in Connaught. These first 
 assignments were technically called Assignments de Bene 
 Esse. 
 
 REMONSTRANCES OF THE IRISH. 
 
 And now there went forth petitions from every quarter of 
 the kingdom, praying that the petitioners’ flight might not be 
 in the winter time ; or alleging that their wives or children 
 were sick, their cattle unfit to drive, — that they had crops to 
 get in. Some were still collecting men for transport to Spain. 
 Others had claims to exemption, under articles of war. All 
 sought a dispensation. 
 
 The petitioners were the noble and the wealthy, men of 
 ancient English blood, descendants of the invaders—the Fitz¬ 
 geralds, the Butlers, the Plunkets, the Barnwalls, Dillons, 
 Cheevers, Cusacks, names found appended to various schemes 
 for extirpating or transplanting the Irish after the subduing 
 of Lord Thomas Fitzgerald’s rebellion in 1535. They were 
 now to transplant as Irish. The native Irish were too poor to 
 pay scriveners and messengers to the Council, and their sor¬ 
 rows were unheard, though under their rough coats beat 
 hearts that felt pangs as great at being driven from their na¬ 
 tive homes as the highest in the land. The first dispensations 
 were limited within the ist ofMay, the Commissioners for the 
 Affairs of Ireland not being empowered to dispense from com¬ 
 pliance with the Act of Parliament. But they represented to 
 the Council of State in London (which had legislative power 
 while Parliament was not sitting) that all tillage would cease 
 unless people were encouraged to put in a crop with the pros¬ 
 pect of reaping it. Powers were accordingly given to them 
 to grant dispensations for the wives and children and neces¬ 
 sary servants of those who should crop their land, who were 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 107 
 
 to be permitted, in case the father or head of the family should 
 have complied with the orders of the state, and have removed 
 into Connaught, to stay behind with not more than one or 
 two servants to watch the corn in the ground, and to attend to 
 the threshing and “inning” of it.‘ But from the ist of May, 
 1654, their estates would be either taken possession of by the 
 soldiers, or let by the state to other tenants, to whom they 
 must pay for the standing of their crop from that date till re¬ 
 moved, an eighth or a fifth sheaf, according to the custom of 
 the country. 
 
 The estate now called Woodlands, the seat of Lord An- 
 naly, adjoining the Phoenix Park, Dublin, formerly known as 
 Luttrelstown, was the seat of the Luttrels, from the days of 
 King John until sold, about seventy years ago, by Luttrel, 
 Lord Carhampton, to the ancestor of Lord Annaly. 
 
 Thomas Luttrel, the owner, though strongly attached to 
 the English interest, as appeared by his getting a decree at 
 
 1 “ Commissioners for Ireland to Colonel Foulk,' Governor of Tredagh, and the Com¬ 
 missioners of Revenue there. 
 
 “ Gentlemen, —The Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England for 
 the Affairs of Ireland have read your letter of the 25th instant, declaring that 
 several persons removing from your parts into Connaught desire some time to 
 stay for their wives, children, and stock, for the better enabling them to travel, 
 and that it is your judgment that by their short stay the contribution will be the 
 better secured. They have commanded me to signify that you may suspend the 
 transplantation of such wives and children (whoso husbands and parents are to 
 go into Connaught) for such time as you shall judge fit, not exceeding the ist 
 J uly next, and may permit the stay of their cattle until they be in a condition 
 to drive, allowing but one servant to look after the respective herds or flocks, 
 and such servants to be neither proprietors nor such as have been in arms against 
 tile Commonwealth. 
 
 “ Thos. Herbeut, Clerk of the Council. 
 
 A 
 
 “ Coih House, 2ifk April, 1654.” —, p. 668. 
 
io8 
 
 THE CROJIWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Athlone, in 1658, of Good, though not Constant Good Affec¬ 
 tion,* was obliged, as an Irish Papist, to make way, when Lord 
 Ormond handed over Dublin, and the sword of state, in 1647, 
 to the Parliament, for Lord Broghill, who was afterwards suc¬ 
 ceeded as tenant to the state by Colonel Hewson, Governor 
 of Dublin. In 1652, Luttrell got permission to occupy the 
 stables and till the land.** 
 
 On the 30th of September, 1654, he was dispensed from 
 being transplanted until the ist of December following, in 
 “regard his whole livelihood and his family’s depended on 
 improving the crop of corn that was then in taking off the 
 ground.”® On the 15th of March, 1655, upon his inability, 
 through his weakness by sickness, to travel into Connaught, 
 he was further dispensed till the 1st June.'* Before this time, 
 however, he had departed, leaving his wife behind ; for on the 
 18th of May she was dispensed until the ist of June follow¬ 
 ing, on her representation that her husband was already 
 transplanted, and that she had a great charge of children and 
 stock which were not yet in a condition to drive.® 
 
 But often the owners were transplanted, and got liberty to 
 return to reap their crop, or to send back their servants. Thus, 
 John Talbot, ancestor of Lord Talbot de Malahide, had to yield 
 his castle to Chief Baron Corbet, and transplant, and in April, 
 1655, got a pass for safe travelling from Connaught to the 
 county of Dublin to dispose of his corn and other goods, 
 giving security to return within the time limited.® 
 
 Considerable difficulties arose about these allowances be¬ 
 tween the families of the transplanted, left behind to watch 
 
 A , A 
 
 ' —, P- 149 - S-- P- 515 ; lb., p. 534- 
 
 22 02 
 
 , A .A 
 
 3 p. 17- * T, P- 134- 
 
 4 
 
 5 Ib., p. 217. ^ lb., p. 173. 
 
OK IRELAND. 
 
 109 
 
 the crop and the soldiers. On the ist of May, 1654, the first 
 considerable disbanding took place ; and from the moment 
 any district was assigned to the soldiers, they became uncon¬ 
 trolled masters of it. Thus, the officers and soldiers whose 
 lots had fallen in the district called the Rower, in the county 
 of Kilkenny, were declared entitled to have an allowance for 
 the standing of the corn on the lands fallen to them for their 
 arrears from the ist of May last (1654) till December follow¬ 
 ing, according to the custom of the country, not exceeding a 
 fifth sheaf and the transplanted inhabitants of the county of 
 Waterford, finding that their wives and children were inter¬ 
 rupted in the securing of their crops, petitioned the govern¬ 
 ment from Connaught for protection.^ The government 
 thereupon ordered that the Commissioners of Revenue of the 
 precinct where the respective crops of corn were should per¬ 
 mit the wives, and such servants of theirs as were permitted 
 to stay, to receive the benefit of their crop, having discharged 
 the contribution due thereout, and allowing the new proprie¬ 
 tors an eighth sheaf, or such proportion as is usually made in 
 those parts, according to the custom of the country. But the 
 crudest act of these rough soldiers was that they and the 
 state tenants entered, and proceeded without mercy to turn 
 out the wives and children of these transplanted proprietors 
 and their servants engaged in watching their last crop, Avith- 
 out giving them even a cabin to shelter in, or allowing them 
 grass for their cows on lands so lately their own.^ The 
 
 ® “ To the Commissioners of the Revenue of the respective Precincts, 
 
 '•^Dublin, 26 May, 1654. 
 
 “ Gentlemen, —Whereas we have been informed that several persons that 
 have taken leases of lands from the Commonwealth belonging to Irish inhabit¬ 
 ants that are to be transplanted in Connaught from the ist of May, instant, 
 and upon orders of possession for the same, have entered by virtue of their said 
 
I lO 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 ancient owners became, in fact, strict tenants at will to the 
 state from the time that the Parliament declared the forfeited 
 lands to belong to the soldiers and Adventurers, though, as 
 would appear from Sir John Bui’ke’s complaint, they had 
 been promised, or understood they were entitled to, a six 
 months’ notice to quit." 
 
 APPLICATIONS FOB DISPENSATIONS FROM TRANSPLANTATION. 
 
 The applications for dispensations were innumerable, and 
 the Commissioners were overwhelmed with them. 
 
 Mar£j;aret Barnwall had long been troubled with a shaking 
 
 o o o 
 
 palsy.^ Mr. Robinson was aged about ninety, and blind, 
 and never in arms (as was alledged) and had eighteen plough- 
 
 leases, and turned out the former Irish possessors and their servants, without 
 allowing them any cabbins or other habitacons for such necessary servants as 
 they leave behind them for looking after their corn in the ground, and innings 
 and thrashing of the same, contrary to the provisions made in the order for 
 transplantation, we therefore hereby order that you take care that in cases where 
 the said Irish are denied such liberty as ahovesaid, you cause convenience of 
 room to he allowed for servants dwelling and thrashing the said com now in the 
 ground, ndth grazing on the said lands fit for such sort of cattle as will he need¬ 
 ful for carrying in the corn in harvest. 
 
 “We remain your loving friends, 
 
 “Chas. Fleetwood, Miles Corbet, John Jones.” 
 
 A 
 
 p- 7°^- 
 
 90 
 
 • “ Upon consideration had of the agreement made by the Commissioners of 
 Revenue with the petitioner. Sir John Boui'ke, and others in like condition with 
 him, that he should, upon six months’ notice, remove out of the possession of the 
 lands in the petition mentioned, and the petitioner having been required to re¬ 
 move into Connaught upon the general declaration for transplanting, the Coun- 
 cill do not think fit to do anything in his case, but do expect that the petitioner 
 should conform himself to former orders for removing into Connaught. 
 
 “ Thos. Herbert, Clerk of the Council. 
 
 “ i6<A Oct., 1654.” 
 
 p. 67. p. 266. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 I I I 
 
 lands set out to the soldiery.' Mary Archer had an aged fa¬ 
 ther, who would be suddenly brought to his grave wanting 
 his accustomed accommodation.'^ Lady Margaret Atkinson 
 was of great age, and no one to support her but her son, Sir 
 George Atkinson, a Protestant.^ Lady Culme prayed not to 
 be deprived of her servant.'’ Elinor Butler, widow, had a 
 charge of helpless children.® Dowager Lady Lowth was of 
 great age and impotency.® John, Lord Baron Power, of Cur- 
 
 A 
 
 P- 438 . 
 
 ® “ Upon consideration of tlie petition of Sir G. Atkinson on the behalf of 
 his mother, the Lady Margaret Atkinson, desiring that his said mother might be 
 dispensed with from transplantation, and remain in the provinee of Ulster ; and 
 consideration being had of the report of Colonel Markham, Captain Shaw, and 
 Thomas Eichardson, Esq., unto whom it was referred, who have certified that 
 in regard of the said Lady’s great ago, as also that she hath no friend to support 
 her save only her said son, a Protestant, and for that it appears by Sir Charles 
 Coote’s certificate that she hath always lived inoffensively in said quarters, they 
 are of opinion she should not be removed into Connaught or Clare without 
 speeial direction; and that she may in the meantime continue to reside with her 
 said son. It is therefore ordered that she be dispensed with from transplanta¬ 
 tion until 1st May, and that she be permitted to enjoy that proportion of her 
 estate according to her qualification. 
 
 “ T. IIehbert, Clerk of the Council. 
 
 Buhlin, ■^oth October, 1654.” —, p. 116. 
 
 * “ Upon the consideration of the petition of EUinor Butler, widow, and 
 the order of the Commissioners of the Revenue of Waterford, and the report of 
 Colonel Lawrence, &c., &c., and it being his opinion that the petitioner’s own 
 person and her helpless children should be dispensed with as to her present 
 transplantation ; and that she he permitted to bring haek her eattle from Connaught 
 towards the maintenance of herself and children: We, the said Deputy and 
 Council, agree, &c., that she be permitted to bring back her said cattle without 
 
 molestation, &c. Dublin, 16th Oetober, 1654.” —, p. 64. 
 
 4 
 
 A 
 
 ® —, p. 211. 
 
 4 
 
I 12 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 raghmore, had for twenty years past been distracted, and 
 destitute of all judgment.’ Piers Creagh, of Limerick, was 
 hated by his countrymen for his former known inclination to 
 the English Government.^ John Bryan, of Bawnmore, in 
 the county of Kilkenny, Esq., had been instrumental in 
 the discovering of certain persons found guilty by the High 
 Court of Justice of a murther at Urlingford.® Philip Ro 
 O’Hugh [O’Neil], had given intelligence of Sir Phelim 
 O’Neil whereby he was apprehended and brought to justice. 
 Robert Plunket had given information against several pri¬ 
 soners now in the Marshalsea, who are of great alliance to the 
 Irish, and his safety would be risked in Connaught’ (a common 
 statement). Mrs. Cashin, of the barony of Fermoy, county 
 of Cork, was of known integrity to the English in the wars, 
 and very affectionate to them, having had her servants slain by 
 the rebels, her houses burnt, and thereby brought to a very 
 low condition, and “ she utterly refuseth to forsake the 
 English.”® Lord Viscount Ikerrin had great weakness and in¬ 
 firmity of body.® Dominic Bodkin, Nicholas oge French, and 
 Richard Kerroan (Kirwan), inhabitants of Galway, pleaded 
 their singular good services, whereby they had prejudiced their 
 private interests, and contracted malice from those of their 
 own nation, amongst whom they were now to live, which 
 might prove dangerous to themMajor Charles Cavanagh 
 and his brother James,—their inoffensive demeanour to the 
 English.® Anne White, widow, of the town of Wexford, 
 sought to spend the remnant of her days there on the certifi¬ 
 cate of Colonel Lawrence, Governor of Waterford, who had 
 
 ‘ -> P- 363- 
 4 
 
 , A 
 
 ^,p.53i. 
 ’ —, p. 160. 
 
 30 
 
 * Ib., p. 112. 
 
 ® lb., p. 437- 
 8 
 
 3 A, p. ,08. 
 
 A 
 
 T’ P’ 9- 
 
 6 Ib., p. 384. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 observed her charity for four or five years past, her good 
 affection to English officers, and others quartered in her 
 
 house—a very useful person to that town ; and if any of her 
 
 religion might live in any garrison, none more deserving than 
 shed Mary Thorpe, a Protestant, the wife of Dillon, an Irish 
 Papist, and transportable for her husband’s recusancy, being 
 a person fearing God, and affecting his worship in his ordi¬ 
 nances, that she might have better conveniency for hearing 
 the Gospel preached^ James Driver, of Waterford, because 
 the Lord hath been pleased to enlighten his heart to the true 
 way of salvation, the Protestant religion, and therefore desir¬ 
 ing to live among the English, where he might have the real 
 exercise of his religion.^ Cicely Plunket,—that her husband 
 was a schoolboy at the breaking out of the rebellion, and had 
 since lived inoffensively ; that her husband was upon his 
 transplanting, but that his whole substance depends upon her 
 corn in her haggard, and prayed time for making benefit of her 
 corn and provision for herself and her children.'* Margaret 
 Cusack, that she was seventy-eight years of age, and dropsical.® 
 Mary Butler, widow of Mr. Richard Butler, of Ballinakill, in 
 the county of Tipperary, her affection to the English forces, 
 and having discovered an ambushraent of the Irish to cut off 
 the English.® John Rose, of Warrenstown in the barony of 
 Dunboyne, his having suffered much in the beginning of the 
 rebellion for his affection to the English interest, and served 
 as a trooper under Captain Bland against the rebels, and was 
 wounded, and also that he was of English parents.’ Henry 
 Burnell, for his tedious and languishing sickness, souo-ht time 
 till ist of June next, by which time it was probable he might 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 ' J-’ P- '7°' 
 
 ‘ Ib., p. 248. 
 
 ® Ib., p. 188. 
 
 A 
 
 —, p. 29. 
 4 
 
 « Ib., p. 219. 
 
 1 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 II4 
 
 recover his strength, and be able to travel on foot to Connaught. 
 Nicholas Barnwall, ofTurvey, and Bridget, his wife, Countess 
 of Tyrconnel, in regard of their great age and infirmity of 
 body. 
 
 The mayor and inhabitants of Cashel, in consideration of 
 a promise made to them by the Lord Protector, such at least 
 as were not in the rebel army, and were actually inhabiting 
 Cashel at the time of the Lord Protector’s promise.' The 
 old native inhabitants of Limerick having laboured as much 
 as in them lay to preserve the English interest, and to sur¬ 
 render to the English, whereby they became odious to the 
 Irish.^ 
 
 The transplantation of the Kilkenny submittees, as those of 
 the Leinster army were called, that laid down their arms under 
 the articles entered into at Kilkenny on 12th May, 1652, had 
 some features of peculiar hardship. The officers of the Parlia¬ 
 ment army engaged to really and truly mediate for them with 
 the Parliament, that they might enjoy such moderate parts of 
 their estates as should make the lives of those who should not 
 retire in voluntary banishment to Spain, but live amongst the 
 English, comfortable, and undertook that in the meantime 
 they should enjoy such part of their estates as had not been 
 disposed of; and under this latter clause the Commissioners 
 for Ireland ordered them possession of their undisposed of 
 estates till ist April, 1653. 
 
 Part of Lord Trimleston’s manor had been given in custo- 
 dium to Mrs. Penelope Bayley, the widow of Colonel Bayley, 
 by a special order of Lord Deputy Ireton, in 1650 ; but in May, 
 1652, for her greater security, she took a lease of them for 
 one year from the state, which she let for the time to one 
 Cusack, who assigned them to his brother-in-law. Lord Trim- 
 
OF IRKLAND. 
 
 ' >? 
 
 leston. When this lease expired, she renewed it I’or three 
 years ; but Lord Trimleston, being in possession at the expira¬ 
 tion of the first lease, contended he was entitled to hold them 
 under the Kilkenny Articles, and bribed Mr. Bryan Darley, 
 the surveyor, who was to put Mrs. Bayley in possession, by 
 £4, Mrs. Bayley having given Mr. Darley £6. Lord Trim¬ 
 leston being thus in possession, Mrs. Bayley had to get an 
 order to put him forth, and to have the surveyor arrested for 
 the fraud.* When the order for transplantation issued in Octo¬ 
 ber, 1653, and Lord Trimleston and the other Kilkenny submit- 
 tees were called on to transplant. Lord Trimleston on his own 
 behalf and theirs pleaded that by the 6th article they expected 
 the enjoyment of such remnant of their real estate as should 
 make their lives comfortable amongst the English, and that this 
 was not performed ; and that they were exempt from trans¬ 
 plantation. But the Commissioners for Ireland answered that 
 the Act of Parliament overrode the articles, and that they 
 must transplant to Connaught, where they would have onc- 
 third set out to them by the Loughrea Commissioners in some 
 convenient place, with such houses and accommodation as 
 might make their lives comfortable, and with due regard to the 
 nature and goodness of the soil from whence they should re¬ 
 move.'* They then appealed to the Committee of Articles, at 
 Westminster, who were of opinion that it would be a breach 
 of faith to transplant them ; but the Commissioners enforced 
 their view. On 12th of April, 1655, they made their last 
 effort, and got liberty to stay in their respective dwellings 
 until the ist of i\Iay, and their wives and children until the 
 20th .3 
 
 These Kilkenny submittees were the lords and gentlemen 
 of the Pale, the Barnwalls, the Nettervilles, Bellews, Plunkets, 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 u’ 
 
 3 
 
 A 
 
 T’ 
 
 p. 408. 
 
 3 A 
 
 y, P- *77. 
 1 2 
 
 P- 205 - 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 116 
 
 and others. They complained that the officers in possession of 
 their estates were sheltering their tenants, and prayed that 
 they might be ordered to assist them in driving their cattle, 
 and removing of their carriages to Connaught. But this was 
 refused: all relation between landlord and tenant had ceased 
 between them, but the transplantable tenants were ordered to 
 be arrested.' 
 
 How strict was the imprisonment of the transplanted in 
 Connaught may be judged, when it required a special order 
 for Lord Trimleston, Sir Richard Barnwall, Mr. Patrick Net- 
 terville, and others, then dwelling in the suburbs of Athlone 
 on the Connaught side, to pass and repass the bridge into the 
 part of the town on the Leinster side on their business, and 
 only on giving security not to pass without the line of the 
 town without special leave of the govei'nor.^ 
 
 W1LLIA3I SPENSER, THE GRANDSON OE EDMUND SPENSER, THE 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE “ FAERY QUEEN,” TO BE TRANSPLANTED AS 
 
 AN “ IRISH PAPIST.” 
 
 It has already been remarked that the descendants of 
 those statesmen of Henry VlII.’s day, who were so full of 
 schemes for confiscating the lands of the Irish, and transplant¬ 
 ing or extirpating them, had to abandon their estates, and to 
 transplant to Connaught. In Queen Elizabeth’s reign there 
 was no more deadly enemy to Ireland than Edmund Spenser; 
 he was secretary to Lord Glrey de Wilton, all whose cruelties 
 he justified. He deals with transplantation as if the Irish 
 were beasts of the field, that might be driven from one pro¬ 
 vince to another for the convenience of the English. He 
 obtained a grant from his cruel master of the castle and lands 
 of Kilcolman, beside the Blackwater, late the inheritance of 
 
 A 
 
 -g. P- ^ 05 - 
 
 ’ Ibid., p. 346. 
 
OF IRELAND, 
 
 II7 
 
 the Fitzgeralds. One can scarce pity his lot. It was his 
 fate to see this mansion burned before his eyes, with all it 
 contained, including one of his infant children. The robber 
 was thus robbed, the spoiler spoiled; and he went down to 
 the grave in darkness, in lodgings in London, banished by 
 the Irish, who retook their former lands. By a retribution 
 so common in Ireland, the grandson of this English settler 
 had become Irish, and the very woes his ancestor had contrived 
 for the Irish came to be inflicted on his descendant. Among 
 those seeking to be dispensed from transplantation to Con¬ 
 naught was William Spenser, whose grandfather (as Cromwell 
 wrote to the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland) was 
 that Spenser who by his writings touching the reduction of 
 the Irish to civility brought upon him the odium of that 
 nation. That very estate near Fermoy which was confiscated 
 from the Fitzgeralds, and conferred on him about seventy 
 years before, is now confiscated anew, and set out among the 
 soldiers of the Commonwealth army, and his grandson is 
 ordered to transplant to Connaught as “ Irish Papist.” William 
 Spenser appealed to Cromwell; and Cromwell, out of regard 
 for the works of Edmund Spenser, endeavoured, but in vain, 
 to save his lands for him.* 
 
 • "Lord Protector to Commissioners for Affairs in Ireland. 
 
 “ Whitehall., i-jth March, 1657. 
 
 “ Right Trusty and well Beloved, 
 
 “ A petition hath been exhibited unto us by William 
 Spenser, setting forth that being but seaven years old att the beginning of the 
 rebellion in Ireland, hee repaired with his mother to the Citty of Corke, and 
 during the rebellion continued in the English quarters; that hee never bore 
 arms, or acted against y' Commonwealth of England; that his grandfather, 
 Edmund Spenser, and his father, were both Protestants, from whom an estate in 
 lands in the barony of Fermoy, and county of Corke, descended to him, which 
 during the rebellion yielded nothing towards his reUefe; that y® estate hath 
 been lately given to the souldiers in satisfaction of their arrears, upon accompt 
 of his professing the Popish religion, which since his coming to years of discre- 
 
ii8 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 THE TROUBLES OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR IRELAND. 
 
 Besides the complaints of the transplanting Irish, the 
 Commissioners of Ireland had to meet and answer the petitions 
 of their own officers. The transplanting work (they write) 
 we are drudging on with, and it is hard work to put in prac¬ 
 tice, whatever you in England may imagine.* Tlie Commis¬ 
 sioners of Revenue found their returns affected by the 
 transplantation, “it had so distracted and discomposed the 
 people.” The agents from the countries declared their inabi¬ 
 lity to pay the e.xpected taxes if that held.“ Irish entrusted by 
 their neighbours with collecting the assessment payable by 
 the different baronies were escaping into Connaught with the 
 balances, without passing their accounts.^ Kerry would be 
 
 tion iiee hath, as hee professes, utterly renounced; that his grandfather was 
 that Edmund Spenser, who by his writings touching the reduction of y"^ Irish to 
 civility brought on him the odium of that nation, and for those works and his 
 other good services Queen Elizabeth conferred on him y* estate which the said 
 William Spenser now claims. AVee have also been informed that y' gentleman 
 is of a civil conversation, and that the extremitie his wants have brought him 
 unto have not prevailed over him to put him upon indiscreet or evil practices for 
 a livelihood. And if upon enquiry you shall find his case to be such, wee judge 
 it just and reasonable, and do therefore desire and authorise you y* hee bee 
 forthwith restored to his estate, and that reprisall lands bee given to the souldiers 
 elsewhere. In y* doing whereof our satisfaction will be the greater by the con¬ 
 tinuation of that estate to issue of his grandfather, for whose eminent deserts 
 and services to y° Commonwealth y* estate was first given to him. 
 
 “ We rest, your loving friend, 
 
 “ Oliver, P.” 
 
 Book of “ Letters from the Lord Protector,” p. 118, Record Tower, Dublin 
 Castle. 
 
 ’ “ Mercur. Politicus,” Oct. 12, 1653, p. 2839. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 5241. 
 
 ^ “ The time for transplanting the Irish being at hand, and the ablest of the 
 Irish inhabitants to remove thereupon, amongst which it is probable that the 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 II9 
 
 desolate, therefore contracts must be made to provide bag¬ 
 gage horses for carrying provisions to the garrisons, and for 
 inning of hay for the horse and dragoons there.’ Officers and 
 Protestants prayed that they might not be deprived of their 
 tenants and servants. The Lady Netterville, the Lady Alison 
 Talbot, Mr. Nicholas Barnwall, of Turvey, the Lady Mary 
 Allen, Thomas Luttrell, of Luttrelstown, and others in the 
 neighbourhood of Dublin, applied for a rehearing, as they 
 had material things to offer against the report of the Com¬ 
 mittee of Officers, to show they should not be transplanted.'* 
 Officers entrusted with clearing the towns of Irish, unwilling 
 to be answerable for the consequences of literally executing 
 the order, required categorical answers from the government 
 to their queries. Colonel Sadleir asks whether any Irish 
 Papist shall be permitted to live in the town of Wexford? If 
 any, whether all 'the seamen, boatmen, and fishermen, or 
 how many ? How many packers and gillers of herrings ? 
 How many coopers ? How many masons and carpentex’s ? 
 What shall be done with the Irishwomen which are Papists, 
 who are married to Englishmen and Protestants ? What shall 
 be done with the Irishmen who are turned Protestants and 
 
 most of those persons who have been entrusted as commissioners, agents, or 
 trustees for baronies will be included, who will some of them doubtless take the 
 advantage to avoid aceompting with the country for their receipts and collec¬ 
 tions before departui-e.We therefore desire you will take care to call all 
 
 such of the Irish or others who have been entrusted with the receipt of pubHque 
 moneys in your precinct, to account m convenient time before their transplant¬ 
 ing. . . . 
 
 “ Your affectionate friends, 
 
 “ Edward Roberts. Benjamin Worsley. 
 
 “ CorJce House, March znd, 1654. 
 
 “ To the Commissioners of the Precinct of Limerick." 
 
 Records of late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom House Buildings. 
 
 A 
 
 S5. P- 294- 
 
120 
 
 TPIE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 come to hear the word of God?‘ The Commissioners of 
 Longhrea troubled them even more. They asked whether by 
 Popish recusants of the Irish nation, and therefore trans¬ 
 plantable, might be understood those whose fathers or 
 mothers, or both, were English, only themselves born in 
 Ireland ? Whether persons enlisted by their landlords, being 
 officers, though they were never in the field nor marched out 
 of their country ? Whether Papists that first served in the 
 rebel army, but then took service under the Commonwealth, if 
 still on muster ? Whether men marrying transplantable widows 
 become themselves transplantable ? Whether the wives 
 and children of those gone to Spain be transplantable, as well 
 as those remaining behind in like condition with themselves ? 
 What do the Commissioners for Ireland mean by Irish widows 
 of English extract ? What course shall be taken with those 
 transplanted that set themselves down where they choose, re¬ 
 fusing to come to their assignments, contrary to the 4th, 5th, 
 6th, and 7th instructions, which hinder the Commissioners 
 from giving any account either of the number or quality of 
 the transplanted persons, and also from dispersing the septs 
 according to instructions 
 
 THE FIRST ASPECT OF CONNAUGHT. 
 
 The difficulties of the government were increased by the 
 reports arriving from Connaught from the earliest transplant¬ 
 ers, to the families they left behind preparing to follow, who 
 were thereby discouraged. They found the country a waste. 
 In the summer of this year the famine was so sore, that the 
 natives had eaten up all the horses they could get, and were 
 feeding upon one another, the living eating the dead.® The 
 
 Mercur. Politicus,” June 8, 1653, p, 2516, 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 544, 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 I 2 I 
 
 county of Clare was totally ruined, and deserted of inhabitants. 
 Out of nine baronies, comprising 1300 ploughlands, not above 
 40 ploughlands at the most, lying in the barony of Bunratty, 
 were inhabited in the month of June, 1653, except some few 
 persons living for safety in garrisons.* Scarce a place to 
 shelter in. The castles either sleighted by gunpowder, as 
 dangerous to be left in the hands of the Irish or occupied 
 by the English soldiery, or by the ancient Irish proprietors, 
 who looked upon the transplanters as enemies liable to sup¬ 
 plant them, and therefore, encouraged their followers to give 
 them rough reception.^ Besides this, the Loughrea Commis¬ 
 sioners gave some of the earliest transplanters assignments 
 in the barony of Burren, in the county of Clare, one of the 
 barrenest, where it was commonly said* there was not wood 
 enough to hang a man, water enough to drown him, or earth 
 
 rvP- 
 
 205. 
 
 ® “ Upon reading the petition of Edmund Dogherty, mason, and the cer¬ 
 tificates of the Commissioners at Loughrea, setting forth that the said Ed¬ 
 mond Dogherty is to receive the sum of £82 los. od., for demolishing thirteene 
 castles in y° county of Clare, at £2 10s. od., each castle : ordered, &c. 
 
 “ Charles Fleetwood. Egbert Goodwin. 
 
 ‘•'■Dublin, ist January, 1655.” 
 
 Late Auditor-General’s Records, vol. x., p. 188. 
 
 * “ Whereas information hath been given unto this Board, that many of the 
 Irish nation of the province of Connaught havo offered several affronts and 
 
 abuses to divers of the transplanted persons.it is hereby ordered, that 
 
 Sir C. Coote, Knt. and Bart., Lord President of Connaught, Colonel Ingoldsby, 
 &c., or any two or more of them, bo empowered upon proof made before them 
 .... forthwith to transplant such Irish proprietors or others from their present 
 habitations into some remote part of Connaught, that shall so menace or assault, 
 &o., there to live. 
 
 “ Dated at Athlone, i8th June, 1655.” —, p. 346. 
 
 * “Whitelock’s Memorials," at the year 1651, p. 521. 
 
122 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 enough to bury him.‘ They were therefore scared, like the 
 first beasts too suddenly driven at a slaughter yard, com¬ 
 municating their terrors to the herd behind. The English 
 officers, too, were not assisting to put them in possession of 
 their assignments.- Ferrymen and toll-keepers were exact¬ 
 ing tolls, contrary to the orders of government.* 
 
 THE FIKST YEAR OF TRANSPLANTATION. 
 
 The Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland, from a fore¬ 
 sight of the ruin to fall upon the English by executing literally 
 the law of transplantation, obtained authority from the Council 
 
 > “ Council of Ireland to Loughrea Commissioners. 
 
 Buhlin Castle, i%th July, 1655. 
 
 “ Being informed that you heginn to sett down persons in the baronies of 
 Burren and Inchiqueen, which places being generally reputed and known to be 
 sterill, wee fear it may much hinder the business of the transplantation, by dis¬ 
 heartening those which shall come after, when they shall see such assignations 
 made in the entrance of this work, &c.” —, p. 82. 
 
 30 
 
 Grievances of the Transplanted in Clare. 
 
 “ 2ndly. In regard it was the misfortune of your suppliants to be assigned 
 on that part of y® county of Clare that is most barren, unfertiU, and waste, 
 which yields no corn but oats (and that itself with much labour and husbandry), 
 your suppliants pray that jio sheaf or tax be exacted from them whence they 
 remove. 
 
 “ 3rdly. Whereas the several transplanted persons thither have withdrawne 
 themselves with their cattle, as well back [across the Shannon] as into Con¬ 
 naught, and that have returned of late their substance in the book of the fourth 
 part of the said county, may be forthwith forced to return back to the said county 
 with their stocks, otherwise the remaining transplanted to be eased of their pro¬ 
 portion of the charge for the future.” 5th September, 1654. “ Grievances of 
 
 the transplanted Inhabitants now in the county of Clare.” 
 
 Order Book of the Council, late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom House 
 Buildings, vol. vii. 
 
 A 
 
 P- 745 - 
 
 A 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 123 
 
 of State to confine it to proprietors of lands and their families, 
 and Persons that had contrived or abetted the rebellion, or 
 had been actually in arms. But to force even these to cross 
 the Shannon by the ist of May, 1654, would (if possible) 
 have been death to the sick and aged, to the blind and im¬ 
 potent. It would, besides, leave the country a waste. They 
 were therefore empowered to grant dispensations to be limited 
 to the ist of June following. But such a multiplicity of peti¬ 
 tions now poured in for extension of time, that on the 17th 
 of May, 1654, the Council appointed Major-General Sir 
 Hardress Waller, Major Anthony Morgan, and Major Brian 
 Smith to hear applications, and to grant dispensations for the 
 Precinct of Cork, Kerry, and Limerick; Dr. Henry Jones 
 and others for Athlone, Trim, and Belturbet Precinct ; and 
 others for the remaining Precincts. 
 
 They were to dispense those whose lives would be en¬ 
 dangered—the sick, the aged, the lame and impotent; those 
 that aided the English armies, that had discovered rebels, 
 that had sheltered English and Protestants from being 
 murdered, and those that should give good evidence of 
 renouncing the Popish Superstition and the Bishop of 
 Romo, and should also manifest their desire to hear such 
 as should instruct them in the true and saving knowledore 
 of Jesus Christ and His Gospel and Truths.* 
 
 Thus, those were allowed within the rules of dispensation 
 (says Colonel Lawrence) who had aught to offer of particular 
 acts of kindness shown to the English, or any other testimony 
 of the heart through affection to the English interest; and, that 
 not a cup of cold water might go unrequited (given by the 
 worst pf enemies to the meanest of friends), those obtained a 
 suspension, with a special recommendation to the Commis- 
 
 1 
 
 “ Printed Declaration of 27th March, 1654. 
 
 A 
 
 8l’P- 
 
 263. 
 
124 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT. 
 
 sionei’s at Loughrea for their convenient accommodation 
 ^vhen they arrived in Connaught.* 
 
 Besides the instances of applications from individuals al¬ 
 ready given, there came petitions from the old native inhabi¬ 
 tants of Limerick, traders, of Danish or English blood from 
 the fishermen of the same city, being Irish the former 
 alleging they had laboured for the English interest to induce 
 the citizens to surrender to Ireton, whereby they became 
 odious to the Irish, and therefore desired some place on the 
 River Shannon to be assigned them for their residence. 
 From the inhabitants of Dublin from the artificers of 
 Clonmelfrom the inhabitants of Dingle ;® from the in¬ 
 habitants of Tipperary f and from almost every town and 
 county in the kingdom. 
 
 The inhabitants of Cashel, on their application already 
 mentioned, were dispensed from transplantation till ist May, 
 1655. They had hastened to Cromwell at Fethard, and were 
 the first that threw themselves on the Protector’s mercy, in¬ 
 duced by their close neighbourhood, and the good conditions 
 that town received. Cromwell had arrived before its ancient 
 walls in a storm of wind and sleet, long after dark on the night 
 of the 3rd of February, 1650. Pressed by the pelting storm, 
 and anxious to house his men, he granted that the inhabitants, 
 on giving him immediate admission, should enjoy their pro¬ 
 perties and liberties; and that the priests there should be 
 spared.® By this happy accident they not only escaped being 
 
 * ‘‘ Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation Stated, &c., p. 7.” 
 
 2 —, p. 244. 3 p, 363. 4 ib., p. 430. 
 
 °5 
 
 5 Ib., p. 479. ®Ib., p. 229. ’Ib., p. 314. 
 
 ® “ Dismal Effects of tbe Irish Rebellion,'&c.; to which are added Letters to 
 and from Oliver Cromwell, Ireton, Preston, and many others, relating to the 
 Sieges &c., never before printed ;—from the original MSS. of Mr. Cliff, an in¬ 
 timate of Cromwell, and Secretary to General Ireton.” Appendix, p. i6. Folio. 
 Dublin: 1743. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 12 ? 
 
 transplanted, but were reported by the Committee of Refe¬ 
 rences for Articles to be a people to be differenced from the 
 rest of the whole nation.* And when the Royalist officers, 
 after the Restoration, who were to divide between them all 
 the houses of the Irish in the towns, as not set out to the Ad¬ 
 venturers or soldiers, sent their surveyors there, as to all 
 other towns, to measure and value the houses, the Sovereign 
 and Commons opposed them, and by force withheld them 
 from so doing.* 
 
 They maintained that their properties had not been confis¬ 
 cated by the usurpers, and that nothing came under the new 
 Settlement at the Restoration but what had been “ set out” 
 in some way by those powers. 
 
 But the progress of the transplantation during the first 
 year, in consequence of these dispensations, was not rapid 
 enough for the officers possessed by that land hunger charac¬ 
 teristic of the Anglo-Saxon race. They complained of any 
 delay being granted to the Irish as displeasing to God:— 
 
 Letter from Dublin, May 31, 1654. 
 
 “We are somewhat in a confused posture yet with our trans¬ 
 plantation : many are gone, but many others play ‘ loth to de- 
 
 ‘ Report, dated 2 November, 1652, attached to the copy of the Petition, 
 signed “ in the name and by the appointment of the Committee, Charles Coote.” 
 Late Auditor-General’s Records. “ Articles of Capitulation,” &c., pp. 35, 36. 
 
 2 “ The Booke of the Valuation of Fothard in the county of Tipperary” 
 [A. D. 1663]. Late Auditor-General’s Records. At the foot of their unfinished 
 Survey is this note :— 
 
 “ The Residue and Remainder of the Houses and Lands within this Corpora¬ 
 tion, and the Libbertyes thereof wee found in the possession of severall Irish 
 Papists Proprietors, and when wee weare proceedinge to a Valuation thereof ac¬ 
 cording to the directions of our Commission and Instructions which we Read 
 unto them. The Sovereign and Commons of the said Towne opposed us, and by 
 force withheld us from soe doeing. 
 
 “ Tiios. Evatt. Henry Pynb.” 
 
THK CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 I 26 
 
 part.’ And many are dispensed with : as particularly one whole 
 town, Cashel, towards which we had no great obligation upon 
 us. But the Lord, who is a jealous God, and more knowing of, 
 as well as jealous against their iniquity than we are, by a fire 
 on the 23rd instant hath burnt down the whole town in little 
 more than a quarter of an hour, except some few houses that 
 a few English lived in [having probably taken the best stone 
 and slated ones], which w'ere wonderfully preserved, being in 
 the midst of the town, and the houses round each burnt to 
 the ground, yet they preserved. 
 
 “ The persons that got their dispensations from the trans¬ 
 plantation died the day before the fire, of the plague, and none 
 else long before nor since dead of the disease there.”* 
 
 Six weeks later comes the following intelligence to Lon- 
 
 O O 
 
 don :— 
 
 “ Jd 'om Dublin, 12th July, 1654. 
 
 “ The transplanting work moves on but slowly ; not above 
 six score [families ?] from all provinces are yet removed into 
 Connaught. The flood-gates being shut from transporting [to 
 Spain], and one vent stopped for sending away the souldiery, 
 part of them Irish, they begin to break out into Torying, and 
 the waters begin to rise again upon us.”** 
 
 “ From Dublin August 24th, 1654. 
 
 “The work of transplanting is at a stand. The Tories flie 
 out and increase. It is the nature of this people to be rebel¬ 
 lious ; and they have been so much the more disposed to it, 
 
 * P- 353^1 “ Mercuriua Politicus, comprising tlie summe of all Intelligence, 
 witli the Affairs and Designs now on foot in the three Nations of England, Ire¬ 
 land, and Scotland; in Defence of the Commonwealth and tlie Information of 
 the people. [Published weekly.] Licensed to be printed.” 
 
 ^ P. 3636, “ Mercurius Politicus,” &c. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 1 27 
 
 having been highly exasperated by the transplanting work.* 
 This makes many turn Tories who give no quarter, none be¬ 
 ing given to them.”^ 
 
 The year closes, however, more satisfactorily :— 
 
 '■'■From Dublin, Decembex 21st, 1654. 
 
 “ The transplantation is now far advanced, the men being 
 gone for to prepare their new habitations in Connaught. 
 Their wives and children and dependents have been and are 
 packing away after them apace, and all are to be gone by the 
 I St of March next.”® 
 
 THE SECOND YEAR OF TRANSPLANTATION. 
 
 The year 1655 was one of the most trying to the Commis¬ 
 sioners for the Affairs of Ireland. By the ist of March the 
 last of the Irish, not dispensed, were to be withdrawn behind 
 the line of the Shannon. Many regiments of horse and foot 
 were to be disbanded, and to have lands assigned them for 
 their arrears. The news from Dublin of the 21st of March 
 describes the Council as very diligent, sitting every day, and 
 most days twice. The enforcing of the Kule for Transplanta¬ 
 tion at this juncture of time (it was said), puts them in much 
 trouble.‘ There had been, it seems, an immoderate and uni¬ 
 versal fall of rain that season. The ways were deep, the cattle 
 weak ; the journeys to Connaught were rendered more hazar¬ 
 dous, especially for transplanters’ wives and children, and their 
 breeding and young cattle. To let all persons, therefore, 
 know, that as it had hitherto been in the hearts of those in 
 authority over them to exercise all tenderness consistent with 
 the work of transplantation (as already expressed in their pro¬ 
 ceedings towards them in this matter), and to leave such as 
 
 I “ Mcrcur. Politicus,” p. 3732. ’ Ibid., p. 524t. 
 
 ® P. 5048, ibid. < Ibid., p. 5251. 
 
128 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 should prove refractory without excuse, the Lord Deputy and 
 Council Issued their printed declaration of 27th February, 
 >6SS- 
 
 They thereby declared that on condition the husbands and 
 heads of families went off to Connaught by the i st of March 
 following, their wives and children, and necessary servants, 
 with their cattle, might obtain licenses to continue in their 
 present dwellings until the ist of May. But only on produc¬ 
 ing to the Commander in Chief and Justices of the Peace of 
 the district the certificate of the Loughrea Commissioners, 
 that their husbands had appeared before the Commissioners 
 •there, and were preparing for their families. Otherwise 
 they were to be out of protection—that is to say, to be 
 treated as enemies in a state of war.* The true reason of 
 this relaxation, however, was no weakness of the Lord De¬ 
 puty and Council, nor of the transplanters’ wives and young 
 cattle. But how could they hang such multitudes (though 
 only Irish) as neglected to stir, or where find prisons to 
 hold them ? 
 
 The temper of the officers and soldiers and other expect¬ 
 ant planters at these delays may be judged by the following 
 intelligence, written for publication in London :— 
 
 “ Athy, March 4, 1654-5. 
 
 “ I have only to acquaint you, that the time prescribed for 
 the transplantation of the Irish proprietors, and those that have 
 been in arms and abettors of the rebellion, being near at hand, 
 the officers are resolved to fill the gaols and to seize them : by 
 which this bloody people will knowjhat they [the officers] are 
 not degenerated from English principles; though I presume 
 we shall be very tender of hanging any except leading men ; 
 
 806.1 
 
 ' “Printed Declaration of 27th. February, 165I.” British Museum. 
 
 1-4 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 129 
 
 yet we shall make no scruple of sending them to the West 
 Indies, where they will serve for planters, and help to plant 
 the plantation [of Jamaica] that General Venables, it is hoped, 
 hath reduced.”* 
 
 The government, accordingly, pressed on the great work. 
 They proceeded to seize and sell the crops of those families that 
 delayed to transplant, and to apply the moneys arising from 
 the sale for buying stores to relieve those that transplanted 
 themselves according to the law.^ 
 
 They issued the most threatening orders. They then or¬ 
 dered the general arrest of all transplantable persons untrans¬ 
 planted by a certain day.^ This was put in execution, said 
 the ancient peers and proprietors of Ireland at the Eestora- 
 tion (who protested against the proposal of the Cromwellians 
 that their acceptance of pittances of land in Connaught, to 
 save their perishing families, should be held to bar them of 
 their hereditary estates), at one and the same time through¬ 
 out the kingdom, by troopers and soldiers dragging the 
 poor people out of their beds in the dead of night, and bring¬ 
 ing them in such troops as there was not gaol room enough 
 to contain them. Therefore (they continue), some were put 
 
 ' 4530, “ Mercurius Politicus,” &c. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 4569. 
 
 “ Monday, April 2nd, 1655. 
 
 “ The Lord Deputy and Council in Ireland have published a Declaration for 
 making sale of the corn of such Irish proprietors and others that did not trans¬ 
 plant themselves into Connaught according to the Declaration of 30 November 
 last, for buying stores to relieve those that do transplant themselves according 
 to the said Declaration.” 
 
 “ Perfect Proceedings of State Affairs, &c. (during the week between 29th 
 March and 3rd April, 1655).” 
 
 ® 19th March, 1654-5. General search for and arrest of all transplantable 
 persons untransplanted, ordered, and courts martial appointed to try them. 
 A 
 
 I6’ P- ’5- 
 
 K 
 
130 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 to death ; others sold as slaves into America; others detained 
 in prison till they were not able to put bread into their mouths ; 
 others, as partakers of the greatest favour that could be ex¬ 
 pected, only released on condition of transplanting into Con¬ 
 naught.* 
 
 Instructions were now issued to the officers in the dif¬ 
 ferent Precincts for getting rid of some of the wretched mass 
 that overthronged the gaols. Queries came from Colonel 
 Sadleir from Wexford, from Colonel Phayre from Cork, and 
 from other officers in command, to know who should be held 
 to be “ Swordmen” and who “Proprietors,” the two classes 
 that were to transplant. The Lord Deputy and Council 
 answered that among “ Swordmen” were to be included Irish 
 who kept watch and ward—that were pressed or forced— 
 Peders and Garsons—Militiamen—Trained bandmen—Auxi¬ 
 liaries— and those meeting at Eandezvous. Also men who 
 by command of Governors of towns or forts bore arms in any 
 town or garrison.^ 
 
 They were directed to consider as Proprietors “ and trans¬ 
 plantable,” mortgagors and mortgagees, and their eldest sons 
 (though never in arms); the brothers, sons, and next heirs of 
 such (if there be no sons) who may be in a possibility to in¬ 
 herit ; copyholders (with not above twenty acres) were also 
 transplantable ; lessees for seven years and their children; 
 widows entitled to jointure were to be also deemed proprie¬ 
 tors and transplantable also the wives and children of sword¬ 
 men gone to Spain, and the orphans of transplantable persons. 
 Men marrying transplantable persons became themselves 
 transplantable. But sick and aged widows (among other 
 
 1 “ The Eoman Catholics of Ireland, their Answer to Proposals offered [to 
 the King in Council] in order to the Settlement of Ireland by the Commissioners 
 from the Convention of Ireland, in 1660.” “ Carte Papers,” “ Ireland,” vol. vii., 
 p. 6. Bodleian Library. 
 
 349- 
 
OF IKELAND. 
 
 ancient and feeble men and women, and blind and impotent 
 persons) might be dispensed, but all others must transplant. 
 And all transplanters, who had been previously licensed, but 
 had outstayed their licenses and been arrested, might be let 
 at liberty, engaging first to transplant before ist March fol¬ 
 lowing. They might also set at liberty and dispense for six 
 months those who, though not able to prove Constant Good 
 Affection, could be held Good Affection Men, not, however, 
 above forty in number from each district prison. And all 
 such “ Swordmen and Proprietors” as by two Justices of the 
 Peace were certified to have really renounced Popery, and 
 for six months past had constantly resorted to Protestant 
 worship, were, on giving secuidty to transplant by 12th of 
 April following, to be set at liberty.' Protestantism now 
 appeared so amiable that conversions spread. At Athy be¬ 
 nighted numbers received a new light; and Colonel Henry 
 Pretty, Captain John Bennett, with Mr. John Murcot, a 
 preacher to the Lord Deputy and Council, were ordered to 
 repair thither. The latter was one who, by his severe car¬ 
 riage at Chester, had become, according to his own account, 
 ridiculous to the wicked ; so that, being in a manner weary 
 of that place, he settled himself in Dublin, and by his often 
 preaching and praying obtained a great flock of people to 
 be his admirers, especially women and children, adds Anthony 
 Wood.^ They were to satisfy themselves upon conference 
 with these converts, whether they could discover any work 
 of conversion, and evidence of a real reform in them, and 
 whether upon any conscientious grounds they have deserted 
 Popery, or that for any feigned consideration or by-ends they 
 pretend the embracing of Protestantism.^ 
 
 ' p P- 36- 
 
 ^ 1st Vol. “ Athenae Oxonienses,” p. 184. 2 vols. Folio. London; 1721. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Similar Commissions were issued into most parts of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 The Irish of Wexford now set forth their resolution to 
 hear the Word read and preached unto them, and desired 
 that l\Ir. Good might he their minister. And, on the certificate 
 of Colonel Sadleir of his competency, he was appointed to 
 exercise his gifts at Wexford and the neighbourhood.* 
 
 IMr. Edward Spring, of Killeagh, in the county of Kerry, 
 was dispensed, because it appeared by the report of Colonel 
 Nelson and Lieutenant Sands, that he and his children were 
 renouncing the Romish religion, and frequenting the Protes¬ 
 tant public Meeting places.^ 
 
 Upon the report of Major Thomas Stanley, that in the 
 Liberties of Clonmel there hath been of late great resort of 
 the Irish to ehurch, and that Mr. Galatius Hickey was a per¬ 
 son well qualified to instruct the Irish in Protestant principles, 
 Mr. Galatius Hickey’s yearly salary was increased from £20 
 to £40.® Mr. Carey, however, minister of Bride’s Church in 
 Dublin, complained that his flock was careless ; and the Mayor 
 of the City, with Alderman Hutchinson and Mr. Price, were 
 to inquire after such as were remiss in coming to hear the 
 Word, when the Petitioner preached in the Irish language or 
 otherwise; and that, under pretext of repairing to the meeting 
 places, frequented ale houses, or mis-spent the time set apart 
 for “ publique Duty ” in unwarrantable exercises, to the 
 scandal of their profession. And the Irish so offending were 
 to be made an example of, by requiring them to transplant 
 forthwith into Connaught.'* 
 
 A 
 
 —, P- 4'- 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 -, p. 89, 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 *33 
 
 SENTENCES OF DEATH FOR NOT TRANSPLANTING. 
 
 These general arrests had to be repeated from time to 
 time, and the government had to devise excuses after each to 
 relieve the gaols of part of the crowds. But the aspect of 
 Connaught was so terrible, that the wretched hunted ancient 
 nobility and gentry of Ireland still lingered. They would not 
 obey the law. 
 
 Letter from Dublin, 2‘jtli July, 1655. 
 
 “ The business of transplanting is not yet finished. The 
 Irish chuse death rather than remove from their wonted habi¬ 
 tations. But the State is resolved to see it done.” 
 
 The following was pi'obably the first case where death was 
 inflicted. 
 
 March 2^th, 1655. 
 
 “ Daniel Fitzpatrick and another in Ireland [this was pub¬ 
 lished in London for the satisfaction of the Adventurers and 
 other capitalists and speculators there] are condemned by the 
 Commissioners in Kilkenny for refusing to transport them¬ 
 selves into Connaught, which makes the rest to hasten.” 
 
 In the same month, with a view of quickening the move¬ 
 ments of transplanters, a court martial, sitting in St. Patrick’s 
 Cathedral, Dublin, sentenced Mr. Edward Hetherington, of 
 Kilnemanagh, to death. 
 
 The Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland, on and 
 April, 1655, considered the finding of the court martial, and 
 seem to have sought excuses to their uneasy consciences for 
 confirming the sentence. For they introduced statements that 
 Mr. Hetherington had disobeyed several declarations for 
 transplanting; that he had borne arms against the Common¬ 
 wealth ; that it appeared by the oath of two Englishmen that 
 
134 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 lie was a Tory in 1643, others had taken them pri¬ 
 
 soners near the Naass; and had confessed to them, more 
 probably boasted, as a feat of war, that he had that day killed 
 seven Englishmen. With these statements put on the face 
 of their order to palliate the deed to posterity, they left it to 
 the court martial either to put the sentence into execution, or 
 to reprieve him, as the court should judge most agreeable to 
 justice.' The officers ordered him for execution the next day, 
 and he was duly hanged on 3rd of April, 1655 ; and to make 
 the spectacle more exemplary, he was hanged with placards 
 on his breast and back, “ for not transplanting.”® And for 
 not transplanting he died ; because he was never tried on the 
 introduced charges, unless behind his back, unheard. 
 
 AN Englishman’s protest against the transplantation 
 
 OF THE IRISH. 
 
 But the spectacle of universal misery of the Irish nation, 
 and the evil consequences to the English planters themselves, 
 now called forth the book called “ The Great Case of Trans¬ 
 plantation in Ireland Discussed.”® It was anonymous. But 
 the author was Vincent Gookin, son of a planter of King 
 James I.’s reign, then and long before resident in the county 
 of Cork. He was one of the six members for Ireland returned 
 to the first Commonwealth Parliament in 1653, called the 
 
 ‘ p. 114. 
 
 2 “ The Roman Catholics of Ireland, their Answer, &c.” “ Carte Papers,” 
 
 Ireland, vol. vii., p. 6. 
 
 ® “ The Great Case of Transplantation in Ireland Discussed ; or, certain 
 Considerations, wherein the many great Inconveniences in transplanting the 
 Natives of Ireland generally out of the three Provinces of Leinster, Ulster, and 
 Munster, into the Province of Connaught are shown, humbly tendered to every 
 individual Member of Parliament, by a Wellwisher to the good of the Common¬ 
 wealth of England.” 4to. London: for J. C., 1655. 
 
OF IRELAND. 135 
 
 Little Parliament.’ He was elected by the people of Kinsale, 
 and represented a large district in Munster. 
 
 Living among the Irish, he had as usual learned to love 
 them. He had appreciated that hearty, affectionately loyal 
 race of men, who seem to be fresh from nature’s hand, and to 
 belong to an earlier and uncorrupted world. His land hunger^ 
 had been appeased. He was possessed of considerable estates. 
 He had tasted of the social freedom, the easy and animated 
 life of an unsubdued people. 
 
 Over the rest of Europe a thousand years of Roman and 
 feudal slavery had divided society into conquerors and con¬ 
 quered, into gentlemen and serfs; so that the lower classes are 
 in many countries but emancipated villeins, exhibiting traces of 
 their former serfish condition, in their brutal manners, as those 
 of the nobility and gentry do of conquerors in their haughty 
 carriage to inferiors. Ireland escaped the feudal conquest, 
 and hence, perhaps, it is that the English find in the com¬ 
 monest Irish blackguard something of the gentleman; but on 
 the other hand, that every Irish gentleman seems to them to 
 have something in him of the blackguard. For such they consi¬ 
 der the freedoms used on both sides in Ireland.^ The Scots at 
 
 • He also sat as one of the twenty-nine members for Ireland in the Parlia¬ 
 ment of 1654. 
 
 2 “ The land hunger of the Anglo-Saxon race.”—“ The Times” newspaper. 
 In another article of 29th November, 1861, on the Governor-General’s throwing 
 open the soil of India to English settlers, it says, " that the resolution of 17th 
 October, 1861, appeals to one of the strongest passions in the human breast, the 
 love of land. In most nations this feeling is strong, but in the British popula¬ 
 tion the love of land [of other peoples' Imid^ is powerful in the extreme. Our 
 colonial wars are simply wars for land. We fight for land in New Zealand, at 
 the Cape, and wherever we settle.” Denied it at home, they are led or driven 
 like buccaneers to make prey of it abroad. 
 
 ’ “ lies Gestae Anglorum in Hibernia, or a Supplement to the History of 
 England.” By Rowley LasceUes. Preface to ” Liber Munerorum Publicorum.” 
 In 2 vols. Folio. London: 1826. 
 
136 
 
 TIIK CROMWELLIAN SETTLEJIENT 
 
 this very period observed upon what they called “ this Inglish 
 divill of keeping state.” In England, they said, it might be 
 tolerable ; for that nation, being often conquered, was become 
 slavish, and took it not ill to be slaves to their superiors. But 
 the Scots, having never been conquered, but always a free¬ 
 born people, were only won with courtesies and the cheerful 
 and affable behaviour of their nobles and gentry. No leaders 
 of this reserved carriage could ever, at home or abroad, per¬ 
 form with the Scots any great enterprise. They were, there¬ 
 fore, warned 
 
 “ To learn to shun, to hate 
 The Inglish divill of keeping state.”' 
 
 Gookln is an instance of the power possessed by Ire¬ 
 land, as observed by Giraldus, of enchanting strangers, who 
 are scarce arrived, he says, before they ai'e contaminated by 
 the vices of the Irish. For such are the only terms each 
 Englishman employs, from the first that set foot on the soil 
 to the latest, to describe the customs of the Irish, because 
 he finds they will never become their serfs like Saxons. 
 “These,” writes Sir John Davis, another Englishman, em¬ 
 ployed 400 years later to enslave the Irish by forcing on 
 them the feudal land code in place of the free and equal 
 Brehon law of Ireland (and he uses all the graces of lan¬ 
 guage to hide the foulness of the fraud)—“ these were 
 the Irish customs, which the English colonies did embrace 
 and use, whereby they became degenerate like those who 
 drank of Circe’s cup, and were turned into very beasts, and 
 yet took such pleasure in their beastly manner of life as they 
 would not return to their shape of men again.These Cir- 
 
 ' “ Passages from tke Diary of General Patrick Gordon, of Auchleucliries. 
 A. D. 1635-1699. 4to. Aberdeen. Printed for the Spalding Club, 1859. 
 
 2 Sir John Davis, “ Discovery wby Ireland -was never thoroughly subdued 
 until the reign of King James L,” p. 672. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 137 
 
 cean charms being nothing else than the easy life and man¬ 
 ners of the Irish. Charming indeed is the contrast they pre¬ 
 sent to that dulness, the characteristic, as observed by this 
 same Giraldus, whether innate or the result of feudal serfdom 
 he knew not, of men of Saxon and German stock.* 
 
 His father, Sir Vincent Gookin, in 1634, published a pam¬ 
 phlet in Ireland, in the form of a letter to the Lord Deputy, 
 beinw a bitter invective against the whole nation, Natives, Old 
 English, New English, Papists, Protestants, and all, which so 
 enraged all people against him, as they would have hanged 
 him if they could.* In his “ Great Case of Transplantation Dis¬ 
 cussed,” he objected that the soldiers lately disbanded (espe- 
 
 1 « Description of Wales,” by Giraldus, chap, xv., “ Their freedom and 
 confidence in speaking.” 
 
 2 Pp. 348, 349, “ Earl of Strafford’s Letters,” vol. i. Folio. 
 
 Strange to find even Henry Cromwell, who had warred here as Colonel, and 
 became afterwards Lieutenant-General and Lord Lieutenant, enchanted with 
 the country :— 
 
 “ Henry Cromwell to the Duke of Ormond. 
 
 “ March 8, 1661-2. 
 
 “ May it please your Grace —The time of my protection expires apace. 
 Nor is the expense of this towne [London] very suitable to my condition. It 
 would be of great concernment to mee to knowe my doome [he was seeking to 
 hold his Irish land], before I return into y' country, and I suppose my businessc 
 is now as ripe as ever it can be for a determination. Wherefore I humbly beg 
 leave of your Grace to bee importunatt, that a period may bee putt to my lan- 
 guishings, and the great unsettlement of my relations. I neither expect nor de¬ 
 sire to hold a foot of any restorable land, nor a foote more than what by the 
 mercy of his Majesty’s declaration is afforded mee. 1 onely entreat your Grace 
 to save mee the vexation and hazard of soliciting and attendaunces in Ireland, 
 and of contests with any person whatsoever there, where I wish above all other 
 places to live though never so obscurely under your Grace’s protection, to show 
 how much your Graco’s patience about my business hath obleiged, May it please 
 your Grace, your Grace’s most humble, most faithfull, and most obedient 
 servant, 
 
 “ Henry Cromwell.” 
 
 Carte AISS. FF., p. 265, Bodleian Libraiy. 
 
>38 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 cially the private soldiers) had need of the Irish. They had 
 neither stock, nor money to buy stock, nor, for the most part, 
 skill in husbandry. But by the labours of the Irish on their 
 land, together with their own industry, they might maintain 
 themselves, improve their lands, and by degrees inure them¬ 
 selves suitably to their new course of life.^ Moreover, there 
 were few of the Irish peasantry but were skilful in husbandry, 
 and more exact than any English in the husbandry proper to 
 the country ; few of the women hut were skilful in dressing 
 hemp and flax, and making woollen cloth. In every hundred 
 men there were five or six masons and carpenters at least, and 
 those more handy and ready in building ordinary houses, and 
 much more skilful in supplying the defects of instruments and 
 materials than English artificers.'* They have always been 
 known as uncommon masters of the art of overcoming diffi- 
 
 O 
 
 culties by contrivances. 
 
 The transplantation would Injure the revenue. It was paid 
 out of corn which the Irish raised, living themselves on the 
 roots and fruits of their gardens, and on the milk of their cows, 
 goats, and sheep, and by selling their corn to the English they 
 provided money for the “ contribution.”^ 
 
 A considerable number of English had by this time already 
 come over and scattered themselves over the country, purchas¬ 
 ing farms, and buying stock. This early hope must be nipped 
 in the bud. For, if the transplanting went forward, it would so 
 multiply Tories, they could not live in the country,—and their 
 stock could not live in towns,—’and their improvements and 
 buildings must be utterly lost, and themselves, when they least 
 expected it, undone.^ For many of the inhabitants of Ire¬ 
 land, who were then able to subsist on their gardens, unable 
 to find subsistence in travelling to Connaught, or any imme- 
 
 1 P. i6, “Great Case of Transplantation Discussed." 
 
 * P. 17, ibid. 3 p. ibid. ■' P. 17, ibid. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 139 
 
 diate support when they reached that wasted province, would 
 rather choose the hazard of Torying, than the danger of starv¬ 
 ing.* “The chiefest and eminentest of the nobility, and many 
 of the gentry, had taken conditions from the King of Spain, 
 and had transported forty thousand of the most active spirited 
 men, most acquainted with the dangers and discipline of vvar.^ 
 The priests were all banished. The remaining part of the 
 whole nation was scarce one-sixth part of what they were at 
 the beginning of the war, so great a devastation had God and 
 man brought upon that land ; and that handful of natives left 
 were poor labourers, simple creatures, whose sole design was 
 to live and maintain their families, the manner of which was 
 so low that their design was rather to be pitied, than by any 
 body feared or hindered.”^ Then there was the danger that in 
 Connaught they would be under their chiefs, seated in a 
 country furthest distant from England, with its coast most re¬ 
 mote from the course of the English fleet, ready to receive 
 aid from any foreign country. It was by these advantages 
 the Eno-lish in the late rebellion first lost Connaught, and last 
 regained lt.‘ 
 
 The taxation to maintain the army was so insupportable 
 upon the people under protection, as to amount to a monthly 
 diminution of their capital substance, and drove many hus¬ 
 bandmen to such poverty that they had only the hard choice 
 left of starving or turning Tories.® Their bands had been thus 
 lately much increased ; and the rigour of the Parliament in 
 excepting them from mercy made them resist to the uttermost.® 
 To all these objections was to be added the difficulty of enforc¬ 
 ing the transplantation. “ The Irish would say they could but 
 find want and ruin at the worst if they stay, and why should 
 
 ' P. 20, “ Great Case of Transplantation Discussed.” 
 
 2 Id. Ibid. ® P. 22, ibid. * P. 26, ibid. 
 
 ^ P. 13, ibid. ^ P. 25, ibid. 
 
140 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 they travel so far for that which will come home to them ? 
 Against transplantation the Irish have (’tis strange) as great a 
 resentment as against loss of estate, yea, even death itself. 
 But, supposing they should have a dram of rebellious blood 
 in them, or be sullen and not go ? can it be imagined that a 
 whole nation will drive like geese at the wagging of a hat upon 
 a stick ?”' And in conclusion it was asked, “ When will this 
 wild war be finished ; Ireland planted ; inhabitants disbur- 
 thened; souldiers settled ? The unsettling of a nation is easy 
 work ; the settling is not. The opportunity for it will not last 
 always: it is now. The souldiers, exhausted with indefati' 
 gable labours, hope now for rest. It had been better if Ire¬ 
 land had been thrown into the sea before the first engagement 
 on it, if it is never to be settled.”^ 
 
 FURY OF THE CROMWELLIAN OFFICERS AGAINST THE AUTHOR 
 OF “ THE CASE OF TRANSPLANTATION DISCUSSED.” 
 
 The publication of this work roused all the fury of the 
 officers of the English army. It was just at the moment when 
 one of the three great disbandings was about to take place, 
 and lots to be cast, and possession of their lands to be taken by 
 the soldiery. They sent in petitions from various quarters. 
 “The Council of War at head quarters in Ireland” addressed 
 His Highness the Lord Protector, stating that the Parliament 
 had provided for their satisfaction in land and for the trans¬ 
 plantation of the Irish, and that without such transplantation 
 your petitioners’ lands cannot long be safely enjoyed by them 
 and their posterity.” And they fell upon the author of the 
 book, including him amongst “ some persons belonging to 
 Ireland,” who endeavoured to obstruct them in their settle- 
 
 1 P. 26, “ Great Case of Transplantation Discussed.' 
 ^ Ibid. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 I41 
 
 ment upon the lands provided for them by Parliament, and 
 with plainly injuring the army, and unsettling the work of 
 English plantation in Ireland.' But, besides the odious charge 
 of being an Irishman, or of having “ degendred” as Spenser 
 calls it, from being a “right Englishman,” hating and despis¬ 
 ing the Irish and everything belonging to them but their lands, 
 they insinuated that he was bribed by them :— 
 
 ^'Dublin, February \6tli, 1654-5. 
 
 “ The Irish are troubled to hear of the dissolution of the 
 late Parliament, in whom they had great hopes; but, blessed 
 be God ! their hopes are prevented. There is a letter carry¬ 
 ing on for maintaining of agents, of which I presume the gen¬ 
 tleman that lately wrote the Case of Transplantation (thereby 
 abusing rulers) is to have a considerable share. The Irish'are 
 much given that way, the sweetness of which makes some of 
 those that have lived long among them so much desire their 
 company ; but assure yourself, that if they were in Con¬ 
 naught, Ireland would be a very good land, and soon all 
 planted.”^ 
 
 The Council of War sitting at Dublin plainly stated the real 
 purpose of the transplantation. 
 
 From the officers in the country (as provincials are natu¬ 
 rally more stupidly religious than people at head-quarters), 
 came the following petition, in which is strangely mixed the 
 Bible stuff they had crammed their heads and hardened their 
 hearts with, and the true end in view,—the possession undis- 
 
 > Numb. 26. 
 
 P. 4530, “ Perfect Proceedings of State Affairs in England, Scotland, and 
 Ireland, with the Transactions of other Nations, from Thursday, March 15th, 
 to Thursday, March 22nd, 1654-5. Entered into the Register’s Book according 
 to the Act for Printing. 4to. Printed at London for Robert Ibbetson, dweUing 
 in Smithfield, near Hosier-lane : 1654.” 
 
 2 P. 5136, “ Mercurius Politicus,” &c. 
 
142 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 tiirbed of the lands they had seized from the gentry of Ire¬ 
 land ;— 
 
 “ The humble Petition of the Officers loithin the Precincts of 
 Publm, Catherlough, Wexford, and Kilkenny, in the behalf 
 of themselves, their Souldiers, and other faithful English Pro¬ 
 testants, to the Lord Deputy and Council of Ireland." 
 
 They pray that the original order of the Council of 
 State in England, confirmed by Parliament September 27th, 
 1653, Tequiring the removal of all the Irish nation into Con¬ 
 naught, except boys of 14 and girls of 12, might be enforced : 
 “ For we humbly conceive [say they], that the proclamation 
 for transplanting only the proprietors and such as have bin in 
 arms will neither answer the end of safety nor what else is 
 aimed at thereby. For the first purpose of the transplantation 
 is to prevent those of natural principles [i. e. of natural af¬ 
 fections] becoming one with these Irish, as well in affinity as 
 idolatry, as many thousands did, who came over in Queen 
 Elizabeth’s time, many of which have had a deep hand in all 
 the late raurthers and massacres. And shall we join in affinity 
 [they ask] with the people of these abominations? Would 
 not the Lord be angry with us till he consumes us, having 
 said, ‘ The land which ye go to possess is an unclean land, be¬ 
 cause of the filthiness of the people that dwell therein. Ye 
 shall not therefore give your sons to their daughters, nor take 
 their daughters to your sons,’ as it is in Ezra, ix., ii, 12, 14. 
 
 ‘ Nay, ye shall surely root them out before you, lest they 
 cause you to forsake the Lord your God,’ Deut. vii., 2, 3, 4, 
 16, 18.” . . . 
 
 “ 3rd. Thereby honest men will be encouraged to come 
 and live amongst us, in reguard the other three provinces 
 will be free of Tories when there is none left to harbour or 
 relieve them .... 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 143 
 
 “ 4th. That malice or exasperation of spirit may be pre¬ 
 vented that will arise in them against us when they see us 
 enjoy their estates. 
 
 “ 6th. You may thereby free many from being murthered 
 by those whose relations were killed by their means [i. e. by 
 the English] as instruments in the hand of the Lord, they 
 being a people of such inveterate malice as to continue and 
 labour to revenge themselves twenty or tliirty years after an 
 injury received which they cannot do when separated. 
 
 “ loth. You will thereby enlarge the liberties of the poor 
 English who are confined within walls and garrisons, to their 
 great impoverishment, in reguard that they are fain to house 
 or barn their cattle, and to make use of barren land, whilst the 
 Irish enjoy the benefit of the best land, orchards, and gardens 
 in the country, and keep their cattle abroad both day and 
 night, where they can and do conceal their cattle, which the 
 English cannot do, who by that means will be liable to bear a 
 greater proportion of contribution than the Irish ; all which 
 arguments and reasons we humbly submit to your honours’ 
 most serious consideration, desiring the Lord to direct and 
 guide you therein, and what else may tend to the honour of 
 God and comfort of this poor nation.”* 
 
 “ THE GREAT INTEREST OF ENGLAND IN THE IRISH TRANS¬ 
 PLANTATION STATED,” IN ANSWER TO GOOKIN. 
 
 Colonel Ilichard Lawrence, who seems to have been the 
 leading member of the Committee of Transplantation formed 
 on the 21 st of November, 1653, published an answer.^ He 
 
 ' P. 5236, “Mercurius Politicus,” &c. 
 
 ^ “ The Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation Stated; chiefly in¬ 
 tended as an Answer to a scandalous, seditious Pamphlet, entitled, ‘ The Great 
 Case of Transplantation in Ireland Discussed.’ By a faithful Servant of the 
 Commonwealth, Richard Lawrence.” 4 to, London : 1655. 
 
144 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 said the true reason of the dislike of the Irish to transplant 
 was that they looked to their national interest, and discerned 
 that the transplantation laid the axe at the root of the tree of 
 their future hopes of their recovering their lost ground 
 and besides their unwillingness to quit the possession of their 
 ancient inheritances, and to be settled upon other men’s in¬ 
 heritances in Connaught, they foresaw, perhaps, that the Con¬ 
 naught proprietor might bid them such welcome as they 
 would bid the soldier and adventurer upon their lands.^ It 
 was very necessary, besides, to transplant the Irish owners for 
 the making way and giving encouragement to the souldiers, 
 adventurers, and other Protestant planters to plant their lands 
 with English, and settle themselves upon them ; which not 
 one out of many would be encouraged to do, if every time 
 when he comes to see his lands the ancient Irish proprietor 
 shall salute him upon it with a sad story of his sufferings and 
 hard usage to have his inheritance taken from him and given 
 to other men. hJay, the posterity of that Irishman shall hardly 
 ever pass by the Englishman’s dwelling without cursing him 
 and his successors (in their hearts), and wishing for the time 
 to recover their own again.® 
 
 Not only had Protestant statesmen of Ireland who were 
 advised with on the matter, both at Westminster and in Ire¬ 
 land, recommended it, and several solemn meetings been held 
 upon the business, but several godly ministers and other pious 
 Christians had been desired to attend to seek the Lord toge¬ 
 ther with them for direction in this work ; and Colonel Law¬ 
 rence did not remember that any of them had manifested 
 dissatisfaction, or offered reasons against the work, though 
 very many godly and judicious persons complained of its 
 
 ' P. 19, “ The Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation,” &c. 
 * Ibid. ® P> 24, ibid. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 145 
 
 limitations and slow paceand lie added, in conclusion, “ If 
 any rebellious consequences follow from the mooting of these 
 objections by any Protestant friends of the Irish in such a 
 nick of settlement, I doubt not but God would enable that 
 authority yet in being to let out that dram of rebellious 
 bloud, and cure that fit of sullenness their advocate speaks 
 of.”2 
 
 Accordingly, the state pressed on the great work. “ They 
 were resolved to see it done.” Again and again they filled 
 the gaols, threatening to execute the criminals. 
 
 Wholesale executions, however, for this erime, seem to 
 have been thought inexpedient; but the government had no 
 scruple, we see, to sending them to the West Indies. 
 
 PENALTY FOR THE CRIME OF NOT TRANSPLANTING, CHANGED 
 FROM DEATH TO TRANSPORT.VTION. 
 
 After the summer assizes of 1658 there were a great num¬ 
 ber of convicts in the gaols of the several counties,^ some under 
 sentence of death passed before 1656, when the penalty was 
 changed to transportation; others condemned at the late 
 assizes to be transported. On 26th October, 1658, Ilis Ex¬ 
 cellency and the Council wrote to Sir Charles Coote, Knight 
 and Baronet, President of Connaught, and Colonel Thomas 
 Sadleir, Governor of Galway, and directed them to have a 
 ship properly victualled to carry from 80 to 100 of these 
 criminals, to be ready to sail with the first fair wind direct for 
 
 ' “ The Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation,” &c., p. 9. 
 
 2 P. 25, ibid. 
 
 5 “ 16th January, 1658—9. 
 
 Nathaniel Marks, High Sheriff of the Queen’s County, is answered, “that 
 the convicts at the late assizes for not transplanting he secured in Mariboro’ 
 Castle until the gaol be made capable, pending the general returns of late con¬ 
 victions from all the judges of assize.’’ —, p. 355. 
 
 L 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 146 
 
 the Indian Bridges in Barbadoes. They were to deal with 
 the merchant, the owner of the ship, for the cost of removing 
 them under guards from the several prisons to Galway, and 
 for clothing them when needed. The merchant was to have 
 the disposal of them at Barbadoes, and was to set them down 
 in two days after arriving, except ten intended for a particular 
 person in Barbadoes.’ 
 
 The following explains the concluding passage in the 
 letter of his Excellency and the Council:— 
 
 “ Council Chamber, Dublin Castle, zgth Nov,, 1658. 
 
 “ To Mr. Edward S7nyth. 
 
 “ Sib, —I have, by means of a friend of yours, the tenne 
 men and two women hereunder named, ordered to be delivered 
 to yourself or your assigns at the Indian Bridges or other 
 port in the Barbadoes. 
 
 “These are only to signify to you the same, and that it is 
 agreed with the merchant that you make discharge and pay¬ 
 ment for their passage, your friend here having taken care to 
 defray their charge out of prison and conveyance on ship¬ 
 board. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”^ 
 
 By these means they continued to clear out the ancient 
 gentry and farmers, and fix them in Connaught, where their 
 condition is now to be considered. 
 
 THE TRANSPLANTERS AND THEIR CONNAUGHT ASSIGNMENTS. 
 
 The first orders to the Irish nation, which were dated the 
 14th of October, 165 3, directed the strongest and ablest of them 
 to proceed immediately after Christmas, 1653, to Galway, and 
 
 ' TrC P- ^ Ibid., p. 343 . 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 147 
 
 to present to the Commissioners of Revenue there inventories 
 setting forth the names and number of persons in their fami¬ 
 lies, the quantity of tillage on the lands they were leaving, and 
 stating whether they were freeholders or leaseholders, in 
 order that the Commissioners of Revenue might set them out 
 lands competent to the stock that they had to bring into 
 Connaught, and set them down on them as proprietors or te¬ 
 nants.' 
 
 Their families were to follow before the ist of May; 
 meantime they were to prepare housing for their reception. 
 But before the time for moving arrived. Special Commissioners 
 were appointed to perform this duty, as being too much for 
 the Commissioners of Revenue. They were directed to sit 
 at Loughrea instead of Galway, and thenceforth were known 
 always as the Loughrea Commissioners. 
 
 On the 6th of January, 1654, they received their first in¬ 
 structions,^ which seem to have been prepared by a standing 
 Committee, consisting of Roger Lord Broghill, Colonel 
 Hierome Sankey, Colonel Richard Lawrence, and ten others, 
 who were appointed to sit in the long gallery at Cork House, 
 which then adjoined the Castle of Dublin, every Monday, 
 Wednesday, and Friday, to consider all matters referred to 
 them, and amongst others. How the Great Worke of Trans¬ 
 plantation might be managed and carried on with most ad¬ 
 vantage to the Commonwealth.^ 
 
 These instructions directed that none of the inhabitants 
 
 ’ Order of Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland, 14th October, 1653, in 
 Kilkenny Castle. 
 
 ^ “Instructions for Wm. Edvrards, Edvr. Doyly, Chs. Ilolcroft, and IIy. 
 Greenoway, Esqrs., Commissioners appointed for the Setting out Lands in Con¬ 
 naught to the Transplanted Irish, who are to remove thither before the ist of 
 
 May next.” 
 
 2 Order appointing the Committee, ist Aug. 1653. 
 
 3<>4- 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 I 48 
 
 of Kerry, Cork, or Limerick were to be placed in Clare (as 
 they might thence pcrliaps behold their native hills and plains, 
 and be tempted to return, though the width of the Shannon 
 would seem to have been enough to secure the Cork and Kerry 
 inhabitants in their new abodes). 
 
 None of the inhabitants of Cavan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, or 
 Donegal, were to be placed in Leitrim, as being too near 
 Ulster, besides being a country full of fastnesses ; and, as a 
 general rule, none of those inhabiting within ten miles of the 
 Shannon on this side should be settled near, or have lands as- 
 sio-ned to them within ten miles of the other side. 
 
 O 
 
 Care was also to be taken that the whole inhabitants of no 
 one county, when transplanted, should have lands assigned to 
 them in any one county in part of Connaught, but should be 
 dispersed ; and that the several septs, clans, or families of one 
 name removing should be, as far as possible, dispersed into 
 several places. 
 
 Some thoughtful persons, indeed, went so far as to propose 
 to keep the transplanted Irish of English descent separate 
 from the Irish. It was observed that the transplanted in Con¬ 
 naught were a disjointed people, both as to their principles 
 and interest. “ For though all of them,” said Colonel Law¬ 
 rence, “ be equally Papist, they are not all equally Irish, but 
 a considerable part of them (if not the most considerable) are 
 of ancient English extract (alluding to the Butlers, Talbots, 
 Barnewalls, Plunkets, &c.), who had been of old, and until the 
 late plantation of new English, determined enemies of the 
 Irish.”* And he proposed that the Irish should be kept still 
 divided by being settled entirely, one of them at the one end, 
 and the other at the other end of the province of Connaught. 
 
 1 “ Interest of England in the 'Well Planting of Ireland with English People 
 Discussed,” p. 40. 4to. Dublin ; 1656. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 149 
 
 He proposed, also, that favours might be extended to the one, 
 viz., the English-descended^ Irish (as by being planted near 
 towns, &c.), that should not be to the other, by which means 
 their joint agreement against the English interest would be 
 much obstructed.' But plans of this nicety could scarce be 
 carried out, considering the numbers passing into Connaught, 
 and the constant taking away of lands by the Government for 
 one cause or the other, so that in the end not a twentieth free¬ 
 holder had any land assigned to him.* 
 
 By the Act of Parliament which assigned Connaught for 
 the habitation of the Irish nation, the only parts reserved from 
 them were the towns, and a belt of ground four miles wide 
 beginning at one statute mile round the town of Sligo, and so 
 winging along the sea coast, to be planted with soldiers, in 
 order to shut out relief by sea from abroad.* This belt, how¬ 
 ever, was afterwards carried along the Shannon side, to pre¬ 
 vent escape back to the other provinces.' Its breadth, as 
 land became scarce, was reduced first to three miles, and 
 finally contracted to one mile; and the circle of three miles 
 round Portumna, Athlone, Jamestown, Limerick, and the 
 Pass of Killaloe, on the Connaught side, and of 100 acres 
 round Shrule, Gort, and other garrisons given up, the five 
 miles round the town of Galway alone being still reserved. 
 
 ' “ Interest of England in the Well Planting of Ireland with English People 
 Discussed,” p. 41. 4to. Dublin; 1656. 
 
 “ .A Continuation of the Brief Narrative and the Sufferings of the Irish 
 under Cromwell,” p. 9. 4I0. London; 1660. 
 
 * Act for Sutisfacth)u of the Adventurers for Lands in Irtdand, and of Arrears 
 due to the Souldiery, 26th Sept., 1653. Scobell’s “ Acts and Ordinances,” chap, 
 xii. 
 
 ‘ Additional Instructions to Commissioners at Loughrea, i6th Juno, 1655. 
 
 p. 132. Colonel Ingoldsby and others to make the line, 8th April, 1656. 
 
 2^> 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 150 
 
 The baronies of Tirrera, and Carbuiy in Sligo, then Tir- 
 rerril, Corran, and Leyney were first taken away, and set out 
 to satisfy the disbanded^ And the transplanters who had re¬ 
 ceived assignments there had to gather up their flocks and 
 herds, and with their weary and heart-broken wives and 
 children to begin their wanderings again.^ The ancient pro¬ 
 prietors, too, who had probably been comparing their happier 
 lot with the poor transplanted, to lose only part of their lands 
 to afford the exiles a maintenance, while they still kept their 
 old mansions, had now to transplant to make way for the 
 English soldiery.® 
 
 It will be observed that the barony of Tirrera is bounded 
 on the west by the fine estuary which leads up to Ballina, in 
 Mayo. Opposite is the barony of Tyrawley, with a belt of 
 fine, rich, feeding and grazing land along the estuary, com¬ 
 mencing about Killala, near the mouth, and extending to 
 Ballina. The rest, westwards to Erris, partakes of the nature of 
 that barony, and is a waste of heath and bog. The officers now 
 took the good part of Tyrawley, on the ground that by such 
 an English plantation the sea coast would be greatly secured; 
 they left the bad half for the transplanters.^ The barony of 
 Burren, and the district of Connemara, were for a time re¬ 
 served from the Irish, as being near the sea® and great fast¬ 
 nesses, but were finally set out to the transplanted. 
 
 Leitrim, which had before been suspended from being set 
 out on account of its being such a strong country, became 
 filled in spite of the order with the Ulster Creaghts.® It was 
 the first land they met with on entering Connaught, and they 
 drove their herds of multitudinous small cows into its moun- 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 —1 p- 
 90 
 
 2 
 
 A 
 
 —, p. 70 ^. 
 90 
 
 *> “ Proposition of Loughrea Commissioners Answered, 
 e Id., ib. 
 
 P- 5 '- 
 
 P- 544 - 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 tains and valleys and depastured them, suffering less, pro¬ 
 bably, from the transplantation than others, being accustomed 
 to a wandering life, and to pitch their frail booths, erected of 
 boughs, covered with long strips of green turf, where the 
 pasture suited their herds. .They received various summonses 
 to retire. The county was at length taken for the soldiery, 
 to answer arrears before 5th June, 1649; ancient 
 
 proprietors were ordered to remove to the baronies of Mur- 
 risk and Borrishool, in Mayo, most resembling Leitrim, in 
 the opinion of the Loughrea Commissioners but in the 
 opinion of the proprietors it probably only resembled it in its 
 wildest and worst parts. 
 
 But the transplanter’s trials had only begun when he 
 reached Coimaught. The officers employed had to be bribed 
 by money—if the poor transplanter had any money left—if 
 not, by a secret agreement to give the officer part of the land 
 for laying out the rest, as some relief to him and his starving 
 family.“ The Cootes, the Kings, the Binghams, the Coles, 
 the St. Georges, the Ormsbys, the Gores, the Lloyds, having 
 thus defrauded transplanters of part of their lots, bought up 
 the remnant at two shillings and sixpence, and three shillings 
 per acre, and at the utmost, five shillings.® Major Byrne, 
 having a decree from Athlone for 2000 acres, gave Sir James 
 Cuffe, one of the officers of transplantation at Loughrea, 200 
 for obtaining his assistance in procuring the remainder. 
 Byrne never got any more, and opposed Sir James Cuffe’s 
 claim, in the Court of Claims, to these 200 acres, in 
 
 1 —, p. 161. 
 
 30 
 
 2 “ Petition of Lord Athenry and Sir Nich' Plunket, agents for the Irish 
 before the King and Council, against the Connaught Purchasers being secured in 
 their fraudulent purchases from Transplanters by Proviso proposed in the Bill 
 of Explanation.” [A. D. 1664,] Lib. D., p. too. Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 ’ Ibid. 
 
152 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 1666.' Sir Charles Coote purchased Tyrellan, the Marquis of 
 Clanricard’s great house near Galway, and 4000 acres of that es¬ 
 tate, from transplanters; but gave them up at the Eestoration to 
 Clanricard’s widow, at the King’s request, and on the King’s 
 promise that he should be given as good in the county of 
 DublinOr the officer purchased the Athlone decree for 
 a song, and then got his brother officers to set him out larger 
 scopes than the transplanter was entitled to.’ 
 
 But the transplanter, even after getting a few acres, was 
 not secure. Philip Purcell, of Kilcorish, in the barony of 
 Athlone, county of Galway, on behalf of himself and other 
 transplanted persons, removed into the barony of Athlone, com¬ 
 plained (18 June, 1655), that they had been deprived of their 
 assignments by the Connaught proprietors, and turned out in¬ 
 to the most unprofitable parts of the country and when rein¬ 
 stated, his coAvs were seized by Major Ormsby for arrears of 
 assessment, due five years before his transplantation.® For it is 
 easy to conceive the sore feelings of the Connaught proprie¬ 
 tor, to find himself and his family turned out of his ancient 
 home to make way for a transplanter from Leinster, armed 
 with an assignment from the Commissioners at Loughrea. 
 Thus, Patrick French was forced from his ancestral castle of 
 Monivea, in the county of Galway, to an assignment on part 
 of the Clanricard estate, in order to make way for Lord Trim- 
 leston, banished from his manor, near Trim. In 1660, Patrick 
 French lost his lands on the Clanricard estate by the Mar- 
 
 ' “ Minute Book of Commissioners of Claims,” p. 2 . Office of tke Crown 
 and Hanaper. 
 
 2 Earl of Mountrath. [Sir C. Coote] to Ormonde. Oct. 10, 1660. “ Carte 
 
 Papers,” vol. xxxi., p. 27. 
 
 ® “ Commission of Enquiry into the Frauds in Connauglit Decrees. Art. 8. 
 August, 1663.” “Carte Papers,” vol. xliv., p. 204. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 153 
 
 chioness’s restoration, yet he eould not regain Monivea for 
 though Lord Triraleston got a decree, and passed a patent to 
 be reinstated in his castle of Trimleston, the Adventurer in 
 possession could not be compelled to resign it till he was 
 given a reprise of lands as good as he had got. And Patrick 
 French, and his wife and daughters, wandered about house¬ 
 less until Lord Trimleston died, at Monivea, on 17th Septem¬ 
 ber, 1667. 
 
 Edmund and ISIeyler Burke, of Moyode, and other lands 
 in the county of Galway, within four miles of Loughrea, gave 
 way to Philip Fitzgerald, a transplanter from Munster, and 
 became tenants to him for part of their inheritance. Philip 
 Fitzgerald being restored, on the King’s return, as an Inno¬ 
 cent, to his ancient estate, they petitioned (November loth, 
 1662), for liberty for themselves and their families to re- 
 occupy their own, pending their claim to innocence entered 
 before the Commissioners of Claims.* 
 
 Besides the sufferings of the transplanters from the cor¬ 
 rupt dealings of the officers of transplantation, and the hosti¬ 
 lity of the Connaught proprietors, they had to endure also 
 the vengeance of the transplanted Irish wherever any were 
 known to have favoured the English during the war. On 4th 
 November, 1653, the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland 
 required the members of the High Court of Jusiice, lately 
 held in the respective provinces in Ireland, to certify the 
 names of those who had given evidence against persons con¬ 
 victed of murder, and had thereby incurred the hatred and 
 malice of the kindred and alliance of the persons condemned. 
 
 ' King’s Letter in favour of Patrick French, December loth, i66i. 
 “• Carte Papers,” vol. xlii., p. 250. 
 
 “ Petition of Edmund and Meyler Burke.” “ Carte Paper-s,” vol. lx., 
 
 p. 2 I y. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 154 
 
 as they could not, probably, without much danger, live 
 amongst them in case they transplanted.' 
 
 Edmond Magrath, transplanted from Ballymore, in the ba¬ 
 rony of Kilnemanagh, in the county of Tipperary, had his woods 
 daily cut, on his assignment in the county of Clare, by the Irish, 
 who bore him no good will (he said), for his services to the 
 English.* They had discovered, no doubt, his acting the spy 
 for Sir William St. Leger, President of Munster, during the 
 war,—a fact that appears in a letter under the Lord Protec¬ 
 tor’s hand, dated March the iith, 1657-8, restoring him to 
 his ancient estate of 800 Irish acres, in consideration of his 
 having given intelligence to Sir William St. Leger, deceased, 
 as certified to the Protector when he was in Ireland, and 
 by those put in principal authority there by him since.® 
 
 Then the accommodation was so bad, from the waste of all 
 houses, that many transplanted families had to build sheds to 
 lie under ; and the Commissioners of Parliament empowered 
 Sir Charles Coote, and the Court of Qualifications at Athlone 
 (22nd July, 1655), to give them timber for this purpose, and 
 for ploughs.^ Lady Fitzgerald, wife of Sir Luke Fitzgerald, 
 transplanted from Ticroghan Castle, in the county of Meath 
 (which, as guarding the passage by the head waters of the 
 River Boyne, was called one of the pillars of Leinster),^ wrote 
 (June 13th, 1655), that all the gentry were transplanted, and 
 fain to live under the air, or in such barracks as her corre¬ 
 spondent had at Ballinakill in the siege time.® “Many opulent 
 
 ® “Letters from the Lord Protector, 1654-1658,” p. 121. Kecord Tower, 
 Dublin Castle. 
 
 * -J, P- 2 ° 3 - 
 
 5 “ Ticroghan and Carlow lost, those pillars of Leinster !” “ Excommunica¬ 
 tion of Jamestown.” Sir Richard Cox, “ Hibernia Anglicana.” Appendix, xlviii. 
 
 6 “Intercepted Letter of James Darcy to John Smith, at Dunkirk.” “ 3rd 
 Thurloe’s State Papers,” p. 548. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 i ?5 
 
 persons of good quality; yea, and many of them Peers and 
 Lords of the realm,” says French, Roman Catholic Bishop of 
 Ferns, “were lodged in smoky cabins, and, as might well be 
 said, buried there, and starved to death with their wives and 
 children.'” 
 
 COURT FOR THE CLAIMS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF THE IRISH 
 AT ATHLONE. 
 
 These, however, were only the first rude essays in the 
 great work of transplantation during the first year. They were 
 of less consequence, as the assignments of land were De Be 7 ie 
 Esse, or conditional, and were only preliminary to the final 
 settlements, which were to be made by the court to sit at 
 Athlone for discriminating the qualifications of the Irish. 
 
 These Commissioners, commonly called the Athlone Com¬ 
 missioners, or Court of Claims and Qualifications of the Irish, 
 were appointed (as appears by their commission and instruc¬ 
 tions) on 28th December, 1654.^ 
 
 Their business was twofold : first, to discriminate the guilt 
 of every proprietor—that is to say, his “qualification;” and, 
 second, to ascertain the size and value of the lands he lately 
 held on the English side of the Shannon, and the nature of 
 his estate —that is to say, his “claim.” 
 
 In the Act for Settling Ireland, passed 12th August, 
 1652,® there were eight different qualifications. By the first 
 six, death or banishment and forfeiture were declared against 
 all the chief nobility (some of them Protestant Royalists, as 
 the Earl of Ormond, Primate Bramhal, and others), and all 
 the gentlemen of Ireland who had held commissions of Co- 
 
 ■ “ The Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and true Frinds. A. D, 1676.’’ 
 By the Most Bev. Nicholas French, Bishop of Ferns. P. 192. 2 vols. i2nio. 
 
 Duffy. Dublin : 1846. 
 
 ^ Scohell’s “ Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
i;6 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 lonels, or any higher rank in the army, led by Ormond as 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for King Charles IL, in 1649 
 1650, against Cromwell and the Parliamentary forces in 
 Ireland. Swordmen under that rank fell under the 7th quali- 
 iication, and forfeited two-thirds, and were to transplant. No¬ 
 blemen and gentlemen of Ireland, being Catholics, who had 
 borne no part in the war, but remained quiet, fell under the 
 8th qualification, as not having manifested a constant good 
 affection by some outward acts in favour of the Parliament 
 and against the King, and were to transplant for their religion. 
 They forfeited one-third; Protestants in like condition for¬ 
 feited one-fifth. By the Act for Settling Ireland, all within 
 these qualifications were to receive their proportions of land 
 in Connaught; but by an ordinance of the Protector and 
 Council, Protestants were allowed to compound' for a fine 
 equal to one-fifth, and were dispensed with from transplanta¬ 
 tion. This was equal to two years’ annual value, lands being 
 then valued at ten years their annual profits.^ 
 
 As the whole nation was declared guilty of rebellion, it 
 lay on each claimant to prove both the quantity of his lands, 
 and “ the series of his carriages,” or his course of conduct 
 during the ten years’ war. To check the claimants, the Com¬ 
 missioners were furnished with the Civil Survey, which set 
 forth the names and estates of all the proprietors in 1641,— 
 with the Depositions, taken in 1642, of Protestants complain¬ 
 ing of goods taken from them in the first year of the war, in 
 which were entered every idle hearsay they chose to offer, 
 the more monstrous the better. These were duly alphabeted 
 and indexed. They were also supplied with books of the late 
 
 ' Dated 2nd September, 1654. ScobelTs “ Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
 ‘ Order of Council made on report of the Commissioners of Revenue on Lord 
 Viscount Moore of Drogheda’s Case. Records of late Auditor-General, Custom 
 House, Dublin, vol. xviii., p. 9; on Teig O’Hara’s case, ib., p, ig. 
 
OF IRFLANI). 
 
 *57 
 
 Government of Confederate Catholics. Some of these books 
 were discovered and seized at Waterford; others by Colonel 
 Solomon Kichards, at Kilkenny, in January, 1654.’ On the 
 25th of April, 1654, the Commissioners sent Sergeant Morti¬ 
 mer, the Sergeant-at-Arms attending the Council, to Kilkenny, 
 to receive them by inventory from the Commissioners of the 
 Revenue of that Precinct, with orders to bring them up, and 
 guards were to attend upon him from garrison to garrison, to 
 Dublin Castle.* They comprised the Roll of Association, with 
 the names of all who had become members of the General 
 Assembly by taking the oath, the books of the Supreme 
 Council, and Books of Entries. They were catalogued and 
 indexed by order of the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ire¬ 
 land. On 24th May, 1654, John Smith, for his pains in 
 making catalogues of the books taken at Waterford and Kil¬ 
 kenny, was paid six pounds.* On the 15th May, 1654, £107 
 was ordered to be divided between Ralph Wallis (who declared 
 he had been up late and early at the work), and seven other 
 clerks, for making Indexes to these books in preparation to the 
 sitting of the Court at Athlone.^ These books, as used in 
 evidence against the Irish, were called the Books of Discri¬ 
 mination, and the office where they were lodged, the Discri- 
 nation Office, but more popularly “ the Black Books,” or 
 Black Books of Athlone.* When the Court ended at Ath- 
 
 A A 
 
 • —, p. 620. 2 , p. 309. 
 
 90 85 
 
 * “ Council Book,” among Auditor-General’s Records, vol. x. 
 
 A 
 
 ‘ , P- 95- 
 
 8 “ To Ills Excellency the Loud Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 “ The humble Petition of IFilliam Cooper, Oentlcman, 
 
 “ Sheweth, 
 
 “That your Petitioner had the charge and custody of the Books of 
 Discrimination (commonly called The Black Books), with all the Kilkenny 
 Books, Rolls of Association, and other proceedings of the Supreme Council, and 
 
158 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 lone, on 24 June, 1656, and proceeded to Mallow to hear the 
 claims of the ancient inhabitants of Cork, Youghal, and Kin- 
 sale, these books were conveyed thither -with guards; and 
 when the Mallow proceedings were over, Captain Edward 
 Tomlin, Comptroller of the Train, was ordered on 24 Septem¬ 
 ber, 1656, to furnish a close waggon to convey them to 
 Dublin, and four horse soldiers were furnished to attend the 
 waggons from garrison to garrison, to Dublin. 
 
 According to the evidence thus afforded, and the testimony 
 of witnesses, the Commissioners decreed that the claimant 
 either had no claim, or fell under the 7th or 8th qualification, 
 and so forfeited two-thirds or one-third ; or the claimant got a 
 decree of Constant Good Affeetion, entitling him to be re¬ 
 stored to his estate. 
 
 THE LOUGHREA COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 It now became the duty of the Loughrea Commissioners 
 to set out lands to the transplanted in quantity according to 
 the Athlone Decrees. The assignments thus made were called 
 Final Settlements, to distinguish them from those which the 
 transplanters first received for the support of their stock of 
 cattle. The business having become more important. Sir 
 
 all the Claims and Decrees of Athlone, and several other hooks relating to the 
 Transplanted Interest in Connaught and Clare, for seven years last past, without 
 making any charge for the same, and hath constantly paid a yearly rent of £15 
 to Richard Reynell, Esq., for an office to keep the said hooks and papers from 
 loss and emhezzlement, supposing the same might at some time or other he of 
 use to H. M’s. service, and be of advantage to your petitioner. That in obedience 
 to your Excellency’s order of the 7th November, instant, your petitioner hath 
 prepared perfect inventories of all the said Books, Rolls, Papers, and writings, 
 and hath delivered to the Clerk of the Council, all the said Books, &c., with the 
 said Inventories, &c., as by the said Order he is required, &c.” 
 
 “ i5</t day of June, 1670. 
 
 “ Concordatum Orders,” unbound, among the Auditor-General’s Records, 
 Custom House Buildings. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 159 
 
 Charles Coote, President of Connaught, and others, were 
 joined to the other Commissioners at Loughrea.' 
 
 In consideration, however, of the inconveniency that hap¬ 
 pened to the transplanted Irish, that to their insupportable 
 charges (as they suggested) they were necessitated to travel 
 with their decrees obtained in the Court at Athlone, to the 
 Commissioners at Loughrea, to have lands set out to them 
 pursuant to their decree. The Commissioners were, on 23 
 June, 1655, directed to remove to Athlone by i July follow¬ 
 ing, that the public work of transplantation might be carried on 
 with the most expedition and ease to the said Irish people.^ 
 Transcripts of the Down Survey, with the original of the Civil 
 Survey, were sent for the use of the Commissioners of the 
 Court of Qualifications, and transcripts of the old surveys of 
 Connaught and Clare [Strafford’s Survey] for the Loughrea 
 Commissioners.^ 
 
 The Government early in this year directed the Loughrea 
 Commissioners to give the first comers assignments, with houses 
 and other accommodation, to encourage the nation to come 
 on.'* Instead of which (strange to say), they began with the 
 baronies of Burren and Inchiquin, in the county of Clare, 
 “ generally known and reputed to be sterile,” to the hindrance 
 of the transplantation. Transplanters were also set down in 
 counties totally different in character from those which they 
 and their families had been accustomed to.® 
 
 The cruelty ought to have been apparent of transplanting 
 a nobleman like Lord Trimleston, for instance, with his stock 
 of heavy cattle, from his rich grazing and fattening grounds in 
 Meath, to a sheepwalk in Galway; or John Talbot, of Mala- 
 
 ■ 16th June, 1655. — 
 
 p. 99. 
 
 A 
 
 j. P- '77- 
 
 A 
 
 ‘ lb., p. 82. 
 
l6o THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 hide, from his castle and ancient demesne, in the best part 
 of the county of Dublin, to the wilds of Ends, in Mayo, fit 
 only for goats. 
 
 To remedy these Inconveniences, a committee was ap¬ 
 pointed on the ist of February, 1656, in Dublin, consisting of 
 Sir Hardress Waller, Sir Kobert King, Major-GeneralJephson, 
 and Colonel Hewson, and Colonel Sankey, to consider of the 
 nature and quality of the soil of the respective baronies in the 
 three provinces of Leinster, Munster, and Ulster, and what 
 counties and baronies there were beyond the Shannon to 
 which the transplanted Irish were to remove, that might bear 
 a resemblance in proportion and quality of the lands they left 
 in the other provinces, that they might be set down in lands 
 of like quality and quantity in Connaught.^ And Sir Charles 
 Coote, one of the Loughrea Commissioners, was joined to the 
 committee on account of his experience acquired in Con¬ 
 naught in the business of setting down the transplanted. 
 
 On the 12th of February, 1656, this committee submitted 
 their scheme. Besides resemblance, they took into conside¬ 
 ration the distance from whence the proprietors were to re¬ 
 move, so that the inhabitants of one county should not be 
 removed to a greater distance from their former estates than 
 others. 
 
 According to this scheme, all the inhabitants of Ulster, 
 except the Down and Antrim Irish, were to be set down in 
 various baronies in Mayo and Galway. They lay west of a 
 line drawn due north from the town of Galway, in which were 
 comprised Erris and Connamara, two of the wildest and bar- 
 renest districts in Ireland. The committee probably thought 
 it best suited the wild and fierce nature of the Ulstermen, not 
 reflecting nor caring, probably, that in the counties of Armagh, 
 
 A 
 
 j, P- 35U 
 
OF IRtLANI). 
 
 l6l 
 
 Tyrone, Monaghan, and Cavan, there are some fine lands, the 
 owners of which must suffer great hardship in being set down 
 amonest the heath and rocks of Ends. But these niceties 
 could not, of course, be attended to. The Down and Antrim 
 men, being of ancient Scottish descent, originally from 
 the Hebrides and adjacent coast of Scotland, with some an- 
 tajTonism to the rest of Ulster, were to be set down in the 
 baronies of Clanmorris, Carra, and Kilmaine, keeping them 
 still divided from the other Ulstermen. 
 
 To the Kildare, Meath, Queen’s County, and Dublin Irish, 
 coming from the finest feeding and fattening lands in Ireland, 
 were assigned the barony of Boyle, comprising the famous 
 plains of Boyle, that fatten a bullock and a sheep to the acre ; 
 and the baronies of Roscommon and Ballintubber, and the 
 half barony of Bellamo, in the county of Roscommon ; and so 
 of the rest.* 
 
 Their proposals follow : — 
 
 “ Proposals in order to assigning certain Baronies in Connaught 
 and Clare to certain Counties in the other Prooinces. 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the Province of Ulster (except the 
 Counties of Down and Antrim) to be transplanted into the 
 Baronies of Muckullen, Rosse, and Ballinihinsey, in the ter¬ 
 ritory of Ere Connaught, and County of Galway (except what 
 is reserved by the Lyne on the Sea), and into the Baronies of 
 Moyrisk, Burryshoule, and the half barony of Irish [Errls], 
 parte ofTyrawley Barony (parte of it being given to the sol¬ 
 diers), and Costello Barony (except what is on the line afore¬ 
 said), and into Tyaquin Barony, in the Co. of Galway. 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the Counties of Corke and Wexford 
 to be transplanted into the Baronies of Dunkellyn and Kil- 
 
 ' izthFeb., 1655-6, “Proposals for efifecting the better setting do^vn of the 
 
 A 
 
 Irish transplanted into Connaught,” — , p. 189. 
 
i62 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 tartan, in the County of Galway (except what is on the lyne 
 on the sea), and into Atlilone Barony and the half Barony of 
 Moycarnane (except what is on the lyne of the Shannon), in 
 the County of Roscommon. 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the County of Kerry to be transplanted 
 into Inchiquin and Burren Baronies, in the County of Clare, 
 and into the territories of Artagh, in the Barony of Boyle, in 
 the County of Roscommon. 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the Counties of Down and Antrim to 
 be transplanted into the Baronies of Clanmorris, Carra, and 
 Kilmaine, in the County of Mayo. 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the Counties of Kilkenny, Westmeath, 
 Longford, King’s County, and Tipperary, to be transplanted 
 into the Baronies of Tullagh, Buni’atty, Islands, Corcomroe, 
 Clonderlau, Moyfartagh, and Ibrican, in the County of Clare, 
 and into the half Barony of Bellamo, in the County of Galway, 
 
 “ The inhabitants of the Counties of Catherlagh, Waterford, 
 and Limerick, into the half Baronies of Loughrea and Leitrim, 
 and the Baronies ofDunmore and Kilconnell, and the half 
 Barony of Longford (except what is in the lyne), in the County 
 of Galway. 
 
 “ And the inhabitants of East Meath, Kildare, Queen’s 
 County, and Dublin, into the Baronies of Roscommon andBal- 
 lintobber, in the half Barony of Bellamo and the Barony of 
 Boyle (except the territory of Artagh), in the County of Ros¬ 
 common. 
 
 “ Memorandum.—That Louth is reputed much better land 
 than Wicklow, and to be accordingly estimated. 
 
 “ Dated at Duhlin, 12th February, 1656-6. 
 
 “Hardress Waller. Charles Coote. Robert King. 
 
