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 A 
 
HISTORY 
 
 Ol THE 
 
 CAMPAIGNS 
 
 OF 
 
 Prince Alexander Suworow 
 Rymniliskiy 
 
 FIELD - MARS HAL-GENERAL I N THE SERVICE 
 HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, THE EMPEROR 
 OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, 
 
 WITH 
 
 A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF HIS PR I VATS 
 
 LIFE AND CHARACTER. 
 
 Translated from the German of Frederic Antki^ *, 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 A CON'Clfc AND COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY 
 
 OF HIS 
 
 ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 mmroRK; 
 
 Pkl N'TiD BY Q. AND R. WAITS, FOR WM, CC3USTT, 
 l800. ti*» A . 
 
Co the llieaöet\ 
 
 J Offer to the reader a His- 
 tory of the Campaigns of a man, who 
 is the object of admiration in every 
 part of Europe, who has long been 
 ranked among the most celebrated he- 
 roes of the North, and who has im- 
 mortalized the glory of the Russian 
 arms. 
 
 I should have deferred the publica- 
 tion of this work to a more distant pe- 
 riod, had I not felt it a duty, to yield 
 to the earnest solicitations of a crowd 
 
of persons, who venerate the charac- 
 ter of Field- Marfhal-General Count 
 Suwcrow. 
 
 I flatter myself that this Essay will 
 And a favourable reception ; and that 
 the public will receive as much fatis- 
 faction in reading these Memoirs, as I 
 have experienced in writing them. 
 
 Frederick Antking. 
 
TABLE 
 
 Ö F 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 R 
 
 JLfioGR aphical Preface, containing a summary 
 account of the private life and character of Count 
 Alexander Sitworow Rymnikski. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Seven years war with the Prussians, 
 
 Suworozv enters into the army, in 1 742. He marches 
 against