 John Hewson. Wm. Jephson. Hierome Sankey.”‘ 
 
 ‘ P- >89- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 163 
 
 The plan of consigning to the four baronies of Ballintober 
 in Roscommon, and Athlone in Galway, and Tulla and Bun- 
 ratty in Clare, “ Irish widows of English extraction” (by 
 which are to be understood the widows of the nobility and 
 ancient English gentry—ladies such as Viscountess ]\Iayo, 
 Lady Louth, Lady Grace Talbot, Lady Dunboyne, &c.), was 
 the suggestion of the Committee of Transplantation, as early 
 as 5th of May, 1654.* In the following year it was conceived 
 that three would be enough, and Ballintober was cut ofF.^ 
 Notwithstanding the vast amount of Connaught already 
 withdrawn from Transplanters, the Commissioners had orders 
 to reserve one choice barony in Clare, and one in Galway, for 
 the disposal of the Government.^ 
 
 For the Lord Henry Cromwell, also, was reserved Por- 
 tumna Castle, park, and gardens, the ancient seat of the Earls 
 of Clanrickard, with 6000 acres next adjoining.■* 
 
 Sir Charles Coote, Colonel Sadleir, iMajor Ormsby, and 
 others did not think it beneath them to still further diminish 
 the fund of land,® for the support of the exiled Irish nation, 
 and got grants in Connaught. Two-thirds of Mayo was taken 
 to answer soldiers’ arrears of Cromwell’s army of Ireland, in¬ 
 curred in England before the 5th of June, 1649; and as the 
 remaining third was mountainous and maritime, the Commis¬ 
 sioners of Parliament thought they might as well make a clean 
 sweep of Mayo ; the Loughrea Commissioners were therefore 
 ordered to take care that no Irish should set down within that 
 county either as proprietors or tenants, to the end it should be 
 planted with English,—that importing most of public safety 
 
 • Order Book of Council, Custom House Buildings, vol. vii. 
 .A A 
 
 p. III. 
 
 P- 55 - 
 
 ‘ — , p. 277 ; and see Letter of Ileniy Cromwell, supra, p. 137, n. ib. 
 
 * —, p. 266. 
 iO 
 
 M 2 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 1 64 
 
 and advantage.* This, however, would seem to have been 
 given back when they found that all disposable lands had been 
 set out, except the two reserved baronies, and except what 
 was waste and remote; and that many Irish proprietors and 
 their families, who had left fine estates, were still unaccom¬ 
 modated, and reduced to little better than a starving condition.^ 
 
 The rule of Settlement now became impracticable. Mr. 
 Thomas Shortak and i\Ir. Richard Nugent,^ and others, com¬ 
 plained that their Athlone decrees were not satisfied in the 
 baronies appointed for those in their capacity. Maurice Lord 
 Viscount Roche, of Fermoy, was sent off on his wearisome 
 and fruitless journey on foot to the Owles, in the wildest and 
 remotest part of Connaught® (and had nothing but his labour 
 for his pains), Instead of being set down with the inhabitants 
 of the county of Cork, in the baronies of Kiltartan and Dun- 
 kellin in the county of Galway, or of Athlone, or Moycarnon, 
 in Roscommon. 
 
 COURT AT MALLOW TOR THE CLAIMS AND QUALIFICATIONS OF 
 THE IRISH OF CORK, YOUGHAL, AND KINSALE. 
 
 It was before a court at Athlone that the Irish nation had to 
 appear, to receive each man his doom. An exception, however, 
 was made in favour of “the Ancient inhabitants of Cork, Kin- 
 sale, and Youghal,”® for whose trial a court was held at Mallow 
 by the same judges as sat at Athlone, and these Ancient inhabi¬ 
 tants were granted the peculiar privilege, that they were not 
 in the mean time forced to transplant like the rest of the na- 
 
 , A , A A 
 
 1 —, p. 123. > p. 233. > p. 230. 
 
 10 26 12 
 
 * Ib., ib. ® See at close of this chapter. 
 
 6 The case of the ancient natives of Youghal is not given in the Mallow 
 Commissioners’ Eeport; but they were turned out of that town at the same time 
 as the natives of Cork. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 165 
 
 tion, but were permitted to reside in the county of Cork until 
 the sitting of the court. 
 
 The conduct which entitled them to this signal distinction 
 was their loyalty to the English interest, as it was called; for 
 though they were all Eoman Catholics, they united themselves 
 to the English and Protestant forces, shut the gates, manned 
 the walls, and kept watch and ward with them against their 
 own countrymen and co-religionists. 
 
 One would expect that the judgment of the Commis¬ 
 sioners, if it did not mark them out for further favour, would 
 at least have declared that they were not to be included in 
 the dreadful doom pronounced on the rest of the nation. 
 
 But by the proceedings of the court, of which there re¬ 
 mains a full account under the hands of the Commissioners 
 themselves, it will be seen that it was easier for a camel to go 
 through the eye of a needle than for an Irish adversary of 
 the English rebels, dwelling in Ireland, to escape transplan¬ 
 tation to Connaught. 
 
 When the rebels of England, at the end of the year 1643, 
 induced the rebels of Scotland by a gift of £100,000 to in¬ 
 vade England a second time to help them against the King, 
 the King turned to Ireland to obtain forces, and Lord Or¬ 
 mond, at his command, sent him over considerable bodies of 
 troops. 
 
 But the King placed his chief hopes in the aid he expected 
 to derive from the Confederate Catholics upon the conclusion 
 of a treaty for a peace ; preliminary to which he directed 
 Lord Ormond to enter into a Cessation of arms with them. 
 The new English of Ireland, composed chielly of Planters 
 since Queen Elizabeth’s time, whose hatred and fear of the 
 Irish, on account of the injuries they had inflicted on them, 
 far exceeded their loyalty to the King, could not endure the 
 idea of the King's vanquishing the rebels of England by such 
 
THE CROJIWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 166 
 
 aid. “ Where would the Protestant religion be,” they asked, 
 
 “ if the King conquered by the aid of the Irish ?”* Or, rather 
 (for this was the religion they thirsted after), where would the 
 lands of the ancient nobility, gentry, and people of Ireland be 
 in that case, which, to the extent of £2,500,000 acres, the 
 Parliament had already confiscated by anticipation, while the 
 Puritan rebels and their followers had in imagination swallowed 
 up the rest ? The Earl of Inchiquin, who commanded large 
 forces in Munster for the King, and had his head-quarters at 
 Cork, now turned over for this cause to the Parliament side. 
 He wrote to his brother Henry, who held Wareham with his 
 (In chi quin’s) regiment, for the King, to deliver that town to 
 the Parliament, and bring the regiment to Ireland ; and wrote 
 letters to Colonel Mynn, Colonel Poulet, and Colonel St. Leger, 
 uro-ino; them also to brin^ back their forces to Munster.* 
 These were regiments that had been sent over to aid the King 
 against the Parliament, in the year 1643, on the Cessation 
 made with the Irish. He impressed upon them his conviction 
 that “ deserving men would have the estates of their enemies 
 conferred upon them by the Parliament at the end of this war, 
 as it was at the end of the last war, i. e. Tyrone’s wars.”* This 
 could not be expected if the King were to put down the re¬ 
 bellion of England by the aid of the Irish. Meantime he drove 
 out all the Old English inhabitants of Irish birth, pretending 
 he could not be safe with them because they were “ Irish” 
 and Catholic, though they had shut the gates against the Irish 
 
 ' “ A Letter from the Eight Hon. the Lord Inchiqnin and the other Com¬ 
 manders in Munster to His Majestie, expressing the Eeasons for not holding the 
 Cessation any longer with the Eehells, &c.; with several other Letters to Friends 
 here in England, advising them to return to their former Charges in Ireland, &c. 
 Published by authority.” 4to. London: 1644. 
 
 2 Ib. 
 
 - Ib. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 167 
 
 in 1641, and had ever since joined with the King’s forces, de¬ 
 fending the town against them. Sending for the mayor and 
 corporation at 6 in the morning, on 26 July, under pretence 
 that he had to make a journey to Doneraile, and would speak 
 with them before his departure, he got them into his garden, 
 and there kept them surrounded by soldiers, horse and foot, 
 with lighted matches. Then, attended only by the sheriffs, 
 he proceeded through the streets ordering all the Irish in¬ 
 habitants (as they were called), both old men and young men, 
 to withdraw out of the city ; which done, he ordered out the 
 clergy, and also the women of what quality soever, but to 
 carry nothing with them, his lordship observing, in answer to 
 the remonstrance of the mayor, “ that if they were all lords, 
 they must all begone.” While thus detained, the troops with 
 their petronels ready spanned in their hands, were driving the 
 rest of the inhabitants out of the city, locking up their houses 
 and taking their keys into their keeping ; so that in less than 
 two or three hours’ time the city was depopulated, and not an 
 Irish inhabitant left therein, and they and their wives and 
 children left with no other lodging but under hedges and 
 ditches, being not able to put one bit into their mouths.' When 
 Inchiquin returned again to the King’s interest in 1648, the 
 Irish inhabitants, or such of them as survived, were let back, 
 but only to be again driven out on the revolt of the English 
 garrison to Cromwell, 23rd October, 1649, “ when they were 
 plundered of all that ever they had, insomuch as for the space 
 of twenty-four hours one did not know the miseries of the 
 other, by which means (says Philip Martel, in his petition of 
 22nd December, 1649), the poor inhabitants have a greater 
 
 ' “ A Relation of tLe passadges between the Lord inebiquin and the Mayor 
 and jUdermen of Corke, upon bis Lopp’^ expelling the Irish inhabitants of the 
 citty, subscribed by Robert Coppinger, Mayor, and John Galwaye, Sheriffe, July, 
 1644." “Carte Papers,’’ vol. xi., 402. 
 
i68 the CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 sense of the last than of the former plundering.”’ At the same 
 time that Tnchiquin turned out the Irish in 1644, he wrote 
 over to England, suggesting that the Parliament should give 
 the houses and lands of the expulsed inhabitants to the Eng¬ 
 lish remaining in the city of Cork.^ 
 
 As Irish evidence is not to be believed unless it be to the 
 prejudice of the nation (according to the maxim that an 
 Irishman’s oath is of no value except to hang another), the 
 loyalty of the Ancient natives of Cork would probably not be 
 credited unless upon English testimony. Against the calum¬ 
 nious and interested charges of Lord Inchiquin, therefore, 
 there is to be set the solemn report of the Duke of Ormond, 
 the Earl of Anglesey, and Sir George Hamilton (no friends of 
 the Irish), made at the order of the King, on the petition of 
 these expelled inhabitants, who prayed at the Eestoration to 
 be restored to their lands and former habitations. 
 
 By this report it was certified that the ancient natives of 
 Cork had at all times from the breaking out of the troubles 
 and disturbances acted witli and for the English interest equally 
 with the English Protestants ; that when they were put out 
 of their houses and from their habitations, they, to hold still 
 firm to their loyalty, had immediate recourse, and only 
 refuge by their mayor, Robert Coppinger, to the Lord 
 hlarquis of Ormond, as the pi’oper centre, in whose hands 
 they deposited the badges of their privileges—namely, the 
 sword, mace, and cap of maintenance ; and his Lordship, in 
 acknowledgment of such faithful and loyal deportment, 
 knighted the said Robert Coppinger ; and then promised, in 
 the behalf of his late Majesty, to render unto them in season¬ 
 able time the said sword, and mace, and cap of maintenance. 
 
 1 “Carte Papers,” vol. clvi., 499. 
 ’ “ A Letter,” &c., p. 166, supra. 
 
OF IRELAND. 169 
 
 and to testify to their advantage how properly they had de¬ 
 posited the same in due timed 
 
 They further reported that it appeared by two several 
 letters from his late Majesty of ever blessed memory, in the 
 years 1643 and 1644, directed to the mayor, aldermen, and 
 commons of that city, that they had, towards the maintenance 
 of His Majesty’s army, issued in loans and otherwise the sum 
 of £30,000, besides their other sufferings mentioned in their 
 former petition, amounting to £60,000 ; and when their stock 
 in corn was totally exhausted, they willingly gave up their 
 plate, household stuff, and moveables, to advance his late 
 Majesty’s service, which the said late King declared himself 
 so sensible of, that he said the same should be in due time re¬ 
 membered to their great advantage, and returned to their 
 loyal bosoms.'* The inhabitants further alleged, that in the 
 beginning of the Rebellion they invited the English into the 
 city. And when the ancient natives were expelled, “ some of 
 them had their throats cut by the Tories (the rascal Irish), 
 for their joining with the English.”'* 
 
 The case of the Ancient inhabitants of Klnsale is to be 
 found in the report of Cromwell’s Commissioners. The Court 
 was opened on the 22nd of July, 1656. On the 29th, the 
 case of Thomas Toomey (otherwise Thomas) was heard. Most 
 of the claims depended upon it. The judges heard it at great 
 length. They adjourned to the following morning, to allow 
 the counsel at the bar to speak to it. The claimant owned a 
 house in Kinsale, under a lease made in 1635. He was a ship¬ 
 wright, and worked in the King’s dockyard there. It was 
 proved that he shut the gates against the Irish in 1641 ; that 
 he served as a corporal under Captain John Farlo ; that he 
 
 ' Report, dated 13th February, 1661, Liber D., of aseries of volumes, folio, 
 relating to the Act of Settlement, in the Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 ’ It). * “ Concerning Inuocency.” “ Carte Paper.s,” xliv., 132, 
 
170 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 kept watch and ward when the rebels besieged the town. It 
 came out, however, that after Inchiquin revolted from the 
 Parliament, in 1649, and returned to the King’s side, contri¬ 
 bution was collected by the magistrates, and paid by Toomey* 
 (as by all the other inhabitants) to his receivers ; that dis¬ 
 tresses were taken on everybody; none durst refuse payment 
 of contribution to Inchiquin. This, however, was the claimant’s 
 ruin. It deprived him of the plea of Constant Good Affection, 
 which but for this he might have maintained. He had “con¬ 
 tributed money or victuals not levied by actual force,” and this 
 brought him within the Eighth qualification. The conse¬ 
 quences appear from the following special report of these pro¬ 
 ceedings made by the Commissioners to the Government:— 
 
 “ COL'RT AT JIAI.LOW FOR THE QUALIFICATIONS OF THE IRISH 
 THAT FORMERLY INHABITED THE TOWNS OF CORKE, 
 YOUGHAL AND KINSAI.E. 
 
 “ 2<^th of August, 1656. 
 
 “This day the claimants’ counsel demanded the judgment 
 of the Court upon the point of Constant good affection ; and 
 first in the case of Thomas Toomey of Kinsale, whether upon 
 proof he hath manifested Constant good affection. 
 
 “Mr. Justice Cooke.— Negative. 
 
 “ Mr. Justice Halsey.— Negative. 
 
 “ It is adjudged that Thomas Toomey hath not manifested 
 Constant good affection ; but falls within the eighth qualifica¬ 
 tion, to have two parts of his estate in Connaught. 
 
 “ Court. —The counsel for Thomas Toomey is to proceed 
 upon his title.^ 
 
 1 It would seem from tliis that the ancient inhabitants of Kinsale continued 
 to ilwell there during the whole war. 
 
 2 That is, to prove what lands he was formerly possessed of, in order to re¬ 
 gulate the quantity to he now set out to him in Connaught. 
 
OF IRELAND. 171 
 
 “ Mr. Silver. —He is resolved not to go Into Connaught. 
 
 “ Mr. Hoare. —And so they are all. 
 
 “Mr. Silver. —My clients do further demand the judg¬ 
 ment of the Court, whether they, and how many of them, 
 have proved their Constant good affections ? 
 
 “Court. —We have seriously considered of the several 
 cases and several claimants named, as George Gold Fitz-Wil¬ 
 liam, Dominick Sarsfield, David Terry, Patrick Galway, James 
 Gough, Patrick Meagh, Stephen Coppinger, Patrick Roth, 
 John Coppinger, James Murrow, John Levallyn, James Le- 
 vallyn (and so all the claimants were named particularly). 
 
 “ Justice Halsey. —If you demand of us any further judg¬ 
 ment in any particular client’s case, you shall have it; though 
 you see we have run over them all. 
 
 “Claimants’ Counsel. —We humbly demand the judg¬ 
 ment of the Court upon the whole, whether any Claimant hath 
 proved Constant good affection ? 
 
 “ Justice Cooke. —Negative. 
 
 “ Justice Halsey. —Negative. 
 
 “ Resolved by the Court, that not any one of a Popish 
 claimant hath proved Constant good affection. 
 
 “ Justice Cooke. —Now proceed upon the title distinctly. 
 
 “ Clamants’ Counsel. —Not one of our clients will pro¬ 
 ceed. 
 
 “ Court. —You had best to advise your clients what to 
 do. We shall stay your leisure. Therefore adjourn till the 
 afternoon. 
 
 “ Saturday Afternoon. 
 
 “ Jx’STicE Cooke, present; Justice Halsea', present. 
 
 “Court.— Will the counsel, or any of the attorneys for 
 any of the claimants, proceed to their titles ? 
 
 “Mr. Sila’ER. —James Gough, Patrick Meagh, Stephen 
 Coppinger, Patrick Roth, John Coppinger, James Murro, 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 172 
 
 John Levallyn (and so all the claimants were named par¬ 
 ticularly). 
 
 “ Court.— We have considered of the several causes of 
 every claimant in Court, and have singled out about thirty 
 which may come nearest to Constant good alfeetion. And we 
 cannot find that any of them hath manifested Constant good 
 affection according to the strict rule of law, but all fall short 
 in some point or other. 
 
 “ Claimants’ Counsel. —We hope in equity our clients 
 shall not be sent into Connaught among their enemies. 
 
 “ Court.— We must proceed, as our Commission re¬ 
 quires, according to law ; and we cannot find how the Irish 
 can be in a better eondition than the English (who are to for¬ 
 feit a fifth for their delinquency) had it not been for His High¬ 
 ness’ Ordinanee of Indemnity.* 
 
 “ Claimants’ Counsel. —Our clients would willingly lose 
 a great deal more. 
 
 “Court. —We cannot alter the law, but must judge ac¬ 
 cording to law. 
 
 “Mr. Silver. —Our clients will not take any lands in 
 Connaught. We have demanded the judgment of the Court 
 coneernlng the several estates of our clients that are Pro¬ 
 testants, as, namely, Mr. Robert Southwell, William Chidley, 
 William Howell, Christopher Sugar, and others, who were Pro¬ 
 testants and proprietors at the time of the Act of Settlement. 
 
 “ Court. —We shall consider of the several eases of the 
 Protestant claimants who had bond fide purchased from Papists 
 before the Aet of Settlement, as to that point only, whether 
 
 ‘ Protestants who had not shown a Constant good affection to the Parlia¬ 
 ment were liable to transplantation. By an ordinance of 2nd September, 1654, 
 they were allowed to compound for two years’ annual value of their real and 
 personal estates, which was equal to one-fifth as lands were then rated, viz., at 
 teu years’ purchase, and to be spared from transplantation. 
 
OF IRELAND. 173 
 
 they can be in a better position than those from whom they 
 claim. 
 
 “ Justice Cooke. —Proceed, therefore, to the titles of your 
 Irish clients, 
 
 “Claimants’ Counsel. —We have advised with our clients, 
 and they are resolved not to take any lands in Connaught. 
 
 “The First proclamation was made. 
 
 “ Court. —Crier, make proclamation again, that all per¬ 
 sons who have any business here to do may come in and be 
 heard. 
 
 “ Second proclamation was made. 
 
 “ Court. —Will you proceed before the last proclamation 
 be made, or else it will be too late ? 
 
 “Claimants’ Counsel. —We humbly pray the Court to 
 adjourn till Munday, that we may better advise with our clients. 
 
 “ Court. —Adjourn till Munday, at 8 of the clock. 
 
 ‘'^Munday, Sept, i, 1656. 
 
 “ Cooke, present; Halsey, present. 
 
 “ Court. —Will any of the claimants proceed upon their 
 titles, that they may have their proportions in Connaught ? 
 
 “ Claimants’ Counsel. —There being only present Mr. 
 Hoare and Mr. Silver, Attorneys (Mr. Fisher, Mr. Jones, 
 Mr. Barber, and all the other Protestant practizers having left 
 the Court), 
 
 “ Mr. Silver. —The claimants will not a man of them pro¬ 
 ceed unless they may enjoy their own estates ; they will not 
 go into Connaught. 
 
 “ Court. —They must transplant according to law. 
 
 “The Court urged them several times to proceed, but 
 they would not. 
 
 “ Court. —Make proclamation, requiring all that have any 
 business at this Court to come in and proceed. 
 
174 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ Third proclamation made. 
 
 “Nothing moved. 
 
 “ The claimants made a noise, some of them saying they 
 had rather go to the Barbadoes than into Connaught amongst 
 the rebels. 
 
 “Court. —We shall eonsider of the claims of the Pro¬ 
 testants, and they shall know our judgment thereon. 
 
 “ The Court arose, and day to”-* 
 
 They append the following letter : — 
 
 “ May it please your Lordships, 
 
 “ Upon mature consideration (so far as the Lord hath 
 enabled us) we have proceeded to judgment in the causes de¬ 
 pending before us, and have not adjudged Constant good 
 affection to any one of the claimants ; but the law will be clear 
 for most of them to have two parts in Connaught. We have en¬ 
 deavoured to the utmost of our apprehensions to convince and 
 satisfy the claimants and standers by of the legality and jus¬ 
 tice of our proceedings; and because in so great an expecta¬ 
 tion we feared that, if all should be transplanted, it might seem 
 to carry some face of rigour, we spared no pains to distinguish 
 the merits of each case ; and as we were selecting ten or 
 twenty that might best pretend to be legally restored to their 
 own estates, the next claimants had instantly as much to say 
 for themselves; and when he had named and weighed about 
 eighty-six cases, which possibly might come nearest to the 
 mark of Constant good affection, presently the claimants’ 
 counsel named others to us, which we in our reason could not 
 deny but that they did equally merit with the rest; so as we 
 found an absolute necessity to deny Constant good affection 
 to all or none (some very few exceptions that will fall within 
 
 Blank in the Report. 
 
OF IRELAND. I 7 5 
 
 ist or 7th qualification) ; and that which turned the scale 
 was their residence with Inchiquin after his revolt. 
 
 “We have called upon them to proceed to their titles, 
 and adjudged the 8th qualification to many of them, which 
 for the present they decline and refuse, and will not proceed 
 upon their titles, so as we can proceed no further therein. 
 
 “ They make great asseverations that they dare not go into 
 Connaught for fear of their lives, and that they had rather be 
 sent to the Barbadoes, wdiich we tell them are vain and frivo¬ 
 lous allegations, and that by law they are transplantable. So 
 most of them have left us. We have caused several procla¬ 
 mations to be made that if any person have anything to do he 
 may come in and be heard; and shall stay so long as any of 
 them will proceed. Having done according to our Commis¬ 
 sion, to the best of our skill and knowledge, and so we humbly 
 
 remain, * 
 
 “ Your Lordships’ most humble 
 
 “ And faithful Servants, 
 
 “ John Cookk, W^m. IIai.sey. 
 
 “ P. S.—If your Lordships shall be pleased to enlarge our 
 Commission until the 29th inst., my brother Santhy and 
 myself will have ended the circuit (God willing), by the 
 i6th inst., and be at Moyallo by the i8th inst., where we 
 have ordered the clerk to stay for us. 
 
 “ J. Cooke. 
 
 “ To the Honourable the Lord Deinity and Council 
 for the Affairs of Ireland.”'- 
 
 But Cromwell, by special Ordinance, exempted them from 
 transplantation to Connaught, assigning them to dwell in 
 
 ' From a quarto volume in the Record Tower, Dublin Castle, endorsed, 
 “ Mallow Proceedings.” 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT. 
 
 176 
 
 the baronies of Barrymore and Muskerry, two miles distant, 
 at least, from any walled town or seaport.' And there they 
 were continued by the Act of Settlement, and thence might 
 behold the ancient dwellings of themselves and their families 
 shared between the Cromwellian soldiers and the ’Forty-nine 
 Protestant Koyalist Officers.'' 
 
 CONCLUSION-WITH INSTANCES OF SOME TRANSPLANTERS’ 
 
 SUFFERINGS. 
 
 Walter Cheevers, of Monkstown, descended from a family 
 that came in with the Conquest'* of Henry II., was possessed 
 in 1641 of a large estate beween Dublin and Kingstown. 
 The ruins of his castle are still to be seen not far from the 
 Salthill station of the Dublin and Kingstown railway. The 
 Marquis of Ormond and Sir Maurice Eustace, by their report 
 made to the King after the Restoration, certified that of their 
 own knowledge he was very innocent of the rebellion, and had 
 been very faithful to the King and his Royal Father of Blessed 
 Memory, and knew no reason why he should be deprived 
 of his estate more than that Colonel Edmund Ludlow had ob¬ 
 tained a grant of it from Oliver Cromwell.^ But he was a 
 
 1 “ Abstract of tbe Proceedings concerning the Eebels, or Forfeited Estates 
 in Ireland, from the 23rd of October, 1641, to 9th May, 1659." Volume B. 
 “ Collections concerning the Act of Settlement,” p. 252. Record Tower, Dublin 
 Castle. 
 
 2 i4tb and 15th Cbas. II. (A. D. 1662), cbap. 2, xviiitb clause of His Ma¬ 
 jesty’s Declaration of Settlement of 30 Nov. 1660. 
 
 3 Jobn Cheevers, of Mayston, in the county of Meath, in his petition to the 
 Lords Justices, sets forth that his ancestors have until the usurper’s time en¬ 
 joyed the lands granted unto them by Bong Henry II. on the Conquest. Vol. 
 M., p. 439, papers relating to the Act of Settlement; Record Tower, Dublin 
 Castle. 
 
 * “ Recitals in the King’s Letter, dated at Whitehall, 22nd Nov., 1660. 
 Addressed “ To the Chief Baron, to the Sheriff of the County of Dublin, and all 
 other our loving subjects whom it may concerned 
 
 Book of King’s Letters, Chief Remembrancer’s Office, Court of Exchequer of 
 Ireland. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 177 
 
 Catholic and an Irishman (as that term was understood in 
 England), and had not shown that Constant good affection to 
 the Parliament of England that alone exempted the Irish from 
 transplantation. He was, moreover, guilty of another crime 
 (like the bear, who is often killed, not for what he has done, 
 but for his skin)—he had a fine house and estate. This was 
 granted by Cromwell to General Ludlow, one of the Commis¬ 
 sioners of Parliament for the affairs of Ireland ; and Mr. 
 Cheevers was ordered to transplant, with his family, to Con¬ 
 naught. On the 16th December, 1653, he sent in to the 
 Commissioners of Eevenue of the precinct of Dublin the par¬ 
 ticulars required by government from all transplanters, by 
 which may be seen the number of his family, and the extent 
 of his stock and crop, and what tenants or friends proposed 
 to accompany him to Connaught. The certificate is as fol¬ 
 lows :—viz.:—“Walter Cheevers, of sanguine complexion, 
 brown hair, and indifferent stature ; his wife, Alson Netter- 
 ville, otherwise Cheevers, with five children, the eldest not 
 above seven years old; four women servants, and seven men 
 servants, viz., Daniel Barry, tall stature, red beard, bald 
 pate; Thady Cullen, of small stature, browne haire, no haire 
 on his face ; Morgan Cullen, of small stature, blind of one 
 eye, with black haire ; Philip Birne, aged about forty years, 
 black haire, low stature; William Birne, tall stature, aged 
 thirty-five years; Patrick Corbally, aged forty years, red 
 haire, middle stature. The said Walter doth manure twenty 
 colpe of corn, and hath twenty cows, sixty sheep, thirty hoggs, 
 two ploughs of garrans. The tenants willing to remove with 
 him are Arthur Birne, of little stature, brown haire, aged 
 thirty years; Dudley Birne, middle stature, brown haire, 
 aged twenty-five years—which tenants have a plough of gar¬ 
 rans, twelve cows, forty sheep ; Martin M'Guire, tall of sta¬ 
 ture, and redd haire, aged thirty years, hath six cows, four 
 
 N 
 
178 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 garrans, twenty sheepe ; Tho'. Eustace, lowe stature, browne 
 baire, twenty-five years, hath ten cows, forty sheep, a plough 
 of garrans, and ten hoggs. The substance whereof we conceive 
 to be true. 
 
 “In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands 
 and seals, the 19th day of December, 1653. 
 
 “ H. Markham, E. Doyly, 
 
 “ Tho®. Hooker. Isaac Dobson.”* 
 
 When proceeding to Connaught, to obtain a Final Settle¬ 
 ment there from the Commissioners sitting at Athlone, he took 
 a letter to them from the State, directing them to assign him 
 lands with a good house upon them, so as to enable him and 
 his family to subsist and render his being there comfortable, 
 in consideration that he had parted with a fair house and a con¬ 
 siderable estate near Dublin,^ of which they all probably had 
 personal knowledge, as it is only natural to suppose they must 
 have often dined at Monkstown Castle with their brother 
 Commissioner, General Edmund Ludlow. But the Athlone 
 Commissioners were either unable or unwilling to comply 
 with the order; for Mr. Cheevers had recourse again to go¬ 
 vernment, complaining that he had not obtained the favour the 
 government intended for him.® The truth was, it was found 
 in July, 1657, that the lands in Connaught had fallen short to 
 satisfy the decrees of the Athlone Commissioners, “ except 
 what was so remote and waste as to be useless; and many Irish 
 who (like Cheevers) had parted with considerable estates and 
 
 1 Book of TraBsplanters’ Certificates, returned from the several preciucts in 
 the Province of Leinster, viz. Duhhn, Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny, Athy, 
 Athlone, and Drogheda. Records of the late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom 
 House Buildings. 
 
 2 Letter from the Council, dated 27th August, 1656. — , p. 179. 
 
 30 
 
 ’ lb., ib. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 179 
 
 convenient habitations, were thereby reduced to little better 
 than a starving condition.” And, notwithstanding the Com¬ 
 missioners had contracted the three-mile line along the sea 
 coast to one mile, and had given up to transplanters the lands 
 about different garrisons, reserving only 500 acres around 
 Clare Castle, 100 acres round Cahir na Mart (or Westport), 
 700 acres about Athlone, and lands of a mile compass about 
 Carrigaholt, the government were informed there would 
 still not be sufficient to satisfy the decrees given to the trans¬ 
 planted.* 
 
 Pierce Butler, Viscount Ikerrin, was the ancestor of the 
 Earls of Carrick, a younger branch of the house of Ormond. 
 He dwelt at Lismalin Park, in the barony of Ikerrin, in the 
 county of Tipperary, contiguous to the county of Kilkenny, 
 where the ruins of his ancient castle may still be seen on a 
 hill side, overlooking a pleasant valley. Like the rest of his 
 house (with the exception of the Earl of Ormond, who, being 
 a king’s ward, had been brought up, by order of the Court of 
 Wards, a branch of the Court of Chancery, a Protestant), he 
 was a Eoman Catholic; and having, with the restofhis country¬ 
 men of that persuasion, taken the King’s side against the Par¬ 
 liament, and been Lieutenant-General of the Leinster army, 
 under LordMountgarret, he was included in the Decree of Con¬ 
 fiscation pronounced by the Parliament of England, on the 12 th 
 August, 1650, against all who had not manifested their Con¬ 
 stant good affection to their interest. After the surrender of the 
 Leinster Irish to the Parliament forces under the articles 
 signed at Kilkenny on 12th May, 1650, he returned to the 
 neighbourhood of Lismalin Park, and was there employed as 
 tenant at will to the state, farming those lands that were so soon 
 to pass to the conquerors, when the order of 14th October, 
 
 —, Letter of 27 th July, 1657. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 I 8o 
 
 1653, was proclaimed, directing the Irish nation to transplant 
 themselves into Connaught before the ist of May following. 
 On the 25th of January, 1654, he proceeded to Clonmel, and 
 presented to the Commissioners of Eevenue there the par¬ 
 ticulars of his family and establishment, their names, ages, and 
 descriptions, the extent of his stock and tillage, and the names 
 of those of his tenants and friends who were disposed to go 
 down with him into captivity in Connaught. By an abstract 
 of this certificate it appears that between his family and tenants 
 he had seventeen persons to accompany him. He had already 
 tilled and cropped sixteen acres of winter corn ; he had four 
 cows, five garrans (or cart horses), twenty-four sheep, and 
 two swine J which he was to leave behind him in charge of 
 Lady Ikerrin, while he was to go forward into Connaught to 
 build a hut to shelter her and his daughters, who were to fol¬ 
 low in autumn with the cows, sheep, swine, and household fur¬ 
 niture. For on a general complaint that transplanters would 
 be great sufferers in their corn in ground, and other substance, 
 if they were not permitted to look after their harvest, they 
 obtained license for their wives and families to continue upon 
 their holdings until harvest came in (with a general provision 
 for all aged, decrepit, and sickly persons, that they might 
 not be put on hard things), which gave the government, 
 according to the usual practice of rulers, cause to praise them¬ 
 selves for their great mercy and kindness, because of this mo¬ 
 dification of their cruelty.^ Lord Ikerrin, having fallen sick, as 
 the istofMay,the time for transplanting, approached, got license 
 on account of his distemper to repair to the Bath in England 
 for six months, necessary, according to his physician’s advice, 
 
 ' Book of Transplanters’Certificates of the precinct of Waterford. Eecords 
 of the late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom House Buildings. 
 
 ^ Lawrence, “ Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation Stated,” p. 7. 
 London: 1655. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 l8l 
 
 for the recovery of his health ; and Lady Ikerrin was dispensed 
 with from transplantation for two months from the ist of May, 
 and her servants till the harvest was gathered in.' On his 
 return to Ireland some judgment may be formed of his po¬ 
 verty by an order of the Council of 27th November, 1654, by 
 which Sergeant Mortimer (Sergeant-at-Arms attending the 
 Council) was to pay the Lord Ikerrin £20 in consideration of 
 his necessitous condition ; after which the said Lord Ikerrin 
 was to acquiesce in the late order of this board for prosecut¬ 
 ing his claim at Athlone, and not to expect any more money 
 by order of this Council.® Lord Ikerrin, however, still evaded 
 transplantation ; for in 1656 he went over to London, and in 
 London found means to approach the Lord Protector, who 
 finding him in an extremely poor and miserable condition, with¬ 
 out means to subsist in London, or to return back to Ireland, 
 bestowed upon him some relief, and wrote to the Lord Deputy 
 and Council of Ireland to allow him some proportion of his 
 estate without transplanting him, or to provide some relief out 
 of the revenue for him and his family : “ For, indeed,” adds the 
 Lord Protector, “ he is a miserable object of pity ; and we de¬ 
 sire that care be taken of him, and that he be not suffered to 
 perish for want of subsistence.”^ How this poor nobleman fared 
 
 * Order of 24th April, 1654. —, p. 304. 
 
 2 Volume of Treasury Warrants (No. 14). Late Auditor-General’s Office, 
 Custom House Buildings. 
 
 ’ “ To the Right Hon. y‘ Lord Deputy and Councell in Ireland. 
 
 “ My Loud and Gentlemen, —Wo being informed by several persons, and 
 also by certificates from several officers under our command in Ireland, that the 
 Lord Viscount Ikerrin hath been of later times serviceable to suppress the Tories; 
 and we being very sensible of the extreame poor and miserable condition in 
 which his lordship now is, even to the want of sustenance to support his life ; 
 we could not but commisserate his sad and distressed condition by helping him 
 to a little reliefe, without which he could neither subsist here nor returne back 
 to Ireland; and therefore do earnestly desire you to take him into speedy con- 
 
i 82 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 after Cromwell’s interference does not appear. But Lisraalin 
 had passed irrevocably to the soldiery ; for it gave Sir William 
 Petty opportunity of retorting upon his adversary, Colonel 
 Hierome Sankey, “ his unhandsome dealings with his soldiers 
 in the matter of Lismalin Park.” No further payments ap¬ 
 pear made to Lord Ikerrin, and he probably soon sank under 
 his misfortunes, for at the Kestoration his grandson claimed 
 the esta.te before the Commissioners of Claims.' 
 
 But even after getting an assignment the poor transplanter 
 was not secure ; the Commissioners by mistake or fraud might 
 have given it to another ; such was the case of Maurice 
 Viscount Roche of Fermoy. Viscount Roche’s grandfather had 
 three sons slain in Tyrone’s wars, fighting for Queen Eliza¬ 
 beth. His father was of such constancies, that when all Mun¬ 
 ster in general combined against their anointed sovereign, he 
 continued himself within the lists of an obedient subject.* 
 His father was the emblem, as it were, of English fidelity ; for 
 when one of the Irish chieftains came in and submitted, and 
 promised to be loyal, but was asked, “But what if the Spaniards 
 
 sideration, by allowing him some reasonable proportion of his estate without 
 transplanting him, or otherwise to make some provision for him and his family 
 elsewhere, and to allow him some competent pension or money out of the re¬ 
 venue. Indeed he is a miserable object of pity, and therefore we desire that 
 care be taken of him, and that he be not suffered to perish for want of a 
 subsistence : 
 
 “ And rest, your loving friend, 
 
 “ Oliver, P. 
 
 —, “ Whitehall, iith February, 1657.” 
 
 28 
 
 Book of Letters from the Lord Protector, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 ' “ 7th June, 1666, Viscount Ikerrin claims as an innocent Protestant ; 
 was born in 1639 ; was a student at Maudlin, Oxford, where he went to church; 
 at Athlone went to church ; Dean Blood administered the sacrament to him at 
 St. Owen’s Church, Dublin. Decree adjourned.” Minute Book of Court of 
 Claims, Hanaper Office, p. 43. 
 
 2 Sir B. Burke, “Extinct Peerages.” 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 >83 
 
 should come ?” “ Then,” said he, “ trust neither me, nor 
 
 yet Lord Roche, nor Lord Barry”—as if theirs was the utmost 
 loyalty known in Munster. The Lords Roches’ castle, from 
 the days of the first invasion, crowned a rock in a gorge open¬ 
 ing into the valley of the Blackwater ; and at the base of the 
 rock flowed a rapid river, running southwards into the Black- 
 water. From this rocky seat the Lord Roches, no doubt, took 
 their name. 
 
 Viscountess Roche defended this castle in 1649 ; and Crom¬ 
 well, in his march to Tipperary and Kilkenny, passed it by 
 without caring to assault it. On 26th July, 1650, Lady 
 Roche wrote to Ormond, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 for relief from taxation for herself and the inhabitants of that 
 poor barony, “ from among the relics of those places she 
 held until God should favour her lord and husband with the 
 repossession of them.” She signs herself His Excellency’s 
 kinswoman, and humble servant.' But not only was her lord 
 never to repossess them, but he was to lose what she so 
 loyally defended for him. And dreadful as was her fate, it 
 was almost preferable to his. She was brought before one of 
 those High Courts of Justice (or injustice) set up immediately 
 after the surrender of the Irish in 1652, when they hanged 
 women, for want of men, as victims were required to justify 
 the former fury of the English, who had denounced all the 
 Irish as murderers. There she was tried, condemned, and 
 afterwards hanged, on the evidence of a strumpet, for shooting 
 a man with a pistol, whose name even was unknown to the 
 witness ; and though it was ready to be proved that Lady 
 Roche was twenty miles distant from the spot, and that the 
 sight of a pistol was enough to fright her from the room.* 
 
 ' “ Carte Papers,” vol. xxviii., p. 260. 
 
 • “ A Continuation of the Brief Narrative, and the Sufferings of the Irish 
 under Cromwell,” p. 7. Small 4to. London: 1660. [By Father Peter Walsh. 
 
184 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Lord Roche was in 1654 dispossessed of his whole estate, 
 having (as his petition sets forth) the charge of four young 
 daughters unpreferred, to whose misery was added the loss of 
 their mother by an unjust and illegal proceeding, for whose 
 innocence he appealed to the best Protestant gentry and nobility 
 of the county of Cork. Thenceforth Lord Roche and his chil¬ 
 dren lived in a most disconsolate condition, destitute of all 
 kind of subsistence (except what alms some good Christians 
 in charity gave them), the consequence of which was, that one 
 of his daughters fell sick and died for want of requisite accom¬ 
 modation either for her cure or diet. After ten months’ atten¬ 
 dance on those in authority at Dublin, all the succour he got 
 was an order to the Loughrea Commissioners to set him out 
 some lands there De Bene Esse.^ With this order he was ne¬ 
 cessitated to travel on foot to Connaught, where he spent six 
 months in attendance on the Commissioners at Athlone and 
 Loughrea, and in these attendances and the prosecution ran 
 himself £100 in debt. Yet at the last he had but an assign¬ 
 ment of 2500 acres in the Owles in Connaught, and part in the 
 remotest-parts ofThomond, all waste and unprofitable; and 
 from these he was evicted before he could receive any manner 
 of profit, by others to whom the Commissioners had disposed 
 of the same by Final Settlements, both before and after.^ 
 With such spectacles daily and hourly before their eyes, it 
 is no wonder that the transplanted who could find means to fly, 
 or were not tied by large families of children, sold their assign- 
 
 1 That, is temporarily, conditionally, for his present habitation and support, 
 and to maintain his coivs and other cattle, until he could pro-ve at Athlone the 
 extent of his estate confiscated, and his qualification, i. e. the class of his 
 demerit or delmquenoy, or amount of -want of affection for the Parliament of 
 England. 
 
 2 “ The humble petition of Maurice Lord Viscount Roche, of Fermoy, to 
 the Right Honourable the Lords Justices, March, 1661.” Records of the late 
 Auditor-General’s OfBce, Custom House Buildings, vol. xvii., p. 112. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 185 
 
 ments for a mere trifle to the officers of government, and fled 
 in horror and aversion from the scene, and embarked for 
 Spain. Some went mad ; as Christopher Eustace, of the 
 county of Kildare,' restored to his estate at the King’s Eestora- 
 tion, as “ mad Eustace” (for though he recovered his estate, 
 he never recovered his wits) f others killed themselves, like 
 Molly Hore, wife of Philip Hore of Kilsallaghan Castle, seven 
 miles north of Dublin, who, on getting the summons to trans¬ 
 plant to Connaught, went down to her stable and hanged her¬ 
 self.^ Others lived on, and founded families there in their 
 
 , A 
 
 ‘ —) P- 32. 
 
 91 
 
 2 i4tli and ijtli Chas. II. (A. D. 1662), Art. 8 of the King’s Declaration of 
 30th November, 1660, embodied in the Act. 
 
 ^ P. 19, “Thi-enodia Hibemo-Catbolica, &e. &c. The Wail of the Irish 
 Catholics; or, the Groans of the whole Clergy and People of the Kingdom of 
 Ireland, in which is truly set forth an Epitome of the vmheai’d of and transcen¬ 
 dental Cruelties by which the Catholics of the Kingdom of Ireland are oppressed 
 by the godless English under the Arch-tyrant Cromwell, the Usurper and De¬ 
 stroyer of the Three Ecalms of England, Ireland, and Scotland. By Friar Mau¬ 
 rice Morison, of the Minors of Strict Observance; Lecturer in Theology; an 
 Eye-witness of those Cruelties.” Innsbruck. Printed by Michael Wagner ; 
 A. D. 1659. i2mo. 
 
 In the month of January, 1852, I went to see the lands of Kilsallaghan, 
 lying near Saint Margaret’s, seven miles north of Dublin, preparatoiy to bring¬ 
 ing them to sale in the Incumbered Estates Court for the arrears of jointure of 
 a kinswoman. It was chm'ch-timc when I got there ; and while waiting in a 
 farmer’s house tiU the service was over, as the church was on the lands attached 
 to the ruined castle of Kilsallaghan, I asked the farmer’s daughter if she knew 
 who dwelt in the castle in old times, knowing very well that it had belonged to 
 the Hores. She was quite aware of it; and on my asking if there was anything 
 bearing the name of the family in the neighbourhood, she said there was 
 Molly Hore’s Cross up the road a bit. I was getting ready my note book to 
 copy the inscription, when she informed me that it wasn’t a stone cross, but a 
 cross of the roads so named. I asked how it got the name ? She said, “ When 
 the orders came from Cromwell to put the people out, Molly Hore couldn’t 
 stand it, and she went into a stable they had down there, and hanged herself 
 and they buried her, of course by the crowner’s ’quest law, as a suicide, at the 
 cross roads. 
 
I 86 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Final Settlements which subsist to this day, like some of the 
 Talbots and the Cheevers, and some laid their bones in Con¬ 
 naught, whose heirs got restored after the Restoration of the 
 monarchy,—as Lord Trimleston, on whose gravestone, within 
 the ruins of the Abbey of Kilconnel, hard by the fatal field of 
 Aughrim, may be still read the epitaph : “ Here lies Matthew, 
 Twelfth Lord Baron of Trimleston, one of the Transplanted.” 
 

 A TUANSPLANTEU’S (mA\F.. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 BM 
 
 WSM'i 
 
 bnpnn 
 
 
 
 
 Ill, it"' ’aJ] 
 
 Ij 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [From a Photograph taken a. d. ISG's by the Rev. II. E. Muhikl, Rector of Kilconnell.] 
 
 MURAL TABLET above the Grave ofMathyas Barnewall, twelith Lord Baron 
 Trimlestcwn, in '' The Strangers' Room,” in the ruined Abbey of Kilconnell, 
 m the County of Galway. 
 
OF IRELAND 
 
 187 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS. 
 
 THE CIVIL SURVEY. 
 
 The officers of the army (for the common soldiers had no voice 
 in the matter) had now obtained their desires. The army, con¬ 
 sisting of about 35,000 men, were to have their arrears satis¬ 
 fied in land at the Act rates—that is, to have 1000 acres planta¬ 
 tion measure (equal to 1600 English measure) in Leinster, for 
 every £600 of arrears—a like quantity in Munster for £450 of 
 arrears,—-a like quantity in Ulster for £300 arrears; being at 
 the rate of twelve shillings for the acre, plantation measure, 
 in Leinster, eight shillings in Munster, and four shillings in 
 Ulster. 
 
 THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF ARREARS, AND THE ORDER OF 
 THEIR SATISFACTION. 
 
 The first to be satisfied were the arrears of the present 
 army (26th Sept. 1653), and of those who had been of it, for 
 their service in Ireland since 5th June, 1649.* it 
 
 on 5th June, 1649, that the Council of State gave orders for 
 Flemish ships to transport the horse into Ireland, and for 
 the regiments to march to Chester and the other ports, and 
 not to be above one night in a place.^ This was, accordingly. 
 
 • Act for Satisfaction of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, and of the 
 Arrears due to the Soldiery there, and of other publique Debts, sect. 21; passed 
 16th September, 1653. 
 
 ’ “ Memorials of English Affairs, from the Reign of Charles I. to Charles II. 
 his Rostauration*” p. 391. Folio. London: 1732. [By Sir J. Bulstrode Whit¬ 
 lock.] 
 
i88 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the day that Cromwell’s army began its march for the re¬ 
 daction of Ireland. 
 
 The 2 2,000 English soldiers brought over by Cromwell 
 were joined on their landing by the garrison of Dublin under 
 Colonel Michael Jones, and of Derry, under Sir Charles 
 Coote and Colonel Monk, the only places that then held for 
 the Parliament. Their service together from their first vic¬ 
 tory at Drogheda to the fall of Galway, in 1652, with their 
 arrears to the day they should be disbanded, were to be first 
 paid. They were to share the ten counties with the Adven¬ 
 turers, and any balance remaining was a charge on the whole 
 security allotted to the army. 
 
 Arrears for service before 5th of June, 1649, England, 
 were next to be satisfied, shortly called “English arrears;” 
 then any arrears of men who had served in Ireland before that 
 date.* The services of the English part of this army, before 
 coming to Ireland, were the conquest of both King and Par¬ 
 liament. They had fought the King from Edgehill to the 
 fatal field of Naseby—a defeat that forced the King to fly 
 (A. D. 1645), from Oxford, to take refuge with his countrymen, 
 the Scotch, who basely sold him for £200,000 to the Parlia¬ 
 ment. The Parliament, having conquered the King, wished 
 to get rid of the army. They were afraid of its “ Anti-Par¬ 
 liament,” with the Council of Officers, to assist the general, 
 like a House of Peers, and another of agitators, mostly cor¬ 
 porals and sergeants elected by the common men, as it were a 
 House of Commons. The Parliament, therefore (A. D. 1647), 
 ordered the army to Ireland, and “ Resolved ” that such regi¬ 
 ments as should refuse to engage in that service should be 
 disbanded. Instead, they marched against the Parliament, 
 encamped at Blackheath, made the House of Commons erase 
 
 Act of Satisfaction of 26tli September, 1653. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 1 89 
 
 their resolution from the journals, purged the house to fit it 
 to condemn the King, and, by his execution, made Cromwell 
 and the army supreme.' 
 
 This class received, in addition to their other security, the 
 county of Mayo, which was taken from the transplanted Irish 
 for this purpose, and given up altogether to English arrears. 
 Two-thirds had been already set out to them, and was tenanted 
 for the most part with English inhabitants ; when, on 24th 
 of June, 1656, the Loughrea Commissioners were ordered to 
 allow no Irish to sit down there either as proprietors or te¬ 
 nants to the Commonwealth, to the end it should be planted 
 with such as were Protestants, or of the English nation.^ 
 
 Next came arrears for service in Ireland before the 5th of 
 June, 1649, shortly called “ Forty-nine arrears.”® But of 
 ’Forty-nine arrears there were two very diffei’ent classes, 
 Colonel Jones’s, Sir Charles Coote’s, and Colonel Monk’s men 
 already mentioned was one class. They had seen eight years’ 
 warfare in Ireland before Cromwell arrived. Sir Charles 
 Coote had ravaged Connaught from 1645 1648, with fire 
 
 and sword, regardless of the Cessation and the King’s com¬ 
 mands. Colonel Michael Jones, by his doings at Dun- 
 gan’s Hill (A. D. 1647), had almost anticipated the term, 
 “ Drogheda Quarter,” and revived that of ‘ the Pardon of 
 Minooth,”^ though it was not “ upon second thoughts” (after 
 
 1 Clarendon’s “ History of the Eehellion,” book x. 
 
 ® P- '^3. 
 
 3 The officers and men were also called the “ Old Protestants.” “ Lord 
 Broghill, coming in July [A. D. 1650], to the camp, whilst Ireton lay before 
 Catherloagh, was welcomed thither by the old Protestants (so they called the 
 troops that had served against the Irish before Cromwell came over) with three 
 huzzas.” “Life of Ormonde,” p. 134. By T. Carte. 2 vols. Folio. Lon¬ 
 don. 
 
 * In November, 1649, the Irish under Inchiquin laid siege to Carrick-on- 
 Suir, then held by Commissary-General John Reynolds, and used to cry at the 
 
190 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 first receiving them to quarter like Cromwell at Drogheda),* 
 that he cut to pieces 3000 of General Preston’s men, who, 
 being deserted by their own cavalry, retreated to a bog, threw 
 down their arms, were surrounded, and coolly slaughtered to 
 a man nor were there at Dungan’s-hill screaming ladies, 
 girls and boys, women and children, and unarmed and unre¬ 
 sisting citizens, massacred as at Drogheda, to the glory of 
 God and the interest of England.® These men, it was con¬ 
 ceived, were fittest to be first disbanded and set down as being 
 
 walls to the besieged that they would soon give them “ Tredagh (i. e. Drogheda) 
 Quarter.” Lord Leonard Grey, in the time of Henry VIII., having taken May- 
 nooth Castle, which surrendered in hope of pardon, he hanged the whole gar¬ 
 rison. Hence, the Irish saying, “ the pardon of Minooth.” “Dismal Effects of 
 the Irish Insurrection,” &c., to which are added Letters from Oliver Cromwell, 
 Ireton, Preston, and many others, relating to the sieges, battles, and remarkable 
 passages in the following history, never before printed, taken from the original 
 MSS. of Mr. Cliffe, an intimate of Cromwell’s, andHecretary to General Ireton. 
 Appendix, p. 9. Folio. Dublin; Oliver Nelson and Charles Connor, at the 
 Pope’s Head, near Essex-gate, 1743- 
 
 ' 9th September, 1649, Cromwell storms Drogheda and puts all to the sword, 
 “ not sparing those upon second thoughts to whom, in the heat of action, some of 
 his underofficcrs promised and gave quarter.” Ibid., p. 282. “The Dismal Effects,” 
 &c., is only an Irish Edition of Borlaoe’s “Execrable Irish Rebellion,” published 
 in 16S0, with the appendix of Cliff’s MSS. Dr. Henry Jones, Bishop of Meath, 
 aided him with his Collections (Preface, p. xvi.). The bishop had been Scout 
 Master General to Cromwell, and was employed to compile a narrative of the re¬ 
 bellion. “ Ordered, &c., to Dr. Henry Jones, the sum of £85 for a quarter’s 
 salary, due unto himself, together with the allowance for a clerk, for compiling a 
 narrative of the late bloody rebellion in this nation. Dublin, 33 Sept., 1656. 
 “ Treasury Warrants,” p. 9. 
 
 ® An exact relation of the great victory obtained against the rebels at Dun- 
 gon’s-hill, August 8th, 1647, by H. M.’s forces under the command of Michael 
 Jones. 4to. London; 1647. 
 
 ® “I wish that all honest hearts may give the glory of this to God alone, to 
 whom, indeed, the praise of this mercy belongs.” Cromwell to the Honble. 
 John Bradshaw, President of the Council of State. “ 0 . Cromwell’s Letters and 
 Speeches,” by Thos. Carlyle, vol. i., p. 457. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1845. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 191 
 
 longest in the Parliament’s service, having most interest in 
 Ireland, and most considerable arrears due before 5th of June, 
 1649.' Besides it v?ould be a succour and encouragement 
 to English to come over and plant, to have those that had 
 seen such service in arms to plant amongst them.^ They were, 
 accordingly, to receive their arrears in the baronies of Maghera- 
 Stephana and Clanowly, in the county of Fermanagh, lying 
 along the southern shore of Lough Erne, as closing the pass 
 against any junction of the Irish of Connaught and Ulster ; in 
 the barony of Ardee, in the county of Louth, one of the gates 
 into the English Pale ; and in the baronies of Condons, Eer- 
 moy, Duhallo and Orrery in Cork, comprising the range of 
 mountain that stretches in a right line from west to east of the 
 county, from Fermoy to Kanturk, with the Kiver Blackwater 
 running along its southern base. This was a position in¬ 
 tended apparently to bar all junction between the Cork and 
 Limerick Irish, as the assigning them further the rugged 
 baronies of Kinalea, Carberry, and Kilmore, southward 
 and westward from the city of Cork, was to guard the 
 coast.^ 
 
 This body of’Forty-nine men had just sat down in their lots 
 when the army was called upon to provide lands for another 
 class of those that had also served in Ireland before 5th June, 
 1649, viz. the old Protestant army of Munster. These were 
 the garrisons of Cork, Youghal, Kinsale, and Bandon, and 
 their dependencies, that held for the King at Cromwell’s land¬ 
 ing. They had been under Lord Inchiquin’s command since 
 1642, and revolted with him from the King’s service to the 
 Parliament’s in 1644, and back again to the King’s in 1648. 
 
 * “ Letter of the Council Board, 22 July, 1(553.” —, p. 517. 
 
 90 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 * “ Act of Satisfaction, 26 September, 1653,” c. xii., sec. 5. “ Scobell’s 
 
 Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
192 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 For Inchiquin deemed a commonwealth of Saints, which he 
 foresaw to be now impending, unfit for a gentleman to live in. 
 On the 3rd of April, 1648, he was at Mallow, and having pre¬ 
 viously secured the adhesion of the main body of his officers, 
 he sent for some surly Parliamentarians into the presence 
 chamber of the castle there, and told them that the Parliament 
 were forced by the Independents’ faction to break the Na¬ 
 tional Covenant and their oath, which required his Majesty 
 to be secured in his throne. He then said “ he hoped to see 
 this pretended Parliament on the flat of their backs before 
 Michaelmas day.” He would join, he said, with Lord Taaffe 
 and the Irish for the King, and asked those officers he had 
 sent for, to join with him ; and he addressed the rest next 
 morning on parade.’ To a few, all followed him ; and when 
 Ormond returned to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, in Septem¬ 
 ber, 1648, Inchiquin received him into Cork. But Cromwell’s 
 arrival in 1649, altered all things. The garrison of Cork, on 
 23rd October, 1649, revolted to Cromwell. They declared^ 
 that the question was nojonger between King and Parliament, 
 but a national quarrel, meaning that the English had resolved 
 to seize for themselves and their families the homes and lands 
 of the inhabitants of Ireland, and that the relics of the nation 
 should thenceforth for ever be the serfs or inferiors of the 
 English in the land of their birth. The other garrisons fol¬ 
 lowed the dance that Cork had begun, and revolted to Crom- 
 
 ' Declaration for the information of Parliament, subscribed, “ Cbristopber 
 Elsynge, J. Grey, Tbomas Cbandler, Alexander Barrington, Tbomas Davis. 
 Dated tbis ytb April, 1647, aboard tbe Bonavenlure, in Kinsale harbour.” 
 “ Carte Papers,” Ixvii. t5i. 
 
 ’ “ Tbe Eemonstrance and Resolutions of tbe Protestant Army of Munster 
 now in Corko. Dated 23 October, 1649.” Signed, “Richard Townsende, Co¬ 
 lonel, John Hodder, Colonel, Jo: Broderick, Captain, and 35 other Officers.” 
 Broadside, London. Printed, 1649. 
 
OF IHELAND. 
 
 193 
 
 Avell before ist December, 1649. alone would not 
 
 have availed them. Their temporary revolt from the Parlia¬ 
 ment made them transplantable; for it barred their claim to 
 Constant Good Affection. On 27th June, 1654, however, 
 there was an Act passed, at the instance of the Lord Protec¬ 
 tor, for their indemnity. And such officers and soldiers as 
 could show themselves active in the rendition of these Mun¬ 
 ster garrisons were to have lands for their arrears since 1644, 
 as if they had never swerved from the interest of the Parlia¬ 
 ment ^ 
 
 This body of ’Forty-nine men were to have equal satisfac¬ 
 tion with the others,* and the army sullenly gave up to them 
 the three counties of Donegal, Longford, and Wicklow,* being 
 the worst they had; and the Lord Protector added Leitrim, 
 in Connaught, taken from the transplanted, and so much of 
 the mile line, or belt round Connaught, as remained undis¬ 
 posed of. It was each of these men’s aim now to prove that 
 he and his comrades had been active in the revolt. Thus, 
 Lieut.-Colonel John Widnam, of the garrison of Youghal, 
 proved before Commissioners how he invited a party of ca¬ 
 valry under Colonel Giffard and Colonel Warden, from the 
 revolted garrison of Cork, to secure Youghal, and met them and 
 escorted them to the gate of the town; and how the Governor, 
 Sir Piercy Smith, having drawn the chain of the iron gate to 
 bar their entry. Colonel Widnam called to Ensign Kichard 
 Dash wood, and Town-Major John Smith, who were within, 
 to seize the Governor, and open the gate, which they did, and 
 so Youghal was rendered up to the Parliament.^ And Colonel 
 
 1 “ ludemnity of the English Protestants of tlie Province of Munster.” 
 Passed June 27, 1654. Scobell’s “Arts and Ordinances.” 
 
 2 “Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larroni, p. 74. 
 
 * Ibid., p. 74, p. 86. 
 
 * “ Examination of Ensigne Michael Munckton, English Protestant, now 
 resident of Ballingarry, in the county of Limerick, and at the securing of 
 
 0 
 
194 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Widnam, who received Castletown Roche, the ancient seat 
 of Lord Roche, as part of his arrears, kept it after the Resto¬ 
 ration, notwithstanding his treason^ For, though the Act of 
 Settlement pretended to exclude the betrayers of the Mun¬ 
 ster garrisons, yet they were to be allowed to retain their 
 debenture lands if they should prove they made some repair 
 for their former faults by their timely and seasonable appear¬ 
 ance for the King’s restoration.^ The only fault that could 
 never be repaired or pardoned was to be an Irishman pre¬ 
 tending to some portion of his native soil or birthright, pos¬ 
 sessed or coveted by an Englishman. Consequently, Colonel 
 Widnam, the betrayer of Youghal, could securely look down 
 from the towers of Castletown Roche, where Lord Roche’s 
 ancestors had for ages fixed themselves, and behold the an¬ 
 cient owner, descended of a long line of loyal forefathers, and 
 his orphan daughters, wandering in beggary and slavery 
 below. This section of the Forty-nine men had not received 
 their allotments at the time of the Restoration, owing to the 
 late period of taking their examinations, and the delay in 
 stating their accounts. On the King’s return, the Royalist 
 officers who had served under Ormond before the 5th June, 
 1649, and had got their lives but no lands from Cromwell, 
 claimed a share in the ’Forty-nine security, and had the benefit 
 
 Toughal both first and second times for the Parliament of England, and for the 
 then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in October and November, 1649, then an En- 
 signe in the said towne. February 19th, 1654.” Before Commissioners ap¬ 
 pointed by virtue of the Act for the Indemnity of the Protestants of Munster. 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixvi., 239. 
 
 1 “Lieutt.-Colonel John Widenham, Castletown [Eoohe] alias Ballytona, 
 
 barony of Fermoy, and county of Cork ; 1627 a. (2635 a. i r. 35 p. stat. mea¬ 
 sure). Patent dated 31st July, 1666. (Enrolled 20th August, 1666.) “Ab¬ 
 stracts of Grants of Lands, &c., under the Acts of Settlement and Explanation,” 
 p. 75. “ 15th Keport of Irish Record Commissioners,” 1820 to 1825. Folio. 
 
 2 14th and 15th Chas. II. (Irish), chap, ii., sect. 194. 
 
OF IRELAND. I 95 
 
 of It confirmed to Commissioned officers, to the exclusion of 
 the common men.”* 
 
 Great jealousies thence ensued between these disappointed 
 private soldiers and those of Coote’s and Monk’s brigade, 
 who had been set down in 1653. 
 
 “ This caused the Forty-nine for to suspect 
 The Fifty-three, as though through their neglect 
 They were not satisfied with them ...” 
 
 said a Cromwellian rhymer (himself one of the disappointed, 
 as appears by his title page). He adds, 
 
 “ And I believe nothing hath drawn a curse 
 On English new Int’rests, or proved worse, 
 
 Than that the ’Forty-nine had no arrears 
 Who served faithfully in want Eight years 
 Ag.iinst the Common foe : 
 
 God grant it prove no rot 
 To the Estates the oflScers have got.”^ 
 
 1 Tlte Petition of Martha Ilatt, Widow. 
 
 i^th December, 1663. 
 
 “ That your petitioner’s husband, Simon Ilatt, Esq., deceased, was inlisted 
 in H. M.’s standing army in Ireland many years before the late Rebellion ; 
 that her said husband and your poor petitioner were constant Protestants and loyal 
 subjects ; that her husband served his late Ma”' under the Command of Robert 
 Lord Dillon, late Earl of Roscommon, from the 23rd October, 1641, until 27 
 August, 1643 ; that her said husband during his life received not the worth of 
 one farding for his services, although it is evidently known that he maintained 
 himself and 4 men well mounted and armed towards the maintaining of his late 
 Majesty’s right and interest in this Kingdom against the barbarous Irish Rebells, 
 yet notwithstanding her said husband’s good service, his great losses sustained 
 by the late war, to this hour your poor aged petitioner hath never had the 
 least recompence or relief,” &c. 
 
 She accordingly prayed compensation for her husband’s services, “ with 
 other II. M.’s Commissioned Officers who served before 5th June, 1649 
 blit, as he had no commission, she could get no relief. “ Carte Papers,” vol. 
 clix., 74. 
 
 2 “The Moderate Cavalier; or the Soldier’s Description of Ireland, and of 
 the Country Disease, with Receipts for the same. 
 
THK CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 1 96 
 
 Debentures.' 
 
 In 1652 and 1653 the officers and soldiers obtained de¬ 
 bentures for their arrears from a Board for stating soldiers’ 
 accounts, and giving forth debentures, consisting of Mr. Ni¬ 
 cholas Domvile, Robert Jeoffries, Thomas Daneer, and five 
 others,^ sitting at the new Custom House.® With the Muster 
 rolls before them,^ they heard the claim of each officer and 
 soldier either in person or by attorney, the officers frequently 
 acting for their men, having probably bargained with them 
 in private for their debentures. Captain Peyton Lehunte, 
 for Francis Cheatley, a private soldier of his company, in Colonel 
 Long’s regiment, for his service from the 24th of June, 1647, 
 to 5th June, 1649, obtained a debenture from this board for 
 £8 16s. ; and for Francis Cheatley’s service in Colonel 
 
 Trimble’s regiment, from 6th June, 1649, I'® 7th August, 1653, 
 being fifty-one months and fourteen days, another debenture 
 for £16 14s. ocZ.® The officers produced their commissions; 
 
 “ From Gloucester siege till arms laid down 
 In Truro fields, I for the Crowne 
 Under SL George march’d up and down. 
 
 And then. Sir, 
 
 For Ireland came, and had my share 
 Of blows, not lands, gained in that warre ; 
 
 But God defend me from such fare. 
 
 Again, Sir.” 
 
 “ A Book fit for all Protestants houses in Ireland.” [8vo. Printed at Cork, 
 Anno Dom. MDCLXX\.] 
 
 1 See Frontispiece. 
 
 2 “ How Accounts of Officers and Soldiers of the Army of Ireland may he 
 stated.” Passed August 25th, 1652. ScohoU’s “Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
 A 
 
 3 Order dated 30 November, 1652. —, p. 457. 
 
 02 
 
 * “ How Accounts, &c., may he stated.” As above. 
 
 3 “ Accounts of Soldiers stated singly. Anno 1654.” —. 
 
COPY OF THE DEBENTURE FORMING THE FRONTISPIECE. 
 
 By the Commissioners appointed for Statemg the 
 Arreares of the Souldiery, And of Publique ffaith 
 Debts in Ireland. 
 
 U PON Composition and Agreement made witli 
 Mrs. Ester Hunt, Administratrix to her late 
 Husband, Captain Thomas Hunt, deceased, in behalfe 
 of herself. And for the use of Henry, Thomas, Ben¬ 
 jamin, Anne, Hester, and Sarah Hunt, Children of the 
 said Defunct, for all the said Defunct's Arrears for 
 Service in Ireland from the last day of December, 1469, 
 to the ^th day of June, 1649, as Captain in a Troope of 
 Horse in Coll. Chidley Coote’s Regiment. There 
 remains due from the Common-wealth to the said 
 Ester Hunt and children of the said Defunct, their 
 Executors, Administrators, or Assign’s, the Sum of 
 Seaven Hundred and ffourteene Pounds, seaventeen shil¬ 
 lings, and sixpence, which is to be satisfied to the said 
 Ester Hunt and f said Children of f Defunct, their 
 Executors, Administrators, or Assigns, out of the 
 Rebels Lands, Houses, Tenements and Hereditaments, 
 in Ireland ; or other Lands, Houses, Tenements, and 
 Hereditaments there, in the dispose of the Common¬ 
 wealth of England. Signed and Sealed at Dublin, 
 the six and twentieth day of May, 1658. 
 
 £ 
 
 714 
 
 $. d, 
 17 06 
 
 EDW. ROBERTS, [Seal). 
 
 Examined and entred, ROBERT GORGES, (S'eff/). 
 THOS. HERBERT, ROBERT JEOFFREYS, {Seal). 
 
 Gen'. Register, 
 
 To face p. 196.J 
 

 
 
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OF IRELAND. 
 
 197 
 
 and if any had received a debenture in England to be satis¬ 
 fied in money, he might exchange it, and obtain from the 
 Commissioners one to be satisfied in Irish land.' The deben¬ 
 tures were made in duplicate, one part kept by the Register, 
 the other part given to the soldier,^ who was to give it up 
 when satisfied, to be returned to the Register to see that it 
 agreed with the original, to be then cancelled.^ The deben¬ 
 ture was a mere acknowledgment of a debt to be satisfied in 
 land,‘ but it conveyed none, though the land set out for it was 
 familiarly called “ a debenture.” Thus, in a list of Colonel 
 William Moore’s estate, in the barony of Lower Ormond, and 
 county of Tipperary, the lands are described (A. D. 1669), as 
 “ lately the debenter of Lieutenant-Colonel William Moore, 
 who had a deep hand in the plot against his Majesty and his 
 interest in Ireland (the Phanatick or Protestant plot of 1663), 
 and is fled for the same.”® The title to the debenture land® 
 
 ‘ “ How Accounts of Officers and Soldiers of the Army of Ireland may be 
 stated.” Passed August 25th, 1652. Scobell’s “ Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 3 “ Ordered—That Colonel Robert Phaire, and the rest of the Commissioners 
 for setting out lands to the Disbanded that were appointed to sit down in the 
 county of Cork, do take care that the particulars and the subdivisions of the 
 lands set out by them to the said Disbanded and reduced party be returned 
 forthwith to Benjamin Worsley, Esq. ; as also all such debentures as have been 
 received from the said Disbanded upon their assigning them lands for the satis¬ 
 faction of their arrears, to Colonel Thomas Herbert, the Register-General of 
 Debentures^Office in Dublin. Dated at Castle of Dublin, 19 November, 1655. 
 
 A “Thomas IlEiuiEKT, Clerk of the Council.” 
 
 j, p. 285. 
 
 ‘ See Frontispiece. s “ Carte Papers,” vol. .\lvi., 190.1. 
 
 ® “ Militibus pi'omissa Triquetra 
 
 Praedia Cajsar, Itala an est tellure daturus ?” 
 
 Horace, Sat. vi., Book ii. 
 
 “ Yet prithee where are Cxsar’s bands 
 Allotted their Debenture lands ?” 
 
 Horace’s Works, translated by Dr. Philip Francis, 1748. Dr, Francis’ father 
 was Dean of Lismore; hence Dr. Francis’ knowledge of Debenture lauds, a 
 term that could hardly have been intelligible to an Englishman in 1748. 
 
198 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 was not even complete by the allotment, but required a Cer- 
 tihcate under the hand of two of the Commissioners for Ireland 
 to give the officer or soldier legal seizin, as appeared in the case 
 of Commissary-General Sir John Reynolds’ will, the brother- 
 in-law of the Lord Henry Cromwell, Lord Deputy.* 
 
 Sir John Reynolds, after his campaign in Ireland, had the 
 command of the forces sent to Dunkirk to aid Turenne and 
 the French to take Mardyke from the Spaniards, but on his re¬ 
 turn was lost, in the month of December, 1657, on the Good¬ 
 win Sands, as was believed, for nothing was ever found of the 
 ship or crew that conveyed him, but a box with his sword and 
 belt. By his will he left all his lands to his wife, and his 
 personal property to others. It was found that though Car- 
 rick Castle, with its demesne and deer park, and 16,000 acres, 
 the ancient seat of the Earls of Ormond, was land in the strict 
 legal sense, because given by Act of Parliament to Sir John 
 Reynolds,^ yet that 7272 acres set out to him in the barony of 
 Carbery, and county of Cork, for two debentures, amounting 
 to £3902 13s. od., and the lands he bought of Colonel 
 Fowkes, in the county of Wexford, were personal estate, his 
 interest lying in the debentures, and not in the land, because 
 he wanted the Certificate under the hand of the Commissioners 
 for the Affairs of Ireland, and until then allotments might be 
 altered by the Commander-in-Chief.^ The setting down of 
 
 ' They married two sisters, daughters of Sir Francis Eussell, Bart., of Chip¬ 
 penham, in Cambridgeshire. “ Memorials of the Protectoral House of Cromwell,” 
 by Mark Noble. 2 vols. 8vo. London; 1787. 
 
 2 By order of the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland in execution of 
 an Ordinance of Parliament for Settlers in lieu of forfeited lands in Ireland, 
 to the value of £500 per annum. Dated at Clonmel, 20th May, 1652.— 
 A 
 
 3 See the Case and Opinion of the Lawyers, and Henry Cromwell’s letter, 
 27 January, 1657-8. Thurloe’s “ State Papers,” vol. vi., p. 759, p. 761. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 199 
 
 the soldiers, however, by “ lot and string”* was practically the 
 completion of the work.“ No such Certificates or letters of 
 possession were ever issued. There was, by the Act of Sa¬ 
 tisfaction, more debt charged on the lands of Ireland than 
 half as much more would pay.® The first instalment of lands 
 set forth was for 1 2s. 6 d. per pound of arrears, or five-eighths of 
 the debt, which the council of the army accepted, hoping, never¬ 
 theless, that they might proceed on two-thirds, i. e. 13.?. 46?., 
 which they were put in possession of on aandMay, 1655.'' They 
 
 ' In “ Rules and Agreements concerning the present Proceedings of setting 
 out Lands to the Army, assented unto by us, the respective Agents of the seve- 
 rall Regiments thereoff:— 
 
 “ ist. That wee receive the proportion of lands according to the quota parmi 
 1 T.S. id. in the pound, in part of satisfaction due unto each regiment, together 
 with the loose debentures, as they have been thereunto affixed by the Commis¬ 
 sioners for setting out lands, contained in a list or file of contiguitic specifying 
 the content of each townland within the said regimental! lott; and that wee doe 
 allsoe receive therewith lists of debentures belonging or affixed unto each troope 
 and company within the said lott. 
 
 “ Dated this 8th December, 1656. 
 
 “Rob. Phayre. Jo. Nelson. 
 
 Dan. Abbott. Wm. Meredith. 
 
 “Hen. Johnson.” 
 
 Petty’s “ Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 197. 
 
 In “ 'The humble Declaration and Petition of the Committee of Adventurers 
 fur Lands in Ireland, sitting at Grocers’ Hall.” 
 
 “ gthly. Your petitioners desire that the county of Kildare may be sett out 
 unto them by lott and string.”—Ibid. p. 246. 
 
 ® '■'‘Monday, loth December, 1666. 
 
 “ The three regiments claym for lands in the county of Kerry, sett out to 
 them in satisfaction for their arrears .... The claymants produce a string 
 whereby the lands were sett out .... Mr. Petty swears that the paper signed 
 was the original, written by himself and Sir W. Petty—that these strings had 
 as much force as injunctions—that they took possession under them.” Minute 
 Book of Court of Claims, p. 3. Hanaper Office. 
 
 ® Petty’s “Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 32. 
 
 ‘ Ibid. p. 72. 
 
200 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Still pressed for plenary satisfaction. Until they had it, they 
 said, it would not be secure for the army to deliver up their 
 debentures.' They would give receipts to the Commissioners of 
 Ireland for so much as was set out, and allow the part satis¬ 
 faction to be endorsed on the debentures, but the debentures to 
 remain in the soldiers’hands.^ The Lord Deputy and Council 
 bade them say how they would secure as equal provision with 
 themselves for their poor brethren who served before ’49, and 
 were disbanded in 1653, who had received their lands at en¬ 
 hanced rates, if the government should yield to their request and 
 part with the entire stock, and for the ’Forty-nine soldiers of the 
 Munster garrison who were not indemnified till 1654, and were 
 not yet satisfied, and might find the counties of Donegal, 
 Leitrim, Longford, and Wicklow, short to satisfy them their 
 arrears.“ In 1656, the army having given the required en¬ 
 gagement, the Lord Deputy and Council, on 20th May, 1656, 
 gave them plenary satisfaction, by giving out to their trustees 
 for distribution all the land that remained.^ When these were 
 divided, and the officers and soldiers set down the following 
 year, it only remained for the. government to give out certifi¬ 
 cates or letters of possession, and to receive in the debentures.^ 
 The army, however, forbore taking out Certificates of posses¬ 
 sion, expecting that the Adventurers would be found on a re¬ 
 survey of their lands by Petty, then pending, to have received 
 too much, and as the surplus belonged to the army, there 
 woxfid be further lands to divide. But the Restoration over- 
 
 ' “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 72. 
 
 2 Ibid., pp. 197, 201, 204. 
 
 ® Ibid., p. 66. 
 
 •• Ibid., p. 36. 
 
 5 By order of 9th April, 1657, a Committee, consisting of Sir Charles Coote, 
 Sir Hardress Waller, Mr. Attorney-General Basil, and others, were to suggest a 
 form of certificate (ibid., p. 206), The form they suggested is given (ibid , 
 I>p. 206, 207). 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 201 
 
 took them, so that the debentures, except some that were 
 taken in upon some of the early assignments of lands, re¬ 
 mained in the hands of the officers and soldiers. 
 
 Of 33,419 debentures issued, 1 1,804 were returned, and no 
 more; so that the soldiery or their representatives held 21,613 
 in their hands, though lands had been long before given out 
 in satisfaction.* 
 
 THE CIVIL SURVEY. 
 
 The next step of the government was to take an account 
 of what lands were forfeited, their extent and value. It was 
 about Michaelmas Day, 1653, that the Commissioners for the 
 Affairs of Ireland received the instructions of the Parliament 
 for the survey of the lands forfeited on account of the rebel¬ 
 lion. Commissioners were immediately sent into every county 
 in the three provinces, to take an account of the lands in the 
 disposal of the government, which included not merely the 
 lands forfeited by the Irish, but the Church and Crown lands.^ 
 They were to hold courts of survey, and to summon juries, and 
 charge them, if necessary, to view and tread the metes and 
 bounds of the premises ; and the Commissioners were to sum¬ 
 mon and examine on oath all persons who could give evidence 
 of the names of the late proprietor, of his conduct, and of the 
 extent and value of his estate. Agents were to produce the 
 rentals, and bailiffs to show the bounds; and where they should 
 find it impossible through the wastedness and depopulation of 
 the county to inform themselves of the metes and bounds, and 
 other certainties directed, they were to discover it as best they 
 could.® It must have been painful to the owners of these estates 
 
 I “Touching Souldiers Debentures.” “ Carte Papers,” vol. xliv., 155. 
 
 P- 544- 
 
 90 
 
 ® See a commission at full length in “ Petty’s History of the Down Survey," 
 liy Alajor T. A. Larcom, R. E., pp. 383 ■ 3S6. ^to. Dublin: 1831. Published 
 for the Irish Archmological Society. 
 
202 
 
 THE CKOMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 and their families to see them valued before they had actually 
 passed out of their hands, being only a preparation for their 
 banishment, and for others to occupy their ancient hereditary 
 seats, endeared to them by a thousand tender memories. But 
 the Commissioners were enabled, by taking this inquiry be¬ 
 fore the proprietors were removed to Connaught, to obtain 
 evidence not forthcoming two years later, when the Down 
 Survey was executed, there being then in many places no 
 persons remaining that knew the bounds, and families were 
 obliged to be sent back from Connaught to show them to the 
 surveyors.* 
 
 The purpose was to ascertain by the report of these Com¬ 
 missioners what was the amount of the fund applicable to the 
 payment of the debt due to the Adventurers and to the army^ 
 and of the extent and value of the tithes and lands reserved to 
 the state ; so that the government might afterwards be enabled 
 to contract with skilled surveyors for an exact admeasure¬ 
 ment and maps of the lands, in order to a proper allotment of 
 the army’s lands amongst the officers and soldiers, and that 
 grants and leases might be made with greater ease and secu- 
 
 I “ Whereas Mr. Henry Paris, late one of the Commissioners of Revenue of 
 Clonmel, hath informed us that the transplantation hath been so eflFectually car¬ 
 ried on in the county of Tipperary, and especially in the barony of Eliogarty, 
 that no inhabitant of the Irish nation that knows the country is left in that 
 barony, which may be a great prejudice to the Commonwealth, for want of in¬ 
 formation of the bounds of the respective territories and lands therein upon ad¬ 
 measurement ; it is therefore ordered, that it be referred to the Commissioners 
 at Loughrea to consider of four fitt and knowing persons of the Irish nation 
 lately removed out of that barony into Connaught, and to return them with their 
 families to reside in or near their old habitations, for the due information of the 
 surveyors appointed of the respective bounds of each parcel of land admeasure- 
 able, and to continue there till further order. 
 
 '■'Dublin, loth December, 1654.” 
 
 “ Thos. Hehbert, Clerk of the Council. 
 A 
 
 T’ 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 203 
 
 rity by the government of the lands reserved to them, and 
 that the assessments might be equally levied. This report 
 was duly returned for all Ireland, and was called the Civil 
 Survey.’ 
 
 Having thus ascertained, by as near a computation as could 
 be made without actual admeasurement, the extent and value 
 of the lands seized from the former proprietors in each of the 
 three provinces on this side of the Shannon, a general coun¬ 
 cil of officers next apportioned the amount of arrears to be 
 satisfied in each province. They then proceeded, like the Ad¬ 
 venturers, to draw the first or grand lot, to ascertain in which 
 province each regiment of horse, foot, and dragoons was to 
 be satisfied its arrears. For on debate of the matter whether 
 they should take their lands by lot, or have them assigned to 
 them respectively by some competent authority, they resolved 
 for the former mode, declaring that they had rather take a 
 lot upon a barren mountain as a portion from the Lord, than 
 a portion in the most fruitful valley upon their own choice.’’ 
 
 But when the officers in the Munster lot found that all the 
 coarse mountain land in the baronies of Ivcragh and Dunker- 
 rin, in the county of Kerry (the neighbourhood of the Lakes 
 of Killarney), considered by them “ the refuse county,”” of 
 Ireland, which they expected to have thrown in to them gratis 
 as unprofitable, was counted as profitable (though ten, twenty, 
 and thirty acres of it were sometimes counted for one),’ they 
 called a meeting with the agents of the Leinster and Ulster 
 
 ■ For a speoinicn, see “ A Survey of the Half Barony of Rathdown, in the 
 County of Dublin, containing the parishes following, viz., Donnebrook, Tannee, 
 Kill, Monkstown, KiUiny, Tully, White Church, Killternan, Killgobbin, Rath- 
 micbacl, and Connagh. By order of Charles Fleetwood, Lord Deputy, October 
 4th, 1654,” p. 528. “ 2nd Desiderata Curiosa Ilibernica ; or, a Select Collec¬ 
 
 tion of State Papers,” &c. 8vo. Dublin. 2 vols. 1772. 
 
 2 “Petty’s Down Survey,’’ by Larcom, p. 91. 
 
 ’ Ibid., p. 210. 4 Ibid,, p. 96. 
 
204 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 regiments, and proposed to get rid of them. They wished to 
 take the baronies ofGualtier and Middlethird, in the county of 
 Waterford, instead.' The Leinster and Ulster agents, how¬ 
 ever, said, if the Munster officers were allowed to pick and 
 choose, they desired the same privilege for Leinster and 
 Ulster, and that Upper Ossory, and the Duffry, in the county 
 of Wexford, in Leinster, Orier, the Lews, and Cremorne, in 
 Ulster, be laid aside; and, with a spice of humour, fixed them 
 with their two coarse baronies, by reminding them of the 
 pious intent upon which they had agreed to the lottery.'' 
 
 THE DOWN SURVEY. 
 
 The officers of the army next agreed with the government 
 to join them in contracting with Dr. William Petty, Physician 
 to the Forces, to make accurate maps of the forfeited lands 
 belonging respectively to the government and to the army, in 
 the three several provinces of Leinster, Munster, and Ulster. 
 Connaught was assigned to the Irish ; and good maps of most 
 of the lands in that province had been made about fifteen years 
 before, by order of Lord Strafford, when he intended the Eng¬ 
 lish plantation there, by which the government were enabled 
 to set down the transplanted Irish there the more readily. It 
 was charactei’istic of the period, that this great step in perfect¬ 
 ing the scheme of plantation was consecrated with all the forms 
 of religion, the articles being signed by Dr. Petty in the Coun¬ 
 cil Chamber of Dublin Castle, on the i ith of December, 1654, 
 in the presence of many of the chief officers of the army, after 
 a solemn seeking of God, performed by Colonel Tomlinson, 
 for a blessing upon the conclusion of so great a business.® Such 
 is the account given by Dr. Petty, this able man being himself 
 
 I “Petty’s Down Survey,’’pp. 89, 90. 
 
 ^ Ibid., p. 91. ' Ibid., p. 22. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 205 
 
 all the while a freethinker, who was indifferent to the wrangles 
 and jangles of the Churches,’ and laughed at the many different 
 sects of that day, considering sects to be like worms and mag¬ 
 gots in the guts of a commonwealth.^ He was also of opinion 
 that the gathering of churches might be termed, “ listing of 
 soldiers.”® 
 
 By his contract. Dr. Petty engaged to mark out upon the 
 map the subdivision of the lands into so many parcels as might 
 satisfy each man his particular arrears, thus showing each offi¬ 
 cer’s and soldier’s particular lot,^ with an index of their names 
 and position on the map. But this provision w’as afterwards 
 dispensed with, as the army were not ready to subdivide at the 
 time of the survey being taken, and the subdivisions were only 
 returned by the officers in descriptive lists to the Chancery. 
 These being sent at the Restoration to the Commissioners for 
 executing the Act of Settlement, they remained amongst the 
 documents they had had recourse to, and were destroyed in a 
 great fire that burned down the Council Office, where they were 
 then deposited, in the year 17 ii—an irreparable loss. Had 
 they been marked in the Down Survey, there would have been 
 seen regiment by regiment, troop by troop, and company by 
 company, encamping almost on the lands they had conquered ; 
 for they were thus set down without intervals, and without 
 picking or choosing, the lot of the first regiment ending where 
 the lot of the second regiment began.® 
 
 The field work of the survey was carried on by foot soldiers 
 instructed by Dr. Petty, and selected by him as being hardy 
 
 ' " Reflections on some Persons and Things in Ireland,” p. 8 6. i2mo. Lon¬ 
 don ; 1660. 
 
 2 Ibid., p no. ® Ibid., p. 82. 
 
 * “ Articles of Agreement between the Surveyor-General and Dr. W. Petty,” 
 dated iitb December, 1654, Article 8. “Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, 
 p. 25. 
 
 ^ Order of 22nd May, 1655. Ibid., p. 64. 
 
2 o6 
 
 THK CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 men, to whom such hardships as to wade through bogs and 
 water, climb rocks, and fare and lodge hard, were familiar.' 
 They were fittest, too, “ to ruffle with” the rude spirits they 
 were like to encounter, who might not see without a grudge 
 their ancient inheritances, the only support of their wives 
 and children, measured out before their eyes for strangers to 
 occupy ; and they must often when at work be in danger of 
 a surprise by Tories. Some of the surveyors were captured 
 by these bold and desperate outlaws, when the sending away 
 of the forces for England and Scotland, about the beginning 
 of the woi’k, left him naked of the guards he had been pro¬ 
 mised.^ Eight of them were surprised by Donogh O’Derrick, 
 commonly called “blind Donogh” (who, however, could see 
 well enough for this purpose), near Timolinn, in the county 
 of Kildare, and were by him and his party carried up the 
 mountains of Wicklow into the woods, and there after a drum¬ 
 head kind of court martial, executed by them as accessories 
 to a gigantic scheme of ruthless robbery.^ 
 
 THE BOXING OF THE AKMY FOR LANDS. 
 
 Sir William Petty says, that as for the blood shed in the 
 contest for these lands, God best knows who did occasion it ’ 
 but upon the playing of the game or match the English won, 
 
 > “ Articles of Agreement,” &c., as before, p. 17. 
 
 ^ Ibid., pp. 123, 125. 
 
 ® “ Ordered, that Mr. James Standish, Eeceiver-General, do pay unto Col. 
 Henry Pretty, Governor of Carlow, £100, to be by bim disposed of to such 
 persons as lately took Donogh Doyle or Derrig, alias called blind Donogh (the 
 notorious Tory, Rebel, and Thief), at Timolinn, in the house whence he and 
 his party took the Eight English Surveyors, who were thence carried into the 
 woods, and most barbarously murdered. Dated at Dublin Castle, December 
 25th, 1655. 
 
 “ Henry Cromwell. Richard Pepys. Miles Corbet.” 
 A 
 
 P- 3^5- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 207 
 
 and had, among other pretences, a gamester’s right at least 
 to their estates and like gamesters they proceeded to divide 
 the spoil. The lands they had won were to be set out to the 
 army by lot, and were to be so assigned to the different regi¬ 
 ments in the several provinces, that the lands might be set 
 out together without intervals, and without picking and 
 choosing. Accordingly, it was ordered that the several regi¬ 
 ments whose lots had fallen in any of the three provinces 
 should be put into possession of their lands successively one 
 after another, each regiment beginning to take their possession 
 from the bounds of such places where the lots of the respective 
 regiments preceding respectively ended.^ The agents of the 
 different regiments in each provincial lot were to agree what 
 barony in each of the several counties should be first set out 
 unto them, and what regiment or troop should be first set 
 down in each barony and county, and so successively in the 
 next adjacent barony or county.^ The regiments in each 
 provincial lot cast lots to ascertain in what county and ba¬ 
 ronies each regiment should be satisfied. A lot or ticket was 
 then made for every troop or company, containing the names 
 of the several officers and soldiers of the troop or company, 
 the arrears due to each, and the number of acres due to the 
 entire troop or company.'* These lots or tickets were pre- 
 
 1 “ The Political Anatomy of Ireland,” 1672, by Sir W. Petty, p. 28, lat 
 vol. “ Tracts and Treatises relating to Ireland,” by Alexander Tbom and Sons. 
 2 vols. 8vo. Dublin: 1861. 
 
 2 Pp. 64, 65, “ Petty’s Do\vn Survey,” by Major Thomas A. Larcom, Irish 
 Archaeological Society’s Publication. 4to. Dublin: 1851. 
 
 ^ Order of 22 May, 1655, ibid., p. 65. 
 
 « “ Ordered, that the officers of the army now at head quarters do consider 
 how the lotts of the party now to bo disbanded may bo drawn most equally. 
 
 , . , „ A 
 
 20th August, 1655. P' ^^ 3 ' 
 
 “Ordered, that the Surveyor-General do prepare lotts for each regiment, 
 and for each company and troope of each regiment, inserting the name of each 
 
2 o8 
 
 THK CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 pared on papers of equal size, and sealed with wax wafers or 
 glue, so as one might not be distinguished from the other 
 without opening them, 'fhey were then to be put in a box,* 
 out of which they were to be drawn as lots, to distinguish in 
 which of the baronies the proportion of land due to each com¬ 
 pany was to fall. 
 
 The lands in the several baronies having been already ar¬ 
 ranged by the Survey or-General in a fixed sequence, called a 
 file or string of contiguity,® specifying the contents of each 
 
 regiment, troope, and company in the lotts, that the troopes and companies may 
 know who are to begin, and in what manner they are to proceed successively to 
 take them satisfaction." Ih., p. 224. 
 
 ' Hence the term boxing in common use in that day ; thus, “ Waste lands 
 and undisposed of may be lett to any English well affected, not exceeding three 
 years, without putting y° same to y® box, rendering such reasonable rent, &c. 
 Dated at Cork, "jth of July, 1652. 
 
 “ Miles Corbett. John Jones.” 
 
 Order Book of Council, vol. vii.. Landed Estates Eecord Office. 
 
 “ The String oe Ensign Thomas his Lott. 
 Com. Meath — Bar. Kells. 
 
 Proprietors [Anno 1641]. 
 
 Thomas Betagh, . . 
 
 Garrett Mappe, . . 
 
 Idem. 
 
 Plunkett, of Castle, 
 Garrett Mappe, . . 
 
 Rochfort, of Kilbride, 
 
 Parish of Dunlane. 
 
 Denominations. Acres Profltabie. 
 
 A. B. p. 
 
 Part of Laurencetowne, . . . 188 2 o 
 
 f Maprath, .254 o o 
 
 ^ The Mote,.128 o o 
 
 I Corn sasse,.192 o o 
 
 I Curragh and Clonfenane, . . 363 o o 
 
 Rathhrake,.242 2 o 
 
 Mountainpole,.176 2 o 
 
 Kells Parish. 
 
 r 
 
 Part of KeUs. 
 
 
 
 
 In y® same, with Common, . . 
 
 56 
 
 2 0 
 
 
 Part of Kells,. 
 
 61 I 
 
 2 0 
 
 \ 
 
 Within the Walls of the Towne 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 of Kells,. 
 
 1 
 
 2 0 
 
 
 Part of Mulaghey, intermixt 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 with small pcells, . . . ' 
 
 ( 100 
 
 2 0 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 209 
 
 townland within the regimental lot with the lists of the de¬ 
 bentures belonging to each troop or company,* the Commis- 
 
 Proprietors [Anno 1641.] Denominations. Acres Profitable. 
 
 A. R. r. 
 
 Sir John Dungan, Knt. . . Norbynstowne,. 13800 
 
 Parish of Emlagh. 
 
 William Betagh,.Ballreaske,.15* ^ ° 
 
 Kells Parish. 
 
 Plunkett, of Balrath, . . Tatrath,. 533 ° ° 
 
 Bamewall, of Turvey, . . . Sydensrath,. 21120 
 
 James f. Jones,.Fyanstowne. 
 
 Parish of Telltownb. 
 
 Sr William Hill, . . . 
 
 Richard Barnewall, . . 
 
 Richard Ledwiche, . . 
 
 Robert Begg, and 
 Barnewall, of Breymore, . 
 
 Hursltowne. 
 
 '[ Kilmainham, 
 
 J 
 
 Parish of Kells. 
 
 1039 2 o 
 
 Richard Barnewall, . . "I 
 
 Christopher Plunkett, 
 
 Richard Ledwiche, . . 
 
 Rob‘ Begg, of Featherstowne, | 
 Begg, of Navan, and | 
 
 Bamewall, of Breymore, . j 
 Sir John Drayeott, . . . 
 
 Part of Kilmainham, 
 
 Garden rath, 
 Phebog, 
 
 . . 138 o o 
 
 . 149 2 o 
 
 . . 29 o o 
 
 TotaU, 5072A. 2R. OOP., at ns. ^ aere. £2789 i6s. id. 
 
 “ The aforementioned lands were sett forth unto Lieut.-Colonell Steephens 
 and his Company, in satisfaction of their arrears. 
 
 “ Thomas Elliott, 
 
 “ Depy Surveyor-Gen'. 
 
 “ April 6, 1666.” 
 
 In this String (properly the String of Lieut.-Colonel Stephens and his com¬ 
 pany, for the endorsement is by a later hand), are the lands of Kilmainham 
 conveyed by the following Deed:— 
 
 Petty’s “ Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 197. 
 P 
 
210 
 
 THE CROinVELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 sioners for setting out the lands to the particular regiment 
 proceeded on the day appointed to the place of drawing, 
 generally some town nearest to the chief baronies, and 
 there in the presence of the officers and soldiers of the regi¬ 
 ment drew the lots for the first barony. They were directed 
 to draw out only one lot at once, and, opening it, to read it 
 aloud in the hearing of all persons present, and then to file 
 the lot on the file of that barony, entering the same in their 
 record, fairly and distinctly, before another lot was drawn ; 
 and so to proceed, lot by lot, until as many lots were drawn 
 as contained all the number of acres in the barony in the 
 disposal of the Commonwealth, according to the survey,' 
 with a copy of which they came provided. As soon as the 
 lot was drawn, all persons into whose shares the barony fell 
 were to deliver up their debentures upon the spot, in order 
 that they might be cancelled; but each man was to receive 
 in exchange a certificate, stating the fact of the debenture 
 having been delivered up, and declaring the amount of arrears 
 
 “ To All, &c., I Amoald Thomas, of Thurles, in the coiinty of Tipperary, 
 send Greeting. Whereas, the Town and Lands of KHmainham, in the county 
 of East Meath, and harony of Kells, was laid out for me for arrears of pay for 
 service in Ireland as Ensign of Foote in Lieut.-Colonel Richard Steephens’s- 
 Company, and for other private Souldiers who served in the said Company, 
 whose interest I have purchased, Know Ye, that In consideration of £200 to 
 me paid hy George Mathews, of Reaghill, in the county of Tipperary, Esq., I 
 have bargained and sold to the said George Mathews All the said lands of Kil- 
 mainham, aforesaid, containing 699 acres plantation measure, beside cast-in 
 land, To Have and to Hold to him, the said George Mathews, his heirs and 
 assigns for ever. In witness, &c. 16 of February, 1654. Arnoa : Thomas. 
 
 “ Witnesses, &c., Daniel Ryan. Wm. Burgate.” 
 
 In the chapter entitled, “ Sales of Debentures by the Soldiers to their 
 Officers,” p. 222, will be found in the notes the conveyance made by thirty-six 
 soldiers of Lieut.-Colonel Stephens’s company to Ensign Thomas. 
 
 1 The Civil Survey. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 2 I I 
 
 in the debenture, and the number of acres to be set out in the 
 barony to satisfy it.* 
 
 Thus Lord Broghill, Colonel Phaire, and others, were 
 appointed Commissioners, on loth January, 1654, to set out 
 lands in the baronies of Fermoy, Duhallo, Condon, Orrery, 
 and other baronies in the county of Cork, to satisfy arrears 
 due to the officers and soldiers of the regiments, troops, and 
 companies named in a schedule annexed to the commission, 
 amounting to £60,611 85. 6f^., which required 75,735 acres, 
 2 roods, to satisfy them —lands in the county of Cork being 
 rated by the army, as between themselves, at £800 per 
 thousand acres. The Commissioners were to fix a time and 
 place for drawing lots, of which they were to give seven days’ 
 previous notice at least, in Cork, Mallow, Youghal, and Ban- 
 don. They were directed by the commission to begin to 
 draw out the lots for the barony of Fermoy, and so lot by 
 lot, until all the land in the barony was exhausted ; and if the 
 number of acres in the lots drawn for any barony should ex¬ 
 ceed the amount of land in the barony, the defect was to be 
 supplied out of the adjacent barony—the particular parish or 
 townland where to begin the supply having been appointed 
 before drawing the first lots, in order to avoid controversy or 
 imputation. The officers and soldiers who fell to be satisfied 
 in any one barony or allotment were immediately to take 
 possession ; and, having subdivided it between them, were 
 to send up the subdivision, with each man’s lot described by 
 such bounds and other certainties as it could be known to the 
 Commissioners of Revenue of the precinct.'* Upon getting 
 
 ' The proceedings thus described are set out in “ A Commission for y* Setting 
 out Lands in y® County of Corke to y® Disbanded Forces in lieu of their Arrears. 
 Dated at Dublin, loth day of January, 1653—4.” —, p. 31. 
 
 O i 
 
 2 “ A Commission for y® setting out Lands in y® County of Corke to the 
 Diisbanded Forces in lieu of their Arrears.” —, p. 31. 
 
 O 1 
 
212 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 possession, the half-pay of the officers and soldiers ceased. 
 But, in addition to the original list of those to be satisfied by 
 the Commissioners, additional lists were constantly sent 
 down of soldiers whom they were to admit to receive their 
 satisfaction as if they had been in the original lists.* 
 
 OF THE EQUALIZING OF COUNTIES AND BARONIES. 
 
 The state gave all the forfeited lands to the army at the 
 Adventurers’ or Act Kates; but the several regiments com¬ 
 posing each provincial lot were unwilling to cast the regi¬ 
 mental lots, or lots to ascertain in what counties and baronies 
 within the province the several regiments were to be satisfied 
 their arrears, without some regard to the value of lands. 
 They thought it too desperate a hazard for a regiment to cast 
 
 1 “ A list of several persons of Captain Lewis Jones’s troop of horse that 
 desire satisfaction for their arrears in the county of Sleigo;— 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 A. R. P. 
 
 Corporal John Jones,. 
 
 43 19 o 
 
 97 3 24 
 
 Alexander Irwin,. 
 
 22 14 4 
 
 45 I 24 
 
 Christopher Jones,. 
 
 21 15 8 
 
 43 2 0 
 
 Richard Jones,. 
 
 20 8 2 
 
 40 3 8 
 
 James Hugh,. 
 
 21 3 S 
 
 42 I 8 
 
 Quarter-Master Nicholas Goulding, . . 
 
 232 14 9 
 
 465 I 24 
 
 Pence excluded, total is. 
 
 £367 13 0 
 
 735 I 8 
 
 “ These are to certify that the arrears of the above persons are stated, and 
 amount to the several sums according to their names respectively annexed, for 
 which proportions of land are required at the rate of £500 for 1000 acres ; as are 
 likewise to their sums affixed, which amount in the whole for the said £367 
 13s. od. to the sum of 735 a. ib. 8p. yath March, 1655. 
 
 “ William Digqes. 
 
 
 To Major W. Shepherd, Major John King, and the other Commis¬ 
 sioners for setting out lands in the county of Sleigo, that they be added 
 to the list of those to be satisfied there, and be permitted to draw lots as 
 
 if they had been named in the original list.” 
 
 A 
 
 p. 220. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 213 
 
 a lot and find itself paid off with 10,000 acres of land in the 
 mountains of Kerry, while the next regiment received 10,000 
 acres in the rich pastures of Tipperary or Limerick as of equal 
 value, though the army received all the Munster lands from 
 the state at £450 per 1000 acres. Accordingly, they 
 equalized or set an approximate or more real value on the 
 lands in the several counties and baronies, when casting lots 
 for lands in discharge of their pay. Thus the regiments in 
 the Munster lot valued the barony of Glaneroughty,* containing 
 the mountain land of Kerry, at £250 per thousand acres ; but 
 the barony of Clanwilliam, containing the Golden Vale of 
 Tipperary, at £1100 per thousand acres.’ 
 
 THE COUNTIES AS VALUED BY THE ARMY. 
 
 In the following list will be seen the valuation of the seve¬ 
 ral counties by the army, to make them more equal among 
 themselves, preparatory to casting the first “ Grand” or “ Pro¬ 
 vincial Lot,” to determine in what province each regiment 
 was to be satisfied its arrears. 
 
 FOR EVERY THOUSAND ACRES IN THE PROVINCE OF LEINSTER. 
 
 Rates in the 
 Act. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 New Rates. 
 
 £ 
 
 600 
 
 Wicklow. 
 
 Six hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Longford. 
 
 Six hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 King's County. 
 
 Six hundred pounds. 
 
 6co 
 
 Wax ford. 
 
 Nine hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Catherlo. 
 
 Eleven hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Kildare. 
 
 Thirteen hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Kilkenny. 
 
 Queen’s County. 
 
 Eleven hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Nine hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 VVest Meath. 
 
 Nine hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Meath. 
 
 Thirteen hundred pounds. 
 
 600 
 
 Dublin. 
 
 Fifteen hundred pounds. 
 
 
 The barony of Athirdee in the county of Louth, twelve 
 hundred pounds ; the rest of the county being reserved 
 wholly for the Adventurers. 
 
 1 
 
 8-4’ P- 
 
 Order dated 28th July, 1653. 
 
214 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 FOR EVERY TnOTJSAND ACRES IN THE PROVINCE OF MUNSTER. 
 
 Rates in the 
 Act. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 New Rates. 
 
 £ 
 
 
 
 45 ° 
 
 Cork. 
 
 Eight hundred pounds. 
 
 450 
 
 Waterford. 
 
 Eight hundred pounds. 
 
 450 
 
 Tipperary. 
 
 One thousand pounds. 
 
 450 
 
 Limerick. 
 
 Eleven hundred pounds. 
 
 45 ° 
 
 Kerry. 
 
 Fotu: hundred and fifty pounds. 
 
 FOR EVERT THOUSAND ACRES IN THE PROVINCE OF ULSTER, 
 
 Rates in the 
 Act. 
 
 Counties. 
 
 New Rates. 
 
 £ 
 
 200 
 
 Antrim. 
 
 Five hundred and twenty poimds. 
 
 200 
 
 Armagh. 
 
 Four hundred and sixty pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Tirone. 
 
 Four hundred pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Fermanagh. 
 
 Four hundred and twenty pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Donegal. 
 
 Four hundred pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Londonderry. 
 
 Four htmdred and fifty pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Cavan. 
 
 Four hundred pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Monaghan. 
 
 Four hundred and twenty pounds. 
 
 200 
 
 Down. 
 
 Five hundred and twentv pounds. 
 
 
 For every thousand acres in the baronies of Sligo, 
 
 
 Five hundred pounds.' 
 
 VALUATION OF THE BARONIES. 
 
 The lots for provinces having been cast, the officers of 
 the several regiments in each provincial lot, before lotting for 
 counties, valued the different baronies in their lot. 
 
 I Buhlin, the 2ist November, 1653. 
 
 “ A Particular of the Eates of the severall Counties in the Provinces of 
 Leinster, Munster, and Ulster, as they were agreed to by the Generali Councel 
 of Officers to be settled upon each of the said Counties respectively, in order 
 to the setting out of Lands for the satisfaction of the Arrears of them that 
 are disbanded until the pleasure of the Parliament shall be further known 
 therein, or a more exact account had of the quantity of Forfeited Lands in 
 Ireland.” From an original printed Declaration, small folio, of six pages, in the 
 library of Charles Haliday, Esq., of Monkstown Park, Monkstown, county 
 of Dublin : by William Bladen, Dublin: A. D. 1653. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 2 I < 
 
 The setting down of the army was effected in three great 
 disbandings and assignments of land to the soldiery, which 
 took place in September, 1655, and in July and November, 
 
 I 656.' The following list concerns the first of these disband¬ 
 ings : “On 18 August, 1655, Lieut.-General Ludlow’s, Sir 
 Charles Coote’s, Colonel Pretty’s regiments of horse, and 
 Colonel Ingoldsby’s regiment of dragoons, and Colonel 
 Axtels’, Colonel Stubber’s, and Colonel Clarke’s regiments of 
 foot, and some non-regimental companies were disbanded.”'^ 
 About sixty troops and companies were then satisfied.^ In 
 the list will be found not only the equalization of the several 
 baronies, but the names of the different captains, troops, and 
 companies, they were set out to in succession. 
 
 ‘ “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 174. 
 
 “ Mercur. Politieus,” p. 5580. 
 
 ■* “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 185. 
 
Names of the 
 Counties where the 
 Disbanded are to 
 be satisfied. 
 
 W exford. 
 
 West Meath 
 and 
 
 East Meath. 
 
 Kilkenny and 
 Queen’s Co. 
 
 The Names of the Regiments out of 
 which the Disbanded are reduced. 
 
 Lord Henry Cromwell’s Re¬ 
 giment of Horse. 
 Lieutenant- General! Ludlow’s 
 Regiment of Horse, 
 
 Colonel Daniel Abbott’s Re¬ 
 giment of Dragoon’s. 
 
 Sir Hardress Waller’s Regi¬ 
 ment 
 
 Lord President’s Regiment. 
 Colonel Phair’s Regiment. 
 Loose Companies. 
 
 Colonell Ingoldsby’s Regi¬ 
 ment. 
 
 Generali Venables’ Regiment. 
 Colonell Axtell’s Regiment. 
 Colonel Clarke’s Regiment. 
 Loose Companies. 
 
 Colonell Stubbers. 
 
 Names of the particular Troopes a 
 Companies that are Disbanded. 
 
 Captain Rarrington. 
 
 His owne Troope. 
 
 Captain Ivorie’s. 
 
 Captain Nunn’s. 
 
 Captain Clayploe. 
 
 Captain Packenham. 
 
 Captain Holmes. i 
 
 Captain Candler. ' 
 
 Captain Wilkinson. 
 
 Captain CoUis. 
 
 Captain Cartrett, 
 
 Captain Morgan. 
 
 Major Cuppage. i 
 
 Captain Highgate. 
 
 Major Shepherd. 
 
 Captain Skinner. 
 Supernumeraries of the Lon, 
 Henry Cromwell’s Regi 
 ment to be added to this Loti 
 
 His owne Troope. ■ 
 
 Captain Napper. 
 
 Captain Cambell. n 
 
 Captain Wrenn. 
 
 Captain Gibbons. 
 Lieutenant-Colonell Pinchioi 
 Captain BowneU. 
 
 Captain Cornock, 
 
 Captain Gardiner, 
 
 Captain Talbott. 
 
 Captain Disney. 
 
 Captain Waltham. 
 Supernumeraries of the Lor( 
 President’s Regiment o 
 Horse. 
 
 His owne Company. 
 Captain Burrell. 
 Captain Helsham. 
 Captain Lynocks. 
 Captain Garrett. 
 Captain Mathews. 
 Captain Pennyfather. 
 Captain Richards. 
 
 mm- 
 
J U N S T E R. 
 
 217 
 
 le Names of the Baronies that are to he 
 ;t out to the Disbanded in succession. 
 
 The Rates of the severall Baronies. 
 
 Forth. 
 
 Bargy. 
 
 £800 per thousand acres. 
 
 700 per thousand acres. 
 
 Shilmalier. 
 
 Bantry. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 600 per thousand acres. 
 
 600 per thousand acres. 
 
 Delvin. 
 
 Half Fore. 
 
 Corkeirie. 1 
 
 1 Moygoise. J 
 
 1 Kells. 
 
 £800 per thousand acres. 
 
 800 per thousand acres. 
 
 600 per thousand acres. 
 
 650 per thousand acres. 
 
 Ferbill. 
 
 800 per tlioiisand acres. 
 
 Moyfenrath. 
 
 ‘ Clonlonan. I 
 
 * Moycashel. J 
 
 1 Kiscoursie. 
 
 ii 
 
 1000 per thousand acres. 
 
 600 per thousand acres. 
 
 Liberties of Kilkenny. 
 
 Upper Ossory. 
 
 1 
 
 £800 per thousand acres. 
 
 500 per thousand acres. 
 
 I 
 
2 t8 
 
 
 PROVINCE 0 
 
 Names of the 
 Counties where the 
 Disbanded are to 
 be satisfied. 
 
 The Names of the Regiments out of 
 which the Disbanded are reduced. 
 
 Names of the particular Troopes a 
 Companies that are Disbanded. 
 
 Limerick and 
 Kerry. 
 
 Lord President of Connaught’s 
 Regiment. 
 
 Colonell Richard Lawrence. 
 
 Colonell Chidley Coote. 
 
 Colonell Ricliard Coote. 
 
 Major Ormsby. 
 
 lilnjor King. 
 
 Captain St. George. 
 
 The Lord President of Coi 
 naught, his owne arrears, ar 
 the Supernumeraries of h: 
 owne Troope. 
 
 The Supernumeraries of tli 
 Lord Broghill’s Troope. 
 
 Captain Mould. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonell Jones. 
 
 Captain Eudes. 
 
 Supernumeraries of the Lii 
 Guard, Generali Officers an 
 Traine. 
 
 1 
 
 Tipperary and 
 Waterford, 
 
 Colonell Prettie’s Regiment. 
 
 Colonell Sadler’s Regiment. 
 
 Loose Company. 
 
 Captain William Bolton. 
 
 Captain Alland ; each of the: 
 to have thirty out of thei 
 respective Troopes to plac 
 with them if they can gai 
 so many to be free thereunt 
 
 Captain Thomas. 
 
 Captain Nicholls and Majc 
 Rrereton. 
 
 Major Richardson. 
 
 Supernumeraries of Colone 
 Prettie’s Regiment to b 
 added to this Lott. 
 
 Cork. 
 
 Loose Company. 
 
 Lord Protector’s Foot. 
 
 Colonell Hewson. 
 
 Loose Companies. 
 
 Captain Dutton 
 
 Captain Seagrave, 
 
 Captain Pelham. 
 
 Captain Turner. 
 
 Captain Hincham. 
 
 Captain Jordan. 
 
 Captain Markham. 
 
 Major Walters. 
 Supernumeraries of Commit 
 sary-General Reynolds, an 
 Colonell Sankeys. 
 
 
J N S T E K . 
 
 219 
 
 Names of the Baronies that are to he 
 out to the Disbanded in succession. 
 
 The Rates of the sevcraU Baronies. 
 
 Coshlea. 
 
 Small County. 
 
 £600 per thousand acres. 
 
 800 per thousand acres. 
 
 Coshma. 
 
 Iracht I Connor. 
 
 Clannoris. 
 
 Corkaguiny. 
 
 700 per thousand acres. 
 
 350 per thousand acres. 
 
 350 per thousand acres. 
 
 250 per thousand acres. 
 
 Glanerought. 
 
 250 per thousand acres. 
 
 Clanwilliam. 
 
 1100 per thousand acres. 
 
 Gaultier and iliddletliird. 
 
 £500 per thousand acres. 
 
 350 per thousand acres. 
 
 Kinalea, and Kerricuri ihie. 
 
 £570 per thousand acres. 
 
220 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 PROVINCE OF ULSTER.' 
 
 Names of the Coun¬ 
 ties where the Dis¬ 
 banded are to be 
 satisfied. 
 
 The Names of the Resiments out of 
 wliicii the Disbanded were re¬ 
 duced. 
 
 Names of the particular 
 Ti'oopes and Companies 
 that are Disbanded. 
 
 Tirone. 
 
 Lord Deputy’s Regiment. Captain Morris. 
 
 Superniuneraries of 
 the Lord Deputy’s 
 Regiment of Horse. 
 
 OF THE EQUALISING OF THE LANDS IN THE LOT OF A TROOP OR 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Thus the different regiments provided for some degree of 
 equality in value as between themselves. But as the lands 
 to satisfy each troop or company were set out by lot in a gross 
 sum to the troop or company after the rate set upon the 
 county or barony, without regard being had to the different 
 and unequal value of the lands in themselves, it would neces¬ 
 sarily follow that if a subdivision were not made in proportion 
 to the real difference, some would have lands of a much 
 greater value than others. It was therefore provided that 
 the different regiments, troops, and companies, should nomi¬ 
 nate out of themselves persons to subdivide and set out the 
 lands fallen to the regiment, troop, or company, according 
 to their true and real value.* Accordingly, after the troops 
 or companies were assigned a barony, the officers of the troop 
 or company proceeded to rate the lands at their exact value, 
 before casting lots or proceeding to divide them by agree¬ 
 ment amongst the troop or company. Thus the generals of 
 the army, the gentlemen of the life guard, and officers of the 
 
 ’ “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 278. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 221 
 
 train (the artillery of that day), having received the Liberties 
 of Limerick, as a supply, in case their lot of the barony of 
 Clanwilliam in the county of Limerick should prove insuffi¬ 
 cient to satisfy their arrears, the Liberties being valued at the 
 rate of £1500 per thousand acres, they particularly and dis¬ 
 tinctly equalized the several towns and seats belonging to 
 the Liberties, according to the respective goodness, quality, 
 and condition of the land, and according to the nature of the 
 improvements in each of them, and set a value upon the 
 particular places, in order to make the lots then about to be 
 cast equal among themselves.* 
 
 SALE OF DEBENTURES BY THE COMMON SOLDIERS TO THEIR 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 In the interval between the surrender of the principal 
 Irish armies, in 1652, and the perfecting of the scheme for 
 setting out the lands in Ireland, which was not published till 
 Michaelmas, 1653, the distresses of the men, and even officers, 
 for want of payment of their arrears, became very great. To 
 raise moneys for their subsistence, they were found to be 
 selling their debentures, the poor soldiers’ dearly earned 
 wages, at inconsiderable sums, thus depriving themselves of 
 a future comfortable subsistence intended for them by those 
 in authority, who would never have given out the lands at 
 such low rates, but in tenderness to the soldiery, and in order 
 to plant the country with those poor creatures whom the Lord 
 had preserved in hardships and dangers, that they might 
 enjoy the fruits of their labour.'* Debentures were accord¬ 
 ingly forbidden by the Act to be sold until the soldiers were 
 
 * p. 168. 
 
 8 ^’ 
 
 ® “ Order, dated 28th July, 1653.” 
 
 P- 354- 
 
222 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 actu'ally in possession of their several allotments.' But the 
 prohibition seems to have been unheeded, and practically 
 void, because of the general desire of the men to sell, and of 
 the officers to purchase; for it appears by the claims sent in 
 at the Restoration to the Commissioners for executing the 
 Act of Settlement (still subsisting®), as well as the many deeds 
 of assignment in private custody, signed by all or nearly all 
 the privates of different troops and companies, that the men 
 conveyed their rights to their officers.® The government 
 
 ' Act for the Satisfaction of the Adventurers for Lands in Ireland and 
 Arrears due to the Soldiery there, &c. Section 3, Scohell’s “ Acts and Ordi¬ 
 nances.” 
 
 ® “ Lists of Claims,” among the Eecords of the late Auditor-General and 
 Surveyor-General’s Offices, Landed Estates Eecord Office, Custom House Build¬ 
 ings. 
 
 ® Soldiers’ Assigkment of their Debentures to their Officer. 
 
 “ Know all Men hy these presents, that wee, John Kingfoot, Thomas 
 Etherett, Thomas Goodg, Ambrose Bayley, John Thomas, Lawrence Scott, 
 Eiohard Gumhleton, Henry Erampton, Eiohard Boxley, Benjamin Fox, Tho¬ 
 mas Eight, John Finer, John Samon, William Yelding, Tobias Burt, John 
 Lewis, Thomas Smith, Thomas Padle, John Jones, John Cads, John Davis, James 
 Blow, William Hill, Evan ap Lewis, Thomas Dalton, William Johnson, Henry 
 Fidey, Vincent Watkins, Gregory Bolton, Eohert Eutter, WUliam Weaver, 
 Eohert ap Eichard, George Symes, and Eohert Davis, Souldiers in Lieutenant- 
 Colonell Eichard Steephen’s Company, of the late regiment of foote belonging to 
 Colonell Daniel Axtell, in consideration of one hundred and thirty-six pounds 
 to us and every of us, respectively and proportionably in hand paid hy Arnold 
 Thomas, Ensigne to the said company, by these presents do grant, assign, bar- 
 gaine and sell to the said Arnold Thomas, his heirs, and assigns, all our right, 
 interest, and estate in anie parcels of land, of what nature and quahtie it shall 
 happen, and of what number of acres they shall happen to he and amount unto, 
 lying and being within the dominion of Ireland, which are to be assigned and 
 ascertained unto us in recompense of our services under the Parliament and 
 Commonwealth of England in our service heare in Ireland, together with our 
 several! debentures, with the sums therein mentioned to be due unto us, and to be 
 satisfied out of the forfeited lands of delinquents hy the Commissioners appointed 
 for stating aceompts. To have and To hold to the said Arnold Thomas, his 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 223 
 
 themselves were obliged to license the sale of them. Thus 
 Lieutenant Goulburn got liberty, on 23rd of November, 
 1653, for him and his three servants to make sale of their 
 debentures for their present necessities, notwithstanding the 
 late printed declaration inhibiting the sale.* Often the 
 government were obliged to advance money from the trea¬ 
 sury on security of the debenture, as in the case of dis¬ 
 tressed widows of men or officers whose husbands had been 
 killed in the service, often “slaine by the Toryes,” leaving 
 them a great charge of small children behind, and their dis¬ 
 tress increased by the great cost of coming to Dublin in 
 hopes of possession of their lands, and long attendance there 
 about taking out their husbands’ debentures. In such cases 
 small sums were ordered to be paid to enable them to return 
 to their children, the advance to be endorsed on the debenture, 
 
 heirs, and assigns, to be held of the chief lords of the fee by services thereupon 
 due and of right accustomed for ever. And wee have constituted and in our 
 places severally put our well beloved friend, Eichard Woods, late Marshall to 
 the said Colonell Eichard Axtell’s regiment, our true and lawful! atturney, to 
 enter and take possession for us and in our names of all such parcells of land 
 wherever they shall fall, happen, or be assigned by lott or otherwise, within 
 the dominion of Ireland; and after such possession so taken, them and everie of 
 them for us and in our names peaceable possession thereof to the aforesaid 
 Arnold Thomas to deliver, according to the tenor of these presents. In witness 
 whereof, wee have hereunto put our hands and seals, this 26th day of June, 
 1656.” Copied from the original in the possession of Joseph Hanly, Esq., 
 25, Lower Gardiner-street. 
 
 The deed is above a yard in length, though little more than six inches in 
 width; and the thirty-six seals, being attached by parchment labels, give it 
 something of the appearance of a fringed window vallance. Three only of the 
 soldiers sign their names; aU the rest, as well as the attesting witnesses, are 
 marksmen. At page 210, see the “ String” of this company, and the names of the 
 lands sold by these men to Ensign Thomas. Also his conveyance to George 
 Mathews. 
 
 A 
 
 1 Dated 28th July, 1653. —, p. 354. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 224 
 
 SO that it might be defalked thereout when lands should be 
 given in satisfaction of the debenture^ At last debentures 
 were freely and openly sold and there were regular deben¬ 
 ture brokers, and a market rate, and prohibitions (of course 
 eluded) against buying under eight shillings in the pounds 
 
 ' “ Upon consideration Lad of tLe low and necessitous condition of Dorothy 
 Arthur, widow, ordered that Mr. Standish, Keceiver-General, do out of the first 
 publique moneys, &o., pay unto the said Dorothy Arthur £4 os. od., y“ same to 
 be on accompt of y® moneys due upon y® said Widow Arthur’s dehenter, and to 
 be endorsed on y® same, that it may be defalked thereout when lands shall be 
 given in satisfaction thereof. 10th January, 1654. 
 
 “Cha*. Fleetwood. Miles Corbet. Mat‘'>. Thomlinson.” 
 
 Order Book of Council, p. 209. Late Auditor-General’s Kecords, Custom 
 House Buildings, vol. x. 
 
 “ Upon reading the petition of Elice Morton, and consideration had there¬ 
 upon, and of her present necessitous condition by reason of her husband’s death, 
 who was in y® Parliament’s service, and slaine by y® Toryes, leaving her a greate 
 charge of small children behinde, as also by reason of her long attendance att 
 this place about taking out her husband’s debentors, whereby she hath sufibred 
 much poverty and wantordered twenty shillings. January 
 
 “ Charles Fleetwood. Miles Corbet. Egbert Goodwin.” 
 
 Ib. p. 208. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the petition of Jane Platt, widdow, it appearing 
 that her husband. Ensign George Platt, dec*, was about two years since slaine 
 in the Commonwealth’s service, leaving the petitioner in a poor distressed and 
 helpless condition, with three small children depending on her for maintenance ; 
 it is ordered that J. Standish, Esq., do, &c. pay unto Mr. T. Edwards, in trust 
 for the said Jane Platt, the sum of £32, the same to be in full satisfaction of her 
 debenture, which is to be delivered up to be cancelled. Dublin, June 11, 1655.” 
 Ibid., p. 92. 
 
 2 “Anno 1653, debentures were freely and openly sold for 4s. and 5s. per 
 pound.” Petty’s “ Political Anatomy of Ireland,” p. 26. 
 
 3 “ Bee it knowne unto all men by these presents, that wee Eiohard Thornton, 
 John Peake, John Ffanow, Samuel Dowler, William Ffensome, souldiers of Sir 
 George St. George’s companie in Sir Chas. Cootte’s Eegimeiit of fibott, com¬ 
 manded to America for and in consideration of a certaine sum me of money by 
 us received from Lieutenant Christopher Mathews, hath bargained sold & made 
 over unto the foresaid Lieutenant Christopher Mathews, his heirs, exors, and 
 
OF IRKLAND, 
 
 225 
 
 And Dr. Petty prides himself upon always buying from the 
 reo-ular debenture brokers, and never at first hand from the 
 necessitous soldier (though trepanners were sent to entrap 
 him into purchasing) ; while officers were notoriously guilty 
 
 admors for ever, all and everie parte & parcell of our landes due unto us for 
 our arrears for our service in Ireland, or whatever we or either of us shall be 
 allowed for the said service in landes or otherwise according to the tennor of our 
 debentures. In witness whereof, wee have hereunto putt our handes and scales, 
 this twentieth day of May, 1656. 
 
 “ Signed, sealed & delivered 
 in presence of us whose names 
 ensue : 
 
 “Alex''. Aitkexs. 
 Robert Ffloyd. 
 George IIarte. 
 
 Rich, x Thornton, 
 
 his marke & seale. © 
 John x Peake, 
 
 his marke & seale. o 
 John x Feanon, 
 
 his marke & seale. o 
 Samvel x Dowler, 
 
 his marke & seale. 0 
 William W. x Ffensome, 
 
 his marke & seale. Q 
 
 Lieutenant Christopher Mathew, brother or cousin of Captain George 
 Mathew, purchased largely of the men of Sir George St. George’s Company in 
 Sir Charles Cooto’s Regiment and those of Colonel Richard Coote’s troope in 
 Colonel Henry Pretty’s regiment, “ commanded to America.” The assignments 
 are all on small pieces of paper; they make a good handful. Lieutenant 
 Mathew -was then quartered at Carrick-on-Shannon. 
 
 “ Knowne unto aU men by these presence, that I Daniel Keeffe doe acknow¬ 
 ledge to have received of Lieutenant Christ'. Mathewes the sum of iou pounds 
 ieivle shillings, it being in lew & full satisfaction of my Debenture sould unto the 
 said Lieutenant Mathewes at the rate of eight shillings the pound : in witness 
 whereof, I have hereunto put my hand and seale the 20th of March, 1656. 
 
 “ Daniel x Keeffe. O 
 
 “ Signed & Delivered before me, one of 
 his highnes Justices of peace ; 
 
 “ Benj. Currigan. 
 
 Alex. Editkins. 
 
 David Rue.” 
 
 “ Knowne unto all men by these presence, that I James Millbome doe 
 acknowledge to have received of Lieut. Christopher Mathewes the sum of ten 
 
 Q 
 
226 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 of buying of their own poor soldiers remaining under their 
 command, “ whom we may well conceive frightable into any 
 bargain, by what aweings or other means may be left to con¬ 
 sideration.”' 
 
 In this manner a considerable part of the debentures were 
 sold before the assignments of lands ; and when the disband¬ 
 ing took place, the common soldiers who had not parted with 
 their debentures refused in many instances to plant. 
 
 THE COMMON SOLDIERS DISCONTENTED AT BEING FORCED TO 
 
 PLANT. 
 
 On the ist of September, 1655, was to take place the first 
 and largest of the three great disbandings of the army, and 
 the assignment of lands to them for their arrears of pay,* the 
 two years which had elapsed since the passing of the Act 
 of Satisfaction of 27th September, 1653, having been con¬ 
 sumed by surveys, and by the contest of the officers with 
 the government as to the quantity of land applicable to their 
 immediate payment. The different regiments of the army, 
 which had been for three years garrisoning towns or posts of 
 strength, tilling fields in the neighbourhood of their garrisons 
 
 pounds, it liemg in lew & full satisfaction of my Debenture sould unto the said 
 Lieut*. Mathewes at the rate of eight shillings the pound: in witness whereof, 
 I have hereunto put my hande and seale the 28th of October, 1656. 
 
 “James Milborne. o 
 
 “ Signed, sealed & Delivered before 
 me one of his highness’s Justices of Peace ; 
 
 “ Benj. Corrigan. 
 
 AlexL Editkins.’’ 
 
 ‘ Petty’s “ Reflections upon some Persons and Things in Ireland,’’ &c., pp. 
 34, 36. i2mo. London: 1660. 
 
 ’ Petty’s “History of the Down Survey,” by Major T. A. Larcom, p. 174. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 227 
 
 as part of their pay, were now to march under command of 
 their officers to the different counties in which each regiment 
 was to be satisfied its arrears, there to cast lots, to determine 
 in what baronies the several troops and companies should sit 
 down. 
 
 In 1646 the army, secretly worked upon by Cromwell, 
 then aiming at supreme power, were mutinous at being or¬ 
 dered to Ireland, protesting that they were Volunteers, and 
 could not be forced out of England.^ Commissioners were 
 employed to persuade them. They cried, “ Fairfax and Crom¬ 
 well, and we all go.”^ In December, 1648, both King and 
 Parliament were subdued. Cromwell’s next step towards the 
 Protectorate was to make the army completely his own, by 
 leading it to victory in Ireland. The following was probably 
 written at his suggestion ;— 
 
 From Pontefract, December 29, 1648. 
 
 “ It is a great pity the Militia of this county should be 
 disbanded. We hear of some overtures made by the army for 
 engaging them, and all the supernumeraries of the kingdom. 
 The service will be gallant, and the design superlative ; and 
 if Old Noll, or any man of gallantry and fidelity, do accept of 
 that brigade, he cannot want men or money.”® 
 
 In April following, four regiments of horse, and four of 
 foot, out of fourteen regiments of the army of England, were 
 ordered by the Parliament for service in Ireland. The officers, 
 knowing the temper of the men, called a council of the army ; 
 and the council, after a solemn seeking of God by prayer, 
 cast lots which regiments of the old army should go. Fourteen 
 
 I 6th Rushworth’s “Collections,” p. 471. 
 
 ^ “Perfect Diurnal,” April 15, 1646, p. 1558. 
 ® Ibid., p. 2283. 
 
228 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 paper lots were prepared, ten of the papers being blank, and 
 four of them with “ Ireland” written on them ; and all being 
 put into a hat, and shuffled together, they were drawn out by a 
 child, who gave to an officer of each regiment in the lot the lot 
 of that regiment; and being drawn in this inoffensive way, it 
 w'as pretended that no regiment could take exception to itd 
 d'he army, however, was mutinous; and it required the pre¬ 
 sence of old Colonel Skippon, then in the House of Com¬ 
 mons, and many other influences, to appease it. Once 
 embarked, however, others easily followed, and Cromwell's 
 successes brought numbers to his standards. In December, 
 1649, “ we hear by letters from York of a rendez-vous of 
 Colonel Lilburn’s party that are marching for Ireland, about 
 a hundred old blades, stout men, and well horsed, ready for 
 the service.”^ 
 
 In 1653, common soldiers do not seem to have been 
 too well satisfied that their arrears should be satisfied in 
 Irish lands. The State in Ireland were fully aware of the 
 temper of the men ; and the anxiety of the Lord Deputy is 
 evident in the tone of his circular letter addressed to each 
 Commanding Officer of the several troops and companies to 
 be disbanded on the ist September, 1656. 
 
 ^'■Dublin Castle, 20 AugK 1655. 
 
 “ Sir, —In pursuance of his Higness’s command, the 
 council here with myself and chief officers of the army having 
 concluded about disbanding part of the army in order to lessen¬ 
 ing the present charge, it is fit that your troope be one. And 
 accordingly I desire you would march such as are willing to 
 plant of them into the barony of Shelmaliere in the county 
 of Wexford, at or before the ist day of September, where you 
 shall be put into possession of your lands for your arrears. 
 
 * 'Wbitelocke’s “Memorials,” p. 397 b. 
 
 Ib., 434. 
 
OF IRKLAND. 
 
 229 
 
 according to the rates agreed on by the committee and agents. 
 As also you shall have upon the place wherein you are 
 so much money as shall answer the present three months’ 
 arrear due to you and your men, but to continue no longer 
 the pay of the army than upon the muster of this August. The 
 sooner you march your men the better ; thereby you will be 
 enabled to make provision for the winter.” After some 
 sweetening hints that they will be perhaps paid hereafter as 
 a militia, he concludes :— 
 
 “ And great is your mercy, that after all your hardships 
 and difficulties you may sit down, and, if the Lord give his 
 blessing, may reape some fruit of your past services. Do 
 not think it a blemish or underrating of your past services 
 that you are now disbanded ; but look upon it as of the Lord’s 
 appointing, and with cheerfulness submit thereunto; and the 
 blessing of the Lord be upon you all, and keep you in Ills 
 fear, and give you hearts to observe your past experience of 
 signal appearances. And that this fear may be seen in your 
 hearts, and that you may be kept from the sins and pollu¬ 
 tions which God hath so eminently witnessed against in those 
 whose possessions you are to take up, is the desire of him 
 who is 
 
 “Your very affectionate friend to love and serve you,* 
 
 “ Charles Fleetwood.” 
 
 The newswriters for the State, who always represent the 
 disposition of people actually to be what the government 
 wishes it should be believed to be, described the soldiers as 
 quite content with being disbanded :— 
 
 ' “Mercui'ius Politicus,” p. 55S2. 
 
230 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ Dublin, September ^th, 1655. 
 
 “ I have little to add to my last besides the enclosed. My 
 Lord Deputy' takes shipping for England to-morrow, and 
 the officers and souldlers are all marcht (that were disbanded) 
 to their lots in the counties of Wexford, Lymerick, Eastmeath, 
 Westmeath, &c. They are generally fully content; I never 
 saw a business of the kind go on with less repining, so great 
 have our blessings been under the government of him who is 
 departing from us. Our loss will be your gain; it will be 
 your mercy to make better use of such a mercy as he is than 
 we have done. We doubt not but God will furnish him that 
 shall succeed, viz. the Lord Henry Cromwell, with a spirit 
 fit to his work, which in this nation is much, and requires 
 much of the Lord’s assistance, as he hath found to his comfort 
 that is now leavinof us. The several Commissioners for setting 
 out land to the disbanded officers and souldiers are hasted 
 out of town, that the souldiers may be speedily settled, and 
 comfortably lie down on their portions, which is so much 
 the more to be accepted, in that they are not at the will of 
 their cruel enemies to seek their bread at their hands; but 
 having by the blessing of God obtained their peace, they may 
 sit down in the enjoyment of their enemies fields and houses 
 which they planted not, nor built not; they have no reason to 
 repent their services, considering how great an issue God 
 hath given. 
 
 The Commissioners, however, gave a different account 
 from the spot. They informed the government that divers offi¬ 
 cers and soldiers of the regiments and companies of foot ap¬ 
 pointed to be disbanded, when they appeared before them, 
 
 ' Fleetwood, who had married Bridget, Oliver’s eldest daughter, widow of 
 Major-General Ireton. 
 
 2 r. 5620, “ Mereurius roliticus.” 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 231 
 
 would not sit down upon their lands, notwithstanding the en¬ 
 couragement offered by anew suit of clothes,* and one month’s 
 half-payand notwithstanding the government promised to 
 consider of their demand that a sufficient number of Irish la¬ 
 bourers, husbandmen, and servants might be allowed to stay 
 amongst them until they should be better enabled to plant 
 without them.^ 
 
 It was the officers only, in point of fact, that promoted the 
 design of taking land for their arrears ; and some even of them 
 seem to have shared the discontent of the common men, as 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Scott was arrested for agitating the dis¬ 
 banded companies sitting down in the county of Wexford, in 
 September, 1655, by treasonable words against his Highness, 
 tending to mutiny and distemper.* In Ireland the common 
 men found no beer, no cheese ; they had no ploughs nor horses, 
 nor money to buy them. The Irish were for the most part 
 transplanted, or had betaken themselves to the woods and 
 mountains as Tories. 
 
 But beyond all other wants was felt that imperious want, 
 the want of women. Irish girls there were, and only too 
 charming. An English officer of Queen Elizabeth’s army 
 paints them gambolling by wood side and river like groups 
 of Grecian nymphs. He had seen them in the brooks, 
 
 29 August, 1656. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the petition of John Fforsett for self and other 
 disbanded soldiers, praying satisfaction of cloth allowed to others disbanded at 
 the same time, which they have not yet received ; ordered that it be referred to 
 the Auditor-General of his Highness’s Court of Exchequer to examine the truth 
 of %rhat is suggested in the within petition; and if they find the same to be 
 true, and within the rule, to prepare orders for the same, as formerly for others 
 in like cases. 
 
 “ Thomas IIerbekt, Clerk of the Council.” 
 
 3° 
 
 p. 94. 
 
 245- 
 
 4 
 
 A 
 
 j, p. 243. 
 
232 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 (“ For bathing is their sweet delight, 
 
 So long they do remain”)— 
 
 and he thus expresses the attractions of these sportive beau¬ 
 ties at their bath: 
 
 “ To see what games they can devise, 
 
 And sundrie pastimes make, 
 
 ’Twould cause, I do assure you, 
 
 A horse his halter break.”' 
 
 But Cromweirs soldiers were forbidden under heavy penal¬ 
 ties to take Irish girls for wives. For any amours with them 
 during their service in the army they were severely flogged 
 
 ' “Image of Ireland," by John Derrick, A. D. 1581. Somer’s “ Collec¬ 
 tion of Tracts,” vol. i., pp. 573-575* 
 
 ^ '■‘June 15, 1655. 
 
 “ By the Court Martial. 
 
 “ Whereas, by a court marshall this day held at Whitehall, Hugh Powell, 
 souldier in Captain Lieutenant Hoare's Company, of CoUonel Huson’s regiment, 
 was convicted and found guilty of fornication, within the third article of warre, 
 and for the same was adjudged to be whipped on the bare back with a Whip¬ 
 cord lash, and have forty stripes while he is led through the four companies of 
 the Irish forces before Whitehall, at the time of the parade on Munday next, 
 and twenty stripes more after that at Putney, while hee is led through those of 
 the Irish party that quarter there, neer the Widow Nashe’s house there; You 
 are hereby required to cause the said sentence of the coiut marshall to bee put 
 in execution with effect; and the chief officers present with the said Irish com- 
 panys at the time of the parade at Whitehall, on the said Munday, as also the chief 
 officers present, with those of the Irish party quartering at Putney, are hereby 
 desired to draw the said companies into two single files, to the end the said Hugh 
 Powell may bee led through and receive his punishment accordingly. 
 
 “ Signed in the name and by the order of the said Court. 
 
 “ Thos. Maegets, Adoocaie. 
 
 “ To the Marshall General of the Army, or Ms Deputies.” 
 
 P.4795, “ Mercurius Politicus.” 
 
 July i6, 1655 ; William Sword, a foot soldier, in Lieutenant-Colonel Vena¬ 
 bles’ own company, belonging to Ireland, for lilce offence was adjudged “ to be 
 whippt at the limbers of a piece of ordnance in Windsor, from the Castle gate 
 to the Churchyard gate, in the High Street, and back again, with a whipcord 
 lash.” “Mercurius Politicus,” p. 4797. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 233 
 
 and as the soldiers always pretended that the Irish girls they 
 married were converts to English religion, Ireton declared 
 it was to be feared that these women were still Papists and 
 only for some corrupt and carnal ends pretended to be other¬ 
 wise, and forbade all intermarriages, unless the girls first passed 
 an examination into the real state of their hearts before a 
 board of military saints, to ascertain whether the change 
 flowed from a real work of God upon their hearts, convinc¬ 
 ing them of the falsehood ot their own ways, and the good¬ 
 ness and truth of that way they turn to, or from but cor¬ 
 rupt and carnal ends, under penalty, if the soldiers marrying 
 were dragoons, of being reduced to foot soldiers—if foot sol¬ 
 diers to pioneers—without hope in either case of promotion.' 
 
 “Dublin Castle, 17 March, 1653-4. 
 
 “ Upon the information of Colonel Solomon Richards, that Captain William 
 Williamson is now a prisoner in Dublin upon suspicion of committing fornication 
 with a woman in the county of Tipperary, during the time of his service there ; 
 and that the said Colonel has entered into a recognizance to prosecute the said 
 Captain for the misdemeanour and offence aforesaid ; and forsomuch as the 
 said offence is alleged to have been committed within the precinct of Clonmel 
 as aforesaid; it is ordered that the said Captain Williamson bo sent forthwith in 
 safe custody from Dublin to Clonmel, there to he secured by the said Colonel 
 Richards, and the rest of the Commissioners for administration of justice there 
 in order to his tryal; and that the recognizances he delivered to the said 
 Colonel Richards to be cancelled: whereof all whom it may concern are to take 
 notice. 
 
 “Charles Fleetwood, Miles Corbet, John Joxes.” 
 
 A 
 
 ' “ By the Deputy Generali of Ireland. 
 
 “ Whereas divers officers and souldiers of the army doe daily intermarry with 
 the women of this nation who are Papists, or who only for some corrupt or car- 
 nail ends (as it is to be feared) pretend to bee otherwise, and who, while remain¬ 
 ing, or not being really brought off from those false ways in which they have or 
 doe walk, are declared by the Lord to be a people of his wrath. And though a 
 reall change in the blinde deluded people of this nation were to be wished and 
 ought to be endeavoured by all good peopel (it being the joy and delight of any 
 that God hath brought home to himselfe to see the like worke upon others hearts 
 
234 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 After being disbanded, if they married any of these attractive 
 but “ idolatrous” daughters of Erin, they were liable to have 
 them taken from them, or to march after them to Connaught 
 if they could not do without them. 
 
 COMMON SOLDIERS CHEATED OF THEIR LOTS OF LAND BY THEIR 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 But even if the soldier had not sold his debenture to his 
 officer, and was willing to plant, he was sometimes cheated by 
 them of his lot. For they wrung elections of seats and demesnes 
 they coveted from their own poor soldiers,^ who, remaining'' 
 under their command, were frightable into any bargain; or, 
 on coming down to look for possession, the poor soldier would 
 be shown a bog or other piece of coarse land, and the officer 
 would tell him that was the lot set out to him, and by that 
 
 also, wliicli frame of spirit I trust all Christians in this army have towardes 
 that people); yet that none he left to their own misguided judgments in things 
 where usually blinded affection makes them take any pretence for a reall worke 
 of God on the heart, I think fit to lett all know that if any officer or souldier 
 of this army shall marry with any women of this nation that are Papists, or 
 have lately been such, and whose change of religion is not, or cannot be judged 
 (by fitt persons, such as shall be appointed for that end) to flow from a reall 
 worke of God upon their hearts, convincing them of the falsehood of their owne 
 ways, and goodness and truth of that way they turn to, or that from any circum¬ 
 stance accompanying that action it shall be judged to be but from carnall ends 
 that they have made this change, I say that any officer who marries any such 
 shall hereby be held uncapable of command or trust in this army, and for 
 any soldier, &o. [as above], unlesse God doe by a change wrought upon them 
 with whom they have married take off this reproach. Given at Waterford, ist 
 May, 1651. 
 
 “ Ireton.” 
 
 “ Severall Proceedings in Parliament from 17th to 24th July, 165 [,” 
 p. 1458. 
 
 I “ Eeflections upon some Persons and Things in Ireland, by Letters to and 
 from Dr. Petty, with Sir Hierome Sankey’s Speech in Parliament,” p. 28. 
 i2mo. London : 1660. 
 
 > Ibid., p. 34. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 235 
 
 means bought the good land which really was the poor man’s 
 at the price of the bog.* In such cases one can easily con¬ 
 ceive how the man might be willing to take a horse in ex¬ 
 change, and a few shillings in his pocket to ride home with ; 
 and that thus the traditions, so common in Ireland, like that 
 of the White Horse of the Peppers, that the price of such and 
 such an estate was a white horse, have their foundations in 
 fact. Thus the scheme of an extensive plantation of English 
 yeomanry in Ireland, ready at all times to furnish a stout mi¬ 
 litary population to recruit the forces in England, or to turn 
 out in arms to defend their own interests asrainst the Irish or 
 
 O 
 
 any foreign force coming to their aid, so often attempted be¬ 
 fore in the course of the century, again failed. The former 
 schemes, however, were better contrived, being plans for re¬ 
 gular colonization ; but the Cromwellian design was wild in 
 the extreme, for of all bodies an army is the worst to colonize 
 with. What chance would there be of a colony, if at this day 
 a regiment of cavalry or infantry were marched into the wilds 
 of Ireland, and there disbanded, and told to plant ? 
 
 ATTEMPTS OF THE OFFICERS TO TAKE UNFAIR ADVANIWGE OF 
 ONE .\NOTHER IN THE SETTING OUT OF LANDS. 
 
 The opportunity for the officers to obtain unfair advantages 
 seems to have been principally in the setting out of the lands. 
 The surveyors either left out lands from the lot—sometimes in 
 favour of an influential officer, not of the troop or company, 
 who had got possession of land under a lease in custodiam ivovn 
 the state, and who hoped by holding longer possession to get 
 a grant of it in fee—or if an officer got a lot he did not relish, 
 he endeavoured to throw out the coarse land, and encroach at 
 the expense of his neighbours. 
 
 ' ‘‘ Ileflections upon some Persons and Things in Ireland, by Letters to and 
 iroin Dr. Potty, with Sir Ilierome Sankey’s Speech in Parliament,” p. 28. 
 i2mo. London: 1660. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 236 
 
 Colonel Le Hunte was captain of Cromwell’s life or body 
 guard of horse, a most influential person. He was in posses¬ 
 sion by lease from the state of some of the rich lands in the 
 suburbs of New Ross, at the time when Major Samuel Shep¬ 
 herd’s company was to be set down with the disbanded party 
 in the county of Wexford, the lot of the Major’s company fall¬ 
 ing near the town and liberties of Ross. 
 
 The lots ought in due course to be set out without interval; 
 but the surveyors left out 1500 acres of this fine land, pre¬ 
 tending partly that it was on lease to Colonel Le Hunte, and 
 partly that some of it was burgess land belonging to the town. 
 Major Shepherd had influence enough to get Colonel Le 
 Hunte’s lease suspended ; and by an inquisition from the Ex¬ 
 chequer got it found that the land was not corporation land, 
 but forfeited land, and he recovered it for his company.* 
 
 Colonel Warden having obtained an order of the Council 
 Board to be satisfied his arrears in the barony of Gowran, in 
 the county of Kilkenny, the lands of Jackstown, Kilbeg, and 
 Kilmarry were assigned to him by the Commissioners for set¬ 
 ting out lands; but by leaving out all the coarse lands in his 
 lot, he encroached into Columkill, and made up his pretended 
 want out of the best part of Columkill, in the lot of Quarter¬ 
 master Hugh Farr.^ 
 
 Similar to this was one of the charges against Dr. Petty, 
 that he reserved or withheld out of the strings of lands, when 
 handing them to the Commissioners to be set out to dilferent 
 regiments, several choice places, under pretence that they 
 were encumbered or doubtful, for the benefit either of himself 
 or friends, and kept debentures in reserve to be placed there 
 without lot. “ So came he (said his anonymous opponent) 
 by the North Liberties of Limerick, and the post town of Bal- 
 
OF IRKLAND. 
 
 237 
 
 lintoy in Ulster.”* Sir Jerome Sankey imputed to him another 
 indirect course of dealing with the Liberties of Limerick. 
 General Monk got an order of the Lord Protector and the 
 Council of State, equivalent to an Act of Parliament, to be 
 satisfied his arrears of £2637 in the county of Wexford,^ the 
 soldiers thereby removed to receive in satisfaction 5860 acres, 
 representing £2637 at the Act Rates (which were at the rate 
 of £450 per 1000 acres in Munster^) on the Mile line, or 
 Connaught belt, between Loophead in the county of Clare 
 (the northern cape at the mouth of the Shannon), and the 
 county of Galway.^ Petty had bought debentures belonging 
 to the Wexford lot to the amount of £1000, and had secretly 
 obtained an order to receive satisfaction in such jDlaces as he 
 should himself make choice of. He selected 1453 acres in 
 the North Liberties of Limerick, suggesting that there -were 
 not 5860 acres undisposed of on the Mile line if the North 
 Liberties of Limerick (by law belonging to the Wexford lot*) 
 should be excluded.® And he concealed his purchase by 
 acting in the name and as if in the behalf of the Lord Henry 
 Cromwell.'' Captain Winkworth, having obtained an order 
 for this coveted district, presented it to Dr. Petty, who simply 
 told him that the lands were reserved, and that he could not 
 have his debenture satisfied. Out of this incident. Sir Jerome 
 Sankey founded the charge in Parliament, of which Sir W. 
 
 ' Petty’s “ Down Survey,” by Laroom, p. 260. 
 
 ^ Dated 22nd August, 1654. Petty’s “Down Survey,’’ by Larcom, p. 224. 
 
 ® P. 187, supra. 
 
 * Order dated 22nd July, 1657. “Petty’s Down Survey,’’by Larcom, p. 224. 
 
 * “ The north Liberties of Limerick did by law belong to the 'Wexford lott, 
 and with debentures belonging to that lott I purchased them. ” Petty’s 
 “ Answer to the nine charges, &c.” Ibid., p. 285. 
 
 ® Assignment of lands by the Commissioners for setting forth lands to the 
 army, dated 2yth February, 1657-8. Ibid., p. 225. 
 
 ^ “ The situation of his lands, and that in Ilis Excellency’s name, and with¬ 
 out lot.” Anonymous opponent. Ibid., p. 262. 
 
238 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Petty gives a graphic sketch, that well illustrates the picture 
 of these conquerors quarrelling among themselves over their 
 prey. After a whole string of other charges, “ Why then, 
 Mr. Speaker (said Sir Jerome), there’s Captain Winkworth: 
 Captain Winkworth came with an order for the Liberties of 
 Limerick ; but the Doctor said, ‘ Captain, will you sell ? will 
 you sell ?’ ‘ No,’ said the Captain, ‘ it is the price of my blood.’ 
 Then said the Doctor, ‘ ’Tis bravely said: why then, my noble 
 Captain, the Liberties of Limerick are meat for your master,’ 
 meaning the Lord Deputy Sankey’s cause of quarrel with 
 Dr. Petty being that he stopped Sankey’s unrighteous order 
 for rejecting three thousand acres fallen to him by lot, and 
 enabling him arbitrarily to elect the same quantity in its 
 stead,^ thus rejecting at his pleasure what God had predeter¬ 
 mined for his lot.^ 
 
 ' Petty’s “ Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 299. 
 
 ^ Petty’s “ Eefleotions on some Persons and Things in Ireland,” &c., p. 69. 
 * Ibid., p. 85. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 239 
 
 CHAPTER y. 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 Matters are usually badly managed from a distance; and 
 as the Committee of Adventurers directed their affairs in Ire¬ 
 land from Grocers’ Hall in London, the business could scarce 
 fail to become entangled. 
 
 Their mode of proceeding was to quarter and sub-quarter 
 baronies (without regard to the quantity of forfeited land in 
 each barony), sometimes by a north and south line crossed by 
 an east and west line, sometimes by parallel lines running east 
 and west, or north and south, sometimes by diagonal lines, the 
 rule being (in order to preserve denominations entire) that on 
 whatever side of the quartering line the greatest part of a 
 denomination fell, the whole was to be reputed to lie entirely 
 on that side ; which rule was also applicable to sub-quarter- 
 ings.* But, instead of first reducing the townlands into one 
 continued file or string of contiguity of “ neat" lands, setting 
 aside for a time encumbered or “ duhiouse" lands, that so it 
 might be known with certainty from the first to the last dispo¬ 
 sable denomination in what order of priority each should be 
 disposed of, the managers in London gave assignments on the 
 different quarters and sub-quarters without proper oversight.’ 
 
 ' Petty’s “ Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 23S. 
 
 2 adventurer’s certificate. 
 
 “To All to whom these Presents shall Come, Greeting,— "Whereas, 
 by an ordinance made by His Highness the Lord Protector, by and with the 
 advice and consent of his Council, bearing date the 6th August, 1654, entitled 
 an Ordinance appointing a Committee of Adventurers for Lands in Ireland, for 
 
240 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Not knowing accurately what quantities of forfeited land were 
 in each quarter and sub-quarter, they overloaded some, which 
 thereby became deficient to answer the claims. Some ba¬ 
 ronies, for like want of information (or perhaps from misdeal¬ 
 ing) were redundant. In some divisions, lands set down as 
 forfeited were found to be not forfeited, or were restored to 
 delinquent Protestants on composition. Nor were the mana¬ 
 gers of the allotments free from imputations of fraud. 
 
 Sir Nicholas Crispe was a large Adventurer for Irish lands. 
 He appears to have subscribed both for the land and sea ser¬ 
 vice. For the land service he and his copartners subscribed 
 £1500. For the sea service he adventured of his own moneys 
 £1700. But the subscribers to the latter, having only an or¬ 
 dinance of the two houses for their security, were not recog¬ 
 nised at the Restoration. By his petition, presented to the 
 
 determining differences among the said Adventurers, Wee, Sii- Thomas Dacres, 
 Sir John Clotworthy, Alderman Thomas Andrews, Alderman John Fowke, Al¬ 
 derman Samuel Avery, Thomas Ayres, John Blackett, Senior, William Webb, 
 William Hawking, Charles Lloyd, George Almery, Thomas Barnardiston, John 
 Greensmith, Lawrence Bromeswold, Thomas Brightwell, Depntie Hutchinson 
 [with many others], or anie eleven or more of us, are authorized to settle a me¬ 
 thod for determining by lott how many and which of the Adventurers propor¬ 
 tions falling within one and the same particular barony wherein the escheated 
 lands shall fall short of the allotment shall be continued and laid out in such ba¬ 
 rony, or how much thereof; and which of the said Adventurers shall take his 
 proportion or how much thereof elsewhere, according to the Act of Parliament 
 made on that behalf. And also to settle a method by lott for ascertaining the 
 subdivisions of Adventurers proportions that shall continue in all and everie the 
 several! baronies according to the respective allotments. Now wee do heueby 
 Cbiviipy that the barony of Eliogarty, inthecounty of Tipperary, in the province 
 of Munster in Ireland, being equally and indifferently divided into four quarters, 
 that is to say. North East, No. i; South East, No. 2 ; South West, No. 3 ; and 
 North West, No. 4; Ellen Milborne, wife of John Milborne, of the parish of 
 St. Clement Danes, in the county Middlesex, Bitt Maker, upon a lott made ac¬ 
 cording to the method by us sett down, by virtue of the said ordinance, and duly 
 drawne in her behalfe, is to have to her and her heirs and assigns for ever two 
 
A Character of if dicidimj of if Barony of ConneUo, in the County 
 of Limerick, as it was sent to Captain Bohert Newcomen and 
 Mr. WiUiam Perkinson, Surveyors for if Irish Adventurers, 
 whose Ijottsfell in if Barony of Connello, from if Committee of 
 Adventurers for Lands in iretand, under if hand of Mr. Deacon, 
 Clerke of if Committee.^ 
 
 May, 16u8. 
 
 PLOT OR CHARACTER referred to in Sir Nicholas Crispe’s Petition. 
 
 ' The town of Askeaton would stand near the North-Eastern, the town of Glyn 
 near the North-Western angle of this Plot, both in the county of Limerick. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 241 
 
 King, in 1664, it appears that he was by the surveyor’s fraud 
 thrust for his proportion in the county of Limerick into a bog. 
 The barony ought by rule to be quartered, and each quarter to 
 be sub-quartered. But those that had share in the same barony 
 with Sir Nicholas Crispe were men of power in that ill time ; 
 and, contrary to all justice, in that sub-quarter where Sir 
 Nicholas’s lot fell they divided one half into three parts, in¬ 
 stead of by a cross line into equal quarters, and so left Sir 
 Nicholas’s proportion in a bog and coarse land, which he could 
 not let for more than the quit rent, which was his division for 
 one thousand pounds. The better to exhibit the fraud, he 
 attached the annexed “character” to his petition.' 
 
 hundred and twenty-two acres, three roods, and thirty perches of meddow, arable 
 land, and profitable pasture, Irish measure, which amounts to 359 acres, 3 roods, 
 31 perches, English measure ; and all the woods, boggs, loughs, waters, fishings, 
 and barren mountains, cast in over and above, together with the houses and 
 edifices thereon, and in her said lott contained in the North West quarter. No. 4, 
 of the same baronie, if the same be there to be had, the numbers one, two, and 
 three, being first satisfied, beginning her said measure for the same with the 
 rest of the Adventurers for the said quarter of such forfeited and profitable lands 
 as aforesaid, where No. 3 shall end, in what part of the said four quarters soever 
 of the said haronie the same shall happen to be ; and soe measuring from thence¬ 
 forward untQ she and they shall have her and their full proportion of lands lying 
 most contiguously together in that quarter of the same baronie if the same be 
 there to be had ; and in case of deficieney of forfeited and profitable lands for sa¬ 
 tisfaction of the said Ellen Milborne and the rest of the Adventurers in the said 
 quarter in the residue of the said barony, the Nos. r, 2, and 3, being first satis¬ 
 fied, then she and they are to have satisfaction for the same, or so much thereof 
 as shall be so wanting elsewhere: in witness whereof, wee have hereunto sett 
 our hands and seals, this 26th day of March, 1654.” 
 
 Attached are eleven seals. From the original in possession of Mr. Joseph 
 Hanly. 
 
 ' “ The Petition of Sir Kieholas Crispe, Knight. 
 
 “ Sheweth,—That your petitioner having a Lott for his adventure in the 
 barony of Connello in Ireland, those that had share in the same barony with him 
 (who were men of power in that ill time), being to divide the said barony into 
 four equal parts, which was done, each fourth part to be subdivided into four 
 
 R 
 
242 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 The consequences were painful: some had too much ; others 
 too little, or none at all. Some were found to have satisfactions 
 consisting of several townlands in length, from one’extremity 
 to another, more than three times the breadth. Others had 
 townlands not contiguous.^ They had, in fact, skipped over 
 coarse townlands, instead of proceeding regularly in the line 
 of progression. Others had taken bites as it were out of se¬ 
 veral townlands, whereas, in making satisfaction, more than 
 two denominations should never be cut for, as the next 
 preceding satisfaction might not exactly have exhausted the 
 last denomination, the following satisfaction might of course 
 have to begin with a broken one, and for the same reason 
 end with one; so much cutting might be necessary, but not 
 more. 
 
 The deficient Adventurers looked to the county of Louth, 
 allotted by the act for a supply in case of deficiency of the ten 
 half counties, and even threatened to come upon the four re- 
 
 equall quarters, which, contrary to all justice and equity, in that quarter where 
 your Petitioners’ lott fell they divided the one half into three parts, which 
 should have been by a cross line into equall quarters, as by a character thereof 
 under the hand of the Surveyor hereunto annexed appears. By which unequal 
 doing, contrary to order and practice, they left your petitioner his proportion in 
 a Bogg and coarse land, which your petitioner cannot let for more than the 
 Quit Bent, which is his division for one thousand pounds. 
 
 “ It is, therefore, his most humble prayer that your Majesty wiU be gra¬ 
 ciously pleased to give order to the Eight Honble. the Commissioners, that by 
 the Bill now preparing are to regulate the Adventurers interests in Ireland, that 
 there may be a view had of this indirect dealing, and that right be done the pe¬ 
 titioner therein.” 
 
 Eeferred (8th December, 1664), to the Duke of Ormond “and those other 
 honourable persons who are appointed to assist His Grace in the consideration of 
 the Bill [of Explanation] to be prepared for the settlement of Ireland”—to re¬ 
 port. Vol. F., Kecord Tower, Dublin Castle, p. 266. 
 
 ‘ “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. 241. 
 
 ! Ibid. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 243 
 
 served counties, the government reserve ; while the army, 
 which had only received lands to the amount of twelve shil¬ 
 lings and three pence per pound of their arrears, and were 
 eager for more, were also looking for Louth, and insisted that 
 if Dr. Petty were employed to overhaul the Adventurers’ pro¬ 
 ceedings, they would be found to have had lands sufficient. 
 Petty was accordingly, with the assent of the Adventurers, di¬ 
 rected to arrange the whole ; and some light is thrown on the 
 mode of distributing the lands to the army by his proceedings 
 in this business. As a preliminary, he desired to know 
 “ Whether all the baronies were quartered ? And all lands 
 within the barony, or only forfeited lands ? Which baronies 
 were divided into four quarters by parallel lines, and which by 
 north and south lines crossing each other ? Whether the di¬ 
 visional lines ran straight, thereby needlessly cutting many 
 denominations or parcels in the same barony ? Or whether 
 it was so contrived that one parcel only should be cut for ad¬ 
 justing the whole ? What rules also were given for the be¬ 
 ginning or pitching upon the first parcel in the first quarter, 
 and what rules to determine which parcel should successively 
 succeed, and be 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, &c.,‘ or whether the same 
 was left to discretion ? What rules they had in turning about 
 so as to maintain contiguity, when they passed out of the 
 South-East quarter into the South-West, forasmuch as in the 
 South-East quarter they proceeded from North to South, and 
 in the South-West Quarter, from South to North contrari¬ 
 wise 
 
 Dr. Petty proceeded to London to Grocers’ Hall, and 
 
 ■ At p. 207, supra, will be found the method Dr. Petty adopted in this par¬ 
 ticular in setting out lands to the army. 
 
 * The Lord Henry Cromwell, the Lord Deputy, to Methusaleh Turner, and 
 Mr. Robert Hammond, and Mr. Manton, 27 January, 1657-8. Thurloe’s “ State 
 Papers,” vol vi., p. 759. [The language, however, is plainly Petty’s.] 
 
 R 2 
 
244 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 having obtained the confidence of the Committee of Adven¬ 
 turers there, he acquired the information on all these and 
 other particulars necessary towards giving the deficient Ad¬ 
 venturers satisfaction. He finally formed two parallel lists 
 of deficient and redundant baronies, the first deficient barony 
 to be repaired out of the first redundant, and so downward, 
 till all were satisfied, and at the end it would be found if 
 Louth were free for the army. 
 
 The several denominations in each barony were to be 
 made into one continued file or string of contiguity, and so 
 be set out, and these strings to be arranged by three several 
 artists, from whom the priority of the lots of the Adventurers 
 were carefully withheld ; and, when made, one of the strings 
 was to be chosen by lot, as the only rule in the matter of suc¬ 
 cession-provisions to prevent any charges of partiality. 
 
 And these same artists were to determine by what line 
 every townland should be cut in cases where there might be 
 occasion for cutting, for making up a just number of acres 
 answering to each lot or debt'—a very necessary provision for 
 Dr. Petty’s safety ; for he had found in the case of the sol¬ 
 diers, that when the surveyor did not lay the house and 
 orchard on the right side of the line, the party disappointed 
 was sure to say Dr. Petty employed incompetent surveyors. 
 
 The priority of the certificates, or order of succession in 
 which they should be satisfied, like as the succession of the 
 debentures, was also fixed beforehand—in spite of which, in 
 the soldiers’ case, if they fell upon coarse land, better land 
 being behind, it was said Dr. Petty had overcharged the lot, 
 and stuffed in his own friends if better lands were before, 
 then debentures were not equally and impartially fixed.^ 
 
 • “Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, where, in chapter xvi., pp. 227-256, 
 these proceedings are set forth. 
 
 ’ Petty’s “ Ecflections on some Person's and Things in Ireland,” p. 113. 
 
 2 Ibid., ib., p. 115. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 245 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE RE-INHABITING OF IRELAND. 
 
 Ireland being now divided between the Adventurers, the Eng¬ 
 lish army, and the State, who may all be considered as new 
 purchasers of their several portions, the great opportunity so 
 lonof looked for had arrived to make it another England' or 
 (as Dr. Petty said), to replant and reduce it to its former 
 flourishing condition.^ 
 
 The original design of the Parliament was to leave un¬ 
 transplanted of the Irish, besides boys and girls entertained as 
 servants in English families, only a few who had never been 
 in arms, to serve as husbandmen and herdsmen to the English, 
 and thus to impose upon the new planters the necessity to 
 bring tenants from England. However, having regard to the 
 difficulty of this perfect and absolute English plantation, the 
 Parliament of England resolved to divide Ireland into three 
 districts or divisions—one of them to be a pure Irish planta¬ 
 tion ; another, a pure English plantation, to consist wholly of 
 English (not excluding, however, Dutch, Swiss, and Germans, 
 or other foreigners, provided they were opposed to the Irish) ; 
 the third, a mixed plantation of English landlords and masters, 
 with a permission to take Irish tenants and servants, but only 
 such as were without the rule of transplantation.^ 
 
 Connaught, as bounded by the River Shannon, including 
 the county of Clare, had been already appointed by Parliament 
 
 > P. 7 3, supra. 
 
 * “ Petty’s Down Survey,” by Larcom, p. i. 
 
 ’ “ The Great Interest of England in tbe well Planting of Ireland with Eng¬ 
 lish People Discussed,” p. 21. By Colonel Richard Lawrence. 
 
246 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 for the habitation of the Irish nation. The reason of this se¬ 
 lection was, its peculiar suitableness for the purpose of im¬ 
 prisonment. It is, in fact, an island surrounded (all but ten 
 miles) by the Shannon and the sea, and the whole river easily 
 made into one line with the sea by the erection of three or 
 four forts between Jamestown, at the head waters of the Shan¬ 
 non, and Sligo, the northern port of Connaught. On the 
 eastern side of the kingdom was to be found, it was observed, 
 a similar scope of land rendered nearly an island by the Boyne, 
 the Barrow, and the sea. These two rivers, rising within four 
 or five miles of one another in the Bog of Allen, and flowing 
 respectively north and south, make their issue to the sea— 
 the one at Drogheda, and the other at Waterford—the dis¬ 
 tance between the head waters being, at the period of the 
 Commonwealth settlement of Ireland, an impassable bog, or 
 continued fastness, and no passage but through such passes as 
 could be easily secured ; and the two rivers in winter over¬ 
 flowed, and in summer the few fords upon them readily 
 spoiled or guarded.’ In Henry VIII.’s day, this pass between 
 their head waters was considered the door of the English Pale 
 (of which O’Connor, as dwelling next to it, was by the Irish 
 called their key),'^ and was closed by building the four castles 
 of Kinnefad, Castlejordan, Ballinure, and Kishavann.® It was 
 now proposed that this well-secured district should become 
 a pure English plantation, or what might more properly per¬ 
 haps have been called an anti-Irish plantation, to consist alto¬ 
 gether of English (or foreigners who were Protestants), with¬ 
 out a single Irish tenant or servant permitted.'* It was only 
 
 1 “ The Great Interest of England in the well Planting of Ireland with 
 English People Discussed,” p. 21. By Colonel Richard Lawrence. 
 
 2 “ State Papers of Henry VIII. (Ireland),” vol. i. p. 325. 
 
 ’ Ibid., vol. ii., p. 241. 
 
 ‘ “ Great Interest of England in the well Planting of Ireland with English 
 People Discussed,” p. 21. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 247 
 
 the revival of a scheme of Richard II.’s day, who made all the 
 Irish engage to transplant from it, and find new homes for them¬ 
 selves by plundering their own countrymen west of the River 
 Barrow.* It was also among the projects for the new plant¬ 
 ing of Ireland in Henry VIII.’s day after Thomas Fitzgerald’s 
 rebellion. The Earl of Surrey, when Lord Lieutenant of Ire¬ 
 land, discussed with Henry VIII. the plan of planting it with 
 foreigners, as English in sufficient numbers were not then to 
 be had. He suggested, however, the danger, if Spaniards, 
 Flemings, Almains, or any other nation save the king’s natu¬ 
 ral subjects, were planted there, that they might retain their 
 allegiance to their foreign sovereign.^ Religion had not in 
 1520 created a difference between the Irish and other nations ; 
 but now, in 1653, there were foreign nations to be found, who, 
 agreeing with the English in religion, might always be trusted 
 to continue enemies of the Irish, and might be invited to form 
 part of this plantation. Being nearest to the succour of Eng¬ 
 land, being coasted on the east by the sea, and to be rendered 
 defensible on the land side by a few forts upon the banks of 
 the rivers, the plantation might easily secure itself in case of 
 any rising of the Irish inhabitants of the two other districts.^ 
 The third, or mixed plantation, was to be in the territories lying 
 in the middle of Ireland, between the Irish plantation of Con¬ 
 naught and the pure English plantation enclosed by the Bar- 
 row and the Boyne. In this mixed plantation no transplantable 
 persons were to be taken as tenants or servants, and only such 
 Irish as should be in each case specially authorized by the 
 state. The landlords were to be bound to make them speak 
 
 ' Sir John Davis, “ Discovery why Ireland was never thoroughly subdued 
 until the Reign of King James I.,” p. 615. 
 
 “ State Papers of Henry VIII. (Ireland),” vol. i., p. 79. 
 
 ’ “ The Great Interest of England in the well Planting of Ireland with 
 English,” p. 26. 
 
248 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 English within a limited time, and their children were to he 
 taught no Irish ; they were to observe the manners of the Eng¬ 
 lish in their habit and deportment wherein the English ex¬ 
 ceeded them. Their children were to be brought up under 
 English Protestant schoolmasters ; they were to attend the 
 public preaching of Protestant ministers; they were to abandon 
 their Irish names of Teig, and Dermot, and the like, and to call 
 themselves by the significance of such names in English ; and 
 for the future were to name their children with English names, 
 especially omitting the (O’) and (M‘); and, lastly, should build 
 their houses with chimneys as English in like capacity do, and 
 demean themselves in their lodging and other deportments 
 accordingly.1 
 
 IRELAND OPENED TO ALL FOREIGN PROTESTANTS ; ENGLISH 
 PURITANS ALSO INVITED BACK FROM AMERICA. 
 
 Ireland was now like an empty hive, ready to receive a 
 new swarm.^ It was a season of blessed expectation. The 
 English looked through both worlds for plants of a godly seed 
 and generation to out-plant and out-grow the relics of the Irish 
 race. “The expectation of this day,” said one in his address 
 on this subject to the Lord Protector, “ is the hope of Israel. 
 I look somewhat upon the hopeful appearance of replanting 
 Ireland shortly, not only by the Adventurers, but haply by the 
 calling in of exiled Bohemians and other Protestants also, but 
 haply by the invitation of some well-affected out of the Low 
 Countries.”^ And, accordingly, by the Act of September, 1653, 
 
 < “ The Great Interest of England in the well Planting of Ireland with 
 English Pe.ople Discussed,” p. 3. By Colonel Richard Lawrence. 4to. Dub¬ 
 lin : 1636. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 39. 
 
 ^ “ Ireland’s Natural History, written by Gerard Boate, and now published 
 by Samuel Hartlib, Esq., dedicated to his E.xcellency Oliver Cromwell, Captain- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 249 
 
 they supplemented the plantation of Ireland by making all 
 foreign Protestants as free of Ireland as natives of England.* 
 But one of the earliest efforts of the government towards re¬ 
 planting the parts reserved to themselves was, to turn to¬ 
 wards the lately expatriated English in America. In the 
 early part of the year 1651, when the country, by their own 
 description to the Council of State, was a scene of unparal¬ 
 leled waste and ruin, the Commissioners for Ireland affec¬ 
 tionately urged Mr. Harrison, then a minister of the Gospel 
 in New England, to come ov.er to Ireland, which he would 
 find experimentally was a comfortable seed plot (so they said) 
 for his labours. On his return to New England, it was hoped 
 he might encourage those whose hearts the Lord should stir 
 up to look back again towards their native country, to return 
 and plant in Ireland. There they should have freedom of 
 worship, and the [mundane] advantages of convenient lands, 
 fit for husbandry, in healthful air, near to maritime towns or 
 secure places, with such encouragement from the State as should 
 demonstrate that it was their chief care to plant Ireland with a 
 godly seed and generation.'* Mr. Harrison was unable to come; 
 but some movement appears to have been made towards a 
 plantation from America, as.proposals were received in January, 
 1655, for the planting of the town of Sligo and lands there¬ 
 abouts, with families from New England; and lands on the Mile 
 line, together with the two little islands called Oyster Island 
 and Coney Island (containing 200 acres), were leased for one 
 year, from loth of April, 1655, for the use of such English 
 
 General, and to the Right Hon*>i' Charles Fleetwood, Commander-in-Chief 
 (under him) of all the Forces in Ireland.” Dedication, p. 6. 4to. London: 1652. 
 
 > “ Act for the Satisfaction of Adventurers and Soldiers.” Scobell’s “ Acts 
 and Ordinances.” 
 
 2 “ Letter of the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland,” dated from 
 Dublin, September 18th, 1651. —. 
 
250 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 families as should come from New England, in America, in 
 oi’der to their transplantation.* 
 
 In 1656, several families, arriving from New England at 
 Limerick, had the excise of tobacco brought with them for 
 the use of themselves and families remitted f and other fami¬ 
 lies in May and July of that year, who had come over from 
 New England to plant, were received as tenants of State lands 
 near Garristown, in the county of Dublin, about fifteen miles 
 north of the capital.® 
 
 And who knows but the time may yet come for the govern¬ 
 ment of England to turn to the lately expatriated nation of 
 Irish which peoples the northern, southern, and western States 
 of America, and the more more distant territories of Australia, 
 and invite them “ to look back again towards their native 
 country,” by changing the policy of near seven hundred years, 
 and framing laws to promote the acquisition of Irish lands, 
 not by English capitalists, but by the sons of Ireland ? 
 
 Were some court to be again erected for the sale of lands 
 in Ireland, offering as many millions of acres as were set up 
 for sale by the late Incumbered Estates Court, and were due 
 security given to the Irish, the Irish would probably be seen 
 hastening in fleets over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, armed 
 with American and Australian gold, to purchase back the 
 land of their fathers. For there be many who (like Doctor 
 
 A * A 
 
 ' -j, P- 78; P- 125. ib- ® , P- 227- 
 
 3 “ Order on the Petition of John Stone to become tenant to the state for 40 
 or 50 acres at Garristown, he being desirous to settle himself with the families 
 
 that came over from New England to plant in this country, 5th May, 1656.” 
 A 
 
 E’ P- 9- 
 
 “ Order to let to John Barker (late come from New England, and now de¬ 
 sirous to plant here) 30 acres of the lands of Garristown, for the term of one 
 year, paying only contribution for the same, in case they find the said Barker is 
 willing to inhabit the same, and not to assign it to another. Council Chamber, 
 Dublin Castle, ^oth Ddy, 1656.” Ibid., p. 187. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 251 
 
 Petty) had rather live on their ancient patrimonies near home, 
 enjoy their old tried friends, and breathe their native air, than 
 to cross oceans and pass to new climates, and have a partner¬ 
 ship in the rich mines of Potosi.' 
 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ADVENTURERS IN REPLANTING. 
 
 The Adventurers, if their presence and activity may be 
 judged of by their proceedings against the Irish, came over 
 after their delays—so much complained of by the Commis¬ 
 sioners for the Affairs of Ireland—in 1656, and 1659. It is 
 probable they found great difficulties interposed by the officers 
 of the army, their rivals as planters, who had been for some 
 years in possession of the country, and had familiarized them¬ 
 selves with its ways and inhabitants. And there is reason to 
 think that many of the Irish proprietors, who had been hitherto 
 left in possession of their lands in the Adventurers’ baronies, or 
 lingered there during the adventurers’ delay in coming over, 
 got countenance from the officers. The latter had some reason 
 to wish them to stay; for they bore part of the assessment on 
 account of their tillage and their cattle, and it fell heavier as 
 the numbers to share the burden grew fewer. Even the poor 
 wandering Ulster creaghts became objects to entice into a 
 neighbourhood on this account; and in the orders of the Coun¬ 
 cil for forcing them to give up that barbarous mode of life, 
 wandering up and down with their families and herds of cattle 
 in order to fix them to tillage, inquiries were often directed to 
 know by whose encouragement they came to the other pro¬ 
 vinces.^ Consequently the officers may not have been very 
 willing to drive off the Irish proprietors occupying the Adven¬ 
 turers’ lands in their neighbourhood. Thus William Wallace, 
 
 1 “ Reflections on some Persons and Things in Ireland,” preface, p. 3, and 
 ibid,, p. 183. i2n)0. I.ondon : 1660. 
 
252 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 agent for the Adventurers entitled to the barony of Duleek, 
 in the county of Meath, adjoining the town of Drogheda, in 
 April, 1657, complained that there were Popish proprietors 
 still remaining in the barony, and prayed that they might be 
 transplanted into Connaught according to the proclamation. 
 It was referred by the Council to two justices of the peace of 
 the county of Meath to examine the allegations, and, if true, 
 to put the declaration into due and speedy execution for 
 removing them into Connaught.‘ The M‘Coughlan’s Country, 
 formed in the reign of James I. into the barony of Garry- 
 castle, in the King’s County, was in the neighbourhood of 
 Banagher, the navel of Ireland. The M‘Coughlans of Kil- 
 colgan w'ere allied by marriage to the Earls of Clanricarde ; 
 their neighbour, Terence Coughlan, after acting as Commissary 
 of the stores to the King’s army in 1649 and 1650, then 
 commanded by Ormond, Lord Lieutenant, retired in 1651 
 with his son Francis to Flanders, leaving his wife behind, and 
 there died in exile. Francis served King Charles II. as 
 captain of one of his foot regiments in Flanders.^ Gregory 
 Clements, Adventurer, had got by lot 7000 acres, plantation 
 measure, in the barony of Garrycastle,® and complained (7th 
 May, 1656) that Mrs. Coughlan had kept him two years out 
 of possession of the house and lands of Kilcolgan, and had 
 
 * Recitals in the King’s letter, of 18 th. December, i66o. “Book of King’s 
 Letters.’’ Exchequer, p. 38. 
 
 ® The barony of Garrycastle, in the King’s County, in the province of 
 Leinster [as divided among the Adventurers, A. D. 1655] :— 
 
 North Quarter, No. i. 
 
 AC'KES. 
 
 The Lord Wenman,.600 
 
 Mr. Samuel Roles,.1000 
 
 Mr. John Roles,.450 
 
 Mr. Parker,.600 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 2 C3 
 
 delivered the possession to others—officers probably who 
 connived at her attempt.' Mrs. Coughlaii, after obtaining a 
 dispensation (20th May, 1656) for six months,^ was finally 
 transplanted, and assigned lands in Galway and Mayo.^ At 
 the Eestoration, Gregory Clements suffered death as a regicide, 
 
 North Quarter, No. 1, continued. 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 John Sadler,. 100 
 
 Eichard Quiney,. 100 
 
 Benjamin Banister,. 100 
 
 Henry Han well,.100 
 
 3050 
 
 South Middle Quarter, No. 3. 
 
 . ACRES. 
 
 Mr. Gregory Clements, .3000 
 
 Mr. Botterill,. 50 
 
 3050 
 
 North Middle, No. 2. 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 Mr. John Sweetinge,.400 
 
 Mr. Humphrey Markworth,.1700 
 
 Mr. John Marriott,.225 
 
 Mr. Hevingham,.600 
 
 Mr. James Cocks,.100 
 
 Mr. John Blenkhorne,. 50 
 
 3075 
 
 South, No. 4. 
 
 ACRES. 
 
 Mr. Eye,.1000 
 
 Mr. Gregory Clements,.2000 
 
 Mrs. Mary Fountaine,.2210 
 
 3210 
 
 From Joseph Hardy, Esq., 27, Lower Gardiner-street. 
 
 ’ “ Petition of Mary Coghlan, widdow of Terence Coghlan of Kilcolgan, 
 to Ormond, Lord Lieutenant,” 28 August, 1663. “ Carte Papers,” vol. clix., 2. 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 254 
 
 and the king ordered Terence to be restored'—but this was 
 delayed. Meantime his mother lost her pittance in Galway 
 by the Marchioness of Olanricarde’s restoration ; and all but a 
 remnant of her final settlement in the barony of Gallon, in the 
 county of Mayo.® 
 
 But women are always harder to deal with in ejectments 
 than men, and two others gave the Adventurers equal trouble 
 as Mrs. Goughian—the one Lady Thurles, the other Lady 
 Dunsany. The Viscountess Thurles was the Earl of Ormond’s 
 mother. She was daughter of Sir John Poyntz of Acton, in 
 Gloucestershire. The castle and town of Thurles, with 4000 
 acres adjacent, was her dower land. There she had dwelt 
 since the breaking out of the war of 1641, and had given her 
 powerful protection to many English who fled to her friendly 
 shelter. From 1643 to 1646 she had advanced considerable 
 sums to the relief of the English army—X300 at one time, 
 and £500 at another, and many other sums. When Major 
 Peisley was forced to yield his neighbouring garrison of 
 Archerstown to the Irish forces, and he and others of his com¬ 
 pany were wounded and much spent out and weakened, she 
 invited him and his whole company to her house, and enter¬ 
 tained them for many weeks, and sent them to the English 
 garrison of Doneraile, well cured, and refreshed with supplies 
 of moneys and provisions. But all this could not save her. 
 She was a Papist; for Lord Ormond was the only Protestant 
 of his family, by the accident of being made a King’s ward on 
 his father’s death, and brought up in the family of Dr. Abbott, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury; and though she had shown much 
 good affection, she had dwelt in the enemy’s quarters. She 
 
 ' Eecitals in the King’s Letter, of i8th December, 1660. “ Book of King’s 
 
 Letters.” Exchequer, p. 38. 
 
 2 “ Petition of Mary CogHan, widdow of Terence Coghlan of Kilcolgan, 
 to Ormond, Lord Lieutenant,” 28 August, 1663. “ Carte Papers,” vol. clix. 2' 
 
OF IKKLANl). 
 
 25.^ 
 
 therefore fell short of a Constant good affection ; and forfeit 
 her dower lands she must, andbyrule transplant to Connaught.* 
 The barony of Eliogarty had fallen to the Adventurers ; and 
 Mr. JohnCunn, their agent, claimed the lands in the possession 
 of the Lady Thurles, “ a Popish recusant and transplantable,” 
 and urged her removal.* The lands probably the Adventurers 
 obtained. It was not in the power of the Commissioners to 
 refuse them ; hut Lady Thurles’ personal transplantation was 
 dispensed with from time to time ; and she dwelt, perhaps, 
 with the Marchioness of Ormond (who continued possessed of 
 her property, though her husband’s the Marquis’s was confis¬ 
 cated), till her son returned with increased honours and power 
 at the Restoration. 
 
 Other Adventurers, whose lots had fallen in the barony of 
 Skreen, in the county of Meath, were anxious to plant and 
 commence the improvement of that neighbourhood. In their 
 lot lay the castle and lands, late the estate of Lord Dunsany. 
 
 He had taken no part with the lords and gentlemen of the 
 Pale, beyond signing two letters of remonstrance to the Lords 
 Justices, and protested he had no sympathy with Ireland. He 
 said that he was an Englishman born—that his mother was an 
 Englishwoman, his wife an Englishwoman; that his house 
 had been lords under the Crown of England for 300 years; 
 that never was there one of them disloyal; and that four of 
 them. Lords of Dunsany, had been killed in the field in be¬ 
 half of the Crown of England. He had, in short, an Irish 
 estate, but an English heart, and was only an Irishman in so 
 far as he did not live in England. He held that Ireland was 
 fit only to subserve the pride and purposes of England. To 
 
 *“ Boiik of the Proceedings at the Mallow Cominission, 18th July, 1636.” 
 Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
256 
 
 THK CROMWELLIAN SETTLF,Mf:NT 
 
 use his own words, he had rather die a loyal subject and 
 lover of the prosperity ofEngdand, even if he were hanged for 
 it, than live in quiet, the possessor of all the north of Ireland.* 
 He therefore closed the doors of Dunsany Castle as well as 
 his ears and his heart, to the call of his country, until at length 
 he had to listen to Cromwell bidding him begone. At Lord 
 Dunsany’s earnest prayer, however, he was allowed (9th March, 
 1653) to plough his forefathers’ fields as tenant to the State, 
 
 * Lord Dunsany's Letter. 
 
 “ Rt. Honble. My very good Lord, 
 
 “Forasraucli as by the accident of fortune I have been involved in a 
 business that doth trench upon my duty and creditt, which is upon the general 
 commotion of this kingdom of Ireland. As your Lop. knows there was a great 
 number of mistakes in the carriadge of ye cause, as was intimated by those who 
 wished the same for their own particular ends, of which I was none, nor never 
 will be. As for my part, I am now condemned for my slowness in following their 
 proceedings, and am, therefore, at this house in dread of my life and goods, yet 
 I never corresponded with their councils, parleys, meetings, or camps, other than 
 two letters, which were sent to the Lords Justices which was for the safety of 
 my wife, and children, and families, which Nature leads a man unto; and the 
 reason that made me do the same was—first, I am an Englishman born, my 
 mother an English woman, and my wife an English woman, the engrafting of 
 which did alienate my heart from their cruel and base proceedings. 
 
 “ And withal the ancient loyalty my house hath borne to the Crown of Eng¬ 
 land, being Lords under the same this three hundred years, and I the eleventh 
 of the same family, and which time there was never any of them disloyal, and 
 withal four of them. Lords of the house, killed in the field in the behalf of the 
 Crown of England, and every one of the rest wounded in the same service, sav¬ 
 ing my father and myself, having no occasion to be put to the same. And being 
 seduced by sinister information that his Sacred Majesty did allow of this rash 
 attempt which was the reason of my innocent errors concerning the same; In 
 which I did never correspond either in particular or in general, other than when 
 the present scourge did compell me to it. 
 
 “And now that I have seen his Sacred Majesty’s Proclamation to the con¬ 
 trary, I am become an humble suitor to yoiu- Lordship, that out of your accus¬ 
 tomed favour to me, you would be pleased to accept of my humble submission, 
 to dispose of me as you shall think fit : and in the mean time to send me your 
 
OF IRFLAFl). 
 
 257 
 
 while waiting for transplantation.' When that day came, his 
 wife, unable to face her bitter fate, clung with her children in 
 frenzied despair to the seat of her former happiness. 
 
 In 1655 the Adventurers sent their agents over to Ireland ; 
 and on the 13th July in that year they proceeded to the castle 
 of Dunsany, accompanied by the high constable and sheriff of 
 the county, bearing the order of the Council, and demanded 
 entrance and possession of the place for the Adventurers. But 
 the Lord of Dunsany’s lady denied the possession unless she 
 were forcibly carried thence. There was a pause; probably 
 the sheriff'was friendly, and advised a delay—a report to the 
 principals, perhaps, in London or Bristol. Next year they came 
 themselves, Hans Graham and others; and on the 4th July, 
 1656, the high constable with his force was ordered peremp¬ 
 torily to put the Adventurers into the quiet possession of the 
 castle; and Major Stanley, justice of the peace, was ordered 
 to keep the peace there, whilst poor Lady Dunsany and her 
 children should be removed by main force from her home by 
 the high constable and his men.^ 
 
 If rank, then, and title and English blood could not save 
 high-born ladies from being dragged out of their homes by the 
 Adventurers, they were not likely to treat the Irish with much 
 
 written protection and pass, being [firm] in my resolve, rather to be hanged 
 with the imagination that I died a loyall subject and a lover of the prosperity of 
 England, than to live in the quiet possession of all the north of Ireland ; and 
 thus expecting your LoP®. favourable answer, I rest, 
 
 “ Your LoP®. in all duty to be commanded, 
 
 “ Dunsany. 
 
 “ To the Earl of Ormond. 
 
 “From my Lord of Dunsany, 
 
 “receavedthe ii March, 1641-2.” 
 
 “Carte Papers,” vol. ii., p. 271. 
 
258 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 consideration. John Pitts, of Devonshire, Adventurer, casta 
 lot in London, which fell to be satisfied in the county of Tip¬ 
 perary. Mr. Pitts came over in February, 1656, with his cer¬ 
 tificates ; and, having presented them to the registrar of 
 forfeited lands, got an order to the being put into possession 
 of a parcel of land in the barony of Iffa and Oflfa, in the 
 neighbourhood of Clonmel. Under this order he made a formal 
 entry upon his fine rich lands of Tipperary, and then returned 
 into England for the bringing over his family, for the planting 
 and setting down upon his lot. On the 12th June, 1656, he 
 came over in order to the taking up his abode in Tipperary; 
 but was kept out of his lot by “ the insolency of that Irish 
 rebel [so he reported to the Commissioners for Ireland] that 
 formerly held the lands,” who showed some delay in turn¬ 
 ing out with his wife and daughters, to make way for him, 
 Mr. Pitts and his establishment, from Devonshire. Mr. Pitts 
 had recourse to the Council Board; and Richard Le Hunte, 
 high sheriff of Tipperary, was thereupon directed to call all 
 parties before him ; and if it should appear that the said rebel, 
 Philip O’Neale, one of the sons of Hugh O’Neale,' was a pro¬ 
 prietor of that or other parcel of land, that he should take 
 care to seeure the body of the said Philip, for his not trans¬ 
 planting aceordlng to the rule in the Aet of Parliament, in 
 order that such proceedings might be had as should be agree¬ 
 able to justiee, and that the Adventurer be put into possession 
 of the lands according to law.^ 
 
 That the law in this case meant the will of the strongest, 
 and the administering of justice meant the enforcing of that 
 
 1 It need scarcely be mentioned that this was not the historical Hugh 
 O’Neil, who warred against Queen Elizabeth. He was simply some proprietor 
 of land dwelling near Clonmel, and his son Philip a rebel like the Earl of 
 Ormond and Lord Dunsany. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 259 
 
 will, was probably the reflection of Philip O’Neale in his prison 
 hours, and afterwards as he took his way with his weeping 
 wife and daughters to Connaught: his love for English law was 
 probably not much increased. What protection it afforded to 
 Mr. Pitts is not recorded; his safety (if safety he enjoyed) 
 must have been secured by some other sanction than respect 
 for the law and constitution of England. 
 
 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE OFFICERS IN REPLANTING. 
 
 It might at first be supposed that the officers would prove 
 harder masters than the Adventurers. But the Adventurers 
 differed much from the officers; they were merchants and 
 traders, full of all the ignorant prejudices of the English 
 against the Irish, knowing no tie between man and man but 
 interest or necessity, and unaccustomed to the management 
 of land and tenants, which is a kind of statesmanship. The 
 officers were accustomed to command men, and had been in 
 Ireland near six years before the Adventurers began to come 
 over in any numbers to take possession of their lots, and had 
 by that time contracted ties with the Irish in many ways. 
 After the surrender of the Irish armies, the gentry, who had 
 almost all been officers, returned to their former neighbour- 
 hood, pending the final resolutions of the Parliament concerning 
 their fate, and took to the tillage of their ancient inheritances 
 for their support. Between the English officers who occupied 
 their mansions as military posts or under custodiums (i. e. orders 
 for temporary possession by the State), and the families of the 
 former owners, many friendships must have been formed. 
 The late proprietor and the officer had probably been often 
 engaged in conflict; but now that the war was over, it would 
 only the more dispose them to intercourse. Many of the 
 officers were single men ; they must have invited the family 
 from the offices to the house, and the officer would scarce 
 
26 o 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SE'ITLEMENT 
 
 fail to become a conquest to some of his fair captives. Just as 
 Strongbow and his followers, captivated by Irishwomen, took 
 wives of the native race, so did the captains and lieutenants 
 of Cromwell’s army intermarry with the Irish, and that too 
 long before peace had been proclaimed between the armies. 
 Spenser has dwelt upon the danger from these marriages to 
 the English interest. An English rhymer—his contemporary 
 in Ireland—as cynical in rhyme as the poet was in prose, 
 has thus denounced them : — 
 
 “We know from good experience 
 It is a dangerous thing 
 For one into his naked bed' 
 
 A poisoning toad to bring ; 
 
 ' Such was the custom of Europe till the 17th century. “Our woodcut” 
 says Mr. Wright, “ number 262” [of a young lady of high rank, with her person 
 very much exposed], “is a particularly good illustration of the habit which stiU 
 continued in all classes and ranks of society of sleeping in bed entirely naked. 
 The same practice is shown in our other cuts, and, indeed, in aU the illuminated 
 manuscripts of the 15th centmy, which contain bedroom scenes.”—“ Domestic 
 Manners in England during the Middle Ages.” By Thomas Wright, M. A., 
 P. S. A. Dedicated to Lady Londesborough, p. 411. Imperial 8vo. London : 
 1862. This custom was lately, perhaps stiU is in use in many parts of Ireland. 
 Not many years since, during a trial of some Whiteboys at Clonmel, an inci¬ 
 dent was related by a witness that raised a discussion more lively than learned 
 among the young barristers in court in the absence of the Judge at his lun¬ 
 cheon, concerning this condition of things. Some of them, however, doubted 
 the practice. A young constabulary officer sitting under the Bench joined in 
 the conversation, and appealing to his brother officer, a Sub-Inspector of Police, 
 said, “ Don’t you remember, Cox, the night we surrounded a farmer’s house at 
 the back of the mountain of Slievenamon, where we suspected a MTiiteboy on 
 the run to be harboured ; and that they might not have time to hide him, we 
 thundered at the door, swearing we’d break it in, and drag every soul to prison 
 if it wasn’t opened instantly : and a fine girl, that we startled out of her bed, 
 and nearly out of her life, opened it, holding a white plate, snatched from the 
 dresser, before her, like the Venus de Medicis ?” 
 
OF IRELAND, 
 
 261 
 
 Or else a deadly crocodile, 
 
 'When as he goeth to rest 
 To lie with him ; and as his mate 
 To place next to his breast.’'> 
 
 As if in taking any of these charming creatures he would 
 find he had got a crocodile for his bedfellow. 
 
 Ireton, Lord Deputy and Commander-in-Chief in 1651, 
 therefore, had to forbid the banns; his officers and soldiers 
 were taking Irish wives; he forbade any such marriage to any 
 of them under pain of being cashiered.'^ In 1652, amongst 
 the first plans for paying the army their arrears in land, it 
 was suggested there should be a law that any officers or sol¬ 
 diers marrying Irishwomen should lose their commands, for¬ 
 feit their arrears, and be made incapable to inherit lands in 
 Ireland.^ No such provision, however, was introduced into 
 the Act, because it provided against this danger more eflfec- 
 tually by ordering the women to transplant, together with the 
 whole nation, to Connaught. Those in authority, however, 
 ought never to have let the English officers and soldiers come 
 in contact with the Irishwomen, or have ordered another army 
 of young Englishwomen over, if they did not intend this pro¬ 
 vision to be nugatory. 
 
 Planted in a wasted country amongst the former owners 
 and their families, with little to do but to make love, and no 
 lips to make love to but Irish, love with all its consequences 
 must follow between them as necessarily as a geometrical 
 conclusion follows from the premises. For there were but 
 few who (in the language of a Cromwellian patriot), 
 
 -“ rather than tume 
 
 From English principles, would sooner burne; 
 
 I Derrick’s “ Image of Ireland,” A. D. 1581. Somers’ “ Tracts,” p. 573. 
 . A 
 
 84' 
 
 , p. 34>- 
 
 A 
 
 —, p. 286. 
 
262 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 And rather than niarrie an Irish wife, 
 
 Would batchellers remain for tearme of life.”* 
 
 The strongest proofs of the frequency of these intermarriages 
 are the various orders putting in force the provisions of 
 Ireton’s proclamation over officers still in the service.^ Over 
 those who were disbanded and set down on their lots they had 
 no control, and these formed a very large proportion of the 
 army. 
 
 But even with an English wife the captain’s family planted 
 in Ireland soon degenerated or grew Irish. The process has 
 been sketched from the life, and been mourned over by a 
 Cromwellian soldier. He shows by what means the captain 
 wrung from his neighbour and former comrade in the war, 
 the poor soldier, his allotment of debenture land. “ Thus 
 Ireland was reduced,” he begins :— 
 
 “ But let’s see how 
 
 The gallant soiJdiers are requited now. 
 
 Some private souldiers were by their commanders 
 
 Chous’d of their land, and packed away to Flanders ; 
 
 ' “The Moderate Cavalier; or, the Soldier’s Description of Ireland. A 
 Book fitt for all Protestants Houses in Ireland.” qto. Printed [at Cork, ap¬ 
 parently], 1675. 
 
 2 Commissioners of the Revenue of the precinct of Galway to examine what 
 civill or other officers within that precinct are married to Irish Papists, and to 
 certify their names and employments, respectively, forthwith to the Commis¬ 
 sioners of the Commonwealth. January, 1654. —, p. 28. 
 
 “ Whereas we are informed that William MorSfon, now Clerk to the Com¬ 
 missioners of Revenue at Wexford hath maried a Papist (contrary to the tenor of 
 the declaration in that behalf), whereby he hath made himself incapable of con¬ 
 tinuing in his said employment; and forasm uch as there is recommended to us 
 one Rowland Samuell, that hath a charge of wife and family, that is a person 
 able and faithful to officiate in his stead ; it is ordered that the said William 
 Moreton be dismissed his said employment from the date hereof, and that the 
 said Rowland Samuell do serve the said place in his room. Dublin, 14^* July, 
 1654. 
 
 “ Charles Fleetwood. Miles Corbet.” 
 
 A 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 263 
 
 And he that would not go, but thought to stay, 
 
 And live on’s land they found another way 
 
 The captain worries him with law, 
 
 “ Whereby the fruits 
 Of all his hopes, his labour, and his land. 
 
 He spends at law, his captain to withstand. 
 
 Wearied at law, to purchase peace at last. 
 
 He sells his land, and then that danger’s past. 
 
 Now while his money lasts, or some short space. 
 
 His captain makes him serjeant of the place.' 
 
 But this ne’er holds ; for he, with cap in hand, 
 
 To’s captain’s wife cannot at all turns stand ; 
 
 Nor can he Irish speak to buy and sell, 
 
 Nor tenants can procure with them to dwell.”* 
 
 The Irish retainers now win their way to the good graces 
 of the captain and his wife by their hearty manners, and sup¬ 
 plant the English servants by their fondness for the children, 
 and by the cheaper rate they are ready to serve at. The ser¬ 
 vices of the poor soldier against the Irish are forgotten, his 
 faults and blemishes only remembered :— 
 
 -“ for he looks for cates, 
 
 They say; is too fine mouthed; and at the rates 
 
 I “ To all Xtian people to whom these presents shall come Greeting, know 
 Tee that Wee have conferred upon Jasper White, one of our servants, the ofiioe 
 or place of Serjeant or bailiffe of Kilfokill, in the county of Tipperary, to Have 
 and to Hould the said office of Serjeant, in as large, ample, and beneficial man¬ 
 ner as any other bailiffe formerly exercising the said office held and enjoyed the 
 same, together with all perquisitts and profitts thereunto belonging, and to con¬ 
 tinue therein during our pleasure. In witness whereof wee have hereunto sett 
 our hand and seale, this 25th November, 1645. 
 
 “ Carte Papers,” v. clxiv., 34. “ Ormonde.” 
 
 Again—" Butler prevailed upon Sir Thomas Prendergast, Bart., to turn off 
 one Kelly who was Seijeant, and took care of his woods ; and having appointed a 
 Serjeant of his own, he and his agents eut, of 26,000 trees all but 2500 trees.” 
 “ Theobald Butler, Appellant, against Sir Thomas Prendergast, Bart., Respon¬ 
 dent.” 4th Brown’s “Parliamentary Cases,” p. 174 (A. D. 1720). 
 
 * “The Moderate Cavalier,” A.D. 1675. 
 
264 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 The Irish do can’t live. Give them potatos, 
 
 They’ll hoil and roast; then stroke up their mustachoes." 
 This makes them Teige employ, ’cause he will serve 
 For less than English can, so they must starve. 
 
 Then out he's turned, and in comes Teige in’s room. 
 
 Now Irish Teige is just to the Captain’s mind— 
 
 Whate’er his master says he’ll swear. So kind, 
 
 Besides, he proves to the children of his master. 
 
 That when the maid chides them, he swears he ’U haste her. 
 With “ Yoarnecn glagal,"'^ and “ Agramacree,"^ 
 
 He takes his master’s son upon his knee. 
 
 And then Teige laughs and swears hy’s gossip’s hand 
 His father’s son’s the best in all Ireland. 
 
 This pleases so the mother of the child, 
 
 That all 'Teige does is well. She’s so beguiled 
 
 * Spenser noted this as among the Spanish and Moorish customs he found 
 prevalent in Ireland. “ And this w'as the aimcient manner of the Spaniards, as it 
 yet is of the Mahometans, to cut off all their beards close, save only their mus- 
 chachios, which they wear long. And the cause is for that they, being bred in a 
 hot country, found much haire on their faces and other parts to he noyous untO' 
 them, for which cause they did cut it most away like as contrarily in all other 
 nations brought up in cold countries do use to nourish their haire, to keepe them 
 the warmer, which was the reason that the Scythians and Scots wore glibbes to 
 keep their heads warm, and long beards to defend their faces from cold.” “A 
 View of the State of Ireland," by Edmund Spenser, A. D. 1596, p. 483. “Tracts 
 and Treatises concerning Ireland.” Alex. Thom & Son. 8vo. Dublin: i860. 
 An Irish Statute, 25 Hen. VI., c. 20 [A. D. 1447], unpublished, forbids crom- 
 meal (or moustache). It appears that English living in the marches or borders 
 dressed like the Irish, and thus, by colour of being Englishmen, the Irish had op¬ 
 portunity to rob, &c.; wherefore it was ordained that no manner of man who 
 would be accepted for an Englishman have any beard above the mouth, that 
 is to say, that he have no hair upon his upper lip, so that the said lip be shaven 
 once at least within two weeks, or of equal growth with the nether lip ; and if 
 any man be found among the English contrary hereunto, it may be lawful for 
 every man to take them and their goods as Irish enemies, and to hold them to 
 ransom as Irish enemies.” Transcribed and translated by the Irish Record Com¬ 
 missioners, 1810-1823. 
 
 ^ My bright love. 
 
 s My heart's darling. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 265 
 
 ■With flattering, that now Teige’s wife must nurse ^ 
 
 The next child she shall have. Teige swears his purse 
 Shall be the child’s. Now that he’s foster father, 
 
 Not for his own, but for this child he ’ll gather ; 
 
 He’ll give the child a ‘ Coat-i-hawn of handle,'^ 
 
 And buy it ‘ Brogal gaulda,’’^ and then dandle 
 
 The babe in’s arms, crying ‘ Sham page ,‘ Cade pogc.'^ 
 
 ‘ Vic a me vaister ’^—‘ Ntih tousa Shane ogeT^ 
 
 ‘ Yow tow LawnahB This pleases more and more ; 
 
 Teige’s now of kin that was not so before. 
 
 Who now but Teige ? II is counsel so prevails, 
 
 That all the English servants by his tales 
 Are threatened to be turned away : his cozins 
 Come flocking round about him by whole dozens. 
 
 Donagh the groom steps in in Eichard’s place, 
 
 And Shevane oge doth turn out gentle Grace ; 
 
 Then Gilla Patrick, Hugh, and the Mac Rorys, 
 
 Are sent for home who ’re out among the Tories. 
 
 The English neighbours (undegenerate). 
 
 These furies cause their fosterer to hate ; 
 
 Do trespass on their land, and drive to pound 
 'The honest men’s cattle off their own ground. 
 
 To law they go. Now all things are in fitness. 
 
 And right or wrong, Teige is the captain’s witness.” 
 
 Vain, therefore, were Sir Jerome Alexander’s measures to 
 keep his posterity English, notwithstanding all the praises be¬ 
 stowed upon them. This spiteful Englishman, Judge of the 
 Common Pleas in Ireland, left his daughter and heiress the 
 beautiful Abbey of Kilcooley, in the county of Tipperary, and 
 all his estate there, but made the gift void by his will 
 (A. D. 1670), if she married any Irishman, were he Archbishop, 
 Bishop, Peer, or Prelate, or Irish Baronet, Knight, or Squire ; 
 
 ■ A white petticoat of handle cloth. * English brogues or shoes. 
 
 ^ Give me a kiss. ^ An hundred kisses. 
 
 * Dear son of my master. 
 
 ' Are’nt you young John ? “ The Moderate Cavalier; or, Souldiers Descrip¬ 
 tion of Ireland.” A. D. 1675, 
 
 ’ You shall get it, my pet. 
 
266 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 or any man born or bred there, or of Irish extraction, or having 
 his relations or means of subsistence there. For English pride 
 and reserve, it has been long observed, dissolves in Ireland like 
 ice in the genial western breeze.‘ 
 
 THE OFFICERS TAKE THE OLD PROPRIETORS AS THEIR 
 TENANTS. 
 
 The officers immediately upon obtaining a lease or custo- 
 dium from the State (pending the preparation of the law that 
 gave them land for their arrears), took the Irish as tenants for 
 want of English ; for in a country where lands were to be had 
 for the asking, no one would come from a better country to a 
 worse, to labour as a servant or tenant on another man’s lands, 
 when he might till or pasture his own. As the impossibility of 
 getting English tenants grew more evident, and the urgent want 
 of tillage increased, the officers in Limerick, Cork, Kerry, and 
 
 ■ About forty years after the Cromwellian Settlement, and just seven years 
 after the Battle of the Boyne, the following was written: “We cannot so 
 much w^onder at this [the quick “degenerating” of the English of Ireland], 
 when we consider how many there are of the children of Oliver’s soldiers in 
 Ireland who cannot speak one word of English. And (which is strange) the 
 same may he said of some of the children of King William’s soldiers who came 
 hut t’other day into the country. This misfortune is owing to the marrying 
 Irishwomen for want of English, who come not over in so great numbers as are 
 requisite. ’Tis sure that no Englishman in Ireland knows what his children 
 may he as things are now; they cannot well live in the country without grow¬ 
 ing Irish ; for none take such care as Sir Jerome Alexander [second Justice of 
 the Common Pleas in Ireland from i66i to his death in 1670], who left his 
 estate to his daughter, hut made the gift void if she married any Irishman 
 Sir Jerome including in this term ‘ any lord of Ireland, any archbishop, bishop, 
 prelate, any baronet, knight, esquire, or gentleman of an Irish extraction or 
 descent, born and bred in Ireland, or having his relations and means of subsis¬ 
 tence there,’ and expressly, of course, any ‘Papist.’” “ True Way to render 
 Ireland Happy and Secure; or, a Discourse wherein ’tis shown that ’tis the 
 Interest both of England and Ireland to encourage Foreign Protestants to plant 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 267 
 
 various counties, got general orders, giving dispensations from 
 the necessity of planting with English tenants, and liberty to 
 take Irish. The proprietors who had established friendships 
 with their conquerors secretly became tenants under them to 
 parts of their former estates, ensuring thereby the connivance 
 of their new landlords against their transplantation. 
 
 On the ist June, 1655, the Commissioners for the Affairs 
 of Ireland (Fleetwood, Lord Deputy, one of them), being then 
 at Limerick, discovered this fraud. “ We found the officers,” 
 they said, “ objecting in several places that some of our own 
 orders obstructed the work of transpl-antation.” They were 
 made on behalf of Sir W. Fenton, Sir Hardress Waller, and 
 other English proprietors. The words of the orders were so 
 penned as gave them liberty to keep Irish proprietors on their 
 estates. But the words were disowned by the Council as not 
 within their intention. “ I clearly see,” he concludes, “ that 
 we must encounter more and more difficulties when the Ad¬ 
 venturers and Soldiers are in possession. But if the Lord hath 
 
 in Ireland ; in a Letter to the lion. Eobert Molesworth.” 4to. Dublin. 
 Andrew Crook. 1697. 
 
 It is not a little curious to find Irish harpers in their houses within five 
 years of their planting. In 1663 the army lately planted in Ireland formed a 
 plot to seize the Castle of Dublin, and to overthrow the government, being dis¬ 
 contented at the proceedings of the Court of Claims. Amongst the vast mass of 
 intelligence furnished to the Duke of Ormond, then Lord Lieutenant, is the fol¬ 
 lowing conversation between Colonel Edward Warren and an Irish harper:— 
 
 “ Colonel Edward Warren, being at Eathmolyon in the barony of Moyfen- 
 ragh, in the county of Meath, discoursing with Eichard Malone, a blind harper, 
 aged thirty-six years, asked him how many governments he remembered in his 
 tyme? Malone answered that he remembered several, naming the several 
 alterations during these twenty-one years. Whereunto the said Warren 
 answered, that before it were long he might add one more government to the 
 rest.” “Carte, MSS.,’’ vol. G. G., p. 389. Endorsed in the Duke’s hand : “ Con¬ 
 cerning Colonel Edward Warren.’’ Warren was executed with Major Alexander 
 Jephson, 15th July, 1663. Their dying speeches are given, ibid., vol. vii., 
 Ireland, pp. 248, 249. 
 
268 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 not a farther scourge for us here, he will strengthen our hands 
 to the carrying it out.”* They, accordingly, issued a peremp¬ 
 tory order revoking all former dispensations for English pro¬ 
 prietors to plant with Irish tenants; and they enjoined upon 
 the Governor of Limerick and all other officers the removing 
 of the proprietors thus sheltered and their families into Con¬ 
 naught, on or before that day three weeks.“ But, happily, all 
 penal laws against a nation are difficult of execution. The 
 officers still connived with many of the poor Irish gentry, and 
 sheltered them, which caused Fleetwood, then Commander of 
 the Parliament forces in Ireland, upon his return to Dublin, 
 and within a fortnight after the prescribed limit for their re¬ 
 moval was expired, to thunder forth from Dublin Castle a 
 severe reprimand to all officers thus offending. Their neglect 
 to search for and apprehend the transplantable proprietors was 
 denounced as a great dishonour and breach of discipline of 
 the army; and their entertaining any of them as tenants was 
 declared a hindrance to the planting of Ireland with English 
 Protestants. “ I do therefore [the order continued] hereby 
 order and declare, that if any officer or soldier under my 
 command shall offend by neglect of his duty in searching for 
 and apprehending all such persons as by the declaration of 
 30th November, 1654, are to transplant themselves into Con¬ 
 naught ; or by entertaining them as tenants on his lands, or 
 as servants under him, he shall be punished by the articles of 
 war as negligent of his duty, according to the demerit of such 
 his neglect.”® 
 
 A 
 
 I July 4th, 1655, Thurloe’s “ State Papers, vol. iv., p. 612. ^ p. 173. 
 
 ® “Book of Printed Declarations of the Commissioners for the Affairs 
 of Ireland” (formerly belonging to General Fleetwood). British Museum, 
 806 h. 14 
 
 24 
 
OF IRKLAND. 
 
 269 
 
 OF THE FIVE COUNTIES. 
 
 But, to turn to that district included within the Boyne and 
 the Barrow, on the east coast of Ireland, which was to be a 
 pure English plantation, to counterbalance the Irish one on 
 the west, encircled by the Shannon and the sea, and to become 
 a new English Pale—here, if anywhere, would be established 
 that model of English life and manners, the great object of all 
 the inhuman laws enacted for so many ages by the govern¬ 
 ment. But first a word upon the extent of the district. It 
 was contracted to narrower limits. Upon consideration that 
 the land lying north of Dublin, between the Liffey and the 
 Boyne, was the ancient residence of the English—the best 
 tillage and grazing land in the kingdom, and part of that level 
 plain that extended itself from the walls of Dublin to the base of 
 the Fews mountains that overhang Dundalk, without any fast¬ 
 nesses for Irish to harbour in—it was not thought necessary to 
 keep that part within the scheme, and so much of the original 
 plan was abandoned. It was now confined to that part of the 
 county of Dublin lying south of the River LifFey, with the coun¬ 
 ties of Wicklow, Wexford, Kildare, and Carlow. Thenceforth 
 the territory was known as the Five Counties south of the 
 Liffey and within the Barrow, or (shortly) the Five Counties. 
 On 17th July, 1654, it was ordered that all this territory 
 should be wholly transplanted of Irish Papists by the ist of 
 May, 1655, on pain of being taken as spies, and proceeded 
 with before a court martial. The English proprietors, many 
 of them officers who had received lands in the counties of 
 Wicklow and Wexford for their arrears, fearing to be deprived 
 of their tenants and servants, and left without means to till 
 their lands or save their crops, presented petitions to the go¬ 
 vernment against the measure, as the time for carrying out 
 the order approached. Mr. Annesly, who brought up the pe- 
 
2‘jO 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 titions, was directed to be present at a meeting of the Council 
 on 19th February, 1655, to offer what he conceived to be ma¬ 
 terial in their support.* He urged that the English and Pro¬ 
 testant proprietors and planters in the Five Counties were 
 necessitated to employ Irish in their tillage and husbandry, to 
 make some profit of their lands, which had long lain waste by 
 the rebellion. After several debates he obtained an order of 
 reference to Sir Hardress Waller, Colonel Axtell, Colonel 
 Lawrence, and others, to consider what parts should be totally 
 cleared of Irish; in what parts should be allowed such Irish 
 tenants as, being neither proprietors nor swordmen, might be 
 dispensed from transplantation ; and how the rest might be 
 laid waste ; and how the towns and villages where such Irish 
 should be suffered to inhabit might be disposed of with most 
 security and least offence to the neighbouring English.® The 
 order, however, was not withdrawn; for on the 21st May, 
 1655, the clearing was suspended until ist August following, 
 in order that the proprietors might have time to provide them¬ 
 selves with English and Protestant tenants, and in the mean¬ 
 time might have tenants and servants to reap their harvest. 
 But English tenants and servants were not to be had, and the 
 officers and the other planters were loth to lose their Irish ones: 
 they connived at their stay beyond the ist of August, and 
 finally got liberty to keep a selection of them approved by 
 Commissioners specially appointed by the State, on some very 
 stringent conditions. The proprietor was to engage that such 
 tenants and servants as he should be permitted to retain should 
 become Protestants (and Protestants of whose real conversion 
 the government could be satisfied) in six months ; and as 
 evidence of their candid and genuine compliance with being 
 instructed in the true Protestant religion, they were to come 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 271 
 
 to the meeting-house to hear the Word every Lord’s Day, if 
 within four miles ; upon every other Lord’s Day, if within six 
 miles; if further, once a month. Their children were to learn 
 the catechism in the English tongue, without book, which 
 the minister should teach.’ But the government seem to have 
 forgotten the naming of the children with English names, in¬ 
 stead of Dermot and Teig; and the chimneys, and the English 
 deportment in houses, lodging, and manners, wherein the 
 English exceeded them.'’ But probably there was about as 
 much use in the one as the other. The landlords wanted 
 their labour, and not English piety or Anglo-Saxon elegance. 
 For though the letter of one of the officers remains, requesting 
 the prayers of their friends, that now they had come to possess 
 houses they had not built, and vineyards they had not planted, 
 they might not forget the Lord and his goodness to them in 
 the day of their distress,^ one that knew them well a few years 
 later said, he had hunted with them, diced with them, drunk 
 with them, and fought with them, but had never prayed with 
 them and another, that an Irish Protestant was a man who 
 ate meat of a Friday, and hated a Papist.® 
 
 ' “ Book of Printed Declarations by the Commissioners for the Affairs of 
 Ireland.” British Museum, -^ 
 
 24 
 
 * P. 248, supra. 
 
 3 “Letter of Colonel William Allen, Adjutant-General of the Army, and 
 Commissioner of Cromwell’s Court of Claims in Ireland,” dated April 6th, 1654. 
 Thurloe’s “State Papers,” vol ii., p. 214. 
 
 ‘ “ Civil Wars of Ireland.” By W. Cooke Taylor, LL. D., vol. ii., p. 64, 
 n. 3. Two vols. i2mo. London: 1830. 
 
 8 A Bandon Protestant, known to be such, “ ’cause I ates meat of a Friday, 
 and hates a Papist.” “ History of Bandon,” by George Bennett, B. A., p. 352. 
 i2mo. Cork; 1862. 
 
272 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 THE TOWNS CLEARED OF OLD ENGLISH, FOR FRESHER 
 ENGLISH TO INHABIT. 
 
 The Parliament, by the Act of 26th September, 1653, for 
 satisfying the Adventurers, the army, and the public creditors, 
 reserved all the forfeited property in cities and boroughs for 
 the State. In the early part of the war, in hopes to induce 
 merchants and traders, English and foreign (provided they 
 were Protestants), to whom houses in seaport towns were 
 more useful than lands, to advance funds, the Parliament of 
 England offered the principal seaport towns in Ireland for 
 sale; Limerick, with 12,000 acres contiguous, for £30,000, 
 and a rent of £625 payable to the State; Waterford, with 
 1500 acres contiguous, at the same rate ; Galway, with 10,000 
 acres, for £7500, and a rent of £520; Wexford, with 6000 
 acres, for £5000, and a rent of £156 4s. 4cZ.^ But this offer, 
 though tempting, found no bidders : all these towns were still 
 in the possession of the Irish, and merchants of all others are 
 least inclined to buy the bear’s skin before the bear be dead. 
 The cities and towns, accordingly, fell into the hands of the 
 Parliament of England, with all their inhabitants, the popula¬ 
 tion being almost entirely of English descent.'^ 
 
 Dublin, Drogheda, Waterford, Cork, and Limerick, were 
 built by the Danes.® The Irish ever loved the freedom of 
 the fields and hills. And it has been the complaint (of those 
 who wished to take their lands or to tax their labour), that 
 they never gave themselves up to commerce or trade. Butin 
 early times trade is usually driven by foreign exiles or do- 
 
 1 Ordinance of 14th July, 1643. Scobell’s “Acts and Ordinances,” p. 74. 
 
 2 Take Waterford :—“ This sea-town hatb no natural! Irisk in it, nor would 
 admit any in during these troubles.” “News from Dublin,” gtb June, 1647, 
 “ Perfect Diumall of Passages in Parliament,” p. 1629. 
 
 3 Giraldus Cambrensis, “ Topograpbia,” cap. xliii. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 2 ^ 
 
 JTiestic slaves. Strong nations, with all the arrogance of the 
 powerful, take from those they are pleased to call inferior 
 races (being such only as they expect no retribution from) 
 their country, under the splendid pretext of civilizing them. 
 And to deprive them of friends, and aid, and sympathy, they 
 represent them as irreligious, unruly, and unreasoning. In 
 later periods the rich repair to the^country, and drive out the 
 rural inhabitants into the crowded suburbs of cities and 
 towirs, under the plea of improving it. The Irish w'ould 
 neither give up the country nor become slaves. Indeed, the 
 foreigners who built or inhabited the towns 'would not allow 
 them to come into them, had they been so inclined. In every 
 Charter of Incorporation of towns the Irish were forbidden to 
 hold office, or occupy a house. Consequently the inhabitants 
 in 1641 were all of English blood. But now to be of the new 
 English religion was held equivalent to being an Englishman ; 
 to belong to the old, still in general use in Ireland, and in¬ 
 troduced originally by the English, was to be Irish. And, 
 under this distinction, the Parliament of England determined 
 to clear all the towns of Ireland within their pow'er of their 
 former inhabitants, though English by blood, and repeople 
 them afresh with English of the birth of England. The towns 
 were at this time ruinous by the death or desertion of the 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Upon the outbreak in Ulster the old English gentry of 
 the Pale fled to Dublin ; but they were ordered back to their 
 country seats, and thus forced to join the Irish, and were not 
 again admitted, as the kingdom now became two camps. The 
 burgess class, however, were left for a time in some of the 
 towns, and remained faithful to their blood and national tradi¬ 
 tions, and hated and despised the Irish with true English heart. 
 They thus were continued in Cork, Youghal, and Kinsale, 
 until turned out by Inchiquin in 1644 (among their enemies, 
 
 T 
 
^4 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 as they called the Irish),* and in Dublin and Drogheda, until 
 1647, ''^hen Ormond gave up Dublin and the sword, when 
 they were immediately expelled. This caused all these cities and 
 towns to become ruinous. But Dublin had already become 
 partially ruinous in 1645 > Ormond had to issue a procla¬ 
 mation (7 Feb. 1644-5), ordering the soldiers on pain of death 
 to cease from pulling down the deserted houses to make fires 
 of with the timber, in their guards and quarters.^ To these 
 ruins must be added those commanded by Ormond himself in 
 1646, when, having taken the field to oppose the advance of 
 Owen O’Neil’s forces on Dublin, he wrote back to the council, 
 (October ptb, 1646), in anticipation of being forced to retreat 
 thither (as soon after occurred), that the walls should be 
 cleared of all incumbrances, and a way be made beside them, 
 both without and within, that at least a troop of horse, twenty 
 in front, might coramodiously travel and serve.® Every one 
 was ordered to join in the work ; and the Marchioness of 
 Ormond herself carried baskets of earth for repairing the for¬ 
 tifications,^ and the women all, 
 
 “ From ladies down to oyster wenches. 
 
 Laboured like pioneers in trenches.” 
 
 When Ormond, in the following year, gave up the city to 
 the Parliament, so rigorous was the expulsion of the Irish in¬ 
 habitants, that Colonel Michael Jones, the Governor, made 
 no exception but of Sir Thomas Sherlock, and he was only to 
 stay till he could ship himself for England. This signal 
 favour he owed to his having hunted and hanged 100 Irish 
 marauders in December, 1641, in company with Sir W. St. 
 Leger, and defended his Castle of Butlerstown, adjacent to the 
 
 I Stiprd, pp. 174, 175. 
 
 ’ Broadside, in the Haliday Library, Eoyal Irish Academy. 
 
 3 ” Carte Papers,” vol. xix., 64. 
 
 ^ Carte’s “Life of Ormond,” vol. i., p. 585. Folio edition. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 27? 
 
 city of Waterford, against Lord Mountgarret’s Irish forces, 
 until they took it, and stripped him of all, and turned him out 
 of doors in his slippers without stockings, leaving him only a 
 red cap and green mantle, so that himself, lady, and children, 
 had not so much as their wearing clothes left, nor any relief, 
 but depended solely on their friends. His losses amounted to 
 £4000. Six weeks after he escaped by night to Dublin in a 
 bare suit and mantle, and there was received by the English as 
 one that had been their constant friend. Even Cromwell (with 
 whom he returned to Ireland), pitied him, but could not help 
 him ; for he had signed the roll of Association, though only by 
 force of imprisonment, and in order to escape. He would 
 have given him back his estate, but could not :—it had 
 passed to the Soldiers.' Nor could the King, who said he held 
 himself bound in honour and justice to see him restored nor 
 did the Act of Settlement, which provided for his restitution.^ 
 Worn out by poverty and despair, he soon died broken¬ 
 hearted, and his son (9 December, 1663), had allowance from 
 the Council of the small sum he borrowed to bury him.‘ If 
 the cities and towns were made thus ruinous within, their de¬ 
 solation without was as signal. By the order of 29 April, 1651, 
 all the habitations of the Irish within a circle of two miles 
 
 ' “ Report of Cooke, Santhy, and Halsey, Athlone Commissioners, to the 
 Council of Ireland,” dated 26th April, 1656; and “The Council of Ireland 
 to the Lord Protector,” 22nd July, 1656, Thurloe’s “State Papers,” vol. v., 
 p. 238. 
 
 2 “King’s Letter to Lords Justices of Ireland,” October loth, 1660. “ Carte 
 Papers,” vol. xli., 54. 
 
 ’ He was one of the thirty-six Nominees in “ the King’s Declaration for 
 the Settlement of Ireland,” of 30th November, 1660, embodied in the Act of 
 Settlement, 14 & 15 Charles II. (A. D. 1662), chap. 2. 
 
 * Treasurer of Ireland’s account, Yol. i., p. 343. “ To Paul Sherlock, sonii 
 
 and heire of Sir Thomas Sherlock, deceased, for defraying the charges of burying 
 the said Sir Thomas, as by Concordatum, dated 9 December, 1663, £50.” 
 
276 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 round any garrison were thrown down, and no Irish suf¬ 
 fered to inhabit within these precincts. And the wives and 
 children of any Irish without were to quit in fifteen days at 
 latest, and join their husbands; and any outstaying this time, 
 or repairing thither were to be treated as spies and enemies, 
 and to suffer death.’ And to harbour a friend was death. 
 
 Thus, at a Court Martial held 23rd September, 1652, at 
 Dublin Castle, under the presidency of Colonel Arnop, Dudley 
 Loftus, Advocate-General, being informant, and Murtagh 
 Cullen and wife, defendants, it was put to the vote whether it 
 appeared upon the evidence that one Donogh O’Derg had 
 been harboured by the said Cullen and his wife ? It was re¬ 
 solved in the Affirmative, and Decreed that they should suffer 
 death ; but both parties after sentence pronounced were per¬ 
 mitted to cast lots, when the Lot of Life fell to the said Mur¬ 
 tagh, and the Lot of Death to his wife, who, being with child, 
 was reprieved until the time of her deliveryDuring the 
 war many Irish were continued under protection in the 
 towns—not to increase the enemy; but, the war once over, 
 the Parliament resolved to clear them thoroughly, and re¬ 
 people them from England. 
 
 At the same time that proprietors and swordmen were to 
 transplant to Connaught, the Burgher Irish were ordered to 
 quit the towns, and (unless transplantable to Connaught) to 
 
 ‘ “ A Declaration for the removing of the Wives, Children, and Families of 
 such persons as are in rebellion, or live in the Enemies Quarters, out of the gar¬ 
 risons of the Parliament, and demolishing all Cabins and Huts in or near the said 
 garrisons. By the Commissioners of the Parliament for the Affairs of Ireland. 
 
 “ Dated at Kilkenny, 28th April, 1651. 
 
 Signed, “ Edmund Ludlow. John Jones. 
 
 “Miles Corbet. John Weaver.” 
 
 “ Several Proceedings in Parliament, &c.,’’ p. 1456. 
 
 2 Dudley Loftus, MSS., St. Patrick’s Cathedral Library (Marsh’s), Dublin, 
 V. 3 . 2, 19- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 277 
 
 seek new dwellings, at least two miles distant from the 
 walls. 
 
 In 1654, by order ofthe Committee of Transplantation, no 
 Irish or Papists were to be allowed in the city of Kilkenny 
 after the ist ofMay, except necessary labourers and artificers, 
 not exceeding forty, and these to be persons not within the 
 rule of transplantation.' 
 
 On the 8th of July in the same year the Governor of 
 Clonmel was authorized to grant dispensations to forty-three 
 persons, in a list annexed, or as many of them as he should 
 think fit, being artificers and workmen, to stay for such time 
 as he might judge convenient, the whole time not to exceed 
 the 25th March, 1655.“ On 5th June, 1654, the Governor 
 of Dublin was authorized to grant licenses to such inhabitants 
 to continue in the city (notwithstanding the declaration for 
 all Irish to quit) as he should judge convenient, the licenses 
 to contain the name^ge, colour of hair, countenance, and 
 stature of every such person ; and the license not to exceed 
 twenty days, and the cause of their stay to be inserted in each 
 license.^ Petitions went up from the old native inhabitants of 
 Limerick,'* from the fishermen of Limerick f from the Mayor 
 and inhabitants of Cashel,® who were all ordered either to 
 withdraw to a distance of at least two miles (if not transplant¬ 
 able), or to transplant; but, notwithstanding these orders, 
 many of them still clung about the towns, sheltered by the 
 English, who found the benefit of their services. 
 
 Whilst the gentry were hurried off from their mansions and 
 demesnes, which the officers and soldiers were in haste to enjoy 
 and were obliged to transplant to such pittance of land as 
 shoidd be assigned to them in Connaught, the population of 
 
 A 
 
 .57. 
 
 ' II'., p. 244- 
 
 - Ib., p. 479 - 
 5 Ib., p. 363. 
 
 3 Ib., p. 430. 
 6 Ib., p. 247. 
 
278 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the towns who lived by trade or labour, such as apotheca¬ 
 ries, basketmakers, butchers, bakers, carpenters, chandlers, 
 coopers, harnessmakers, masons, shoemakers, and tailors, 
 continued to reside upon their holdings and make themselves 
 useful to their new masters. What little trade or commerce 
 was driven in these poor ruinous towns, the seats of former 
 activity and plenty, was done by them as factors or agents for 
 English officers, as having more skill and experience in 
 foreign traffic, the towns being for the most part occupied by 
 strangers, who had come thither, induced by getting houses 
 for nothing.' Thus, on the 15th of May, 1655, the Protestant 
 inhabitants of Kilkenny petitioned against this practice; and 
 it was ordered by the Commissioners of the Parliament “ for 
 the better encouragement of an English plantation in the 
 City and Liberties,” that all the houses and lands lately be¬ 
 longing to the Irish, and now in the possession of the State, 
 should be thenceforth demised to Protestants and none others, 
 and that no English merchants or traders should drive any 
 trade or merchandize in the City or Liberties by Irish agents 
 or servants ; and that all Irish should quit Kilkenny within 
 twenty days, except such artificers as four Justices of Peace 
 should, for the convenience of that Corporation, license to 
 stay for any period not exceeding one year.^ 
 
 Applications were frequently made in favour of some who 
 were found particularly useful. Thus, on the 20th March, 
 1654, on the certificate of Colonel W. Leigh and other officers 
 within the precinct of Waterford, Dr. Richard Madden was 
 dispensed with from transplantation into Connaught; but as to 
 
 1 “ The Roman Catholioa of Ireland, their Answers relating to the Proposals 
 offered in order to the Settlement of Ireland by the Commissioners from the 
 Convention in Ireland in 1660.” “ Carte Papers,” vol. xlviii., 6th Paper. 
 
 o A 
 
 ^ P- 367- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 279 
 
 his desire of residing in Waterford, it was referred to Colonel 
 Lawrence, the governor there, to consider if he conceived it 
 fit his request should be granted.' On the 12th September, 
 1656, application was made to the Commissioners for the 
 Affairs of Ireland on behalf of Dr. Anthony Mulshinogue, 
 whose good affection to the English by his faithful advice and 
 assistance in his profession was proved on the trial of the 
 qualifications of the ancient natives of Cork, by the certificate 
 of Sir W. Fenton and Major-General Jephson, and several 
 other persons of quality in the county of Cork, who prayed 
 for his dispensation from transplantation, desiring that his re¬ 
 sidence among them might be permitted, being destitute of 
 physicians of his ability. Dr. Mulshinogue was spared from 
 transplantation, and was permitted to follow his practice in 
 those parts, but not to dwell in any garrison there.^ 
 
 Yet the officers, when they first arrived, vented their ca¬ 
 lumnies (according to the national custom) against the Irish 
 physicians—writing to their friends in England in 1651, that 
 for want of a sufficient number of English doctors for the 
 army, they were obliged to put themselves in the hands of 
 Irish, “ which was more [so they maliciously said] than the 
 adventures in the field.”^ Testimony, however, to the ability 
 and integrity of this profession came, as if to confute these 
 calumnies. In Limerick, Doctor Thomas Arthur was, at this 
 very time, attending Colonel Henry Ingoldsby, Cromwell’s 
 kinsman (high in command there), and most of the officers of 
 the Parliament army.' After studying at Bordeaux, Rheims, 
 and Paris, he returned to his native town. On 6 November, 
 1619, he visited Dublin in the train of the Earl of Thomond, 
 
 ’ “ Whitelock’s Memorials,” January, 1650-1, p. 436. 
 
 < “ Limerick, its History and Antiquities,” p. 183, n. By Maurice Leniban, 
 Esq. Svo. Hodges and Smith. Dublin: 1866. 
 
28 o 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 and acquired such reputation that after his return home he 
 was frequently sent for to come up to Dublin, and there at¬ 
 tended Sir George Sexton, Viscount Dunluce (father of the 
 Marquis of Antrim), Chief Justice Sarsfield, and others of the 
 highest rank. He went to Carrickfergus at the call of Sir 
 Arthur Chichester, Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, to visit his 
 wife, dying of dropsy.* He was of old English blood—his 
 ancestors had come in at the Conquest J and he was loyal 
 to those that the Irish deemed their oppressors and tyrants. 
 For this reason, in 1642, he was plundered, and fled into 
 Limerick, as Dublin was too far off to be reached without 
 danger to his life from the Irish. But he got license from 
 the Marquis of Ormond and Sir John Parsons to dwell in 
 Limerick, though then rebels’ quarters. He was driven thence 
 by affronts, and forced to shelter himself elsewhere. He was 
 excommunicated by the Irish national clergy in 1650, and 
 put in prison for counselling the men of Limerick to be loyal.^ 
 On 21 July, 1656, in consideration of his great sufferings 
 and his good services to the English, and having parted with 
 divers good houses and castles in the counties of Limerick, 
 Tipperary, and Dublin, the Lord Deputy and Council recom¬ 
 mended him to the Loughrea Commissioners for an assign¬ 
 ment of land with a house on the Belt or Mile Line round Con¬ 
 naught, for his present subsistence and comfort of living.^ 
 When Dublin was cleared, Colonel Hewson was Governor of 
 that city—one of the most religious men in the army (as ap- 
 
 1 “ Fee-Book of a Physician of the 17 th century.” By Maurice Lenihan, 
 Esq., Author of the “ History of Limerick.”—'■ Kilkenny Archmological Jour¬ 
 nal,” vol. V., New Series (January, 1867). p. 10. 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 3 “ Petition of Thomas Arthur, Doctor in Physic, to the King. 24 Septem¬ 
 ber, 1664.” “ Collections relating to the Acts of Settlement,” vol. D., p. 212. 
 
 Kecord Tower, Dublin Castle. A 
 
 ^ . n I ^ n 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 781 
 
 pears by the amount of Bible quotations in his letters), and 
 therefore fullest of hatred against the Irish. The last Papist 
 that dared to meet his eye in Dublin was a chirurgeon, a 
 peaceable man.* Similar calumnies followed the poor Irish 
 midwives; imputations against their want of skill are mixed 
 with suggestions of danger to Englishwomen in labour, and 
 children in the birth, “ from the evil disposition and disaffec¬ 
 tion, as might be presumed,” of the Irish midwives. And 
 Dr. Petty and others were ordered to consider of the evil, and 
 propose a remedy.'^ And when an English midwife arrived 
 in Dublin, all officers, civil and military, were ordered for her 
 encouragement to be aiding and assisting her in the perform¬ 
 ance of her duty.^ 
 
 < “ 19 June, 1651. 
 
 “ Mr. Winter, a godly man, came with the Commissioners, and they flock 
 to hear him with great desire ; besides, there is in Dublin, since January last, 
 about 750 Papists forsaken their priests and the masse, and attends the public 
 ordinances, I having appointed Mr. Chambers, a minister, to instruct them at 
 his own house once a week. They all repaire to him with much afiection and 
 desireth satisfaction. And though Dublin hath formerly swarmed with Papists, 
 I know none (now) there, but one who is a chirurgeon, and a peaceable man. 
 It is much hoped the glad tidings of salvation wiU be acceptable in Ireland, 
 and that this savage people may see the salvation of God ; which that the Lord 
 may accomplish shall be the desii-e of 
 
 ‘‘ Tour loving friend, 
 
 “ John Hewson.” 
 
 “ Severall Proceedings in Parliament, from 16th of June to 3rd day of July, 
 1631,” p. 1412. 
 
 . A 
 
 - P- 3 ' 7 - 
 
 ^ “ By the Commissioners of Pcniiamcnt for the Affairs of Ireland. 
 
 “ Whereas we are informed by divers persons of repute and godliness, that 
 Mrs. Jane Preswick hath through the blessing of God been very successful 
 witbin Dublin and parts about, through the carefull and skillfull discharge of 
 her midwife’s duty, and instrumental to helpe sundry poore women who needed 
 her helpe, which bathe abounded to the comfourte and preservation of many 
 English women, who (being come into a strange countiy) had otherwise been 
 destitute of due helpe, and necessitated to expose their lives to the mercy of 
 Irish midwives, ignorant in the profession, and bearing little good will to any 
 
282 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 These orders for clearing the towns had to be frequently 
 renewed, as the inhabitants were wont to creep back again 
 when the storm had blown over. In the year 1656 there was 
 a printed declaration published, renewing the order that all 
 Irish and Papists withdraw to a distance of two miles from all 
 walled towns or garrisons before 26th of the May in that year, 
 which seems to have been executed with more rigour than 
 usual; for on the 2nd of August the Mayor of Dublin was 
 directed to report the progress made, because many trans¬ 
 plantable persons, owners of houses in the city, still lingering 
 in Dublin, were found on the i 8th July to have refused to 
 give up their houses to the new English lessees of the State. 
 On 24th October the Mayor was directed to take effectual 
 means to remove all that might be then dwelling in the city, 
 and all places within the line, within forty-eight hours after 
 publication of the order.^ And on 19th November a list of the 
 names of all not removing was returned to the Council, with 
 the view of ordering them for trial by court martial. 
 
 The government, however, though baffled, still kept the 
 great work in view. On 31st December, 1656, finding that 
 
 of the English nation. And taking notice through divers examinations and de¬ 
 positions extant, that this Mrs. Preswick hath of late received divers publique 
 affronts, and that violence hath been used by some evil disposed persons, to her 
 great horror and discouragement, whereby she hath lost opportunities of giving 
 desired helpe to women in labour of child birth, and through those affrights is 
 become timorous, and consequently less able to exercise the midwife’s function, 
 much to the dissatisfaction of divers; these are therefor to declare that in case any 
 person shall offer any affront or violence for the future to the said Mrs. Preswick, 
 alias Beere, in her daily going up and dovm to perform her puhlicque trust and 
 office of midwife as aforesaid, such persons are to expect a severe proceeding 
 with according to law. And all justices of the peace, officers civil and military, 
 and others concerned, are to take notice, and be ayding and assisting to her in 
 the performance of her duty as aforesaid. Dublin, May, 1655. 
 
 “ Thomas Hebbeet, Clerk of the Council.” 
 
 A 
 
 ' j , p. 264. 
 
 —, p. 166, 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 283 
 
 divers Irish transplantable into Connaught had not only ne¬ 
 glected to remove, but had continued to reside, or had intruded 
 themselves into sundry cities, walled towns, and garrisons 
 throughout this nation, they issued several special orders, di¬ 
 rected to the governors of the several cities, towns, and garri¬ 
 sons in the three provinces, to send up lists of the names of 
 all such persons, in order probably to the arrest and trial of 
 some of them at the assizes, where numbers were often found 
 guilty of not transplanting, and transported to the Barbadoes. 
 
 The consequence of clearing the towns of their inhabitants 
 was to leave them ruinous: the few Entrlish were not enough 
 to occupy them, and the deserted houses fell down, or were 
 pulled down to use the timber for firing. Lord Inchiquin, Pre¬ 
 sident of Munster, was charged in 1647 ''^ith having given 
 houses in the city of Cork, and farms in the suburbs, to his own 
 menial servants, as barbers, grooms, and others. His answer 
 was, that upon the expelling of the Irish out of Cork, it was to 
 the benefit of the State that he should place any persons in the 
 houses on the sole condition of upholding them, which other¬ 
 wise, being waste and uninhabited, would have fallen to the 
 ground; and though by this means many of the houses were 
 preserved, yet for want of inhabitants about three thousand 
 good houses in Cork, and as many in Youghal, had been de¬ 
 stroyed by the soldiers, finding them empty, and for want of 
 firing in their guards.' 
 
 For such a scene of desolation as the cities and towns of 
 Ireland presented at this period, recourse must be had to the 
 records of antiquity; and there, in the ruined state of the towns 
 
 ' Pp. 5,6, “ Articles humbly presented to the House of Commons against 
 Murrough O’Brien, Lord Baron of Inchiquin, and I.ord President of JIunster, 
 subscribed by Lord Broghill and Sir Arthur Loftus : with a clear Answer thereto 
 made. By Richard Gething, Secretary to the Lord President.” Small qto. 
 London : 1647. 
 
284 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 of Sicily, when rescued by Timoleon from the tyranny of the 
 Carthaginians, there is to be found a parallel. Syracuse, when 
 taken, was found comparatively destitute of inhabitants. So 
 little frequented was the market place, that it produced grass 
 enough for the horses to pasture on, and for the grooms to lie 
 in by them as they grazed. The other cities were deserts, full 
 of deer and wild boars ; and such as had this use for it hunted 
 them in the suburbs round the walls.' And such was the case 
 in Ireland. On the 20th December, 1652, a public hunt by 
 the assembled inhabitants of the barony of Castleknock was 
 ordered by the State of the numerous wolves lying in the wood 
 of the ward, only six miles north of Dublin.'' 
 
 But this desolation was, as usual, only preparatory to the 
 improvement of Ireland. On the 4th of March, 1657, the 
 Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland pressed upon the go¬ 
 vernment in England the improved condition of affairs, and 
 that the towns were now ready for the English, and urging 
 them to make it public in that country that they had been 
 cleared of Irish, as appears by the following letter :— 
 
 “ To Secretary Thurloe. 
 
 “ Dublin Castle, a^tli March, 1656-7. 
 
 “ Right Honourable,— The Council, having lately taken 
 into their most serious consideration what may be most for the 
 security of this country, and the encouragement of the English 
 to come over and plant here, did think fitt that all Popish re¬ 
 cusants, as well proprietors as others, whose habitations is in 
 any port-towns, walled-towns, or garrisons, and who did not 
 before the 15 th September, 1643 (being the time mentioned in 
 the Act of 1653 for the encouragement of adventurers and sol¬ 
 diers), and ever since profess the Protestant religion, should 
 
 , A 
 
 P. 492. 
 
 I ITutarch, “ Life of Timoleon.” 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 285 
 
 remove themselves and their families out of all such places, 
 and two miles at the least distant therefrom, before 20th May 
 next; and being desirous that the English people may take 
 notice, that by this means there will be both security and con- 
 veniency of habitation for such as shall be willing to come 
 over as planters, they have commanded me to send you the 
 enclosed declaration, and to desire you that you will take 
 some course, whereby it may be made known unto the peo¬ 
 ple for their encouragement to come over and plant in this 
 country. 
 
 “ Your humble servant, 
 
 “Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council. 
 
 THE CLEARING OF THE CITY OF KILKENNY. 
 
 But, since particular instances are sometimes found to 
 strike the mind more forcibly than general calamities, though 
 the general calamity is simply the misery of individuals mul¬ 
 tiplied, it may be worth while to concentrate attention on 
 three towns, such as Kilkenny, Waterford, and Galway, in 
 order better to comprehend the scenes that were enacted in 
 every town in Ireland, between 1650 and 1660. 
 
 The towns of Ireland were English fortresses, and always, 
 until 1641, considered the mainstay of the English interest in 
 Ireland. In many of them there is, to this day, a suburb 
 known as the Irish town. It lies just outside the principal 
 gate. In modern days it is only known as a quarter inhabited 
 by the poorest of the citizens. But the name serves to recall 
 a period when two towns, occupied by different races, stood 
 beside one another; the one, a kind of fortress or military 
 town, wherein dwelt the invaders, with their wives, families, 
 and servants ; the other, an assemblage of cabins or booths at 
 the gate of the fortress, occupied by the native inhabitants, 
 
 A , 
 — , p. 246. 
 30 
 
286 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 who supplied them with such wares as eggs, milk, butter, and 
 fish, or were employed by them as masons, carpenters, cur¬ 
 riers, carters, and day labourei’s. One has only to turn to 
 India to behold at the present day a state not very dissimilar, 
 where, at the gate of the English cantonments, occupied by 
 the English officers, and their families, and the troops under 
 their command, is the native town, or sometimes the bazaar, 
 at which the garrison deal for their provisions. Such, in a 
 great measure, was Kilkenny. Round the Norman Castle of 
 the Butlers, seated on a cliff above the Nore, was the English 
 town, enclosed with embattled walls, salient towers, and bas¬ 
 tions. Outside the gate lay the Irish town. 
 
 It was founded by William, Earl Marshal, representative 
 of Earl Richard, Strongbow. It was an ancient colony 
 from England (to use the language of King James’ Charter of 
 16th October, 1608, making it a city),* which retained the 
 English laws, language, and customs, while the neighbourhood 
 had lapsed into Irish barbarism, and had ever manfully re¬ 
 pelled and prosecuted the King’s enemies. The citizens were 
 proud of their old English blood; and the fair hair and clear 
 complexion of the women of Kilkenny (due perhaps in some 
 degree to their fires of smokeless coal), their sweet oval faces, 
 and their tall and graceful figures, plainly tell of their descent. 
 
 The burghers were all English. They collected the names 
 of the chief of them in this distich, ^ 
 
 “ Archdekin, Archer, Cowley, Langton, Lee, 
 
 Knareshorough, Lawless, Raggett, Rothe, and Shee.”® 
 
 As the favourite residence of the Earls of Ormond, it be¬ 
 came a kind of second capital of Leinster. Here met the 
 first convention or Parliament of English of the birth of Ire- 
 
 ' Memorial of the family of Langton, by John G. A. Prim, “Kilkenny 
 Archmological Journal,” vol. iv.. New Series, (April, 1864), p. 72. 
 
 * Ibid. 
 
OF IRKLAND. 
 
 287 
 
 land, In the reign of Edward III., to resist the resumption 
 of grants (in other words, the seizure of their lands) by a 
 Parliament at Dublin, packed with English Adventurers, to 
 carry out this favourite scheme. ‘‘ How be it (says Sir John 
 Davis), there followed upon this resumption such a division 
 and faction, between the English of birth and the English of 
 blood and race, as they summoned and held several Parlia¬ 
 ments, apart one from the other.”' In nearly similar circum¬ 
 stances it became the capital of the Confederate Catholics in 
 1642. Here sat their Supreme Council and General Assembly, 
 the Parliament of the Irish, while the Parliament of the 
 English sat in Dublin. 
 
 On the 27th of March, 1650, Kilkenny surrendered to 
 Cromwell. For three years longer the relics of the inha¬ 
 bitants were continued in dismal protection, waiting for 
 events. 
 
 They beheld the High Court of Justice assemble (in the 
 place where the Confederate Assembly sat for eight years), with 
 such ceremonies as were used in England, the President being 
 attended by twenty-four halberdiers,^ and by the Serjeant-at- 
 Arms, with the great mace sent down under military guard 
 from the Council Chamber at Dublin Castle,® and other 
 officers of the court with their staves tipped with silver. It 
 was a great Court Martial of the conquering English to try 
 the vanquished Irish, consisting as it did of near an hundred 
 
 ' “ A Discoverie of the true Causes why Ireland was never entirely sub¬ 
 dued, &c.,” by Sir John Davis, p. 660. “ Irish Tracts,” by Alexander Thom. 
 
 8 VO. Dublin; i860. 
 
 2 “From Kilkenny in Ireland, October 14, 1652.” “ Mcrcur. Politicus,” 
 
 p. 1969. 
 
 3 “ The mace to be taken from the Castle of Dublin to Kilkenny for the High 
 Court of Justice, 28th September, 1652.” Governors along the road to furnish 
 
 guards of horse to convey Serjeant Mortimer in coming to Kilkenny. —, p. 340. 
 
 02 
 
288 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 officers of Cromwell’s army, with a few lawyers intermixed, 
 the decree of twelve being enough to sentence to deathd 
 They saw the gallant Colonel Walter Bagnal, Ormond’s cou¬ 
 sin, led out from this slaughter house to be “ bulleted alive 
 they saw Mrs. Fitzpatrick, the mother of Colonel J ohn Fitz¬ 
 patrick, Ormond’s future brother-in-law, hanged, both as mur¬ 
 derers—a crime of which they were far less capable than their 
 judges—and a whole crowd, many of them equally guiltless.* 
 The citizens still hoped, probably, that when satiated with 
 blood, there would rise for them a day of peace. Two years 
 more elapsed, and they were commanded to quit the town and 
 give place to a fresh colony from what has been called their 
 own “ Cannibal” nation.* Proprietors and swordrnen were to 
 transplant to Connaught; the rest to seek shelter where they 
 might, but never to come within two miles of their former 
 happy home. 
 
 Lady Fanshaw has described the terrors, and tears, and 
 cries of men, women and children, the inhabitants of Youghal, 
 driven from their ancient habitations in October, 1649.^ 
 There remains no record by any of the banished citizens of 
 Kilkenny to paint their woes; or to tell 
 
 “ "What sorrows gloomed that parting day 
 That tore them from their native walks away.” 
 
 But amongst them was one widow with her children, who 
 sought refuge with others in Ballinakill, a town in the Queen’s 
 County, about sixteen miles north of Kilkenny. She had 
 been the wife of Michael Langton, deceased, one of the chief 
 
 ' Commission, dated 8 th September, 1652. Library of Trinity College, 
 Dublin, MSS. F. 3, 18. 
 
 2 “ Mercur. PoUticus,” Dec. 27, 1652, p. 2151. 
 
 ^ “The English Interest Anatomized,” &c. A. D. 1666. MS. “ Carte 
 Papers,” vol. ccxxxii., p. 113. 
 
 < “ Memoirs of Lady Fanshaw, wife of the Right Honourable Sir Richard 
 Fanshaw, Bart., written by herself,” p. 77. 8vo. London: 1829. 
 
OF IKKLAND. 
 
 289 
 
 old burgher families, nearly as old as the founding of Kil¬ 
 kenny. Her eldest son, Nicholas, was apprenticed in 1649, 
 to a merchant in Koss, on the Kiver Barrow, then, and for 
 ages before, a port rivalling Waterford in shipping. But being 
 sent by his master as supercargo to France, the ship was taken 
 by two Sallee Pickaroons, and he was kept in slavery for 
 three years and four months on the coast of Barbary ; conse¬ 
 quently, he was not present at the putting forth of his mother, 
 his sisters and the family, from the town. But he rejoined her 
 on escaping from the Algerines, at Ballinakill, to find his 
 country under English slavery almost as bad as the Algerine. 
 There he dwelt with her in banishment for nine years ; 
 there he married, and had sons and daughters born to him in 
 exile. For there he copied “ the memorials of his grandfather’s 
 and father’s children in the year of our Lord God 1658,” being 
 the fifth year of our banishment by Cromwell,” as he himself 
 has recorded, adding that he again transcribed them in Kil¬ 
 kenny in the year of our Lord God 1679, being the sixteenth 
 year after his return into his ancestors’ house, and the nine¬ 
 teenth of the King’s Restoration.’ 
 
 It may be easily conceived with what joy the exiled and 
 transplanted Irish must have heard of the recall of the King 
 by the Convention that assembled in Dublin in February, 
 1660. They prepared to recross the Shannon, and quit their 
 other places of exile to get back to their ancient homes. But 
 the Convention, composed entirely of Cromwellian officers, got 
 the King, by the advice of the Parliament of England, to issue 
 a proclamation (i June, 1660), suggesting (most falsely) that 
 the Irish had broken out into new murthers and violence, 
 robbing and despoiling several of his Majesty’s Protestant 
 
 > Memorials of the Family of Langton, of Kilkenny, by John G. A. Prim, 
 “ Kilkenny Arcbjeological Journal" (New Series), vol. iv., p. 85. 
 
 U 
 
290 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 subjects there planted, and disquieting their possessions. The 
 King, therefore, by the advice of the Lords and Commons 
 assembled in Parliament at Westminster, declared that he held 
 it his duty to God and the whole Protestant interest, to order 
 that all Irish rebels remaining in England, or coming thither, 
 or into Ireland, should be seized and proceeded against as 
 traitors ; and that the Adventurers and Soldiers should not be 
 disturbed'—thus implying “ that the Irish were up in arms, 
 when, in truth, they were up in prison,” as was said. For 
 the Lords Justices and Convention had already confined them 
 under the severest penalties to their then abodes. The exiled 
 inhabitants of Kilkenny considered themselves peculiarly 
 happy in having a powerful patron at Court in Ormond. They 
 addressed their petition privately to the King. Their an¬ 
 cestors, they informed his Majesty, were an ancient English 
 colony, planted in Kilkenny by William Earl Marshal, Earl 
 Palatine of Leinster in the reign of King John; and that they 
 had always continued true subjects to the Crown of England, 
 and a terror to the King’s enemies, as appeared by their many 
 charters. Their city endured a seven days’ siege, and had suf¬ 
 fered the extremities of plague, fire, and sword, and four se¬ 
 veral storms at several parts of the city, which were repulsed. 
 But after a great breach made by cannon shot of above fifty 
 great bullets, all for standing for his Majesty’s interest, at last, 
 by direction of the Comm and er-in-Chief of his Majesty’s 
 Forces in those parts. Sir Walter Butler, Bart., Governor of 
 the city and castle under Lord Ormond, the then Lord Lieu¬ 
 tenant, they surrendered on 27th March, 1650, on terms 
 granted by the late Usurper, of the governor and soldiers 
 departing with bag and baggage, and security of the inhabit¬ 
 ants in their lives and estates. After that rendition the said 
 Usurper left with their then citizens and their mayor their 
 
 1 Printed Proclamation. Bodley’s Library. S. Jur. Folio. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 29 I 
 
 ensigns of authority, declaring that he came not to destroy, 
 but to cherish them. Yet Colonel Daniel Axtell, appointed 
 governor under the Usurper, out of his innate quarter¬ 
 breaking mind and quality, seized the city charters and en¬ 
 signs, and dispersed and banished, as well the mayor, aider- 
 men, and other officers, as the inhabitants, forcing them in an 
 unseasonable time of the year to remove from their habita¬ 
 tions, and to sell their goods at an undervalue. Since which 
 time they lived, and do live, in a distressed and sad condition. 
 They urged that it was against the honour of England (which 
 the Usurper protected in his actions) that his capitulation 
 should, be broken; and in conclusion, that it appeared in the 
 Old Testament that the breach of the quarter given by Josue 
 to the Gibeonites was, some hundred years after, severely pu¬ 
 nished in the posterity of King Saul, the breaker of that quar¬ 
 ter. And as he that was then mayor of the city was yet living 
 in Connaught in a distressed condition, they humbly con¬ 
 ceived that he was still the rightful mayor, and those then pre¬ 
 tending to be officers of that corporation were usurpers upon 
 the Petitioners’ rights.* They at the same time addressed 
 Ormond, “ while still in durance in their old prisons of misery, 
 poverty, and slavery,” and said they doubted not that God 
 had preserved him for the good of the three kingdoms, and 
 especially for their distressed nation, where he had drawn his 
 first breath. And, in conclusion, they told him they “ had 
 presumed, out of their coverts and lurking places,” to address 
 his Majesty, and had sent the address to some friends in Lon¬ 
 don ; but that it would die unless Ormond gave life to it by 
 his countenance and favour.* They little knew that with 
 
 ' “The Clearing of Kilkenny, Anno 1654.” By John P. Prendcrgast. 
 Kilkenny Archaeol. Journal. Vol. iii. (New Series), A. D. i86i, p. 342. 
 
 * Ibid., p. 340. Endorsed in Ormond’s hand, “ Irish Inhabitants of Kil¬ 
 kenny. Ilec'* 18"'June, 1661.’’ 
 
292 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Ormond, like every Englishman, the preservation of the Eng¬ 
 lish interest was the ultkna ratio regum,^ before which all ties of 
 family, country, humanity, go down. Their first rude awaken¬ 
 ing to this truth must have been to find the English just re¬ 
 turned from banishment worse than the Puritans ; for those 
 that were spared by Cromwell were driven out by the 
 Koyalists. “Worthy cousin,” wrote Richard Shee from Kil¬ 
 kenny, the first Christmas after the King’s Restoration, to 
 Patrick Bryan, “the lawyer,” in London, “there are thirty- 
 two artificers and shopmen whom the late Usurper thought fit 
 to dispense from transplantation, and are now commanded by 
 strict order in twenty hours warning (given them last Friday) 
 to depart with their families. The poor people, with sighs 
 and tears, desired me to implore you to obtain some counter¬ 
 mand from the Duke or His Highness, for which they will 
 always remain your debtor. Their distraction [he concluded] 
 hindered this request to be subscribed with their own 
 hands.”* 
 
 ' “ The English Interest Anatomized,” &c., wt mpra. 
 
 * Richard Shee “ to Patrick Bryan, at his Lodgings at Gray’s Inn.” Dated 
 December, 1660. “Carte Papers,” vol. ccxiv., p. 194. “Colonel [Richard] 
 Talhot tells me AD Bryan, the Lawyer, will shortly be here. I presume, by him 
 the Letter in form from the King concerning your pretensions wiU come.” 
 Ormond to Sec? Bennett, August 16, 1662. “ Carte Papers,” ibid. This is 
 
 probably the Mr. Bryan recommended by AxteU, the Commissioner of Parlia¬ 
 ment for the Affairs of Ireland, to the Benchers of Lincoln’s Inn : 
 
 “ To the Society of Lincoln’s Inn. 
 
 “ Gentlemen, —Coming into these parts we received from Colonel Axtell, 
 Governor of Kilkenny, very fair testimony of the carriage of M' John Brien, 
 of [ ],i in the County of Kilkenny, Esq. At whose request and earnest 
 
 intreaty we recommend to your favour the bearer, M' [ ]2 Bryan, his 
 
 eldest son, who (out of his love to good literature and eivil education) hum¬ 
 bly desires he may he admitted a member of your Society. Whereunto we are 
 the rather induced in regard the father is a gentleman of an ancient family and 
 considerable fortune, and one that hath been active against the enemy, killed a 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 293 
 
 In the year 1663, some of the late inhabitants, as Walter 
 Archer, Esq., Sir Robert Rothe, John Bryan of Jenkins- 
 town, Esq., Mary Bryan, and Garret Wall, of Coolnemuck, 
 Esq., obtained the King’s Letters for being restored to their 
 houses and lands, within the City and Liberties of Kilkenny, 
 as soon as they should obtain decrees of Innocence in Court 
 of Claims.* For the Adventurers and Soldiei’s had so con¬ 
 trived the Act of Settlement, that the banished Irish were not 
 to be restored to their dwellings and properties in towns, even 
 though decreed innocent.^ "I'hey were given to the Protestant 
 0 ,^fficers who served the King in Ireland before the 5th of 
 June, i649,Hhatthey might not be worse off than the Crom¬ 
 wellian Souldiery. By the Act, however, the King might 
 restore Innocent Papists by name.* The ’Forty-Nine Officers 
 now insisted that they must be first decreed Innocent, and 
 that the King’s Letters for restoring these Papists were against 
 the security of the English interest, against the words of the 
 Act, and would deprive them of much of what was designed 
 
 Captain of the Tories, and did some other good services to the Commonwealth 
 in this nation. 
 
 “ And, besides, the Gentleman is young and seemingly ingenuous ; and who 
 knows but the Lord may give him a self-convincing spirit to the forsaking the 
 blindness of his father’s house, and reducing him unto the way of truth 
 Which is the many motives that put us upon this motion, which we commit to 
 your consideration, and rest. Gentlemen, Yours, &c. 
 
 “ [Edmund Ludlow'.]’ [Miles Corbet.]‘ J. Weaver.]”’ 
 A 
 
 —, p. 302. 
 
 2 
 
 L 2, 3, 4, 5, blank in the entry. 
 
 ' The King to the Commissioners of the Court of Claims, June i, 1663, 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. xliii., no. 
 
 2 The King’s Declaration of 30th November, 1660, for the Settlement of 
 Ireland, clause xviii., embodied in Act of Settlement, 14 and 15 Charles IL, 
 chap. 2 (A. D. 1662). 
 
 ’ King’s Declaration. Ibid., clause viii. 
 
 * Id., clause xviii. 
 
294 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 for their arrears ; and they applied to Ormond to support their 
 objection, which he did.* The Commissioners were ordered 
 by the Council to suspend the giving of any decrees of inno¬ 
 cence to Papists possessed of house property in towns f and 
 by the Act of Explanation (A. D. 1665), the King surrendered 
 his power.® By the same Act of Parliament, all Innocents 
 were for ever concluded. Hear their cry ! 
 
 “ It will be (wrote their advocate) a paradox to posterity 
 that the most merciful King, that pardoned the murderers of 
 his royal father, should now give an irrevocable sentence of 
 death against so many thousand Innocents. I cannot foretell 
 what opinion will be had hereafter of this English interest ; 
 but it seems it is now become the Ultima Ratio Regum, when 
 no other can be given, and the Non Plus Ultra to all human 
 ratiocination. 
 
 “The English interest alone is privileged to endure no com¬ 
 panion. It is the only interest on earth that cannot subsist 
 without the neighbours’ ruin ; that cannot be preserved with¬ 
 out destroying all the rest of mankind where it is concerned. 
 May we not, therefore, justly call it an unsocial, unchristian, 
 and inhuman interest? Nay, a monster in nature—for it fat¬ 
 tens itself with its own blood. For it appeareth that a great 
 part of the Irish natives now destroyed upon account of se¬ 
 curing the English interest are of English extraction, descended 
 from ancient English colonies, who first brought over that in¬ 
 terest, and maintained it here to our times. If this Cannibal 
 English interest gives no better quarter to the children of 
 English, what can strangers expect ? If the interest of Eng- 
 
 > Ormond to Secretary Sir H. Bennett, June 13, 1663. “Carte Papers,” 
 vol. cxliii., p. 141. 
 
 Order of Council, dated 27th July, 1663. “Carte Papers,” vol. xliv., 
 p. 404.. 
 
 ’ 17th and 18th Charles II., chap, ii., sect. 221. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 295 
 
 land cannot be maintained in Wexford, Kilkenny, and Galway, 
 without extirpating the old natives, whose English ancestors 
 built those cities, and surrounded them with walls for the pre¬ 
 servation of that interest, what security can the race of the 
 now Adventurers and Souldiers have hereafter in Ireland.‘ 
 Or what security can they propose to themselves that, within 
 an age or two at the most, new colonies shall not come out of 
 England to dispossess them of their estates, upon the account 
 of settling a newer English interest,* just as their fathers do 
 now dispossess the offspring of the last English? Neither 
 can these new English Colonies (that shall come over one 
 hundred years hence, to extirpate the posterity of the now 
 Adventurers and Souldiers), have any security for their chil¬ 
 dren; so that to the world’s end (according to this new form 
 of government) the English interest can never be settled in 
 Ireland, nor in any other subdued country.”* 
 
 THE CLEARING OF WATERFORD. 
 
 As Kilkenny was purely of English foundation, so Water¬ 
 ford owed its foundation to the Danes. And no sooner did 
 the English get possession of it, in the days of King Henry II., 
 than they thrust forth the Danes, to people it with English, 
 just as they expelled the descendants of those new colonists, 
 in 1654, to repeople it with newer English. When Robert 
 Walsh was indicted at Waterford, in 1384, for killing John, 
 son of Ivor M‘Gilmore, and pleaded that he was Irish, and 
 that it was no felony to kill an Irishman, the King’s Attorney 
 
 ' See p. 7, n. 2, supra. 
 
 - He seems to have foreseen the Incumbered Estates Act. 
 
 ^ “ The English Interest Anatomized ; And the fallacie of arguments 
 drawen from Obligation and Necessity for the present Settlement of Ireland. 
 Sufficiently demonstrated in a letter from an Irish gentleman to his friend in 
 England.’’ [Anno. 1665]. “ Carte Papers,” vol. ccixii., p. 113. 
 
296 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 (John fitz John fitz Robert La Poer) replied, that M‘Gilmore 
 was an Ostman of Waterford, descended of Gerald M‘Gilmore, 
 and that all his (Gerald’s) posterity and kinsmen were entitled 
 to the law of Englishmen, by the grant of Henry fitz Empress, 
 which he (Mr. Attorney) produced. And issue being joined, 
 the jury on their oaths found, that at the first ’invasion of the 
 English, Reginald the Dane, then ruler of Waterford, drew 
 three great iron chains across the river, to bar the passage of 
 the King’s fleet; but that, being conquered and taken by the 
 English, he was tried and hanged, by sentence of the King’s 
 court at Waterford, with all his officers, for this crime. They 
 further found that King Henry II. banished all the then in¬ 
 habitants of the town (except Gerald M‘Gilmore, who joined 
 the English, and then dwelt, so the jury found, in a tower over 
 against the Church of the Friars Preachers, very old and 
 ruinous at the time of the trial), and assigned them a place 
 outside the town to dwell at, and there they built what was 
 then (Anno 1384), called the Ostmantown of Waterford.* 
 And the same seems to have taken place at Dublin at the first 
 invasion; for King James I. (25th May, 1609),^ in urging 
 the city of London to inhabit the ruined city of Derry, re¬ 
 minded them how Dublin, being desolate by the slaughter of 
 the Ostmen, was given by King Henry 11 . to the city of 
 Bristol, and (to their everlasting commendation) was rein¬ 
 habited by the men of that city.® And Waterford was pro¬ 
 bably repeopled from the same source. 
 
 1 Plea Poll of 3rd to 7tli year of Edward II. Membrane 18 (old number, 
 83). From tbe transcript made by the Eecord Commissioners of 1810-1825. 
 See also supra, p. 22, n. 
 
 2 “ Close Poll of Chancery, 7th and 8th Charles I. (1632-33). Calendar of 
 Patent and Close PoPs, of King Charles I., page 620. By James Morrin, Clerk 
 of the Enrolments.” 8vo. Dublin : Alexander Thom, Her Majesty’s Stationer, 
 1863. 
 
 3 Hence, perhaps, the Ostmantown (or Oxmantown) of Dublin. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 297 
 
 It thenceforth continued to be, what Sir William Temple 
 desired (A. D. 1668), that Dublin should for ever be kept, a 
 chaste English town.^ Not in the vulgar sense ; for at the time 
 of Sir W. Temple’s wish, Dublin, iiiMr. Justice Clodpole’s opi¬ 
 nion (so Ormond said), was but the lesser Sodom but pure 
 of Irish. With the degenerate Poers of Donile, and their Irish 
 confederates the O’Driscols of Baltimore, the mayor and 
 citizens of Waterford, in 1368 and 1415, waged stout war. 
 Yet this did not hinder the mayor and a chivalrous party of 
 his citizens from going by sea on Christmas eve (A. D. 1453), 
 well armed, to Baltimore, and presenting themselves to 
 OD’riscol and his family at their Christmas dinner in the hall. 
 They soon relieved them of their terrors, by telling them they 
 had come, not to injure them, but to carol and to dance. And 
 having enjoyed his hospitality, they brought O’Driscol and 
 his family back with them to Waterford, to partake of the 
 city festivities, and to dance on St. Stephen’s Day.® 
 
 This city got liberty from Parliament, by 25 Henry VI. 
 (A. D. 1447), to war against the Poers and the Welshmen, 
 their wild neighbours, as Irish.‘ The Parliament seemed to 
 consider it a kind of English oasis in a desert of Irish. For 
 in the year 1477 they found that in all the counties round the 
 city there were no English demeaning themselves as English, 
 but di’essins; and actin<)f like the Irish; and that Richard Power 
 had, for twenty years, been slierilF of the county, and had rob¬ 
 bed and murdered French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, and 
 Flemish merchants. The Mayor and Commons were, therefore, 
 
 ■ “Life of Sir II. Coventry, by T. Peregrine Courtney,’’ vol. L, pp. 382- 
 384. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1836. 
 
 * Ormond to Lord Kingston, 16 December, 1674. “Carte Papers,’’ vol. 1 ., 
 p. 123. 
 
 ^ MSS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin, F. 3, 16. 
 
 * Unpublished Irish Statutes. 
 
298 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 authorized, by 16 and 17 Edward IV. (A. D. 1477), to elect a 
 sheriff for the county.* In 1647, town (so the English 
 
 newswriters reported) had no natural Irish in it, nor would 
 admit any during these troubles.^ It was considered by the 
 Kings of England so true, that it got from them the name of 
 the city of Unspotted Loyalty, which it bears as the motto to 
 its arms to this day.® 
 
 In 1650 (6th August) it surrendered to Ireton, after so 
 gallant a defence by General Preston, that he obtained terms 
 to march out under safe conduct to Athlone, standards flying, 
 ti’umpets sounding, pistols and carbines loaded.'* But in due 
 time it shared the fate of its sister, Kilkenny. Its merchants, 
 the Lombards, the Lincolnes, the Lynnets, the Geraldines, 
 were dispersed and banished; its thronged streets became de¬ 
 solate, its houses dilapidated, and the breast of its broad river 
 shipless. Ireton now (i6th February, 1650-1), approved of 
 Colonel Richard Lawrence’s proposals for the raising in Eng¬ 
 land ofa regiment of 1200 Footmen, for the planting and guard¬ 
 ing of the city.® None (or but a few) came. In 1650 (loth 
 December), Waterford (as well as Limerick, Galway, and Cork), 
 so the Commissioners for Ireland informed the Lord Protector 
 and Council of State, had become ruinous, the houses falling- 
 down, and by indigent people pulled down.® But at length 
 came the Restoration ; and the King’s gracious Declaration of 
 30th November, 1660, drawn by the Cromwellians, where the 
 
 1 Unpublished Irish Statutes. 
 
 2 “Perfect Diurnal of Passages in Parliament,” “News from Dublin,” 9th 
 June, 1647, p. 1629. 
 
 ® “ Urhs Intacta.” 
 
 ^ ‘‘The Articles of Surrender in Several Proceedings n rarliament, from 
 22nd to 29th August, 1650.” No. 48, p. 710. 
 
 5 Ibid., p. 1129. 
 
 “ -! P- ^17. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 299 
 
 King is made to comfort himself that God, who had wrought 
 so much for him in England, would bring his work to the 
 same perfection in Ireland, and not suffer his good subjects 
 to weep in one kingdom, whilst they rejoiced in the other.* 
 Some of the banished merchants of Waterford, hearing these 
 happy tidings beyond the seas at Ostend, St. Males, Nantz, 
 and Rochelle, in France, and at St. Sebastian and Cadiz in 
 Spain, on behalf of themselves (and of others, in far-off 
 I\lexico), petitioned (April 19, 1661), to be allowed to return, 
 and to exercise, in their native abode, the skill they had gained 
 in traffiquing during their eleven years’ banishment, since the 
 surrender of the city to Ireton, and the confiscation of their pro¬ 
 perties. God had blessed their efforts. They had been enabled 
 to relieve such of His Majesty’s distressed officers and followers 
 as came in their way. And, if they were now restored to their 
 little properties in Waterford, they would bring thither their 
 stock, and exercise their insight and experience in their 
 native city.^ No answer appears to have been made to their 
 prayer. In 1664 (ist August), seven other merchants, in 
 behalf of themselves and others, in all about twenty, young 
 men dispersed beyond the seas, petitioned Ormond from 
 St. Malos. They had acquired by their industry, in the thirteen 
 years last past, a reasonable stock, but much more in expe¬ 
 rience and traffique ; their insight into commerce being such 
 as they might boldly aver it to exceed that of all their pre¬ 
 decessors in that city, and equal to that of all the merchants 
 then in Ireland ; and that their being gathered together in one 
 
 * Clause V., embodied in the Aet of Settlement, 14 and i 5 Charles II. (A. D. 
 1662), chap. ii. 
 
 a “The petition of Mathew Porter, Nicholas Geraldin, Jasper Grant, 
 Nicholas Lee the younger, James Lincolne, Mathew Everard, and Luke Ilorc, 
 bauisht merchants of Waterford, now residing beyond the seas.” “ Carte 
 Tapers,” vol. x.xxiii., p. 356. 
 
300 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 city would, in process of time, render Waterford as flourishing 
 as ever it was, and second only to Dublin. They hoped the 
 Duke of Ormond would not deem the inconvenience greater 
 than the benefit, if they should return home, and practise in 
 their native soil the knowledge they had acquired in foreign 
 nations. (And sure His Grace had, in his person, received such 
 many advantages from his outlandish experience, not to regard 
 the like in its degree in others ?) They would be leaders of 
 the rest. Their estates were not above £800 a year ; and if 
 restored. His Majesty would soon regain the loss of their re¬ 
 turn.* In answer, they were bidden to send over one of their 
 number, and they should be furnished with Letters of Marque 
 against the apprehended war with the Hollanders.’ 
 
 They replied (31 January, 1664-5), they would be 
 willing to equip and send forth privateers from Waterford, if 
 allowed to return and enjoy their properties and freedoms. 
 These, they said, were their hopes ; but they were balanced by 
 their fears, grounded on the hard usage of those that were at 
 home, who were so far from being allowed the freedom of citi¬ 
 zens, that they were daily threatened to be expelled the town, 
 and were as ill dealt with as under Cromwell.’ 
 
 Their allusion, no doubt, was to the scenes that took place 
 two years before (with threats since of repetition), when the 
 
 > “ Letter to Sir Nicholas Plunket (towards Ormond), one of the Agents for 
 the Affairs of Ireland, dated St. Malos, i August, 1664.” Signed," James Lin- 
 colne, Nicholas Lee, Junior, Mathew Porter, Mathew Everard, Nicholas Geral- 
 din Kodmon, Luke Hore, Jaspar Grant.” P. S.—"They who are not concerned 
 in Estates are, Anthony Carew, of Ostend; Valentin Morgan, of Saint Sabastian; 
 Francis White, of Calis; Andrew Geraldin, of Nantz ; William Lee, of Rochell j 
 Nicholas and Theobald, of Saint Malos; Walter Poore, in Mexico, and divers 
 others, &c., Peeter Lynett.” “Carte Papers,” vol. xxxiii., p. 351. 
 
 ' Ibid., p. 353 - 
 
 ^ Mathew Porter to Ormond. Dated “ Saint IMalos, the last of January, 
 1664-5.” “ Carte Papers,” vol. xxxiv., p. 22. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 gentry, at the Restoration, having quitted their former tillage 
 in Connaught, repaired for relief and habitation to other 
 parts of the kingdom, and there took farms. On the 7th of 
 December, 1661, a Committee of the Commons, then sitting 
 in Dublin, waited on the Lords Justices at 7 o’clock at night, 
 with a letter alleged to be dropped from a Priest’s pocket, near 
 Trim, importing a conspiracy of the Irish.’ Whereupon they 
 issued a proclamation, dated loth December, 1661, ordering 
 all Transplanters back to Connaught, and all merchants and 
 tradesmen to depart the towns (even those who had been tole¬ 
 rated there by the late Usurpers), on twenty-four hours’warning, 
 with their wives, children, and goods and families, which was 
 executed with so much rigour, as many women (some of them 
 big with child), staying at Waterford beyond the day prefixed 
 for their banishment, were, in the depth of winter, dragged 
 through the streets, and thrust out of the town.^ 
 
 The objections to the restoring of these poor banished 
 merchants of Waterford (and other towns) was, that they 
 were then planted with English who had brought trade and 
 manufacture into the kingdom.® But Sir Nicholas Plunket 
 answered, that they would prove (if allowed) that the cor¬ 
 porations never had less trade, nor in man’s memory been so 
 
 ' “ The More ample Accompt,” &c., pp. 2 to 5. By F. Peter Walsh. Dated 
 London, 3 February, 1661-2. i2mo. London: 1662. 
 
 2 “ The Petition of Divers Roman Catholics of Ireland to Ilis Majesty, desir¬ 
 ing that they might have liberty to live in any County or Corporation in Ire¬ 
 land, being by orders of the Lords Justices, commanded into Connaught.” [Ja¬ 
 nuary, 1662 ?]. Liber II., “Collections concerning the Act of Settlement,’ 
 p. 22. Record Tower, Dublin Castle. And see for description, “The More 
 Ample Accompt,” ubi supra; and “ The Clearing of Kilkenny,” Richard Shea’s 
 Letter to Patrick Bryan,” supra, p. 292. 
 
 3 “ Ilis Majesty’s Declaration for the Settlement of Ireland of 30th Novem¬ 
 ber 1660,’’ clause xviii. Embodied in Act of Settlement, 13 and 14 Chas. II. 
 (A. D. 1662), chap. 2. 
 
302 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 poor and decayed as then. The reason (he said) being plain, 
 that most of those transported thither were such as had not 
 stock or means to drive on trade, and went thither in hopes 
 to have dwelling houses without rent for their habitations.' 
 
 THE CLEARING OF GALW^AY. 
 
 Galway seems to have been, even before the English con¬ 
 quest, the seat of foreign traders. And some time after the 
 invasion of Henry II., the town is found inhabited by a num¬ 
 ber of families, all of French and English blood, who refused 
 to intermarry with the Irish. Their relations with the native 
 race may best be understood by one of the corporation by¬ 
 laws, which enacts (A. D. 1518) that none of the inhabitants 
 should admit any of the Burkes, M‘Williams, Kellys, or any 
 other sept into their houses, to the end “ that neither 0 ne 
 Mac should strutte ne swagger throughe the streets of Gall- 
 way.”^ In 1641 the townsmen were all English. Richard Mar¬ 
 tin, one of the principal inhabitants, in announcing, from Gal¬ 
 way, the outbreak of the Irish in the neighbourhood, to Lord 
 Ormond, informs him (December, 1641) that the town is dis- 
 furnlshed with arms and munitions, so that to defend those 
 maiden walls they had but naked bodies. And in allusion to 
 a rumour current that they would be allowed none, he says, 
 God forbid it should be true. “ If it be (said he) we are very 
 unfortunate to be hated by some powerful neighbours for be¬ 
 ing all English; and to have our four hundred years’ con¬ 
 stant and unsuspected loyalty without the help of a gar¬ 
 rison (until the last year, when there was no need for it) 
 forgotten and buried.”® 
 
 I “ The Roman Catholics of Ireland, their Answers relating to the Proposals 
 offered in order to the Settlement of Ireland hy the Commissioners from the Con¬ 
 vention of Ireland in 1660.” “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixviii., Paper 6th. 
 
 “ History of Galway,” p. 20. By James Hardiman. 4to. 
 
 3 “ Carte Papers,” vol. ii., p. 117. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 303 
 
 Galway was the last fortress of the Irish in the war of 1641, 
 and surrendered to Ludlow on the 20th March, 1652, on ar¬ 
 ticles, securing the inhabitants their residences within the 
 town, and the enjoyment of their houses and estates. The 
 taxation was soon so great, that many of the townspeople 
 quitted their habitations, and removed their cattle, unable to 
 endure it.* Consequently the contribution fell the heavier on 
 the remaining inhabitants. This tax was collected from them 
 every Saturday by sound of trumpet; and if not instantly 
 paid, the soldiery rushed into the house, and seized what they 
 could lay hands on. The sound of this trumpet, every re¬ 
 turning Saturday, shook their souls with terror, like the trum¬ 
 pet of the day of judgment.^ On the 15th March, 1653, the 
 Commissioners for Ireland, remarking upon the disaffection 
 thus exhibited, confiscated the houses of those that had de¬ 
 serted the town. Those that fled were wise in time. On 23rd 
 July, 1655, all the Irish were directed to quit the town by the 
 I St of November following, the owners of houses, however, 
 to receive compensation at eight years’ purchase ; in default, 
 the soldiers were to drive them out.^ On 30th October this 
 order was executed. All the inhabitants, except the sick 
 and bedrid, were at once banished, to provide accommodation 
 for such English Protestants whose integrity to the State 
 should entitle them to be trusted in a place of such impor¬ 
 tance ; and Sir Charles Coote on the 7th November received 
 the thanks of the government for clearing the town, with a re¬ 
 quest that he would remove the sick and bedrid as soon as the 
 
 , A 
 
 8l’ P- 
 
 2 “ Pii Antistitis Icon, &c.” The Portrait of a Pious Bishop, or the Life and 
 Death of the Most Reverend Francis Kirwan, Bishop of Killala.” By John 
 Lynch, Archdeacon of Tuam. Saint Malos, A. D. i66g. Translated by the 
 Rev. C. P. Meehan. J. Duffy. i2mo. Dublin; 1848. 
 
 ^ Ibid., p. 136. 
 
304 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 season might permit, and take care that the houses while 
 empty were not spoiled by the soldiery.' Among the sick 
 and bedrid was not counted Eobert French, a cripple, though 
 not able to stand or sit without the assistance of another. He 
 was helped out of the town by George French, and they be¬ 
 took themselves to a village in the country. They had con¬ 
 verted all their little substance into money, in hopes to bestow 
 the same in some bargain of advantage to them. But their 
 banishment was peculiarly unfortunate. On the lo June, 
 1664, in the dead time of the night, they were plundered of 
 £44 I2S. in money, and of gold rings, spoons, and other 
 things, to the value of £20, and of their evidences, and writ¬ 
 ings of great value, by four unknown and disguised horsemen, 
 who, upon fresh pursuit, could not be discovered in the 
 country—only of late one of them was hanged in Galway. 
 Ever since they were in a miserable condition, living on the 
 charity of friends. They, accordingly, asked liberty of the 
 Lord Lieutenant and Council to live again and abide in Gal¬ 
 way, out of the danger of further plundering.® 
 
 Mathew Quin, and Mary Quin (otherwise Butler) his wife, 
 asked liberty of the Lord Lieutenant to clear the graveyard 
 of Saint Francis’s Abbey, without the walls, in the north Fran¬ 
 chises of the town of Galway, of the stones laid in heaps upon 
 the graves by the late usurped power. It was the burial 
 place of the petitioners and their ancestors since the reign of 
 James L, and of very many inhabiting the town and country 
 near it. The late Abbey was demolished by the usurpers,® 
 
 ■ “ History of Galway,” p. 137, n. By James Hardiman. 
 
 ’ “ The humble Petition of Eobert French and George French.” Fiat by 
 Ormonde. Dated Dublin Castle, 21 May, 1669. “ Carte Papers,” vol. cxliv., 
 
 p. 41. 
 
 * Their Petition. Fiat by Ormonde. Dated Dublin Castle, 21 May, 1666. 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. cxliv., p. 41. For Lord Forbes’s and the Adventurers’ de- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 305 
 
 and the monuments defaced and taken away, and the stones 
 laid down in great heaps upon the graves. So that the inha¬ 
 bitants who ought to be buried there cannot be interred in 
 their ancestral vaults and graves without great charge and 
 trouble.' By such desolation the town was made ready for 
 newer English to inhabit. 
 
 On 22 July, 1656, the Commissioners for Ireland moved 
 his Highness, the Lord Protector, and Council of State, that 
 some considerable merchants of London might be urged to 
 occupy it, to revive its trade and repair the town, which was 
 falling into ruin, being almost depopulated, and the houses 
 falling down for want of inhabitants. But the City of London 
 had known enough of Ireland. Star-chambered in 1637 for 
 their neglect at Derry, and “censured in” £70,000, and their 
 Charter suspended, and their whole plantation effaced by the 
 Irish war in 1641, they would venture no more. The Lord 
 Protector and Council, therefore, turned to two less ex¬ 
 perienced cities. 
 
 There was a large debt of £10,000 due to Liverpool for 
 their loss and suffering for the good cause. The eminent de¬ 
 servings and losses of the city of Gloucester also had induced 
 the Parliament to order them £10,000, to be satisfied in for¬ 
 feited lands in Ireland. The Commissioners of Ii'eland now 
 offered forfeited houses in Galway, rated at ten years’ pur¬ 
 chase, to the inhabitants of Liverpool and Gloucester, to satisfy 
 their respective debts, and they were both to arrange about the 
 planting of it with English Protestants. To induce them to 
 accept the proposal, the Commissioners enlarged upon the 
 
 secration of St. Mary’s Church, and digging up the graves in 1642, see p. 75, 
 supra. 
 
 • “To Mr. Henry Waddington, Receiver of His Highness’s Revenue in the 
 Precinct of Galway, £50 on account, being by him to be issued according 
 to orders from Colonel Thomas Sadleir, for and towards demolishing the Abbey 
 near Galway. 26 February, 1656-7.’’ Treasury AVarrants, p. 91. 
 
 X 
 
3o6 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 advantages of Galway. It lay open for trade with Spain, the 
 Straits, the West Indies, and other places ; no town or port 
 in the three nations, London excepted, was more considerable. 
 It had many noble uniform buildings of marble, though many 
 of the houses had become ruinous by reason of the war, and 
 the waste done by the impoverished English dwelling there. 
 No Irish were permitted to live in the city, nor within three 
 miles of it. If it were only properly inhabited by English, it 
 might have a more hopeful gain by trade than when it was 
 in the hands of the Irish that lived there.' There was never a 
 better opportunity of undertaking a plantation, and settling 
 manufactures there than the present, and they suggested that 
 it might become another Derry. 
 
 The bait took. On 17th February, 1657-8, the houses in 
 Flood-street, Key-street, Middle-street, Little Gate-street, 
 south side of High-street, and other parts adjoining, valued to 
 £ 1518 8s. gd. by the year, were set out to the well-affected 
 inhabitants of Gloucester.’' Others of like value were set out 
 to those of Liverpool.® But no new Gloucester or Liverpool 
 arose at Galway. Nor did her ancient crowds of shipping re¬ 
 turn to her bay. 
 
 For it is a comparatively easy thing to unsettle a nation 
 or ruin a town, but not so easy to resettle the one, or to re¬ 
 store the other to prosperity, when ruined.^ And Galway, 
 once frequented by ships with cargoes of French and Spanish 
 wines, to supply the wassailings of the O’Neils and'O’Donels, 
 the O’Garas and the O’Kanes, her marble palaces handed 
 over to strangers, and her gallant sons and dark-eyed daughters 
 banished, remains for 200 years a ruin ; her splendid port 
 empty, while her “ hungry air” in 1862 becomes the mock of 
 the official stranger.® 
 
 A A 
 
 ' —> P- 255 ; itid-, p. 3 ' 5 - * P- 260. 3 Ibid., p. 281. 
 
 30 51 
 
 ' “ The Great Case of Transplantation Discussed,” p. 26. ^to. London; 1655. 
 
 ® Sir Robert Peel, Bart., Secretary for Ireland. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 307 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 THE THREE BURDENSOME BEASTS. 
 
 DESOLATION OF IRELAND. 
 
 Ireland, in the language of Scripture, now lay void as a wil¬ 
 derness. Five-sixths of her people had perished. Women 
 and children were found daily perishing in ditches, starved. 
 The bodies of many wandering orphans,* whose fathers had 
 embarked for Spain, and whose mothers had died of famine, 
 were preyed upon by wolves. In the years 1652 and 1653, 
 the plague and famine had swept away whole countries, that a 
 man might travel twenty or thirty miles and not see a living 
 creature. Man, beast, and bird were all dead, or had quit 
 those desolate places. The troopers would tell stories of the 
 place where they saw a smoke, it was so rare to see either 
 smoke by day, or fire or candle by night. If two or three 
 cabins were met with, there were found there none but aged 
 men, with women and children; and they, in the words of the 
 prophet, “ become as a bottle in the smoke; their skins black 
 like an oven, because of the terrible famine.” They were seen 
 to pluck stinking carrion out of a ditch, black and rotten ; and 
 
 ’ “ Upon serious consideration had of the great multitudes of poore swarm¬ 
 ing in all parts of this nacion, occasioned by the devastation of the country, and 
 by the habits of licentiousness and idleness which the generality of the people 
 have acquired in the time of this rebellion; insomuch that frequently some are 
 formd feeding on carrion and weeds—some starved in the highways, and many 
 times poor children who lost their parents, or have been deserted by them, 
 are found exposed to, and some of them fed upon, by ravening wolves and other 
 beasts and birds of prey.” “ Printed Declaration of the Council, 12th of May, 
 
3o8 
 
 Till': CUOJIWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 were said to have even taken corpses out of the grave to eat. 
 A party of horse hunting for Tories on a dark night discovered 
 a light; they thought it was a lire which the Tories usually 
 made in those waste counties to dress their food and warm 
 themselves ; drawing near, they found it a rvnned cabin, and 
 besetting it round, some alighted and peeped in at the window. 
 There they saw a great fire of wood, and sitting round about 
 it a company of miserable old women and children, and betwixt 
 them and the fire a dead corpse lay broiling, which as the fire 
 roasted, they cut oflf collops and ate.^ Such was the depopu¬ 
 lation of Ireland, that great part of it, it was believed, must lie 
 waste many years—much of it for many ages.^ But these 
 great wastes were haunted by three burdensome beasts, that 
 troubled the comfort of the English. In the first united Par¬ 
 liament of the Three Kingdoms, at Westminster, in 1657, Major 
 Llorgan, member for the county of Wicklow, deprecated the 
 taxation proposed for Ireland, by showing that the country 
 was in ruins ; and, besides the cost of rebuilding the churches, 
 courthouses, and markethouses, they were under a very heavy 
 charge for public rewards, paid for the destruction of three 
 beasts, “ We have three beasts to destroy (said Major Morgan), 
 that lay burthens upon us. The first is the wolf, on whom we 
 lay five pounds a head if a dog, and ten pounds if a bitch. 
 The second beast is a priest, on whose head we lay ten pounds, 
 —if he be eminent, more. The third beast is a Tory, on whose 
 head, if he be a public Tory, we lay twenty pounds ; and forty 
 shillings on a private Tory. Your army cannot catch them : 
 the Irish bring them in; brothers and cousins cut one another’s 
 throats.”® 
 
 ■ The description of an eye-witness—*‘Thc Interest of Ireland in its Trade 
 and Wealth Slated,” Part ii., p. 86. By Colonel Richard Lawrence, izmo. 
 Dublin: 16S2. 
 
 2 “ The Interest of England in the well Planting of Ireland with English,” 
 p. 31. By Colonel Richard Lawrence. Small 4to. Dublin: 1656. 
 
 3 “ Burton's Parliamentary Diary,” loth June, 1657. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 309 
 
 FIRST BURDENSOME BEAST, THE WOLF. 
 
 When the Great Jehovah in his inscrutable wisdom directed 
 the sons of Israel to return to the land of Canaan, where they 
 had been humbly and hospitably entertained for many years, 
 and charged them to kill all the inhabitants without mercy, 
 and divide their ancient inheritances by lot, he warned them 
 against destroying them too suddenly. “ Thou shalt smite 
 them, and utterly destroy them ; but thou must not consume 
 them at once, lest the beasts of the field increase upon thee.”* 
 In Ireland, from too rapidly exterminating the people, the 
 wolves multiplied in the great scopes of land lying waste and 
 deserted in all parts of the country, and increased till they be¬ 
 came so serious a public nuisance, by destroying the sheep and 
 cattle of the English, that various measures had to be taken 
 against them. Ireland had of old been celebrated for her wolf 
 dogs, which, with her equally celebrated hawks, were consi¬ 
 dered fit presents for kings. The officers quitting for Spain in 
 1652, proud of their dogs, were found to be taking them with 
 them; but the tidewaiters at the different ports, now crowded 
 with these departing exiles, were directed to seize the dogs, on 
 account of the increasing number of the wolves, and send them 
 to the public huntsman of the precinct.* 
 
 Public hunts were regularly organized, and deer toil brought 
 over from England, and kept in the public store for setting 
 up while driving the woods with hounds and horn for these 
 destructive beasts of prey.* Irishmen were occasionally em- 
 
 ' Deuteronomy, chap. vii. 
 
 A 
 
 a -,p.202. 
 
 ® “"Whereas some money hath been issued on account to Colonel Daniel 
 Abbott and others, for providing of toyles for taking of wolves, which have 
 been brought over for publique use; and understanding that part thereof is at 
 present at Grcenhill, near Kilcullen; ordered that Captain Tomlins, Comptroller 
 of the Traine, do forthwith take care that the said toyles and other materials 
 
310 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 ployed, and furnished with passes to go with guns to kill them 
 in particular districts, as in the county of Wicklowd This 
 curse, one of the consequences of the great desolation, the go¬ 
 vernment charged upon the priests. For if the priests had 
 not been in Ireland, the troubles would not have arisen, nor 
 the English have come, nor have made the country almost a 
 ruinous heap, nor would the wolves have so increased.^ By a 
 similar process of reasoning it is proved that it is the Irish that 
 have caused the ruin, the plundering, and desolation of the 
 country from the days of the first invasion for so many ages. 
 
 By a printed declaration of 29th June, 1653, republished 
 on ist July, 1656, the commanders of the various districts 
 were to appoint days and times for hunting the wolf; and per¬ 
 sons destroying wolves and bringing their heads to the Commis¬ 
 sioners of the Eevenue of the precinct were to receive for the 
 head of a bitch wolf, £6 ; of a dog wolf, £5 ; for the head of 
 every cub that preyed by himself, 40s.; and for the head of 
 every sucking cub, los.^ The assessments on several counties 
 to reimburse the treasury for these advances became, as ap- 
 
 thereto belonging be brought from Greenbill, or any other place, and laid into 
 the publique stores, and there kept until further dh’ection shall be given con¬ 
 cerning the same. Bated at Bublin, 2^th August, 1659. 
 
 “Thos. Herbert, Clerk of the Council.” 
 
 A 
 
 17 
 
 P- 45 - 
 
 1 “ Ordered that Eichard Toole, with Morris M'^Hliam his servant, with 
 their two fowling pieces, and half a pound of powder and bullet proportionable 
 be permitted to pass quietly from Dublin into the counties of Kildare, "Wicldow, 
 and Dublin, for the killing of wolves. To continue for the space of two months 
 
 Bublin, I November, 1652.” —, p. 454. 
 
 82 
 
 from the date of the order. 
 
 2 “ Declaration of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland [Cromwell] in answer to 
 the Declaration of the Irish Prelates and Clergy in a Conventicle at Clonmac- 
 noise. Printed at Corke, and now reprinted at London. Ed. Griffin, at the Old 
 Bayley, March 21, 1650.” 
 
 A 
 
 Sk’ 
 
 p. 255. Republished 7th July, 1656.— 
 of the Commissioners for the Affairs of Ireland.’ 
 
 ' Book of Printed Declarations 
 British Museum. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 31 ' 
 
 pears from Major Morgan’s speech, a serious charge. In cor¬ 
 roboration it appears that in March, 1655, there was due from 
 the precinct of Galway £243 5s. ^d. for rewards paid on this 
 account. But the most curious evidence of their numbers is 
 that lands lying only nine miles north of Dublin were leased by 
 the State in the year 1653, under conditions of keeping a 
 hunting establishment with a pack of wolf hounds for killing 
 the wolves, part of the rent to be discounted in wolves’ heads, 
 at the rate in the declaration of 29th June, 1653.* Under this 
 lease Captain Edward Piers was to have all the state lands in 
 the barony of Dunboyne, in the county of Meath, valued at 
 £543 8s. 8d. at a rent greater by £100 a year than they then 
 yielded in rent and contribution, for five years from 1st of 
 IMay following, on the terms of maintaining at Dublin and 
 Dunboyne three wolf dogs, two English mastiffs, a pack of 
 hounds of sixteen couple (three whereof to hunt the wolf 
 only), a knowing huntsman and two men, and oneboy. Captain 
 Piers was to bring to the Commissioners of Revenue at Dub¬ 
 lin a stipulated number of wolf heads in the first year, and a 
 diminishing number every year; but for every wolf head 
 whereby he fell short of the stipulated number, £5 was to be 
 defalked from his salary.^ 
 
 SECOND BURDENSOME BEAST, THE PRIEST. 
 
 On the 8th December, 1641, both Houses of Parliament in 
 England passed a joint declaration, in answer to the demand of 
 the Irish for the free exercise of their religion, that they 
 never would give their assent to any toleration of the Popish 
 religion in Ireland, or in any other of His Majesty’s dominions.’ 
 Cromwell’s manifesto, too, cannot be forgotten, that where the 
 
 , A 
 
 Tr.' P- 3°- 
 
 30 
 
 5 4th “ Rushvorth’s Collections,” p. 455. 
 
 A 
 
 P- 
 
 686 . 
 
312 
 
 THE CROiMAVELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Parliament of England had power the mass should not be 
 allowed of.* Pym had previously boasted that they would not 
 leave a priest in Ireland.® Such a measure was the proper 
 complement of the Declaration ; for what could priests be about 
 but spreading their religion if they staid ? For them, during 
 the war, there was no mercy ; when any forces surrendered 
 upon terms, priests were always excepted; priests were thence¬ 
 forth out of protection, to be treated as enemies that had not 
 surrendered. Twenty pounds was offered for their discovery, 
 and to harbour them was death.® This obliged them to fly, 
 and to hide until they heard of some body of swordmen being 
 ready to sail for Spain. Thereupon it was their custom to 
 get the officers commanding to apply for leave to transport 
 them together with his troops.^ Occasionally they would 
 
 ’ “ Declaration of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in Answer to the Acts of 
 the Popish Clergy at Clonmacnoise. Printed at Cork, and reprinted in London. 
 March, 1650.” 4to. 
 
 ® “ Nalson’s Historical Collections.” 
 
 3 “ INTELLIGENCE FROM IRELAND. 
 
 Bublin, II November, 1650. 
 
 “ Sir, —You will hear from "Waterford more certain news, and from Mun¬ 
 ster, than from hence. The Toryes are very husye in these parts, and it is 
 probable they will increase ; for aU the Papists are to be turned out of this city ; 
 and for the Jesuits, priests, fryers, munks, and nunnes, 20'* will be given to any 
 that can bring certain intelligence where any of them are. And whosoever doth 
 harbour or conceal any one of them is to forfeit life and estate. 
 
 “ Your humble servant, 
 
 “Evans Vaughan.” 
 
 “Several Proceedings in Parliament from 21st to 28th November, 1650,” 
 p. 912. 
 
 •* “ Colonel Teelin, who has licence to transport one thousand Irish for the 
 service of the King of Spain, to have liberty to take away all priests in Ireland 
 that send in their names. 261654.” —, p-85. 
 
 “ Colonel Edmund O’Dwyer being licensed to transport 3500 Irish, for the 
 service of the Prince de Conde; ordered that he be permitted to enlist and 
 
CF IRELAND. 
 
 313 
 
 apply for protection, while waiting to transport themselves of 
 their own accord.' 
 
 To be proscribed, however, w’as nothing but what they 
 were used to from the days of Queen Elizabeth. There were 
 statutes in force in England making the exercise of their re¬ 
 ligion death.- Yet, as Spenser remarked, they faced all 
 penalties in performance of their duties. They spared not to 
 come out of Spain, from Rome, and from Rheims, by long 
 toil and dangerous travelling thither, where they knew the 
 peril of death awaited them, and no reward but to draw the 
 people unto the Church of Rome.^ The laws occasionally 
 slept; but were revived by proclamation when the fears or 
 
 transport such Priests, Jesuits, and other persons in Popish orders, who are still 
 
 in Ireland, and shall give in their names. 4<A November^ 1653.” 
 
 A 
 
 ' “ Whereas John BarnewaU, priest, is desirous, in conformity with the late 
 Declaration of the said Commissioners of Parliament, to depart this nation into 
 some of the parts beyond the seas in America ; ordered that he be permitted to 
 reside in this nation till the 7 th of April next, he acting nothing to the prejudice of 
 the Commonwealth, nor exercising his priestly function in the interim : provided 
 the said John BarnewaU do at the expUation of the term ahovesaid depart this 
 nation, according to the intention of the said proclamation. Bated at Dublin, 
 
 the 1 February, 1653.” 
 
 A 
 
 P- 585- 
 
 “That the Governor of Dublin do cause aU such priests in the jails as are 
 not under suspicion of murder, to be delivered on hoard the ship ‘ Globe,’ com¬ 
 manded by WiUiam Ilazlewood, to be by him conveyed and landed at Cadiz or 
 Malaga. Dublin : 24 July, 1654.” 
 
 A 
 
 3-,p. 5°3. 
 
 “ Ordered that the Mayor of Dublin be desired forthwith to press a fltt and 
 able vessel in this port for the transportation of such a number of the Popish 
 clergy as are to go with Lieutenant-General Farrell for Spain. Dublin, 19M 
 February, 1652-3.” 
 
 A z 
 8 ^’ 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 585. 
 
 2 “Spenser’s View of Ireland,” p. 584, 
 
THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 314 
 
 anger of the government or people of England were aroused, 
 as by the Powder Plot, though the Irish had no part in it. 
 And then the priests had to fly to the woods or mountains, or 
 to disguise themselves as gentlemen, soldiers, carters, or la¬ 
 bourers. They had no fear that any of the Irish would betray 
 them for all the large rewards offered. But pregnant women, 
 and others, hastening on foot out of the Protestant parts 
 towards those places where priests were known to be har¬ 
 boured, was frequently the cause of their being apprehended. 
 In this way Connor O’Dovan, Bishop of Down, was tracked, 
 taken, and committed prisoner to the Castle of Dublin, in 
 1611.* Barnaby Eich at this very time represents a student 
 of Trinity College as meeting a priest, his acquaintance, in the 
 streets of Waterford : he asks the priest what means his 
 ruffling suit of apparel, his gilt rapier, and dagger hanging by 
 his side, more gentleman-like than priest-like ? He accounts 
 for his disguise by the proclamation of 1605, forbidding a 
 priest to remain in the realm.* 
 
 Until the month of December, 1641, the Roman Catholic 
 worship was tolerated in Dublin. But no sooner had the new 
 regiments arrivedfromEngland, than they profaned the chapels, 
 broke or burnt the images, seized the monks, and (writes a 
 Capuchin friar, himself one of the victims) would have slain 
 them, only that the Lords Justices sent them off in two ship- 
 
 > P. 340, “Analecta sacra novaet mira de Rebus Catholicorum in Hibernia, 
 pro Fide et Eeligione Gestis, divisa in tres Partes. . . . Collectore et Relatore 
 T. N. Pbiladelpho, Coloniae, 1617,” p. 581. i2mo. (By Rotbe, R. C. Bishop 
 of Ossory.) 
 
 2 P. I, “A Catholic Conference between Sir Thady Mac Marall, a Popish 
 Priest of Waterford, and Patrick Plaine, a Young Student of Trinity College, by 
 Dublin. Wherein is delivered the manner of execution that was used upon a 
 Popish Bishop and a Popish Priest that for several matters of Treason were 
 executed at Dublin, the ist of February last, A. D. 1611. By Barnabie Eych, 
 Gent., Servant to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty.” i2rao. London; 1612. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 3*5 
 
 loads to France.* The secular clergy were again connived at, 
 on account of the loyalty of the old English of Dublin, till 
 the surrender of the city by Ormond to the Parliament, in 
 July, 1647.^ The new Governor, Colonel Michael Jones, 
 (brother of Dr. Henry Jones, Bishop of Clogher, no longer 
 Prelate, but Presbyterian, and soon after Scoutmaster-General 
 to Cromwell’s army), ordered all Papists to quit the city ; and 
 declared it death for any to sleep within the walls, or within 
 two miles of them, or to harbour a Priest.® 
 
 After Cromwell’s arrival sll penalties were increased, and 
 the Declarations against Priests more strictly executed. 
 
 Nicholas French, Bishop of Ferns, fled from the massacre 
 of Wexford, and escaped to the mountains, and passed more 
 than five months there, with other refugees, among the wan¬ 
 dering creaghts, often sleeping on the bare ground in the open 
 air, in frost. Once, when the wood was surrounded, he 
 burst through the closing lines of soldiers and escaped by the 
 swiftness and stoutness of his horse.^ Father James Ford 
 dwelt (in 1654) in an island in a large bog, surrounded by 
 students, who built huts around him, and became his scholars.® 
 
 ' “Letter of Fr. Nieholas, Superior of the Capuchins of Dublin. Pictavii, 
 12 July, 1642.” “Memoirs of the Most Reverend Oliver Plunket, Primate, &c. 
 By the Rev. Patrick F. Moran, D. D.” Introduction, p. xi. James Duffy. 8vo. 
 Dublin : i86i. 
 
 2 “ Inhabitants of Dublin and Drogheda adhering to the Royal Authority 
 till 1647, and since expulsed from their habitations and estates in the time of 
 usurped power for their heirs and widows, ,if dead), to he restored to their for¬ 
 mer houses, lands, and freedoms.” Act of Settlement, 14 & 15 Charles II. 
 (A. D. 1662), chap, ii., sect. 178. 
 
 3 “ Relatio quarundum Notahilium, (fee.” “ Report of certain remarkable 
 Events in Ireland, from 1641 to 1650, in the archives of the Irish College at 
 Rome.” Moran’s Life of Primate Plunket, p. xii. 
 
 * “Litt. Nicol. Fernens. Ep. ad Intern untium.’’ Letter of Nicholas French, 
 Bishop of Ferns, to the Intemuncio. Dated Antwerp, January, 1673. “Moran’s 
 Life of Archbishop Plunket,” p. xxiii. 
 
 ® “ Status Soc. J. an. 1654.” Condition of the Society of Jesus in the year 
 1654. Ibid., p. 99. 
 
3i6 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Father Christopher Netterville lay hid for an entire year in 
 the family burial vault, and, being near seized, had to hide 
 himself in a quarry, and there continued his ministrations.' 
 The Priests assumed all disguises. Jesuits as peasants or 
 beggars visited the towns, and now in one house, now in 
 another, said mass.’* 
 
 The few survivors of the Franciscans and Capuchins lived 
 (1650-1654) as shepherds, herdsmen, and ploughmen.^ A 
 Capuchin father, in his letter from Waterford to his Superior 
 at Rome (30th June, 1651), stated that he passed freely 
 about the city, being gardener to the chief Protestant there, 
 and sometimes acting as coal porter at the quay.^ This was 
 P’ather Nugent; and Colonel Lawrence, Governor of Water¬ 
 ford (alluded to), used to tell in after times how zealous he 
 was in attending family prayer and public meeting. So much 
 so, that Mr. John Cook, Chief Justice of Munster, resident 
 at Waterford, with a fine mansion in the city, and another at 
 Kilbarry, beside the town, for his country house® (both taken 
 from the former owners), pleased with his piety, borrowed him 
 
 1 “ Status Rei Catliolicae, &c.” Condition of Catholic Affairs in 1654. In the 
 Archives of the Irish College at Rome. Ibid., p. xlix. 
 
 2 “Missio Soc. Jesu in Hib.” Mission of the Society of Jesus in Ireland to 
 the year 1655. Ibid., p. xxxviii. 
 
 2 “ Petition presented to the Sacred Congregation in 1654.” “ Moran’s Life 
 of Primate Oliver Plunket,” p. xxxviii. 
 
 ^ Ibid., p. xxix. 
 
 ^ “ Provided that this Act (for Satisfaction of Adventurers and Soldiers) shall 
 not extend to the dwelling-house of John Cook, one of the Justices for the pro¬ 
 vince of Munster, situate in the city of Waterford, nor to the farm of Kilbarry, 
 being two ploughlands and a half lying within the liberty of the said city, or 
 to the farm of Barnhaley, in the county of Cork, which are in his possession, and 
 are hereby settled on him and his heii’s for ever, for his good and faithful ser¬ 
 vices in Ireland, and in lieu of aU arrears of pension due unto him for the same.” 
 Act (of Satisfaction), dated 26 September, 1653, last clause. ScobeU’s “Acts." 
 Cook’s estate was granted to Sir George Lane by the Act of Settlement, 14 & 
 15 Charles II. (A. D. 1662), chap, ii., sect. 8. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 317 
 
 from Colonel Lawrence to attend him into England.' This 
 Chief Justice Cook was a most sweet man, and a great comfort 
 to the godly, both to their souls, bodies, and estates, and did 
 much good, both in his Circuits and about Wexford (where 
 he had other forfeited lands), and was, in all things, a great 
 blessing to that nation.^ 
 
 He has left a most interesting account of the preservation 
 from shipwreck of the ship carrying himself and his wife, and 
 Colonel Saunders, and others, and the Lord Lieutenant-Ge¬ 
 neral’s, and Major-General’s (Cromwell’s andIreton’s) baggage 
 from Wexford to Kinsale, through his prayers. He pressed 
 his dear Saviour not to drown him. “ If thou drownest those 
 that love thee,” he said, “ what wilt thou do with thine 
 enemies ?” He then had a vision of two hours’ duration, and 
 thought he was with his sweet Kedeemer in a large upper 
 chamber, where was a long table with two candles, two 
 trenchers, and tobacco and pipes ; and a many shipmen that 
 had barks at Wexford, come to beg their safety. Cook asked 
 Christ for the lives of all in their ship. “ In what ship,” said 
 He. “The Hector” said Cook. “It is a bad name” (said 
 He) for such as serve me : ‘ Hector’ is for Heathens. But 
 you shall be as safe as if you were in Codd’s boat,* or in the 
 Governor’s house at Wexford.” He then asked for the safety 
 of the Lieutenant-General’s and Major-General’s goods. “ But 
 they are not there,” said Christ. “ No ! Lord,” said Cook, 
 “ they are fighting thy battles.” During the early part of 
 this five days’ agony, it almost split Cook’s heart to think what 
 the Malignants would say in England when they heard that 
 
 • “Foxes and Firebrands.” Part II. p. 139. Second Edition. Dublin: 16S2. 
 [By Robert Ware, son of Sir James Ware.] 
 
 2 “ Several Proceedings in Parliament, &c. from lotb to 17th April, 1 651.” 
 p. 1241. 
 
 ^ “ A boat in Wexford that we went in towards the ship in the bat^, and were 
 driven back several times” says Cook). 
 
3i8 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 he and his wife were drowned'—not foreseeing how much 
 they would laugh some ten years afterwards, when he was 
 hanged. For he was executed as a Regicide for having acted 
 as Solicitor-General for the People of England at the King’s 
 trial. And the Royalists thereupon sang— 
 
 “ Find out the man, quoth Pluto,^ 
 
 That is the greatest sinner : 
 
 If Cook be he, then Cook shall he 
 The cook to cook my dinner.’ 
 
 Father Nugent, after staying for a while with Mr. Chief 
 Justice Cook, returned to his old master. Colonel Lawrence. 
 But at the Restoration he became parish priest of Leixlip, 
 near Dublin, a few miles beyond Chapelizod, then the sum¬ 
 mer residence of the Lord Lieutenant. For it was purchased 
 by the Duke of Ormond, with the manor and lands, from Sir 
 Maurice Eustace, when Ormond formed the Phcenix Park. 
 There Colonel Richard Lawrence was made by the Duke of 
 Ormond manager of the Cloth Mills he had set up ; and as 
 often as Father Nugent passed him,^ he never failed to laugh 
 at the Colonel, considering how he had played the dissembler 
 with him as if he had been one of the Colonel’s own frater¬ 
 nity, who was an Anabaptist.® 
 
 ' “A True Relation of Mr. John Cook’s Passage by sea from Wexford to Kin- 
 sale, in that great Storm, January 5tb [1649-50]. Wherein is related the 
 Strangeness of the Storm and the frame of his spirit in it. Also the Vision that he 
 saw in his sleep, and how it was revealed that he should be preserved, which 
 came to pass miraculously.” Printed at Cork, and Reprinted at London. 8vo. 
 1650. 
 
 ’ The Satan, Devil, or King of the Infernal Regions, among the ancient 
 Greeks and Romans. 
 
 ® “Collection of Loyal Songs,” vol. ii., p. 13. See “Hudibras,” by 
 Dr. Zackary Grey, vol. ii., p. 344, n. 
 
 ‘ No place is assigned in “ Foxes and Firebrandsbut there can be little 
 doubt that it was at Chapelizod, from the circumstances above mentioned. 
 
 5 “ This the Colonel himself cannot deny ; for he told the author this story 
 on the 28 th day of March, 1682, besides to others yet living in the city of Dub- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 3’9 
 
 Thus disguised and harboured by the people, it was no 
 easy matter to come at the Irish Priests. And though many 
 had obtained permission, at their own request, to transport 
 themselves to foreign parts, they were found to have deferred 
 their departure. The government, accordingly, on 6th Ja¬ 
 nuary, 1652-3, by Declaration, introduced the sanguinary 
 English Statute, 27th Elizabeth (A. D. 1585), and declared 
 all Koman Catholic Priests to be guilty of high treason, and 
 their relievers felons.^ But they suspended the effect for 
 twenty days, and gave them this time to reach the ports. 
 This was published at Clonmel on 21 January, 1652-3. And 
 Mr. Justice John Cook, at a general sessions held before him 
 at Clonmel, cried out aloud from the bench that all Irishmen 
 living on 23rd October, 1641, or born since in Ireland to that 
 
 lin, who can testify this narrative for truth.” “ Foxes and Firebrands,” Part ii., 
 P- ' 39 ' 
 
 1 “ Order for Banishing all Priests. 
 
 “ 'Whereas, it is now manifest from many years’ experience that Jesuits, Se¬ 
 minary Priests, and persons in Popish Orders in Ireland, estrange the affections 
 of the people from due obedience to the English Commonwealth, and under 
 pretence of Eeligion excite them to rebellion, which gave rise to the barbarous 
 murders of i64r, and the destructive war which followed. And whereas many 
 persons who obtained leave to transport themselves beyond seas do nevertheless 
 delay their departure. Now, that such persons may have no further opportu¬ 
 nity of leading people astray, from which no ordinary admonition can withhold 
 them, though they thus expose their lives to danger, and threaten to ruin this 
 miserable nation, they are all to withdraw in twenty days ; but outstaying this 
 time, or returning after they have once withdrawn, they will be subjected to the 
 penalties of the 27th Elizabeth. Given at Dublin, 6 January, 1652—3. 
 
 Signed, “ Chables Fleetwood. Edmund Ludlow. 
 
 Miles Cobbet. John Jones.” 
 
 “ The Eise, Growth, and Fall of the Family of the Geraldines, Earls of Des¬ 
 mond ; to which is added the Persecution of the Irish by the English. Collected 
 out of various works by Friar Dominic de Eosario O’Daly, Head of the Domi¬ 
 nican Order in Portugal. Printed at Lisbon A. D. 1655, p. 225. Translated 
 by the Eev. C. P. Meehan, and republished at Dublin by James Duffy.” i2mo. 
 1847. 
 
320 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 same day, were all traitors by an order made at Derby House.' 
 Under this measure more than one thousand priests were sent 
 into exile, and amongst them all the surviving Bishops but 
 one, the Bishop of Kihnore, who, weighed down by age and 
 infirmities, as he was unable to perform his functions, so too 
 he was unable to fly.^ 
 
 Five pounds was the reward payable to any person lodg¬ 
 ing a priest in gaol.® It was under this provision that the 
 heavy burdens complained of by Major Morgan were incurred. 
 The numbers of priests lodged in gaol, and the frequeney of 
 the rewards, attest the activity of the pursuit. Such orders 
 as the following are abundant:—loth August, 1657—Five 
 pounds, on the certificate of Major Thomas Stanley, to Thomas 
 Gregson, Evan Powel, and Samuel Ally (being three soldiers 
 of Colonel Abbot’s regiment of Dragoons), for the arrest of 
 Donogh Hagerty, a Popish priest, by them taken, and now 
 secured in the county gaol of Clonmel to be equally distri¬ 
 buted between them. To Arthur Spunner, Robert Pierce, 
 and John Bruen, five pounds, to be divided equally among 
 them, for the good service by them performed in apprehend¬ 
 ing and bringing before the Right Honourable the Lord Chief 
 Justice Pepys, the 21st of January last (1657), one Edmund 
 Duin, a Popish priest.* To Lieut. Edward Wood, on the certi¬ 
 ficate of William St. George, Esq., J.P., of the county of Cavan, 
 dated 6th November, 1658, twenty-five pounds, for five priests 
 and friars by him apprehended, viz. : Thomas M‘Kei’nan, 
 
 > “Memorials of the War of 1641. Written in the year 1657, by James 
 Kearney, of Fethard,” p. 4. “ Carte Papers,” vol. Ixiv., p. 432. 
 
 3 “ Brevis Eelatio, &c., hy Dr. William Burgatt, agent of the Irish Clergy 
 in Rome (afterwards Archbishop of Cashel).” Presented to the Sacred Congre¬ 
 gation. Dr. Moran’s “ Life of Primate Oliver Plunket,” p. xlii. 
 
 A A 
 
 ® 5-, p- 635; —, p- 396- 
 
 82 90 
 
 * Treasury Orders, p. 9. ^ Ibid., p. 120. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 321 
 
 Turlough O’Gowan, Hugh M'Geown, Turlough Fitzsymons, 
 who upon examination confessed themselves to be both priests 
 and friars.' 13th April, 1657, To Sergeant Humphry Gibbs, 
 and Corporal Thomas Hill (of Colonel Leigh’s company), ten 
 pounds for apprehending two Popish priests (viz. Maurice 
 Prendergast, and Edmund Fahy), who were secured in the 
 gaol of Waterford ; and being afterward arraigned, were both 
 of them adjudged to be and accordingly were transported into 
 foreign parts.^ 
 
 In prison their condition may be realized by such orders as 
 the following:— August, 1654. Ordered, on the petition of 
 Roger Begs, priest, now prisoner in Dublin, setting forth his 
 miserable condition by being nine months in prison, and de¬ 
 siring liberty to go among his friends into the country for 
 some relief; that he be released upon giving sufficient security 
 that within four months he do transport himself to foreign 
 parts, beyond the seas, never to return, and that during that 
 time he do not exercise any part of his priestly functions, 
 nor move from where he shall choose to reside in, above five 
 miles, without permission.^ Ordered, same date, on the peti¬ 
 tion of William Shiel, priest, that the said William Sheil being 
 old, lame, and weak, and not able to travel without crutches, 
 he be permitted to reside in Connaught where the Governor 
 of Athlone shall see fitting, provided, however, he do not re¬ 
 move one mile beyond the appointed place without licence, 
 nor use his priestly function.”* 
 
 At first the place of transportation was Spain. Thus :— 
 “ ist of February, 1653. Ordered that the Governor of Dublin 
 take effectual course whereby the priests now in the several 
 prisons of Dublin be forthwith shipped with the party going 
 
 ‘ Treasury Orders, p. 300. 
 
 7. 1'- 364. 
 
 4 
 
 2 Ibid. 
 
 , A 
 
 P-5-3. 
 
 Y 
 
322 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 for Spain ; and that they be delivered to the officers on ship¬ 
 board for that purpose : care to be taken that under the colour 
 of exportation they be not permitted to go into the country,”' 
 
 “ 2gt/i May, 1654. Upon reading the petition of the Popish 
 priests nowin the jails of Dublin ; ordered, that the Governor 
 of Dublin take security of such persons as shall undertake the 
 transportation of them, that they shall with the first opportu¬ 
 nity be shipped for some parts in amity with the Common¬ 
 wealth, provided the five pounds for each of the said priests 
 due to the persons that took them, pursuant to the tenor 
 of a declaration dated 6th January, 1653, be first paid or 
 secured. 
 
 But no orders could keep them from ministering to their 
 flocks. Of this there are many instances. 4th January, 1655, 
 there was paid to Captain Thomas Shepherd the sum of five 
 pounds, pursuant to the declaration of 6th May, 1653, for a 
 party of his company that on 27th November last took a 
 priest, with his appurtenances, in the house of one Owen 
 Birne, of Cool-ne-Kishin, near Old Leighlin, in the county of 
 Catherlogh, which said priest, together with Birne, the man of 
 the house, were brought prisoners to Dublin.® On the 8th of 
 the same month, Richard and Thomas Tuite, Edmund and 
 George Barnwell, and William Fitzsimons, all names belong¬ 
 ing to what would now be called the Catholic gentry, main¬ 
 tained the castle of Baltrasna, in the county of Meath, in de¬ 
 fence and rescue of a priest supposed to have repaired thither 
 to say mass. For this they were arrested, and their goods 
 seized. To these Cornet Greatrex and his soldiers laid claim, 
 on the ground of a forcible entry of the said castle, kept 
 
 A 
 
 3 — p. 7. Orders of Council, Late Auditor-General’s Records, Custom 
 
 10 
 
 House Buildings, vol. x., p. 204. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 323 
 
 against them with arms and ammunition by such who main¬ 
 tained a priest in his idolatrous worship, in opposition to the 
 declaration of the State in that behalf.^ 
 
 As nothing could hitherto hinder them from administering 
 to their flocks, the Commissioners for Ireland began to trans¬ 
 port them to Barbadoes, to prevent them from returning to 
 their own and their people’s destruction. On 8th December, 
 1655, in a letter from the Commissioners to the Governor of 
 Barbadoes, advising him of tlie approach of a ship with a 
 cargo of proprietors deprived of their lands, and then seized 
 for not transplanting, or banished for having no visible means 
 of support (though the charity of the Irish never yet failed 
 such victims of the law, whether of high or low degree), they 
 add that amongst them were three priests ; and the Commis¬ 
 sioners particularly desire they may be so employed as they 
 may not return again where that sort of people are able to do 
 much mischief, having so great an influence over the Popish 
 Irish, and of alienating their affections from the present Go¬ 
 vernment.^ Yet these penalties did not daunt them, or pre¬ 
 vent their recourse to Ireland. In consequence of the great 
 increase of priests towards the close of the year 1655, a gene¬ 
 ral arrest by the justices of peace was ordered, under which, 
 in April, 1656, the prisons in every part of Ireland seem to 
 have been filled to overflowing. On 3rd of May the gover¬ 
 nors of the respective precincts were ordered to send them with 
 sufficient guards from garrison to garrison to Carrickfergus, 
 to be there put on board such ship as should sail with the first 
 opportunity to the Barbadoes.^ One may imagine the pains 
 of this toilsome journey by the petition of one of them. Paul 
 
 ’ —, p. 102. 
 
 10 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Cashin, an aged priest, apprehended at Maryborough, and 
 sent to Philipstown on the way to Carrickfergus, there fell 
 desperately sick, and, being also extremely aged, was in dan¬ 
 ger of perishing in restraint for want of friends and means of 
 relief. On 27th of August, 1656, the Commissioners having 
 ascertained the truth of his petition, they ordered him sixpence 
 a day during his sickness ; and (in answer probably to this poor 
 prisoner’s prayer to be spared from transportation), their or¬ 
 der directed that it should be continued to him in his travel 
 thence (after his recovery) to Carrickfergus, in order to his 
 transportation to the Barbadoes.* 
 
 At Carrickfergus the horrors of approaching exile seem 
 to have shaken the firmness of some of them; for on 23rd 
 September, 1656, Colonel Cooper, who had the charge of the 
 prison, reporting that several would under their hands renounce 
 the Pope’s supremacy, and frequent the Protestant meetings, 
 and no other, he was directed to dispense with the transporta¬ 
 tion of such of them as he could satisfy himself would do so 
 without fraud or design, on their obtaining Protestant security 
 for their future good conduct.® 
 
 But even in Barbadoes the Government did not seem to 
 consider them secure, or perhaps the cost of transporting them 
 may have been too heavy. For on 27th February, 1657, they 
 referred it to His Excellency to consider where the priests 
 then in prison in Dublin might be most safely disposed of; and 
 thenceforth the Isles of Arran, lying out thirty miles in the 
 Atlantic, opposite the entrance to the Bay of Galway, and the 
 Isle of Innisboffin, off the coast of Connemara, became their 
 prisons.® In these storm-beaten islands they dwelt in colo¬ 
 nies during the three concluding years of the Commonwealth 
 rule in Ireland, in cabins built for them by the Government, 
 
 A „ A 
 
 • -,p. 217. 2-, p. 179. 
 
 ® Ib., p. 277. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 32? 
 
 and maintained on an allowance of sixpence a day.' Yet still 
 in all parts of the nation there was found a succession of these 
 intrepid soldiers of religion to perform their sworn duties, 
 meeting the relics of their flocks in old raths, under trees, and 
 in ruined chapels,^ or secretly administering to individuals in 
 the very houses of their oppressors, and in the ranks of their 
 armies. 
 
 THIRD BURDENSOME BEAST, THE TORY. 
 
 The great aim of the transplantation was to give security 
 to the English planters.® For this forty thousand of the most 
 active of the old English and Irish nobility and gentry and 
 commons, who had borne arms in the ten years’ war were 
 forced to abandon wife and children, home and country, and 
 embark for Spain ; for this their deserted wives and children, 
 and all the remaining landed proprietors, their families and 
 
 ' “ To Col. Tho®. Sadleir, Governor of Galway, the sum of £100 upon ac¬ 
 count, to be by him issued as he shall conceive meet for the maintenance of such 
 Popish priests as are or shall he confined in the island of Buffin, after the allow¬ 
 ance of sixpence per diem each. And for building of cahbins, and other neces¬ 
 sary accommodation for them. Dated yd July, 1657.” Treasury Warrants, 
 P- 352 - 
 
 * In the bishops’ returns appended to Primate Boulter’s Report to the Lords’ 
 Committee on the present state of Popery in Ireland (A. D. 1732), it is common 
 to find masses said in huts, in old forts, and at moveable altars in the fields. An 
 English tourist writes in 1746 :—“The poorer sort of Irish natives are Roman 
 Catholics, who make no scruple [toleration was advancing at this time] to as¬ 
 semble in the open fields. As we passed yesterday in a hy-road, we saw a 
 priest under a tree, with a large assembly about him, celebrating mass in his 
 proper habit; and though at a great distance from him we heard him distinctly.’’ 
 Chetwood’s “ Tour thi'ough Ireland,’’p. 163. i2mo. London: 1746. 
 
 ® “ To the end, therefore, that the country of Ireland may be planted and 
 settled with security unto such as shall plant and inhabit the same.’’ Preamble 
 to the Act for the Satisfaction of Adventurers and Souldicrs, passed 2 7 th Sep¬ 
 tember, 1653, 
 
326 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 next heirs,' their tenants, with theirwives, sons, and daughters, 
 were forced into Connaught. With this view, the country was 
 laid waste, wherever crops or cattle were liable to afford sup¬ 
 port to the Irish who had not submitted to be transplanted or 
 transported; in order that those to whom caves and inacces¬ 
 sible mountains had afforded a retreat, might find no nourish¬ 
 ment of any kind; and whole districts were put out of 
 protection, so that men or women found there were to be shot 
 as spies and enemies, unless they had a pass or ticket of pro¬ 
 tection. 
 
 Thus, the Committee for transplanting the Irish declared 
 (29 December, 1653), the whole county of Kerry, and the 
 adjacent fast countries in Cork and Limerick, to be out of 
 protection as to Irish and Papist, in order to prevent any re¬ 
 lief to Tories, and hinder incursions into the English plan¬ 
 tations ; also the five counties within the line of the Liffey, 
 south of Dublin, and the Barrow, and such parts of Leitrim, 
 Cavan, and Fermanagh, as lie between Lough Erne and the 
 Shannon, and the West Sea.^ Bound their garrisons they 
 
 ' “And whereas the children, grandchildren, brothers, nephews, uncles, and 
 next pretended heirs of the persons attainted, do remain in the provinces of 
 Leinster, Ulster, and Munster, having little or no visible estates or subsistence, 
 hut living only and coshering upon the common sort of people who were tenants 
 to or followers of the respective ancestors of such persons, waiting'an opportimity, 
 as may j ustly he supposed, to massacre and destroy the English who as adven¬ 
 turers or souldiers, or their tenants, are set down to plant upon the several lands 
 and estates of the persons so attainted,” they are to transplant or be transported 
 to the English plantations in America. Act for Attainder of the Eehels in Ire¬ 
 land, passed 1656. ScoheU’s “Acts and Ordinances.’’ 
 
 2 “ Places to be whoUy cleared of Irish and Papist.” —, p. 16. “Places 
 in Connaught out of Protection.” The following places as known harbours for 
 the enemy, and other bloody and mischievous persons, who from thence take ad¬ 
 vantage, &c., ordered to be out of protection ;—All the county of Leitrim 
 (except the baronies of Leitrim, Mohill, and Dromaheere), in Roscommon, 
 Ilanly’s Country, Ardagh, and Fenhowle ; all the county of Mayo (except Kil- 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 327 
 
 defined a line, where they supposed no Tories could venture. 
 The inhabitants of the neighbourhood were ordered to retire 
 within it, under pain of being out of protection, but they were 
 first allowed to sow their spring corn, that when ripe, the gar¬ 
 rison might camp out and guard the reaping and inning of 
 it. Thus the inhabitants of Shanganah and Loughlinstown, 
 five miles southofDublin, were (21 March, 1652-3), to have six 
 weeks’ time to remove themselves within the line, in order 
 to sow their spring corn, and to have two persons to watch 
 their growing crop and dwellings. And Colonel Hewson was 
 to grant them tickets of protection, to secure them against 
 being shot by the English.* And the inhabitants of the barony 
 of Carlow, and part of Idrone were (loth May, 1652) to 
 have so much of their corn in unprotected places spared, as 
 Colonel Pretty should advise.^ 
 
 The Irish had been encouraged to keep fighting, in order 
 to effect a diversion in favour of Charles IP’s attempt to 
 recover England by the aid of the Scots. But that scheme 
 being ended by the battle of Worcester (3rd September, 
 1651), the King advised them to make terms for themselves.^ 
 This, however, they were reluctant to do, because no terms 
 were to be expected except slavery or banishment. Broghill 
 
 maine, Carrow, and Tyrawley); in Gahvay, the baronies of Moycullen, Ballina- 
 hinchy, the half baronies of Ross, of Borrishool, of An-an, of Kullihane; the 
 parishes of Breanagh, Kilkerrin, llloylagh, in the barony of Tyaquin ; the parish 
 of Ballinakelly, in the barony of Longford; in Sligo, the barony of Coolavinn 
 (except the Randcs) ; the inhabitants to be warned by Sir Charles Coote, Pre¬ 
 sident of Connaught, to remove by 15th March next; in default, themselves, 
 their cattle, and goods, to be treated as enemies. , p. 134. 
 
 o 2 
 
 ‘ —, p. 722. ’ Ibid., p. 224. 
 
 o 2 
 
 ® “ A Breefe of the Defence made in Answer to the objections offered to in¬ 
 validate the Peace granted to the Irish in 1648,” Lib. II., p. 75. “ Collections 
 
 relating to the Act of Settlement," Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
328 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 now proposed to the Commissioners of Parliament (2nd Ja¬ 
 nuary, 1651-2), and his proposal was adopted, that such of 
 the Irish souldiers as should come in and deliver up one or 
 more field officers of their party, to be proceeded against ac¬ 
 cording to justice, should be received into protection, and 
 be assigned some place of security out of the Parliament’s 
 quarters, to defend themselves from the enemy.* But none of 
 them were capable of this treachery. Upon the surrender of 
 the Leinster army, under the articles signed at Kilkenny 
 (12th May, 1652), the Commissioners of Parliament called 
 upon the rest of the Irish (22 May, 1652), to lay down their 
 arms on or before the 30th June following ; and to enforce it, 
 put £500 on Lord Muskerry’s head, £300 on Lord Mount- 
 garret’s, £300 on Colonel Richard Grace’s, £200 on Lord 
 Iveagh’s, £200 on Colonel David Roch’s (son of Maurice 
 Lord Roch, of Fermoy), and like sums on the head of every 
 commander standing out after that day (all named), to be 
 paid to any of their soldiers bringing in their heads.* 
 
 This was the favourite resource of the English, who had 
 long dealt with Irish heads as playthings ; sometimes, how¬ 
 ever, rather expensive and dangerous ones ; for they were not 
 the men to give their heads for the washing.* In Edward IV.’s 
 day, any one cutting off the head of an Irishman found 
 within the English Pale, or four obedient counties of Meath, 
 Louth, Kildare, and Dublin, unaccompanied by an English¬ 
 man, and bringing it to the Portrieve, or Mayor of Trim, 
 Ardee, Naas, or Dublin, to spike up on the Castle Walls, or 
 over the Gates, was to receive twopence from every town- 
 
 , A 
 
 81’ P- 
 
 2 Ibid., pp. 237-239; and p. 313. 
 
 ^ “ In truth it never shall be said, 
 
 I for the -M'aBhing gave my head.”—“ Iludibras.” 
 
OF IRF.LAND. 
 
 329 
 
 land.’ In the Treasurer’s accounts of Queen Elizabeth’s day, 
 “ Head Money” appears as a heavy item. But the Irish soldiers 
 were too true to be tempted to murder their officers by these 
 vile bribes. They had no more success than Broghill’s scheme. 
 The different parties came in one after another, and made re¬ 
 gular capitulations for themselves and their forces, and (for 
 the most part) accepted banishment and transportation to 
 Spain.’’ , 
 
 The Parliament of England had now, indeed, stripped 
 Ireland bare. Her swordmen transported; her nobles and 
 gentry transplanted to Connaught, or banished, and their 
 former inheritances measured out for the families of English 
 Adventurers and soldiers to occupy. Now, indeed, it might 
 be said of Ireland— 
 
 “ Oh Ireland, base and shameless woman ! 
 
 Like hooded harlot false and vile : 
 
 With breast to every stranger common, 
 
 No mother’s love is in thy smile. 
 
 “ Thy bosom, Erin, soft and swelling. 
 
 No milk affords thy offspring now ; 
 
 P’or in thy arms securely dwelling. 
 
 Are litters of a foreign sow. 
 
 “ Where are thy young men, lion-hearted ? 
 
 Their fathers where, who once were free ? 
 
 Are all the brave and sage departed, 
 
 By force or fraud exiled from thee P”® 
 
 This last was the real purpose of the English in transport¬ 
 ing the swordmen to Spain. But, though all the leaders of 
 the Irish people might be taken off, the nation survived in 
 
 I Statute 5th Edward IV. (A. D. 1465), chapters 12, 13, 14, 15. In the 
 printed Statutes only chap. 12 is given. 
 
 * See “ The Departure of the Swordmen for Spain,” p. 86, supra. 
 
 ” Translated from the Irish. “The Keene of the South of Ii-eland,” p. 8. 
 i2mo. London: 1845. For the Percy Society. Edited by T. Crofton Croker. 
 
33° 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 the peasants. The English thought that the relics of the Irish 
 would now submit, and make the best of it. They were accus¬ 
 tomed only to their own submissive rural classes, who repre¬ 
 sent the defeated and subdued Saxons, as their gentry do by 
 their pride and bearing (though not, perhaps, by blood) the 
 conquering Normans. They little knew the hearts full of the 
 noblest fire that beat under the poorest rags in Ireland, nor 
 the unconquerable mind of the inhabitants of those frail dwell¬ 
 ings of wattle covered with collops or long stripes of turf. 
 Here, however, after 500 years of conquest, dwelt an unsub¬ 
 dued people,' impatient of English laws, much more of sup¬ 
 pression and servitude.^ 
 
 Under a rude outside they were endued with one of the 
 acutest and freest minds in Europe. Each of these men, 
 bearing his great heart above despair, watched for vengeance 
 on the enemies of his race, and waited for the resurrection of 
 his country. 
 
 They scorned the preaching of their priests and gentry of 
 English blood. They knew them to be as truly English at 
 heart as the children of the old Romans, though born in 
 Britain, were still Romans.^ When the only hope of safety 
 for both naturalized English and native Irish was a union 
 to support King Charles II., the Irish refused it. They 
 would not be parties to placing their country, as the gentry 
 desired, under the rule of a people that for ages had injured 
 them and scorned them. Father Christopher Plunket, a friar 
 of English race, was employed to the Irish party in 1650. 
 He reported that they would rather pull God out of His throne, 
 
 ' King James I. to Sir Arthur Chichester (A. D. 1613). Close Rolls of 
 Chancery. Morrin’s “ Calendar,” p. 625. 
 
 2 “ Sir Arthur Chichester to the Lords of the Council in England. 2nd Fc- 
 ruary, 1609-10.” Ibid., p. 639. 
 
 ^ See Lord Dunsany’s Letter, supra, p. 236, n. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 331 
 
 or throw themselves headlong into the sea, than become 
 loyal to the Crown of England.^ They knew that the King 
 of England would be the puppet of the Parliament. And 
 they had ever known the Parliament as a body of conspira¬ 
 tors against the religion, property, liberties, good fame, and 
 very existence of the Irish people. 
 
 The Irish, thus defeated by the overpowering force of 
 England, or rather by the coldness for the contest of their 
 half-hearted leaders, most of them of the old English blood, 
 who feared the victory for the nation more than conquest by 
 the enemy, now dispersed themselves in woods and moun- 
 
 ■ “ So far hath the spirit of ambition and dissension invaded the hearts of 
 some of that nation, that they will sooner pull God out of his throne, or throw 
 themselves headlong into the sea, than become loyal to the Crown of England. 
 They have sent three legats to Leopoldus [Duke of Lorraine] since the last of 
 August, presenting him the kingdom of Ireland upon very slight terms—a ridi¬ 
 culous thing, hut very malicious, if it have an event, as it is thought it will ; 
 and that, by ways, I cannot commit to paper. There were also, since June last, 
 upwards of 22 Agents sent hither, to Low Countries and Germany, to gather 
 moneys in the Confederate Catholics of Ireland’s name; which they have done 
 in abundance. 
 
 “ The chiefest of them was one Francis Edmonds, James Dillon, Sir Lau¬ 
 rence the priest, and one of our order named M‘Gruorck, who, to colour his 
 practises, or rather that he might more efficaciously work upon Prelates and 
 Noblemen’s purses, made two great rolls of parchment, which he commonly 
 shewed in all places where he begged ; in one of these rolls he placed such as 
 were defenders and supporters of the Catholic religion in Ireland—to wit, Owen 
 O’Neil, and a very few more : in the other he placed all heretics, and such as 
 studies the ruin of the Catholic religion—viz. the Council {nemine excepto) and 
 most of the nobility and gentry of the whole kingdom. These and the foul as¬ 
 persions cast upon you in Paul King’s libel, took such impression in the breasts 
 of Prelates, noblemen, and religious in these parts, that they think absolutely 
 that all our Council, nobility, &c., are hut mere heretics, &c.” 
 
 “ Extract of a Letter from Christopher Plunket, a Franciscan friar, to Sir 
 Nicholas Plunket, from Bruxells, or Bruges, without date, but accompanied with 
 other letters of the 24th of April, 1650, taken 22 June, 1650.” “ Carte Papers,” 
 vol. xxviii., p. 5. 
 
332 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 tains and bogs, and thence fell down like wolves on the usur¬ 
 pers of their homes and country. These were the Tories.' 
 
 ‘ For want of an organized treasury, it was customary towards the close of 
 the war of 1641, to assign the different regiments “a month’s means” in such and 
 such a barony. Partisan hands under no command were connived at, and lived 
 at free quarters ; hut this, at last, became such an evil that Ormonde issued a 
 proclamation against them, ordering them to enlist in His Majesty’s army, or 
 be deemed traitors. In the proclamation is the fii'st public use of the term 
 “ Tory.” The following petition exhibits the evils of this state :— 
 
 “ The humble Petition of Edmund Wale, Esq., 
 
 “ Most humbly shewing to your Excellency a scantlet of his late sufferings 
 and pressures offered unto him by some of his neighbours and other Idle Boys. 
 First, that albeit your Petitioner was mightily impoverished by the heavy con¬ 
 tribution and eight days entertainment for horse and man, to a party consisting 
 of 150 horse, forced from him by Cromwell’s army, as by the annexed may ap¬ 
 pear, whereby he lost his whole substance in corn, to the value of £200. Yet 
 your Petitioner’s farm of Knockbally Meagher and Tomonin [on the Devil’s Bit 
 mountain .^], being a remote nook of the county of Tipperary, between woods 
 and hogs, and always since the access of Cromwell’s army into the said county, 
 as a place of safety frequented by several crews of Idle Boys adhering to Thomas 
 O’Meagher, of Bolihane, Captain Brann O’Birne, and several others who, cessing 
 and quartering themselves on your Petitioner and his tenants in the said Lands, 
 plundered, eat up, and consumed all their livelihood, whereby your Petitioner’s 
 'Tenants were altogether beggared and hanisht. Secondly, that the said Idle 
 Boys, by the procurement of the said Thomas O’Meagher, about the 8th day of 
 April last, fired and burned your Petitioner’s House in the haon [bawn.!'] of 
 Moydromma ; and the said Brann O’Birne, accompanied with at least 140 armed, 
 came in a hostile manner on the 13th of the said month, and broke open, pulled 
 down and rased your Petitioner’s Stone House at Knookhally Meagher, and 
 took of your Petitioner’s Cattle 12 Muttons and 2 principal Beefs. Thirdly, 
 that in the like hostile manner, one Captain Dowdal, beside £4 contribution (as 
 he termed it) by him forced from your Petitioner, with a party of Musketeers in 
 his company, about the 24th of March last pillaged youi- Petitioner of a Horse, 
 price £40 sterling, with a sword and fowling piece, and afterwards pillaged him 
 of 42 Muttons, price £20, at least. 
 
 “ Lastly, that Florence Fitzpatrick, Daniel Ro O’Phelan, Donogh O’Felan, 
 Gillpatrick DuUanie, Edmond M’Ferlagh, and Simon Hill, with divers other 
 armed men, both horse and foot, in like hostile manner, on the 8th of this 
 month, preyed and pillaged your Petitioner and his said poor 'Tenants of the 
 
OF IRFLANI). 
 
 333 
 
 The Parliament had for ages made the killing an Irishman no 
 murder, and the taking his lands no robbery.* Yet this re¬ 
 tribution of the Tories on the Cromwellians was of course 
 always called outrage and murder ; and for their preys they 
 were called robbers. As such they were solemnly hanged, 
 being something akin to that which so tickled the fancy of 
 the Laughing philosopher of old : but here it was not the big 
 thieves (as he described it), leading the little thieves, but the 
 plunderers leading the plundered, to the gallows. 
 
 In 1647 incursions were made into 
 
 the Irish quarters by the English, and into the English quar- 
 
 only remnant and small relief left tliem by all former pillagers, to the number 
 of 73 cows and five garrans; and what they killed not of them they imbeazled 
 and distributed, as well among themselves as to Donogh O’Dullany, Dermot 
 O’Costigan, and others, leaving your Petitioner without any manner of relief. 
 The premises considered, and inasmuch as the said proceedings were done and 
 committed on your Petitioner in apparent contempt of your Excellency’s order 
 of protection, by him from time to time produced, and shown to the said par¬ 
 ties severally, and are not only to his loss and damage at least £1000 sterling, 
 but even to his utter ruin and banishment from house and home, if not relieved. 
 It may please your Excellency strictly to require, &c. Dated 24 May, 1630.” 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. clvii., p. 125. By his proclamation, dated from “Clare 
 [Castle], 25 September, 1650,” Ormonde orders all these loose and ill-disposed 
 persons that pillage the protected inhabitants of Leinster, and will not submit 
 to any commands, living upon the people of the country, and that “ are termed 
 Toryes or Idle Boys,” to enlist in Ilis Majesty’s army, or be deemed traitors. 
 “ Carte Papers,” vol. clxii., p. 358. 
 
 ' “ The Irish (says Sir J. Davis) were not only disabled to bring any Ac¬ 
 tions, but they were so far out of the protection of the law, as it was often ad¬ 
 judged no felony to kill a ‘ meer’ Irishman in time of peace. That they were 
 reputed Aliens appears by many sundry records, wherein judgment is demanded 
 if they shall be answered in actions brought by them.” He then gives the 
 pleadings in 28 Ed. III., where Simon Neal brought an action against William 
 Newlagh for breaking and entering his close at Clondalkin, near Dublin, being 
 the mode of defending one’s possession. 
 
 Newlagh pleaded that Neal was not one of the Five bloods ; but it was 
 found he was one of the O’Neals of Ulster, entitled to English law, and he kept 
 his land, which otherwise he had lost. “ Discoverie why Ireland was never 
 Entirely Subdued,” p. 638. 
 
334 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 ters by the Irish, and cattle carried off by each side. This 
 Colonel Michael Jones, Governor of Dublin, declared could 
 not be by the Irish unless by the connivance of their kindred 
 and friends, and tenants living protected within the English 
 quarters. It was conquerors’ logic. If questioned, it would 
 be made good by the sword. No Papist dared deny it. He 
 accordingly issued his Declaration (of and November, 1647), 
 making the Irish in the English quarters responsible for the 
 outrages committed on the persons, goods, and estates of the 
 Protestants by their kindred from the enemies’ quarters. But 
 the poor kindred, living “under protection” (the protection 
 of protectors who could not, or did not protect them), were 
 soon stripped bare. Colonel Hewson, who succeeded Colonel 
 Michael Jones as Governor of Dublin, issued another proclama¬ 
 tion on 25 February, 1649-50, declaring that such was the ne¬ 
 glect and contempt of the former proclamation by the protected 
 Irish that there were daily murders, robberies, and other most 
 cruel outrages committed by the Tories and rebels coming into 
 the English quarters without control or pursuit of the Papist 
 inhabitants. That it was through their fault he could and 
 would, if they doubted it, 
 
 “- coavince tLem by 
 
 Infallible artillery.” 
 
 The kindred, he stated, were difficult to be found out, and 
 when found were not worth the finding. 
 
 He accordingly ordained that all the inhabitants within 
 the English quarters (being Papists), that should suffer any 
 of the said Tories and rebels to pass through any of their baro¬ 
 nies, should contribute rateably with those of the barony where 
 the outrage was committed, unless within ten days they made 
 the criminals amenable. For a Cromwellian Lieut.-Colonel, 
 Major, or Captain murdered the fine on a barony was an 
 hundred pounds ; for other persons twenty pounds. It mat¬ 
 tered not that it was death for a Papist to have arms. He 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 335 
 
 was thus in danger to be shot by the Irish if he resisted, or if 
 he ran to raise the hue and cry, or to be stript by the English 
 if he didn’t.* 
 
 The levies under Colonel Jones’s declaration were styled 
 “ Kincogues,”^ or “ kindred monies those under Colonel 
 Hewson’s, “ prey monies.” Thus, a band of Tories, in the 
 county of Cork, rushed down, and carried back with them to 
 the hills the cows of some new imported English. There¬ 
 upon, on 26th December, 1653, John Percival and his Eng¬ 
 lish tenants were ordered to be repaired their losses, either 
 by the kindred of the Tories committing the outrage, if any 
 such should be found within the Precinct, or against the 
 Papist inhabitants of the adjacent baronies, or against both 
 the kindred and the baronies, as should be thought by the Com¬ 
 missioners of the Eevenue of the said Precinct most agree¬ 
 able to justice.^ 
 
 At the end of eighteen months from the time when the 
 
 1 Proclamation of Colonel Jones, Governor of Dublin, for robberies com¬ 
 mitted by the Tories . . . witbin tbo English quarters, to be answered by the 
 kindred of such as commit them. Dated 2nd November, 1647. 
 
 Proclamation of Colonel Hewson, Governor of Dublin, making the inhabi¬ 
 tants, whether of kin or not of kin, and the inhabitants of the baronies thi-ough 
 which the Tories passed, responsible. 25th February, 1650. MSS. Trin. Coll. 
 Dub., F. 3, 18. 
 
 Instructions for putting the above in execution by the Commissioners for 
 
 the Administration of Justice, and Commissioners of Eevenue. —, p. 72. 
 
 82 
 
 2 “Kincogues,” from “ cin” (crime, debt, and liability), and comrogns” 
 (kindred,- relations). By the Brehon law, unless the tribe outlawed an offender, 
 one of their kindred, they were collectively liable for his crime. (The statement 
 of the late John O’Donovan, LL. D.). Among the statutes objected to by 
 Spenser was the iith Edw. IV., chap. 4, whereby the custom of Kin-cogish (as 
 he calls it) was made law. By that statute every head of every sept, and every 
 head of every kindred, should be bound to bring forth every one of that sept or 
 kindred charged with any crime. Spenser’s “View of Ireland,” p. 451. 
 
 ^ ’ p. 10. Reparation to be made for English killed by Tories in county 
 
 of Cork (at Lord Broghill’s instance), by the next of kin of such Tories in the 
 
33*5 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 rebels were declared to be subdued, and the war or rebellion 
 to be appeased or ended, and this great island for the first 
 time brought under the rule of the Parliament of England, 
 the means of the people under protection were exhausted ; 
 and the government, which always lives upon the sweat and 
 gold of the labouring classes, found its resources and supplies 
 to fail, and that they must change the system. 
 
 Accordingly, they issued their proclamation (iith Fe¬ 
 bruary, 1653-4), and thereby declared that the inhabitants of 
 this nation were so impoverished by paying for preys and out¬ 
 rages done by their kindred in arms, that the contribution was 
 in many places destroyed. They therefore forbade payment 
 for any past losses unless suffered since the month of May 
 previous ; and that, for the future, none should be demandable 
 unless claimed within one month after the injury suffered.' 
 
 These finings of the baronies having come to an end, 
 what measures, it may be asked, did the Cromwellian Govern¬ 
 ment adopt in case of murders ? In the month of March, 
 1655, eight of Doctor Petty’s surveyors, engaged in the 
 county of Kildare upon the survey of the confiscated estates 
 of the exiled or imprisoned Irish gentry, called the Down 
 Survey, were surprised by a party of Tories, headed by Blind 
 Donogh O’Derrig, or Doyle, and carried into the woods, and 
 
 Precinct, 21st July, 1653. —, p. 327. British inhabitants of Donaghedy to 
 
 82 
 
 be reimbursed by the Irish inhabitants of Strabane for losses by the incursion 
 of the Irish in March last. 23rd December, 1652. Ibid., p. 495. Papist in¬ 
 habitants of the barony of Dunboyne to pay £185 decreed to H. Mills and W. 
 Kennedy; the said inhabitants of Dunboyne to recover contribution against 
 the Papist inhabitants of Eatoatb and Deese, through which the enemy passed; 
 or against any barbourers of said Tories, or -who neglected to raise the hue and 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 337 
 
 there, after a kiad of drum-head court martial (where they, 
 probably, received a more orderly trial and better justice than 
 thousands of the countrymen of Blind Donogh), were, so the 
 English called it, barbarously murdered.^ Rewards of £30 were 
 offered for Blind Donogh’s head; £20 for his lieutenant’s, 
 Dermod Ryan ; and £5 a piece for those of his men.^ They 
 seem all to have been taken in the very house whence they 
 carried the surveyors to the woods. For another murder the 
 whole town of Timolin were ordered to transplant at once to 
 Connaught.® But they seem to have been sheltered by the 
 officers of the neighbourhood, as well, probably, because of 
 their innocence as their usefulness ; for the Governor received 
 a reprimand for his slackness, and an order to see the trans¬ 
 plantation carried out. At the same time the Government 
 issued a proclamation complaining of the little effect of their 
 previous orders and declarations, for the prevention of the 
 many murders and spoils committed on the poor inhabitants 
 of this nation by Tories, Irish rebels, and other desperate per¬ 
 sons. The Irish had been driven, they said, from garrisons, 
 castles, and places of strength, to bogs and woods. There 
 they lurked, watching for opportunities to commit murders 
 and outrages, which, through the blessing of the Lord might 
 be prevented, if the Irish inhabitants of this nation did not 
 (contrary to the proclamations published) privately succour 
 them ; while sundry persons not giving such relief were daily 
 taken out of their houses in the night time, and sometimes set 
 upon as they travel upon the highway, or are surprised by 
 these desperate persons, and carried into woods and bogs, 
 and there murdered or kept in a miserable manner, in cold, 
 nakedness, and hunger, and their houses burned, and their 
 goods carried away until they pay a ransom. 
 
 ‘ Supra, p. 206. * “ ) P- 
 
 A 
 
 3 —, p. 42. 
 
 30 
 
 z 
 
33^ 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 For a remedy, four pei’sons of the neighbourhood, of the 
 Irish nation and Popish religion, were to be taken, and after 
 twenty-eight days transported to the English plantations in 
 America, if the criminals were not previously made amenable; 
 and all the Irish inhabitants of the Popish religion of the 
 barony were to be transplanted except such as might prove 
 their Constant good affection to the tyrants of their country. 
 But no laws bind, no punishments can restrain outraged na¬ 
 ture. The hatred of the Irish to their tyrants increased with 
 their increasing severity.' 
 
 Denis Brennan and Murtagh Turner, persons lately in the 
 army and pay of the State, troopers of Colonel Hewson (pro¬ 
 bably conformers to English religion), being engaged near the 
 Castle of Lackagh, in the same county of Kildare repairing 
 houses of some of the transplanted inhabitants, were barba¬ 
 rously murdered, to the great terror of the rest of the peace¬ 
 able inhabitants of the county.^ All the Irish of Lackagh of 
 the Popish religion (except four who were hanged for the 
 benefit of the rest), to the number of thirty-seven—being 
 three priests, twenty-one women, and thirteen men, were, on 
 27th November, 1655, delivered to Captain Coleman, of the 
 Wexford frigate, for transportation to the Barbadoes.® The 
 names of the priests were James Tuite, Robert Keegan, and 
 John Foley. There was also the wife of Blind Donogh, and 
 the whole family of Mr. Henry Fitzgerald, of Lackagh Castle.* 
 Mr. Fitzgerald’s case was one of great hardship He and his 
 wife, Mrs. Margery Fitzgerald (both of the house of Kildare) 
 were fourscore years and upwards, and no one could charge 
 them with being Tories or countenancing them, and they 
 
 1 Dated at Dublin, igtb April, 1655. “ Perfect Proceedings of State,” &c., 
 
 p. 4676. 
 
 2 —, p. 260. 
 
 3 Ibid., p. 295. 
 
 < Ibid., p. 303. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 339 
 
 could scarcely be deemed guilty of not running after them 
 with the hue and cry. The Tories, too, had frequently de¬ 
 spoiled them. Yet they, with their son Maurice, their 
 daughters Margery and Bridget, Mary, the widow of their 
 eldest son, Henry, with their man servant and maid servant, 
 had to lie in prison till the ship could be got ready to carry 
 them with the rest of this miserable cargo.^ They were as¬ 
 signed to the correspondents of Mr. Norton, a Bristol mer¬ 
 chant and sugar planter, who was to be at the charge of trans¬ 
 porting them to the Indian Bridges, now called Barbadoes. 
 
 But these severities only exasperated the Tories, who 
 were quickened to action by the sight of their ancient gentry 
 begging at the usurpers’ doors. What must they not have felt 
 to see Lord Koche of Fermoy and his daughters reduced to 
 beggary, andforeed to walk on foot to Connaught,^ to end their 
 days there in some cabin, while their ancient inheritance was 
 divided between the cornet of some English regiment of horse 
 and his troop ? 
 
 “ That such a worthy man as he 
 Should thus be put to shift; 
 
 Being late a lord of high degree. 
 
 Of living quite bereft.’’^ 
 
 What the feelings of John, the brother of Christian, An- 
 stace, and Kate Roche, daughters of Jordan Roche of Limerick, 
 to behold his sisters reduced from the affluence of a landed 
 estate of £2000 a year to nothing to live on but what they 
 could earn by their needles, and by washing and wringing— 
 
 * “ Continuation of the Brief Narrative ; and the Sufferings of Ireland under 
 Cromwell, pp 7, 8. [By Father Peter "Walsh.] 4to. London: 1660. 
 
 2 See above, p. 182, and Appendix I. 
 
 2 Ballad of Robin Ilood. 
 
340 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 their father’s lands in the Liberties of Limerick being divided 
 amongst the gentlemen of Cromwell’s Life Guard ?* 
 
 Or of John Luttrell, transplanted with his wife and chil¬ 
 dren from the ancient family estate of Luttrellstown, near 
 Dublin, worth £2500 a year in 1640,^ where for four hundred 
 years his ancestors had fixed their affections and their name, 
 into the barony of Clare in Galway, and there to hear of his 
 four sisters begging the Council Board for some relief, and 
 given ten pounds a piece, and bidden for the future not to 
 expect any further gratuity or allowance from that Board 
 But how must the feelings of national hatred have been 
 heightened, by seeing everywhere crowds of such unfortu¬ 
 nates, their brothers, cousins, kinsmen, and by beholding the 
 whole country given up a prey to hungry, insolent soldiers 
 and Adventurers from England, mocking their wrongs, and 
 triumphing in their own irresistible power! 
 
 Inspired by such sights, bands of desperate men formed 
 themselves into bodies, under the leadership of some dispos¬ 
 sessed gentleman, who had retired into the wilds when the 
 
 1 “ To the Right Honourable Commissioners of Commonwealth of England 
 for y<^ Affairs of Ireland." 
 
 “ The humble petition of Christian Roche, Anstace Roche, Cate Roche, and 
 John Roche, the children of Alderman Jordan Roche, deceased, sheweth that 
 Alderman Jordan Roche deC^. dyed seized of a vast reall estate to the value of 
 £2000 a year, and likewise of a considerable personal estate, all which devolved 
 and came to the puhlique : That your poore petitioners are in a sadd and de¬ 
 plorable condition for want of sustenance or mayntenance, and have nothing to 
 live on but what they erne by their needles and by washing and wringinge.” 
 
 They pray a competent provision out of their father’s estate,—“an acte very 
 charitable and suitable to y® civility of y” English government.” 
 
 “ Petition referred to the Commissioners of Limerick precinct, to enquire 
 and report in what qualification of the Act of Settlement this falls. Dated 
 April, 1654.” Records of the late Auditor-General’s Office. 
 
 A 
 
 ^ -,p. 147. 
 
 3 Treasury Warrants, p. 194; 6th April, 1657. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 341 
 
 rest of the army he belonged to laid down arms, or “ran 
 out” again after submitting, and resumed them rather than 
 transplant to Connaught.* He soon found associates, for the 
 country was full of swordmen, though 40,000 took conditions 
 from the King of Spain. Others came back from Spain with 
 arms.’* 
 
 They resolved no longer to wait for the aid of the French 
 or Spaniards. “ Are we alone,” they said one to another, “of 
 all the nations of the world, not thought fit to live in our own 
 country? Are we alone like the profanest outlaws, to be 
 driven from our native soil ? Shall we still linger here, to 
 show foreign nations the distinguishing mark the English have 
 set upon us ?”^ 
 
 * " 2-jth August, 1656. Notwithstanding the several orders wherein several 
 days and times have been prefixed by which Papist proprietors of lands were to 
 remove themselves, as also their wives and children, to Connaught, whereto 
 some have yielded obedience, and many others in several parts do refuse, and from 
 thence have taken occasion to run out again into the boggs, woods, and other 
 the fastnesses and desert places of the land, to commit murders and robberies 
 
 upon the well affected.” —, p. 171. 
 
 10 
 
 > “ 2^th January, 1656. That Irish Papists who had been licensed to de¬ 
 part this nation, and of late years have been transplanted into Spain, Flanders, 
 and other foreign parts, have nevertheless secretly returned into Ireland 
 
 with arms, occasioning the increase of Tories and other lawless persons.” 
 A 
 
 j, p. 349. 
 
 ® And this spirit (with new-made mockery) survives at the end of two 
 hundred years. 
 
 FLIGHT OP THE IRISH RA.TS TO AMERICA. 
 
 “Some years ago a West Indiaman had discharged its cargo in one of our 
 docks at home. The ship -was plagued by rats as never ship had been plagued. 
 Theii- devastations, their noise, their odour, their destructions, had been beyond 
 mortal endurance, but there was no remedy. The captain, who was still on 
 board, was waked at midnight by bis mate, and asked to step on deck as quickly 
 as he could. A fruit ship had arrived from the Mediterranean, and on coming 
 alongside had passed a hawser to the West Indiaman. ‘ Look there !’ whispered 
 the mate, pointing to the rope, which, in the darkness, seemed to be moving slowly 
 
 \ 
 
342 
 
 THE CROJIWELHAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 There now came forth a Declaration (24th January, 
 1654-5), that no quarter should be given to any Irish in arms, 
 in consequence of several murders and outrages then lately 
 done by wicked and bloody rebels of the Irish nation. Not¬ 
 withstanding all those sore and grievous judgments of the 
 Lord upon the nation, and the great misery and spoil thereof, 
 and the mercy and favour extended by the Parliament of 
 England to all that would live peaceably [as slaves] under the 
 English government, they would still (so the Declaration said) 
 keep up their attacks. Courts Martial of five officers, one to 
 be a field officer, were now erected through the country, to 
 try and execute or punish according to their deserts, not 
 merely the Tories, and their harbourers and relievers (being 
 of the Irish nation), but those not giving timely notice to the 
 next garrison.' 
 
 towards the fruit ship. It was alive with rats, which, in a continuous stream, 
 were migrating from the empty ship to the stranger, whose fragrance told the tale 
 of its delicious freight. Before sunrise there was not a rat left onboard the West 
 Indiaman. How it fared with the stranger it is needless to say. That is the 
 very spectacle we are now witnessing on a world-wide scale. The hawser is 
 across the Atlantic ; and in one incessant endless train hundreds of thousands of 
 our fellow-citizens (!) are passing to the richer Continent. We are disposed to 
 take a philosophical view of the matter. Small holdings are already almost gone. 
 Pasturage and large farms have taken their place. The face of the earth is Angli¬ 
 cised, says Dr. Ingram, and so too ought the social condition of the peasant and 
 the laws which affect it to be. But the Irish peasant would not he an English 
 agricultural labourer if he could. He will not endure that divorce from the soil 
 which Mr. Cobden thinks a national disgrace and calamity. He will not stake 
 all his property on the honour and gratitude of a good master. He will be his own 
 master ; and, as such, he feels himself as good as any man. So he stands up for 
 his class, and feels with his class, and conspires with it. No iron has entered 
 into his soul: he has not bent his neck to the yoke, and borne this burden be¬ 
 cause the land was good. The balance of comfort is on the side of the English 
 labourers ; but it is a comfort he despises. It is, he thinks, a comfort without 
 rights, a comfort without dignity, a comfort without prospects.” “ Times” Article. 
 
 London : 4th December, 1863. 
 
 A 
 
 ‘ -7’ P' 
 
 26 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 343 
 
 A price was now set upon their heads.* The ordinary price 
 for the head of a Tory was 40s.; but for leaders of Tories, or 
 distinguished men, it varied from £5 to £30. 
 
 In a proclamation of 3rd October, 1655, already referred 
 to,* there was offered to any that should bring in the persons 
 hereafter named, or their heads, to the governors of any of 
 the counties where the said Tories should be taken, the fol¬ 
 lowing sums, viz. : for Donnogh O’Derrick, commonly called 
 “ Blind Donnogh,” the sum of £30 ; for Dermot Ryan, the 
 sum of £20; for James Leigh, the sum of £5 ; for Laughlin 
 Kelly, the sum of £5 ; or for any other Tory, thief, or robber 
 that should be hereafter taken by any countryman, and brought 
 dead or alive to any of the chief governors of any county or 
 precinct, 40s.; and if taken and brought by any soldier, 20s.* 
 Under a similar proclamation, there appears paid, by a Treasury 
 Warrant, to Captain Adam Loftus, on the 12th May, 1657, 
 the sum of £20, for taking Daniel Kennedy, an Irish Tory,— 
 his head being sent to Catherlough, to set up on the castle 
 walls, to the terror of other malefactors.* And in April of 
 the same year, to Lieutenant Francis Rowlestone, the sum of 
 £6 13s. 4(/., the same being in consideration of the good ser¬ 
 vices by him performed in December last. In killing two 
 Tories, viz. : Henry Archer, formerly a lieutenant in the Irish 
 army, then a chief leading Tory ; and William Shaffe, brogue- 
 maker, then under his command; whose heads were brouglit 
 to the town of Kilkenny, unto Major Redmond there, as ap¬ 
 pears by his certificate, dated 9th of April instant.® 
 
 It is only by an inspection of the public accounts one ean 
 gain an adequate notion of the vast number killed in this way 
 
 I*. 206, supra. 
 
 3 A 
 
 * —, V- 24 '- 
 ® Ibid., p. 224. 
 
 ‘ Ti'easiiry Warrants p. 240. 
 
344 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 like wolves. On February 6, 1653-4, to Lieutenant Jaques, 
 £20 for the head of John Byrne, a notorious Tory of the 
 county of Wicklow, delivered to the Governor of Dublin.* 
 June 14, 1654, to Major Henry Jones, £10 for the soldiers 
 that killed and took prisoners the Tories in the county of 
 Wicklow.^ January 9, 1654-5, to Major David Shorne, for 
 the heads of many Tories brought to Athlone, £ 20 .^ May 14, 
 1655, to Nicholas Pow:er, of Knockmore, for the head of one 
 Daniel Mulcahy, a notorious and known Tory, delivered to 
 the governor of Dungarvan, £ 2 .* 
 
 But there were other modes of dealing'for the suppression 
 of Tories. The English, whether as soldiers or planters, were 
 incapable of coping with these wild and lightfooted outlaws, 
 who knew each togher (or footpath) through the quaking 
 bogs, and every pass among the hills and woods. They were, 
 therefore, under the necessity of calling in the aid of some of 
 the countrymen of the Tories, who were equally skilled in the 
 knowledge of the country, and were familiar with the habits 
 and secrets of these outlaws. They either dealt with some 
 Irish gentleman, for the guarding of a district, and pursuing 
 of the Tories within it, on the terms of his being spared 
 from transplantation for his services; or they found means 
 to agree with any Tory not guilty of any previous murder, to 
 murder any two of his comrades as the price of his own 
 pardon. 
 
 Life at this time had become of little value ; there was no 
 public cause to maintain ; the armies had surrendered. Men 
 were like wolves lying out in the w'oods and bogs of this de- 
 
 A 
 
 ' V- 72 - 
 
 ”■ Order Book of Council, vol. x., p. 28. Late Auditor-General’s Eecords. 
 
 A 
 
 * —, p. 216. 
 
 ^ Auditor-General’s Records, vol. x., p. 22. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 345 
 
 solated island, their friends and families dead or banished. It 
 is no wonder that, between threats and rewards, men should 
 be tempted to betray and murder one another. Major Mor¬ 
 gan’s boast, however, that brothers and cousins cut one 
 another’s throats, is only one of those calumnies this ill-fated 
 country has for ages been the victim of. On the contrary, 
 their inviolable fidelity throughout all ages to those that defend 
 their cause has oftener afforded matter of reproach to their 
 revilers. 
 
 Arms and ammunition were now intrusted to Irishmen to 
 hunt and kill Tories,* just as they were employed to kill 
 wolves. Thus, on 14th October, 1659, there was an order em¬ 
 powering Colonel Henry Prettie to employ twenty Irish with 
 guns and ammunition into the counties of Carlow and Kil¬ 
 kenny, for three months, to find and destroy the Tories in the 
 said counties.’* And a similar order for Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Nelson in King’s and Queen’s Counties. They frequently may 
 have shot others besides Tories and got paid for their heads ; 
 but the Commissioners of Parliament no doubt, thought they 
 could not shoot amiss, so they shot somebody,^ and no great 
 loss if somebody shot them. 
 
 But not only were common Irish employed against the 
 Tories, but gentlemen, as Major Charles Kavanagh, one of 
 the M'^Murrough family,—a family which retained great pos¬ 
 sessions in the county of Carlow, in consideration of their 
 being of those Irishmen that first brought Englishmen into 
 Ireland,* but which they were now to forfeit. To reduce the 
 Tories of the county of Carlow, the government in the year 
 
 '^,p. 74 - “Id., ib. 
 
 “ “ He [O’Neil] might hang 500 each year. He could not hang amiss, so 
 he hangs somebody.” Captain Lee to Queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1594. “Desiderata 
 Curiosa Hibernica,” vol. i., p. loS. 
 
 * “ State Papers of Henry VIII.” (Ireland), vol. ii., p. 571. 
 
346 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 1656, came to an agreement with Major Charles Kavanaghto 
 dispense with his transplantation to Connaught, and with that 
 of thirteen Irishmen, of his own selection as his assistants, for 
 the purpose of prosecuting and destroying Tories in that 
 county, and in the adjoining counties of Wicklow, Wexford, 
 and Kilkenny.* Major Kavanagh selected the stump of the 
 old castle of Archagh (otherwise Agha), a waste place lying 
 in the barony of Idrone, as the post for him and his band to 
 inhabit, as being situate in the centre of the three counties of 
 Wexford, Carlow, and Kilkenny; and a lease was made of it 
 by the State to Major Boulton (who seems to have been the me¬ 
 dium of communication with Major Kavanagh), in order that 
 he might assign it over to him for his residence and habitation.2 
 This place lay four miles due East of Leighlin Bridge, and in 
 some degree may have watched the approaches against the ad¬ 
 vance of any Tories from the Wicklow hills. Major Kavanagh 
 was no Tory, but, having laid down arms, was quietly awaiting 
 his transplantation. 
 
 But others, wilder and more desperate, “ran out:” 
 amongst these was Gerald Kinsellagh, who appears in the 
 survey of 1653 as forfeiting a large estate of 1420 acres, con¬ 
 sisting of the lands of Kynogh, Kiledmond, Kilcoursey, and 
 other lands in the county of Carlow. He became “ a leading 
 Tory,” and with him the Government entered into terms for 
 pursuing and destroying his fellow-Tories. The same Lieute¬ 
 nant Francis Rowlestone who was paid for the heads of two 
 Tories killed by him, and who probably, in his frequent con¬ 
 flicts with them, had earned their respect and confidence (for 
 the brave respect the brave), had a warrant from the State in 
 1659 to treat with this Gerald (or Garrett) Kinsellagh and two 
 other Tories of the neighbourhood, “ then abroad and on 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 347 
 
 their keeping,” and to promise them their security and liberty 
 on condition of their hunting down other Tories who were 
 abroad disturbing the public peace.' 
 
 But national hatred, as has been remarked, is the firmest 
 bond of association and secrecy.^ The Irish, who had seen 
 their country desolated, and their ancient gentry driven olF to 
 Connaught to make way for strangers of a new creed and new 
 manners, would give no assistance to the law. They declined 
 to aid a system contrived for the degradation of their race, 
 and the benefit of their oppressors. They thought it not an 
 honour, but rather a disgrace, in such circumstances, to be a 
 law-abiding people. 
 
 The farmers found their condition improved under the 
 Cromwellians, but that did not reconcile them to the slavery 
 of their country. They could almost command their own 
 terms ; for there were more landlords looking for tenants, than 
 farmers looking for farms. Accordingly, they were for this 
 cause never more wanton and insolent (says Lynch) than in 
 1655.® Moreover, the Cromwellians were able to give their 
 land cheap, for it had cost them nothing. Just as Little John, 
 in measuring out the livery ordered by Robin Hood to the 
 poor knight, could give him three folds over at the end of 
 every bow’s length that he used instead of a yard : 
 
 , A 
 
 77’P-57. 
 
 2 “ The conspiracy [of the Greeks against the Latins, then in possession of 
 Constantinople, A. D. 1205] was propagated by national hatred, the firmest bond 
 of association and secrecy.’’ Gibbon’s “ Decline and Fall of the Eoman Em¬ 
 pire,” vol. X., ch. 61. 
 
 ’ “ Alithonologia, sive Veridica Responsio, &c.” “The Truth Told ; ora 
 true Answer to the invective, full of falsehoods, fallacies, and calumnies, against 
 many of the Priests, Nobles, and Irish of every rank, delivered by R[ichard] 
 F[arrell], C[apuchin], to the Propaganda, A. D. 1659,” vol. i., p. 136. Ry 
 Eudoxus Alithinologus [The Rev. John Lynch], St. Malo’s. 4to. 2 vols. 
 1664 and 1667. 
 
348 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ Scathelock stoode full styll and lough, 
 
 And sayd, By God Almyght, 
 
 Johan may gyve hym the better mesiire : 
 
 By God, it cost hym but lyght.”' 
 
 Those that would not themselves deal a blow against the 
 new proprietors and their tenants, yet saw them with silent 
 satisfaction terrified and bewildered at the sudden and secret 
 attacks upon their neighbours. They gave private intelligence 
 to the Tories to aid them to escape, or were simply passive; 
 and no penalties could force them to betray those whom they 
 looked on as avengers of the wrongs of gentry and people 
 alike. 
 
 The Cromwellian settlers lived in constant danger. So sud¬ 
 den and so frequent were the murders of the new planters, that 
 it was stated that no person was able to assure himself of one 
 night’s safety, except such as lived in strong castles, and these 
 well guarded, and they (adds the reporter) very liable to sur¬ 
 prise too. And after referring to the instances of the several 
 horrid murders lately committed in the counties of Wexford, 
 Kildare, and Carlow, and elsewhere, he continues,—“ Of 
 which number one gentleman living in a strong castle, and 
 sitting by the fire with his wife and family in the evening, heard 
 some persons, whose voice he knew, call him by name to come 
 to his gate to speak with him ; the poor gentleman, supposing 
 no danger in a country where no enemy was heard of, pre¬ 
 sently went to the door, and was there murthered, where he 
 was taken up dead off the place. Another of them, walking 
 in his grounds in the day time, about his business, was there 
 found murthered, and to this day it could never be learned 
 who committed either of them. And when these horrid mur- 
 thers are done, the poor English that doe escape know not 
 
 ‘ “ALyttell Geste of Robyn Hode.” 4to. Black Letter, by Wynken do 
 Worde. Part i. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 349 
 
 ■what means to use. As for his Irish neighbours, it’s like he 
 may not have one near him that can speak English ; and if he 
 have an hue and cry (or hullaloo as they call it) to be set up, 
 they will be sure to send it the wrong way, or at least deferr 
 it until the offender be far enough out of reach ; and not un¬ 
 like but the persons that seem busiest in the pursuit may be 
 them that did the mischief.”' 
 
 But a more effective way of suppressing Tories seems to 
 have been to induce them, as already mentioned, to betray or 
 murder one another,—a measure continued after the Kestora- 
 tion, during the absence of Parliaments, by Acts and Orders 
 of State, and re-enacted by the first Parliament summoned 
 after the Kevolution, when in that and the following reigns 
 almost every provision of the rule of the Parliament of Eng¬ 
 land in Ireland was re-enacted by the Parliaments of Ireland, 
 composed of the Soldiers and Adventurers of Cromwell’s day, 
 or new English and Scotch capitalists. In 1695 any Tory 
 killing two other Tories proclaimed and on their keeping was 
 entitled to pardon.^ Such distrust and alarm nowensued among 
 their bands on finding one of their number so killed, that it 
 became difficult to kill a second. Therefore, in 1718, it was 
 declared sufficient qualification for pardon for a Tory to kill 
 one of his fellow-Tories.^ This law was continued in 1755 for 
 twenty-one years, and only expired in 1776. Tory hunting 
 and Tory murdering thus became common pursuits. No 
 wonder, therefore, after so lengthened an existence, to find 
 traces of the Tories in our household words. Few, however, 
 are now aware that the well-known Irish nursery rhymes have 
 so truly historical a foundation : — 
 
 ' “ England’s Great Interest in the Well Planting of Ireland -with English 
 People,’’p. 7. By Colonel Richard Lawrence. 4to. Dublin: 1656. 
 
 2 7 Will. 3 (Irish), c. 2i. 
 
 3 9 Will. 3 (Irish), c. 9. 
 
35° 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 “ Ho ! brother Teig, what is yonr story ?” 
 
 “ I went to the wood, and shot a Tory 
 “ I went to the wood, and shot another 
 “ "Was it the same, or was it his brother F" 
 
 “ I hunted him in, I hunted him out. 
 
 Three times through the hog, and about and about; 
 
 Till out of a bush I spied his head. 
 
 So I levelled my gun, and shot him dead.”i 
 
 At the Restoration, some of the gentry of old English de¬ 
 scent, who had good interest at court, got back their estates. 
 Others, of equal loyalty, obtained decrees of the Court of 
 Claims to be restored to their ancient inheritances; hut as the 
 adventurers and soldiers in possession were not to be removed 
 without being first reprised—that is, provided with other lands 
 of equal value (which were not to be had)—the dispossessed 
 owners, especially the ancient Irish, were never restored, but 
 wandered many of them about their ancient inheritances, 
 living upon the bounty of their former tenants, or joined some 
 band of Tories.^ The poor Irish peasantry, with a generosity 
 
 1 Crofton Croker’s “ Sketches in the South of Ireland,” p. 54. 4to. Lon¬ 
 don : 1824. 
 
 ^ In a manuscript account of the state of the county of Kildare, A. D. 1684, 
 is the following;—“ In the open or plain countreys the peasants are content to 
 live on their labour; the woods, boggs, and fastnesses fostering and sheltering 
 the robbers, Tories, and woodkernes, who are usually the offspring of gentlemen 
 that have either misspent or forfeited their estates, who, though having no sub¬ 
 sistence, yet contemn trade as being too mean and base for a gentleman reduced 
 never so low, being tiussled up by their priests and followers in an opinion that 
 they may yet recover their lands to live on in their predecessors’ splendour ; 
 yet the robberies, and burglaries, and other crimes usually committed in this 
 kingdom, are not so numerous, but there are commonly sentenced to die in a 
 monthly sessions att the Old Bailey more than in half a year’s circuit in Ire¬ 
 land.” Folio volume, endorsed “ Detached Papers relating to the Natural 
 History of Ireland.” Press I., tab. i., vol. ii., p. 296, MSS. Trin. Coll. 
 Dublin. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 characteristic of their race and country, never refused them 
 hospitality, but maintained them as gentlemen, allowing them 
 to cosher upon them, as the Irish called the giving their lord 
 a certain n'Umber of days’ board and lodging. Archbishop 
 King complains of the numbers thus supported, or by steal¬ 
 ing and Torying. These pretended gentlemen, together with 
 the numerous coshering Popish clergy that lived much after 
 the same manner, were the two greatest grievances of the 
 kingdom in this Archbishop’s view, and more especially hin¬ 
 dered its settlement and happiness.* The Archbishop and the 
 possessors of the lands of these gentlemen complained much 
 of their pride and idleness in not becoming their labourers. 
 But the sense of injustice, and their use of arms, were against 
 it. Their sons or nephews, brought up in poverty, and 
 matched with peasant girls, will become the tenants of the 
 English officers and soldiers ; and, thence reduced to labourers, 
 will be found the turf-cutters and potato-diggers of the next 
 generation—yet keeping, even in the low social rank they 
 have fallen to, their ancient spirit and courage, and their in¬ 
 tolerance of injury and insult. These dispossessed proprie¬ 
 tors were the pretended Irish gentlemen that would not work, 
 but wandered about demanding victuals, and coshering from 
 house to house among their fosterers, followers, and others, 
 described in the Act of 1707 “ for the more effectual Suppress¬ 
 ing of Tories,” and were (on presentment of any grand jury 
 of the counties they frequented) to be seized and sent on 
 board the Queen’s fleet, or to some of the plantations in Ame¬ 
 rica.* The grandfathers of men now alive have seen the heir 
 or representative of the old forfeiting proprietor of 1688 wan- 
 
 * Eling’s “ State of the Protestants of Ireland under the Government of King 
 James the Second,” p. 87. 8vo. Dublin; 1730. See also “ A Tour through 
 Ireland,” p. 147. Dublin : 1748. 
 
 ^ 6 Ann (Irish), c. 2. 
 
352 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 dering about with his ancient title-deeds tied up in an old 
 handkerchief—these and the respect paid him by the peasantry 
 being the only signs left to show the world he was a gentle¬ 
 man. 
 
 The Tories, however, notwithstanding all these provisions 
 and precautions, continued to infest the new Seotch and Eng¬ 
 lish settlers during the whole of the Commonwealth period ; 
 they survived the Restoration; they received new accessions 
 by the war of the Revolution and the forfeitures of 1688; and 
 they can be traced through the Statute Book to the reign of 
 George III., during the whole of which period there were re¬ 
 wards set upon their heads ; and all their murders, maimings, 
 and dismemberments, their robberies and spoils, were satisfied 
 by levies on the ancient native inhabitants of the different 
 districts. 
 
 After the Restoration, Colonel Poer in Munster, Colonel 
 Coughlan in Leinster, and Colonel Dudley (or Dualtagh) 
 Costello in Connaught, dispossessed of their hereditary pro¬ 
 perties, headed bands that gave infinite trouble. Redmond 
 O’Hanlon, a dispossessed proprietor of Ulster, during the 
 whole of the Duke of Ormond’s and the Earl of Essex’s Lord 
 Lieutenancies, kept the counties of Tyrone and Armagh in 
 terror, the farmers paying him regular contribution to be pro¬ 
 tected from pillage by other Tories. His history is charac¬ 
 teristic of Ireland. The O’Hanlons and Magennises were the 
 only friends of Queen Elizabeth in Ulster.* O’Hanlon was 
 the chief of Orier, in the county of Armagh, and claimed to 
 be hereditary royal standard-bearer north of the Boyne. In 
 1595, in the war against Hugh O’Neil, in the march of the 
 Deputy Sir W. Russel from Dundalk, the royal standard was 
 
 * “ Brief Declaration of the Government of Ireland, discovering the Discon¬ 
 tents of the Irishry.” By Captain Thomas Lee, A. D. 1594. “ Desiderata 
 
 Curiosa Hibernica,” vol. i., p. 140. 
 
OK IRELAND. 
 
 353 
 
 borne the first day by O’Mulloy, and the next by O’Hanlon.' 
 On the 17th November, 1600, he was slain at the pass ofCar- 
 lingford, fighting on the English side, under the orders of 
 Lord Mountjoy. For his loyalty and his services in this war 
 against the Earl of Tyrone, King James I. bestowed upon his 
 family seven townlands. These were, of course, taken from 
 them by the orders of the English Parliament in 1653 > 
 they were transplanted to Connaught, where the mother re¬ 
 ceived some pittance of land for her support. At the Eesto- 
 tion Hugh O’Hanlon petitioned to have their lands restored," 
 but in vain. Redmond O’Hanlon, who was probably a brother 
 of Hugh’s, took to the hills. He principally haunted the Fews 
 Mountains, near Dundalk. He thought more than once of 
 withdrawing to France, where he was known to fame as Count 
 O’Hanlon, but was still kept back by rumours of a war, and 
 hopes of a French invasion." Various attempts were made to 
 surprise him, and large bribes offered for his capture. But 
 all was of no avail. At last, the Duke of Ormond draw¬ 
 ing secret instructions for two gentlemen with his own hand 
 (else this outlaw would be sure to get intelligence of the plan 
 formed against him), he was shot through the heart, while he 
 lay asleep, on the 25th of April, 1681.‘ 
 
 1 Sir Richard Cox’s “ Ilibernia Anglicana,” p. 407. 
 
 2 Petition of Hugh 0 ’Hanlon, A. D. 1663, claiming as an “ innocent Papist,” 
 MS., folio (series of twelve volumes relating to Acts of Settlement and Expla¬ 
 nation), vol. ii., B., p. 335. Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 " “ Present State of Ireland, but more particularly of Ulster,” by Edmund 
 Murphy, Secular Priest, and titular Chanter of Armagh, and one of the first 
 discoverers of the Irish Plot. Folio. London ; 1681. 
 
 * Daniel O’Keeffe, a similar outlaw in the county of Cork, was betrayed by 
 Mary O’Kclly, his mistress, whose treachery, however, O’Keeffe avenged by 
 plunging his dagger into her heai t before taking to flight, as in the following 
 lines :— 
 
 “No more shall mine ear drink 
 Tby melody swelling ; 
 
 2 A 
 
3?4 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 Art O’Hanlon, a fosterer of Kedraond’s, was employed to 
 kill him. He and one O’Sheel metEedmond, by appointment, 
 in the hills near Eight-mile-bridge, in the county of Down, 
 where Redmond intended to make prey of some tra.ders com¬ 
 ing from a fair. As Redmond was at this time “ proclaimed,” 
 with an hundred pounds on his head, he had O’Sheel placed 
 as a “ centinel perdu” to watch the approach of any enemies, 
 and meanwhile rested himself in a solitary cabin guarded by 
 Art O’Hanlon. About two o’clock in the afternoon, as he lay 
 asleep, expecting no treachery at the hands of his comrade 
 and fosterer. Art fired the contents of his blunderbuss into 
 Redmond’s breast, and then ran off to Eight-mile-bridge to 
 get help to secure the body. O’Sheel, however, who was not 
 party to the treachery, hearing the shot, ran to the cabin, and 
 found Redmond still alive, who besought him to cut off his 
 head at once with his “ skeane,” and not leave it to become 
 the scoff of his enemies ; but to carry it off and hide in some 
 
 “ Or thy beaming eye brighten 
 The outlaw’s dark dwelling; 
 
 Or thy soft heaving bosom 
 My destiny hallow, 
 
 When thy arms twine around me, 
 
 Young Mauriade ny Eallagh. 
 
 “ The moss couch I brought thee 
 To-day from the mountain 
 Has drunk the last drop 
 
 Of thy young heart’s red fountain : 
 
 For this good skeane beside me 
 Struck deep, and rung hollow 
 In thy bosom of treason, 
 
 Young Mauriade ny Kallagh.” 
 
 “ Dublin Penny Journal,” vol. iv., No. 165 (August 29, 1835), p. 71. 
 
 Mauriade ny Kallagh is the Irish for Mary O’KeUy. “ 0 ” is “ son of.” 
 
 Women used the prefix “ ny,” instead—as “ Honora ny Brien,” “ Katherine ny 
 
 Donohue,” “ Sarah ny Donnel.” 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 35? 
 
 bow hole, O’Sheel, however, allowed him to die (he had not 
 
 O ' 
 
 long to wait), and then ran off with it, so that when the guard 
 arrived with Art, they found only the headless trunk. This 
 they carried into Newry, and there it was publicly exposed 
 for a couple of days under a guard of soldiers.* The head 
 was afterwards recovered from O’Sheel, and placed over the 
 gate of the gaol of Downpatrick. The following was his mo¬ 
 ther’s “ keene — 
 
 “ Dear head of my darling, how gory and pale 
 These aged eyes see thee high spiked on their jail ; 
 
 That cheek in the summer time ne’er shall grow warm, 
 
 Nor that eye e’er catch light but the flash of the storm.” 
 
 “ Thus fell this Irish Scanderbeg,” says Sir Francis Brewster, 
 who had the relation of his death from the mouth of one of 
 the gentlemen employed by the Duke, “ who did things, con¬ 
 sidering his means, more to be admired that Scanderbeg 
 himself.”* 
 
 After the war of 1688, the Tories reeeived fresh accessions; 
 and, a great part of the kingdom being left waste and desolate, 
 they betook themselves to these wilds, and greatly discouraged 
 the replanting of the kingdom by their frequent murders of 
 the new Scotch and English Planters ; the Irish “ choosing 
 rather” (so runs the language of the Act) “ to suffer strangers 
 to be robbed and despoiled, than to apprehend or convict 
 the offenders.” In order, therefore, for the better encourage¬ 
 ment of strangers to plant and inhabit the kingdom, any per¬ 
 sons presented as Tories by the gentlemen of a county, and 
 proclaimed as such by the Lord Lieutenant, might be shot as 
 
 ' From a very rare pamphlet, entitled, “ Redmond O’Hanlyn, or the Life 
 and Death of the Incomparable and Indefatigable Tory, Redmond O’Hanlyn, 
 commonly called Count Hanlyn, in a Letter to Mr. R. A., in Dublin.” [Dated 
 I August, 1681.] 4to. Printed for John Foster, Skinner-row. Dublin: 1682. 
 
 ’ Carte’s “Life of James Duke of Ormond,” vol. ii., p. 512. 
 
 2 A 2 
 
356 
 
 THE CROMWELLIAN SETTLEMENT 
 
 outlaws and traitors ; and any persons harbouring them were 
 to be guilty of high treason.* Rewards were offered for the 
 taking or killing of them ; and the inhabitants of the barony, 
 of the ancient native race, were to make satisfaction for all 
 robberies and spoils.'* If persons were maimed or dismem¬ 
 bered by Tories, they were to be compensated by ten pounds; 
 and the families of persons murdered were to receive thirty 
 pounds.® 
 
 As their leaders of gentle birth or blood died off, or were 
 killed, they were not replaced; but the ranks of these outlaws 
 were still recruited from the lower and the poorer class. 
 
 In this state they presented, at the end of thirty years, to 
 the historian of the war of the Revolution,* under the name 
 of Rapparees, an aspect so fierce, so wan, and wild, that his 
 commentator is appalled at the spectacle. He starts at the 
 “hideous ferocity” of these Irish, “remaining untameable 
 after so many ages, since British civilization was first planted 
 in Ireland ; exhibiting man, like the solitary hyena that could 
 neither be domesticated nor extirpated, prowling about the 
 grave of society rather than its habitation®—Ireland thereby 
 realizing the fate foretold for another nation—‘ I will bring 
 
 your sanctuaries and your land into desolation.and 
 
 your enemies who dwell therein shall be astonished at it.’”® 
 
 Like the same nation, too, the Irish of the seventeenth 
 century were “ scattered among all people, from one end of the 
 
 ' 9 Will. 3 (Irish), A. D. 1698, c. 9. 
 
 2 Ibid. ® Ibid. 
 
 ^ “ History of the late War” (1690-92), by Eev. W. Story. 4to. Loudon. 
 
 ® “Res Gestae Anglorum in Hibernia ab anno it 50 usque ad 1800; or, a 
 Supplement to the History of England,” prefixed to “ the Liber Munerum Pub- 
 licorum ; or, the Establishments of Ireland during 675 years being the Report 
 of Rowley Lascelles, of the Middle Temple, vol. i., p. 93. Ordered by the House 
 of Commons to be printed, 1814. 
 
 <■' Leviticus, xxvi., 31, 32. 
 
OF IRELAND. 
 
 357 
 
 earth unto the other,” carrying with them into foreign lands 
 their enduring hostility. They entered the armies of the 
 enemies of England, and (like the last of those accomplished 
 gentlemen, the Moors of Spain, who, driven from their native 
 Andalusia in i6io, became the first of those pirates called 
 Sallee Eovers, in hatred of the injustice of the Christians),* 
 they manned French privateers, robbing and insulting the 
 coasts of the land which had cast them out.*“ 
 
 * “ Mahommedan D3'nastie3 of Spain,” by an African author of the year 
 1620, vol. ii., p. 392. 4to. Printed for the Oriental Society. 
 
 • 9 'Will. 3 (Irish), A. D. 1698, c. 9, s. 5. 
 
 * 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 PETITION OF MAURICE VISCOUNT ROCHE, OF FERMOY. 
 
 (Page 182, supra.') 
 
 To the Right Hon. the Lords Justices of Ireland, the humhle Petition 
 0/Maurice Lord Viscount Roche, of Fermoy,^ 
 
 Most Humbly Sheweth, —That your Petitioner hath been seaven 
 yeares agoe dispossessed of his wholl estate, havinge the chardge of 
 Foure young daughters, unpreferred, to whose misery was added 
 the losse of their mother, your Petitioner’s wife, by an unjust 
 illegal proceeding, as is knowne and may be attested by the best Pro¬ 
 testant Nobility and Gentry oftheCountie ofCorke, who have heard 
 and seen it, and whose charitable compassion it moved; That your 
 said Petitioner and his said children ever since have lived in a most 
 disconsolate condition, destituted of all kind of subsistence (except 
 what Aimes some good Christians did in charity afford them), by 
 occasion whereof one of your Petitioner’s daughters, falling sick 
 about three years ago, died, for want of requisite accommodacon, 
 either for her cure or diett; That your Petitioner hath often sup¬ 
 plicated those in authority in the late Government for releefe, who 
 after ten months attendance in Dublin gave him no other succor but 
 an order to the Commissioners in Connaught tosettoutt some lands 
 for him, T)e hene esse, there or in the county of Clare; That your Peti- 
 
 ' Order Book of the Commissioners for executing the King’s Declaration, 
 late Auditor-General’s Office, Custom House Buildings, vol. xvii., p. 112. 
 
362 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 tioner being necessitated to goe from Dublin afoote toattende on them 
 in Athloneand Loughreagh for six moneths more (in which prose¬ 
 cution and attendance he ran himself £100 in debt), yet at last had 
 but 2500 acres, part in the Owles, in Connaught, and part in the 
 remotest parts of Thomond, all wast and unprofitable, at that time, 
 assigned him, both which, before and after, were by the sayd 
 Commissioners disposed of by Finall settlements to others, who 
 evicted your Petitioner thereout before he could receive any maner 
 of profitt, soe as that colour of succor and reliefe proved rather an 
 increase and addition of misery to your said Petitioner, who is now 
 in that very low condition that he cannot in person attend on your 
 Lordships, much less make a jorney to his sacred Majesty to sett 
 forth his sufferings and to implore releefe : 
 
 The premises tenderly considered, and for that it hath beene 
 unheard of in all former ages that a Peere of the Realm of English 
 extraction, though never so criminous, should be reduced to such 
 extremitie of misery, his cause not heard, and without conviction 
 or attainder by his Peeres or othervvise, contrary to the known 
 lawes of the land, and the rights and privileges of the Nobilitie and 
 Peerage; and for that your Petitioner is in that forlorne condition 
 that he cannot any longer hould out unless speedily releaved, your 
 Lordships may be pleased to afford your said Petitioner some pre¬ 
 sent succour and reliefe, and to enable him to discharge the said 
 £100 debt. 
 
 And hee will pray, &c. 
 i%th day of March, 1660-1. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 363 
 
 11 . 
 
 TRANSPLANTERS’ CERTIFICATES. 
 
 By the Commissioners within the Precincts of Clonmell. 
 
 John Hore of Ballymacmaag, and Mathew Hore, of Shandon, near 
 Dungari'an, County of Waterford. 
 
 Wee, the said Commissioners, do hereby certifye that John Hore, 
 of Ballymacmaag, and Mathew Hore, of Shandon, in the county 
 of Waterford, hath, upon the 23rd day of January, 1653, in pur¬ 
 suance of a Declaration of the Commissioners of the Parliament 
 of England for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day 
 of October, 1653, delivered unto us in writing a particular, con¬ 
 taining therein the names of himself and such other persons as are 
 to remove with him, with the quantities and qualities of their re¬ 
 spective stocks and tillage, the contents whereof are as followeth : — 
 viz.— I. John Hore, of Ballymacmaag, adged seventy ; grey haired, 
 tall stature; freeholder; ten cows, five garrans. 2. Edmund Hore, 
 son to the said John, adged ten years, brown haire. 3. Owen 
 Crumpon,of the same, adged thirty; black; middle stature; servant. 
 
 4. James Daton, of the same, adged sixteen; flaxen haire; servant. 
 
 5. Morish Caffon, of Ballidonnack, adged thirty-foure brown; low, 
 servant. 6. Mathew Hore, of Shandon, adged thirty-one; browne; 
 middle; freeholder; eight cows, two hundred sheepe, seventy-nine 
 garrans, five cows; forty-two acres of wheate and beare, seven of 
 pease. 7. Mary Hore, wife of the said Mathew, adged twenty-five; 
 white, tall. 8. Mary Hore, daughter of the said Mathew, adged 
 nine; flaxen; three cows, two heifers. 9. Margaret Hore, daughter 
 to the said Mathew, foure; flaxen; low; three cows, two bullocks. 
 10. Bridget Hore, daughter to the said Mathew, adged two; white; 
 
3^4 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 two cows, and two bullocks, ii. John Hore, son to the said Ma¬ 
 thew, adged seaven; white; lowe; three cows, and two yearlings, 
 12. Patrick Hore, son to the said Mathew, adged five; white; lowe; 
 five cows, and one yearling. 13. Martin Here, adged three; flaxen; 
 ten cows, and one yearling, and thirty-six sheepe. 14. Murtagh 
 Morrochoe, of Grage, aged thirty-seaven ; browne; middle ; tenant; 
 two cows, and one yearling, fifteene sheepe, one garran. 15. Nicho¬ 
 las Power, of Shandon, sixtie; graye; middle; servant. 16. Ed¬ 
 mund Kelly, of the same, thirty; black; middle; servant. 
 
 18. Thomas Kelly, of the same, thirty-nine; black; lowe; servant. 
 
 19. Thomas Fitzgerald, of the same, nineteen; white; tall; ser¬ 
 vant. 20. William Eoch, of the same, servant. 21. Henry Tobin, 
 of the same, thirtie; browne; low; servant. 22. Thomas Donnell, 
 of the same, fortie-foure; browne; lowe; servant. 23. Moris Of- 
 felahan, of the same, fiftie; graye; middle; servant. 25. John 
 O’Morrissee, of the same, seventeen; brown; low; servant. 
 
 26. Morish O’Morrissee, of the same, fifteen; dark; low; servant. 
 
 27. William O’Tuscan, of Ikart, thirtie; dark; middle; servant; 
 
 two cows, ten sheepe, one garran; five acres of wheate, [ ] beare. 
 
 28. Nicholas White, of the same, sixteene; white; low; servant. 
 
 29. James Murphy, of the same; thirtie-four; brown; low; tenant; 
 
 seaven sheepe, one garran. 30. Michael Conry, of Ballinacourty, 
 thirtie-seaven; middle; tenant; three cows, sixteen sheepe, nine 
 garrans; six acres of wheate, and two of pease and beans. 31. John 
 O’Kelly of the same, twentie; white; low; servant. 32. Richard 
 [ ], of Ballyduff, thirtie-nine; black; middle; tenant; one 
 
 cow, seven sheepe, three garrans; two acres of wheate and beare, 
 and two of pease and beans. 33. Morish Ffallon, of Killdagan, fortie; 
 graye; low; tenant; four cows, fifteene sheepe, eleven garrans, 
 seaven acres of wheate and beare. 34. Patrick Ffallon, of the same, 
 twentie; brown; middle; tenant. 35. Walter Power, of Ballin- 
 rode, twentie-five; brown; tall; tenant; five cows, fortie-three 
 sheepe, eight garrans; ten acres of wheate and beare. 36. Darby 
 Ffollowe, of Bally hannick, fortie-four; black; tall; tenant; two cows, 
 four sheepe, six garrans; five acres of wheate and beare. 37. Darby 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 3 < 5 s 
 
 Powyse, of the same, thirtie-two; brown; tall; tenant; one cow, 
 eleven sheepe, ten garrans; two acres of wheate and beare. 38. 
 Mary Russell, the relict of Patrick Russell, of Dungarvan, burgess, 
 fiftie-three; yellow; middle; three cows, fiftie sheepe, one garran. 
 39. John Fitzgerald, of the same, fortie; black; low; tenant; three 
 cows, ten sheepe, one garran; one acre of wheate and beare. 40. 
 Morish Roch, of the same, twenty-five; brown; middle; tenant; 
 two cows, ten sheepe, two garrans; two acres of wheate, beare, and 
 beans. 41. Morish Fitzgerald, of Grenane, twenty-five ; white; 
 middle; servant. 42. Patrick Ffollowe, of Ballyhormock, thirteen; 
 brown; servant. 43. William Wray, of the same, fourteen; brown; 
 servant. 44. Morish Cowden, of Inchindrislye, thirtie-six; black; 
 middle; tenant; one cow, ten sheepe, two garrans; one acre of 
 wheate and beare. 45. Robert Pirquett, of the same, fiftie; brown; 
 low; tenant; one cow, one garran, one acre of wheate and beare. 
 46. John Pirquett, of the same, twentie; browne; low; servant. 
 48. John Nagle, of Donnemainstragh, thirty-two ; brown; tall; 
 freeholder; two cows, ten sheepe, three garrans; three acres of 
 wheat and beare, and one of pease. 49. James How fitz Thomas 
 of Dungarvan, ten; blacke; low; burgess. 50. John Lea, of Dun¬ 
 garvan, sixteen; tall ; white; freeholder. 51. John Coppinger the 
 elder, of the same, fiftie-five; graye; tall; freeholder. 52. Philip 
 Power, of Ballinrode, thirtie-five; brown; low; tenant; one cow, 
 ten sheepe, two garrans; two acres of wheate and beare. 53. John 
 O’Morrissee, of Ballinkelly, twenty-six; brown; middle; tenant; 
 eight cows, twentie sheepe, ten garrans; five acres of wheat, two of 
 pease. 54. Margaret, his wife, twenty-four; white; middle. 55. 
 Philip Flyn, of the same, fifteen; brown; servant. 56. Donagh 
 Corbane of the same, thirtie; blacke; low; servant. 57. Thomas 
 Power, of Kildagan, adged twenty-seven ; blacke; low ; three 
 cows, twelve sheepe, three garrans; two acres of wheate and 
 beare. 58. Connor Gambon, of Inchindrisley, thirtie-two; brown; 
 middle; tenant; three cows, twelve sheepe, three garrans; ten acres 
 of wheate and beare. 59. John McPhilip, of Kildagan, thirtie; 
 browne; middle; tenant. 60. William Morrissee, of Inchindrisley, 
 
366 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 eighteen; white; middle; servant. 6i. DavidMcDonagh, of Knock- 
 an-power, sixtie-three; graye ; middle ; freeholder ; ten cows, 
 twenty-seaven sheepe, fifteen garrans; thirteen acres of wheate and 
 beare. 62. Giles Mulcahy, fifty-three ; brown ; low. 63. Mar¬ 
 garet Mulcahy, his daughter, eighteen ; brown; middle; spinster. 
 64. Ellen Mulcahy, his daughter, seventeen; brown; middle; spin¬ 
 ster. 65. Ellinor Mulcahy, his daughter, ten; brown; spinster. 
 
 66. Thomas Shane, of the same, eighteen; brown; middle; servant. 
 
 67. John Offernan, of the same, sixteen; brown; servant. 68. Da- 
 niell Henery, of the same, thirtie; browne; middle; servant. 69. 
 Richard Breenagh, of the same, twelve; brown; servant. 70. 
 Thomas fitz John, of Ballinlea, forty-three; brown; tall; tenant; 
 three cows, twenty sheepe, eight garrans; eight acres of wheate and 
 beare. 71. James Forde, of BallydufFmore, fifty-three; brown; low; 
 mortgagee; two cows, two garrans; two acres of wheate and beare. 
 72. John O’Kelly, of Knock-an-power, thirty; black; middle; te¬ 
 nant; two cows; two acres of wheate and beare. 73. James Ro- 
 nayne, of the same, sixty; graye, middle; tenant; one cow. 74. 
 Morish Ronayne, of the same, twenty; brown; middle. 75. John 
 O’Glassine, of the same, twenty; black; middle; tenant; two cows, 
 one garran. 76. Donagh Mulcahy, of the same, twenty-foure; 
 black; servant. 77. Connor O’Keirnane, of the same, thirty-five; 
 black; middle; servant. 78. Dermod O’Keirnane, of the same, 
 twenty; black; middle; servant. 79. Ellen Prendergast, of the 
 same, thirty-five; brown; tall; widdowe; two cows, two garrans. 
 80. Onora Flanagan, of the same; forty; black; middle; widdowe; 
 three cows, twelve sheepe, three garrans; two acres of wheate and 
 beare. 81. Thomas Kernane, of the same, twenty; black; servant; 
 82. Thomas Prendergast, of the same; twelve; white; servant. 83. 
 Donagh O’Hutterie, of Ballymartie, thirtie; black; middle; tenant; 
 four cows, ten sheepe, three garrans; four acres of wheate and beare. 
 
 84. Morish Mulrery, of the same, twenty; dark; middle; servant. 
 
 85. Derby O’Brien, of Inchindrisly, thirty; brown; low; four 
 cows, thirty sheepe, seaven garrans; seaven acres of wheat and beare. 
 
 86. William Brennagh, of the same, twenty; white; low; servant. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 367 
 
 87. John Kennedy, twenty; brown; servant. 88. William Kenny, 
 of Kilknockane, fifty-four, graye; low; burgess; six cows, twenty 
 sheepe, nine garrans ; fifteen acres of wheate, beare, and pease. 89. 
 AnneKenny, wife of the said William, sixtie; brown; low. 91. James 
 Meregagh, of the same, thirtie; black; middle; servant. 92. Do- 
 nagh O’Brien, of the same, thirty; dark; low ; tenant; three cows, 
 five garrans; twelve acres of wheate and beare. 94. Richard Butler, 
 ofGarrinlowe, thirty; flaxen; tall; tenant; six cows, twenty sheepe; 
 twelve garrans; three acres of wheate and beare. 95. Giles Butler, 
 his wife, twenty-four; brown; low. 96. Meaghlin Hogan, of the 
 same, twenty; dark; middle; servant. 97. Morish Dower, of the 
 same, twenty; yellow; middle; servant. 98. Daniel O’Phelane, of 
 the same, eighteen; black; low; servant. 99. Donogh O’Kerwick, of 
 the same, sixteene; dark; low; servant. 100. Ellen Magner, of 
 Donnemainstragh, fifty-seaven; black; middle; three cows, twenty- 
 six sheepe, two garrans; four acres of wheate, beare, and pease. 
 101. Thomas Butler, of Knockneagcarah, twenty-eight; yellow; 
 middle; tenant; thirty-one cows, one hundred sheepe, twenty-four 
 garrans, six oxen ; twenty-eight acres of wheate and beare, and four 
 of pease. 102. Katherine, his wife, twenty-five; black; tall. 103. 
 Piers Butler, of the same, fiftie; graye; middle; servant. 104. 
 Edmund Butler, of the same, eighteen; black; low; servant. 105. 
 Walter Fanning, of the same, twenty-three; black; low; servant. 
 
 106. Daniel Mourye, of the same, fifteen; yellow; low; servant. 
 
 107. William Hodnett, of Grange, thirty-two; black; middle; te¬ 
 nant; three cows, five sheepe, three garrans; seventeene acres of 
 wheate and beare. 108. James Power, of Inchindrisly, twenty- 
 three; dark; middle; tenant; three cows, five sheepe, three gar¬ 
 rans; seventeene acres of wheate and beare. 109. Thomas Gough, 
 of Dungarvan, forty; black; tall; burgess; one cow, ten sheepe, 
 two garrans. iio. James Fitzmorresh-Gerald, of Crushea, forty ; 
 flaxen brown; middle; tenant; five cows, twenty-five sheepe, eight 
 garrans; ten acres of wheate and beare. 111. John Coppinger, of 
 Dungarvan, the younger, thirty-seaven; brown; middle; burgess. 
 
 112. Michael Hore, of the same, thirty; black; low; burgess. 113. 
 
368 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 John McCreagh, of Inchindrisly, twenty; brown; middle; servant. 
 
 114. John Butler, son to Thomas Butler, of Knockneagcarah, above- 
 mentioned; flaxen. 115. Margaret Hodnett, wife to William Hod- 
 nett, above-mentioned, thirty; flaxen; tall. 116. Garrett Hodnett, 
 his son, four; flaxen. 117. Teige O’Moane, thirty-six; black; 
 middle; servant. 117. Bryan Moane, his son, four; browne. 117. 
 Murtagh O’Boghan, forty-three; black; tall; servant. 118. John 
 O’Boghan, fourteen; flaxen; servant. 118. Connor Carty, twenty; 
 black; low; servant. 119. Morish [ ]; black; low; servant. 
 
 120. Walter Grange, twenty; black; tall. 121. William Bren- 
 nagh, thirty-five; red; servant; middle. 122. Connor O’Farrelly, 
 forty; brown; middle; servant. 123. Morish fitz John, twenty- 
 five; brown; servant. 124. John Power, fifteen; brown; servant. 
 125. Murtagh Kenagh, forty; brown; middle; servant. 129. 
 Thomas Gorman, thirtie ; black ; middle ; servant. 130. David 
 Eoch, of Dungarvan, twenty-two; brown; low; servant. 131. 
 Thomas Wyse, of Ballinavarie, forty; brown; middle; freeholder. 
 
 The substance whereof we believe to be true. In witness 
 whereof, W’e have hereunto sett our hands and seals, the 26th day 
 of January, 1653-4. 
 
 Charles Blount, Solomon Richards, Henry Paris.' 
 
 City of Limerick.—By the Commissioners of the Revenue within the 
 Precinct of Limerick. 
 
 James Bonffield, of the City 0/ Limerick. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify that James 
 Bonfield, of the city of Limerick, burgess, hath upon the 20th 
 day of December, 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration of the Com¬ 
 missioners of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England for 
 the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of October, 1653, 
 delivered unto us in writing the names of himself and of such other 
 
 ' Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, Records of the late Auditor-General, 
 Custom House Buidings. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 3^9 
 
 persons as are to remove with him, with the quantities and qualities 
 of their stocks and tillage, the contents whereof are as followeth : 
 viz.—The said James Bonfield, of the city aforesaid, aged thirty- 
 eight years ; tall stature; browne flaxen hair. Catherine Bonfield 
 his wife, aged thirty-eight years; red haire. John Hynane, aged 
 twenty years; middle stature; black haire. Gabriel Creagh, Gen- 
 nett Creagh, Anthony Creagh, and James Creagh, small children, 
 under the age of eight years. Bridget Bonfield, daughter to the said 
 James, aged eight years; brown haired. Ellen ny Cahill, maid ser¬ 
 vant, aged forty years; middle stature; brown haire. Mary ny 
 Liddy, aged forty years; black haire; middle stature. His sub¬ 
 stance—foure cows, foure garrans; and desires the benefit of his 
 claim. The substance whereof we believe to be true. In witness 
 whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals the 20th day of 
 December, 1653.’ 
 
 Citty of Limerick. 
 
 Makgaret Heally, alias Creagh, relict o/John Heally, Esq., 
 
 deceased. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, doe hereby certify that Margaret 
 Heally, alias Creagh, the relict of John Heally, Esq., deceased, of 
 the county of Limerick, hath upon the 19th day of December, 1653, 
 in pursuance of a Declaration of the Commissioners of the Parliament 
 of the Commonwealth of England for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing 
 date the 14th day of October, 1653, delivered unto us in writing 
 tke names of herself and of such other persons as are to remove 
 with her, with the quantities and qualities of their stocks and til¬ 
 lage, the contents whereof are as followeth : viz.—The said Mar¬ 
 garet, adged thirty years; flaxen hair; full face; middle size. Her 
 substance, two cows, three ploughs of garrans, and two acres of 
 barley and wheate sowen. John Neal, her servant, adged twenty- 
 eight years; red haire; middle stature; full face. Gennet Comyn, 
 one of her servants, adged twenty-four years; brown haire; slender 
 
 Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, Eecord Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
37° 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 face; of middle stature. Joaa Keane, servant, adged thirtie-six 
 years; brown baire; middle seize; full face; and her little daughter, 
 adged six yeares. Out of the above substance she payeth contri¬ 
 bution. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and 
 seals, the 19th day of December, 1653d 
 
 Connollagh Barony, County of LimericJc. 
 
 John Fitzgerald, of Finntanstown, Esq. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify, that John Fitz¬ 
 gerald of Finntanstown, in the county and barony aforesaid, hath 
 upon the loth day of January, 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration 
 of the Commissioners of the Parliament of the Commomvealth of 
 England for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of Octo¬ 
 ber, 1653, delivered unto us in writing the names of himself, and 
 of such other persons as are to remove with him, with the quanti¬ 
 ties and qualities of their stocks and tillage, the contents whereof 
 are as followeth: viz.—The said John Fitzgerald, adged thirtie-five 
 years; middle stature; black hair. Sarah, his wife, aged twenty- 
 six years; brown hair; tall stature. David Fitzgerald, aged four 
 years; black hair. His two daughters, called Joan and Mary, under 
 the age of two years; flaxen hair. Edmund Fitzgerald, tenant, 
 aged thirty years; tall stature; flaxen hair. Ellen, his wife, aged 
 forty years; tall stature; brown hair. Elleanor, Margaret, and 
 Eliza, three daughters of the said Edmund, all under the age of 
 four years. David Wolfe, gentleman, aged twenty-four years; black 
 hair; middle stature. Mauria Manning, aged twenty-six years; 
 middle stature; black hair. Dermod Halpin, aged twenty-four 
 years; tall stature; flaxen hair. Donough M‘Carty, aged thirty-six 
 years; middle stature; black hair. Ann ny McNamara, servant, aged 
 forty years; black hair; tall stature. His substance—twenty-four 
 garrans, three cows, two sows; four acres of winter corn. The sub¬ 
 stance whereof we believe to be true. In witness whereof we have 
 hereunto set our hands and seals, the loth day of January, 1653.® 
 
 1 Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, Eecord Tower, Dublin Castle, p. 8. 
 
 Ibid. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 371 
 
 Barony of Small County, County of Limerick. 
 
 Sir David Bourke, of Kilpeacon. 
 
 Wee, the said Commissioners, do hereby Certify that Sir David 
 Bourke, of Kilpecon, in the barony of Small County, and county of 
 Limerick, hath, upon the 19th day of November, 1653, in pursu¬ 
 ance of a Declaration of the Commissioners of the Parliament of the 
 Commonwealth of England for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date 
 the 14th day of October, 1653, delivered unto us in writing the 
 names of himself and such other persons as are to remove with 
 him, with the quantities and qualities of their stock and tillage, the 
 contents whereof are as followeth: viz.—The said Sir David Bourke, 
 adged 64 yeares; middle stature; brown hair. The Lady Ca¬ 
 therine Bourke, adged fifty-eight years; white hoary hair. Oliver 
 Bourke, son to the said Sir David, adged thirty-eight years; middle 
 stature; full face, and black hair. Edmund Bourke, another son 
 to the said Sir David, adged thirty-nine years; middle stature; sick of 
 body; red hair. Patrick Bourke, son to the said Sir David, adged 
 thirty years; tall stature; flaxen hair. David Bourke, another son 
 to the said Sir David, adged twenty eight-years; middle stature; 
 flaxen hair; William McShane, tenant, adged fifty-eight years; 
 middle stature; sick of body; black hair. Dermond McDonagh, 
 adged forty-six years; middle stature; brown hair. Any, his wife, 
 adged forty years; tall stature; black hair. John O’Gripha, adged 
 thirty-two years; middle stature; flaxen hair. Margaret ny Owen, 
 maid servant, adged fifty years; heigh stature; hoarie hair. More 
 ny Loughlen, adged thirty years; middle stature; flaxen hair. 
 Their substance, one plough of garrans, tenn cowes, six acres of 
 barley sowed, for which they pay contribution. The substance 
 whereof we believe to be true.' 
 
 I Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 200, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 2 B 2 
 
372 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Clanwilliam Barony, County of Limerick. 
 
 Margaret Lady Dowager of Castleconnell. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify that Margaret 
 Lady Dowager of Castle Connel, now of Mockenish, in the barony 
 of Small County, county of Limerick, hath, upon the 19th day of 
 December, 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration of the Commis¬ 
 sioners of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England for the 
 Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of October, 1653, 
 delivered unto us in writing the names of herself, and of such other 
 persons as are to remove with her, with the quantities and qualities 
 of their stocks and tillage,, the contents whereof are as followeth : 
 viz.—The said Margaret Lady Dowager of Castle Connel, agded 
 seventy-years; middle stature; flaxen hair. Ann Burgatt, adged 
 sixteene years; middle stature; brown hair. Margaret Deoran, 
 adged eighteen years; middle stature; flaxen hair. Henry Bourke, 
 adged forty years; middle stature; brown hair. Anable, his wife, 
 adged thirty yeares middle stature; brown hair. Dermott McMa¬ 
 hon, adged fifty years; middle stature. David O’Collane, adged 
 twenty years; middle stature; brown hair. Teige o Terrine, adged 
 fifty years; middle stature; red hair. Cahill McCrowe, adged fifty 
 years; middle stature; brown hair. Donell O’Collane, adged thirty 
 years; middle stature; brown hair. John O’Collane, adged seventy 
 years; middle stature; grey hair. John McDonnell, adged fifty 
 years; middle stature. Daniel O’Farrelly, adged thirty years; 
 middle stature; brown hair. Her substance, twenty cows, twenty 
 sheep, ten mares and garrans, and two riding nags, four sows, six 
 acres of winter corn, out of which she pays contribution. The 
 substance whereof we believe to be true.* 
 
 Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 226, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 373 
 
 Clanwilliam Barony, County of Limerick. 
 
 Makgaret Lady Dowager of Castleconnell. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify that Margaret 
 Lady Dowager of Castle Connell, hath, the 19th day of December, 
 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration of the Commissioners of the 
 Parliament of the Commonwealth of England for the Affairs of Ire¬ 
 land, bearing date the 14th day of October, 1653, delivered unto 
 us in writing the names of herself, and such other persons as are 
 to remove with her, with the quantities and qualities of their stocks 
 and tillage, the contents whereof are as followeth: viz.—The said 
 Margaret Lady Dowager of Castle Connell, her tenants and ser¬ 
 vants, are as follows: viz. Dermot McQuien, adged twenty years; 
 middle stature; black hair. Dermot Shea, adged eighteen years; 
 low stature; flaxen hair. Honnora ny Teige, adged sixty years; 
 middle stature; black hair. Honnora ny Cullane, adged fifty years; 
 middle stature. Joan Lode, adged thirty years; flaxen hair. Madlen 
 Deorane, adged thirty years; middle stature; black hair. Mary 
 Kearney, adged twenty years; middle stature; black hair. Mahowne 
 Mullony, adged sixteen years; middle stature; black hair. Hon- 
 nora ny Sheane, adged thirty years; middle stature; black hair. 
 Mahoune o Terny, adged forty years; low stature; red hair. Patrick 
 Browne, adged forty-five years; middle stature; brown hair. 
 George Meriek, adged thirty-five years; middle stature; brown 
 hair. John Mulrian, adged thirty years; middle stature; brown 
 hair. Daniel McMahon, adged twenty-eight years; middle stature. 
 Mahowne o Hea, adged forty-two years; middle stature; hoary 
 hair. David Cussine, adged thirty years; full stature; black hair. 
 Murtagh McTerlagh, adged thirty years; full stature; black hair. 
 Mahon o Mulloc; thirty years; full stature; black hair. The 
 substance whereof we believe to be true.’ 
 
 ‘ Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 227, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
374 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 ClanwilUam Barony, County of Limerick, 
 
 William Lord Earon of Castle Connell. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify that William Lord 
 Earon of Castle Connell, in the county of Limerick, hath upon the 
 19 th day of December, 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration of the 
 Commissioners of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England 
 for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of October, 
 1633, delivered unto us in writing the names of himself and such 
 other persons as are to remove with him, with the quantities and 
 qualities of their stocks and tillage, the contents whereof are as fol- 
 loweth, viz.:—The said William Lord Baron of Castle Connell, 
 adged twenty-six years; brown hair; middle stature. Ellen, his 
 wife, lady of Castle Connell, adged twenty-eight years; black hair; 
 middle stature; and five young children, under the age of ten years. 
 Ellen Eoch, adged twenty-four years; flaxen hair; middle stature. 
 Edmund Eourke, tenant, adged twenty-five years; brown hair; 
 middle stature. John Punchy, adged thirty years; brown hair; 
 middle stature. William Meade, adged thirty ; middle stature. 
 Donnogh M‘Theige, adged forty years; black hair; middle stature. 
 Donnell M'Shyder, adged thirty years; middle stature. Teige 
 M'Keogh, adged thirty years; middle stature; brown hair. Law¬ 
 rence Henry, adged thirty years; middle stature; brown hair. 
 Dermot MTCeogh, adged twenty-three years ; middle stature; black 
 hair. Joan ny Mahony, adged thirty-three years ; middle stature ; 
 red hair. Catherine ny Dwer, adged twenty years; flaxen hair; 
 middle stature. John Brown, adged twenty years; flaxen hair; 
 middle stature. Daniel M'Melaghlin, adged forty years; black 
 hair; middle stature. His substance, twenty winter acres of corn, 
 cows forty, forty garrans, a plow of oxen, forty swine, great and 
 small, four geldings, out of which he payeth contribution. The 
 substance whereof we believe to be true.' 
 
 ‘ Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 248, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 375 
 
 Clanwilliam Barony, County of Limerich. 
 
 Theobald Burke, Lord Baron of Brittas. 
 
 We, the said Commissioners, do hereby certify that Theobald 
 Bourke, Lord Baron of Brittas, in the county of Limerick, hath 
 upon the 19th day of November, 1653, in pursuance of a Declara¬ 
 tion of the Commissioners of the Parliament of the Commonwealth 
 of England for the Affairs of Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of 
 October, 1653, delivered unto us in writing the names of himself 
 and such other persons as are to remove with him, with the quanti¬ 
 ties and qualities of their stocks and tillage, the contents whereof 
 are as followeth, viz.:—The said Theobald Lord Baron of Brittas, 
 adged sixty-five years; red gray hair; slender face. The lady 
 Margaret his wife, adged sixty years; gray hair; slender face. 
 Margaret and Mary, daughters to Sir John Bourke, under the age 
 of twelve years. Thomas Bourke, his servant, adged twenty years; 
 slender face; yellow hair. Daniel O’Bruoder, adged forty years; 
 gray hair; slender face; and lame of one leg. Robert Lenane, adged 
 sixty years; gray hair; full face. Shyrilly Maly, adged eighteen 
 years. Shirilly ny Bruoder, adged forty years; gray hair; middle 
 stature. Catherine Grady, maid servant; adged thirty years; full 
 face; middle stature; black hair. Any ny Mahony, adged thirty- 
 six years; gray hair; full face; middle stature; his substance, 
 three cows, one gelding, two garrans, and six hogs, for which he 
 payeth contribution. The substance whereof we believe to be 
 true.' 
 
 Clanwilliam Barony, County of Limerick. 
 
 Sir Morish Hurley, of Kildraff \fBaronet\. 
 
 We do hereby certify that Sir Morish Hurley, of Kildraff, in the 
 county and barony aforesaid, hath, upon the 19th day of Decem¬ 
 ber, 1653, in pursuance of a Declaration of the Commissioners of 
 
 I Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 239, Reconl Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
37^ 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England, for the Affairs of 
 Ireland, bearing date the 14th day of October, 1653, delivered unto 
 us in writing the names of himself and of such other persons as are 
 to remove with him, with the quantities and qualities of their 
 stocks and tillage, the contents whereof are as followeth, viz.:— 
 The said Sir Morish Hurley his tenants are as followeth, viz.: Ter- 
 lagh M‘Brien, adged thirty years ; black hair ; low stature. Robert 
 Caffore, adged fifty years; black hair; tall stature. Donogh 
 M‘Shane, adged twenty-two years; brown hair; low stature. The 
 substance whereof we believe to be true. 
 
 Coshlea Barony, County of Limerick. 
 
 Dame Lettice Hurley, of Cnocklingey \_Knocklong']. 
 
 Viz.—Dame Lettice Hurley, of Cnocklingy, the relict of Sir 
 Thomas Hurley [Baronet], deceased, aged sixty years; brown hair; 
 Mary Hurley, her daughter, aged twenty years; middle stature; 
 yellow hair. Elizabeth Hurley, another daughter, aged eighteen 
 years; tall stature, and brown hair. Thomas Tobin, servant; aged 
 thirty years; middle stature; brown hair. Teige Hagh, servant, aged 
 fifty years; brown hair; middle stature; and his son. James 
 Driscol, servant, aged thirty years; brown hair; middle stature. 
 Connor o Glissane, servant, aged forty years ; tall stature; black 
 hair. Margaret ny Quien, aged fifty years; red hair; low stature. 
 Ellen ny Yearmody, aged twenty years; brown hair. Mary Daniel, 
 aged forty years, and her daughter. .Ellen Roch, aged thirty years; 
 red hair. Honora ny Daniel, aged forty years; gray hair. Sara 
 ny Kenny, aged twenty years. Substance, ten cows, sixteen gar- 
 rans, sixty sheep, twelve swine, six acres of corn, &c.® 
 
 1 Book of Transplanters’ Certificates, p. 237, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 2 Ibid., p. 176. 
 
APPENDIX, 
 
 377 
 
 III. 
 
 PETITIONS FOR DISPENSATION FROM TRANSPLANTATION INTO 
 CONNAUGHT. 
 
 As the documents in full often convey a better notion than any ab¬ 
 stract, a few orders made on the petitions for Dispensation from 
 Transplantation are here given. It would require to inspect the 
 many volumes full of them to realize the amount and variety of 
 misery suffered by the inhabitants of Ireland during the government 
 of the people of England. 
 
 The Lord Baron of Brittas. 
 
 “ Upon reading the petition of Theobald Lord Baron of Brittas 
 touching his transplantation into Connaught, and the report of the 
 Commissioners of Revenue of Dublin thereupon, whereby it appears 
 that the petitioner hath in the year 1645 the oath of asso¬ 
 
 ciation with the Confederate Rebells {alias Catholics) : It is there¬ 
 fore ordered that the Governor and Commissioners of Revenue of 
 Limerick do proceed in the Petitioner’s case according to the printed 
 instructions and declarations given for direction in this and cases 
 of like nature. 
 
 Dublin, 2gth May, 1654. 
 
 “Thomas Heebert, Clerk of the Council.”' 
 
 The same. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the further petition of the Baron 
 of Brittas, it is ordered that the petitioner be allowed what sheafe 
 is due unto him according to the rule, and as by the Commissioners 
 of Revenue upon the place is given to others in like cases. And 
 the Commissioners at Loughrea are to take care that the petitioner 
 
378 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 be provided for in Connaught answerable to his age and other 
 qualifications. 
 
 “ DuUin, October i^th, 1654. 
 
 “ Thos. Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”' 
 
 Piers Creagh, of Limericlc, Esq. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the petition of Piers Creagh, of 
 Limerick, desiring a dispensation from being transplanted into Con¬ 
 naught, and a liberty to enjoy his estate where it lies, and of the 
 report of the Committee of Officers thereupon, whereby it appears 
 that upon serious reflection they have had of the petitioner’s harm¬ 
 less carriages and of his manifold affection to the present Govern¬ 
 ment, which was heretofore more fully certified to the Commis¬ 
 sioners of the Commonwealthfrom the officers of the army: They offer 
 it as their opinion that the petitioner be allowed to remain in any 
 part of the county of Limerick (except the city) till the ist of May 
 next. And for those lands the petitioner desired a fourth sheafe, if 
 the said lands be in the Commonwealth’s possession he be allowed 
 the said fourth sheafe. And it was further certified by the said 
 officers, that in regard they were persuaded that for his former known 
 inclination to the English Government the petitioner is hated by 
 his countrymen, and that therefore he might be permitted to reside 
 in such secure place in the county of Clare (not being within a gar¬ 
 rison), neare the English quarters as the petitioner should make 
 choice of in the disposal of the State; unto which said report the 
 Lord Deputy and Council do agree, and therefore do hereby order, 
 that the petitioner be dispensed with from transplantation till the 
 ist of May next, and that he do receive the fourth sheafe of and 
 from those lands claymed by him in his petition, if in the possession of 
 the State; and that he likewise be permitted to make choice of a 
 convenient place to reside in from the ist of May forward, neare the 
 English quarters, in the county of Clare, provided it be not in any 
 garrison. And hereof the Commander-in-Chief of Limerick and 
 
APPENDIX. 379 
 
 the county of Clare, and Commissioners of Assessments, and all 
 others concerned are to take notice. 
 
 “ Dated at Dublin the z%th of October, 1654. 
 
 “ Thos. Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”' 
 
 The Lady Dowager of Louth. 
 
 “Upon considering the petition of the Lady Dowager of Louth, 
 and consideration had thereof, and of the petitioner’s great age and 
 impotency ; It is ordered, that it be referred to the Officer Com¬ 
 manding in Chief and Commissioners of Assessments for the pre¬ 
 cinct of Tredagh, to consider of the allegations thereof, and to dis¬ 
 pense wiih the Petitioner’s transplantation into Connaught till the 
 1st of May next. And that towards her present maintenance they 
 do allow her two-third parts of the profits that arise to her out of 
 the thirds of her estate till the ist of May aforesaid. And that in 
 case the said estate be already disposed of, they are to certify the 
 same to the end she may be otherwise provided for during the time 
 the petitioner is dispensed with from transplantation; and then 
 further care shall be taken of her with others of her condition, ac¬ 
 cording to such rules as shall be held forth for that purpose. 
 
 ‘■'Dublin, z^th October, 1654. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”^ 
 
 Mrs. Elinor Butler, Widow. 
 
 " Upon consideration had of the petition of Elinor Butler, 
 widow, and the order of the Commissioners of Revenue at Water¬ 
 ford touching her, and the report of Colonel Lawrence thereupon 
 (unto whom it was referred), it being thereby set forth that the 
 petitioner’s allegations are confirmed by a certificate of a person of 
 good credit; and it being the said Colonel Lawrence’s opinion upon 
 the whole that the petitioner’s own person and her helpless chil¬ 
 dren should be dispensed with as to their present transplantation, 
 and that she be permitted to bring back her cattle from Connaught 
 
 A 
 
 — , p. 122. 
 4 
 
 * Ib., p. 96. 
 
38 o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 towards the maintenance of herself and children; we, the said 
 Deputy and Council, do therefore agree and consent unto the said 
 report, and do hereby order that the petitioner be accordingly per¬ 
 mitted to bring back her said cattle without molestation. Whereof 
 the said Commissioners of Revenue at Waterford, the Commissioners 
 sitting at Loughrea, and all others concerned, are to take notice. 
 
 “ Dated at Dublin, the iSth of October, 1656. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.’” 
 
 Mrs. Mary Thorpe, otherwise Dillon. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the within petition of Mary Thorpe, 
 otherwise Dillon, a Protestant; and forasmuch as by her husband’s 
 recusancy comprising him within the order made that proprietors, 
 &c., do transplant themselves into Connaught, he is to remove accord¬ 
 ingly, to have lands set out to him there by the Commissioners 
 sitting at Loughrea, according to his qualification. Further consi¬ 
 dering the merit of the petitioner, and that she is reputed to be a 
 person fearing God and affecting His worship and ordinances. It is 
 therefore ordered, that the Commissioners at Loughrea do forth¬ 
 with sett out to the petitioner’s husband lands as near Athlone or 
 other place in Connaught, where she shall desire (not repugnant 
 to former general orders), to the end that it may afford the peti¬ 
 tioner the better conveniency of repairing neare to such places 
 where the Gospel is preached. 
 
 Dublin, 6 th October 1654. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”® 
 
 The Lady Trimleston.^ 
 
 “ Ordered, that it be referred to the Commissioners at Lough- 
 reagh to consider of the within petition, and upon examination of 
 the allegations, and finding them to be true as therein is set forth, 
 they are to permit the petitioner’s husband, the Lord Trimleston, 
 
 See pages 114 and 186, supra. 
 
 ^ Ib., p. 29. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 381 
 
 to return into some place in the province of Leinster, for such 
 time as shall be thought necessary for the recovery of his health, 
 and so continue at the said place without removal above a mile from 
 the same, without license from the Commander in Chief of the said 
 precinct where he shall reside as aforesaid; provided he return into 
 Connaught within three months. 
 
 “ Dublin, ith of Avgust, 1654. 
 
 “ Signed in the name of the Lord Deputy and Council, 
 
 “ Miles Corbet.”' 
 
 Miss Mary Archer. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of a petition presented unto this Board 
 by Mary Archer, in behalf of her aged father, Thomas Archer, and of 
 the certificate thereunto annexed, deposed upon oath before Dudley 
 Loftus, Esq., one of His Highness’s Justices of the Peace for this 
 county, that the said Thomas Archer is above 60 years of age, and 
 that bis transplantation into Connaught will infallibly endanger his 
 life, if not suddenly bring him to his grave, wanting his former 
 accustomed accommodations; It is therefore ordered, that he, the 
 said Thomas Archer, be, and he is hereby dispensed with from 
 transplantation into Connaught for the space of two months from the 
 date hereof, to the end that at present he may not want the accom¬ 
 modations aforesaid, and thereby enable himself to travel into the 
 transplantation quarter, according to rule. 
 
 “ Dublin Castle, igth of May, 1654. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”^ 
 
 The Lord of Ikerrin? 
 
 “ Upon reading the petition of the Lord of Ikerrin, and consi¬ 
 deration had thereof, and the report of the Standing Committee of 
 Officers thereupon; It is thought fit and ordered, that the peti¬ 
 tioner (in regard of his weakness and infirmity of body) be per¬ 
 mitted to repair to the Bath in England (according to his physi- 
 
 , A 
 
 ■* —, p. 71. '■> See p. 179, siipru. 
 
382 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 cian’s advice), in order to the recovery of his health, for the space 
 of six weeks. And it is further ordered, that the said Lord of 
 Ikerrin’s lady be dispensed with from her transplantation into Con¬ 
 naught for the space of two months from the ist day of May next; 
 and that her servants be also dispensed with from their transplan¬ 
 tation until they have gathered in their next harvest. 
 
 Duhlin, the z^th of April, 1654. 
 
 “ Charles Fleetwood, Miles Corbett, John Jones.”' 
 
 Edmund Magrath, of Ballymore, in the Barony of Kilnemanagh, 
 County of Tipperary, Esq^ 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the within petition of Edmund 
 Magrath, complaining that the woods upon the lands set out unto 
 him in the county of Clare (pursuant to his qualification), are daily 
 cut and destroyed by the Irish there, who bear him malice for his 
 good services to the English, and by others, to his great damage 
 and discouragement, and therefore praying relief in the premises; 
 It is ordered that it be referred to the next Justices of the Peace 
 in that county, or any two of them, who are to consider of the alle¬ 
 gations, and to examine the matter of fact, and to take such care for 
 the petitioner’s relief in the premises as shall be agreeable to law. 
 
 “Dublin Castle, 20th May, 1656. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”^ 
 
 Old Native Inhabitants of Limerick. 
 
 “ Upon reading the petition and papers of the old native inha¬ 
 bitants of Limerick, it being alledged by the petitioners that they 
 
 P- 304. 
 
 2 This Edmund Magrath, of Ballymore, Barony of Kilnemanagh, county of 
 Tipperary, acted as a spy from the beginning of the EebeUion, and for his good 
 service obtained Cromwell’s special Letter of Dispensation from Transplantation, 
 and had order to have his estate, not exceeding 800 acres, plantation measure, 
 restored to him. Letter dated Whitehall, March nth, 1657-8. “Letters of 
 Lord Protector,” p. 12 i. Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 
 3 —, p. 64. See also p. 154, supra. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 383 
 
 have laboured as much as in them lay to preserve the English inte¬ 
 rests in that city, and to surrender to the English, whereby they 
 became odious to the Irish, and therefore desired some place upon 
 the River Shannon to be assigned unto them for their residence. 
 And upon consideration had thereof, and of the report of the Com¬ 
 mittee of Transplantation, It is ordered that the petitioners as to 
 their merits and qualifications be referred unto the officers com¬ 
 manding in chief and the Commissioners of Revenue within the 
 precinct of Limerick, who are to proceed therein, according to the 
 tenor of the late printed declaration of 27th of March last; and as 
 to their place of residence, it is further referred to the Commis¬ 
 sioners sitting at Loughreagh, who are to consider thereof, and to 
 do therein as shall be agreeable to the rules and instructions given 
 them in that behalf. 
 
 '■'•Dublin, 41/1 of April, 1654. 
 
 “Charles Fleetwood, Miles Corbet, John Jones.’” 
 
 Mr. Richard Christmas, of Bristol, Merchant. 
 
 “ Upon consideration had of the petition of Richard Christmas, 
 of Bristol, merchant, desiring that one Edward Browne, an Irish 
 Papist, who hath been hitherto entrusted with the management of 
 all his affairs in and about Waterford, hath been faithful unto him, 
 and best understands and is acquainted with the petitioner’s debts 
 and credits, may be permitted to continue in Waterford, and follow 
 his occupations as formerly; It is hereby ordered, that the said 
 Edward Browne be permitted to reside in Waterford for and during 
 the space of six months from the date hereof, and no longer, he 
 giving good security to the Governor of Waterford that he will not 
 act anything to the prejudice of His Highness and the State : And 
 hereof all whom it may concern are to take notice. 
 
 ‘•'■Dublin, i%th August, 1656. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”^ 
 
 2 - , p. 184. 
 
 p. 244. 
 
384 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 Dame Mary Culme. 
 
 “ Upon reading the within petition of Dame Mary Culme, 
 setting forth that her servant, Cornelius Brady, is upon some infor¬ 
 mation transplanted into Connaught, being not liable thereunto, 
 and that the said Cornelius is her agent to sell and let her lands, 
 and manage her necessary suits at law, &c., and thereupon praying 
 that his transplantation might be dispensed with. And forasmuch as 
 the respective Governors of Limerick, Galway, and Athlone, have 
 power to give licences in the case, the Council think not fitt to do 
 anything thereon, but leave the petitioner to make her application 
 to the said Governors, who are to proceed in the case as shall be 
 thought fitt. 
 
 Dated at the Council Chamber, Duhlin, igth of August, 1656. 
 
 “ Thomas Herbert, Clerk of the Council.”' 
 
 The Lady Grace Talbot. 
 
 “ Upon reading the petition of Lady Grace Talbot, wife of 
 Sir Robert Talbot, of Malahide, desiring a subsistence for her and 
 her five children out of her estate in the county of Wicklow (al- 
 ledged to be 1700 acres), or otherwise out of her husband’s estate in 
 Meath, and consideration had thereof, and of the report of Sir Har- 
 dress Waller, Sir Charles Coote, Commissary General Reynolds, and 
 Colonel Lawrence, whereby it appears that they humbly offer it 
 as their opinion that, in regard of the petitioner’s husband Sir 
 Robert Talbot’s civil carriage during the late rebellion, and his 
 great charge, with the considerableness of his estate in the Pro¬ 
 vince of Leinster, from whence he is to be transplanted; and like¬ 
 wise the petitioner’s incapability of receiving lands in Connaught, 
 according to the rule of stock given out, that there be settled 500 
 acres of land in some convenient place in Connaught upon the said 
 Lady Talbot and her children. And in case that her said husband’s 
 claim be allowed, and of right ascertained to a greater proportion. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 38s 
 
 that then the said 500 acres be part thereof. And they further offer, 
 that in regard the petitioner is an Englishwoman, and reduced to a 
 poor condition, being without relief, and likely so to continue until 
 the lands in Connaught shall yield her subsistence, that for six 
 months yet to come the petitioner may receive the contribution 
 falling due thereon. It is further thought fitt and ordered, that the 
 said Lady Grace Talbot do receive the quantity of 500 acres of land 
 in Connaught; and that the petitioner do enjoy one moiety of the 
 present profits arising out of her said husband’s estate in Leinster 
 (paying contribution) for the space of six months from the date 
 hereof. 
 
 Dublin, I’-jth November, 1654. 
 
 “Thomas Herbert, Cleark of the Council.”* 
 
 ' —. P- 438- 
 4 
 
 2 C 
 
386 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 lY. 
 
 MAP OF THE COUNTY OF TIPPEEAEY, AS DIVIDED BETWEEN 
 THE ADVENTUEEES AND SOLDIEES. 
 
 Account of the Adventurers and their Allotments there. 
 
 (See pp. 93, 94, and 242, and 243.) 
 
 An account having been taken of the lands forfeited in the se¬ 
 veral baronies of the ten counties and the counties divided by ba¬ 
 ronies into two equal parts,^ a lot was drawn for the Adventurers 
 by Alderman Avery, and for the soldiers by Colonel Hewson (ap¬ 
 pointed to that office by the Lord General Cromwell); and the se¬ 
 veral baronies in the county of Tipperary forming the two parts of 
 the county fell to the Adventurers and Soldiers, respectively, as 
 exhibited in the map.® 
 
 The Adventurers’ baronies in the county of Tipperary were to 
 be charged with not more than £60,000. Bodies of Adventurers 
 who might wish to plant together might join in a lot, no one lot to 
 exceed £5000.® 
 
 The Committee were then directed to subdivide the several 
 baronies appropriated to the Adventurers equally by lot, according 
 to the proportions due to each of them; and if any barony should 
 prove deficient to answer the sum which was apportioned to it, a 
 supply was to be made out of some redundant barony in the same 
 county.'* In consequence of disputes, the Lord Protector and his 
 Council of State, on the 6th of August, 1654, appointed the com- 
 
 I P. 94, supra. 
 
 * Analysis of the Act for Satisfaction of Adventurers and Soldiers of 26th 
 April, 1653, MSS. in Library of Trinity CoUege, Dublin, F. 3. 16. 
 
 ^ Act of Parliament of 26tb Sept. 1653. ♦ Ib. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 387 
 
 mittee mentioned in the Adventurers’certificate (at p. 239, n.), em¬ 
 powered, when many lots were upon one barony, to settle a way 
 by lot who should remain, and who should remove; and to settle a 
 way by lot for ascertaining the subdivision of Adventurers’ propor¬ 
 tions that should continue in the several baronies. 
 
 The committee arranged a settled method, and made a declara¬ 
 tion for their explanation of it,* which unfortunately has not yet 
 been found. Enough, however, remains in Dr. Petty’s account of 
 the Down Survey, and the certificates of the Committee, to show 
 that they quartered and subquartered the baronies in the manner 
 exhibited on the Map of Tipperary.^ As is further proved by the 
 plot or character annexed to Sir Nicholas Crispe’s petition, as 
 shown at page 240. 
 
 The following list of Adventurers in that county is evidently 
 compiled from the certificates furnished to each Adventurer by the 
 Committee at Grocers’ Hall, pursuant to the Act of 27 th of Sep¬ 
 tember, 1653. 
 
 It will be observed that in many instances the same amount of 
 money gives a different amount of land. The conditions varied. 
 Adventurers under the first of the Acts of Subscription, passed 
 in 1642, commonly called the Adventurers’ Act, were to be satisfied 
 in lands by English measure. By the doubling ordinance, as it was 
 called, made on the 14th of July, 1643,’ sums advanced were to 
 be satisfied in double the quantity in the first Act—that is to say, 
 the lands were to be rated at four shillings the acre instead of eight 
 in Munster, and at two shillings instead of four in Ulster, and the 
 measure was enlarged to Irish measure. And any original Adven¬ 
 turer who should within three months pay in a further sum, equal 
 to a fourth part of the sum he had first subscribed, was to have the 
 old and new Adventures counted together at one sum, to be repaid 
 at the new rates. 
 
 • Analysis of Act of 26th Sept., 1633, MSS. T. C. D., F. 3. 16. 
 
 ^ And see supra, p. 239. 
 
 ^ Scobell’s “ Acts and Ordinances.” 
 
 2 C 2 
 
388 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 It cannot be stated with certainty that the list is a complete one, 
 for the name of Ellen Milborne does not appear among the Adven¬ 
 turers to be set down in the barony of Eliogarty, according to the 
 certificate with “The Eleven Seals” given at page 239, n. This may 
 be accounted for in one of two ways. She may have been trans¬ 
 ferred to some other county; for the entire sum charged on the 
 county of Tipperary, according to the following list, amounts to 
 £68,858 6s. od., thus exceeding the amount directed by the Act 
 by £8858; or the list may be an imperfect one; and it will be seen 
 by the Certificate of the Committee at foot of the short supplemental 
 list appended to the account, that there were two books of Adven¬ 
 turers’ allotments returned into Ireland; but only one has been 
 found. These lists or books would seem to have been sent over by 
 the Committee of Adventurers for the use of Dr. Petty, when about 
 to review the Adventurers’ proceedings, as the date, “ October, 
 1658,”' corresponds with the time of his entering upon that work.““ 
 
 - See page 400. 
 
 * “ Petty’s Down Survey by Larcom,” chaps, xvi. and xvii. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
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BARONY OR MIDDLETHIRD— 
 
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BARONY OF IFFA AND OFFA. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 391 
 
BAEONY OF IFF A AND OFF A— continued. 
 
 392 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 For an incident in this Devonshire Adventurer’s experience of the county of Tipperary, in 1656, see p. zjS, supra. 
 
BARONY OF IFFA AND QiF'Fk—continued. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 393 
 
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THE BARONY OF CLANWILLIAM. 
 
 394 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
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 Per Richard Deacon, Clerk to y' said Committee. 
 
[SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.] 
 
 400 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
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 26th October, 1658. 
 
 This page above written conteyneth all y“ Claymes of and for such Adventurers as have been by us allowed, 
 and not incerted in either of y' two former Books by us certified under our hands, and sent into Ireland. 
 
 Nathaniel Manton, John Ffenton, Egbert Hamon, Elias Roberts. 
 
LIST OF THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 401 
 
 V. 
 
 This list of Adventurers for lands in Ireland, and of those 
 who subscribed for the Sea Service, is taken from the collection of 
 papers relating to the execution of the Act of Settlement made in 
 1675, by order of the Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland,' and 
 preserved in nine folio volumes in the Record Tower, Dublin Castle. 
 It is evidently a list of the original Adventurers under the various 
 Acts and Ordinances of subscription, commencing with the Act of 
 17 Charles I., chap. 33, A. D. 1642, and ending in 1646, when all 
 further subscription ceased. It was not until 1653 that prepara¬ 
 tions were made for setting out lands in satisfaction. Eleven years 
 had then elapsed since the 6rst Act of Subscription in 1642. Some 
 of the original Adventurers were, of course, dead, and others of 
 them had sold and assigned their Adventures. An order of the 
 Council of State of i June, 1653, was made, regulating the method 
 to be pursued by the Adventurers in proceeding to obtain satisfac¬ 
 tion by lot for their adventures. A Committee, appointed by that 
 order, were directed to examine the truth of all men’s claims, and 
 to make out a book containing the sums of money they should 
 allow, and the names as well of the first Adventurers as of the 
 persons then claiming the adventures. They were to give each 
 Adventurer a certificate, setting forth what number of acres were 
 due to him in English measure, in satisfaction of the proportion 
 
 ' Lib. M., fo. 324, Record Tower, Dublin Castle. “ By His Majesty’s com¬ 
 mand, all tbe records of this kingdom which relate to the distribution of lands 
 by the Act of Settlement have been searched, and extracts made out of them in 
 order to the discovery of concealed lands. This work is contained in twelve 
 or fourteen volumes, now ready to be sent over.” Earl of Essex to Secretary 
 Conway, 22nd May, 1675. “Letters written by His Excellency .\rthur Capel, 
 Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in the year 1675,” p. 284. 4to. 
 London: 1770. Of these volumes only nine now remain. 
 
 2 D 
 
402 
 
 LIST OF THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 due to him by the former Acts and Ordinances in Irish measure; 
 and this certificate, under the hands and seals of any Five of the 
 Committee, was to be the warrant to make his claim in Ireland. 
 They were further to make an entry in a book of every certificate 
 they should issue, expressing the sum, and the name of the first 
 Adventurer, and of the person to whom such certificate should be 
 given, together with the proportion of lands due to him, as con¬ 
 tained in the certificate. And they were to cause a transcript 
 to be made in a Parchment Roll, and transmitted to the Chamber 
 of London, there to remain as a public record. There were 
 thus provided two complete records of the names'fof the Ad¬ 
 venturers, and their subscriptions, and the quantities of land 
 required to satisfy them—one to remain with the Committee of 
 Adventurers (at Grocers’ Hall, it is presumed); the other in the 
 Chamber of London. All the books of the Adventurers’ proceedings 
 were, on 23rd September, 1671, handed over by Sir Joseph Wil¬ 
 liamson to Sir James Shaen,’ keeper of the papers relating to the 
 King’s Declaration for the Settlement of Ireland, and perished with 
 the papers relating to the execution of the Acts of Settlement in the 
 fire that consumed the Council Ofiice in Essex-street, Dublin, on 
 Sunday, 15th April, 1711,^ and amongst them, probably, the Book 
 containing the lists of the original Adventurers and their assignees. 
 
 With regard to the Roll ordered to be lodged in the Chamber of 
 London, it was commonly said, in answer to inquiries made some 
 years ago, that it had probably been burnt, with other documents of 
 that depository, in the great fire of London, in 1666. But this 
 being found to be a mistake, application was made to the Town 
 Clerk of London, in September, 1869; but on search made, he 
 reported that he could find no such roll. If it should turn out 
 that the list copied into this volume is the only one surviving, it 
 will, of course, be all the more valuable. 
 
 * Letter of A. Kingston, Esq., Public Record Office, London, July, 1862. 
 
 * Reference (28tb September, 17 ii), on petition of Hugh Clement, Record 
 Tower, Dublin Castle, Carton, No. 219. 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 403 
 
 “the names and subscriptions of the adventurers for 
 
 LANDS IN IRELAND, AS ALSO OF THOSE WHO SUBSCRIBED 
 FOR Y' SEA SERVICE.” 
 
 [Where a less sum than that subscribed was paid, the part payment is put in 
 the outer column.] 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 1. John Pim, Esq., a member of y' House, . 600 
 
 2. Sir John Potts, Ka‘. and Bart., a member of 
 
 y' House, ...... 600 
 
 3. John Ash, Esq., a member of y® House, and 
 
 compartners, ..... 1200 
 
 4. Nathaniel Hallows, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 300 
 
 5. Hugh Ratcliffe, ...... 300 
 
 6. Walter Lee, . . . . . .150 
 
 7. Francis Newman, . . . . .150 
 
 8. George Clarke, merchant taylor, . . .100 
 
 9. Richard Collect, merchant taylor, . .100 
 
 10. Robert Barefoot, merchant taylor, . . 100 
 
 11. Thomas Pargiter, grocer, . . . .100 
 
 12. John Locke, blacksmith, . . . .100 
 
 13. John Wilde, Serj*-at-Law, a member of y*’ 
 
 House, ...... 200 
 
 14. Thomas Lane, ...... 400 
 
 15. William Adams, ..... 200 
 
 16. Edmond Pott, ...... 200 
 
 17. Joane Lane, widdow, ..... 200 
 
 18. Robert Reynolds, Esq., a member of y'House, 1200 
 
 19. Sir Robert Pye, a member of y'House, . 1000 
 
 20. Sir Thomas Barrington, Knb and Barb, mem¬ 
 
 ber of y' House, . . . . .1200 
 
 2 D 2 
 
404 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 2 1. Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston, Kn‘., a member 
 
 of y® House, ..... 700 
 
 22. William Heveningham, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 23. AVilliam Heveningham for himself and others, 1200 
 
 24. Thomas Eden, Dh of Law, a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 25. Sir David Watkins, of London, . . . 2025 
 
 26. Sir Edward Mumford, Knh, a member of y“ 
 
 House, ...... 300 
 
 27. Richard Harmon, a member of y' House, . 300 
 
 28. Sir William Brereton, Kn*. and Bar*., a 
 
 member of y® House, . . . .1200 
 
 29. Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Kn*. and Bar*., a mem¬ 
 
 ber of y*" House, ..... 600 
 
 30. James Barnes, of y® Inner Temple, gent., . 400 
 
 31. Thomas Page, of Eoxe, in Middlesex, . .100 
 
 32. Samuel Edlin, of Pinner, in Middlesex, gent., 100 
 
 33. flrancis Duke of Westminster, gent., . . 200 
 
 34. Henry Arrundell, of Northall, in Middlesex, 
 
 gent.,.150 
 
 35. Katherine Baker, of Uxbridge, ... 80 
 
 36. William and John Arrundel, of Keninton, in 
 
 Middlesex, . . . . . .100 
 
 37. Richard Nicholl, of [ ] in Middlesex, 50 
 
 38. Daniel Enderbe, of Staines, in Middlesex, . 50 
 
 39. Thomas Palentine, of [ ], . . . 100 
 
 40. John Poulter, of [ ], ... 70 
 
 41. John Gowrdon, Esq., a member of y" House, 1000 
 
 42. Sir John ffranklin, Kn*., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 43. Sir Samuel Role, Kn*., a member of y® House, 1000 
 
 44. John Hampden, Esq., a member of y® House, 1000 
 
 45. Sir William Waller, Kn*., a member of y® 
 
 House,.1000 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 405 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 46. Sir Robert Parkhurst, Knb, a member of y‘ 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 1000 
 
 
 47. John Lisle, Esq., a member of y® House, 
 
 48. Bulstrode Whitlock, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 600 
 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 400 
 
 
 49. Harbert Morley, Esq., a member of y'House, 
 
 50. William Spurston, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 600 
 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 400 
 
 
 51. James Rand, apothecary, . . . . 
 
 52. Sb John Evelin, of Godston, a member of y“ 
 
 200 
 
 
 House, . . .... 
 
 600 
 
 
 53. Thomas Cole, merchant taylor. 
 
 300 
 
 
 54. Richard Sherbrooke, ..... 
 
 300 
 
 
 55. William Hitchcocke, merchant taylor. 
 
 150 
 
 
 56. William Henman, merchant taylor, 
 
 150 
 
 
 57. S'' Walter Earle, a member of y' House, 
 
 600 
 
 300 
 
 58. Oliver St. John, Esq., a member of y'House, 
 
 59. Sb Edward Bayntun, Kn‘., a member of y® 
 
 600 
 
 300 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 60. Sb Thomas Soame, Kn‘. a member of y" 
 
 600 
 
 450 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 1000 
 
 
 61. John Blackiston, of Newcastle, Esq., a mem¬ 
 
 900 
 
 
 ber of y" House, ..... 
 
 600 
 
 300 
 
 62. Arthur Goodwin, Esq., a member of y® House, 
 
 400 
 
 
 63. Anthony Ratcliff, ..... 
 
 300 
 
 
 64. Thomas Knight, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 65. Matthew Pedder, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 66. Thomas ffountaine, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 67. John Pirn, ...... 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 68. Richard Gardner, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 69. Thomas Wyan, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 70. Phillip Owen, ...... 
 
 200 
 
 
 71. Thomas Knight, Esq., .... 
 
 72. Oliver Cromwell, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 200 
 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 300 
 
 
4 o6 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 73. Moses Wall, of Marg‘. New ffish-street, . 200 
 
 74. Elizabeth Austrey, servant to Cromwell, 200 
 
 75. S" Samuel Owfeild, Kn‘, a member of y*" 
 
 House, . . . . . .1 joo 
 
 76. Sh Arthur Hazlerigg, Kn*. and Barb, a mem¬ 
 
 ber of y® House, ..... looo 
 
 77. S® W. Drake, Knh and Bar‘., a member of 
 
 y® House, . . .... 300 
 
 78. Gabrieli Brooke, of Lincoln’s Inn, gent., . 300 
 
 79. Richard Bernard, of Lincoln’s Inn, gent., . 200 
 
 80. John Culpepper, Kn‘, a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 150 
 
 81. Alexander and Bence, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, [so in the original], . 600 
 
 82. Anthony Bedingfeild, of London, mercer, and 
 W”® Cage, of Ipswich, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 700 
 
 83. W™ Glanvill, Esq., a member of y® House, 600 
 
 84. John Trenchard, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 85. Samuel Vassel, of London, Esq., a member 
 
 of y® House, ..... 1230 300 
 
 86. The Lord Wenman, a member of y® House, 600 
 
 87. John Packer, of Westminster, Esq., . . 600 
 
 88. John Browne, Esq., Clerk of House of Peers, 600 
 
 89. S’ Anthony Ashley Cooper, Bar‘, a member 
 
 of y® House, ..... 600 ij;o 
 
 90. Richard Winwood, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 300 
 
 91. S’ William Masham, Bar*., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 92. Martin Lumley, Esq., a member of y® House, 1200 
 
 93. John Role, Esq., of Devon, a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 450' 
 
 94. John Crew, of Steane, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
THE ADVENTURERS 
 
 407 
 
 £ 
 
 95. S". ThomasDacres, Kn‘., a member of y'House, 600 
 
 96. Cornelius Holland, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 97. Nath' ffyenns. Esq., a member of y' House, 
 
 and Henry Pett, ..... 600 
 
 98. S" John Harrison, Kn.*, a member of y*" House, 1200 
 
 99. William Harrison, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 100. George Barker, of Richmond, Esq., . . 200 
 
 101. ffrancis Rogers, of Nonsuch, Esq., . . 100 
 
 102. John Bentley, of Lincoln’s Inn, Graning in 
 
 Middlesex, gent., .... 200 
 
 103. Nicholas Knapp, of Ewill, in Surrey, gent., too 
 
 104. S’ Edward Hale, Bar‘, a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 1200 
 
 105. John Ewelin, of the Middle Temple, London, 600 
 
 106. John and Robert Goodwin, Esq”., members 
 
 of y® House, ..... 600 
 
 107. William Stroud, Esq., member of y® House, 
 
 and compartners, .... 600 
 
 108. S’ Gilbert Pickering, Kn‘., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 600 
 
 109. S’. Edward Ayscough, Kn*.,a member of y® 
 
 House, ..... . 600 
 
 110. George Buller, Esq., a member of y® House, 600 
 
 111. Walter Long, Esq,, a member of y® House, 1200 
 
 112. Robert Sutton, Esq., a member of y® House, 200 
 
 113. Isaacke Penington, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 House, ...... 1000 
 
 114. James Cambell, Esq., a member of y® House, 600 
 
 115. Henry Martin, Esq., a member of y® House, 1200 
 
 116. S’ Richard Onslow, Kn*., a member of y® 
 
 House, .... . . 400 
 
 117. John Browne, Esq., a member of y® House, 600 
 
 118. S’ William Morley, Kn‘., a member of y® 
 
 House, , . . . . .1200 
 
 £ i. d. 
 
 200 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 3 CO 
 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 450 
 
 300 
 
4 o8 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 119. Edward Partheridge, Kn‘., a member of 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 y® House, ...... 
 
 600 
 
 
 120. S'^JohuHorthcott, Knb, amember of y^House, 
 
 121, ffrancis Drake, Esq., a member of y^ House, 
 
 450 
 
 225 
 
 and compartners, .... 
 
 600 
 
 
 122. Miles Corbett, Esq., a member of y' House, 
 
 200 
 
 
 123. S''JohnDryden,Bart.,a member of y"^House, 
 
 124.. S'' William Strickland, BaP., a member of y' 
 
 600 
 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 600 
 
 
 125. John Barker, Esq., a member of y® House, 
 
 126. Richard Shuttleworth, Esq., a member of 
 
 1200 
 
 
 y® House, ...... 
 
 600 
 
 450 
 
 127. John Jesson, Esq., a member of y" House, 
 
 300 
 
 75 
 
 128. Thomas Hoyle, Esq., a member of y° House, 
 
 129. Gilbert Willington, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 600 
 
 450 
 
 House, and compartners. 
 
 1275 
 
 
 130. Dennis Bond, Esq., a member of y" House, 
 
 131. Augustine Skinner, Esq., a member of y® 
 
 2000 
 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 132. S'' William Allenson, En*., a member of y" 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 House, . ..... 
 
 600 
 
 300 
 
 133. Roger Mathew, Esq., a member of y® House, 
 134 Edward Lord Littleton, Keeper of the Great 
 
 300 
 
 
 Seale, ....... 
 
 600 
 
 150 
 
 135. Philip Earle of Pembrooke and Mountgomery, 
 
 136. S'' Jacob Garrard, Kn‘., and Alderman of 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 600 
 
 London, ...... 
 
 600 
 
 
 137. Thomas Adams, of London, Alderman, 
 
 600 
 
 
 138, S' Nicholas Crispe, Kn*., and compartners,. 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 900 
 
 139. John Towse, of London, Alderman, . 
 
 140. S' John Wollaston, of London, Knh and Al¬ 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 derman, ..... 
 
 900 
 
 
 141. Richard Gipps, ofHogsden, Esq., 
 
 200 
 
 
 142. Thomas Viner, of London, goldsmith. 
 
 200 
 
 
 143. ffrancis Ashe, of London, goldsmith, . 
 
 200 
 
 
 144. W. Daniel, of London, goldsmith, 
 
 100 
 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 409 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 145. Humphrey Bedingfield, of London, gold¬ 
 
 smith, ....... 200 
 
 146. William Gibbs, of London, goldsmith, . 200 
 
 147. D''John King, of St. Albans, . . .100 
 
 148. Richard Morrall, of London, goldsmith, . 100 
 
 149. Francis Wolley, a compartner, of London, 
 
 haberdasher, . . . . .100 
 
 150. Alexander Jackson, of London, goldsmith, 100 
 
 151. George Gipps, Parson of Ailston, . .100 
 
 152. John ffowke, of London, Alderman, . . 600 
 
 153. John Warner, of London, Alderman, . 380 
 
 1 54. Lawrence Hawlsted, of London, Esq., Aider- 
 
 man, ....... 600 150 
 
 155. Thomas Andrews, of London, Alderman, . 675 
 
 156. Richard Sallwey, of London, Fish-streetHill, 1000 
 
 157. Sampson Sheffeild, pensb to the King’s 
 
 Majesty, ...... 400 
 
 158. Francis Smith, of Greenwich, . . . 200 50 
 
 139. John Solsted, of London, mercer, . . 600 
 
 160. Gabril Miles, of London, mercer, . . 800 
 
 161. Edward Mileston, Dq of Physicke, . . 200 
 
 162. George Almery, gent., .... 800 
 
 163. John Holland, gent., .... 400 
 
 164. _Penning Ailster, grocer, .... 200 
 
 165. William Reynold, mercer, . . . 200 
 
 166. Joseph Ailston, merchant, . . .200 
 
 167. John ffountain, of ffilpot-lane, . . . 300 
 
 168. Richard Hull, draper, in Cheapside, . . 200 
 
 169. Ahasuerus Regmerter, Db of Physicke, . 400 
 
 170. Philip Starky, cooke in Gracious-street, . 203 
 
 171. Henry Godsden, of Darkeing, in Surrey, . 100 
 
 172. John Young, draper, in Lumbard-street, . 100 
 
 173. Job Weale, of Kingstone, in Surrey, phisitian, 600 374 8 
 
 174. Samuel Moody, of Bury, in Suffolk, . . 200 
 
 175. John Sparrow, of Reed, in Suff., 
 
 100 
 
4 I o 
 
 THli ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 176. John Bright, of Bury, in SufFolke, 
 
 300 
 
 
 177. John Clerke, of Bury, in Suff., . 
 
 300 
 
 
 178. William Crickmore, of Bury, in Suff., 
 
 300 
 
 
 179. Hugh Grove, of Bury, in Suff., . 
 
 100 
 
 
 180. Jasper Pheasant, of Dublin, in Ireland, 
 
 181. William Harry man, of Canon-street, mer¬ 
 
 100 
 
 
 chant taylor, ... 
 
 100 
 
 
 182. John Snow, in Cannon-street, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 183. John Parker, of Mary Atthill, London, 
 
 700 
 
 
 184. Richard Coish, skinner, in Watling-street, 
 
 185. William Alcocke, jh, in Canon-street, mer¬ 
 
 120 
 
 
 chant taylor, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 186. Sam Debbe, or Dabbe, of London, grocer, . 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 187. Thomas Thorould, of London, Esq., . 
 
 188. The Masters and Governors of y*^ Barber 
 
 600 
 
 
 Chirurgeons, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 189. Abraham Jackson, of Newington, elk., 
 
 300 
 
 
 190. John Baker, of London, weaver, 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 191. Thomas Orchard, of London, chandler, 
 
 100 
 
 
 192. Jeoffry Galton, of London, 
 
 25 
 
 
 193. William Almond, pewterer. 
 
 25 
 
 
 194. George Eaie, stationer, .... 
 
 25 
 
 
 195. Thomas Rogers, of Dartford, in Kent, Esq., 
 
 100 
 
 
 196. Thomas Round, ..... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 
 197. John Round, ...... 
 
 198, Isaacke Thompson, of Dartford, in Kent, 
 
 50 
 
 
 linning draper, ..... 
 
 50 
 
 
 199. William Balam, of Lincoln’s Inn, 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 200. Valentine ffigg, of ffleet-street, . 
 
 201. Daniel Lewis and compartners, of London, 
 
 100 
 
 
 merchant taylors, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 202. John Lamott, of London, Esq., . 
 
 600 
 
 
 203. Edward Michell, of London, scrivener, 
 
 50 
 
 
 204. John Warden, of London, grocer. 
 
 600 
 
 150 
 
 205. Henry Polsted, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 

 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 2o6. 
 
 William Farrington, . ... . 
 
 200 
 
 
 207. 
 
 Thomas Barnardiston, . . . . 
 
 200 
 
 
 208. 
 
 Hugh Morris, ...... 
 
 200 
 
 
 209. 
 
 Thomas Stubbins, ... 
 
 200 
 
 
 210. 
 
 Caldwell ffarrington, .... 
 
 200 
 
 
 21 I. 
 
 Henry Polsteed, jb, . . . . . 
 
 200 
 
 
 2 I 2 . 
 
 William Risby, draper, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 213. 
 
 Samuel Moyer, merchant. 
 
 300 
 
 75 
 
 214.. 
 
 Robert Dowys, of Lowghton, . 
 
 300 
 
 
 215. 
 
 Simon Dun, of London, ironmonger, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 216, 
 
 John Hoxton, of Wapping, shipwright, 
 
 100 
 
 
 217. 
 
 Thomas Cory, Prothonotary of H. M.’s Court 
 
 
 
 
 of Conion Pleas, ..... 
 
 300 
 
 
 218. 
 
 Thomas How, of South Okenden, . 
 
 300 
 
 
 219. 
 
 Thomas Smith, of London, 
 
 100 
 
 
 220. 
 
 John Yates, minister, of Herefordshire, 
 
 100 
 
 
 22 1. 
 
 Edward Pinner, in Herefordshire, 
 
 100 
 
 
 222. 
 
 William Low, of Elton, in Hereford¬ 
 
 
 
 
 shire, elk., ...... 
 
 100 
 
 
 223. 
 
 William Botterill, of Ludlow, in Sallop, 
 
 50 
 
 
 224. 
 
 John King, of London, haberdasher, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 225. 
 
 Robert Crowley, of Whitechappel, haber¬ 
 
 
 
 
 dasher, ...... 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 226. 
 
 Robert Adams, of White chappel, marryner. 
 
 100 
 
 
 227. 
 
 Richard Dornelly, and copartners. 
 
 200 
 
 
 228. 
 
 William fflesher, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 229. 
 
 Richard Hunt, of London, merchant, 
 
 600 
 
 
 230. 
 
 John Pordage, DU of Physicke, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 23 '- 
 
 Henry ffalder, of London, haberdasher. 
 
 200 
 
 
 232. 
 
 Nicholas Lockier, of Islington, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 233- 
 
 Richard Wade, of London, carpenter. 
 
 6100 
 
 100 
 
 2 34 - 
 
 Thomas Hall, of London, cordwayner. 
 
 100 
 
 
 235- 
 
 Henry Day, of London, mercer, 
 
 300 
 
 200 
 
 236. Mathew Owen, of London, grocer, 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 237- 
 
 John Oldfeild, of London, ffishmonger. 
 
 200 
 
 
412 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 238. Nicholas Parry, of St. Andrew’s, Hol- 
 
 burne, ....... 
 
 239. Charles Crooke, of Atnersham, in Bucks, . 
 
 240. Osmond Colchester, and James Peacocke, . 
 
 241. Capt. Edmond Harvy, . . . . 
 
 242. Edmond Sleigh, . . 
 
 243. ffrancis Dashwood, . . . ^ . 
 
 244. Nathaniel Deards, of London, merchant, 
 
 245. John Carter, leather seller, 
 
 246. Nicholas Bonner, painter staeyner, 
 
 247. William Woodhouse, in Hartfordshire, 
 
 248. John Allen, clerke, . . . . . 
 
 249. Ann Cheney, of Cree Church, widdow, 
 
 250. Ralph Tartle, of London, ffishmonger, 
 
 251. William Molins, of London, innkeeper, 
 
 252. John Harriot, of London, merchant, . 
 
 253. Thomas Harriot, of Wapping, marriner, 
 
 254. Elizabeth Bradshaw, of St. Katherine’s 
 
 widdow, ...... 
 
 255. Thomas Owen, of Saffron Walden, . . . 
 
 256. John Braket, of Syon Colledge, 
 
 257. Peter Stubber, of Catteaton-street, 
 
 258. Thomas Boggeste, of London, turner, 
 
 259. John Hawes, of London, mercer, 
 
 260. Hugh Nettleship, of London, salter, . 
 
 261. Richard Beamont, of Aldermanbury, 
 
 262. William Babb, of White Chappel, 
 
 263. Edmund Pike, of Wapping, 
 
 264. James ffisher, of Streetham, 
 
 265. Daniel Canting, of London, grocer, 
 
 266. Benjamin King, of fflamsted, 
 
 267. Nathaniel Anderson, of Cowley, clerke, 
 
 268. John Thewel, of Redburne, gent., 
 
 269. John Catlin, of fflamstead,.... 
 
 270. Thomas House, brownbaker, 
 
 £ £ 
 
 5 ° 
 
 225 
 
 5 ° 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 50 
 
 5 ° 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 75 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 200 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 50 
 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 ICO 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 a. 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 271. John Kilby, of Whitamstead, in Hartford- 
 
 shire, . . . . . . .50 
 
 272. Abraham Babington, of London, draper, . 100 
 
 273. Stephen White, of London, grocer, . . 600 
 
 274. James Hublon, of London, merchant, . 600 
 
 275. James Hublon, of London, dyer, . . 50 
 
 276. Charles Woodward, of Nayland, clother, . 100 
 
 277. Peter Ducane, of London, . . . . 200 
 
 278. John and Benjamin Ducane, of London, . 100 
 
 279. Peter Hublon, of London, dyer, . . 200 
 
 280. John Elate, of London, merchant tailor, . 100 
 
 281. Edward Smith, of London, merchant, . 100 
 
 282. Thomas Vincent, of London, leather seller, 300 
 
 283. John Brett, of London, merchant taylor, . 700 
 
 284. William Beeke, of London, merchant taylor, 300 
 
 285. George Seignejurall, Lord of y® Tower 
 
 Liberty, . . . . . .50 
 
 286. John fFenton, of London, .... 100 
 
 287. Godfrey Beene, of London, . . .100 
 
 288. Henry Coles, ...... 50 
 
 289. Stephen Archebold, ..... 50 
 
 290. Edward Litmaker, . . . . .100 
 
 291. William Seale, ...... 25 
 
 292. George Gregson, ..... 50 
 
 293. Nicholas Gregson, merchant taylor, . .100 
 
 294. William Blackborrow, leather seller, . 50 
 
 295. Thomas Irens, of London, ... 60 
 
 296. Richard Irens, of London, ... 25 
 
 297. Christopher Nicholson, ffishmonger, . . 25 
 
 298. John Lee, saddler, ..... 100 
 
 299. Richard Newton, merchant taylor, . . 300 
 
 300. Richard Dawes, pewterer, . . . 300 
 
 301. Owen Jones, pewterer, . . . .100 
 
 302. William Sherlocke, . . . . .100 
 
 303. Joseph Biggs, clerke, .... 50 
 
 413 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 37 10 
 
414 thk adventurers. 
 
 £ £ s. (i. 
 
 304. Edward and Thomas ffletcher, . . .100 
 
 305. Henry Davenport, woodmonger, . . 25 
 
 306. John Stephenson, of London, blacksmith, . 50 
 
 307. John Reynolds, blacksmith, . . -25 
 
 308. John fFarwell, of Hogsdon, knt., . . 100 
 
 309. William Underwood, of London, grocer, . 300 
 
 310. Richard Rogers, of London, grocer, . .100 
 
 311. James Hayes, of London, grocer, . . 100 
 
 312. Thomas Cocke, of London, salter, . . 200 
 
 313. John Mastall, of London, haberdasher, . 100 
 
 314. Richard Olutterbucke, of London, mercer, 700 
 
 315. Thomas Prince, of London, cloth worker, . 25 
 
 316. Peter Prince, of London, tallow chandler, . 25 
 
 317. Richard Vernon, of London, pewterer, . 100 
 
 318. Thomas Chewning, of London, skinner, . 100 
 
 319. William Ridgeo, of-, skinner, . .120 
 
 320. John fidetcher, of London, upholsterer, . 120 iio 
 
 321. John Turlington, of London, spectacle 
 
 maker, . . . . . . .120 
 
 322. Richard Castle, of London, . . .120 
 
 323. fFrancis Scott, of London, . . . .120 
 
 324. ffrancis Parsons, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ...... 40 
 
 325. Roger Stackhouse, ..... 20 
 
 326. Samuel Elliot, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 327. Thomas Hodges, of London, . . . 600 
 
 328. Thomas Stone, of London, haberdasher, . 300 
 
 329. James ffletcher, in the Old Jewry, . . 200 
 
 330. John Hatt, of London, gent., . . . 300 
 
 331. Samuel Warner, grocer, and William 
 
 Thompson, salter, .... 600 
 
 332. William Peymoyer, cloth worker, . . 600 150 
 
 [333 Omitted in the original.] 
 
 334. Richard Loton, of London, brewer, . . 100 
 
 335. Maurice and George Thompson, . . 700 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 336. Richard Mountney, of London, mercer, 
 
 337, Alexander Gill, late of Lorgan, in Ard- 
 
 150 
 
 
 magh, ....... 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 338. Jeremiah Hearne, of Hunsden, . 
 
 200 
 
 
 339. Henry Hastings, of Kingston, Esq., . 
 
 100 
 
 
 340. Jasper Davis, of London, turner. 
 
 150 
 
 
 341. Stephen Offley, of London, merchant. 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 342. Thomas Woodcocke, of London, grocer, 
 
 100 
 
 
 343. Thomas Mills, of London, skinner. 
 
 100 
 
 5° 
 
 344. John Lake, of London, skinner. 
 
 200 
 
 
 345. Robert Kirkam, of London, bowyer. 
 
 50 
 
 
 346. Robert Beard, of Thaydon Garnon, tanner. 
 
 200 
 
 
 347. John Steele, of London, salter, . 
 
 348. Thomas Stratton, of London, merchant 
 
 50 
 
 
 taylor, ...... 
 
 50 
 
 37 
 
 349. Joan Matthew, widdow, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 350. William Graves, blacksmith. 
 
 100 
 
 
 351. James Blatt, London, draper, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 352. John Ames, of London, draper. 
 
 50 
 
 
 353. Edmund Blatt, of London, 
 
 50 
 
 
 354. Stafford Clare, of London, wax chandler, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 355. John Goodwin, paster, of Coleman-street, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 356. Mark Hildesley, of Coleman-street, 
 
 100 
 
 
 357. Christopher Nicholson, of Coleman-street, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 358. George Dover, of Coleman-street, pothecary. 
 
 100 
 
 
 359. Thomas Lamb, of London, leather seller. 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 360. An Tutty, of Coleman-street, 
 
 100 
 
 
 361. William Tilsley, of Blackfryers, 
 
 100 
 
 
 362. Richard Ashurst, of London, draper. 
 
 100 
 
 
 363. ffrancis ffinch, of London, cloth worker. 
 
 100 
 
 
 364. Thomas Snow, of Cripple-gate Without, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 365. Symon Smith, of London, tallow chandler. 
 
 100 
 
 
 366. Henry Procter of London, weaver. 
 
 100 
 
 
 367. William Levitt, of London, woodmonger, . 
 
 5° 
 
 25 
 
 368. Henry Overton of London, stationer. 
 
 25 
 
 
41 6 THE ADVKNTURERS. 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 369. Joseph Sibley, of London, tallow chandler, . 25 
 
 370. Nicholas Haward, of London, grocer, . 50 
 
 371. John Wheatley, of London, scrivener, . 25 
 
 372. John Panter, of London, merchant taylor, . 50 
 
 373. Richard Broomer, of London, larymer, . 25 
 
 374. Richard Beighton, of London, Sadler,. . 50 
 
 375. John Hinde, of London, merchant taylor, . 25 
 
 376. Nathaniel Grannow, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ...... 25 
 
 377. Ambrose Coombs, . . . . .25 
 
 378. Richard Richardson, of London, tallow 
 
 chandler, . . . . . .25 
 
 379. Richard Lucas, of London, plaisterer, . 50 
 
 380. William Mountagne, London, baker, . 25 
 
 381. James Bendigo, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, . . . . . . -25 
 
 382. George Sadler, of London, merchant taylor, 25 
 
 383. Moyses Jenkins, of Coleman-street, . . too 
 
 384. George Thompson, stationer, . . . 700 
 
 385. John Martin, of Guildford, and compartners, 250 
 
 386. William Webster, of London, merchant, and 
 
 compartners, . . . . . 300 
 
 387. George Snell, of London, stationer, . . 200 
 
 388. Richard Lloyd, of London, girdler, . . 300 
 
 389. John Dodd, of London, salter, . . . 200 
 
 390. William Bisby, of London, . . . 100 
 
 391. George Warren, of London, draper, . . 100 
 
 392. George Thoroughgood, of Horne Church, 
 
 Esq., ....... 600 150 
 
 393. William Ballard, of Horne Church, . . 200 
 
 394. Thomas Rogers, of Horne Church, . . 25 
 
 395. George Browne, of Horne Church,] . . 25 
 
 396. John Banks, of London, gent., . . . 100 
 
 397. Charles Doyley, of London, tallow chandler, 100 
 
 398. Nathaniel and Thomas Weeks, . . .100 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 399. John Kothwell, bookseller, 
 
 400. Robert Barrett, ..... 
 
 401. Luke ffawne, bookseller, . . . . 
 
 402. William Boulton, . . . . . 
 
 403. James Clerke, ...... 
 
 404. Anthony Dowse, ..... 
 
 405. Daniel Elderby, ..... 
 
 406. Robert Childe, ..... 
 
 407. Christopher Whitekett, .... 
 
 408. Robert Maltas, of Reading, clothier, . 
 
 409. Abraham Ottyer, of London, 
 
 410. Arthur Juxton, of London, salter, 
 
 411. John Juxton, gent., ..... 
 
 412. Thomas Juxton, merchant taylor, 
 
 413. Mathew Biggs, gent., . . . . 
 
 414. Tempest Miller, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 415. Samuel Turner, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 416. Maurice Gitting, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ...... 
 
 417. William Wagstaffe, merchant taylor, . 
 
 418. Henry Ashurst, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 419. Barnabas Meare, of London, draper, . 
 
 420. Richard Allot, of London, haberdasher, 
 
 421. Richard Turner, Senior and Junior, mer¬ 
 
 chant taylors, ..... 
 
 422. Thomas Alcocke, of London, haberdasher, . 
 
 423. John Ballard, of London, skinner, 
 
 424. Roger Lambert, ..... 
 
 425. Ralph Carter, ...... 
 
 426. Thomas Randall, ..... 
 
 427. Miles Biggs, ...... 
 
 428. Isaacke Gould, of London, draper, 
 
 429. John Jurin, of London, dyer, 
 
 430. Isaacke Jurin, of London, weaver, 
 
 431. Abraham Jurin, of London, weaver, 
 
 2 E 
 
 £ 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 5 ° 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 120 
 
 600 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 5 ° 
 
 200 
 
 300 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 300 
 100 
 100 
 
 £ 
 
 5° 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 417 
 
 «. d. 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 10 o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 41 8 
 
 £ £ s. 
 
 432. John Lordell, of London, grocer, . . 100 
 
 433. Richard Shingler, of London, draper, . 100 
 
 434. Robert Dringe, . . . . .100 
 
 435. John Hodilow, chirurgeon, ... 25 
 
 436. Richard Hodilow, . . . . .25 
 
 437. Richard Shute, of London, merchant, . 200 
 
 438. Thomas Davey, of Beckley, in Sussex, . 600 
 
 439. William Ball, of London, clothworker, . 200 
 
 440. Abraham Deskeene, of London, weaver, . 200 
 
 441. Jeofifry Thomas, of London, merchant tay- 
 
 lor, ....... 200 
 
 442. John Stipe, throwster, . . . .100 
 
 443. Daniel Dupree, of London, merchant, . 300 
 
 444. Everard Boulton, barber chirurgeon, . 100 25 
 
 445. Robert Lewillin, of London, salter, . . 100 25 
 
 446. Henry Boyce, of London, tallow chandler, 100 
 
 447. John Rayment, of London, white baker, . 300 
 
 448. John Pallin, of London, white baker, . 300 
 
 449. Alexander Partridge, of London, ffarrier, . 80 
 
 450. Robert Joseph, of Hartford, in Kent, . 50 
 
 451. John Daves, of London, chandler, . . 50 6 
 
 452. John Tabor, of London, goldsmith, . . 50 
 
 453. John Kendrick, of London, grocer, . . 700 
 
 454. Richard Darnely, of London, haberdasher, 100 
 
 455. John Suelling, of London, pewterer, . . 200 100 
 
 456. Edward Keddermister, of London, gent., . 100 
 
 457. Thomas Barwicke, of London, grocer,' . 100 
 
 458. Thomas Waters, of London, cordwayner, . 100 
 
 459. John Jeffryes, of London, grocer, . . 100 
 
 460. George Hudson, of London, haberdasher, . 100 
 
 461. Nathaniel Humphreys, of London, iron¬ 
 
 monger, . . . . . .100 
 
 462. Arthur Turner, Serjeant at Law, . . 200 
 
 463. Silvester Dennis, of London, dyer, . . 160 
 
 464. Edward Cooke, of London, apothecary, . 675 
 
 d. 
 
 o o 
 o o 
 
 5 o 
 
 o o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 465. George Witham, of London, leather seller, 
 
 300 
 
 
 466. John Hurste, of London, cooke, 
 
 467. Alexander Jones and Robert Meode, mer¬ 
 
 300 
 
 
 chant taylors, ..... 
 
 675 
 
 
 468. John Smith, of Wooll Church, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 469. Thomas ffoote, of London, 
 
 600 
 
 
 470. Samuel Langham, of London, 
 
 600 
 
 
 471. Thomas Morton, of Craydon, in Surrey, 
 
 200 
 
 
 472. AnthonyDringe,ofLondon,merchant taylor, 
 
 100 
 
 
 473. Nathaniel Mickletwait, ffishmonger, . 
 
 25 
 
 
 474. William Tutty, of London, clerke. 
 
 25 
 
 
 475. John Sturdy, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 476. John King and ffrancis Whitston, of Lon¬ 
 
 25 
 
 
 don, ....... 
 
 100 
 
 
 477. Rose Underwood and William Skrenshaw, 
 
 100 
 
 
 478. William Allen, of London, vintner. 
 
 200 
 
 
 479. John Hunter, of London, . . . . 
 
 100 
 
 
 480. John y' sonne of Thomas Corke, saltier. 
 
 100 
 
 
 481. Richard Wilson, grocer, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 482. Edward Underwood, grocer. 
 
 100 
 
 
 483. Mathias Button, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 484. Christopher Merideth, .... 
 
 200 
 
 
 485. Nicholas Guy, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 486. Henry Colbron and Thomas Davis, . 
 
 75 
 
 
 487. Richard Warring, grocer, .... 
 
 2001 
 
 50 
 
 488. Thomas Turgis, grocer, .... 
 
 2001 
 
 5 ° 
 
 489. Robert Richard Smith, of London, 
 
 200 
 
 
 490. John Ashley, of London, ffishmonger. 
 
 100 
 
 
 491. Henry Graant, of London, draper. 
 
 60 
 
 
 492. Thomas ffreeman, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 493. Thomas Lenthall, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 494. James Clerke, ..... 
 
 200 
 
 
 495. Thomas Stocke, of London, 
 
 200 
 
 
 496. George Parker, of London, 
 
 200 
 
 
 497. Sarah Parker, of London, 
 
 200 
 
 
 2 E 2 
 
420 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 498. Michael Babington, of London, gent., . 200 
 
 499. Edward Overing, of London, salter, . . 20 
 
 500. Joseph Brand, of London, salter, . . 200 
 
 501. Thomas Pate, of London, cutler, . . 200 
 
 502. Eaph Triplett, of London, stationer, . , 300 
 
 503. William Barton, ..... 300 
 
 504. Thomas Bright well, of London, bow- 
 
 yer,.£233 6 s. 8 d. 
 
 505. Thomas Hussey, of London, grocer, £233 6s. 8c?. 
 
 506. John Lane, of London, . . £233 6s. 8c?. 
 
 507. Mathew and Thomas Younge, of London, 
 
 brewers, .... 
 
 508. Cornelius Burgess, D'. of Divinity, 
 
 509. William Jenny, 
 
 510. Perry Grine Pritty, . 
 
 511. Chropher Jenny, and Partner, . 
 
 512. Joseph Linge, .... 
 
 513. Giles Townesend, 
 
 514. Edward Carter, confectioner, 
 
 515. William Lorring, goldsmith, 
 
 516. Nathaniel Hall, of London, skinner, 
 
 517. George South, .... 
 
 518. Thomas Bewley, Senh, draper, . 
 
 519. Thomas Bewley, Junh, of London, 
 
 520. William Bewley, 
 
 521. John Blackwell, Senh, and compartners, of 
 
 London, ..... 
 
 522. Henry LifFkens, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ....... 
 
 523. Thomas Walmsley, of Great Kimble, in 
 
 Bucks, ...... 100 
 
 524. Michael Spenser, of Attercliffe, in York, 
 
 gent., ....... 600 150 
 
 525. William Sheppy, of Gravell Lane, . . 200 
 
 526. John Strange, of London, merchant taylor, 300 
 
 100 
 
 700 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 1000 500 
 50 27 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 527. Giles Dent, of London, salter, . . . 200 
 
 528. Maximilian Beard, of London, girdler, . 200 
 
 529. William Viner, of London, joyner, . . 200 
 
 530. Christopher Lipplate, of Mareborough, . 50 
 
 531. John Gearing, grocer, . . . 300 
 
 532. Christopher Bidle, white baker, . . 25 
 
 533. Thomas Harris, of London, mei’chant, . 100 
 
 534. Henry Box, Esq., ..... 400 
 
 535. Thomas Herrage, Esq., .... 400 
 
 536. William Ash well, merchant, . . 400 
 
 537. S''. Mathew Boynton, of Barmston, Knb 
 
 and Bar*., ...... 1000 
 
 538. Robert Greenwell, servant to Robert New¬ 
 
 ton, grocer, . . . . . • 5° 
 
 539. Peter Cole, of Ironmonger Lane, . . 50 
 
 540. Henry Hickman, of London, salter, . . 200 
 
 541. Richard Hill, of London, cordweyner, . 200 
 
 542. Robert Hayes, of London, . . . 200 
 
 543. Robert Robins, of London, glover, . . 300 
 
 544. Thomas Hutchins, of London, merchant, . 400 
 
 545. Thomas Harris, of London, grocer, . .100 
 
 546. William ffletcher, . . . . .100 
 
 547. John Parret, ...... 100 
 
 548. James Alford, of London, grocer, . . 50 
 
 549. Symon Barton, of London, stationer, . 50 
 
 550. John Deathicke, of London, mercer, . . 200 
 
 551. Captain Robert Tichburne, . . . 200 
 
 552. Joseph Barker, of London, skinner, . . 200 
 
 553. James Martin, of London, ffishmonger, . 600 
 
 554. Charles Lloyd, of London, draper, . . 600 
 
 555. Clement Coxon, of Wapping, taylor, . . 50 
 
 556. Joseph and Jonathan Blackwell, of London, 675 
 
 557. Henry ffeatherton, stationer, . . 1200 
 
 558. John Perry, of London, skinner, . . 
 
 559. William Priaulke, of Sussex, minister, . 50 
 
 £ 
 
 75 
 
 468 
 
 421 
 
 s. rf. 
 
 o o 
 
 15 o 
 
422 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 560. William Harrison, of Staple Inn, gent., . 100 
 
 561. John Biggs, of Maidstone, gent., . .150 
 
 562. George Haule, of Maidstone, gent., . . 250 
 
 563. Eichard Crispe, of Maidstone, gent., . . 600 
 
 564. Eobert Swinnocke, of Maidstone, gent., . 200 
 
 565. James Smith, of London, salter, . . 200 
 
 566. Eobert Hales, of Auescott, in Oxford¬ 
 
 shire, gent., ..... 1200 
 
 567. Abraham and Thomas Chamberlain, of 
 
 London, merchants, .... 600 
 
 568. Hezekiah Woodward, of London, gent., . 200 
 
 569. George Henly, of London, merchant, . 300 
 
 570. Eobert Henley, ..... 300 
 
 571. John Maynard, ..... 300 
 
 572. Humphry Browne, of London, girdler, and 
 
 compartners, . . . . .610 
 
 573. Edmond Peers, of London, grocer, . .100 
 
 574. Ealph Clarcke, of Chesterfield, in the Co. of 
 
 Derby, ....... 200 
 
 575. Thomas Bretland, of Chesterfield, . .100 
 
 576. Eichard Wood, of Chesterfield, . . . 100 
 
 577. William Heathcotte, of Chesterfield, . . 100 
 
 578. Paul ffletcher, of Chesterfield, . . .100 
 
 579. James Webster, of Chesterfield, . . 100 
 
 580. Eichard Walcott, of London, Esq., . . 600 
 
 581. Israel Scarlet, of London, baskettmaker, . 100 
 
 582. Joseph Smith, of St. Hellins, . . . 100 
 
 583. William Leete, of London, cordweyner, . 20 
 
 584. John Parker, of London, haberdasher, . 200 
 
 585. Henry Croane, ...... 200 
 
 586. John Seed, ...... 200 
 
 587. John Winkly, of London, haberdasher, . 40 
 
 589. Stephen Eastwicke, of London, girdler, . 200 
 
 590. George Miller, of London, stationer, £133 6s. 80^. 
 
 591. EdwardBruster, ofLondon, stationer, £133 6 s. Sd. 
 
 £ s. fi. 
 
 305 o o 
 
 50 o o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 423 
 
 £ £ s. a. 
 
 592. Richard Thrale, ofLondon, stationer, £133 6 s. od. 
 
 593. Samuel Harte, of London, ironmonger, . 150 
 
 594. Sarah Harte, of London, .... 50 
 
 595. Samuel Ivery, of London, merchant, . . 300 
 
 596. Robert Lambell, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 597. Gregory Parker, of London, haberdasher, . 50 
 
 598. Robert Garnar, of Sleeford, in Lincoln¬ 
 
 shire, ....... 200 
 
 599. William and Thomas Allen, of London, 
 
 grocers, ...... 600 
 
 600. S^ Henry Row, Kn‘., and Thomas Man, Esq., 600 
 
 601. George Scott, of London, grocer, . .100 
 
 602. Christopher Merricke, of London, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 200 
 
 603. Henry West, of London, marriner, . . 200 
 
 604. John flfowler, of London, clothworker, . 200 
 
 605. Hogan Howell, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 606. Theophilus Bidolph, of London, draper, . 200 
 
 607. Patrick Bamford, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, . . . . . . .100 
 
 608. Peter Mills, of London, bricklayer, . .100 
 
 609. Henry Pettit, of London, merchant taylor, 200 
 
 610. Henry Hampson, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ....... 200 
 
 611. Jarvis Blackwell, of London, skinner, . 100 
 
 612. George Wright, of London, skinner, . . 50 
 
 613. William Richardson, ofLondon, merchant 
 
 taylor, ....... 50 
 
 614. Richard and John Smith, ofLondon, plais- 
 
 terers, ....... 20 
 
 615. Robert Holman, of Rendle-hill, in Surrey, 
 
 gent., ....... 100 
 
 616. William Hampston, of [ ], in 
 
 Surry, . . . . . . .100 
 
 617. Jeoffry Holman, of [ ], in Surry, 100 
 
424 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 600 
 
 £ «. 
 
 618. Francis Cheny, of Chesham Boyes, Esq., . 
 
 619. Edward Merideth, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ...... 
 
 620. Soloman Sibly, of London, salter, 
 
 621. William Rogers, of London, 
 
 622. George ffarmer, of y® Inner Temple, Esq., 
 
 623. Mrs. Lucie Roch, of Rumford, . 
 
 624. William ffewster, of Richmond, in Surry, . 
 
 625. ffrancis Collins, of London, skinner, . 
 
 626. William Legatt, of London, leather seller, . 
 
 627. ffelix Kingston, of London, stationer, 
 
 628. Dame Elizabeth Soame, of Hauden, in 
 
 Essex, ....... 
 
 629. James Baynton, Esq., . . . . 
 
 630. Edmond Harrison, embroyderer, 
 
 631. William Withar Manny downe. Esq., 
 
 632. Richard Starkey, of Gravesend, gent., 
 
 633. Thomas Harding, of London, white baker, . 
 
 634. Giles Harding, of London, white baker, 
 
 635. William Hardening, ..... 
 
 636. Alice Harding, of Alenorth, 
 
 637. William Barker, of London, merchant, 
 
 638. Thomas Staine, of London, wax chandler, . 
 
 639. Robert Scare, of London, pewterer, . 
 
 640. Robert Wood, of London, wax chandler, . 
 
 641. Arther Loyd, of London, haberdasher, 
 
 642. Richard Porter, of Abbots Langley, Esq., . 
 
 643. Edward Hodgson, of London, goldsmith, . 
 
 644. Robert Gardner, of London, Esq., 
 
 645. S'Thomas Bendish, of Bumstead, in Essex, 
 
 Barb, ....... 
 
 646. William Dyke, of London, ironmonger, 
 
 647. Stephen Beale, of London, leather seller, . 
 
 648. Thomas Rodbeard, of London, ffishmonger 
 
 and compartners, . . . . . 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 600 
 50 25 
 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
 300 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 75 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 600 150 
 
 400 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 649. Robert Elie, of London, mercer, . .100 
 
 650. Elisha Rovins, of London, mercer, . .100 
 
 651. William Wade, London, merchant, . . 600 
 
 652. Ellis Good, of White Chappell, . .100 
 
 653. Nathaniel King, of Dunstans, in y*" West, . 50 
 
 654. ffrancis Peeke, of Guilford, minister, . . 25 
 
 655. William Hill, of Guilford, ... 25 
 
 656. ffrancis Webb, of London, dyer, . . 50 
 
 657. D". Samuel Read, of Birch Hanger, . . 50 
 
 658. Mrs. Tendring, of Bishops Stratford, . . lOO 
 
 659. Samuel Cooper, of London, ffishmonger, . 25 
 
 660. John Lucas, of Lynn, merchant, . . 25 
 
 661. Thomas Gouge, Vicar of St. Sepulchre’s, . 600 
 
 662. Nicholas Stoughton, of Stoughton, Esq., and 
 
 compartners, ..... 600 
 
 663. William Rathband, Sen', and Jun'. of Cole¬ 
 
 man street, . . . . . .100 
 
 664. John Jones, of London, merchant taylor, . 200 
 
 665. Thomas Waterhouse, of London, fEsh- 
 
 monger, . . . . .100 
 
 666. Thomas Ayres, of London, gent,, and com¬ 
 
 partners, ...... 200 
 
 667. Edward Gittings, of London, paper stayner, 100 
 
 668. Jonathan Goodard, phisitian, . . .100 
 
 669. Humphrey Chaveny, of y' Chappell of y® 
 
 Rolls, . . . . . . .100 
 
 670. Henry Scobell, of Symons Inn, gent., . 200 
 
 671. Henry Gulson, paynter steyner, . .100 
 
 672. William Willoughby, of Wapping-wall, . 150 
 
 673. William Ball, of Lincoln’s Inn, gent., . 250 
 
 674. Kichard Graves, of Lincoln’s Inn, gent., . 2oo 
 
 675. John Clay don, of Sheere-lane, gent., . . 200 
 
 676. ffrancis Allen, of Sleet-street, goldsmith, . 200 
 
 677. John Branckstead, of London, goldsmith, . 100 
 
 678. Mary Shakespeare, of y' Strand, widdow, . 110 
 
 425 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 I 2 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 I 2 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
426 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 679. Christopher Towse, of y® Strand, white 
 
 baker, ...... 100 
 
 680. William Grantham, ..... 50 
 
 681. Thomas Webster, ..... 50 
 
 682. Nathaniel Witham, of Whiteffryers, white 
 
 baker, . . . . . .100 
 
 683. John Coleman, of London, haberdasher, . 100 
 
 684. Thomas Cooke, London, goldsmith, . . 300 
 
 685. Edward East, of London, goldsmith, . ,100 
 
 686. John Biskoe, of Westminster, apothecary, 100 
 
 687. William Hoare, of St. Martins in y'^ ffields, 
 
 gent.,.25 
 
 688. Nicholas Bone, of Whitehall, gent., . . 100 
 
 689. Anthony Morgan, of London, linen draper, 200 
 
 690. Robert Barefoot, of London, leather seller, 25 
 
 691. William Hobson, of London, haber¬ 
 
 dasher, . . . . . . .100 
 
 692. Richard Lacy, of London, haberdasher, . 100 
 
 693. William White, of London, haberdasher, . 50 
 
 694. Capt. Nathaniel Oamphield, . . .100 
 
 695. Benjamin Potter, of London, sadler, . . 50 
 
 696. James Cox, of London, merchant taylor, . 50 
 
 697. John Eaton, of London, merchant taylor, . 50 
 
 698. Edmond Sheafe, of London, mercer, . . 100 
 
 699. John Bateman, minister of Okenham, . 50 
 
 700. William Nutkins, of Okenham, . . 50 
 
 701. Michael Marlow, of Okenham, ... 50 
 
 702. Angelo Bell, of Okenham, ... 50 
 
 703. Mathew Simpson, of Okenham, gent., . 50 
 
 704. William Betsworth, of Sussex, blacksmith, 50 
 
 705. William Greenhill, of Stepney, . . 100 
 
 706. William Page, apothecary, . . .100 
 
 707. George Austin, merchant, . . . 600 
 
 708. Throgmorton Trotman, of London, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 200 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 427 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 709. William Hawkins, of London, merchant, . 
 
 710. James Bynce, of London, . . . . 
 
 711. Richard Browne, of London, woodmonger, 
 
 712. M'®. Dorothy Moore, of Dublin, in Ireland, 
 
 713. John Honnor, of St. Martins in the fSelds, 
 
 714. John Bromwich, of London, armourer, 
 
 715. Thomas and William Rainsborough, mer¬ 
 
 chants, ...... 
 
 716. Samuel Stone, of London, brewer, 
 
 717. Thomas Bancks, of Staple Inn, gent., 
 
 718. Phillip Diline, of Canterbury, clerke, 
 
 719. ffrancis West, sen^, of London, grocer, 
 
 720. John Terrill, of London, .... 
 
 721. George Hughes, Minister, 
 
 722. Stephen Sedgewicke, of London, 
 
 723. William Perket, of Bredgate, 
 
 724. Margret Eldersey, of Bredgate, 
 
 725. Thomas Hampton, of Taplow, in Bucks, Esq., 
 
 726. William Webster, of Peckam, in Surry, 
 
 727. Robert Haughton, of Southwarke, 
 
 728. Thomas Nethuish, of London, fFactor, 
 
 729. Roger Clay, of London, ffactor, . 
 
 730. William Gunston, of London, ffactor, 
 
 731. Lawrence Sanders, of London, ffactor, 
 
 732. Barnard Trimlett, of London, ffactor, 
 
 733. Giles Sumpter, of London, ffactor, 
 
 734. Samuel Eames, of Lothbury, London, 
 
 735. Thomas Ligh, of Twerton, in Devon, . 
 
 736. Joseph Godfrey, of London, 
 
 737. William Pitcher, of London, draper, . 
 
 738. Thomas Meade, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 739. Jeremiah Hearne, of Hunsden, . 
 
 740. Thomas Briggs, of London, merchant taylor, 
 
 741. Richard Quiny, of London, grocer, 
 
 742. John Sadler, ...... 
 
 £ 
 
 259 
 600 
 600 
 
 300 150 o o 
 
 600 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 60 
 
 600 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 50 25 o o 
 
 100 
 600 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 100 
 
428 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 743. George Plucknett, . . . . . 
 
 744. Henry Harwell, haberdasher, 
 
 745. Benjamin Banister, apothecary, 
 
 746. William Hubbard, merchant taylor, . 
 
 747. Richard Chandler, haberdasher, 
 
 748. Godfrey Hall, and compartners, 
 
 749. John Owen, of London, grocer, 
 
 750. Stephen Pheazant, of Gray’s Inn, gent., 
 
 751. John Browne, of London, leather seller, 
 
 752. Nicholas Williams, of London, haberdasher, 
 
 753. Edmond Lewin, merchant taylor, 
 
 754. Daniel Lewin, of Hartfordshire, 
 
 755. William OfBciall, of Great Yarmouth, 
 
 756. Daniel Waldo, of London, clothworker, and 
 
 alo”, ....... 
 
 757. William Goddard, Db of Physicke, 
 
 758. John Merricke, of London, gent, 
 
 759. John Tym, of London, goldsmith, 
 
 760. Thomas Hatton, of y® Six Clerks Office, 
 
 761. John Whiteing, of Hadley, in Suffolk, 
 
 762. William Lambert, of Coulston, in Surry, 
 
 yeoman, ...... 
 
 763. Thomas Brouker, of Newenham, gent., 
 
 764. Peter Langley, of New Inn, gent., 
 
 765. Edward Henson, of London, gent., 
 
 766. William Peake, of London, clothworker, 
 
 767. Richard and Alex. Venner, of London, 
 
 768. Peter Delany, of London, dyer, 
 
 769. Richard Cox, of London, merchant taylor, . 
 
 770. Thomas Kentish, of Abbots Langley, 
 
 771. George Pryer, of Bartholomew p Exchange, 
 
 772. Anthony Rosswell, and compartners, of 
 
 Fresh ford, ...... 
 
 773. Edward Mitchell, ..... 
 
 774. John King, of Harlow, in Essex, 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 lOQ 
 
 400 
 
 200 
 
 600 
 
 600 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 20 10 O O 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
 5° 
 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 200 
 
 675 
 
 150 
 
 25 
 
 75 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 429 
 
 £ £ ,s-. d. 
 
 John Savill, ...... 
 
 75 
 
 776. William Thompson, of [ ], 
 
 50 
 
 777. John Speller, ...... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 778. Josiae Tunbridge, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 'Jig. John IFeilde, ...... 
 
 50 
 
 780. Edward Savill, ...... 
 
 50 
 
 781. Thomas Lyon, ...... 
 
 50 
 
 782. William Sumner, ..... 
 
 50 
 
 783. John Gardner, ...... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 784. John Lee, of London, .... 
 
 25 
 
 785. Thomas Phillips, of London, clothworker. 
 
 40 
 
 786. Anthony Springer, of Clements Danes, 
 
 200 
 
 787. Edward Parker, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 788. William Jesson, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 789. Leonard Tillett, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 790. Arthur Crew, of London, .... 
 
 too 
 
 791. William Boggest, of London, gent, . 
 
 50 
 
 792. Gilbert Lambell, ..... 
 
 125 
 
 793. DevereuxPalmer, in Northamptonshire, Esq., 
 
 310 
 
 794. Anthony and John WaggstalFe, of Harland, 
 
 100 
 
 795. Grace Heathcocke, of Cutthorp, widdow, . 
 
 58 
 
 796. Ellen Waggstaffe, of Swathwicke, 
 
 50 
 
 797. Edm"*. Waggstaffe, of Cullow, 
 
 40 
 
 798. Michael Ashton, ..... 
 
 20 
 
 799. William ffrench, of Emanuel Colledge, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 800. George Starr, of Sherborne, in Dorsetshire, 
 
 150 
 
 801. William Allen, of Ditchett, 
 
 50 
 
 802. Richard Vinston, of London, grocer, . 
 
 :oo 
 
 803. James Story, of London, .... 
 
 50 25 0 
 
 804. Thomas Browne, of London, 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 805. Samuel Harlnett, of London, 
 
 0 
 
 N 
 
 0 
 
 806. John Steming, of London, leather seller, . 
 
 100 
 
 807. Edward Story, of London, ironmonger. 
 
 5 ° 
 
 808. Thomas Row, of London, girdler, 
 
 50 
 
 809. Samuel Beardolph, of London, merchant 
 
 
 taylor, ....... 
 
 100 
 
430 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 810. William Beale, . . . . £186 
 
 £ 
 
 15s. 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 8ji. Richard Allen, of London, grocer, 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 812. Richard Litler, of London, apothecary. 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 813. Serjh-Major Wagstaffe, of Harbury, . 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 814. Edward Wood, and compartners. 
 
 17s 
 
 ^ 7 + 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 815. William Loupe, of W. Minster, chirurgeon, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 816. Joshua Woolnough, of London, merchant 
 
 
 
 
 
 taylor, ...... 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 817. Peter Hudson, of London, upholsterer, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 818. Mark Bradley, of London, scrivener, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 819. William Cooper, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 820. George Bradley, stationer, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 821. John Harris, of London, girdler. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 822. Thomas Younge, of London, IFactor, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 823. William Turlington, of London, merchant. 
 
 100 
 
 SO 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 824. Philip Skippon, Serj*.-Major Gen*., 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 825. Richard Huthinson, of London, iron¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 monger, ...... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 826. Edward Vaughan, of Cheapside, 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 827. Charles Vaughan, of the Co. of Devon, Esq,, 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 828. Joseph Vaughan, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 829. William Vaughan, of London, grocer. 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 830. Richard Hunt, of London, skinner, . 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 831. Edward Aunsley, .of London, armorer, 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 832. Richard Willett, of London, merchant. 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 833. Gabriel Barber, of Hartford, gent.. 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 834. Ralph Minor, of Hartford, schoolmaster. 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 835. D'. Calibutt Downing, of Hackney, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 836. Thomas Jackson, of London, pewterer. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 837. Mathew Draper, of London, merchant. 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 838. Thomas Wood, of London, merchant taylor. 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 839. Mathew Andrews, of London, grocer. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 840. Adinram Bryfield, ..... 
 
 [ ] 
 
 
 
 
 841. Richard Wilcox, haberdasher, . 
 
 200 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 842. Thomas Richards, of London, schoolmaster. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 431 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 843. William Herring, of London, haberdasher, . 
 
 400 
 
 
 
 
 844. John Greensmith, ..... 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 845. William Honnywood, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 846. Katherin Smith, of Hackney, widdow, 
 
 ICO 
 
 
 
 
 847. Symon Ash, of London, clerke, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 848. William Kendall, of London, merchant 
 
 
 
 
 
 taylor, ....... 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 849. Thomas Player, haberdasher, 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 850. Gregory Clement, of London, merchant, 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 851. Patient Wallin, of London, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 852. Joseph Murdocke, of London, skinner, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 853. William Methould, of London, merchant, . 
 
 700 
 
 
 
 
 854. Abraham Puller, of Hartford, merchant, . 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 855. John Coulson, of Ay ton Magna, 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 856. Lawrence Brentley, of London, merchant. 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 857. Nicholas Brentley, of Exon, 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 858. John Martimere, of Exon, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 859. Thomas Brinley, of St. John’s-street, Esq., 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 860. Joseph Carrill, of Lincoln’s Inn, minister, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 861. John Jones, of Exon, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 862. Thomas King, of London, carpenter, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 863. Samuel Browne, and compartners. 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 864. Roger Lazinley, of London, haberdasher, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 865. Gerrarde Boate, of Holland, 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 866. Humphrey Chambers, in Somersetshire, £12 
 
 I os. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 867. Christopher Brewer, of the same, . £12 
 
 I OS. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 868. George Paine, of the same, . . £12 
 
 10s. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 869. Richard Crow, of the same, . . £12 
 
 I OS. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 870. The Lady Jane Harrington, of Rand, in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lincolnshire, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 871. Henry Smith, of London, glover, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 872. John Keynes, of Marlboro’, 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 873. James Harrington, of Rand, in Lincolnshire, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 874. William Harrington, of y' same. 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 875. Thomas Baily, of Marlborough, 
 
 150 
 
 
 
 
432 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 876. James Cheswick, and others, of Sheffield, . 250 
 
 877. Thomas Towley, of Boston, . . . 250 
 
 878. Robert Trelawney, of Plimouth, merchant, 675 
 
 879. William ffisk, of Packerham, . . . 200 
 
 880. John ffiske, of Kattlesden, . . . 100 
 
 881. Thomas Lincolne, of Thetford, . . .100 
 
 88z. William Gouch, of Elden, .... 100 
 
 883. John Grocer, of Westhorpe, . . • 100 
 
 884. John Higgens, of Kingsnode, merchant, . 40 
 
 885. Mathew Ash, and compartners, of Chester¬ 
 
 field, ....... 
 
 886. Anthony Parker, of Blagden, in Somerset¬ 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 887. Nicholas Blagne, of Katherines, gent., 
 
 888. Henry Walter, of Rye, in Sussex, 
 
 889. Edward Owener, for Great Yarmouth, 
 
 890. Mary Ditton, of Westminister, widdow, 
 
 891. Roger Mathew, for y® Borrow of Dart¬ 
 
 mouth, .... £668 7s. 6 d. 2397 15 ° 
 
 892 Thomas Bright, of Thurston Hall, in Suf¬ 
 folk, ....... 
 
 893. Thomas Pury, for y® Citty of Gloucester, . 
 
 894. Nicholas Isaacke, of Barnstaple, merchant,. 
 
 895. Joseph Jaques, for his son Ralph Jaques, . 
 
 896. Michael Measey, of Katherines Coleman, 
 
 897. Roger Drake, D'of Phisicke, . 
 
 898. Richard Culline, High SherriflPe of Devon, 
 
 for certain subscriptions there made, . 348 19 2 o 
 
 899. Peter S‘ Hill, of Bradninche, in Devon, 
 
 Esq.,.300 
 
 900. Thomas Ivatt, of Coombe Martin, in Devon, 
 
 Esq.450 337 10 o 
 
 901. John Coomb, of Bradninche, in Devon, 
 
 Esq.,.50 37 10 o 
 
 902. S'" Henry Roswell, Kn‘., in Devon, . 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 5° 
 
 100 
 
 600 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 1350 
 
 100 
 
 300 
 
 SO 
 
 200 
 
 200 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 903. Thomas Hudson, of London, skinner, 
 
 100 
 
 
 904. Cornelius Cooke, vintner, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 905. John Morris, wax chandler. 
 
 100 
 
 
 906. George Snelling, merchant, 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 907. Thomas ffarthing, cordweyner, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 908. Edward or Edmund Austin, fFeltmaker, 
 
 100 
 
 
 [909 omitted in the original.] 
 
 
 
 910. Thomas Brocket, pewterer. 
 
 50 
 
 
 911. John Carpenter, ..... 
 
 50 
 
 
 912. George ffissenden, merchant. 
 
 50 
 
 
 913. Christopher Gibbs, clothworker, 
 
 50 
 
 
 914. Gamaliel Voice, brewer, .... 
 
 50 
 
 
 915. Henry Hawkes, of London, tallow chandler. 
 
 50 
 
 
 916. John Sandon, of London, cordweyner. 
 
 50 
 
 
 917. William Smiter, ..... 
 
 25 
 
 
 918. Samuel Wilkin, tallow chandler. 
 
 50 
 
 
 919. John Williams, ffeltmaker. 
 
 SO 
 
 
 920. John Burlace, gent., ..... 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 921. Leonard Tarrant, tobacconist, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 922. Eobert Chillingworth, ffeltmaker. 
 
 50 
 
 
 923. John Wildinge, of Olaves, Southwarke, 
 
 5° 
 
 
 924. Thomas Bye, tallow chandler, . 
 
 25 
 
 
 925. Jeremy Rushley, salter, .... 
 
 25 
 
 
 926. Robert Pearson, of London, weaver, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 927. Robert Terry, draper, .... 
 
 50 
 
 
 928. Samuel Finn, carpenter, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 929. Richard Higgins, cordweyner, . 
 
 5° 
 
 
 930. Robert Clerke, apothecary. 
 
 100 
 
 
 931. Samuel Crowther, merchant taylor, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 932. William Stedde, ironmonger, 
 
 50 
 
 
 933. William Hiccocke, brewer, 
 
 100 
 
 5° 
 
 934. John Tarlton, brewer, .... 
 
 100 
 
 50 
 
 935. George Meggot, pewterer. 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 936. Gabriel Bonnvyn, tallow chandler. 
 
 100 
 
 
 937. Elizabeth Tuffenaile, .... 
 
 100 
 
 
 2 F 
 
 433 
 
 s. d. 
 
 O O 
 
 o o 
 
 o o 
 o o 
 o o 
 
434 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 938. Elizabeth Morton, of Bermondsey, . . 50 
 
 939. Margret King, of Bermondsey, ... 50 
 
 940. John Childe, of Olaves, Southvvarke, . .100 
 
 941. Thomas Beale, tallow chandler, . . . loo 
 
 942. "William Sheppard, grocer, ... 50 
 
 943. John Humphreys, ot London, imbroyderer, 50 
 
 944. Joseph Collyer, grocer, .... 50 
 
 945. Thomas Babington, haberdasher, . .100 
 
 946. George Ewer, ffishmonger, . . .50 
 
 947. Nicholas Norton, clothworkers, and corn- 
 
 partners, ...... joo 
 
 948. Charles ffox, leather seller, . . yo 
 
 949. Overrington Blunsdon, whitster, . . yo 
 
 950. Daniel Mercer, dyer, .... 200 
 
 951. William Hobson, grocer, .... 50 
 
 952. William Watson, apothecary, . . 50 
 
 953. Thomas Cacott, of Darking, ... 50 
 
 954. Thomas Maberly, haberdasher, ... 50 
 
 955. Samuel Hyland, distiller, . . £50 12s. \od. 
 
 956. John Bird, wool comber, . . . .10 
 
 957. Christopher Searle, dyer, .... 60 
 
 958. Henry Standish, cordweyner, ... 50 
 
 959. Nathaniel Hardy, of Southwarke, . . 50 
 
 960. John Nobbs, of Southwarke, ... 50 
 
 961. John Reade, carpenter, .... 50 
 
 962. Henry White, of Southwarke, ... 50 
 
 963. Tobias Randolph, Master of Ratclifife Schoole, 100 75 o o 
 
 964. William Heather, of Darkeing, . . • S° 
 
 965. John Knight, of Southwarke, cordweyner, 10 
 
 966. Thomas Springett, of Lewis, in Sussex, . 200 
 
 967. Richard Barnard, of Lewis, in Sussex, draper, 200 
 
 968. John Russell, of Lewis, yeoman, . .250 
 
 969. Thomas Ballard, of Cuckfeild, in Sussex, . 25 
 
 970. William Loue, of Lewis, in Sussex, . . 600 
 
 971. John Reynold, of Lewis, brasier, . . 12 
 
 972. Mascal Giles, of Dutcheling, in Sussex, . 50 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 435 
 
 £ £ 
 
 973. Nathaniel Bourcher, of Ingleton, Sussex, . 16 4 
 
 974. Charles Hopping, of Exon, fFuller, . .100 
 
 975. John White, of Exon, merchant, . . 200 
 
 976. John Seager, of Broadcliste, . . .100 
 
 977. Thomas Coomb, of Broadcliste, . . 20 
 
 978. William Musgrave, of Broadcliste, . . 20 
 
 979. Philip Musgrave, of Broadcliste, . . 20 
 
 980. Christabell Stone, of Exon, . . .100 
 
 981. Toby Allenn, of Exon, merchant, . . 80 
 
 982. Thomas Macomber, of Exon, ironmonger, 50 
 
 983. Nicholas Vaughan, of Exon, gent., . .100 
 
 984. Bernard Starr, of Exon, upholsterer, . 100 
 
 985. John Goswell, of Exon, barber, . . 50 
 
 986. George Yard, of Thomas’ Parish, in Devon, 50 
 
 987. James Marshall, of Exon, merchant, . 200 
 
 988. Thomas Parris, of Exon, merchant, . 50 
 
 989. Edward Anthony, of Exon, goldsmith, . 100 
 
 990. James White, of Exon, merchant, . . 200 
 
 991. Philip Crossing, of Exon, merchant, . 100 
 
 992. Christopher Clerke, Jun^, of Exon, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ...... 100 
 
 993. Edmond Snytall, of Exon, silk weaver, . 50 
 
 994. John Seager, of Broadcliste, clerke, . . 50 
 
 995. Nicholas Carwithen and George Mary, of 
 
 Exon, ....... 200 150 
 
 996. John Levering, of Exon, merchant, . .100 
 
 997. Richard Mayne, of Exon, . . .100 
 
 998. Robert Hoare, of Broadcliste, yeoman, . 50 
 
 999. Giles Moore, of Broadcliste, yeoman, 25 
 
 1000. John Sowden, of Broadcliste, yeoman, . 25 
 
 1001. Peter Ratcliffe, of Broadcliste, yeoman, . 25 
 
 1002. John Vye, of Axmouth, yeoman, . . 200 
 
 1003. Henry Parsons, of Culleton, mercer, . 200 
 
 1004. Robert Searle, ofHonnyton, in Devon, and 
 
 partner, ...... 80 
 
 s. d. 
 O O 
 
 o o 
 
 2 F 2 
 
436 
 
 thp: adventurers 
 
 £ 
 
 1005. William Searle, of Honnyton, . . 20 
 
 1006. Richard Clapp, of Sudbury, yeoman, . 200 
 
 1007. Richard White, Sen^, of Axminster, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 400 
 
 1008. S’’ John Poole, of Shute, in Devon, . .103 
 
 1009. James Tucker, Sen^, of Axminster, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 300 
 
 1010. Samuel Clerke, of Exou, merchant, . .100 
 
 1011. John Searle, of Sudbury, Clerke, . . 20 
 
 . 1012. Thomas Pearce, Sen^, of Sudbury, . . 30 
 
 1013. Thomas Pearce, Jun*^., of Sudbury, . . 30 
 
 1014. Henry Parsons, of Shute, in Devon, . 100 
 
 1015. John Pay, of Shute, in Devon, yeoman, . 100 
 
 1016. Thomas Matthew, of Barnstaple, . . 100 
 
 1017. William Nettle, of Barnestaple, . . 100 
 
 10x8. Richard Evans, of Exon, . . . 200 
 
 1019. Perryam Poole, of Talliton,inDevon,gent., 200 
 
 1020. James Gould, of Exon, merchant, . . 200 
 
 1021. Nicholas Breakeing, of Exon, . . . 200 
 
 1022. Richard Sweete, of Exon, . . . 200 
 
 1023. Richard Mallock, of Axminster, . .100 
 
 1024. Robert fifowler, of Axminster, . . 60 
 
 1025. Amuel Harte, of Axminster, mercer, . 20 
 
 1026. Christopher Knight, of Axminster, tay- 
 
 lor, . . . . . . .10 
 
 1027. Daniel ffolliet, of Axminster, . . .10 
 
 1028. Ellis Read, of Axminster, ... 10 
 
 1029. Henry Henly, Esq. in Devon, . . .100 
 
 1030. Lidiagh Jordan, of Exon, ... 50 
 
 1031. John Pitt, of Line Regis, merchant, . 100 
 
 1032. Peter Ticknee, of Cullaton, in Devon, . 50 
 
 1033. William Nosworthy, of Exon, clerke, . 50 
 
 1034. The Mayor, Bailiffs, and Comnalty of 
 
 Exon, .... £9890 105 . 
 
 1035. John Burlace, of Buckinghamshire, . 200 
 
 £ ,t. d. 
 
 50 o o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 437 
 
 £ *. d. 
 
 1036. Robert Whitehall, minister, of Addington 
 
 in Bucks, ...... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1037. John Hobbert, Barrh, in y' county of 
 
 
 
 
 
 NorfF., ....... 
 
 600 
 
 
 
 
 1038. George Price, High Sheriff of Surry, for 
 
 
 
 
 
 several subscriptions there made, . 
 
 225 
 
 
 
 
 1039. George Garth, of Morden, in Surry, 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1040. Anthony ffane, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1041. Elizabeth Evillin, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1042. Ann Cannockt, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1043. Elizabeth Dingley, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 1044. D"' Edmond Staunton, the Vicar of Kings¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ton, in Surry, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1043;. Obadiagh Weeks, of Kingston, in Surry, . 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1046. Heretage Hartford, Minister of Thames 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ditton, in Surry, ..... 
 
 25 
 
 18 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1047. James Knowles, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1048. John Bond, of Kingston, in Surry, . 
 
 2o 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1049. John Eedferne, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1050. James Levit, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1051. John Childe, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1052. Robert Massey, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 40 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1053. Joshua Sturmy, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1054. Sarah Best, widdow, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1055. Ephraim Smith, of Kingston, in Surry, . 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 1056. Mary Baker, of ffeversham, widdow. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 1057. Grace Tiffen, ofKingston, in Surry, 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1058. Robert Thomas, of Kingston, in Surry, . 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 1059. Robert Wood, ofKingston, in Surry, gent.. 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 1060. Thomas Stint, in Surry, gent., of Kings¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 ton, ....... 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1061. Shadracke Brice, of East Moulsey, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1062. John Evans, phisitian, .... 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 1063. Ephraim IBshopp, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 20 
 
 '5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1064. William Knightley, of Kingston, in Surry, 
 
 50 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
.138 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 £ 
 
 1065. Thomas Tipping, Esq., High Sheriff of 
 
 Exon,.200 
 
 1066. Edward Taylor, of William Scott, in 
 
 Oxford, ...... 200 
 
 1067. Joseph Gastrell, Minister of Tettsworth, . 15 
 
 1068. Vincent Barg, of Thame, Esq., . . 20 
 
 1069. John Parker, of Tettsworth, ... 25 
 
 1070. John Woodhead, of Hallifax, . . .220 
 
 1071. S^ Edward Scott, Knh of y® Bath, of 
 
 Smeath, in Kent, ..... 200 
 
 1072. Robert Scot, Esq., of y® same, . . 200 
 
 1073. Thomas Westrow, of Marsham, in Kent, . 300 
 
 1074. S'^ Thomas Payton, Barrth of Knolton, in 
 
 Kent, ....... 800 
 
 1075. S''William Armine, of Orton Longevill, 
 
 Barrh, ....... 400 
 
 1076. Mathew Wells, ofy" same, andcompartners, 
 
 or Wolter, ...... 250 
 
 1077. William Wymer, of y® citty of Norwich, . 100 
 
 1078. Thomas Johnson, of y" citty of Norwich, . 150 
 
 1079. John Knight, of y® citty of Norwich, . 150 
 
 1080. William Davy, of y® citty of Norwich, . 150 
 
 1081. John Toft, of y® citty of Norwich, . . 50 
 
 1082. Daniel Dover, Senh, of y® citty of Nor¬ 
 
 wich, ....... 200 
 
 1083. Peter Hazleburt, of y® citty of Norwich, . 50 
 
 1084. Edmond Spring, of y® citty of Norwich, . 50 
 
 1085. Daniel Dover, Jun''., of y® citty of Nor¬ 
 
 wich, ....... 50 
 
 1086. S’’Roger Smith, Knh, of Leicestershire, . 300 
 
 1087. Henry Smith, of Leicestershire, . . 200 
 
 1088. William Sheares, of Leicestershire, . . 300 
 
 1089. John Temple, of ffranckton. Esq., in War¬ 
 
 wickshire, ..... . 200 
 
 £ «. d. 
 
 7 I o 
 
 1210 o 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 439 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 gent.,. 
 
 5 ° 
 
 2$ 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1091. Samuel Clerke, Rector of Alcester, in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Warwickshire, ..... 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1092. fFoulke Bellers, Rector of Arrow, in War¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 wickshire, ...... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1093. Robert Wilcox, of Brandon, in Warwick¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 . 50 
 
 23 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1094. John Ernes, Jun"., of Alcester, in War¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 wickshire, ...... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1095. John Johnson, of Alcester, in Warwick¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1096. Richard Garnall, of Alcester, in Warwick¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1097. Humphrey Rogers, of Bremingham, 
 
 1098. Ralph Ashton, of Middleton, in Lanca¬ 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 shire, Esq., ...... 
 
 400 
 
 
 
 
 1099. Thomas Birch, of Birch, gent., in Lincoln¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 1 100. Humphrey Macworth, of y' Sutton, in y" 
 
 
 
 
 
 citty of Salop, for himself and others, 
 
 1900 
 
 
 
 
 iioi. S' Francis Popham, of Hunsted, Kn‘., in 
 
 
 
 
 
 Somersetshire, ..... 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 1102. John Harrington, of Kelston, in Somer¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 setshire, Esq., ..... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 37 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1103. John Buckland, of Westharptree, . 
 
 50 
 
 37 
 
 lO 
 
 0 
 
 1104. John Stoker, in Sumersetshire, gent.. 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1105. Thomas Hippesley, of Somersetshire, 
 
 100 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1106. John and Thomas Curtis, of Eastharptree, 
 
 40 
 
 30 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1107. Richard Hippesley, of Sumersetshire, 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1 to8. Edward Hippesley, of y' same, 
 
 1109. ffrancisffoard, of Stoanstaton, in Somerset¬ 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 S 
 
 0 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 1110. James Burgis, of Stantondrew, in Somer¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 setshire, ...... 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
440 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1111. Thomas Munday, of Brislington, in Somer¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 setshire, ...... 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1112. "William Bassett, of Calverton, Esq., 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 
 
 
 1113. Benjamin Pitts, of Standerweeke, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 
 
 
 1114. John Curie, of ffleshford, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 
 
 
 1115. William Longe, of Stratton, Esq., . 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 1116. George Stedderman, of Stratton, gent.. 
 
 50 
 
 2S 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1117. Henry Salmon, of Stratton, 
 
 25 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1118. Kichard North, of Stratton, in Somerset¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 shire, . 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1119. John Gay, of Bath Easton, 
 
 25 
 
 S 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1120. William Robbins, of Bathwicke, 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 1121. Thomas Shute, of Kilmersden, 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1122. James Bigg, of Bathford, 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1123. John Cornish, of Dunkerton, . 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1124. Thomas Sibbs, Mayor of Bath, &c., for y® s'* 
 
 
 
 
 
 Corporation, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 2S 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1125. William Atkins, of Chard, clothier,. 
 
 5 ° 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1126. John Atkins, of Chard, clothier. 
 
 so 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 1127. John Francis, Coombflory, Esq., 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1128. John Hippesley, of Stoneaston, in Somer¬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 setshire, ...... 
 
 50 
 
 2S 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1129. Ursula Wright, of St. Martins le Grand, . 
 
 so 
 
 
 
 
 1130. S”^ Walter Roberts, Kn*. and Barb, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1131. Anthony Reynolds, of Billingsgate, clerke. 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 
 1132. Francis Thorpe, servant to Major-Gen*. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Skippon, ...... 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 1133. Mrs. Mary Barker, Bristoll, widdow. 
 
 1000 
 
 
 
 
 1134. Walter Price of Abbot’s Langley, 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 1135. John King, of Abbots Langley, 
 
 SO 
 
 
 
 
 1136. John Elliston, of Gostinthorpe, in Essex, . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1137. Robert Leaver, Jun’., of Manchester, 
 
 
 
 
 
 clothier, ...... 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 1138. Thomas Harding, . . . . . 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 1139. John Harding, ..... 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 441 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 £ 
 
 1140. Thomas Gallile of [ ]] clothworker, 60 
 
 1141. William Peacocke, of London, painter 
 
 steyner, ...... 200 
 
 1142. Dame Philadelphia Wharton, Dowager, . 200 
 
 1143. Thomas Hotchkis, parson of Taunton, in 
 
 Wiltshire, ...... 20 
 
 1144. William Prestly, ofEssendon, in Hartford- 
 
 shire, . ..... £146 los. 
 
 1145. Isaack ffoster, of London, grocer, . . 50 
 
 1146. Thomas Disney, of Gray’s Inn, gent., . 300 
 
 1147. George Arnold, of London, gent., . . 200 
 
 1148. Edmond Page, Jun'., haberdasher, . . 100 
 
 1149. Eobert Shurtis, . . . . - 5 ° 
 
 1150. Edmond Blacke, of London, merchant, . 30 
 
 1151. James Caulier, of London, merchant, . 200 
 
 1152. Edward White, of Tamworth, . . . 50 
 
 1153. Henry Whittingham, of London, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 200 
 
 1154. Lawrence Peacocke, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ... .... 50 
 
 1155. Christopher Goad, gent., . . .100 
 
 1156. Sam Rumney, of Mayfield, in Sussex, . 35 
 
 1157. William Lord Mounson, .... 600 
 
 1158. Anthony Belfeild, of Stodham, . . 50 
 
 1159. John Sibley, of Stodham, ... 50 
 
 1160. Elizabeth Blake, of Brixham, . . .10 
 
 1161. Richard Culmere, of Canterbury, clerke, . zoo 
 
 1162. John Parkhurst, of Margretts, in Canter¬ 
 
 bury, ....... 20 
 
 I 163. John Mosia, of London, cooke, . . 25 
 
 1164. Francis Cole, of London, gent., . . 25 
 
 1165. John Edwards, of London, merchant, . 40 
 
 1166. Michael or Nicholas Buroott, minister, . 100 
 
 1167. Katherine Triplett, of Hampton Gay, . 20 
 
 1168. Roger Hill, of Taunton, .... 200 
 
 7 10 o 
 
442 
 
 THE ADVENTURERS. 
 
 
 1169, 
 
 George Powell, Mayor of Taunton, and 
 
 £ 
 
 
 others of the said Corporation, 
 
 1360 
 
 1170. 
 
 John Clotworthy, Knt., 
 
 1000 
 
 1171. 
 
 John Gouing, of Bristol, merchant, . 
 
 1000 
 
 1172. 
 
 Eobert Wallis of Sutton, in Northampton¬ 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 25 
 
 1173- 
 
 Thomas May, of London, clothworker, 
 
 5 ° 
 
 1174. 
 
 Sam Gardner, of Evisham, in Worcester¬ 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 25 
 
 1175. 
 
 Richard Woolfe, of London, girdler. 
 
 20 
 
 1176. 
 
 William Hussey, of Shafton, in Dorset¬ 
 
 
 
 shire, ....... 
 
 100 
 
 1177. 
 
 Thomas Jenner, of London, 
 
 10 
 
 1178. 
 
 John Swan, minister, of Outon, in Kent, . 
 
 5 ° 
 
 1179. 
 
 John and Charles Parker, 
 
 200 
 
 1180. 
 
 John Player, minister, .... 
 
 25 
 
 II8I. 
 
 James Brickdell, of London, 
 
 10 
 
 1182. 
 
 John Allured, Esq., .... 
 
 100 
 
 1183. 
 
 Ralph Clerke, skinner, .... 
 
 [ ] 
 
 1184. 
 
 Tobias ffrere, in Norfolk, Esq., 
 
 750 
 
 1185. 
 
 James Clerke, of Stanes, .... 
 
 5 ° 
 
 1186. 
 
 Out of the Chamber of London, . 10,000 
 
 1187. 
 
 IFrom y' Custom House, .... 
 
 2000 
 
 1188. 
 
 Ranulph Crew freely gave. 
 
 80 
 
 Total, 
 
 . £249,305 19 8 
 
ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 
 
 THE SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR SEA FORCES. 
 
 (See supra, p. 74.) 
 
 1189. Francis Newman, ..... 
 
 1190. George Gierke, merchant taylor, 
 
 1191. Robert Barefoot, merchant taylor, 
 
 1192. Robert Reynold, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 1193. S'" David Watkins, . . . . . 
 
 1194. Oliver Cromwell, Esq., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 1195. S'' Arthur Hazlerigg, Kn‘., a member of y' 
 
 House, ...... 
 
 1196. William Stroud, Esq., of Barrington, So¬ 
 
 mersetshire, . . . . . 
 
 1197. Samuel Crispe, of London, 
 
 1198. John Wood, ...... 
 
 1199. S''Nicholas Crispe, . . . . . 
 
 1200. Henry Whittaker, ..... 
 
 1201. Robert Staunton, . . . . , 
 
 1202. Thomas Andrews, of London, alderman, . 
 
 1203. Sampson Sheffeild, Pensioner to his Ma‘‘% 
 j 204. Samuel Moody, of Berry, in Suffolke, 
 
 1205. John Bright, of Berry, in Suffolke, 
 
 1206. John Clarke, of Berry, in Suffolke, . 
 
 1207. Hugh Grove, of Berry, in Suffolke, 
 j 208. Richard Coysh, skinner, 
 
 1 209. Thomas Barnardiston, .... 
 
 1210. Samuel Moyer, merchant, 
 
 1211. William fflesher, . . . . . 
 
 1212. Richard Hunt, mercer, . . . . 
 
 1213. Henry Day, mercer, . . . • 
 
 1214. Capt. Edmond Harvey and Edmond Sleigh, 
 
 1215. John Marryot and Samuel Cooper, of Lon¬ 
 
 don, ....... 
 
 £ 
 
 50 
 
 100 
 
 150 
 
 600 
 
 375 
 
 300 
 
 600 
 
 600 
 850 
 850 
 1700 
 200 
 300 
 500 
 300 
 600 
 300 
 200 
 
 5 ° 
 120 
 
 5 ° 
 
 300 
 
 300 
 
 100 
 
 200 
 
 300 
 
 £ 
 
 443 
 
 s. d. 
 
 100 
 
444 
 
 ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 1216. Abraham Babbington, of London, draper, 4.00 
 
 1217. John Bate, of London, merchant taylor, . too 
 
 1218. Thomas Vincent, of London, leather seller, 1000 
 
 1219. John Brett, of London, merchant taylor, 300 
 
 1220. William Booke, merchant taylor, . . 200 
 
 1221. William Underwood, of London, grocer, . too 
 
 1222. Richard Rogers, of London, grocer, . too 
 
 1223. Richard Clutterbucke, of London, mercer, 200 
 
 1224. Thomas Prince, of London, tallow chandler, too 
 
 1225. ‘Peter Prince, of London, tallow chandler, too 
 
 1226. Thomas Stone, of London, haberdasher, . 200 
 
 1227. Samuel Warner, grocer; William Thomp¬ 
 
 son, salter, ...... 600 
 
 1228. William Pennoyer, clothworker, . . 350 
 
 1229. Sam Pennoyer, of London, . . . 450 
 
 1230. Cornelius and Stephen Mountney, . . too 
 
 1231. Maurice and George Thompson, . . 1000 
 
 1232. Jeremiah Hearne, ..... 40 
 
 1233. Jasper Lavis, of London, turner, . . ico 
 
 1234. Moses Jenkins, of Coleman-street, . . too 
 
 1235. John Guxton, gent., .... 200 
 
 1236. Richard Turner, Sen\ and Jun"., mer¬ 
 
 chant taylors, ..... 200 
 
 1237. Thomas Alcocke, haberdasher, . .100 
 
 1238. John Jurin, of London, dyer, . . . 200 
 
 1239. Richard Shute, of London, merchant, . 300 
 
 1240. Everard Boulton, barber chirurgeon, . too 
 
 1241. Robert Lewellin, of London, salter, . 200 
 
 1242. Henry Boyce, tallow chandler, . .150 
 
 1243. Thomas tFoote, of London, . . .too 
 
 1244. Samuel Loughall, of London, . .100 
 
 1245. William Allen, of London, vintner, . 200 
 
 1246. Richard Warring, grocer, . . . 660 
 
 1247. Thomas Turgis, grocer, .... 200 
 
 1248. Robert and Richard Smith, . . . 400 
 
ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 445 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 1249. Thomas Stocke, ..... 400 
 
 1250. Thomas Brightwell, of London, bowyer, . 400 
 
 1251. Thomas Hussey, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 1252. John Lane, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 1253. Giles Townsend, . . . . .100 
 
 1254. John Strange, merchant taylor, . . 200 
 
 1255. John Perry, of London, skinner, . . yo 
 
 1256. John Bigg, of Maidstone, in Kent, . . 150 
 
 1257. Richard Crispe, of Maidstone, gent., • [ ] 
 
 1258. Abraham and Thomas Chamberlaine, mer¬ 
 
 chants, ...... 1000 
 
 1259. Robert Lambell, grocer, . . . .100 
 
 1260. Hogan Hawell and John Baker, of London, 200 
 
 1261. William ffewster, of Richmond, in Surry, 50 
 
 1262. ffrancis Collins, of London, skinner, . 50 
 
 1263. Richard Porter, of Abbots, Langley, Esq., 400 
 
 1264. Stephen Beale, leather seller, . . . 1200 
 
 1265. Thomas Rodbeard and Deins Gauden, of 
 
 London, ...... 600 
 
 1266. Robert Ellis, of London, mercer, . . 200 
 
 1267. Elisha Robbins, of London, mercer, . .100 
 
 1268. ffrancis Webb, of London, dyer, . . 1000 
 
 1269. Edward Gettings, painter steyner, . .100 
 
 1270. William Willoughby, of Wapping Wall, . 50 
 
 1271. John Waterton, ..... 50 
 
 1272. Henry Roach, .... ■ 
 
 1273. ffulke Wormelayton, . . . - 5 ° 
 
 1274. Abraham Woodruffs, .... 50 
 
 1275. John King, ...... 50 
 
 1276. Richard and Nathaniel Laeye, of London, 100 
 
 1277. William Greenhill, of Stepney, . . 100 
 
 1278. William Hukins, of London, merchant, . 1000 
 
 1279. James Bunce, of London, . . . 200 
 
 1280. Thomas and William Rainsborow, mer¬ 
 
 chant taylors, ..... 800 
 
 1281. Robert Houghton, of Southwarke, . . 400 
 
446 ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 
 
 £ £ s. (i. 
 
 1282. Thomas Melhuish, of London, factor, . 300 
 
 1283. John Owen, of London, grocer, . . 200 
 
 1284. Richard and Alexander Vennor, . .150 
 
 1285. John and Thomas Tyler, . . . .150 
 
 1286. George Snelling, ..... 100 
 
 1287. Gilbert Lambell, ..... 500 
 
 1288. William French of Emanuel Colledge, . 150 
 
 1289. Richard Winstone, of London, grocer, . 100 
 
 1290. James Story, . . . . . .150 
 
 1291. Thomas Browne, of London, . . . 500 
 
 1292. Samuel Harsnett, of London, . . .150 
 
 1293. Symon Beardolfe, of London, merchant 
 
 taylor, ....... 200 
 
 1294. William Beale, of London, . . . 506 5s. 
 
 1295. Richard Allen, of London, grocer, . .150 
 
 1296. Richard Litler, of Silvester Dennis, . 90 
 
 1297. Serj‘.-Major Wagstaffe, of Harbury, &c., . 100 
 
 1298. Edward Woods, compartners, . . . 500 
 
 1299. William Loupe, of Westm"'., chirurgeon, . 100 
 
 1300. Joshua Woollnough, merchant taylor, . 75 
 
 1301. Marke Bradley, of London, scrivener, . 50 
 
 1302. William Coop, ... . .50 
 
 1303. George Bradley, stationer, ... 50 
 
 1304. John Harris, of London, girdler, . . 50 
 
 1305. Philip Skippon, Serj‘-Major General, . 200 
 
 1306. Richard Hutchinson, of London, iron¬ 
 
 monger, . . . . . .100 
 
 1307. Edward Vaughan, of Cheapside, . . 100 
 
 1308. Charles Vaughan, of Devon, Esq., . .100 
 
 1309. William Vaughan, of London, grocer, . 100 
 
 1310. Edward Ausley, armorer, . . .100 
 
 1311. Richard Willett, of London, merchant, . 300 
 
 1312. Michael Herring, of London, haberdasher, 200 
 
 1313. Gregory Clement, of London, merchant, . 1300 
 
 1314. William Methould, of London, merchant, 400 
 
ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 
 
 447 
 
 s. d. 
 
 £ £ 
 
 1315. Laurence Brimley, of London, . . 200 
 
 1316. Thomas Brimley, of St. John-street, Esq., 100 
 
 1317. Samuel Browne, ..... 50 
 
 1318. Gerrald Boate, of Holland, . . . 100 
 
 1319. Nicholas Isaacke, of Barnestaple, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 100 73 
 
 1320. William Heecocke, brewer, . . . 400 
 
 1321. Daniel Mercer, dyer, .... 50 
 
 1322. Christopher Searle, dyer, . .100 
 
 1323. Christopher Goad, gent., . . .100 
 
 1324. IFrancis Whitston, . . . . .150 
 
 1325. Richard Leader, and compartner, . . 200 
 
 1326. Robert Roulston, . . . . .100 
 
 1327. Thomas Hussey, Jun^, .... 200 
 
 1328. Robert ffoote, ..... 100 
 
 1329. William Stane, Db of phisicke,. . .100 
 
 1330. John Lorrard, ..... 200 
 
 1331. Thomas Woodgate, . . 200 
 
 1332. Richard Piggott, grocer, .... 300 
 
 1333. Mr. Jeremy Burroughs, .... 100 
 
 1334. John Thompson, Esq., .... 200 
 
 1335. Robert Thompson, ..... 100 
 
 1336. Richard Hill, ...... 700 
 
 1337. Benjamin Whitcombe and Richard Vickars, 500 
 
 1338. Robert Garner, of London, merchant, . 400 
 
 1339. Wiliam Gomesdon, .... 300 
 
 1340. Capt. Richard Crandley, .... 300 
 
 1341. Robert or Richard Wood, of Harlow, . 25 
 
 1342. Christopher Tabor, of Harlow, . . 50 
 
 1343. William Wallis, of London, mercer, . .100 
 
 1344. Theophilus Royley, .... 50 
 
 1345. Moyses Goodier, of Plymouth, merchant, . 200 
 
 1346. Paul Greensmith, ..... 50 
 
 1347. John Cobb, ...... 50 
 
 1348. Henry Robrough, minister, ... 30 
 
 o o 
 
448 ADVENTURERS FOR THE SEA SERVICE. 
 
 £ £ s. d. 
 
 1349. John Wallington, . . . . . 25 
 
 1350. Jeremy Bridges, ..... 25 
 
 1351. Thomas Cuningham, .... 1800 
 
 1352. Lewis Dyke, ...... 5200 
 
 1353. Mary Silloby, widdow, . . . .10 
 
 1354. Sarah, y® wife of Laurence Brenley, mer¬ 
 
 chant, ....... 50 
 
 1355. Marmaduke Tenant, clerke, ... 50 
 
 1356. Lambert Pitches, ..... 50 
 
 1357. Samuel Pearce, beaver maker, . . . loo 
 
 1358. Samuel fferris, of London, . . .160 
 
 1359. Henry Eldred, . . . . .100 
 
 1360. John Whiteing,.50 
 
 Total, . 
 
 . £43,406 5 o 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS, 
 
 ADVENTURERS OF 1641,” 
 
 to raise a private army to conquer lands for themselves in Ireland, 72. 
 
 lands to be given them at twelve shillings per acre in Leinster, and proportion¬ 
 ally less in the other provinces, 73. 
 
 their names, addresses, and subscriptions, 403-448. 
 
 their army, when ready to sail from Bristol, is drawn off by the English rebels 
 to fight against the King at Edge Hill, 74. 
 
 for the Sea Service, ordered on a buccaneering expedition to Ireland, 74. 
 
 their names and subscriptions, 443. 
 
 first proposals for their Settlement, dated ist January, 1652, show that the 
 Transplantation was not yet resolved on, 83. 
 
 pressed by Parliament in May, 1652, to propose a form of speedy Planta¬ 
 tion, ib. 
 
 pressed to undertake to plant in three j'ears, ib. 
 
 decline, as it would require 40,000 families, for whom no housing was pre¬ 
 pared, 85. 
 
 assigned the half of ten counties to satisfy £360,000, 94. 
 
 they and the Army divide ten counties between them by lot, 94. 
 
 Colonel Hewson draws for the Army, and Alderman Avery for the Adven¬ 
 turers, 196. 
 
 distribution of their lots by the, 239. 
 
 their Quartering and Sub-quartering of their baronies, ib., 239. 
 
 Adventurers’ Certificate, 239, n. 
 
 names of, and quantities of land respectively, barony of Garrycastle, in the 
 King’s County, 252. 
 
 cause Lady Dunsany to be dragged by force out of her castle like a common 
 Irishwoman, 257. 
 
 Mr. John Pitts, Adventurer, refused possession of his lot in Tipperaiy by the old 
 proprietor, 258. 
 
 by misquartering the barony of Connello, they throw Sir Nicholas Crispe 
 into a bog for his lot, 240. 
 
450 
 
 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 A D V RNTU R E RS —contin ued. 
 
 Dr. Petty inquires what rules they had in turning about, so as to maintain 
 contiguity when they passed out of the S. E. quarter into the S. W., 243. 
 lists of the Adventurers in the county of Tipperary, 386. 
 in barony of Middle Third, 389. 
 
 of IfFa and Ofifa, 391. 
 of Clanwilliam, 394. 
 of Eliogartie, 396. 
 of Ileagh, 398. 
 of Ikerrin, 399. 
 
 ALEXANDER, SIR JEROME, 
 
 his will (A. D. 1672), forbidding his daughter to marry an Irishman, or any 
 one born and bred there, 265. 
 
 ALLEN, COL. WILLIAM, ADJUTANT-GENERAL, 
 
 prays that now they had gotten into houses they had not built, and vineyards 
 they had not planted, they might not forget the Lord and his good¬ 
 ness, 27 I. 
 
 AMERICA, 
 
 soldiers commanded thither sell their debentures at 8s. per pound, 224. 
 England likened (A. D. 1863), to a ship delivered from a plague of stinking 
 rats, by the flight of the Irish to, 341. 
 lately expatriated English in, invited back in 1651 to plant in Ireland, 249. 
 perhaps the now expatriated Irish will be invited back by England, 250. 
 
 ANECDOTES, 
 
 of the Kilkenny innkeeper and young absentee nobleman, 36, n. 
 of Connaught coachman, and prophecy that Irishmen should yet weep over 
 Englishmen’s graves, 49, n. 
 of Molly Hore’s cross at Killsallaghan, 13;, n. 
 
 Of the Irish girl opening the door to a young constabulary ofBcer and his men, 
 holding a white plate before her, like the Venus de Medicis, 260, n. 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON RACE, 
 
 the Land-hunger characteristic of, 125, 135, n. 
 
 denied land at home, they make prey of it, like Buccaneers, abroad, ib. 
 ANTRIM, MARQUIS OF, 
 
 employed by the King into Ireland, to raise Ireland against England, 53. 
 
 ARCHER, MARY, 
 
 prays to be dispensed with, 111. 
 
 “ has an aged father, who would be suddenly brought to his grave,” ib. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 451 
 
 ARMY, 
 
 in 1649 mutinous at being ordered to Ireland, 227. 
 setting out of lands to the army ; 
 
 equalizing counties and baronies, 212. 
 
 counties as valued by the army, 213. 
 
 baronies, ditto, 214-220. 
 
 they “ box” for their lands, 206, 
 
 the regiments of, draw lots for provinces, 203. 
 
 that the rank and file should have land for their arrears at a cheaper rate 
 than officers, 86. 
 
 privates to compound, if they would, for ten acres for every year of ser¬ 
 vice, ib. 
 
 Committee of Parliament report (23rd December, 1652), that ten counties 
 should be divided between the Adventurers and the soldiers, 86. 
 and the regiments of each province for counties and baronies, 207. 
 Commission to Lord Broghill and others for setting out lands in the county 
 of Cork, for arrears, 211. 
 
 list of officers set down in Munster, Leinster and Ulster, 216-220. 
 ARREARS, 
 
 Committee of Parliament suggest lands at lower rates to rank and file than to 
 officers, 86. 
 
 suggest ten acres for every year’s service, to privates, 86. 
 
 a. for service in Ireland since 5th June, 1649, to be first paid, 187. 
 
 this the day Cromwell’s army began their march towards Ireland, 187. 
 
 b. for service in England before 5th June, 1649, next to be paid, 188. 
 consisted in pulling down King and Parliament, 188. 
 
 called English arrears, 188. 
 
 receive Mayo in payment, taken from the transplanted, 189. 
 
 c. for service in Ireland before 5th June, 1649, to be paid next after English 
 
 arrears, 189. 
 
 called shortly ’Forty-Nine arrears, 189. 
 ist. 'Forty-Nine arrears of Coote’s and Monk’s Irish (Protestant) brigade, sa¬ 
 tisfied in 1653, 188, 189, 191. 
 
 are set down along Lough Erne, and along the line of the Blackwater, in 
 county of Cork, 191. 
 
 2nd. Old Protestants, who betrayed the Munster garrisons to Cromwell, in 
 October and November, 1649, 191. 
 
 the arrears of such as could prove themselves active in betraying the gar¬ 
 risons, to be paid, 193. 
 
 the army sullenly give up to them Donegal, Longford, and Wicklow, 193. 
 Cromwell adds Leitrim and the Mile Line, 193. 
 
 2 G 2 
 
452 
 
 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 ASSESSMENT, 
 
 in 1653, double the amount of rent in time of peace, 81. 
 soldiers throw up their farms, unable to bear the weight of it, ib. 
 
 ASSIGNMENT OF DEBENTURES BY COMMON SOLDIERS TO THEIR 
 OFFICERS, 
 
 See Debentures, 221. 
 
 ATHLONE COMMISSIONERS, 
 
 appointed on 28th December, 1654, 155. 
 
 their court called “ The Court of Claims and Qualifications of the Irish, 155— 
 IJ 7 - 
 
 their “ Discrimination Books,” ib. 
 called “ the Black Books,” 157, n. 
 
 the Athlone Decrees called Final Settlements, as compared with the Assign¬ 
 ments of Lands De bene esse of the Loughrea Commissioners, 158. 
 the Loughrea Commissioners commissioned to set out lands according to the 
 Athlone Decrees, ib. 
 
 ATKINSON, LADY MARGARET, 
 
 prays to be dispensed with from transplantation, iir. 
 
 “ of great age, and no one to support her, but her son, Sir G. A., a Protes¬ 
 tant,” ib. 
 
 AXTELL, COLONEL RICHARD, 
 
 shoots six women on the high road betwixt Athy and Kilkenny, 164, n. 
 
 BARNEWALL, NICHOLAS, OF TURVEY, COUNTY OF DUBLIN, 
 
 and Bridget, Countess of Tyrconnell, his wife plead (against being transplanted) 
 their great age and infirmities, 114. 
 
 BARNEWALL, MARGARET, 
 
 applies to be dispensed with from transportation, as “ long troubled with a 
 shaking palsy,” no. 
 
 BEDEL, BISHOP, 
 
 kind treatment of him and his family by the Irish, 62. 
 a mistake to suppose he died a prisoner, ib. 
 
 BIBLE, 
 
 no bloodier implement in the arsenal of the English in the war of 1641-78. 
 served out with ammunition to the troops, for the propagation of the Gospel, ib. 
 
 BIBLE STUFF, 
 
 with which the English and the Soldiery had crammed their heads, and hardened 
 their hearts, 141. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 453 
 
 “BLACK BOOKS,” OR “BLACK BOOKS OF ATHLONE”—the discrimi¬ 
 nation books popularly so called, 157, n. 
 
 “BOXING” OF THE ARMY FOR LANDS, 
 described, 206. 
 
 BREHON SYSTEM, 
 
 established side by side with the Feudal system in Ireland, 15. 
 their Sessions described by Spenser and Campion (1571-1590), eye-wit¬ 
 nesses, 15. 
 
 continued to the reign of James L, 16. 
 
 the Brehon of the M‘Guires and Sir John Davis, 16. 
 
 BRITONS, 
 
 civilized by the Romans into cowardice, 3. 
 
 BURKES OF GALWAY AND MAYO, 
 are “English Rebels,” 30. 
 
 “ tall men that boast themselves to be of the King’s blood, and berith hate to 
 the Irishrie,” 30. 
 
 drive the King’s writ out of Connaught, or it had driven out them, ib. 
 fear of confiscation kept them in the class of English rebels, ib., and 35, n. 
 
 BURNELL, HENRY, 
 
 pleads (against being transplanted) his languishing sickness, and a respite till 
 I St June, when probably he will have strength to travel on foot to Con¬ 
 naught, 113. 
 
 BURREN, 
 
 barony of, in Clare, had not wood enough to hang a man, water enough to 
 drown him, or earth enough to bury him, 121. 
 
 BUTLER, MARY, 
 
 widow, of Co. Tipperary, pleads (against being transplanted) that she disco¬ 
 vered an ambushraent of the Irish to cut off the English, 113. 
 
 Ellinor, widow, prays to be dispensed, “ for her chardge of helpless chil¬ 
 dren,” 111. 
 
 CARRICKMINES CASTLE, 
 
 Sir Simon Harcourt (August, 1642), killed at the siege, and every living crea¬ 
 ture massacred in revenge, 57. 
 
 CARTHAGINIANS, 
 
 to hear the English complain of massacres is as entertaining as it proved to the 
 Rliegians to hear the Carthaginians complain of anything effected bv 
 guile, 71. 
 
454 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 CARTHAGINIANS—con<i««e(^. 
 
 the desolation of Ireland by the English in 1652 likened to the state of Sicily 
 under the Carthaginians, 283, 284. 
 
 CASHEL, 
 
 to be cleared of Irish, 277. 
 
 citizens of, dispensed from Transplantation; but God, better knowing their 
 wickedness, burnt down the town, 23rd May, 1654, sparing only the 
 English, 126. 
 
 CAULFEILD, LORD, 
 
 not murdered by Sir Phelim O’Neil, 63. 
 
 CHEEVERS, WALTER, 
 
 of Monkstown Castle, near Dublin, is transplanted, and Ludlow is given his 
 castle, 176. 
 
 his transplanter’s certificate, 177. 
 
 the Council order him in vain a good house in Connaught, 178. 
 
 CHURCH OF CHRIST, 
 
 “sitting, at Chichester House, in College-green, Dublin,” in 1659, 93. 
 CLONMEL, 
 
 ordered to be cleared of Irish by 25th March, 1655, except 43 artificers, 277. 
 
 COMYN, SIR NICHOLAS, 
 
 of Limerick, his certificate on transplanting, 104. 
 
 “ numb at one side of his body of a dead palsy,’’ ib. 
 
 CONNAUGHT, 
 
 Strafl?brd confiscates it, in order to found a noble English Plantation, 47. 
 intends to take half of each man’s estate, ib. 
 
 the Parliament of England angry with Charles I. for not carrying out the 
 plan, 48. 
 
 by Act of 26th Sept., reserved “for the 1653 habitation of the Irish nation,” 
 
 97 - 
 
 selected because it is an island all but ten miles, loi. 
 a four-mile belt of English military planters round Connaught, ib. 
 transplanters have to bribe the officers and the Commissioners at Loughrea if 
 they would get a good allotment, or speedy despatch, 151. 
 in 1654 a waste, 120. 
 
 the horses being all eaten (June, 1653), the Irish were feeding upon one 
 another, the living eating the dead, 120. 
 the first transplanters scared at the sight, 122. 
 
 Sligo county taken from the transplanted, and given to the soldiers, 150. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 45 ? 
 
 CONNAUGHT—con«j/iae«?. 
 
 the best part of the barony of Tyrawley, in the county of Mayo, given to the 
 soldiery, ib. 
 
 Mayo taken for English arrears, 163. 
 
 Leitrim taken for arrears before 5th June, 1649, 151. 
 
 certain baronies in, appointed to receive the inhabitants from the different 
 counties in the other three provinces, 161. 
 proprietors insult the transplanters, 152. 
 
 supply of land for the transplanted exhausted long before half of them are pro¬ 
 vided for, 164. 
 
 CONVERSIONS, 
 
 Dispensation Committees to satisfy themselves whether it was a real desertion 
 of Popery, or only to escape Connaught, 131. 
 
 Edward Spring, of Killeagh, county of Kerry, 132. 
 converts at Wexford, ib. 
 unworthy ones at Dublin, ib. 
 
 COOK, JOHN, CHIEF JUSTICE OF MUNSTER, 
 
 his vision during a storm at sea, in “ The Hector,” of meeting his Sweet Re¬ 
 deemer in a room with a long table, two candles, two trenchers, and 
 tobacco and pipes, and obtaining the safety of the ship, 317. 
 
 “Hector (said Christ), is for heathens, but you shall be as safe as if you were 
 in Codd’s boat, or the governor’s house in Wexford,” 317. 
 fears that the malignants in England would laugh, hearing he and his wife 
 were drowned, 318. 
 
 their rhymes upon his execution in 1660, 318. 
 
 COOTE, SIR CHARLES, 
 
 “ kills the nits, that they shall not grow lice,” 58. 
 
 CORK, 
 
 the loyal ancient English, when turned out by Inchiquin in 1644, send the 
 sword, mace, and Cap of Maintenance by Robert Coppinger, the Mayor, 
 to Lord Ormond, the King’s representative, who knights him, 167-169. 
 
 “COSHERERS AND WANDERERS,” 
 
 proprietors dispossessed by James I. and Charles I. become, 49. 
 
 Stat. of loth and nth Charles I. against, ib., n. 
 
 the brothers, nephews, uncles, &c., of the transplanted proprietors are found 
 coshering (1656), on the tenants of the estate, and are therefore trans¬ 
 planted, 326, n. 
 
 outlawed priests and dispossessed gentlemen cosher on, that is, are supported 
 by, the peasantry (1660—1688), 351. 
 
 Archbishop King’s remarks upon this great evil, ib. 
 
456 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 COUGHLAN, DANIEL, 
 
 loses in the King’s County plantation, not every fourth acre, according to rule, 
 but all, 45. 
 
 COUGHLAN, MRS., 
 
 got out with difficulty by Gregory Clements and other Adventurers, in Garry- 
 castle barony, in King’s County, 252. 
 
 CRISPE, SIR NICHOLAS, 
 
 his petition (14th December, 1644), complaining of the misquartering of the 
 barony of Connello, 241, n. 
 
 his plan or “ character” to show the misquartering of the barony of Connello, 
 county of Limerick, 240. 
 
 CROCODILE, 
 
 Englishman’s taking an Irish girl to wife, likened to going to bed to a naked 
 crocodile, 261. 
 
 CROMWELL, OLIVER, 
 
 “ the service [of Ireland] will be gallant; the design superlative; and if Old 
 Noll or any man of fidelity and gallantry do accept of that brigade, he 
 cannot want men or money,” 227. 
 lands at Ringsend, near Dublin, on 14th August, 1649, 75. 
 is called home immediately after the taking of Clonmel, 24th May, 1650, ib. 
 his letter to the Deputy and Council that Lord Ikerrin be not transplanted, 
 nor suffered to perish for want of subsistence, 181, n. 
 
 CROMWELL, THE LORD HENRY, 
 
 succeeds his brother-in-law Fleetwood, as Lord Deputy, in September, 
 
 230- 
 
 gets Porlumna Castle, the seat of the Earls of Clanricard, with 6000 acres 
 adjoining, 163. 
 
 enchanted with Ireland, 137, n. 
 
 his letter (March 8, 1662), to the Duke of Ormond, ib., ib. 
 wishes to live there, above all other places, ib., ib. 
 
 CUSACK, MARGARET, 
 
 pleads (against being transplanted) that she is seventy-eight, and dropsical, 113. 
 
 DANES OR OSTMEN, 
 
 object to he killed for five marks, like the Irish, 22. 
 because they had paid £3000 for their freedom, ib. 
 
 DEBENTURES, 
 
 (See also Soldiers of Cromwell’s army.) 
 
 board for stating soldiers’ accompts (A. D. 1652), and issuing debentures, 196. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 457 
 
 DEBENTURES— continued. 
 
 a mere acknowledgment of debt to be paid in land, but no conveyance, 197. 
 though the land came to be called “ a Debeuter,” 197. 
 
 3-et “ Prithee where are Cajsar’s bands, 
 
 Allotted their debenture lands?” 197, n. 
 
 Sir John Reynolds’s debenture lands considered personalty for want of the cer¬ 
 tificate or patent of possession, 198. 
 
 soldiers refuse to part with them till they get plenary satisfaction, 200. 
 of 33,419 issued, 21,615 remained in their hands at the Restoration, 201. 
 the tenour of the debenture in the frontispiece given, 196. 
 to be given up on lands being assigned, and certificates given in their 
 stead, 2 10. 
 
 sale of, by the common soldiers to their officers, frequent, through distress, 
 consequent upon delay in assigning lands, 221. 
 though forbidden by Act of Parliament, 221. 
 
 sale of, by common soldiers to their officers; deed of assignment by thirty-four 
 soldiers to their ensign, 222, n. 
 
 advances made by government on, to starving widows of soldiers, 223. 
 various instances, 224, n. 
 
 sold for the greater part by the common soldiers to their officers before the as¬ 
 signment of lands to the army, 226. 
 
 DESOLATION, 
 
 Iretou, in a march of 180 miles, finds districts of thirty miles together, with 
 hardly a house or living thing, 79. 
 
 such, that (in 1652) wolves were hunted in the suburbs of Dublin, 284. 
 
 Ireland in ruins, like Sicily, from the tj’ranny of the Carthaginians, ib. 
 wandering orphans (1653), preyed upon by wolves, 307. 
 
 twenty and thirty miles (1652-53), without a living thing—man, beast, and 
 bird, all dead or fled, ib. 
 
 such was the depopulation that great part of it, it was believed, must lie waste 
 many years—much of it for many ages, 308. 
 whole districts laid waste, and put out of protection (1650-59), so that any 
 found within the limits were liable to be shot on the spot, 3 26. 
 all Kerry put out of protection, and the adjacent mountaijis of Cork and 
 Limerick, 326. 
 other districts, ibid., n. 
 
 DISCRIMINATION, 
 
 books of, “ see Black Books.” 
 
458 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 DISPENSATIONS FROM TRANSPLANTATION, 
 various applications for, no. 
 orders of Council on petitions for, 277-385. 
 on the petition of Lord Brittas, 377. 
 of Piers Creagh, 378. 
 of Dowager Lady Louth, 379. 
 of Elinor Butler, ib. 
 of Mary Thorpe, 380. 
 of Lady Trimleston, ib. 
 of Mary Archer, 381. 
 of Lord Ikerrin, ib. 
 of Edmund Magrath, 382. 
 of Old Native Inhabitants of Limerick, ib. 
 of Richard Christmas, 383. 
 
 Dame Mary Culme, 389. 
 
 Lady Grace Talbot, ib. 
 
 DISPENSATIONS, 
 
 committees of, to dispense temporarily the impotent, the converted, the good- 
 affectioiied, 123, 124. 
 
 DOWN SURVEY, 
 
 soldiers’ allotments intended to have been marked on the maps, 205. 
 field work done by soldiers instructed by Dr, Petty, ib. 
 eight of them captured by Tories, 206. 
 
 DUNSANY, THE LADY, 
 
 dragged out of her castle, with her children, like any common Irishwoman, by 
 the Adventurers, 255. 
 
 DUNSANY, THE LORD, 
 
 an Englishman born, his mother an Englishwoman, his wife an Englishwoman, 
 and his house lords under the Crown of England for 300 years, 255. 
 had rather die a lover of the prosperity of England than to possess in quiet all 
 the North of Ireland, 256. 
 
 yet forced to leave his castle to the Adventurers and to transplant, 256. 
 
 DROGHEDA QUARTER, 
 
 by the slaughter at Dungan’s Hill (A. D. 1647), Colonel Jones almost 
 anticipates the term Drogheda Quarter, and revives “ the Pardon of 
 Minooth,” 189. 
 
 DUBLIN, 
 
 the puling of a flock of seabirds in the night air over the city (December, 
 1641), terrifies the inhabitants, 56. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 459 
 
 DUBLIN — continued. 
 
 a way ordered to be made (October 9, 1646), beside the wall within and with¬ 
 out, that a troop of horse, 20 in front, may travel, 274. 
 tlie Ostmantown (or Oxmantown), formed perhaps on the expulsion of the 
 Danes, as in Waterford, 296, n. 
 
 cleared of Irish by Colonel Michael Jones on Ormonde’s surrendering the city 
 and the sword (July, 1647), to the Parliament, 274. 
 
 Sir Thomas Sherlock, the only Papist allowed to stay on the clearing of Dub¬ 
 lin by Col. Michael Jones, and only till he could find shipping, 275. 
 Ormonde’s Proclamation (in 1645), making it death for the soldiers to pull 
 down the empty houses for firing, 274. 
 
 “to be always kept a chaste English town” (Sir W. Temple, 1668), 297. 
 though then (in Justice Clodpole’s opinion), “ but the lesser Sodom,’’ 297. 
 
 ENGLISH, 
 
 “ many thousands of, who came over in Queen Elizabeth’s day, had become 
 one with the Irish in 1641,” 142. 
 
 the eternal enemies and revilers of the Irish name and nation, 59. 
 
 ENGLISH, THE, 
 
 such slaves to the Normans, that it became a disgrace to be called “ English¬ 
 man,” 5. 
 
 cut the throats of any stray Norman tyrant, as the only means of making 
 themselves respected, 5. 
 
 in Giraldus’ time one of the basest races under heaven, 7. 
 cleaners of privies to the Normans, ib. 
 
 have always, by their insolence, forced their provinces to throw oft’ their 
 yoke, 7, n. 
 
 called by the Irish “ Buddagh Sassenach,” or Saxon clowns, 35. 
 because of their manners, 35. 
 
 “being often conquered, slavish; and take it not ill to be slaves to their 
 superiors,” 136. 
 
 “ English divill of keeping state,” 136. 
 
 ENGLISH, THE NATURALIZED, 
 their dress Irish, 31. 
 
 use March law, being a mixture of English law, and the law of Kincogish, 312. 
 
 ENGLISH, THE OLD, 
 
 of Dublin, Drogheda, Cork, Kinsale, and Youghal, remain faithful to Eng¬ 
 land, 273. 
 
 but outnumbered and overpowered in Waterford, Limerick, and Galway, by tlie 
 Irish, ib. 
 
460 INDKX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 “ ENGLISCHERIE,” PRESENTMENT OF, 
 
 to punisU the townland for a Norman tyrant killed, 5. 
 
 ENGLISH INTEREST, THE, ANATOMIZED, 
 
 “ if the English interest cannot be maintained in Kilkenny, &c., without 
 extirpating those that have built and walled them to defend that interest, 
 what-?” 293. 
 
 “an unsocial, unchristian, and inhuman interest,” 294. 
 
 “ if this Cannibal English interest gives no quarter to the children of English 
 what can foreign nations expect ?” ib. 
 
 “ the only interest on earth that cannot be preserved without destroying all the 
 rest of mankind,” ib. 
 
 EXTERMINATION OF THE IRISH, 
 preached for gospel in 1642, 58. 
 women and infants not to be spared, ib. 
 projected in Henry VIII.’s reign, 38. 
 
 but abandoned because no precedent found for it in the cronycle of the Con¬ 
 quest, ib. 
 
 to be confined at that time to the Irish gentry, ib. 
 
 FAMINE, 
 
 in Connaught fin 1653), such that the horses were all eaten, 120. 
 and the Irish eating one another, the living preying on the dead, 120. 
 carrion and corpses eaten, 1652-53,307. 
 
 old women and children found (1652) in a ruined cabin eating collops from a 
 roasting corpse, 308. 
 
 FEUDAL SYSTEM, 
 
 framed in an era of darkness and violence, 2. 
 the basis of the law of real property in Europe, ib. 
 overthrown happily in France, ib. 
 its burdens, i6—18. 
 
 the King sells the wardships and marriages of his tenants’ orphan heirs and 
 heiresses, 17. 
 
 one of the inducements to settle in towns was to enjoy freedom of marriage, 18. 
 divided society in England, and in rest of Europe, except Ireland, into the 
 conquerors and conquered, gentlemen and serfs, 135. 
 the common people of Europe are mostly but emancipated villeins, ib. 
 
 Ireland escaped the thousand years of Roman and Feudal slavery suft'ered by 
 the Western World, ib. 
 
 meaning of wardships, marriages, fines for alienation, primer seizins, &c., 17. 
 Countess of Warwick pays £1000 for liberty to remain a widow, 18. 
 could not subsist beside the freer Brehon system of Ireland, 26. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 461 
 
 FEUDAL SYSTEM— continued. 
 
 the English of Ireland declare that the Exchequer officers exacting the Feudal 
 dues are worse than the Irish enemy, 26. 
 
 FETHARD, IN COUNTY OF TIPPERARY, 
 
 “ to be differenced from the whole nation,” 125. 
 
 FIFTH OF JUNE, 1649, 
 
 the day Cromwell’s forces began their march for Ireland, 137. 
 
 FINES FOR RECUSANCY, 
 
 employed to build Protestant bishops palaces, 51. 
 
 Primate’s Great House at Drogheda so built, 51. 
 
 FIVE COUNTIES, THE. 
 
 south of Dublin, within the Liffey and Barrow, to form a new English Pale, 
 
 245- 
 
 to be cleared of Irish because of the fastnesses, ib. 
 
 the English planters get liberty to keep a few on condition of their adopting 
 English manners and religion, 270, 271. 
 
 FLEETWOOD, 
 
 his angry proclamation, ist June, 1655, against officers taking Irish gentry as 
 tenants, 268. 
 
 his Circular Letter of 20th August, 1655, to the disbanded officers, to march 
 their men to take possession of lands for their arrears, 228. 
 
 “ FLIGHT OF THE IRISH RATS TO AMERICA,” 
 
 England thus freed (A. D. 1863), like a ship of a plague of stinking rats, 341. 
 “ the iron has not entered into the Irishman’s soul (like the English labourer’s), 
 so he conspires with his class,” 342. 
 
 “ he despises the English labourer’s lotas without rights, without dignity, with¬ 
 out prospects,” 342. 
 
 “FORTY-NINE ARREARS,” 189. 
 
 “FORTY-NINE, THE,” AND THE “FIFTY'-THREE,” 
 
 the “Fifty-three” were Coote and Monk’s Irish (Protestant) Brigade, satisfied 
 their “ Forty-nine” arrears in 163'3, 195. 
 the “ Forty-nine” were the old Munster garrisons under Inchiquin,—ordered 
 their arrears by Cromwell in 1655—but overtaken by the Restoration, 
 and the officers only satisfied, 195. 
 
 FOSTERAGE, ITS NATURE, 20. 
 
 a tie stronger than that of blood, 21. 
 
 GALLOGLASSES, 
 
 professional soldiers, 20. 
 
462 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 GALLOGL ASSES— continued. 
 
 knew not how to till the ground or to navigate ships, but their business to 
 fight and conquer, ib. 
 
 GALWAY, TOWN OF, 
 
 “hated (iu 1641) by powerful neighbours for being all English,” 302. 
 
 “ neither 0 ne Mac to strutte ne swagger in the streets of Galway,” being an 
 English town, ib, 
 
 their 400 years’ unsuspected loyalty forgotten and distrusted in 1641, ib. 
 offered for sale by the Parliament of England, July, 1643, with 10,000 acres 
 contiguous, for £7500 fine, and £520 rent, payable to the State, 272. 
 described by the Council as the most considerable port of trade in the three 
 kingdoms before the war, London only excepted, 306. 
 cleared of Irish, 30th October, if>55, and given to the Corporations of Liver¬ 
 pool and Gloucester, for their debts of £10,000 each, to plant with Eng¬ 
 lish, 305, 306. 
 
 its noble, uniform, marble buildings before 1652, 306. 
 
 it is a comparatively easy thing to unsettle a nation or ruin a town, but not so 
 easy to resettle either when ruined, ib. 
 its “ hungry air” becomes, in 1862, the mock of the Official stranger, ib. 
 
 GAME LAW, 
 
 Irish never knew it. 19. 
 
 one of the mistakes (according to Sir John Davis) in the Conquest of Ire¬ 
 land, ib. 
 
 might have been the means of enslaving them like the English, ib. 
 one of King John’s Flemish soldiers is shocked at the tameness of the game in 
 England, ib. 
 
 GARRYCASTLE, BARONY OF, 
 
 in King’s County, the ancient territory of the M'Coughlans, 252. 
 falls to the Adventurers, ib. 
 
 the officers connive with Mrs. Mary M’Couglilan in her attempt to keep pos¬ 
 session, ib. 
 
 GAULS, 
 
 one of the mightiest races the world ever brought forth, i. 
 
 Camillus called Second founder of Rome, for ransoming Rome from them, ib. 
 serve in the armies of Pyrrhus and of Carthage, 2. 
 
 Marius called Third founder, for defeating them, ib. 
 take the side of the injured, ib. 
 
 march openly to their end, and are thus easily circumvented, ib. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 463 
 
 GAULS— continued. 
 
 Antiochus called Soteer, or Saviour, for rescuing Asia Minor from them, 2. 
 song of three Ionian young ladies, who quit life for fear of them, ib., n. 
 the chosen soldiers of Pyrrhus, ib. 
 
 Gauls of France, weighed down with Roman taxes, and ruined by large landed 
 estates, welcome the barbarian invaders, 3. 
 
 GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS, 
 
 on the liveliness and freedom of the Irish, 137. 
 
 on the coldness of men of Saxon and German stock, ib. 
 
 how strangers are immediately enchanted by the country, 136. 
 
 calls the English the most degraded of all races under heaven, 7, n. 
 
 the most treacherous and murderous, ib. 
 
 doubts whether their servile habits arise from long slavery, or the natural dul- 
 ness of the Saxon race, 11. 
 
 GOOKIN, SIR VINCENT, 
 
 in 1634 publishes an invective against all the inhabitants of Ireland, who 
 would have him hanged, if they could, 137. 
 
 GOOKIN, VINCENT, 
 
 son of Sir Vincent, returned as representative of Kinsale and the adjoining 
 towns to the Little Parliament in 1653, 134. 
 his national land hunger satisfied, he learns to love the Irish, 135. 
 opposes Transplantation by his book, “ The Great Case of Transplantation Dis¬ 
 cussed,” 135-140. 
 
 fury of the officers of the army at his book, 140. 
 
 HANGING, DEATH BY, FOR NOT TR. 4 NSPLANTING, 
 
 the officers’ tender of, but had no scruple of sending the offending Irish proprie¬ 
 tors to West Indies, 129. 
 
 Daniel Fitzpatrick and another condemned to death at Kilkenny, 133. 
 
 Mr. Edward Hetherington hanged at Dublin with placards on back and 
 breast, ib. 
 
 Irish gentry choose to be hanged rather than remove from their wonted habi¬ 
 tations, 133. 
 
 HARCOURT, SIR SIMON, 
 
 burns the English Pale in 1642, 57. 
 
 in the churchyard at Kinsale, in December, 1641, cries, “ Down with all males 
 above thirteen,” 37. 
 
 his soldiers massacre man, woman, and child at Carrickmines (August, 1642), 
 because of his death at that siege, 57. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 464 
 
 HARP, 
 
 fondness of the old English families of the Pale for the Irish harp, 33, n. 
 
 “ There was old Tracy, with old Darcy, playing all weathers on the clarsey, 
 the Irish harp,” ib. 
 
 silenced in Britain by the Saxons, 12. 
 
 heard only in Wales, ib. 
 
 it retires with the advance of English power in Ireland, and after the battle of 
 the Boyne is heard only in Connaught, 63, n. 
 
 they are forbidden to keep their Irish harpers, 33. 
 
 HEAD MONEY, 
 
 two pence per ploughland for every Irishman’s head brought (A. D. 1465), 
 to the chief towns of the four counties of the English Pale, 328. 
 
 £500 put on Lord Muskerry’s head, £300 on Lord Mountgarret’s, and other 
 sums on other commanders, 328. 
 
 the Irish soldiers offered these rewards for bringing in their officers’ heads, 328. 
 
 HENRY II. 
 
 not resisted by the Irish, as the English came recommended by the Pope and 
 the Bishops, 28. 
 
 neither Henry II. nor King John ever struck stroke against the Irish in Ire¬ 
 land, ib. 
 
 the ruling tribes in each of the five provinces became allies of the English, ib. 
 
 known in Law as “ The Five Bloods,” ib. 
 
 engages by the Treaty of Windsor that the Irish kings and people shall enjoy 
 all their lands, except the parts of Leinster and Meath in possession of him 
 and his barons, 14. 
 
 unknown to the Irish, divides Ireland between ten of his barons, 17. 
 
 HETHERINGTON, MR. EDWARD, 
 
 hanged (April, 1655) at Dublin, with placards on breast and back “for not 
 transplanting,’’ 133. 
 
 HORE, MRS., 
 
 of Kilsallaghan, near Dublin, driven mad at the order to transplant, and hangs 
 herself, 185. 
 
 “Molly Hore’s cross,” ib. 
 
 HUE AND CRY, 
 
 (or Hullaloo, as the Irish call it), on occasion of the killing of a Cromwellian 
 planter (A. D. 1656), sure to be sent by the Irish the wrong way, 175. 
 
 IKERRIN, 
 
 Lord Viscount, prays to be dispensed for his weakness of body, 181. 
 
 his transplanter’s certificate, 105. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 465 
 
 IKERRIN— 
 
 ancestor of the present Earl of Garrick, dwelt at Lismalin Park, barony of 
 Ikerrin, Co. Tipperary, adjacent to Co. Kilkenny, 179. 
 is transplanted, ib. 
 
 “ indeed [writes the Lord Protector] he is a miserable object of pity, and 
 we desire that he be not suffered to perish for want of subsistence,” 181. 
 Viscountess, falls sick, and is unable to follow her husband, with her daughters 
 and cattle, to Connaught, at the time appointed, 181. 
 
 Pierce Butler, Viscount, his grandson and heir, claims at the Restoration as an 
 innocent Protestant, 182, n. 
 
 INCHIQUIN, EARL OF, 
 
 gives houses in Cork to his grooms and servants to occupy, to save them (on 
 the expelling of the Irish thence in 1644) from being torn down for firing 
 in guard houses, 283. 
 
 turns all the old English natives out of Cork, because of the King’s treaty with 
 the Irish, 167. 
 
 expects that deserving men will have their enemies’ estates after this war, as 
 after Tyrone’s wars, 166. 
 
 hopes “ to see the Parliament on the flat of their backs before Michael¬ 
 mas,” 192. 
 
 in the presence chamber of the Castle of Mallow, persuades his officers to 
 desert the Parliament for the King, ib. 
 
 INTERMARRIAGES— (&e IMarriages). 
 
 INVITATION, THE, 
 
 the Puritan leaders invite the Scotch rebels to invade England, 51. 
 the King at Edinburgh collecting evidence of the treason of Pym and the other 
 inviters when the Irish Rebellion breaks out, 64. 
 they impeach the King of tyranny, to be beforehand with his projected im¬ 
 peachment of them, 64. 
 
 IRELAND, 
 
 described by Giraldus as another world, 8. 
 
 never enslaved by the Romans, or brought under feudal serfdom, ib. 
 was, at Henry II.’s arrival, like Gaul at Julius Cmsar’s invasion, 9. 
 not covered in 1172, like England, with castles on heights, where foreign tyrants 
 secured themselves, 10. 
 one of the barbicans of the realm, 52. 
 might be made a fortress for the reduction of England, 52. 
 if the Irish were all in Connaught, would be a very good land, and soon all 
 planted, 141. 
 
466 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 IRETON, LORD DEPUTY-GENERAL, 
 
 liis proclamation of ist May, 1651, against intermarriages of English officers 
 or soldiers with Irishwomen, 233, n., and 261. 
 
 IRISH, THE, 
 
 “ the most ancient nation in Western Europe, and come of as mighty a race as 
 the world ever brought forth,” i. 
 belong to the Gaulish race, ib. 
 never sw'addled their infants, ii. 
 delighted in the harp, 12. 
 in hurling, ib. 
 
 loved detached houses, and hated towns, 10. 
 
 their freedom of speech in presence of their chiefs, 11. 
 
 the freedom of the chiefs with their followers, ib. 
 
 a hearty race of men, who belong to an earlier, nncorrupted world, 135. 
 the commonest Irishman has something about him of the gentleman, 135. 
 never knew game law or forest law, 19. 
 
 Sir John Davis regrets it, as it might have been a means of enslaving them 
 like the English, ib. 
 
 fosterage a kind of wardship with the Irish, but voluntary, 20. 
 give large gifts to the Earl of Kildare to have his sons to foster, ib., n. 
 their land sj'stem, 13. 
 
 knew no such thing as tenure, rent, or forfeiture, 14. 
 
 denied the use of English law to defend their bodies or lands, 21. 
 
 killing an Irishman no murder, ib. 
 
 a fine of five marks payable, hut mostly they killed us for nothing, ib. 
 unable to purchase land, 22. 
 
 lands seized by the King and confiscated because purchased by Irishmen, 23. 
 forced by the Popery Acts to discover on oath against themselves, 24, n. 
 this law prevailed practically till the first American war, v. 
 how they preserved any lands in early times from the English, 24. 
 there were no Arms Acts, ib. 
 
 loved the descendants of the early invaders as their natural leaders, 40. 
 untruly charged with questioning their titles in times before the Plantations of 
 Elizabeth, ib. 
 
 had rather see Kildare’s banner displayed than to see God reign upon earth, 41. 
 were loved by their English leaders of the birth of Ireland, ib. 
 the great Earl of Desmond (A. D. 1580) declared that he had rather forsake 
 God than forsake his men, ib. 
 reoccupy their native lands deserted by the English, 37. 
 much of Kildare, and Tipperary, and Kilkenny thus reoccupied, ib. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 467 
 
 IRISH, THE— continued. 
 
 the Parliament offer the lands to any English that will recover them, ib. 
 
 Earls of Ormond and Kildare have grants of all lands they could win from the 
 Irish, ib. 
 
 of opinion among themselves, in Henry VIII.’s reign, that Englishmen will 
 one day put them from their lands for ever, ib. 
 have ever lacked gall to supply a wholesome animosity to the eternal enemies 
 and revilers of their name and nation, 59. 
 
 “ the nature of, to be rebellious; the more disposed to it (August, 1654), being 
 highly exasperated by the transplanting work,” 126. 
 forbidden by the Danes and English who built the towns to dwell in them, 273. 
 this rule applied (in 1659) by the Cromwellians to the descendants of the 
 founders, ib. 
 
 the peasantry not like submissive and subdued Saxons, 330. 
 deprived of their gentry, the nation yet lived in the peasants, ib. 
 
 “ would rather (1650) pluck God from his throne, or throw themselves headlong 
 into the sea, than be loyal to the Crown of England,” ib. 
 the peasantry possessed of unconquerable minds, ib. 
 unsubdued after 500 years of English conquest, ib. 
 
 looked upon the Parliament as a body of conspirators against the religion, pro¬ 
 perty, liberty, and existence of the Irish, 331. 
 their flight to America (1850-1863) disburthens England, like a ship of a 
 plague of stinking rats, 342. 
 
 IRISH ENEMY, 
 
 all Irish, from time of Edward III., that had not charters of English free¬ 
 dom, 29. 
 
 a less injurious term than “ Irish Papist," in 17th and 1 8(h centuries, ib. 
 
 IRISH GENTRY, 
 
 become tenants of their old estates to the Cromw’ellian officers, under the per¬ 
 mission given to them to take Irish tenants, as none others were to be 
 had, 266. 
 
 Fleetwood’s angry Proclamation against Irish gentry being taken as tenants 
 by the oflucers, 268. 
 it interrupted their transplantation, ib. 
 
 IRISH PEASANTS (A. D. 1655), 
 
 skilled in the husbandry proper to the country, 138. 
 
 in every hundred of them five or six masons and carpenters at the least, ib. 
 few of the women but skilled in dressing flax and hemp, and making woollen 
 cloth, ib. 
 
 2 H 2 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 468 
 
 IRISH PAPISTS, 
 
 “ a disjointed People; tliough all equally Papist, they are not equally 
 Irish,” 148. 
 
 IRISH TENANTS, 
 
 their hearty courtesy preferable to the brutal manners of English clowns, 
 
 135 - 
 
 none but Irish to be had by Cromwellian officers, because English would not 
 become tenants wdiere they could get land in fee-simple for asking, ib. 
 
 JURORS, 
 
 fined £16,000 in Michaelmas Term, 1616, in Dublin, for refusing to find ver¬ 
 dicts of recusancy against their fellow-Catholios, 51. 
 fined in county of Cavan alone, £8000, ib. 
 packed in prison like herrings in a barrel, ib. 
 the Primate’s Great House in Drogheda built out of the fines, ib. 
 
 KERRY, COUNTY OF, 
 
 the ofiiccrs of the Munster lot endeavour to get rid of it, notwithstanding it 
 had come to them as a lot from the Lord,” 203. 
 
 KILKENNY, 
 
 ordered to be cleared of Irish by ist May, 1654, 277. 
 
 except forty artificers, to be cleared of all Irish (1656), and no English mer¬ 
 chants or traders to drive any trade there by Irish agents, 278. 
 beside the English town, walled and fortified, stood the Irish town, 285, 286. 
 inhabitants of the Irish town serve the English with butter, carts, &c., as the 
 native town in India serves the English cantonments, 286. 
 a kind of second capital of Leinster, 287. 
 
 the sweet oval faces, the graceful figures, and clear complexion of its 
 women, 287. 
 
 the high Court of Justice sits in pomp (October, 1652), in the hall where sat 
 the Confederate Assembly, 287. 
 
 Michael Langton's widow and orphans, at the clearing, retire to Ballynekill, 
 Queen’s County, 288. 
 
 Nicholas Langton returns to Kilkenny from slavery in Morocco, to find English 
 slavery here as bad as the Algerine, 239. 
 the exiled inhabitants address the King (13 June, 1661),“ from out of their 
 coverts and lurking places, being still in durance in their old prisons of 
 misery,” 291. 
 
 the thirty-two artificers’ families spared by Cromwell at the clearing (1654), 
 are driven out (December, 1660), by the Royalists, 292. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 469 
 
 KILKENNY— continued. 
 
 “ If the interest of England cannot be maintained in Wexford, Kilkenny, and 
 Galway, without extirpating those that built and walled them, to preserve 
 this interest-!” 295. 
 
 KILKENNY (OR LEINSTER) ARTICLES, 
 
 the Leinster army surrenders on 12 May, 1650, 8t. 
 such regiments as will may go to Spain, ib. 
 
 are led by Gen. Ludlow (on submitting) to hope for such remnant of their 
 estate as may make their lives comfortable among the English, ib. 
 istofMay, 1655, are transplanted, 114. 
 submittees, who, ib. 
 
 KINCOGUS AND PREY MONEYS, 
 
 the Irish in protection in the English quarters are rendered answerable for the 
 spoils done by their kindred in arras, 334. 
 
 Colonel Michael Jones (Governor of Dublin), his Kincogus Proclamation of 
 2nd November, 1647, 334. 
 
 the protected Irish so ruined by them in the course of eighteen months, that 
 the law is repealed, 336. 
 
 KINDRED MONEYS, 
 
 levies under Colonel Jones’s Proclamation of 2nd November, 1647, 334 
 
 LAMB, 
 
 license to kill lamb required in 1652, on account of destruction of cattle by 
 war, 79. 
 
 order for Mrs. Alice Bulkely to kill some, because of weakness ; but not more 
 than three in the whole year, ib. 
 
 LAND, 
 
 balance of power in a state rests with that class which has the balance of 
 land. Preface. 
 
 schemes to divest the Irish of land, and with it of power, ib. 
 
 large landed estates, after destroying Italy, destroyed the Provinces, 3. 
 
 LAND-HUNGER OF THE ENGLISH, 
 
 greater than that of all other people, 135, n. 
 they “fight for land wherever they settle,” ib., ib. 
 
 denied it at home, they sail off to make prey of it, like land pirates beyond the 
 shores of England, ib., ib. 
 
 LAW, 
 
 the will of the strongest; practically learned by those who were thrust out of 
 house and land for the Soldiers and Adventurers, 258. 
 
 “ administei'ing of justice” is but the enforcing of the will of the strongest, ib. 
 
47 ° INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 LAWRENCE, COLONEL RICHARD, 
 
 his “Interest of England in the Irish Transplantation Stated,” &c., in answer 
 to Vincent Gookin’s “ Case of Transplantation in Ireland Diseussed,” 143. 
 
 LIMERICK, 
 
 (among other towns), to he cleared of Irish, 272. 
 
 offered for sale by the Parliament in July, 1643, with 12,000 acres contiguous, 
 to English and foreign merchants, for £30,000 fine, and £625 rent, pay¬ 
 able to the State, ib. 
 
 LE HUNTE, COLONEL, 
 
 Captain of Cromwell’s Life Guard, 236. 
 
 seeks to appropriate 1500 acres in Liberties of New Ross, applicable to Major 
 Shepherd’s company, 236. 
 
 LEITRIM, 
 
 filled by the transplanting Ulster Creaghts, 150. 
 
 taken for the soldiers, though assigned by the Parliament to the Irish, 15 r. 
 
 LIMERICK, LIBERTIES OF, 
 
 the several towns and seats in the Liberties of Limerick equalized by the gentle¬ 
 men of Cromwell’s Life Guard before casting lots, 221. 
 
 LINE OF PROTECTION ROUND GARRISONS, 
 
 beyond it all liable to be shot as enemies, and crops destroyed to starve the 
 Tories, 326, 327. 
 
 Shanganah and Loughlinstown beyond the line, and inhabitants to move in, 
 first sowing their crops, 327. 
 
 LOTS, 
 
 officers resolve that they had rather take a lot upon a barren mountain as 
 coming from the Lord, than a portion in the most fruitful valley upon 
 their own choice, 203. 
 casting lots for provinces, 203. 
 
 for counties, 207. 
 
 common soldiers cheated of their lots by their officers, 234. 
 
 soldier shown a bog as his lot, and loses the good land at the price of the 
 
 bog, 235- 
 
 September ist, 1655, the first and largest of the three great disbandings ; the 
 disbanded regiments march to the different counties, to cast lots upon the 
 spot for the order of their setting down, 215. 
 the officers and soldiers (September 5th, 1655) are all marched (that were dis¬ 
 banded) to their lots in the counties of Wexford, Limerick, Meath, and 
 Westmeath, 230. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 471 
 
 LOTS— continued. 
 
 “ to sit down in the enjoyment of their enemies’ fields and houses, which they 
 planted not, nor built not,” ib. 
 
 divers officers and soldiers refuse (September, 1655), to sit down upon their 
 lots, 231. 
 
 though offered a new suit of clothes to set up in, like gentlemen, ib. 
 and to keep some Irish till they can do without them, ib. 
 
 LOT AND STRING, 
 
 the setting down the soldiers by lot and string, practically the completion of 
 the work, though letters of possession were required, 199. 
 
 LOUGHREA COMMISSIONERS, 
 
 appointed instead of the Commissioners of Revenue of Precinct of Galway, 147. 
 their office was to assign to the transplanters lands competent for the live stock 
 they brought, 103, 104. 
 the rule for stock, 105. 
 
 to set out lands (in 1656) according to the Athlone Decrees, 158. 
 
 Sir Charles Coote’s Scheme, assigning certain baronies in Connaught to the in¬ 
 habitants removing from certain counties in the other provinces, 138. 
 
 LOUTH, DOWAGER LADY OF, 
 
 prays to be dispensed with from transplantation, for her “ great age and im- 
 potency,” in, 379. 
 
 LOUTH, COUNTY OF, 
 
 laid aside for a supply for the Adventurers in case of a deficiency in the ten 
 half counties, 242. 
 
 the officers claim it, insisting that the Adventurers are overpaid by the ten 
 half counties, ib. 
 
 Dr. Petty appointed to examine the Adventurers’ proceedings, ib. 
 
 LUTTREL, THOMAS, OF LUTTRELSTOWN, NEAR DUBLIN, 
 
 his wife dispensed for six weeks, for her great charge of children, and stock not 
 in a condition to drive, 108. 
 
 proves much good, but not “ Constant good affection,” ib. 
 turned out in 1649 for Lord Broghill, ib. 
 is transplanted, ib. 
 
 LUTTRELL, JOHN, 
 
 being transplanted from Luttrellstown, near Dublin, worth £2500 a year, his 
 four sisters are given ten pounds apiece and bidden like Irishwomen no fur¬ 
 ther to troubie the Council, 346. 
 
472 INDEX OE SUBJECTS. 
 
 MAD, 
 
 “ Mad Eustace,” of the county of Kildare, recovers his estate (in 1660), but not 
 his wits, 185. 
 
 Molly Hore, of Kilsallaghan, near Dublin, is driven mad at the order to trans¬ 
 plant, and hangs herself, 185. 
 
 MALLOW COMMISSION, 
 
 to try the claims and qualifications of the Ancient native inhabitants of Cork, 
 Kinsale, and Yoiighal, 164. 
 
 notwithstanding their loyalty to the English interest, they are turned out by 
 orders of the Earl of Inchiquin, in 1644, 167. 
 the Commissioners report to the Council that they had granted to none of the 
 Ancient inliabitants of Cork, Kinsale, or Youghal a decree of constant 
 good affection, 174. 
 
 their graphic account of the scene, 170. 
 
 the claimants declare they had rather go to Barbadoes than amongst the Irish 
 their enemies, in Connaught, 174. 
 
 MARCH LAW, 
 
 the mixture of English law and the Irish law of Kincogish, administered by 
 the barons of English descent dwelling beyond the Pale, 31. 
 
 MARRIAGE, 
 
 every feudal landlord claimed the right of marrying to whom he would his 
 tenant’s orphan heir, or heiress, 17. 
 
 an heiress once a king’s ward was always a ward, and must marry again, or 
 remain a widow, at his orders, 18. 
 people become burghers to have freedom of marriage, ib. 
 
 MARRIAGES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND IRISH, 
 
 any Englishman of the birth of Ireland taking an Irish girl for wife or mistress 
 to be (by Statute 40th Ed. III.), half strangled, disembowelled while yet 
 alive, and to undergo other horrors not to be mentioned with decency, 33. 
 caused the English planters of Queen Elizabeth’s day to have become Irish in 
 1641, 142. 
 
 “ the land is an unclean land,”—“ ye shall not therefoi'e give your sons to their 
 daughters, nor take their daughters to your sons” (Officers’ petition), 142. 
 the officers and soldiers of Ireton’s army take Irish wives even before peace 
 proclaimed, 233. 
 
 Major-General Ireton’s proclamation of 1 st May, 1651, against intermarriages 
 of English officers and soldiers with Irishwomen, 233, n. 
 the soldiers always pretend that the girls are converts to English I'eligion, 233, 
 Ireton orders that the girls pass an examination into the true state of their 
 hearts before a board of military saints, 233. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 473 
 
 MARRIAGES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND IRISH—coTi/mwd. 
 
 the board to ascertain whether the change be a real work of God upon the 
 heart, or (as is to be feared), for some carnal ends, 233, n. 
 taking an Irish girl to wife likened to going to bed to a naked crocodile, 261. 
 Commissioners of Revenue of the Precinct of Galway to inquire after inter¬ 
 marriages, 262, n. 
 
 W. Moreton, Clerk of Revenue Commissioners, dismissed his office by order of 
 Council of 14th July, 1654, for marrying an Irishwoman, ib. 
 
 “ the children of Oliver’s soldiers in Ireland, many of them (in 1697), their 
 fathers having married Irishwomen, cannot speak a word of Eng¬ 
 lish,” 266, n. 
 
 the children of King William’s soldiers in the same case, ib., ib. 
 
 Sir Jerome Alexander’s care by his will that his daughter should not marry any 
 Irish Lord, Archbishop, or Bishop, &c., nor any Knight, Squire, or 
 Gentleman born and bred in Ireland, or having his relations and means of 
 subsistence there, 265. 
 
 MASSACRE, THE SUPPOSED, OF 1641, 
 
 the guilty conscience of tlie English made them expect one, 59. 
 the Irish have ever lacked gall to supply a wholesome animosity against the 
 eternal enemies and revilers of their name and nation, 59. 
 proved false by contemporaneous English accounts, 61. 
 
 the report of the despoiled Ministers commissioned to inquire in December, 1641, 
 make no mention of it, ib. 
 
 some English massacred in 1642, by Sir Phelim O’Neil’s followers, in revenge, 
 for arson and massacre by English, 70, and n., ib. 
 
 English massacre the Irish, and do not spare infants, 58. 
 story, how and why invented, and why kept up, 65. 
 
 in one day eighty Irishwomen, some with infants at the breast, cast by order 
 of the Scottish Parliament over a high bridge, according to treaty with 
 the Parliament of England, 68. 
 
 Mayo set out for English arrears, 163, 189. 
 to be all planted with Protestants, 189. 
 
 MID WIVES, IRISH, 
 
 malicious calumnies of the English (1651) against the poor Irish midwives, 
 281. 
 
 au English one Imported, and all officers, civil and military, ordered to be aid¬ 
 ing her in the performance of her duty, ib. 
 
 ‘‘MILE LINE, THE,” 
 
 a belt of land four miles wide (afterwards reduced to one), winging along the 
 sea coast of Connaught and Shannon, loi, 149. 
 
474 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 “ MINOOTH, THE PARDON OF,” 
 origin of the term, 189, n. 
 
 MURCOT, JOHN, 
 
 “ renders himself ridiculous to the wicked at Chester,” comes to Dublin, and 
 “ obtains a great flock of admirers, especially women and children,” 131. 
 
 MURDER, 
 
 killing by law (which is the will of the strongest) no murder, 67. 
 
 English, being the strongest, make killing the Irish no murder, ib., and 21. 
 
 MURDERS, 
 
 by the English of their French landlords, 6. 
 fines imposed on district for, ib. 
 
 of Cromwellian settlers frequent (A. D. 1654), even though dwelling in strong 
 castles, 348. 
 
 the Lackagh murder, Co. Kildare, 22nd October, 1655, 338. 
 all the inhabitants transported for it, to the Barbadoes, ib. 
 including H. Fitzgerald, Esq., and his wife, near eighty years of age, ib. 
 Irish charged with, to defeat their suits in Court of Claims, 68. 
 none, for Captain Swanley, to drown seventy of the King's Irish soldiers, 67. 
 nor Colonel Mytton to do the like, ib. 
 
 English in arms, killed by Irish, are called murdered, 68. 
 a whole regiment thus made guilty of murder, 68. 
 
 for murders by Tories, four Papists of the neighbourhood to be seized and 
 transported, unless the murderers made amenable in 28 days, 338. 
 
 MYTTON, COLONEL, 
 
 ties the King’s Irish soldiers back to back, and drowns them, 67. 
 but this no murder, 67. 
 
 NAKED, 
 
 ladies of the highest rank slept so, 260. 
 
 anecdote of the Irish girl opening the door to a young police ofiicer and his men 
 with a white plate held before her, like the Venus de Medicis, ib. 
 Englishman to marry an Irish girl likened to going to bed to a naked 
 crocodile, 261. 
 
 NAPOLEON CODE, 
 
 the blessings of it, with its abolition of primogeniture and entail, and equal 
 partibility of landed inheritances, 4. 
 
 NITS (IRISH INFANTS), 
 
 killed that they should not grow lice, 58. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 475 
 
 O’CONNOR FAILEY’S COUNTRY, 
 
 called by the Irish “the Door of the Pale,” and O’Connors “ their key,” 246. 
 
 O’DERRICK, DONAGH, 
 
 who slew 8 of Petty’s English surveyors, reward for his head, 337. 
 
 OFFICERS OF CROMWELL’S ARMY, 
 suggest that arrears be paid in land, 187. 
 some dissatisfied, 231. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Scott arrested for agitating the disbanded companies sitting down 
 in the county of Wexford, by treasonable words against His Highness, ib. 
 in January, 1652, propose that they be set down together with the Adventurers, 
 and have lands for their arrears, 85. 
 
 and at “the Act,” or Adventurers’ rates, because of the difficulty and cost of 
 surveying, ib. 
 
 the lauds being waste, the inhabitants destroyed, and none to give evidence of 
 value, 86. 
 
 their attempts to take advantage of one another in the setting out of the 
 lots, 235. 
 
 Colonel Warden seeks to leave out all the coarse land in his lot, and encroach 
 on the good land in Quartermaster Farr’s lot, 236. 
 
 Colonel Le Hunte seeks to appropriate 1500 acres in Liberties of Wexford 
 applicable to Major Sam. Shepherd’s company, ib. 
 list of those set down in different baronies in Leinster, Ulster, and Mun¬ 
 ster, 216, 220. 
 
 kinder masters than the Adventurers, 259. 
 
 were six years settled in Ireland before the Adventurers came over, 259. 
 captivated by Irishwomen, they take them to wife, even before peace pro¬ 
 claimed, 260. 
 
 Ireton’s order in i6ji against intermarriages, 261, 233. 
 
 suggestion in 1652 that officers marrying Irish girls should lose their 
 commands, 261. 
 why abandoned, ib. 
 
 planted in a wasted country, with no women butTrish, they must love them as 
 necessarily as a geometrical conclusion follows from the premises, 261. 
 their patriotism not proof against the imperious demands of love, 261. 
 
 O’FARRELS OF LONGFORD, 
 
 two of them taken from their deathbeds to have abroad the sight of the hills 
 and fields they lost in that plantation, 47. 
 
 OWLES, THE, 
 
 part of Murrisk and Burrishool baronies in Co. Mayo, so called, 105. 
 
47<5 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 OWLES, TWTS.—continued. 
 
 the Irish name is Umhal ioghtragh and Umhal uaghtragh (lower and upper 
 Umhal), ib. 
 
 pronounced “ Owles,” ib. 
 
 O’HANLON, REDMOND, 
 
 history of this Tory, the Irish Scanderbeg, 352, 355. 
 
 O’KEEFFE, DANIEL, 
 
 a distinguished outlaw and Tory of the county of Cork, kills his mistress, who 
 attempted to betray him, 353, n. 
 
 O’NEIL, SIR PHELIM, 
 
 rises in rebellion in the King’s interest, 55. 
 
 learns that a royal plot is on foot through the Duchess of Buckingham, 9, n. 
 anticipates the design to show superior zeal, 54. 
 
 O’NEIL, PHILIP, 
 
 his house and lands in Co. Tipperary fall to Mr. Pitts, Adventurer, from 
 Devonshire, 258. 
 
 he is driven with wife and children to Connaught, ib. 
 his probable respect for English law, ib. 
 
 PAGANS, 
 
 if the Irish had only continued honest Pagans, Ireland had perhaps been owned 
 by Irishmen now, 9. 
 
 regarded the interpretation of signs and omens as the voice of the Church, 9, n. 
 the wise and brave ones disregarded signs and omens and their interpretation 
 where the cause of their country was concerned, 9, n. 
 
 “ Without a sign his sword the brave man draws, 
 
 And asks no omen but his country’s cause,” 9, n. 
 
 PACe, THE ENGLISH, 
 
 closed against attacks from O’Connor’s Country by the four castles of Kinnefad, 
 Castlejordan, Ballinure, and Kishavann (A. D. 1520), 246. 
 the burning of, by Ormond and Sir Simon Harcourt, in 1642, 57. 
 PARLIAMENT, 
 
 Convocation, or anti-Parliament of old English, at Kilkenny (A. D. 1314), to 
 defend their lands from a packed Parliament of new English at Dub¬ 
 lin, 286. 
 
 same (A. D. 1642, 1650), at Kilkenny, 287. 
 
 PENAL LAWS, 
 
 forbade property in land to the Irish, Preface, 
 because influence follows property, ib. 
 heir estates made to crumble to pieces. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 in 
 
 PETTY, DR. WILLIAM, 
 
 employed by the Army and State to survey the lands, 204. 
 joins Colonel Thomlinson in a solemn seeking of God for a blessing on the Down 
 Survey, 204. 
 
 “ individually” is a freethinker, 205. 
 
 “ indifferent to the wrangles and jangles of the churches,” 207. 
 considers sects to be maggots in the guts of a Commonwealth, 205. 
 considers the gathering of churches to be the listing of soldiers, 205. 
 charged with fraud in obtaining satisfaction in the Liberties of Limerick, 207. 
 appointed to examine into Adventurers’ proceedings insetting out their lands, 243. 
 his mode of compensating deficient Adventurers, ib. 
 
 forms two parallel lists of deficient and redundant baronies, the first deficient to 
 be repaid out of the first redundant, 244. 
 
 PHYSICIANS, IRISH, 
 
 the English, according to their national custom of reviling other nations (i. e. 
 weak ones), vent their calumnies (A. D. 1650) against the Irish physicians, 
 279. 
 
 yet obliged to testify to their great skill and fidelity, 278, 279. 
 
 Dr. Richard Madden, of Waterford, and Dr. Anthony Mulshinogue, of Cork, 
 279. 
 
 the latter to remain near, not in, the city of Cork, for his ability, ib. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Arthur, of Limerick, administers to Colonel Ingoldsby and the 
 Cromwellian officers, and does not poison one of them, 279. 
 as a reward is ordered a house in Connaught on the Mile Line, 2S0. 
 
 PLANTATION, 
 
 of the King’s County, 45. 
 
 of Wexford, 14 ; and 500 people evicted, 45. 
 
 of Longford, 46. 
 
 PLANTATION, THE NEW, OF IRELAND, 
 
 proposal that Ireland be formed into three separate Plantations or Pales—an 
 Irish, an English, and a Mixed, 245. 
 
 a pure Irish Plantation or Pale in Connaught, a pure English within the line of 
 the Boyne and the Barrow, and a Mixed in the intermediate and central 
 parts of Ireland, suggested, 245. 
 
 Connaught selected for a pure Irish Plantation or Pale as being an island all 
 but ten miles, 246. 
 
 a pure English Plantation or Pale proposed within the line of the Rivers Bar- 
 row and Boyne, 246. 
 
478 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 PLANTATION, THE NEW, OF IRELAND—conhnued, 
 
 whose head waters rise within five miles of each other, and the whole easily 
 made into one line, ib. 
 similar project in Richard II.’s day, 247. 
 in Henry VIII.’s time, ib. 
 
 in the mixed Plantation, lying between the pure Irish and English Plantations 
 or Pales, the Irish to give up their names of Teig or Derraot, to speak 
 no Irish, to send their children to learn English religion, to build chim¬ 
 neys, 247. 
 
 PLOT, “THE PHANATICK,” 
 
 in 1663 the Cromwellian officers conspire to overthrow the Government, be¬ 
 cause of the proceedings of the Court of Claims, 211. 
 and lands in barony of Lower Ormond, and county of Tipperary, described 
 (A. D. 1669), as “lately the Debenter of Lieut.-Colonel William Moore, 
 who had a deep hand'in the Plot (of 1663), and is fled for the same,” 197. 
 
 PLUNKET, ROBERT, 
 
 dispensed with from Transplantation, as his safety would be risked in Con¬ 
 naught, as he was an informer, 40. 
 
 POETRY QUOTED, 
 
 “ Archdekin, Archer, Cowley, Langton, Shee,” 286. 
 
 “And, I believe, nothing has drawn a curse,” 195. 
 
 “ Brave Sir Charles Coote I honour,” 58. 
 
 “ But let’s see how. The gallant soldiers are rewarded now,” 263. 
 
 “ Dear head of my darling, how gory and pale,” 355. 
 
 “ Find out the man, quoth Pluto,” 318. 
 
 “ For though outnumbered, overthrown,” 357. 
 
 “ From Gloucester siege, till arms laid down,” 196, n. 
 
 “ From ladies down to oyster wenches,” 274. 
 
 “ Here in the saddle of one steed,” 78. 
 
 “ Ho ! brother Teige, what is your story?” 350. 
 
 “No more shall mine ear drink,” 353, n. 
 
 “ Scathelock stood full styll and lough,” 348. 
 
 “ That such a worthy man as he,” 339. 
 
 “Then let us hence, Miletus dear,’’ 2, n. 
 
 “ Then Robin pulled out an Irish knife,” 6. 
 
 “ These beautiful sports that graced the happy scene,” 13, n. 
 
 “ This caused the ’Forty-nine for to suspect,” 195. 
 
 “ To see what games they can devise,” 232. 
 
 “ We know from good experience,” 260. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 479 
 
 POETRY— continued. 
 
 “With Voarneen glagal and Agramacree,” 264. 
 
 “ Without a sign, his sword the brave man draws,” 9, n. 
 
 “ Yet pri’thee where are Csesars bands,’’ 197, n. 
 
 POWER, JOHN, LORD BARON OF CURRAGHMORE, 
 
 dispensed with from Transplantation, because “for twenty years last past dis¬ 
 tracted and destitute of all judgment,” in. 
 
 PREY MONEYS {see Kincogus). 
 
 PRIESTS, 
 
 the English come into Ireland recommended by the Pope and the Irish Bishops, 
 
 = 8 . 
 
 Spenser’s admiration at the zeal of the Irish priests in Queen Elizabeth’s reign, 
 coming from Rome and Eheims to run the risk of death, only to bring the 
 people to the Church of Rome, 313. 
 
 Pym boasted they would not leave a priest in Ireland, 312. 
 both Houses of Parliament (nth December, 1641) declare they will suffer no 
 toleration of the Roman Catholic religion, 311. 
 in 1650 to harbour them was death, 312. 
 
 Barnaby Ryche’s description of Sir Tady Mac Marr-all, a priest in the streets 
 of Waterford (1611), in ruffling apparel, with gilt rapier and dagger, for 
 disguise, 314. 
 
 dress themselves as gentlemen, soldiers, carters, &c., for concealment, 316. 
 occasionally discovered by the hastening of pregnant women to them out of the 
 Protestant parts of Ireland, 314. 
 
 Connor O’Dovan, Bishop of Down, thus tracked and taken (16ri), ib. 
 reward for discovering a priest (1650), if eminent, £20, 312, n. 
 harbouring a priest, a monk, or a nun, death, and forfeiture of estate, 312, n. 
 conceal themselves to avoid arrest, and get the Irish officers, in 1650, 1653, 
 shipping their troops to Spain, to apply for liberty to transport them 
 thither with their men, 312. 
 
 Father Nugent becomes gardener to Colonel Lawrence, Governor of Waterford, 
 316. 
 
 pretends to be of his confraternity, the Anabaptists, ib. 
 
 Father Ford dwells in an island in a bog with scholars round him, in huts, 316. 
 Nicholas French, Bishop of Ferns, escapes from the massacre of Wexford to 
 the mountains, and sleeps often on the ground in frost, 315. 
 
 Roger Beggs, priest, after nine months in prison, is allowed (1654) to transport 
 himself to Spain, 321. 
 
 Five pounds to Captain Thomas Shepherd for taking a priest with his appur¬ 
 tenances (1653), in the house of Owen Birne, Cool-ne-Kishin, near Old 
 Leighlin, 322. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 480 
 
 PRIESTS— continued. 
 
 twenty-flv'e pounds to Lieutenant Wood for five priests by him apprehended 
 (1658), in the county of Cavan, 320. 
 
 ten pounds to two soldiers of Colonel Leigh’s company, for two priests by 
 them taken (1657), and lodged in Waterford gaol, 321. 
 
 five pounds (1657), to three of Colonel Abbot’s Dragoons, for arrest of Donogh 
 Hegarty, priest, and lodging him in Clonmel gaol, 320. 
 
 ditto to three others for bringing one Edmund Dunn, priest, before Chief Jus¬ 
 tice Pepys, ib. 
 
 gentlemen of the Tuites and Barnewalls maintain the Castle of Baltrasna, 
 Co. Meath (1653), in defence of a priest come thither to say mass, 322. 
 
 general arrest of, in 1655 ; gaols full; all sent to Carrickfergus gaol for trans¬ 
 portation to Barbadoes, 323. 
 
 W. Sheil, priest, old, lame, and weak, not able to travel without crutches ; 
 allowed (1651) to reside in Connaught, where the Governor of Athlone 
 shall direct, 321. 
 
 of the many priests waiting in Carrickfergus gaol (1656), to be transported to 
 Barbadoes, some offer to renounce the Pope, and to frequent Protestant 
 meetings, 324. 
 
 Spain, their place of transportation at first, 321, 322. 
 
 Barbadoes next, 323. 
 
 Isles of Arran, in Bay of Galway, last, 324. 
 
 though banned by the English rulers of Ireland (1660, 1690), cosher, i. e. are 
 supported by the poor Irish farmers, 351. 
 
 according to Primate Boulter’s return to the House of Lords (1732), priests 
 celebrate mass in huts, old forts, and at moveable altars in the fields, 
 
 3251 n. 
 
 English traveller (1746) sees one saying mass under a tree, ib., ib. 
 
 PRIESTS, WOLVES, AND TORIES, 
 
 “ the three burdensome beasts,” on whose heads were laid rewards, 308. 
 
 RAPPAREES, 
 
 their hideous ferocity [to the English] who are appalled at their remaining 
 [A. D. 1688] untameable by them for so many ages since (what is called) 
 British civilization was planted amongst them, 356. 
 
 RATS, THE STINKING IRISH, 
 
 England relieved (A. D. 1850-1863), by the Irish flying to America, as a ship 
 freed from a plague of stinking rats, 341. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 481 
 
 RATES OF LAND, 
 
 by the Acts of Subscription, called the Act Rates, 1000 acres plantation 
 measure (equal to 1600 English measure), in Leinster for £600, adven¬ 
 ture or arrears; in Munster, for £450, ditto; in Ulster, for £300, 
 ditto, 187. 
 
 set upon the several counties in Leinster, Munster, and Ulster, by the army, 
 2 > 3 - 
 
 of certain baronies in Leinster and Munster, 216-220. 
 
 set by the ofBcers of a troop or company, on the several seats, estates, and 
 holdings within the lot of the troop or company, 212, 220. 
 
 REAPE-HOOKS AND RUBSTONES, 
 
 implements of war (with the Bible) amongst the English forces in Ireland, 78, n. 
 
 REBELLION OF 23RD OCTOBER, 1641, 
 
 preceded, not by 40 years of peace and happiness, but of misery, 49—51. 
 breaks out under Sir Phelim O’Neil in Ulster, 55. 
 terror of the planters, 56. 
 
 no cock heard to crow, nor dog to bark, for the first three nights, ib. 
 
 RECUSANTS, 
 
 fined in January, 1616, for “refusing” to attend the Protestant service, 51. 
 fines in county of Cavan alone amounted to £8000 in 1616, ib., n. 
 penalties on obstinate juries for refusing to “present’’ their co-religionists for 
 fines in one term in 1616 amounted to £16,000, ib. 
 
 RELIGION, 
 
 provincials always more stupidly religious than people at head-quarters, 141. 
 
 REYNOLDS, SIR JOHN, 
 
 he and the Lord Henry Cromwell marry daughters of Sir Francis Russell, of 
 Chippenham, in Cambridgeshire, 198, n. 
 being drowned at sea, his debenture lands considered personalty, for want of 
 certificate of possession, ib. 
 
 RICHARDS, COLONEL SOLOMON, 
 
 prosecutes Captain Williamson for suspicion of fornication committed with a 
 woman of the county of Tipperary during his time of service there, 
 
 233. n- 
 
 ROCHE, JORDAN, 
 
 his three daughters reduced from a landed estate of £2000 a year to nothing 
 to live on but what they could earn by their needles and washing and 
 wringing, 339. 
 
 2 1 
 
482 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 ROCHE (OF FERMOY), MAURICE, VISCOUNT, 
 
 his grandfather had three sons slain in Tyrone’s wars, fighting for the Queen, 
 182. 
 
 “ But what if the Spaniards come?” “ Then trust not me, nor Lord Barry, or 
 Roche,” 183. 
 
 his wife unjustly hanged for murder, ib. 
 
 Colonel Widnam, one of the Munster revolters, gets Castletown Roche, 193. 
 his (Lord Roche’s') petition (18th March, 1661), 362. 
 has to travel to The Owles on foot, 184. 
 one of his four daughters dies of want, ib. 
 
 SALLEE ROVERS, 
 
 originate amongst the Moors expelled from Andalusia in 1610, in hatred of the 
 injustice of the Christians, 357. 
 
 Nicholas Langton, of Kilkenny, captured and enslaved by, 289. 
 
 SANKEY, SIR HIEROME, 
 
 charges Dr. Petty with withdrawing the Liberties of Limerick from the 
 oflScers, 237. 
 
 his unhandsome dealings with his soldiers in the matter of Lismalin Park (late 
 Lord Ikerrin’s), 182. 
 
 SATISFACTION, ACT OF, OF 26 th SEPTEMBER, 1653, 
 its chief provisions and general scope, 93-95. 
 
 “SATURDAY REVIEW,” THE, 
 
 on the exodus as of “ demons of assassination and murder,” 59, n. 
 
 SAXONS, 
 
 the Ijand hunger, peculiar to their race, 5. 
 
 pen up the relics of the Britons behind the Severn, ib. 
 
 as their descendants did the Irish behind the Shannon, ib. 
 
 SCOTCH, THE, 
 
 the Puritan leaders invite the Scotch rebels to invade England, 51. 
 the first of the three nations to rebel, ib. 
 
 the rebel army of Scotch stand by on English soil to see Strafford executed, 53. 
 massacre of Irishwomen by the Scotch forces at Newry, 69. 
 a free-born people, unlike the slavish English, and won with courtesies, 136. 
 basely sell their native king, who fled to them for protection, for £30,000, to 
 his murderers, 138. 
 
 SECTS, 
 
 “maggots,” in Dr. Petty’s opinion, “in the guts of the Commonwealth,” and 
 “ the gathering of churches the listing of soldiers,” 205. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 483 
 
 SETTLEMENT, 
 
 meaning of the term, Preface. 
 
 Cromwellian, Restoration, and Revolution Settlements explained, ib. 
 the Cromwellian Settlement the foundation of the present Landed Settlement, 
 ib. 
 
 Act of Settlement of 1662 unintelligible without a knowledge of the Crom¬ 
 wellian Acts of Settlement and Confiscation, ib. 
 
 SETTLEMENT OF ULSTER, 
 
 King James I. attempts to introduce the Feudal system, 42. 
 promises (1607) each man his land, 43. 
 next year confiscates all, ib. 
 details of the Settlement, 44, 45. 
 
 SHERLOCK, SIR THOMAS, 
 
 turned out of his castle of Butlerstown, near Waterford, by the Irish (Easter, 
 1642), for refusing to join them, 275. 
 
 left standing in a red cap and green mantle in slippers, he and his wife and 
 children being stript of all, ib. 
 flies to Dublin by night in a bare suit and mantle, ib. 
 is ordered (in 1647) to quit Dublin, being a Papist, ib. 
 
 though pitied by Cromwell, and protected by Charles 11 . at Restoration, dies 
 broken-hearted, and is buried as a pauper, ib. 
 
 SLIGO, THE TOWN OF, 
 
 proposals in 1655 for planting it with families from New England, 120. 
 
 Oyster Island and Coney Island, adjacent to, reserved for their use, 249. 
 
 SOLDIERS, IRISH, 
 
 Prince of Orange declared the Irish were born soldiers, 87. 
 
 Sir John Norris, a General of Queen Elizabeth’s, and who had served in many 
 armies and countries, was wont to say, tliat there were fewer fools and 
 cowards there than in any other kingdom, 87. 
 
 SOLDIERS OF CROMWELL’S ARMY— (See also Debentures). 
 in 1646, mutinous at being ordered to Ireland, 227. 
 
 “ Fairfax, and Cromwell, and we all go,” ib. 
 
 “ If Old Noll CDecember, 1648), or any man of gallantry accept of the bri¬ 
 gade, he cannot want men or money,” ib. 
 not so anxious to be paid their arrears in land as the officers, 230. 
 it was with the officers that the scheme originated, 231. 
 cheated by their officers, 234. 
 
 in 1649, fourteen regiments, after a solemn seeking of God by prayer, try which 
 should go to Ireland by lots drawn from a hat by a child, 227. 
 
 2 I 2 
 
484 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 SOLDIERS OF CROMWELL’S ARMY— 
 
 set down (in September, 1655), in their enemies’ fields that they planted not, 
 and houses they builded not, 230. 
 
 Fleetwood gives them his blessing, 229. 
 
 prays that they be kept from the sins for which the Irish lost their lands to 
 them, 224. 
 
 found in Ireland no beer, no cheese; had no ploughs, nor horses, nor money 
 to buy them, which renders them loth to become planters, 231. 
 for any amours with Irish girls, they are severely flogged, 232. 
 sentences of courts martial on different soldiers for fornication, ib., n. 
 if, after being disbanded, they married any of these attractive but “idolatrous’’ 
 daughters of Erin, they must march after them to Connaught, 234. 
 are forbidden to take Irish girls to wife, even though they be “ converts,” un¬ 
 less the girls pass an examination before a board of military saints into 
 the state of their hearts, to try if their conversion be a real work of God 
 upon their hearts, or that they only so pretend (as is to be feared) for carnal 
 ends, 233. 
 
 taking Irish girls to wife are to be reduced—if dragoons, to foot soldiers; if 
 foot soldiers, to pioneers, without hope in either case of pro.'notion, 233. 
 whole troops and companies assign their debentures to their officers, 222. 
 deed of assignment of their debentures by 36 soldiers of Colonel Daniel Axtell’s 
 regiment to Arnold Thomas, their ensign, 222, n. 
 the many traditionary stories in Ireland, like that of “ The white horse of the 
 Peppers,” that such and such an estate was given for a white horse, are 
 founded on fact, and are sometimes probably true, 235. 
 lines in “The Moderate Cavalier,” describing how they “were, by tlieir com¬ 
 manders, choused of their land and packed away to Flanders,” &c., 262. 
 
 SPAIN, 
 
 instead of 40,000 Irish transported thither, “ we could wish the whole nation 
 there,” Sg. 
 
 SPENSER, EDMUND, 
 
 Secretary to Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 75. 
 approved of his mode of war, which reduced the Irish to eat dead corpses out 
 of the graves, 76. 
 
 recommends this warfare to Lord Essex, ib. 
 is hated by the Irish for his deadly enmity to them, 116. 
 his castle (confiscated from the Fitzgeralds) burned, with his infant son, 117. 
 driven out, and dies in darkness in lodgings in London, ib. 
 was for transplanting the Irish, and his grandson is now ordered to transplant 
 as “ Irish,” 117. 
 
 his petition against being transplanted, ib., n. 
 
IKDKX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 485 
 
 STRAFFORD, EARL OF, 
 
 his confiscation of Connaught was with a view to a noble English Plantation 
 there, 48. 
 
 intends to take one-half of the lands of the Old English, ib. 
 proposes to line the Old English “ thoroughly” with Protestants, ib. 
 
 STRINGS OF CONTIGUITY, 
 
 land arranged in a fixed sequence, called a file or string of contiguity, and the 
 sequence of setting down ascertained by lot, 208. 
 omitted by the Adventurers, but supplied in the re-survey of their lands by Dr. 
 . Petty, 244. 
 
 “ of Ensign Thomas’s lot” (properly of Col. Stephens’s Regiment), 208, n. 
 
 SURVEY, THE CIVIL, 
 
 was the report of commissioners upon evidence taken in the country of the 
 quantity and value of the lauds forfeited or in the disposal of the Govern¬ 
 ment, 201. 
 
 specimen of, to be found printed in “ Desiderata Curiosa Hibernica” (vol. ii., 
 203). 
 
 SURVEY, LORD STRAFFORD’S, OF CONNAUGHT, 
 
 maps made by his order in 1637, when an English Plantation was intended 
 there, 204. 
 
 enabled the Government, in 1654, to set down the transplanted more easily, ib. 
 
 SURVEY, THE DOWN, 
 
 articles of agreement for, with Dr. W. Petty, signed on nth December, 1654, 
 after a solemn seeking of God by Col. Thomliuson for a blessing upon con¬ 
 clusion of so great a business, 204. 
 
 eight English surveyors of, seized by “Blind Donogh,” the Tory, and carried 
 into the woods, and tried by him, and executed as accessories to a gigantic 
 robber}', 206. 
 
 SWANLEY, CAPTAIN, 
 
 made trial if an Irish cavalier could swim without hands, 67. 
 
 ties seventy of the King’s Irish soldiers back to back, and drowns them, 67. 
 
 but this is no murder, ib. 
 
 makes those who would not take the covenant take the water with their head 
 downward, 67. 
 
 SWORDMEN, 
 
 departure of 40,000, 86. 
 for King of Spain, 87. 
 for King of Poland, ib. 
 for Prince de Conde, ib. 
 
486 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 “SAVORDMEN AND PROPRIETORS” 
 to transplant, 
 
 who “ swordinen,” loi, 130. 
 who “ proprietors,” 130, 
 
 TALBOT, JOHN, OF MAL 4 HIDE CASTLE, 
 
 ancestor of Lord Talbot de Malahide, turned out for Chief Baron Corbet, and 
 transplanted, 108. 
 
 gets liberty to return to Leinster to make sale of his crop, on condition to re¬ 
 turn to Connaught, ib. 
 
 TALBOT, THE LADY MARGARET, 
 
 ” being an Englishwoman,” obtains an order from the Council for additional 
 lands in Connaught, and is given £20 to enable her to return to her hus¬ 
 band and children there, 67. 
 
 TIIURLES, VISCOUNTESS, 
 
 the mother of the Earl of Ormond, thrust out of her dower lands by the Adven¬ 
 turers, as being an Irish Papist, 254. 
 ordered to transplant to Connaught, ib. 
 
 establishes much good affection, but fails to prove Constant good affection to 
 the Parliament of England, ib. 
 
 notwithstanding that she was an Englishwoman, and gave relief and shelter 
 to Major Peisley and his officers and men, ib. 
 
 TILLAGE, 
 
 officers and soldiers encouraged to till round their posts because of scarcity in 
 165 I, 80. 
 
 Irish promised their crop if they will come down from the mountains, and till 
 in 1651, ib. 
 
 “TIMES” THE, 
 
 on the flight of the stinking Irish rats, 341. 
 
 on the Irish being a race with an innate taste for conspiracy and man¬ 
 slaughter, 59, n. 
 
 TIMOLIN, COUNTY OF KILDARE, 
 
 sad case of a republican soldier and his son murdered there by bloodthirsty 
 Tories while repairing for themselves the deserted house of some trans¬ 
 planted gentleman, 337. 
 
 TIPPERARY, COUNTY OF, 
 
 “ man of, has a heart as big as a bull’s, and to foes as fierce; but to woman or 
 friend, tender as a thrush’s,” i, n. 
 hurling in, in 1778, 12. 
 some fair girl, the prize of the winner, ib. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 487 
 
 TIPPERARY, COUXTY OF— continued. 
 
 left desolate by the Transplantation, and four fit and knowing persons of the 
 Irish nation sent back to show the bounds of estates to Dr. Petty’s sur¬ 
 veyors, 202, n. 
 
 TORIES, PRIESTS, AND WOLVES, 
 
 “ the three burdensome beasts, on whose heads wee lay rewards,” 308. 
 
 TORIES, 
 
 bands of men who retired to the wilds rather than transplant, and, headed by 
 some dispossessed gentlemen, attacked the Cromwellian planters, 340. 
 the term Tory first used in a Proclamation by Ormonde, dated 25th Sept., 
 1650, 333, n. 
 only rob the robbers, 333. 
 
 the plunderers lead the plundered to the gallows, ib. 
 
 murder of eight English surveyors of the Down Survey by Blind Donogh 
 206. 
 
 Captain Adam Loftus receives £20(1657), for taking Daniel Kennedy, an 
 Irish Tory, whose head is set up on Carlow Castle, 343. 
 kindred of Tories in a barony bound to repair losses of English by the Tories, 
 under the law of Kincogish, 334. 
 
 if the kindred were too poor, or undiscoverable, then all the Irish of the barony, 
 or of any barony through which the robbers passed, 335. 
 arms and ammunition occasionally intrusted to Irishmen to hunt and kill 
 Tories, 345. 
 
 may have often shot innocent Irish, but they could not shoot amiss so as they 
 shot somebody, and no great loss if somebody shot them, ib. 
 twenty Irish employed (1659), with guns and ammunition, into the counties of 
 Carlow and Kilkenny for three months to kill Tories, 345. 
 
 Major Charles Kavenagh (1656) dispensed from Transplantation, and placed 
 with thirteen chosen Irish in a ruined castle in the county of Carlow to 
 kill Tories, 345. 
 
 murders by, at Lackagh, in county of Kildare, 338. 
 at Timolin, in same county, 337. 
 
 Lieutenant Francis Rowlestone receives £6 13s. 4^., for killing Lieutenant 
 Henry Archer, a chief or leading Tory, whose head is brought to Kil¬ 
 kenny, 343. 
 
 rewards (in 1655), for the heads of Donuogh O'Derrick, called “Blind Don- 
 nogh,” £301 of Dermot Ryan, £20; of James Leigh, £5; of Laughlin 
 Kelly, £5, 337. 
 
 Lieutenant Francis Rowlestone employed to deal with Gerald Kinshelagh, “a 
 leading Tory,” to murder his fellow-Tories, 345. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 488 
 
 TORIES —cont inucd. 
 
 dispossessed Irish gentlemen dwelling in the woods, wilds, and bogs, and 
 supporting themselves (A. D. 1660-1710) by torying and “coshering” 
 on their tenants and followers, 350. 
 
 Col. Peer, in Munster; Col. Goughian, in Leinster; and Redmond O’Hanlon, 
 in Ulster, distinguished Tories (1660-80), 352. 
 any Tory murdering two brother Tories, entitled (by 7 Will. 3, c. 21) to his 
 own pardon, 349. 
 
 this law only expired A. D. 1776, 351. 
 
 Ballad about Tory hunting, beginning—“ Ho ! brother Teig, what is your 
 story ?” 350. 
 
 where murder committed by Tories, and the criminals not found, four Irish 
 Papists of the neighbourhood to be seized, imprisoned, and if the culprits 
 not made amenable in twenty-eight days, to be transported, 338. 
 
 TOWNS, 
 
 of Ireland built by Danes and English, 50, 272. 
 
 Irish originally forbidden to inhabit them, 30, 285. 
 called by Sir Henry Sidney “ the Queen’s unpaid garrisons,’’ ib. 
 all towns in Ireland ordered to be cleared of Irish, 272, 284. 
 the Old English of, remain faithful to England, in Dublin, Drogheda, Cork, 
 Kinsale, and Youghal, 273. 
 
 all habitations of the Irish destroyed within a circle of two miles of any town 
 (April, 1651), and residence there, death, 276. 
 clearing of Kilkenny, 285. 
 
 of Waterford, 295. 
 of Galway, 302. 
 
 the officers connive at the stay of many of the trading inhabitants for their 
 utility, 277, 278. 
 
 Colonel Sadleir, being engaged in clearing Wexford in 1654, according to the 
 Proclamation, desires to know How many packers and gillers of herrings 
 are to be allowed to stay P How many coopers ? What shall be done 
 with Irishwomen married to English? 119. 
 
 Proclamation for clearing the towns of Irish, sent by the Council to England 
 as an encouragement to the English to come over, 284. 
 general arrest (31st December, 1656) of all transplantables in towns, in order 
 to their being tried and transported, ib. 
 shipping for them secured at Galway to carry them to Barbadoes, 145. 
 the Irish being driven out, some of the towns in 1644 fall into ruins, 283. 
 
 3000 good houses in Cork, and as many in Youghal, for want of inhabitants, 
 fall down (1647), ib. 
 
 wolves hunted (1652) in the suburbs of Dublin, 284. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 489 
 
 TOWNS, SEAPORT, 
 
 Limerick, with 12,000 acres, offered for sale 14th July, 1643, by the Parliament 
 to English and foreign merchants, for £30,000 fine, and a rent of £625 ; 
 Waterford, with 1500 acres, at same fine and rent; Galway, with 10,000 
 acres, for £7300 fine, and £520 rent; Wexford, with 6000 acres, for 
 £5000 fine, and £156 4s. ^d. rent, 272. 
 of Limerick, Waterford, Galway, and Wexford offered for sale by the Parliament 
 of England to English and foreign Protestant merchants on 14th July, 
 1643, while still in possession of the Irish, 272. 
 
 TRANSPLANTATION, 
 
 proclaimed by sound of trumpet and “ beate of drum,” 96. 
 the nobility and gentry especially required to transplant, 98. 
 the common people spared, and why, ib. 
 
 husbandmen and labourers not possessed of ten pounds’ value excepted from, 
 96, n. 
 
 in order that the transplanted nobility and gentry, without them, shall become 
 peasants, or starve, 98. 
 
 order of 15th October, 1653, for beads of families to proceed to Connaught to 
 prepare huts for their wives and children, 104. 
 
 TRANSPLANTERS’ CERTIFICATES, 
 
 to describe their families, friends, and tenants who intend to bear them com¬ 
 pany to Connaught, 104. 
 their stock and crop in ground, ib. 
 
 remonstrances of the inhabitants of Ireland against being transplanted, 106. 
 
 the petitioners are the highest in the land, ib. 
 
 the Irish ordered to transplant in the winter time, 102. 
 
 the nation, panic-struck, are about to abandon the tillage of the land, ib. 
 
 fourteen certificates given in the Appendix, 308-376. 
 
 “hard work to put in practice, whatever you in England may imagine,’’ 118. 
 asked How many gillers and packers of herrings may stay in Wexford, 119. 
 
 “ whether men marrying transplantable widows are themselves transplant¬ 
 able ?” 120. 
 answered, 130. 
 
 TRANSPLANTATION, DIFFICULTY OF, 
 
 Commissioners of the Parliament of England in Ireland feel they have not 
 strength nor wisdom for so great a work, 103. 
 
 “ the children are now come to the birth, but there is no strength to bring 
 forth,” ib. 
 
490 
 
 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 TRANSPLANTATION, DIFFICULTY OY—continued. 
 
 because of difficulty of, officers of the army are to lift up prayers with strong 
 crying and tears to Him to whom nothing is too hard, that His servants, 
 whom He has called forth in this day to act in these great transactions, 
 might be carried on by His own outstretched arm, ib. 
 
 TRANSPLANTERS, 
 
 “ The men gone to prepare new habitations in Connaught (Dee., 1654); wives 
 and children are packing away after them apace. All will be gone by ist 
 March, 1655,” 127. 
 
 the earliest of the transplanters set down in the barony of Barren, where there 
 is “not wood enough to hang a man, water enough to drown him, or 
 earth enough to bury him,” 121. 
 
 the coming transplanters scared, like beasts driven too suddenly to a slaughter- 
 yard, 121. 
 
 their condition in Connaught, 146-155. 
 
 many peers of the realm buried in smoky cabins, and starved to death, with 
 their wives and children, in Connaught, 155. 
 
 in 1660, said, in England, to be up in arms when they were up in prison, 289. 
 ordered back (loth December, 1661), 301. 
 
 TR.ANSPLANTATION, 
 
 the descendants of those who urged the Transplantation in Henry VIII.’s time 
 are now to transplant, 106. 
 
 Irish who are collectors of assessment to be watched lest they escape to Con¬ 
 naught without accompting, 118. 
 
 Gookin objects to it that the soldiers have need of the Irish, 138. 
 
 the Irish women skilled in dressing hemp and flax, and in making woollen 
 cloth; the men good masons, 138. 
 
 “ Irish have (’tis strange) as great resentment against it as even against death 
 itself’ (Gookin), 140. 
 
 “ supposing they should have a dram of rebellious blood in them, or be sullen, 
 and not go,” ib. 
 
 “ will a whole nation drive like geese at the wagging of a hat upon a stick ?” 
 fGookin), ib. 
 
 reasons for, given in the petition of the officers of the precincts of Dublin, 
 Carlow, Wexford, and Kilkenny, in behalf of themselves, their soldiers, 
 &c., 142. 
 
 Saints seek the Lord together (by order of Commissioners of Parliament) for 
 direction in this work (Lawrence), 144. 
 
 they never objected to it, though very many godly and judicious persons com¬ 
 plained of its slow pace (id.), ib. 
 
 not as a punishment for blood, 99. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 491 
 
 TRANSPLANTATION—foniinwerf. 
 
 to spare the new proprietor’s feelings at the sight of the misery of the former 
 owner, ib. 
 
 hated by the Irish, because it destroyed their national interest, and cut off 
 their hope of ever recovering their lost ground (Lawrence), 144. 
 and because they foresaw, perhaps, that the Connaught proprietors might bid 
 them such welcome as they would bid the Soldier or Adventurer on their 
 lands (id.), ib. 
 
 had left the county of Tipperary so desolate, that no inhabitant of the Irish 
 nation that knew the country was left to show the bounds of estates to 
 Dr. Petty’s surveyors, 202. 
 
 four fit persons sent back from Connaught for this purpose, ib. 
 it is found to require a little hanging to make the gentry transplant, 133. 
 the officers “ f/re tender of hanging any of the Irish proprietors but leading 
 men; but they are resolved to seize and fill the gaols with them, by 
 which this bloody people will know that they (the officers') are not 
 degenerated from English principles," 128. 
 
 “We shall have no scruple in sending them to the West Indies to help to 
 plant the plantation that General Venables, it is hoped, hath reduced,” 129. 
 Daniel Fitzpatrick and another sentenced to be hanged (A. D. 1655) for not 
 transplanting, 133. 
 
 Mr. Edward Iletherington, of Kilnemanagh, hanged with placards on his 
 breast and back inscribed—“ For not transplanting,” ib. 
 children, grandchildren, brothers, nephews, uncles, and ne.Kt heirs, transplanted, 
 to ease the fears of the Adventurers and Soldiers, 326, n. 
 
 Standing Committee appointed ist August, 1653, consisting of Roger Lord 
 Broghill, Hierome Sankey, Colonel Richard Lawrence, and others, 147. 
 transplanters inhabiting within ten miles of the Shannon on this side, not to 
 be set down within ten miles of the other, 148. 
 
 SirC. Coote, Major Ormsby, and others, take lands in Connaught, diminishing 
 the fund for transplanters, 163. 
 
 the whole inhabitants of no one county to be set down together in Connaught, 
 148. 
 
 the several septs or clans to be set down dispersed, ib. 
 
 transplanted Irish of English descent to be kept separate from the Irish, ib. 
 
 Sir Charles Coote’s scheme for assigning certain baronies in Connaught for the 
 abode of the inhabitants of certain counties, respectively, the selection 
 being made on the ground of the supposed resemblance of the baronies to 
 the counties whence the families removed, 160, 161. 
 ordered to be searched for in Dublin (1656), and arrested, in order that their 
 houses may be given to new-arrived English, 282. 
 general arrest in towns, and transportation of them to Barbadoes, 283. 
 
492 
 
 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 TRANSPLANTERS, 
 
 rule for setting out land to, for stock of cattle, 105. 
 
 their wives and children watching their crop, during their absence in Connaught, 
 turned out of their houses by the disbanded soldiery, 109. 
 
 TRANSPLANTABLE PERSONS, 
 
 general arrest of all not transplanted (order of 19th March), 1655, 129. 
 
 TRIMLESTON, 
 
 Lord Baron of, Sir Richard Baruewall, Mr. Patrick Netterville, and others (Kil¬ 
 kenny submittees), require a pass from the suburbs of Athlone over the 
 bridge to attend their business in the town, 116. 
 
 Cusack, Lord Trimleston’s brother-in-law, tenant of his manor under Mrs. 
 
 Bay ley, betrays the possession to him, 114. 
 his grave in the ruined Abbey of Kilconnell, with the epitaph, “ Here lies 
 Mathew Lord Baron of Trimleston, one of the transplanted,” 186. 
 
 TRUMPET, THE FIRST, 
 
 on nth October, 1652, commands the Irish nation to get ready to take up their 
 residence wherever the Parliament of England should direct, 96. 
 
 TRUMPET, THE SECOND, 
 
 with the doom of the Irish nation, on 26th September, 1653, loi. 
 
 Irish to transplant to Connaught before ist May, 1634, ib. 
 
 ULSTER, PLANTATION OF—42, 45. 
 
 USSHER, ARCHBISHOP, 
 
 knew of women to lie in wait for a rider, and drag him down, to eat his horse 
 like famished wolves, 77. 
 
 VANDALS, 
 
 injustice to them to equal them with the English of 1652, Preface. 
 
 WAR, ENGLISH METHOD OF, 
 in Ireland, 75. 
 
 Spenser’s description of, in Munster, in 1580, 76. 
 recommends it for Ulster, 76. 
 country wasted till man and beast died, ib. 
 children killed for food, 77. 
 
 Archbishop Ussher knew women to drag a rider from his horse to devour it, ib. 
 difficulties of, in Ireland; islands in bogs, secure fortresses to Irish, nearly in¬ 
 accessible, and whence they could escape at pleasure, 79. 
 
INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 493 
 
 WATERFORD, 
 
 (among other seaports), with 1500 acres contiguous, offered for sale by Parlia¬ 
 ment in July, 1643, to English and foreign merchants, for £30,000 fine 
 and £625 rent payable to the State, 272. 
 the Danish inhabitants, driven out by the English in 1172, found the Ostman- 
 town of Waterford, 296. 
 
 the city English, and “of unspotted loyalty,” 298. 
 
 the inhabitants banished (1650), and a regiment of 1200 English ordered by 
 Iretou to be raised to repeople it, 298. 
 
 in 1660 the banished merchants petition from St. Malos, Cadiz, &c., to be at 
 liberty to return with their capital and skill, 299. 
 would render it as flourishing as ever, and second only to Dublin, 300. 
 they excel all their predecessors in skill, and equal those of all Ireland put to¬ 
 gether, 299. 
 
 WIDOWS AND ORPHANS, AND THE DESTITUTE, 
 seized and sent to the Barbadoes, 88. 
 the men and boys for bondmen, ib. 
 
 the girls for companions for the planters, instead of Maroon women and 
 Negresses, ib. 
 
 Bristol merchants deal with the Government for supplies of them, ib. 
 
 Sellick, and Leader, and Robert Yeomans, some of the contractors, ib. 
 
 Broghill, afterwards Earl of Orrery, undertakes to find crowds, in the county of 
 Cork alone, 91. 
 
 2000 boys and 1000 girls, “Irish wenches” (the latter seized by force by 
 order of II. Cromwell), sent by Galway for the use of 1500 soldier planters, 
 92. 
 
 WIDOWS, IRISH, OF ENGLISH EXTRACT, 
 
 Commissioners are asked to define what they mean by? 120. 
 are to be set down in the four baronies of Ballintobber, Athlone, Tulla, and 
 Bunratty, 163. 
 
 Ballintobber afterwards withdrawn from them, ib. 
 
 WIVES AND YOUNG CHILDREN OF TRANSPLANTERS, 
 
 in the absence of their protectors away in Connaught building huts for them, 
 are turned out while watching their last crop, without being given a cabin 
 to shelter in, or grass for a cow, 109. 
 
 WOLVES, PRIESTS, AND TORIES, 
 
 “the three burdensome beasts on whose heads we lay rewards,” 308. 
 
494 
 
 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 
 
 IVOLF DOGS, 
 
 and hawks of Ireland, of old, fit presents for kings, 309. 
 
 taken from the officers departing (1654) for Spain, on account of the plague of 
 wolves, ib. 
 
 WOLVES, 
 
 public hunt for, ordered in the suburbs of Dublin, 1652, 284. 
 
 increase upon the English, from exterminating the Irish too rapidly, contrary 
 to the wise injunction of Jehovah in the case of the killing of all the 
 Canaauites by the Jews, 309. 
 
 public hunts organized, and deer toil brought from England, ib. 
 
 increase of, charged by Cromwell (conqueror’s logic) on the priests, 310. 
 
 rewards for the head of a bitch wolf, £6 ; of a dog wolf, £5 ; of every cub 
 that preyeth by himself, 40 shillings; of every sucking cub, 10 shil¬ 
 lings, ib. 
 
 lands near Dublin (1653) leased by the State, on condition of lessee’s keeping 
 two packs of wolf hounds—one at Dublin, the other at Dunboyne, and 
 yielding a certain number of wolf heads, 311. 
 
 YOUGHAL, 
 
 ancient (English) inhabitants driven out by the English rebels in 1644, 283. 
 
 3000 deserted houses there pulled down by the English soldiery for firing, ib. 
 
 the clearing of (A. D. 1649) witnessed and described by Lady Fanshawe, 288. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Figures within Parentheses. 
 
 he figures within parentheses refer to the Lists of the Adventurers for the Land and Sea 
 Services, and give the number attached to the Adventurer, and his subscription in that Series, 
 
 Figures not so distinguished. 
 
 Tlie figures not so distinguislied refer to the page numbers of this volume. 
 
 Names in Italics. 
 
 Names in Italics signify Authors cited. 
 
 Abbott, Daniel, 199, n. ; 216, 254, 
 320. 
 
 Acherly, Roger, 54, n. 
 
 Adams, Robert (226). 
 
 — Thomas (137). 
 
 — William (i 5). 
 
 Addys, Thomas, 393. 
 
 Agricola, 9. 
 
 Ailston, Joseph (166). 
 
 Ailster, Penning (164). 
 
 Aitkins, Alexander, 225, n. 
 
 Alcock, Charles, 392. 
 
 — Thomas (422), (1237). 
 
 — William (185). 
 
 Alexander, Sir Jerome, 265, 266, n. 
 Alford, James (548). 
 
 Alice, Countess of Warick, 18. 
 Alithinologus Eudoxius, iio, n. 
 
 Alland, Captain, 218. 
 
 Allen, ffrancis (676), 389. 
 
 — John (248). 
 
 — Lady Mary, 119. 
 
 — Richard, 394 (811), (1298). 
 
 — Toby (981). 
 
 — Colonel William, 271, n. 
 
 — William, 397 (478), (801), (1245). 
 
 — William and Thomas (599). 
 Allenson, Sir William (132). 
 
 Allot, Richard (420). 
 
 Allured, John (1182). 
 
 r Ally, Samuel, 320. 
 
 Almain, Robert de, 21, n. 
 
 I Alraery, George (162), 240, n. 
 Almond, William (193), 392, 394. 
 Ames, John (352). 
 
 Amyos, John, 392. 
 
 Anderson, Nathaniel (267). 
 Andrews, Matthew (839). 
 
 — Thomas ('155J, {1202), 240, n. 
 Anglesey, Earl of, 168. 
 
 Annaly, Lord, 107. 
 
 Annesly, Mr., 269. 
 
 Anthony, Edward (989). 
 Antigonus, 40, n. 
 
 Antrim, Marquis of, 54, 280. 
 Archebold, Stephen (289). 
 
 Archer, Henry, 343. 
 
 — Mary, ii i, 381. 
 
 — Thomas, 381. 
 
 — Walter, 293. 
 
 Armine, Sir William (1075). 
 Arnold, George (i 147). 
 
 Arnop, Colonel, 276. 
 
 Arthur, Dorothy, 224, u. 
 
 — Dr. Thomas, 279, 280, n. 
 Aruiulell, Henry (34). 
 
 — William and John (36). 
 
 Ash, Matthew (885). 
 
 ‘ — Edward, 395. 
 
 — Francis (143). 
 
496 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Ash, John ('?'), -jo;. 
 
 — Symon (847), 393. 
 
 Ashley, Sir Anthony (89). 
 
 — John (490). 
 
 Ashurst, Henry (418). 
 
 — Kicliard (362). 
 
 Asliton, Michael (798). 
 
 — Ralph (1098). 
 
 Ashwell, William (536). 
 
 Atkins, Benjamin, 396. 
 
 — John (i 126). 
 
 — Petei', 396. 
 
 — William (i 125). 
 
 Atkinson, Sir George, 111. 
 
 — Lady Margaret, in. 
 
 Audley, Lord, 41, n. 
 
 Aunsley, Edward (.831). 
 
 Ausley, Edward (1312)- 
 
 Austin, Edward, or Edmund (908). 
 
 — Edward, 397. 
 
 — George (707). 
 
 Austrey, Elizabeth (74). 
 
 Avery, Alderman, 386. 
 
 — Samuel, 240, n. 
 
 Avesnes, Comte d’, 4. 
 
 Axtel, Colonel, 215, 216, 222, n. ; 
 
 223, n. ; 270, 291, 292, n. 
 
 Ayres, Thomas (666), 240. 
 
 Ayscough, Sir Edward (109). 
 
 Babb, William (262). 
 
 Babington, Abraham (272), (1216). 
 
 — Michael (498). 
 
 — Thomas (945). 
 
 Bagnal, Col. Walter, 68, 288. 
 
 Baily, Thomas (875). 
 
 Baker, John, (190). 
 
 — Katharine, (35). 
 
 — Mary (1056). 
 
 Balam, William (199). 
 
 Ball, Samuel, 397. 
 
 — William (439), (673). 
 
 Ballard, John (423). 
 
 — Thomas (969). 
 
 — William (393). 
 
 Bamford, Patrick (607). 
 
 Bancks, Thomas (7 17). 
 
 Banks, John (396). 
 
 Banister, Benjamin (745), 253, n. 
 Barber, Mr., 173. 
 
 — Chirurgeons Co. of (188). 
 
 — Gabriel (833). 
 
 Barefoot, Robert (10), (690), (1191). 
 Barg, Vincent (1068). 
 
 Barker, Edward, 396. 
 
 — George (100). 
 
 Barker, John (125), 250, n. 
 
 — Joseph (552). 
 
 — Mrs. Mary (1133). 
 
 Barker, Thomas, 397. 
 
 — William (637). 
 
 Barnabye, Abraham, 391. 
 
 Barnard, Dean, 77. 
 
 Barnard, Richard (967). 
 
 Barnardiston, Sir Nathaniel (21). 
 
 — Thomas (207), (1209), 240, n., 
 393 - 
 
 Barnes, James (30), 
 
 Barnwalls, the, 106, 115. 
 
 Barnewall, of Breymore, 209, 20. 
 
 — of Turvey, 209, n. 
 
 — Edmond, 322. 
 
 — George, ib. 
 
 — John, 313, n. 
 
 — Margaret, no. 
 
 — Nicholas, 114, 119. 
 
 — Sir Richard, 116. 
 
 — Richard, 209, n. 
 
 Barrett, Robert (400). 
 
 Barrington, Captain, 216. 
 
 — Alexander, 192, n. 
 
 — Sir Thomas (20). 
 
 Barrys, The, 29. 
 
 Barry, Daniel, 177. 
 
 — The Lord, 183. 
 
 Barton, Symon (549). 
 
 — William (503). 
 
 Barwicke, Thomas (457). 
 
 Basil, William, 59, n. 
 
 Bassett, William (1112). 
 
 Bate, John (1217). 
 
 Bateman, John (699). 
 
 Bath, Corporation of (1124). 
 
 Bayley, Colonel, 114. 
 
 — Ambrose, 222, n. 
 
 — Ml'S. Penelope, 114, 115. 
 
 — Thomas, 399. 
 
 Baynton, James (629). 
 
 Bayntun, Sir Edward (59). 
 
 Beale, Thomas (941). 
 
 — Stephen (647), (1266). 
 
 — William (810), (1297). 
 
 Beamont, Richard (261). 
 
 Beard, Maximilian (528). 
 
 — Robert (346). 
 
 Beardolph, Samuel (809). 
 
 — Symon (1296). 
 
 Bedel, Bishop, 62, 63, 64. 
 
 Bedingfield, Anthony (82). 
 
 — Humphrey (145). 39 '- 
 Beeke, William (284). 
 
 Begg, of Navan, 209, n. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 497 
 
 Begg, Robert, 209, n. 
 
 Begs, Roger, 321. 
 
 Beighton, Richard (374). 
 
 Belfield, Anthony (i 158). 
 
 Bell, Angelo (702). 
 
 Bellers, Fulke (1092). 
 
 Beiico, Abraham Alexander, 393. 
 Bence, Alexander (81). 
 
 Bendigo, James (381). 
 
 Bendish, Sir Thomas (645). 
 Bennett, George, 271, n. 
 
 — Sir Henry, 292, n., 294, n. 
 
 — Captain John, 131. 
 
 Bonnvyn, Gabriel (936). 
 
 Bentley, John (102). 
 
 Bernard, Richard (79). 
 
 Betagh, Thomas, 208, n. 
 
 — William, 209, n. 
 
 Bettsworth, William (704). 
 Bewley, Thomas, Sen. (518). 
 
 — Thomas, Jun. (519). 
 
 Bidle, Christopher (532). 
 
 Bidolph, Theophilus (606). 
 Biddolph, Theophilus, 394. 
 
 Bigg, James (1122). 
 
 — John (1256). 
 
 — Thomas, 393. 
 
 — Biggs, John (561). 
 
 — Joseph (303). 
 
 — Miles (427). 
 
 Birne, Arthur, 177. 
 
 — Owen, 322. 
 
 — Philip, 177. 
 
 — William, 177. 
 
 Birch, Thos. (1099). 
 
 Bird, John (956). 
 
 Birkenhead, Theophilus, 394. 
 Bisby, William (390). 
 
 Biscoe, John, (686). 
 
 Bishop, Ephraim (1063), 392. 
 Black, Edmond (1150). 
 Blackborrow, Wm. (294). 
 Blackett, John, 240, n. 
 Blackiston, John (61). 
 
 Blackwell, Jarvis (611). 
 
 — John (521). 
 
 — John, Senior, 399. 
 
 — John, Junior, 399. 
 
 — Jonathan (556). 
 
 — Joseph (556), 398. 
 
 — Samuel, 395. 
 
 Bladen, William, 214, n. 
 
 Blague, Nicholas (887). 
 
 Blake, Elizabeth (1160). 
 
 Bland, Capt., 113. 
 
 Blande, Jane, 395. 
 
 Blate, John (280). 
 
 Blatt, Edward (353). 
 
 — James (351), 392. 
 Blenkhome, John, 253, n. 
 
 Blood, Dean, 182, n. 
 
 Blount, Charles, 368. 
 
 Blow, James, 222, n. 
 
 Blunsdon, Overrington (949J. 
 Boate, Catherine, 399. 
 
 — Gerarde (865), 248, n., 399. 
 
 — Gerrald 1318). 
 
 Bodkin, Dominic, 112. 
 
 Boggeste, Thos. (258). 
 
 — William (701). 
 
 Bolton, Gregory, 222, n. 
 
 — Capt. Wm., 218. 
 
 Bond, John (1048). 
 
 — Dennis (130). 
 
 Bone, Nicholas (688), 389. 
 Bonfield, Bridget, 369. 
 
 — Catherine, 369. 
 
 — James, 368, 369. 
 
 Bonner, Nicholas (246). 
 
 Booke, William (1220). 
 
 Borlase, 56, n. ; 62, n. 
 
 Bosfield, Anthony, 392. 
 
 Bosville, Colonel William, 391. 
 Botterill, William, 253, n. 
 
 — William (223). 
 
 Boughton, Richard, 398. 
 
 Boulter, Major, 346. 
 
 Boulton, Everard (444), (1240). 
 
 — William (402). 
 
 Boulter, Primate, 325, n. 
 Bourcher, Nathaniel (973). 
 Bourke, Anabel, 372. 
 
 — Lady Catherine, 371. 
 
 — Sir David, 371. 
 
 — Edmund, 371, 374. 
 
 — Henry, 372. 
 
 — Sir John, 375, 110, n. 
 
 — Margaret, 375. 
 
 — Mary, 375. 
 
 — Patrick, 371. 
 
 — Thomas, 375. 
 
 Bownell, Captain, 216. 
 
 Box, Henry, 394. 
 
 Boxley, Richard, 222, n. 
 
 Boyce, Henry (446), (1242). 
 Boynton, Sir Matthew (537). 
 Boyse, John, 392. 
 
 Box, Henry (534). 
 
 Breakinge, Nicholas (1021). 
 Bradley, George (820), (1303). 
 
 — Mark (818). 
 
 Bradshaw, Elizabeth (234). 
 Brady, Cornelius, 384. 
 
 Braket, John (256). 
 
INDKX OF NAMES. 
 
 498 
 
 Bramhall, Primate, 97, 155. 
 Branckstead, John (677). 
 
 Brand, Joseph (5007. 
 
 Brenly, Mrs. Sarah (1354). 
 
 Breenagh, Richard, 366. 
 
 — William, 366, 368. 
 
 Brennan, Denhs, 338. 
 
 Brentley, Lawrence (856). 
 
 — Nicholas (857). 
 
 Brereton, Major, 218. 
 
 Bryfield, Adinram (840). 
 
 Buckland, John (1103). 
 
 Bulkeley, Mrs. Alice, 79. 
 
 Buller, George (iio). 
 
 Bunce, James (1280). 
 
 Burcott, Michael or Nicholas (1166). 
 Burgatt, Ann, 372. 
 
 — Dr. William, 320, n. 
 
 — William, 210, n. 
 
 Burgess, Cornelius (508), 390, 400. 
 Burgis, James (mo). 
 
 Burhe, Sir Bernard, 182, n. 
 
 — Edmond, 153. 
 
 — Sir John, 110. 
 
 — Lady Margaret, 375. 
 
 — Mayler, 153. 
 
 — Theobald, Baron of Brittas, 375. 
 Brereton, Sir William (28), 393. 
 
 — William, 391. 
 
 Best, Sarah (1054). 
 
 Bretland, Thomas (575). 
 
 Brett, John (283), (1219). 
 
 Brewer, Christopher (867). 
 
 — J. S., 7, n. 
 
 Brewster, Sir Francis, 355. 
 
 — Samuel and Daniel, 394. 
 
 Brice, Shadracke (io6i). 
 
 Brickdell, John (1181). 
 
 Bridges, Jeremy (1350). 
 
 — John (1090). 
 
 Brien, Honora ny, 354, n. 
 
 Briggs, Thomas (740). 
 
 Bright, John (176), (1205). 
 
 — Thomas (892). 
 
 Brightwell, Thomas (504), (1250), 
 
 240, n. 
 
 Brimley, Laurence (1315). 
 
 — Thomas (859). 
 
 Briscoe, Thomas, 394. 
 
 Brittas, Lord Baron, 377. 
 
 Briver, James, 113. 
 
 Brockett, Thomas (910). 
 
 Broderick, Capt., 192, n. 
 
 Broghill, Lord, 90, 91, 108, 147, 189, 
 n., 211, 218, 283, n., 329, 335, n. 
 Bromeswold, Laurence, 240, n. 
 Bromwich, John (714). 
 
 Brouker, Thomas (763). 
 
 Brooke, Gabrieli (78). 
 
 Broomer, Richard (373). 
 
 Broughton, Andrew, 396. 
 
 Brown, John, 374. 
 
 — Patrick, 373. 
 
 Browne, Richard (711). 
 
 — Edward, 383. 
 
 — George (39s). 
 
 — Humphrey (572). 
 
 — John (88), (117), (751). 
 
 — Samuel (863), (1317). 
 
 — Thos. (804), (1291). 
 
 Bruen, John, 320. 
 
 Brunskill, Heather, 399. 
 
 Bruoder, Shorilly ny, 375. 
 
 Bruster, Edward (591). 
 
 Bryan, John, 112, 293. 
 
 — Mary, 293. 
 
 — Patrick, 292, n., 301, n. 
 
 Burlace, John (920), (1035). 
 
 Burnell, Henry, 113. 
 
 Bussell, Capt. 216. 
 
 Burroughs, Jeremy (1333). 
 
 Bust, Tobias, 222, n. 
 
 Butters, 28, 29, 31, 40, 106. 
 
 Butler, Elinor, in, 379. 
 
 — Esmond, 23. 
 
 — Giles, 367. 
 
 — Lord James, 40, n. 
 
 — John, 368. 
 
 — Katharine, 367. 
 
 — Blary, 113. 
 
 — Pierce, Viscount Ikerrin, 179, 367. 
 
 — Richard, 113, 367. 
 
 Button, Mathias (483). 
 
 Bye, Thomas (294). 
 
 Bynce, James (7 10). 
 
 Cacott, Thos. (953). 
 
 Cads, John, 222, n. 
 
 CcBsar, 3, 9, 197, n. 
 
 Caflfon, Morish, 363. 
 
 Caffose, Robert, 376. 
 
 Cahill, Ellen ny, 369. 
 
 Cambell, Capt. 216. 
 
 Cambrensis, Giraldus, 7, n., 10, n., 73, 
 272, n. 
 
 Camillus, i. 
 
 Campbell, James (114). 
 
 Camphield, Capt. Nathaniel (694). 
 Campion, 15, 20, n., 40. 
 
 Candler, Captain, 216. 
 
 Cannockt, Ann (1042). 
 
 Canting, Daniel (263). 
 
 Carew, Anthony, 300, n. 
 
 Carhampton, Lord, 107. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 499 
 
 Casey, William, 132. 
 
 Carleton, Bishup of Chichester, 41, n. 
 Carpenter, John (911). 
 
 Garrick, Earls of, 179. 
 
 Carrill, Joseph (860). 
 
 Carte, 7, n.; 57, n.; 58, n. ; 62, n.; 
 68, n.; 69, n. ; 7 i, n. 
 
 — 84, n.; 83, 86, n. ; 98, n. ; 130, n.; 
 « 34 . U-; 152. n-; 153. n. 
 
 — 195, n.; 167, n.; 168, n.; 169, n. ; 
 189, n.; 20 r, II. ; 254, n. 
 
 — 263,0.; 267,0.; 274, n.; 278, n. ; 
 288, a .; 292, n.; 293, n. 
 
 — 294, 11.; 299, n.; 300, n.; 302, n.; 
 3 ° 4 > n-; 333 . «.; 355, n. 
 
 Carter, John (245). 
 
 Carter, Edward (514). 
 
 Carter, Ralph (425). 
 
 Cartrett, Captain, 216. 
 
 Caity, Connor, 368. 
 
 Carwithin, Nicholas (995). 
 
 Castle, Richard (322). 
 
 Castleconnell, Lady Ellen, 374. 
 
 — Margaret, Lady Dowager, 372, 373. 
 
 — William, Lord Baron of, 374. 
 
 Catlin, John (269). 
 
 Caulier, James (1151). 
 
 Caulfield, Lord, 63. 
 
 Cavenaghs, 27. 
 
 Cavenagh, Major Charles, 112. 
 Chamberlain, Abraham (567). 
 
 — Thomas (567). 
 
 — Abraham and Thomas (1258). 
 Chambers, Mr., 281, n. 
 
 — Humphrey (866). 
 
 Chandler, Richard (747). 
 
 — Thomas, 192, n. 
 
 Charles I., 47, 49, n.; 51, 34, 72, n. ; 
 187, 296, 401. 
 
 — II., 22, 136, 176, n. ; 185, n.; 187, 
 232, 273, n. ; 293, n.; 299, n. 
 
 — 3 ‘ 5 . n- i 3>6, n.; 330, n. 
 
 V., 4, n. 
 
 Chaveney, Peter, 391. 
 
 — Humphrej’ (669). 
 
 Cheatley, Francis, iy6. 
 
 Cheevers, the, 106, i86. 
 
 — Mr., 177, 178. 
 
 — Walter, 176. 
 
 Cheney, Ann (249). 
 
 Cheny, Francis (618). 
 
 Cheswick, James (876). 
 
 Chetwood, 323, n. 
 
 Chewning, Thomas (318), 392. 
 Chichester, Sir Arthur, i6, 42,43, 45,0.; 
 
 46, n.; 280, 330, n. 
 
 Chidley, William, 17 a. 
 
 Childe, John C940), (1031). 
 
 — Robert (406). 
 
 Chillingwortb, Robert (922). 
 
 Christmas, Richard, 383. 
 
 Clanricard, Lord, 31, n.; 73, 163, 232. 
 
 — Marquis of, 33, n. 
 
 — Marchioness, 132, 234. 
 
 Clapham, Rawleigh, 393. 
 
 Clapp, Richard (1006). 
 
 Clare, Stafford (354). 
 
 Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, 33. 
 Clarendon, 60, 62. 
 
 Clarke, Colonel, 203, 216. 
 
 — John (177), (1206). 
 
 — Charles, 390. 
 
 — George, 393, 393, 400, (8), (1190). 
 — Ralph (374), (1183). 
 
 — Samuel (1010), (1091), 392. 
 
 Clay, John, 391. 
 
 — Roger (729). 
 
 Claydon, John (675). 
 
 Ciej'poe, Captain, 216. 
 
 Clement, Gregory (830), (1313), 231, 
 
 253, n- 
 
 — Hugh, 402, n. 
 
 Clerke, Christ. (992). 
 
 — James (494), (1185). 
 
 — Robert (930). 
 
 —■ James (403). 
 
 Cliff, Mr., 124, n.; 190, n. 
 
 Clifton, Joseph, 391. 
 
 Clodpole, Mr. Justice, 297. 
 
 Clogy, Alexander, 62, n. 
 
 Clotworthy, Sir John (i 170), 7 8, 240, n. 
 Clutterbuck, Richd. (314), (1223), 389. 
 Cobb, John (1347). 
 
 Cobden, Mr., 342, n. 
 
 Cocke, Thomas (312). 
 
 Codd, —, 317. 
 
 Coish, Richard (184). 
 
 Colbron, Henry (486). 
 
 Colchester, Osmond (240). 
 
 , Coles, the, 131. 
 
 Cole, Francis (1164). 
 
 — Heniy, 22, n. 
 
 — Peter (539). 
 
 — Thomas (53). 
 
 Coleman, Captain, 338. 
 
 — John (683). 
 
 i Coles, Henry (288) 
 
 Collect, Richard (9). 
 
 Collins, —, 31, n. 
 
 Collins, Francis (623), (1262). 
 
 Collis, Captain, 216. 
 
 Collyer, Joseph (944)- 
 Coombs, Ambrose (377J. 
 
 Coomb, John (901). 
 
 2 K 2 
 
500 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Coomb, Thomas (977). 
 
 Combe, Thomas, 391. 
 
 Comyn, Lady Catherine, 104. 
 
 — Gennel, 369. 
 
 — Sir Nicholas, 104. 
 
 Conde, Prince of, 87, 88. 
 
 Connery, Daniel, 89. 
 
 Connor, Charles, 190, n. 
 
 Conroy, Michael, 364. 
 
 Conway, Marshal, 69. 
 
 — Secretary, 401, n. 
 
 Cooke, Cornelius (904). 
 
 — Edward (464). 
 
 — Elizabeth, 392. 
 
 — Mr. James, 253, n. 
 
 — Mr. Justice, 170, 17 i, 175, 275, n.; 
 316, 317, 318, 319. 
 
 — Thomas (684). 
 
 Coop, William (1302). 
 
 Cooper, Colonel, 324. 
 
 — Mary, 68. 
 
 — William (819), 157, n.; 158, n. 
 
 — Samuel (659). 
 
 Cootes, the, 151. 
 
 Coote, Sir Charles, 58, 90, 102, 121, 
 111, n.; 125, n. ; 145, 152, 154, 159, 
 162, 163, 189, 200, 215, 225, 303, 
 
 384- 
 
 — Col. Chidley, 218. 
 
 — Col. Richard, 218, 225, n. 
 
 Coppinger, John, 171, 365, 367. 
 
 — Robert, 167, n.; 168. 
 
 — Stephen, 171. 
 
 Corbally, Patrick, 177. 
 
 Corbane, Donagh, 365. 
 
 Corbet, Miles(i22), 97,11.; 108, 110, n.; 
 
 206, n. ; 208, n.; 319, 381, 382, 383. 
 Corke, John 6480). 
 
 Cornish, John (1123). 
 
 Cornock, Captain, 216. 
 
 Cory, Thomas (217). 
 
 Costello, Col. Dudley, 352. 
 
 Cotgrave, Randle, 6, n. 
 
 Coughlan, Colonel, 352. 
 
 — Daniel, 45, 46. 
 
 — Francis, 252. 
 
 — Mrs., 253, 254. 
 
 — Terence, 252, 253, n. 
 
 Coulson, John (855). 
 
 Coventry, Sir H., 297, n. 
 
 Cowden, Morish, 365. 
 
 Cowley, - 37, n. ; 38, n. 
 
 Cox, J. (696). 
 
 — Richard (769). 
 
 Cox, Sir Richard, 29, n. ; 48, n.; 55, n. ; 
 J54, n. ; 353, n. 
 
 Coxon, Clement (355). 
 
 Coysh, Richard (1208). 
 
 Crandley, Captain Richard (1340). 
 Crawley, Robert, 398. 
 
 Creagh, Anthony, 369. 
 
 — Gabriel, 369. 
 
 — Gennett, 369. 
 
 — James, 369. 
 
 — Piers, 378, 112. 
 
 Cressy, Simon 399. 
 
 Crew, Arthur (790). 
 
 — John (94). 
 
 — Ranulph (1188). 
 
 Crickmore, William (178). 
 
 Crispe, Sir Nicholas (138), (1199), 
 240. 
 
 — Nicholas, 241. 
 
 — Richard (1257), (563). 
 
 — Samuel (1197). 
 
 Croane, Henry (585). 
 
 Croker, T. Crofton, n.; 350, n. 
 Cromwell, Henry, 89, n.; 92, 137, 163, 
 198, 216, 237. 
 
 — Oliver, (72), (1194), 54, 75, 117, 
 
 124, 149 - 156) ‘63, 167, 169, 175, 
 176, 177, 182, 183, 185, n. ; 188, 
 
 189, 191, 192, 194, 210, n. ; 227, 
 
 228, 238, 235,236, 248, n. ; 256, 
 
 260, 271, 275, 279, 288, 289, 292, 
 3 °o, 3171 332, 339 . 34 °. 349 . 3 ^ 6 - 
 
 — Thomas, 41, n. 
 
 Crook, Charles (239), 391. 
 
 — Andrew, 267, n. 
 
 Crossing, Philip (991). 
 
 Crow, Richard (869). 
 
 Crowley, Robert (225). 
 
 Crowther, Samuel (931). 
 
 Crumpon, Owen, 363. 
 
 Cuffe, Sir James, 151. 
 
 Cullane, Honnora ny, 373. 
 
 Cullen, Morgan, 177. 
 
 — Murtagh, 276. 
 
 — Richard (898). 
 
 — Thady, 177. 
 
 Culme, Lady, in. 
 
 — Mary, 384. 
 
 Culmere, Richard (ii6r). 
 
 Culpepper, Sir John (80). 
 
 Cunningham, Thomas (1351). 
 
 Cuppage, Major, 216. 
 
 Curie, John (i 114). 
 
 Currigan, James, 226, n. 
 
 Curtise, John, 394. 
 
 Curtis, John and Thomas (i 106). 
 Cusack, Justice, 37. 
 
 Cusack, 106, 114. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 501 
 
 Cusack, Margaret, 113. 
 
 Cushin, Mrs., 112. 
 
 Cussine, David, 373. 
 
 Dacres, Sir Thomas (95)1 240, n. 
 
 Daise, Mary, 390. 
 
 Dalton, Thomas, 222. 
 
 Dancer, Ihomas, 196. 
 
 Daniel, W. (144). 
 
 — Honora ny, 376. 
 
 — Mary, 376. 
 
 — Susan and Thomas, 398. 
 
 Darcy, James, 154, n. 
 
 Dailey, Bryan, 115. 
 
 Darneley, Richard (454). 
 
 Dashwood, Ensign Richard, 193. 
 
 — Francis (243). 
 
 Daton, James, 363. 
 
 Davenport, Henry (305). 
 
 Daves, John (451). 
 
 Davey, Thomas (438) 
 
 Davis, Sir John, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 
 21, n.; 23, 27, 34, 40, 42, 43, 136, 
 287. 
 
 — Jasper (340), (1233). 
 
 — Thomas (486). 
 
 Davy, William (1080’). 
 
 Dawes, Richard (300). 
 
 Dawson, John, 392, 395. 
 
 Day, Henry (235), (1213). 
 
 — Flenry, 399, 400. 
 
 Deacon, Richard, 399. 
 
 Deards, Nathaniel (244). 
 
 Deathicke, John (550). 
 
 Debbe, Samuel (186). 
 
 De Burgos, 28, 29, 48. 
 
 De Clare, Richard, 17. 
 
 De Fuentes, Count, 87, n. 
 
 De Lacys, 26. 
 
 Delany, Peter (768). 
 
 De le Roche, Robert, 21, n. 
 
 De Mandeville, Geoffrey, 18. 
 
 Dempsey, Captain Barnaby, 68. 
 
 Dennis, Thomas, 390. 
 
 — Silvester (463). 
 
 Dent, Giles (527). 
 
 Deoran, Margaret, 372. 
 
 — Madlen, 373. 
 
 Derinzy, 46. 
 
 De Riddlesford, Walter, 18, N. 
 
 Derrick, John, 232, n. 
 
 De Singera, Sibella, 18. 
 
 Deskeene, Abraham C 44 o)- 
 Desmonds, The, 41. 
 
 Desmond, Earl of, 31, 32, 39, 41, 
 
 I 19, n. 
 
 De Wilton, Lord Grey, 75, 116. 
 
 Digges, William, 212, n. 
 
 Diline, Phillip (718). 
 
 Dillons, The, 106. 
 
 Dillon, Lord Robert, 195, n. 
 
 — James, 331. 
 
 Dingley, Elizabeth (1043). 
 
 Disney, Captain, 216. 
 
 — Thomas (1146). 
 
 Ditton, Mary (890). 
 
 Dobson, Isaac, 178. 
 
 Dodd, John (389). 
 
 Dogherty, Edmund, 121, n. 
 
 Domvile, Mr. Nicholas, 196. 
 
 Donnell, Thomas, 364. 
 
 — Sarah ny, 354, n. 
 
 Dover, Geo. (358). 
 
 — Daniel, Senior (1082). 
 
 — Daniel, Junior (1085). 
 
 Doyle, Donogh, 206, n. 
 
 — Blind Donogh, 337, 338. 
 
 Dornelly, Richard (227). 
 
 D’Ossunia, Count, 87, n. 
 
 Dowdal, Captain, 332, n. 
 
 — Catherine, 23. 
 
 Dowers, Morish, 367. 
 
 Dowler, Samuel, 224, n.; 225. 
 Dowleing, John, 398. 
 
 Downing, Dr. Calebutt (835). 
 
 Dowse, Anthony (404). 
 
 Dowys, Robert (214). 
 
 Doyley, Edward, 147, n. 
 
 Doyly, R., 178. 
 
 — Charles (397). 
 
 Drake, Sir William (77). 
 
 — Francis (121). 
 
 — Dr. Roger, 399. 
 
 — Roger (897). 
 
 Draper, Matthew (837). 
 
 Draycott, Sir John, 209, n. 
 
 Drench, Matthew, 45. 
 
 Dringe, Anthony (472). 
 
 — Robert (434). 
 
 Driscol, James, 376. 
 
 Dryden, Sir John (123). 
 
 Ducane, Beniamin (278). 
 
 — John (278). 
 
 — Peter (277). 
 
 Duke, Francis (33). 
 
 Dullauie, Gillpatrick, 332, n. 
 
 Dun, Simon (215). 
 
 Dunboyne, James, Lord, 23, 105. 
 
 — Lady, 163. 
 
 Dungan, Sir Walter, 88. 
 
 — Sir John, 209, n. 
 
 Duiiluce, Viscount, 280. 
 
 Dunsany, Lord, 235, 256, 257, 23S, 
 330, n. 
 
502 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Dunsany, Lady, 254. 
 
 Dupree, Daniel, 443. 
 
 Dutton, Captain, 218. 
 
 Dwyer, Catherine ny, 374. 
 
 Dwyer, Edmund, 88. 
 
 Dyke, Lewis (1352'). 
 
 — William (646). 
 
 Eades, Captain, 218. 
 
 Eames, Samuel (734). 
 
 Earle, Sir Walter (57). 
 
 East, Edward (685). 
 
 Eastwick, Stephen (589). 
 
 Eaton, John (697). 
 
 Eden, Thomas (24). 
 
 Ediin, Samuel (32). 
 
 Edmonds, Francis, 331, n. 
 
 Edukins, Alexander, 226, n. 
 
 Edwards, John (i 165). 
 
 Edward I., 21, N.; 22, 28. 
 
 Edward III., 32, 7, 25, n.; 33, n. ; 
 35^ n. ; 287, 48. 
 
 Edward IV., 23, 25, n.; 298, 335, n. 
 Edward VI., 39, 323. 
 
 Edward, William, 147, n. 
 
 Edwards, Mr. T., 224. n. 
 
 Eldred, Henry (1359). 
 
 — Robert, 389. 
 
 Elderby, Daniel (405). 
 
 Eldersey, Margai-et (724). 
 
 Elie, Robert (649). 
 
 Elinston, Henry, 389. 
 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 15, 29, 30, 39, 40, 
 50.56,73,87, 116, 142, 165, 182, 
 231. 258, 313. 3 ' 9 . 329, 345 . n-i 
 352- 
 
 Elliott, Thomas, 209, n. 
 
 — Samuel (326). 
 
 Ellis, Sir Henry, 45, n. 
 
 — Robert (1266). 
 
 Elliston, John (1136). 
 
 Elphin, Bishop of, 62, 63. 
 
 Elsynge, Christopher, 192, n. 
 
 Ely, Bishop of, 6, N. 
 
 Ernes, John (1094). 
 
 Empress, Henry Fitz, 296. 
 
 Enderbe, Daniel (38). 
 
 Essex, Earl of, 76, 352, 401. 
 
 Etherett, Thomas, 222, n. 
 
 Eustace, Sir Maurice, 176, 318. 
 
 — Christopher, 185. 
 
 — Thomas, 178. 
 
 Evans, Richard (1018). 
 
 — John (1062). 
 
 Evatt, Thomas, 125, n. 
 
 Evelin, Sir John (52). 
 
 Everard, Matthew, 299, n.; 300, n. 
 
 Evillin, Elizabeth (1041). 
 
 — Ewelin, John (.105). 
 
 Ewer, George (946). 
 
 Exeter, Corporation of, 389. 
 
 — Mayor, Commonalty, &c., of, (1034). 
 Eyre, 21, N. 
 
 Eyres, Thomas, 389. 
 
 Fahy, Edmund, 321. 
 
 Fairfax, 227. 
 
 Falkland, Lord, 45. 
 
 Fane, Anthony (1040). 
 
 Fanning, Walter, 367. 
 
 Fanshaw, Lady, 288. 
 
 Farlo, Captain John, 169. 
 
 Farr, Hugh, 236. 
 
 Farrel, Richard, 102, n. 
 
 Farrell, Richard, 347 n. 
 
 — Lieut.-General, 313, n. 
 
 Farrington, William (206). 
 
 Farwell, Sir John (308) 
 
 Fenton, Sir W., 267, 279. 
 
 — John (286). 
 
 Feny, David, 171. 
 
 Fetherston, Henry (557). 
 
 Fewster, William (1261). 
 
 Ffalder, Henry (231). 
 
 Ffallon, Morish, 364. 
 
 — Patrick, 364. 
 
 Ffanow, John, 224, n.; 225, n. 
 ffarmer, George (622). 
 ffarington, Caldwell (210). 
 ffarthing, Thomas (907). 
 fFawn, Luke (401). 
 
 Ffenton, John, 400. 
 
 Ffensome, William, 224, n.; 225, n. 
 
 fFewster, William (624). 
 
 flferris, Samuel (1358). 
 
 ffielde, John (779). 
 
 ffig, Valentine (200). 
 
 ffisk, John (880). 
 
 — William (879). 
 ffinch, Francis (363). 
 ffisber, James (264). 
 
 Fitzgerald, Lady, 154. 
 
 —• Sir Luke, 154. 
 
 — Margery, 338, 339, 370. 
 
 — Henry, 339. 
 
 — Maurice, 339. 
 
 — Marj., 339,370. 
 
 — Bridget, 339. 
 
 — John, 365, 370. 
 
 — Ellen, 370. 
 
 — Elleanor, 370. 
 
 — Edmund, 370. 
 
 — Joan, 370. 
 
 — David, 370. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 503 
 
 ffissenden, George (912). 
 
 Ffloyd, Robert, 225, n. 
 
 Ffoulkes, Alderman, John, 399. 
 I’followe, Darby, 364. 
 
 — Patrick, 365. 
 
 E’forsett, John, 231, n. 
 ffowler, John (604). 
 ffox, Charles (948). 
 
 E'francis, Ann and Elizabeth, 394. 
 Ifrench, William (799). 
 ffyenns, Nathaniel (97). 
 
 Fidey, Henry, 222, n. 
 
 Finch, Francis, 391. 
 
 Fisher, Mr., 173. 
 
 — Ion, 391. 
 
 Fitzgeralds, 29, 40, 106, 117. 
 F’itzgerald, Thomas, 37, 247, 364. 
 
 — Lord Thomas, 106. 
 
 — Philip, 153. 
 
 — Sarah, 370. 
 
 — Eliza, 370. 
 
 Fitz John, Thomas, 366. 
 
 — Morish, 368. 
 
 Fitzmorish Gerald, James, 367. 
 
 Fitz Nigel, Richard, 6 . 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Daniel, 133. 
 
 — Florence, 332, n. 
 
 — Colonel John, 68, n.; 288. 
 
 _ Mrs., 288. 
 
 Fitzsimons, William, 322. 
 
 Fiizsymons, Finlough, 321. 
 
 Fitz Thomas, John, 26. 
 
 — James, Hon., 365. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, George Gold, 171. 
 Flanagan, Onora, 366. 
 
 Fleetwood, Charles, no, n. ; 121, n. ; 
 224, n.; 229,230,0.; 233,0.; 249, 
 n.; 262, 267, 268, 319. 
 
 Flesher, William (228), (1211), 382, 
 
 3 * 3 - 
 
 Fletcher, Edward (304). 
 
 — Thomas (304). 
 
 — John, (320). 
 
 — James (329), 398. 
 
 — Paul (578). 
 
 — William (546). 
 
 Foley, John, 338. 
 
 Folliott, Daniel ^1027). 
 
 Foote, Thomas (469), (1243). 
 
 — Robert (1328). 
 
 Forbes, Lord, 74, 75, 304, n. 
 
 Ford, Father James, 315. 
 
 F’orde, James, 366. 
 
 F’ord, Francis (i 109). 
 
 F'oster, John, 355, n. 
 
 — Christopher, 394. 
 
 — Isaac (1145). 
 
 j Foulk, Colonel, 107, n. 
 
 Fountaine, Thomas (66). 
 
 — John (167). 
 
 , — Mary, 253, n. 
 
 Fowke, John (152), 240, n. 
 
 Fowkes, Colonel, 198. 
 
 Fowler, Robert (1024). 
 
 I — John (604). 
 
 Fox, Benjamin, 222, n. 
 
 I Frampton, Henry, 222, n. 
 
 Francis, John (1127). 
 
 — I)r. Philip, 197, n. 
 
 Franklin, Sir John (42). 
 
 I Freeman, Thomas (492). 
 
 I French, Most Revd. Nicholas, 155, n 
 j — Nicholas, 315. 
 
 I —Nicholas oge, 112. 
 i — Patrick, 152, 153. 
 
 1 — Robert, 304. 
 
 I — George, 304. 
 
 — William (^1288). 
 
 I Frere, Tobias (i184). 
 
 Gallile, Thomas (1140). 
 
 Gallon, Jeoffry (192). 
 
 Galwaye, John, 167, n. 
 
 — Patrick, 171. 
 
 Gambon, Connor, 365. 
 
 Gardiner, Captain, 216. 
 
 — Robert (644). 
 
 — Samuel (1174). 
 
 Gardner, Richard (68). 
 
 — Gardner, John (783). 
 
 Garland, Mary or Robert, 389. 
 Garnall, Richard (1096). 
 
 Garnar, Sir Robert (598). 
 
 Garrett, Captain, 216. 
 
 Garth, George (1039). 
 
 Garstrell, Joseph (1067). 
 
 Guy, Nicholas (485). 
 
 — John (1119). 
 
 Gearing, John (531). 
 
 Gipps, Richard (141). 
 
 Gay, George (151). 
 
 Giraldus, 8, n.; ii, 136, 137. 
 Gisborne, Sir Guy, of, 6. 
 
 Goad, Christ. (1323), (1155). 
 Goddard, William (757). 
 
 Goddsden, Henry (171), 399. 
 Godfrey, Joseph (736). 
 
 Gooch, William (882). 
 
 Good, Mr., 132. 
 
 — Ellis (652). 
 
 Goodard, Jonathan (668). 
 
 Goodier, Moyses (1345). 
 
 Goodwen, Arthur, 62. 
 
 — Robert, 121, n. 
 
504 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Garroldes, The, 41. 
 
 Geralden, Nicholas, 299, n. 
 
 — Andrew, 300, n. 
 
 Geraldines, the, 119, n. ; 298. 
 
 Gerrard, Sir Gilbert (29). 
 
 Garrard, Sir Jacob (136). 
 
 Gitting, Maurice (416). 
 
 Gething, Richard, 283, 11. 
 
 Gettings, Edward (1279J. 
 
 Gittings, Ed. (667). 
 
 Gibbon, 10, n., 347. 
 
 Gibbons, Captain, 216. 
 
 Gibbs, William (146). 
 
 — Humphrey, 321. 
 
 — Christopher (913). 
 
 Giffard, Colonel, 193. 
 
 Giles, Mascal (972). 
 
 Gill, Alexander (337). 
 
 Goodwin, John (355). 
 
 — John and Robert (106). 
 
 Goodg, Thomas, 222, n. 
 
 Gookin, Vincent, 88, n.; 99, 100, 134, 
 136, 137. 143 - 
 
 Gordon, Gen. PatricTc, 134,11. 
 
 Gores, the, 151. 
 
 Gorman, Thomas, 368. 
 
 Gormanstown, 54. 
 
 Gormesdon, William (1342). 
 
 Goswell, John (983). 
 
 Gouge, Thomas (661). 
 
 Gough, James, 171. 
 
 — Thomas, 367. 
 
 Goulburn, Lieut., 223. 
 
 Gould, John, 87, n. 
 
 — James (1020). 
 
 — Isaacke (428). 
 
 Goulding, Nicholas, 212, n. 
 
 Gouing, John (1171). 
 
 Gower, Thomas, 394. 
 
 Gowrdon, John (41). 
 
 Grant, Henry (491). 
 
 Grace, Colonel Richard, 328. 
 
 Grady, Catherine, 375. 
 
 Graham, Hans, 257. 
 
 Grange, Walter, 368. 
 
 Grannow, Nathaniel (376). 
 
 Grant, Jasper, 299, n. ; 300, n. 
 Grantham, William (680). 
 
 Graves, William (350). 
 
 Graves, Richard (674). 
 
 Greatrex, Cornet, 322. 
 
 Greenhill, William (1277), (705). 
 Greenoway, Henry, 147, n. 
 
 Greensmith, John, 240, n. (844). 
 
 — Paul (1346). 
 
 Greenwell, Robert (538). 
 
 Gregson, George (292). 
 
 Gregson, Nicholas (293). 
 
 — Thomas, 320. 
 
 Grey, Lord Leonard, 190, n. 
 
 — J., 192, n. 
 
 Grey, Dr. Zachary, 318, n. 
 
 Griffin, Edward, 310, n. 
 
 Grocer, John (883). 
 
 Grove, Hugh (179), (1207). 
 
 Guidobald, Don, 99, n. 
 
 Gulson, Henry (671). 
 
 Gumbleton, Richard, 222, n. 
 
 Gunn, John, 255. 
 
 Gunston, William (730). 
 
 Guxton, John (1235). 
 
 Guy, Thomas, 398. 
 
 Haddilove, Richard, 392. 
 
 Hagh, Teige, 376. 
 
 Hagerty, Donogh, 320. 
 
 Hainault, Count of, 4. 
 
 Hales, Robert (566). 
 
 Hale, Sir Edward (104). 
 
 Holiday, Charles, 214, n.; 274, n. 
 
 Hall, Thomas (234). 
 
 — John, 389. 
 
 — Nathaniel (516). 
 
 — Godfrey (748). 
 
 Hallows, Nathaniel (4). 
 
 Halpin, Dermod, 370. 
 
 Halsey, Justice, 170, 171, 173, 175, 
 
 275, n- 
 
 Hamerton, Lady Mary, 105. 
 
 Hamilton, Sir George, 98, 168. 
 
 Hamon, Robert, 393, 400. 
 
 Hammond, Mr. Robert, 243, n. 
 Hampden, John (44). 
 
 Hampson, Henry (610). 
 
 Hampston, William (616). 
 
 Hampton, Thomas (725). 
 
 Hanwell, Henry, 253, n. 
 
 Harcourt, Sir Simon, 57. 
 
 Eardiman, James, 33, n.; 304, n. 
 Hardinge, W. H., 80, n. 
 
 Harding, Alice, (636). 
 
 — Giles (634). 
 
 — Thomas (633), {1138). 
 
 Hardening, William (635). 
 
 Hardy, Nathaniel (959). 
 
 Hardy, T. D., 18, n. 
 
 Harlnett, Samuel (805). 
 
 Harmon, Richard (27). 
 
 Hanley, Joseph, 241, 223, n.; 24, n. 
 Hasley, Sir Thomas, 376. 
 
 — Mary, 376. 
 
 Harsuett, Samuel (1252). 
 
 Harrington, Lady Jane (870), 
 
 — John (i 102). 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 505 
 
 Harrington, James (873). 
 
 — William (874). 
 
 Harris,-, 42, n., 47, n. 
 
 — John (821), (1304). 
 
 — Thomas (533), (545). 
 
 Harrison, Mr., 249. 
 
 — William (99), (560). 
 
 — Edmond (630). 
 
 — Sir John (98). 
 
 Harryman, VVilliam (181). 
 
 Hart, John, 394, 
 
 Harte, George, 225, n. 
 
 — Amuel (1025). 
 
 — Samuel ("193). 
 
 — Sarah (594). 
 
 Hartford, Heretage (1046). 
 
 Hartle, Samuel, 248, n. 
 
 Harwell, Henry (744). 
 
 Harvy, Captain Edmond (1214). 
 Hastings, Henry (339). 
 
 Halt, John (330). 
 
 — Simon, 195, n. 
 
 — Martha, 195, n. 
 
 Hatton, Thomas (760). 
 
 Haughton, Robert (727). 
 
 Haule, George (562). 
 
 Haward, Nicholas (370). 
 
 Hawes, John (259), 397. 
 
 Hawkes, Henry (915). 
 
 Hawking, William, 240, n. 
 
 Hawkins, William (709). 
 
 Hawsted, Laurence (154). 
 
 Hayden, Richard, 390. 
 
 Hayes, James (311)- 
 
 — Robert (542). 
 
 — James, 397. 
 
 Hazlewood, William 313, n. 
 
 Hazleburt, Peter (1083). 
 
 Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur (76), (i 195). 
 Hardiman, James, 302, n. 
 
 Heally, Margaret, 369. 
 
 — John, ib. 
 
 Heame, Jeremiah (739), (*232). 
 Heatliecocke, Grace (795). 
 
 Heathcoke, Grace, 396. 
 
 Heathcotte, William (577)- 
 Heather, William, 399 (964). 
 
 Helsham, Captain, 216. 
 
 Henley, George (569), (1029). 
 
 — Robert (570). 
 
 Henman, William (56). 
 
 Henrv II., i, 6, n. ; 9, 17, 28. 
 
 — III., 28. 
 
 — VI., 23, 37, n. 
 
 — Vlll., to, n.; 28, 30, n. ; 31, n. ; 
 
 36. 37 - 
 
 — IV. of France, 87. 
 
 Henson, Edward (763). 
 
 Henery, Daniel, 366. 
 
 Henry, brother of Earl of Inchiquin, 
 166. 
 
 Herbert, Thomas, 285, 379. 
 
 Here, Mathew, 364. 
 
 — Martin, ib. 
 
 Herne, Jeremiah (338). 
 
 Herrage, Thomas (535). 
 
 Herring, Nicholas, 396. 
 
 — William (843). 
 
 — Michael (1312). 
 
 Hetherington, Mr. Edward, 133. 
 Heveningham, Mr., 253, n. 
 Hevenginham, William (22), (23). 
 Hewson, Colonel, 78, i6o, 108, 280, 
 
 207, n.; 386, 334, 333, 338. 
 Hiccocke, William (1320), (933). 
 Hickey, Mr. Galatius, 132. 
 
 Hickman, Henry (340). 
 
 Hicks, Thomas, 93, n. 
 
 Highgate, Captain, 216. 
 
 Higgins, John (884). 
 
 —- Richard (929). 
 
 Hildesley, Mark C356). 
 
 Hill, Richard C 54 ‘)' 
 
 — Roger (i 168). 
 
 — Sir William, 209, n. 
 
 — William, 222, n. 
 
 — Rowland, 389, 390. 
 
 — Simon, 332, n. 
 
 — Richard, 394, (1336). 
 
 — Thomas, 321. 
 
 Hincham, Captain, 218. 
 
 Hinde, John (373). 
 
 Hippesley, Edward (1108). 
 
 — Thomas (1103). 
 
 — Richard (1107). 
 
 — John (i128). 
 
 Hitchcock, William (33). 
 
 Hoare, Robert (998). 
 
 — Mr., 173. 
 
 — Capt.-Lieut., 232, n. 
 
 — William (687). 
 
 Hobbert, Sir John, 1037. 
 
 Hobson, William (691), (931). 
 
 Hodilow, John (433). 
 
 — Richard (436). 
 
 Ilodder, Colonel John, 192, n. 
 
 Hodges, Thomas (327). 
 
 Hodgson, Edward (643). 
 
 Hodnett, Margaret, 368. 
 
 — William, 367, 368. 
 
 Ilolcroft, Charles, 147, n. 
 
 Holland, Cornelius (96). 
 
 — Lord, 48. 
 
 — John (163). 
 
5o6 index of names. 
 
 Holman, Robert (615). 
 
 — Jeoffrey (617)- 
 Holmes, Captain, 216. 
 
 Hounor, John (713). 
 
 Honnywood, William (845). 
 
 Hooker, Thomas, 178. 
 
 Hoolahan, Thomas, 68, n. 
 
 Hopping, Charles (974). 
 
 Horace, 197, n. 
 
 Hore, Edmund, 363. 
 
 — John, 363, 364. 
 
 — Bridget, 363. 
 
 — Luke, 299, n.; 300, n. 
 
 — Mary, 363. 
 
 — Margaret, 363. 
 
 — Mathew, 363. 
 
 — Patrick, 364. 
 
 — Philip, 185. 
 
 — Molly, 185. 
 
 — Michael, 367. 
 
 Hotham, Sir John, 65. 
 
 Hotchkiss, Thomas (1143). 
 
 Houghton, Robert (1281). 
 
 House, Thomas (270). 
 
 How, Thomas (218). 
 
 Howard, 24, n. 
 
 — Nicholas, 397. 
 
 Howell, 6, n.; 40, n. 
 
 — William, 172. 
 
 — Hogan (605), (1262). 
 
 Hoyle, Thomas (128). 
 
 Hoxton, John (216). 
 
 Hubbard, William (746). 
 
 Hubbert, Mary, 399. 
 
 Hublon, James (274), (275). 
 
 — Peter (279). 
 
 Hiidibras, 118, n.; 328, n. 
 
 Hudson, George (460). 
 
 ■— Peter (817). 
 
 — Thomas (903). 
 
 Hughes, George (721). 
 
 Hugh, James, 212, n. 
 
 Hukins, William (1278). 
 
 Hull, Richard (168). 
 
 Humphreys, John (943). 
 
 — Nathaniel (461). 
 
 Hunt, Richard (229), (830), (1212). 
 Hunter, John, 397 (479). 
 
 Hurley, Sir Morish, 375, 376. 
 
 Hurley, Elizabeth. 376. 
 
 — Dame Lettice, 376. 
 
 Hurste, John (466). 
 
 Huson, Colonel, 232, n. 
 
 Hussey, Thomas (505), (1327). (' 250 - 
 
 — William (1176). 
 
 Hutchinson, Alderman, 132. 
 
 — Deputie, 240, n. 
 
 Hutchinson, Richard, 393 (825), (1306). 
 Hutchins, Thomas (544). 
 
 Hyland, Samuel (955). 
 
 Hynane, John, 369. 
 
 Ibbetson, Robert, 141, n. 
 
 Ikerrin, Pierce Lord Viscount, 105, 112, 
 180, i8i, 182, 381. 
 
 — Lady of, 180, 181, 382. 
 
 Inchiquin, Earl of, 100, 166, 167, n. ; 
 
 168, 170, 189, n.; 191, 192, 283. 
 Ingoldsby, Colonel Henry, 90, 98, 121, 
 149, 215, 216, 279. 
 
 Ingram, the Lady, 393. 
 
 Irens, Richard (296). 
 
 — Thomas (295). 
 
 Ireton, Lord Deputy, 114, 124, n.; 
 190, n. ; 230, 234, n. ; 261, 298, 
 3 ' 7 - 
 
 Irwin, Alexander, 212, n. 
 
 Isaacke, Nicholas (894), (1319). 
 
 Ivatt, Thomas (900). 
 
 Iveagh, Lord, 328. 
 
 Ivery, Samuel (595). 
 
 Ivorie, Capt., 216. 
 
 Irvin, Captain, 216. 
 
 Jackson, Abraham (189). 
 
 — Alexander (150). 
 
 — Thomas, 392 (836). 
 
 James L, 16, 23, n.; 39, 40, 41, 43, n. : 
 47 > 48, 50. 5 L 73 > 154. 247, n. ; 
 232. 
 
 Jaques, Lieut., 344. 
 
 — Joseph, 395 (895). 
 
 Jeffreys, John (459). 
 
 Jenkins, Moyses (383). 
 
 — Moses (1234). 
 
 Jenner, Thomas (1177). 
 
 Jenny, Christopher (511)- 
 
 — William (509). 
 
 Jeoffries, Robert, 196. 
 
 Jephson, Major-General, 279, 160. 
 
 — William, 162. 
 
 — Major Alexander, 267, n. 
 
 Jesson, John (127). 
 
 — William (788). 
 
 Jones, John, 276, n. 
 
 — Christopher, 212, n.; 54, 61, n. 
 
 — Dr. Henry, 123, 315. 
 
 — Major Henry, 344. 
 
 — James, 209, n. 
 
 — John, 97, n. ; no, n.; 208, n. ; 319. 
 n. ; 382, n.; 382, 383. 
 
 — Colonel, i8q, 33;. 
 
 — Lieut.-Col., 218. 
 
 — Corporal John, 2 \2, n. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 507 
 
 Jones, Captain Lewis, 212, n. 
 
 — Col. Michael, 188, 274, 315, 334. 
 
 — Richard, 212, n. 
 
 — Alexander (467). 
 
 — John (861). 
 
 — Owen (301). 
 
 Johnson, William, 222, n. 
 
 — Thomas (1078). 
 
 — John (1095), 91. 
 
 Jordan, Captain, 218. 
 
 — Lidiagh (1030). 
 
 Joseph, Robert (450). 
 
 Jurin, Abraham (431). 
 
 — Isaacfc (430). 
 
 — John (429), (1238). 
 
 Juxton, Arthur C 4 io)- 
 
 — John (411). 
 
 — Thomas (412). 
 
 Kavanagh, Major Charles, 345, 346. 
 Keane, John, 370. 
 
 Kearney, James, 320, n. 
 
 — Mary, 373. 
 
 King, Nath. (653). 
 
 Kedderminster, Edward (456). 
 
 Keeffe, Daniel, 225, n. 
 
 Keegan, Robert, 338. 
 
 Kellj's, the, 302. 
 
 Kelly, Laughlin, 343. 
 
 — Thomas, 364. 
 
 — Edmond, 364. 
 
 Kenagh, Murtagh, 368. 
 
 Kendrick, Alderman John, 393. 
 
 — John (453). 
 
 Kennedy, W., 336, n. 
 
 — Daniel, 343. 
 
 — John, 367. 
 
 Kenny, Anne, 367. 
 
 — William, 367. 
 
 — Sara n}’, 376. 
 
 Kentish, Thomas (770). 
 
 Kernane, Thomas, 366. 
 
 Kerroan, Richard, 112. 
 
 Kill)y, Thomas (271). 
 
 Kildare, Earls of, 20, n. ; 28, 37, 38, 
 41. 
 
 — Marquis of, 20, n. ; 41, n. 
 
 Kilmore, Bishop of, 320. 
 
 King, Robert, 162. 
 
 — Sir Robert, 160. 
 
 — Major John, 212, n. 
 
 — Major, 218. 
 
 King, Benjamin (266). 
 
 — I)r. John (147). 
 
 — John (224), (476), (774). (1135), 
 
 — riionias (862). 
 
 King, Margaret (939). 
 
 Kirkfoot, John, 222, n. 
 
 Kingston, Lord, 297, n. 
 
 — A., 402, n. 
 
 .—• Helix (627). 
 
 Kinsellagh, Gerald, 346. 
 
 Kinnage, Thomas, 396. 
 
 Kircombe, Robert, 397. 
 
 Kirkam, Robert (345). 
 
 Kirwan, Most Rev. Francis, 303, n. 
 Kettlebutler, Richard, 400, 393. 
 
 I Knapp, Nicholas (103). 
 
 Knight, Christopher (1026). 
 
 — John (965) (1079). 
 
 — Thomas (64), (71). 
 
 Knightley, William (1064). 
 
 Knowles, James (1047). 
 
 Keynes, John (872). 
 
 Lacey, Richard, 400 (692). 
 
 — Nathaniel, 400. 
 
 — Richard and Nath. (1276). 
 
 Lake, John (344), 396. 
 
 Lamb, Thomas (359). 
 
 Lanibelle, Gilbert, 393. 
 
 Lambell, Robert (596 j, (1259). 
 
 — Gilbert (792), (1287). 
 
 Lambert, Roger (424), 397. 
 
 — William (762), 397. 
 
 Lamott, John (202). 
 
 Lane, Thomas (14). 
 
 — Sir George, 316, n. 
 
 — Joane (17). 
 
 — John (506), (1252). 
 
 Langham, Samuel (470). 
 
 — Henry, 392. 
 
 Langley, Peter (764). 
 
 Langton, 286, n. 
 
 — Michael, 288. 
 
 — Nicholas, 289. 
 
 Le Poer, John fitz John fitz Robert, 
 296. 
 
 L’Archer, Friar John, 26, n. 
 
 Lascelles, Rowley, 135, n. 
 
 Lazinbye, Roger, 395 
 Lawrence, Colonel Miehard, 99, 318, 
 317, 316, 308, n.; 384, 349, n.; 379. 
 
 — Henry, 374. 
 
 Lazinly, Roger (864). 
 
 Lea, John (298), 365. 
 
 Leader, Richard (1325). 
 
 — Mr., 90, 91. 
 
 Lear, Roger, 392. 
 
 Leaver, Robert ( 1137). 
 
 Ledwiche, Richard, 209, n, 
 
 Lee, Nicholas, 299, n.; 300, n. 
 
 — Lee, William, 300, n. 
 
508 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Lee, Captaiu, 345, n. 
 
 — John (784). 
 
 — Captain Thomas, 3?2, n. 
 
 — Walter (6). 
 
 Leete, William (583). 
 
 Le Hunte, Colonel, 236. 
 
 — Richard, 258. 
 
 — Captain Peyton, 196. 
 
 Leigh, James, 343. 
 
 — Colonel W., 278. 
 
 — Colonel, 321. 
 
 Legatt, William (626). 
 
 Leuane, Robert, 375. 
 
 Lenihan, Ilautice, 279, n. ; 280, n. 
 Lenthall, Thomas (493). 
 
 Lesley, Bishop of Raphoe, 51. 
 Levallyn, John, 171, 172. 
 
 — James, 171. 
 
 Levering, John (996). 
 
 Levitt, James (1050). 
 
 — William (367). 
 
 Lewellen, Robert (1241), (445). 
 Lewin, Daniel (754). 
 
 Lewis, Daniel (201). 
 
 — John, 222, n. 
 
 — Evan ap, 222, n. 
 
 Liddy, Mary iiy, 369. 
 
 LifFkens, Henry (522). 
 
 Ligh, Thomas (735). 
 
 Lilburn, Colonel, 228. 
 
 Lincoln, James, 299, n. ; 300, n. 
 
 — Thomas (881). 
 
 Ling, Joseph (512), 394. 
 
 Lipplate, Christopher, (530). 
 
 Lisle, John (47). 
 
 Litmaker, Edward (290). 
 
 Littler, Richard (812), (1296). 
 Littleton, Edward, Lord (134). 
 Lloyd, Arthur (641). 
 
 — Abigail, 389. 
 
 — Charles (554). 
 
 — Richard (388). 
 
 Locke, John (12;. 
 
 Lockier, Nicholas, 232. 
 
 Lode, Joan, 373. 
 
 Loftus, Dudley, 276, 381. 
 
 , — Sir Arthur, 283, n. 
 
 — Captain Adam, 343. 
 Londesborough, Lady, 260, n. 
 London, Chamber of (i 186). 
 
 London, Custom House of (1187). 
 Loue, William (970). 
 
 Long, Walter (i 11 )' 
 
 — Col., 196. 
 
 — William (1115). 
 
 Lordell, John (432). 
 
 Lorraine, Adolphus, Duke of 331, n. 
 
 I Loupe, William (815), (1299). 
 
 Low, William (222). 
 
 Lowth, Dowager Lady, in, 379. 
 
 — Lady, 163. 
 
 Lorrard, John (1330). 
 
 Lorring, William (515). 
 
 Loton, Richard (334) 
 
 Loughall, Samuel (1244). 
 
 Lound, John and Ann, 398. 
 
 Loughlan, More ny, 371. 
 
 Lucas, Richard (379). 
 
 — John (660). 
 
 Ludlow, Col. Edward, 176, 177, 215, 
 216, 276, n. ; 293, 303, 319, n. 
 Lumley, Martin (92). 
 
 Lunnery, Simon, 391. 
 
 Luttrell, John, 340. 
 
 — Thomas, 108, 119. 
 
 Lynch, ff., 33, n. 
 
 Lynch, Itev. John, 52, n.; 303, n.; 
 
 347 - 
 
 Lynch, Peeter, 300, n. 
 
 Lynocks. Captain, 216. 
 
 Lyon, Thomas (781). 
 
 Maberly, Thomas (954). 
 
 Mac Gilmore, Ivor, 22, n. 
 MacGuthmund, Phillip, 22. 
 
 Macworth, Humphrey (1100). 
 
 Mac Otere, Maurice, 22. 
 
 Macomber, Tliomas (982). 
 
 Madden, Dr. Richard, 278. 
 
 Madox, 6, n. 
 
 Magrath, Edmond, 154, 382. 
 
 Magner, Ellen, 367. 
 
 Mallock, Richard (1023). 
 
 Maly, Shryiily, 375. 
 
 Mahony, Joan ny, 374. 
 
 Mahony, Any ny, 375. 
 
 Maltas, Robert (408). 
 
 Man, Thomas, and Sir Henry Row 
 (600). 
 
 — John, 395. 
 
 Manning, Mauria, 370. 
 
 Mannydowne, W. W. (631). 
 
 Manton, Nathaniel, 400. 
 
 — Mr., 243, n. 
 
 Mappe, Garrett, 208, n. 
 
 Markham, Colonel, iii, n. 
 
 — Captain, 218. 
 
 — H., 178. 
 
 Marlow, Michael (701). 
 
 Markworth, Humphrey, 253, n. 
 
 Margets, Thomas, 232, n. 
 
 Marriott, John, 253, n. 
 
 Mariott, John (252). 
 
 — Thomas (253). 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 509 
 
 Marryot, John and Sam. Cooper (1215). 
 Marshall, J. (987). 
 
 Martel, Philip, 167. 
 
 Martin, Henry (i 15). 
 
 — Janies (553). 
 
 — John (385). 
 
 — Richard, 302. 
 
 Martimere, John (858). 
 
 Mashani, Sir William (91). 
 
 Massey, Robert {1052). 
 
 Mastall, John (313). 
 
 Mathew, Roger (133). 
 
 Mathews, George, 210, n. ; 216, 223, n. 
 
 — Lieutenant Christopher, 224, n. ; 
 225, n. 
 
 — Joan, widdow (349). 
 
 — Thomas, 396. 
 
 — James, 3 16. 
 
 Mathies, Robert, 399, 
 
 Mathew, Roger (891). 
 
 — Thomas (1016). 
 
 May, Thomas(i 173). 
 
 Maynard, John (571). 
 
 Mayne, Richard (997). 
 
 Mayo, Viscountess, 163. 
 
 — Col. Christopher, 87. 
 
 M'Brien, Terlagh, 376. 
 
 M'Carty, Donough, 370. 
 
 Meare, Barnabas (419). 
 
 M'Crowe, Donell, 372. 
 
 M<=Donagh, Dermond, 371. 
 
 M'Donnell, John, 372. 
 
 M<=Mahon, Daniel, 373. 
 
 Meagh, Patrick, 171. 
 
 Meade, William, 374. 
 
 Meaghlen, Hogan, 367. 
 
 M'Terlagh, Edmond, 332, n. 
 
 M'^Geown, Hugh, 321. 
 
 M'Gilraore, Ivor, 295. 
 
 — John, 295. 
 
 — Gerald, 296. 
 
 Meggot, George (935). 
 
 M<^Keogh, Teige, 374. 
 
 — Dermot, 374. 
 
 M'Kernan, Thomas, 320. 
 
 M'^Creagh, John, 368. 
 
 M'Guise, Martin, 177. 
 
 M'Gmorek, 331, n. 
 
 M'Melaghlin, Daniel, 374. 
 
 M'Mahon, Deormot, 372. 
 
 IPNamara, Honor, 104. 
 
 — Ann ny, 370. 
 
 M''Philip, John, 365. 
 
 M'^Shyder, Donnell, 374. 
 
 M^'Quien, Dermot, 373. 
 
 M'^Shane, Donogh, 376. 
 
 — William, 371. 
 
 M'Theige, Donnogh, 375. 
 
 M'^Terlagh, Murtagh, 373. 
 
 M'William, Morris, 310, n. 
 
 Meade, Thomas (738). 
 
 Measey, Michael (896). 
 
 Mehan, C. P., 303. n. ; 319, n. 
 Melhuish, Thomas (1282). 
 
 Mercer, Daniel (950), (1321). 
 
 Meredith, Walter, 74, n. 
 
 — William, 199, n. 
 
 Meregagh, James, 367. 
 
 Merideth, Edward (619). 
 
 — Christopher (484). 
 
 Merick, George, 373. 
 
 j Mernicke, Christopher (602). 
 j — John(758)._ 
 
 Mervyn, Captain, 62. 
 j Methould, William (853), (1314). 
 Michell, Edward {203). 
 
 Michelet, 4, n. 
 
 Mickletwait, Nathaniel (473). 
 Middleton, Simon, 399. 
 
 Milborne, Ellen, 240, n.; 241, 388. 
 
 — James, 225, n. ; 226, n. 
 
 — John, 240, n. 
 
 Miles, Gabril (160). 
 
 Mileston, Edward (161). 
 
 Miller, Abraham, 394. 
 
 — George (590). 
 
 Miller, Tempest (414). 
 
 Mills, Peter (608). 
 
 — Thomas (343). 
 
 — U., 336, n. 
 
 Minor, Ralph (834). 
 
 Mitchell, Edward (773). 
 
 Moane, Bryan, 368. 
 
 Molesworth, lion. Robert, 267, n. 
 Molins, William (251). 
 
 Monk, Colonel, 188, 189, 195. 
 
 — General, 237. 
 
 Montrose, 67, 68, n. 
 
 Moody, Samuel (174), (1204). 
 
 Moore, Thomas, 389, 390. 
 
 — Lord Viscount, 156, n. 
 
 — Colonel William, 197. 
 
 — Mrs. Dorothy (712). 
 
 — Giles (999), 391. 
 
 Moran, Rev. Dr. Patrick F., 315, 
 
 316, n ; 320, n. 
 
 Moreton, William, 262, n. 
 
 Morgan, Captain Thomas, 91. 
 
 — Major, 123, 308, 311, 345, 320. 
 
 — Valentine, 300, n. 
 
 — Captain, 216. 
 
 Morison, F. Maurice, 90, 99, n. 
 Morrin, James, 11, n. ; 296, n. 
 
 Morris, John (905). 
 
510 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Morgan, Anthony (6S9). 
 
 Morley, Herbert (49). 
 
 — Sir William (118). 
 
 Morrall, Richard (148). 
 
 Morris, Hugh (208). 
 
 — Captain, 220. 
 
 — Dame Katherine, 105. 
 
 Morison, Friar Maurice, 185, n. 
 Morrissee, William, 365. 
 
 Morrochar, Murtagh, 364. 
 
 Mortimer, Sergeant, 157, 181, 287, n. 
 Morton, Elizabeth (938). 
 
 — Thomas (471). 
 
 — Ellice, 224, n. 
 
 Mosyer, John, 398. 
 
 Mosia, John (1163). 
 
 Mounson, William, Lord (1157). 
 Mountjoy, Lord, 353. 
 
 Mould, Captain, 218. 
 
 Mountgarret, Lord, 179, 275, 328. 
 Mountagne, William (380). 
 
 Mountney, Richard (336). 
 
 Mountjoy, Lord, 76. 
 
 Mountrath, Earl of, 152,0. 
 
 Moutrey, Cornelius and Stephen (i 230). 
 Mourye, Daniel, 367. 
 
 Moyer, Samuel (213), (1210). 
 Mulcahy, Ellen, 366. 
 
 — Daniel, 344 
 
 — Margaret, 366. 
 
 — Giles, 366. 
 
 — Donagh, 366. 
 
 — Ellinor, 366. 
 
 Mullony, Mahowne, 373. 
 
 Mulriau, John, 373. 
 
 Mulrery, Morish, 366. 
 
 Mulshinogue, Dr. Anthony, 279. 
 Mumford, Sir Edward (26). 
 
 Munro, General, 69, 80. 
 
 Munckton, Ensign Michael, 193, n. 
 Murphy, Edmund, 353, n. 
 
 Murcot, Mr. John, 131. 
 
 Murrow, James, 171. 
 
 Murphy, James, 364. 
 
 Musketry, Lord, 87, 87, n. ; 328. 
 Mynn, Colonel, 166. 
 
 Mytton, Colonel, 67. 
 
 Munday, Thomas, (iiii). 
 
 Murdocke, Jo.seph (852). 
 
 Musgrave Philip, 391. 
 
 Musgrave, Philip (979). 
 
 — William, 978. 
 
 Mahon, Dr., 59, 312, n. 
 
 Nagle, John, 365. 
 
 Napier, 68, n. 
 
 Napper, Captain, 216. 
 
 Nashe, Widow, 232, n. 
 
 Neal, Simon, 333, n. 
 
 — Neal, John, 369. 
 
 Nelson, Colonel, 132. 
 
 — John, 199, n. 
 
 — Lieut.-Colonel, 345. 
 
 Newman, Francis (7). 
 
 Nethuish, Thomas (728). 
 
 Netterville, Patrick, 116. 
 
 — Lady, i 19. 
 
 — Alson, 177. 
 
 — Father Christopher, 316. 
 
 Nettle, William (1017). 
 
 Nettleship, Hugh (260). 
 
 Newman, Francis (1189). 
 
 Newton, Richard (299). 
 
 Newtowne, Richard, 392. 
 
 Nichol, Richard (37). 
 
 Nicholls, Captain, 218. 
 
 Nicholson, Christopher (297). 
 
 — Christopher (357). 
 
 Nobbs, John (960). 
 
 Noble, Mark, 198, n. 
 
 Norris, Sir John, 87. 
 
 North, Dudley, 91. 
 
 — Martin, 397. 
 
 — Richard (i 118). 
 
 Norcott, Sir John (120). 
 
 — Samuel, 390. 
 
 — Joshua, 397. 
 
 Norton, Nicholas (947"). 
 
 Nosworthy, William (1033). 
 
 Nugent, Mr. Richard, 164. 
 
 — Father, 316, 318. 
 
 Nunn, Captain, 216. 
 
 Nutkins, William (700). 
 
 O’Boghan, Murtagh, 368. 
 
 O’Brien, Connor, 68. 
 
 — Derby, 366. 
 
 — Donagh, 367. 
 
 O’Bruoder, Daniel, 375. 
 
 O’Collane, John, 372. 
 
 — David, 372. 
 
 — Donell, 372. 
 
 O’Costigan, Dermott, 333, n. 
 
 O' Dahl, Friar Dominic Rosario, 319, n. 
 O’Derrig, Blind Donogh, or Doyle, 336. 
 O’Derrick, Donogh, 206, 243. 
 O’Doherty, Sir Cahir, 43. 
 
 O’ Donnell, Earl of Tyrconnell, 43. 
 O'Dovan, Connor, 314. 
 
 O' Donovan, John, 335, n. 
 
 O’Dullany, Donogh, 333, n. 
 
 O’Dwyer, Colonel Edmund, 312, n. 
 O’Farrelly, Daniel, 372. 
 
 O’Farrelly, Connor, 368. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 OfFelahan, Moria, 364. 
 
 O’Feraill, Donal M'Gerald, 47. 
 
 — of Clay rad, 47. 
 
 O’Felan, Doiiogh, 332, n. 
 
 O’fFeeld, John, 394. 
 
 Official, William (755). 
 
 Offernan, John, 366. 
 
 Offiey, Stephen (341). 
 
 O'Glassine, John, 376. 
 
 O'Glissane, Connor, 376. 
 
 O’Gripha, John, 371. 
 
 O’Gowan, Turlough, 321. 
 
 O’Hanlon, Art, 334, 355. 
 
 O’Hanlon, Redmond, 352, 553, 354. 
 O’Hara, Teig, 156, u. 
 
 O’Hea, Mahowne, 373. 
 
 O’Hugh, Philip (O’Neil), 112. 
 O’Hultarie, Donogh, 366. 
 
 O’Keeffe, Daniel, 353, n. 
 
 O’Keirnane, Connor, 366. 
 
 — Derraod, 366. 
 
 O’Kelly, Mary, 353, 354, n. 
 
 — John, 364, 366. 
 
 O’Kerwick, Donogh, 367. 
 
 Oldfield, John (237). 
 
 O’Meagher, Thomas, 332, n. 
 
 O’Aloane, Tiege, 368. 
 
 O’Morrissee, Morish, 364. 
 
 — John, 365. 
 
 — Margaret, 365. 
 
 O’Mullor, Mahon, 373. 
 
 O’Mulrooney, Connor, 23. 
 
 O’Neill, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, 41, 43, 
 76, 77 , n-, 87- 
 
 — Sir Phelim, 45, 56, 63, 64, 112. 
 
 — Owen, 274, 331, n. 
 
 — Philip, 258, 259. 
 
 Onslow, Sir Richard (116), 395. 
 
 O'Phelan, Daniel Ro, 332, n. 
 
 — Daniel, 367. 
 
 Orange, Prince of, 87. 
 
 Orchard, Thomas (191)- 
 
 Ormond, James, Duke of, 7, n.; 37, 40, 
 n.; 54. 57. 58, 62, n. ; 66, &c. 
 Ormsbys, the, 151. 
 
 Ormsby, Major, 152, 163, 218. 
 
 O’Rorke, Margaret, 2F, n. 
 
 Ossory, 68, n. 
 
 O’Sullivan, Bere, 52. 
 
 O’Terrine, Teige, 372. 
 
 O’Terny, Mehoune, 373. 
 
 O’Tuscan, William, 364. 
 
 Ottyer, Abraham (409). 
 
 Overing, Edward (499). 
 
 Overton, Henry (368). 
 
 Owen, Henry, 54. 
 
 — Philip (70). 
 
 ’ 
 
 Owen, Mathew (236). 
 
 — Thomas (255). 
 
 — Margaret ny, 371. 
 
 — Colonel Johiif 35^9. 
 
 — John (749), (1283). 
 
 Owfeild, Sir Sam (75), 
 
 Owener, Edward (889). 
 
 Parker, Antonj- (886). 
 
 Parsons, Sir John, 280. 
 
 Parret, John (547). 
 
 Parris, Thomas (988). 
 
 Parsons, Francis (324). 
 
 — Henry (1003), (1014). 
 
 Pate, Thomas (501). 
 
 Partheridge, Sir Edward (i 19). 
 Partridge, Alexander (449). 
 
 Parry, Nicholas (238). 
 
 Patrick, Baron ofLixnaw’s son, 31, n. 
 Packenham, Captain, 216. 
 
 Packer, John (87). 
 
 Page, Thomas (31). 
 
 — Mary, 390. 
 
 — William (706). 
 
 — Edmund (1148). 
 
 Padle, Thomas, 222, n. 
 
 Paine, George (868). 
 
 Pallin, John (448). 
 
 Paris, Henry, 368. 
 
 Palentine, Thomas (39). 
 
 Palmer, Devereux (793). 
 
 Panter, John (372). 
 
 Pargiter, Thomas (ii). 
 
 Parker, Mr., 252, n. 
 
 — Edward (787). 
 
 — George (496). 
 
 — Gregory (597). 
 
 — John (,183), (584), (1069). 
 
 — John and Charles (1179). 
 Parkhurst, John (i 162). 
 
 — Sir Robert (46). 
 
 Parker, Sarah (497). 
 
 Pay, John (1015). 
 
 Payton, Sir Thomas (1074). 
 
 Peacock, Lawrence, 393. 
 
 — William (i 141). 
 
 — Laurence (1154). 
 
 Peake, William (766). 
 
 Pearce, Thomas (1012). 
 
 Pearson, Robert (926). 
 
 Pedder, Mathew (65). 
 
 Peel, Sir Robert, 306, n. 
 
 Peers, Edmund (573). 
 
 Peisley, Major, 254. 
 
 Pelham, Captain, 218. 
 
 Penn, Admiral, 92. 
 
 Penington, Isaacke (113). 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 512 
 
 Peiinoyer, Sam. (1229). 
 
 — William (1228). 
 
 Pennyfather, Captain, 216. 
 
 Pepys, Richard, 206, n. 
 
 — Chief Justice, 320. 
 
 Perket, William (723). 
 
 Pearce, Samuel (1357). 
 
 Pembrooke, Philip, Earl of (135). 
 
 Perry, John (558), (1253). 
 
 Pettit, Henry (609). 
 
 Petty, Sir IFif/iam, 44, n.; 79, n.; 88, 
 n. ; 182, 199, u.; 201, n. ; 225, 206, 
 207, n. ; 220, n.; 224, 225, 226, n.; 
 234. n.; 235, n. 
 
 Peymoyer, William (332). 
 
 Phair, Colonel, 216. 
 
 Phaire, Colonel Robert, 130, 197, n.; 
 211, 199, n. 
 
 Pheasant, Jasper (180). 
 
 — Stephen (750). 
 
 Phillips, James, 397. 
 
 — Thomas (785). 
 
 Pickering, Sir Gilbert (108). 
 
 Piers, Captain Edward, 311. 
 
 Pierce, Robert, 320. 
 
 Pearce, Joshua and Caleb, 390. 
 
 Pigott, Richard (1332). 
 
 Pike, Edmund (263). 
 
 Pitches, Lambert (1356). 
 
 Pitts, John, 258. 
 
 Pirn, John (i), (67). 
 
 Pinn, Samuel (928). 
 
 Pinchion, Lieut.-Colonel, 216. 
 
 Finer, John, 222, n. 
 
 Pinner, Edward (221). 
 
 Pirquett, John, 365. 
 
 — Robert, 365. 
 
 Pitt, John (1031). 
 
 Pitcher, William (737). 
 
 Pitts, John, 392. 
 
 — Benjamin (1113). 
 
 Platt, Jane, 224, n. 
 
 — George, 224, n. 
 
 Player, John (1180), 394. 
 
 — Thomas (849). 
 
 Plinius, G. secundus, 3. 
 
 Plucknett, George (743). 
 
 Plunket, Sir Nicholas, 151, n. ; 33, n. ; 
 
 300, n. ; 301. 
 
 Plunket, Nicholas, 68, n. 
 
 — Oliver, 315, n. ; 316, n. ; 320, n. 
 
 — Robert, 112. 
 
 — Cicely, 113. 
 
 — of Balrath, 209, n. 
 
 — of Castle, 208, n. 
 
 — Christoper, 209, n. 
 
 — Father Christopher, 330, n. 
 
 Plunket, Christopher, 331, n. 
 
 Plutarch, 40, n.; 284, n. 
 
 Poer, Colonel, 352. 
 
 Polsted, Henry (205). 
 
 Polsteed, Henry, 211. 
 
 Poole, Perryam (1019). 
 
 Polybius, ri, N. 
 
 Poole, Sir John (1008). 
 
 Poore, Walter, 300, n. 
 
 Pordage, John (230). 
 
 Porter, Richard (642), (1263). 
 Popeham, Alexander, 394. 
 
 Porter, Blatthew, 299, n. ; 300, n. 
 Poulet, Colonel, 166. 
 
 Pott, Edmund (16). 
 
 Potts, Sir John (2). 
 
 Potter, Benjamin (695). 
 
 Poulter, John (40). 
 
 Powell, Hugh, 232, n. 
 
 Power, John, Lord Baron, in. 
 
 Powel, Evan, 320. 
 
 Power, Richard, 297. 
 
 — Nicholas, 344, 364. 
 
 _ Philip, 365. 
 
 — Thomas, 365. 
 
 — Walter, 364. 
 
 — James, 367. 
 
 — John, 368. 
 
 Povey, Baron, 68. 
 
 Powyse, Derby, 365. 
 
 Poyntz, Sir John, 254. 
 
 Popham, Sir Francis (iioi). 
 
 Powell, George (1169). 
 
 Prendergast, Ellen, 366. 
 
 Prendergast, John P.. 291, n. 
 
 — Maurice, 321. 
 
 — Sir Thomas, 263, n. 
 
 Prestly William (1144). 
 
 Preswick, Mrs. Jane, 281, n. ; 282, n. 
 Preston, 124, n. 
 
 — General, 298. 
 
 Prettie, Colonel, 131, 206, n.; 215 
 218, 225, n. ; 345. 
 
 — Perry Grine (510), 394. 
 
 Priaulke, William (539). 
 
 Price, Walter (1134). 
 
 — George (1038). 
 
 — Robert, 392. 
 
 Prim, John G. A., 286, n.; 289, n. 
 Prince, Thomas (1224). 
 
 — Peter (316), (1223). 
 
 Proctor, Henry (366). 
 
 Protector, the Lord, 114, 134, 181 
 182, n.; 190, 193, 218, 237, 248, 303 
 Pryer, George (771). 
 
 Puller, Abraham (834). 
 
 Punchy, John, 374. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 513 
 
 Purcell, Philip, 69, 152. 
 
 Fury, Thomas (893). 
 
 Pye, Sir Robert (19). 
 
 Pyne, Henry, 125, n. 
 
 Pye, Mr., 253, n. 
 
 Pynnar, Nicholas, 42, n. ; 55, n. 
 Pyrrhus, 2. 
 
 Quien, Margaret ny, 376. 
 
 Quin, Mary, 304. 
 
 — Mathew, 304. 
 
 Quiny, Richard (741), 253, n. 
 
 RadclifFe, Peter, 392. 
 
 — Hugh, 392. 
 
 — Anthony, 399. 
 
 Raie, George (194). 
 
 Rainsborough, Thomas and William 
 
 (715), (1280). 
 
 Rand, James (51). 
 
 Randall, Thomas (426). 
 
 Randolph, Tobias (963). 
 
 Ratcliff, Hugh (5). 
 
 — Anthony (63). 
 
 — Peter (1001). 
 
 Rathband, William (663). 
 
 Rayment, John (447). 
 
 Raymoun, John, 395. 
 
 Reade, John (961). 
 
 Read, Dr. Samuel (657). 
 
 — Ellis (1028). 
 
 Redferne, John (1049). 
 
 Redmon, Nicholas Geraldin, 300, n. 
 Redmond, Major, 343. 
 
 Reene, Godfrey (287). 
 
 Regiment, Ahasuerus, 390. 
 
 Regmerter, Dr. Ahasuerus (169). 
 Reginald the Dane, 296. 
 
 Rendall, William (848). 
 
 Risby, William (212). 
 
 Reynold, William (165). 
 
 Reynolds, John (307). 
 
 — Sir John, 198. 
 
 Reynell, Richard, 158, n. 
 
 Reynolds, Commissary-General John, 
 
 189, n. ; 218, 384. 
 
 Reynold, Robert (1192). 
 
 — John (971). 
 
 Reynolds, Anthony (i 131). 
 
 Reynolds, Robert (18). 
 
 Rich, Darnahy, 314. 
 
 Richard II., 30, 52, n. ; 247. 
 
 Richards, Colonel Solomon, 157,233, n. 
 
 368. 
 
 — Captain, 216. 
 
 — Thomas (842). 
 
 Richardson, Thomas, in, n. 
 
 — Major, 218. 
 
 — William, 393. 
 
 Richardson, Richard (378). 
 
 — William (613). 
 
 Ridgeo, William (319), 390. 
 
 — Alderman, 389, 399. 
 
 Roach, Henry (1272). 
 
 Robins, Elisha (1267). 
 
 Robbias, William (1120). 
 
 Roberts, Sir Walter (1130)- 
 — Edward, 119, n. 
 
 — Charles, 389. 
 j — Elias, 400. 
 
 ; Robins, Robert (543^. 
 j Robinson, Mr., no. 
 
 I — Justice, 24, n. 
 
 , Robrough, Henry (1348). 
 i Roch, William, 364. 
 
 [ — Colonel David, 328. 
 
 — Ellen, 376. 
 
 — Morish, 365. 
 
 Roche, Lord, 164, 182, 183, 184, 194, 
 361, 339 - 
 
 — Viscountess, 183. 
 
 — Anstace, 340, n. 
 
 — David, 368. 
 
 — Kate, 339, 340, n. 
 
 — Christian, 339. 
 
 — John, 339, 340, n. 
 
 — Jordan, 359, 340, n. 
 
 — Ellen, 374. 
 
 — Lucie (623). 
 
 Rochfort, of Kilbride, 208, n. 
 
 Rodbeard, Thomas (648), (1265). 
 Rogers, Richard (310), (1222). 
 
 — William, 393. 
 
 — Richard, 397. 
 
 — Francis (loi). 
 
 — Humphrey (1097). 
 
 — William (621). 
 
 — Thomas (195), (394)- 
 j Role, John (93). 
 
 — Sir Samuel (43). 
 
 Ronayne, James, 366. 
 
 — Morish, 366. 
 
 Rooth, Patrick, 70. 
 
 Roles, Samuel, 252, n. 
 
 ’ — John, 252, n. 
 
 Rose, John, 113. 
 
 \ Roswell, Sir Henry (902> 
 
 Rosswell, Anthony (772). 
 
 I Roth, Patrick, 171. 
 
 Rothe, 314, n. 
 
 Rothe, Sir Robert, 293. 
 
 Rothwell, John (399). 
 
 Round, Thomas (196). 
 
 I —John (197). 
 i Rovins, Elisha (650). 
 
 ’ Row, Sir Henry and Thomas Man (600). 
 
 2 L 
 
514 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Kow, Thoitias (808). 
 
 Roulston, Robert (1326). 
 
 Rowlestone, Lieut. Francis, 343, 346, 
 Royley, Theophilus (1344). 
 
 Rue, David, 225, n. 
 
 Rumney, Samuel (1156). 
 
 Rusbley, Jeremy (925). 
 
 Russell, Patrick, 365, 
 
 — Sir W. 352. 
 
 — John (968). 
 
 — Mary, 365. 
 
 — Sir Francis, 198, n. 
 
 Rulhorne, Joseph, 394. 
 
 Rutton, Matthew, 390. 
 
 Rutler, Robert, 222, n. 
 
 Ryan, Daniel, 210, n. 
 
 Ryan, Dermod, 343, 337. 
 liymer, 14, n. 
 
 Rushworth, /\f%, n. ; 72, 74, n.; 227, n. ; 
 311, n. 
 
 Sadler, John (742), 253, n. 
 
 Sadleir, Col. Thomas, 119, 130, 132, 
 145, 163, 218, 305, n. ; 325, n. 
 Sadler, George (382). 
 
 Sainthill, see St. Hill, Peter (899). 
 Sallwey, Richard (156). 
 
 Salmon, Henry ( 1117). 
 
 Samon, John, 222, n. 
 
 Samuell, Rowland, 262, n. 
 
 Sanders, Laurence ( 730 . 
 
 Sandon, John (916). 
 
 Sands, Lieutenant, 132. 
 
 Sankey, Colonel Hierome, 147, 160, 
 162, 182, 218, 237, 238, 392, 393. 
 Santhy, 275, n. 
 
 Sarsfield, Dominick, 171. 
 
 — Chief Justice, 280. 
 
 Savin, Edward (780). 
 
 — John (775). 
 
 Saunders, Colonel, 317. 
 
 Scarlett, Israel (5 81). 
 
 Scott, Francis (323). 
 
 — George (601). 
 
 — Sir Edward (1071)- 
 
 — Lawrence, 222, n. 
 
 — Lieut.-Colonel, 231. 
 
 — Richard, 390. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter, 88, n. 
 
 Seager, John (994). 
 
 — John (976), 391. 
 
 Seagrave, Captain, 218. 
 
 Seale, William (291). 
 
 Seare, Robert (639). 
 
 Searle, Christopher (957), (1322). 
 
 — John (loi i). 
 
 — Robert (1004). 
 
 Searle William (1005). 
 
 Sedgewich, Stephen (722). 
 
 Seed, John, 393, (586). 
 
 Seignejurall, George (285). 
 
 Selliok, Mr., 90, 91. 
 
 Sentleger, 10, n. 
 
 Sexton, Sir George, 280. 
 
 Shaffe, William, 343. 
 
 Shakspeare, Mary (678). 
 
 — Mai'garet, 396. 
 
 Shane, Thomas, 366. 
 
 Sheares, William, 396. 
 
 Sheen, Sir James, 402. 
 
 Shepcott, Anne, 390. 
 
 Shaw, Captain, 11 r, n. 
 
 Sheafe, Edmund, (698). 
 
 Sheares, William (1088). 
 
 ShefEeld, Sampson (157), (1203). 
 Sheppard, William (942). 
 
 — Major Samuel, 212, 216, 236. 
 
 — Thomas, 322. 
 
 Sheppy, William (525'). 
 
 Sherbrooke, Richard (54). 
 
 Sherlock, Sir Thomas, 274, 275, n. 
 
 — Paul, 275, n. 
 
 — William (302). 
 
 Shee, Richard, 292, 301, n. 
 
 Shea, Dermot, 373. 
 
 Shenee, Honnora ny, 373. 
 
 Shiel, William, 321. 
 
 Shingler, Richard (433). 
 
 Shorne, Major David, 344. 
 
 Shortt, Sarah, 390. 
 
 Shortal, Mr. Thomas, 164. 
 
 Sburtis, Robert (i 149). 
 
 Shute, Thomas (1121). 
 
 — Richard (437), (1239). 
 Shuttleworth, Richard (126). 
 
 Sibley, John (1159). 
 
 — Joseph (369). 
 
 — Solomon (620). 
 
 Sidney, Sir Henry, 31, n. 
 
 Silloby, Mary (1353). 
 
 Silver, Mr., 171, 172, 173. 
 
 Simpson, Mathew (703). 
 
 Skinner, Augustine (131). 
 
 — Captain, 216. 
 
 Skippon, Major-General Philip (824), 
 
 (1305)- 
 
 Skippon, Colonel, 228. 
 
 Skrimshawe, William, 397. 
 
 Slaiie, Lord, 34. 
 
 Sleigh, Edmond (242). 
 
 — Edmd. and Captain Edmd. Harvy 
 (1214). 
 
 Smiter, William (917). 
 
 Smith, Major Bran, 123 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 515 
 
 Smith, Edward (281). 
 
 — Ephraim (1055). 
 
 — Erasmus, 395. 
 
 — Francis (158). 
 
 — James (565). 
 
 — Henry (871), (1087). 
 
 — John (468), 154, n.; 157. 
 
 — Town-Major John, 193. 
 
 — Joseph (582). 
 
 — Katlierin (846). 
 
 — Sir Piercy, 913. 
 
 — Richard and John (614). 
 
 — Robert and Richard (1248). 
 
 — Sir Roger (1086). 
 
 — Robert Richard (489). 
 
 — Thomas (219), 222, n. 
 
 — Symon (365). 
 
 — Mr. Edward, 146. 
 
 Snell, George (387), 389. 
 
 Snelling, George (906), (1286). 
 
 — John (455). 
 
 Snow, Thomas (364). 
 
 — John (782). 
 
 Snytall, Edmund (993). 
 
 Soame, Dame Elizabeth (628). 
 
 — John, 396. 
 
 — Sir Thomas (60). 
 
 Solsted, John (159). 
 
 Somer, 232, n. 
 
 South, George (517). 
 
 Southwell, Mr. Robert, 172. 
 
 Sowden, John (1000). 
 
 Sparrow, John (175). 
 
 Speller, John (777). 
 
 Spencer, Michael (524). 
 
 Spenser, Edmund, i, n.; 14, n.; 15, 
 35-40, 76, 118, n.; 260, 116,313, 
 264, n.; 335, n. 
 
 — William, 116. 
 
 Spring, Edmund (1084). 
 
 — Mr. Edward, 132. 
 
 Springer, Anthony (786). 
 
 Springett, Thomas (966). 
 
 Spunner, Arthur, 320. 
 
 SpurstoD, William (50). 
 
 Squire, William, 390. 
 
 St. George, Captain, 218. 
 
 — George, 224, n. 
 
 Sugar, Christopher, 172. 
 
 St. George, Sir George, 225, n. 
 
 St. William, 320. 
 
 St. Hill, Peter (899). 
 
 St. John, Oliver (58). 
 
 St. Leger, Sir William, 154, 274. 
 
 St. Leger,Colonel, 166. 
 
 Stackhouse, Roger (325). 
 
 Stackpoole, Ignatius, 104. 
 
 Stackpoole, Katherine, 105. 
 
 Staine, Thomas (638). 
 
 Stane, W. (1329). 
 
 Stanihurst, 16, 35, n. 
 
 Stanley, Major Thomas, 132, 257, 
 320. 
 
 Starkey, Philip (170). 
 
 Starkey, Richard (632). 
 
 Starr, Bernard (984). 
 
 — George (800). 
 
 Starrshirrs, George, 398. 
 
 Staunton, Rev. Dr. Edmund (1044). 
 
 — Robert (1201). 
 
 Stedde, William (932). 
 
 Stedderman, George (ii 16). 
 
 Steele, John (347). 
 
 Steraing, John (806). 
 
 Stephens, Lieut.-Colouel, 209,0.; 210, 
 222, n. 
 
 Stephenson, John (306). 
 
 Stipe, John (442). 
 
 Stint, Thomas (1060). 
 
 Stork, Thomas, 394. 
 
 Stock, Thomas (495), (1249). 
 
 Stoker, John (1104). 
 
 Stone, John, 250, n. 
 
 — Thomas (328), (1226). 
 
 — Christabell (980). 
 
 — Samuel (7 16). 
 
 Story, Edward (807). 
 
 —. James (803), (1290). 
 
 — Story, Rev. W., 356, n. 
 
 Stoughton, Nicholas (662). 
 
 Strafiford, Lord, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 
 
 55, n.; 70, 137, n.; 159, 204. 
 Strange, John (1254). 
 
 — Thomas (5 26). 
 
 Sti-atton, Thomas (348). 
 
 Strickland, Sir William (124). 
 
 Stroud, William (107), (1196). 
 
 Stubber, Colonel, 215. 
 
 Stubbers, Colonel, 216. 
 
 Stubber, Peter (257). 
 
 Stubbins, Thomas (209). 
 
 Sturdy, John (475). 
 
 Sturmy, Joshua (1053), 392. 
 
 Sumner, William (782). 
 
 Sumpter, Giles (733). 
 
 Sutton, Robert (112). 
 
 Swan, John (i 178). 
 
 Sweete, Richard (1022). 
 
 Swinnocke, Robert (564). 
 
 Swanley, Captain, 67. 
 
 Sweetinge, John, 253, n. 
 
 Swinnick, Elizabeth and Sarah, 398. 
 Sword, William, 232, n. 
 
 Sydney, Sir Henry, 50. 
 
5i6 index of names. 
 
 Symons, Richard, 395. 
 
 Symes, George, 222. n. 
 
 Taafte, Lord, 192. 
 
 Tabor, Christopher (1342). 
 
 — John (452). 
 
 Talbot, Colonel Richard, 292, n. 
 
 — Sir Robert, 98, 384. 
 
 — Lad3' Grace, 163, 384, 385. 
 
 — Lord, de Malahide, 108. 
 
 — Lady Alison, 1 19. 
 
 — Captain, 216. 
 
 — John, 108, 159. 
 
 Tarlton, John (934). 
 
 Tartle, Ralph (250). 
 
 Tarrant, Leonard (921). 
 
 Taylor, Edward (1066), 396. 
 
 Teelin, Colonel, 312, n. 
 
 Teige, Honnora, 373. 
 
 Temple, Sir Thomas, 57. 
 
 — John (1089). 
 
 — Sir William, 297. 
 
 Tennant, Marmaduke (1355)- 
 Tendring, Mrs. (658). 
 
 Terrill, John (720). 
 
 Terry, Robert (927). 
 
 Thewel, John (268). 
 
 Theirry, Amadee, 3. 
 
 Thomas, Ensign Arnold, 208, 209, n. ; 
 222, n. ; 223. 
 
 — Captain, 218. 
 
 — Anna, 210, n. 
 
 — Jeoffrey (441). 
 
 — Eobert (1038). 
 
 Thompson, George (384). 
 
 — Isaack (198). 
 
 — Maurice and George (335), (123 !)• 
 
 — John (1334). 
 
 — Robert (1335). 
 
 — William ( 330 ) 
 
 Thomlinson, Mathew, 224, n. 
 
 Thomond, Earl of, 279. 
 
 Thornton, Richard, 224, n.; 225, n. 
 Thornburie, William, 399. 
 
 Thorpe, Mary, 113, 380. 
 
 — Francis (1132). 
 
 Thoroughgood, George (392). 
 
 Thorould, Thomas (187). 
 
 Thrale, Richard (592), 394. 
 
 Thurles, the Lady, 254, 255. 
 
 Tibbs, William, 393. 
 
 Ticknee, Peter (1032). 
 
 Tichborne, Sir Henry, 63. 
 
 — Captain Robert (551). 
 
 Tiffen, Grace (1057). 
 
 Tillaslye, William, 397. 
 
 Tillett, Leonard (789). 
 
 Tilsley, William (361). 
 
 Timoleon, 284. 
 
 Tipping, Thomas (1065). 
 
 Tobin, Henry, 364, 376. 
 
 Toft, John (1081). 
 
 Tomlin, Captain Edward, 158, 309, n. 
 Tomlinson, Colonel, 204. 
 
 Toole, Richard, 310, n. 
 
 I Toomey, Thomas, 169, 170, 
 
 ! Towley, Thomas (877). 
 
 Towne, Humphry, 391, 393. 
 Townsend, Colonel R., 192, n. 
 
 — Giles (513), (1253). 
 
 Towse, John (139). 
 
 — Christopher (679), 390. 
 
 Trelawny, Robert (878), 396. 
 Trelawnej', John, 396. 
 
 ; Trenchard, John (84). 
 
 Trimble, Colonel, 196. 
 
 Trimleston, Lord, 114, 115, 116, 152, 
 i53i 159. >86, 380. 
 
 Trimlett, Barnard (732). 
 
 Triplett, Katherine (1167). 
 
 — Ralph (502)^ 
 
 Trotman, Throgmorton (708). 
 
 Tucker, James (1009). 
 
 Tuffenaile, Elizabeth (937). 
 
 Tuite, James, 338. 
 
 — Richard, 322. 
 
 — Thomas, 322. 
 
 Tunbridge, Josiae (778). 
 
 Turbington, John, 397. 
 
 Turgis, Thomas (488), (1247). 
 Turlington, William (823). 
 
 — John (321). 
 
 Turner, Murtagh, 338. 
 
 — Methusalah, 243, n. 
 
 — Captain, 218. 
 
 — Samuel (415). 
 
 — Sir James, 80. 
 
 — Arthur (462). 
 j — Richard (421), (1236). 
 
 [ Tuttj', Ann (360). 
 
 — William (474). 
 
 Tyler, Richard, 398. 
 
 — John and Thomas (1285). 
 
 Tym, John (759). 
 
 Tyrconnel, Countess of, 114. 
 
 Tyrone, Hugh Earl of, 16, 39, 42, 77, 
 >66, 353. 
 
 Underwood, Benjamin, 397. 
 
 — George, children of, 397. 
 
 — Alderman William, 397. 
 
 — Edward (482). 
 
 — Rose (477). 
 
 — William (309), (1221). 
 
 Ussher, Archbishop, 77. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 517 
 
 Valentine, Thomas, 392. 
 
 Vane, Sir H., 65. 
 
 Vassel, Samuel (85). 
 
 Vaughan, Edward (826), (1307). 
 
 — Evans, 312, n. 
 
 — Charles (827), (1308), 
 
 — Joseph (SaS"). 
 
 — Nicholas (983). 
 
 — William (829), (1309). 
 
 Venables, General, 129, 216. 
 
 — Lieut.-Colonel, 232, n, 
 
 Vennor, Richard and Alexander (767), 
 (1284). 
 
 Vernon, Captain John, 90. 
 
 — Richard (317). 
 
 Viner, William (529). 
 
 Vincent, Thomas (282), (1218). 
 
 Viner, Thomas (142). 
 
 Vinston, Richard (802). 
 
 Voice, Gamaliel (914). 
 
 Vye, John (1002). 
 
 Wade, Richard (233). 
 
 — William (651). 
 
 Waddington, Henry, 305, n. 
 
 Wagner, Michael, i8j, n. 
 
 Wagstaffe, Anthony and John (794). 
 
 — Sergeant-Major (813), (1297). 
 
 — Edmund (797). 
 
 — Ellen (796). 
 
 — William (417). 
 
 Waldo, Daniel (756), 395. 
 
 Wale, Edmond, 332, n. 
 
 Wall, Moses (73). 
 
 —Garrett, 293. 
 
 Wallace, William, 251. 
 
 Waller, Sir Hardress, 123, 160, 162, 
 216, 270, 267, 384. 
 
 — Sir William (45). 
 
 Wallin, Patient (851). 
 
 Wallington, John (1349). 
 
 Wallis, Robert, 399. 
 
 — Thomas, 390. 
 
 — Ralph, 157. 
 
 — Robert (1172). 
 
 — William (1343). 
 
 Walmsley, Thomas (523). 
 
 Walsh, A Peter, 183, n.; 30,0. ; 339, n. 
 Walcott, Richard (580). 
 
 Walter, Henry (888). 
 
 Walters, Major, 218. 
 
 Waltham, Captain, 216. 
 
 Warden, Colonel, 193. 
 
 Warden, John (204). 
 
 Ware, Robert, 317, n. 
 
 — Sir Janies, 15, n. ; 317, n. 
 
 Warner, John (t53). 
 
 Warner, Samuel (331), (1227). 
 
 Warren, George (391). 
 
 Warring, Richard (487), (1246). 
 
 Waters, Thomas (458). 
 
 Watson, William (95 2J. 
 
 Watts, William, 389. 
 
 Waterhouse, Thomas (665). 
 
 Watkins, Sir David (25), (1193). 
 
 — Vincent, 222, n. 
 
 Weale, Job (173). 
 
 Weaver, William, 222, n. 
 
 — R., 97, n. 
 
 — John, 276, n. 
 
 — J', 293. n- 
 
 Webb, ffrancis, (656), (1268). 
 
 — William, 240, n. 
 
 Webster, Thomas (681). 
 
 — James (579), 395. 
 
 — William (386), (726), 389. 
 
 Weeks, Obadiah (1045). 
 
 — Nathaniel and Tom (398). 
 
 Wells, Matthew (1076). 
 
 Wenman, the Lord (86), 252, n. 
 
 West, Henry (603). 
 
 — ffrancis (719). 
 
 Westrow, Thomas (1073). 
 
 Wharton, Lord, 74. 
 
 — Dame Philadelphia (1142). 
 Wheatley, John C371), 392. 
 
 Whitcomb, Benjamin and Richard, 
 
 (1337)- 
 
 White, Anne, 112. 
 
 — Bartholemew, 39 r. 
 
 — Edward (1152). 
 
 — Francis, 300, n. 
 
 — Henry (962). 
 
 — James (990). 
 
 — Jasper, 263, n. 
 
 — John (975). 
 
 — Nicholas, 364. 
 
 — Don Ricardo, 87. 
 
 — Richard (1007). 
 
 — Stephen (273). 
 
 — Thomas, 398. 
 
 — William (693). 
 
 Whiteing, John (761), (1360). 
 Whitehall, Roger, 391. 
 
 — Robert (1036). 
 
 Whitekett, Christopher (407). 
 Whitelock, Bulstrode (48), 73, 121, 
 
 279, 228, n. 
 
 Whitston, Francis (476), (1324). 
 Whittaker, Henry (1200). 
 Whittingham, Edward (1153). 
 
 Widnam, Lieut.-Colonel John, 193, 
 194. 
 
 I Wilcox, Richard (841). 
 
 2 M 
 
5i8 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Wilcox, Robert (1093). 
 
 Wilde, John (13). 
 
 Wildinge, John (923). 
 
 Wilkin, Sam. (918). 
 
 Wilkins, A. Walker, 62, n. 
 
 Willett, Richard, 832, ((311). 
 Williams, John (919). 
 
 — Nicholas (752). 
 
 Williamson, Sir Joseph, 402. 
 
 — Captain William, 233, n. 
 Willington, Gilbert (129). 
 Willoughby, William (672), (1270). 
 Wilkinson, Captain, 216. 
 
 Wilson, Richard (481). 
 
 Winkley, John (587). 
 
 Winkworth, Captain, 237. 
 
 Winspeare, John, 396. 
 
 Winston, R. (1289). 
 
 Winter, Mr., 281, n. 
 
 Winwood, Richard (90). 
 
 Witham, Alderman George, 393. 
 
 — George (465). 
 
 Witham, Nathaniel (682), 390. 
 Wogan, Thomas, 26, n. 
 
 Wolfe, David, 370. 
 
 Wollaston, Sir John (140). 
 
 WoUey, Francis (149). 
 
 Wood, Robert (or Richard), (1341). 
 
 — Lieutenant Edward, 320. 
 
 — Edward (814). 
 
 — John (1198). 
 
 Wood, Thomas (838). 
 
 Wood, Anthony, 131. 
 
 Wood, Richard (576). 
 
 — Robert (640), (1059). 
 
 Woodcocke, Thomas (342), 399. 
 Woodhead, John (1070). 
 Woodgate, Thomas (1331). 
 Woodhouse, William (247). 
 Woodley, Thomas, 393. 
 
 Woodruffe, Abraham (1274). 
 Woods, Edward, 1299. 
 
 — Richard, 223, n. 
 
 Woodward, Hezekiah, 395, (568). 
 
 — Charles (276). 
 
 Woolfe, Richard (1175). 
 Woolnough, Joshua (816), (1300). 
 Wormelayton, Fulk (1273). 
 Worth, Zachariah, 394. 
 
 Wray, William, 365. 
 
 Wrenn, Captain, 216, 
 
 Wright, Mr., 260, n. 
 
 — George (612). 
 
 — Ursula (1129). 
 
 Wymer, William (1077). 
 
 Wyan, Thomas (69). 
 
 Wyse, Thomas, 368. 
 
 Yard, George (986). 
 
 Yarmouth Corporation, 391. 
 
 Yates, John (220.) 
 
 Yeates, James, 389. 
 
 Yearmody, Ellen ny, 376. 
 
 Yelding, William, 222, n. 
 Yeomans, Mr. Robert, 90. 
 
 Young, Thomas (507). 
 
 — John (172). 
 
 — Matthew (507). 
 
 Young, Arthur, 13, N. 
 
 Younge, Thomas (822). 
 
 THE END. 
 
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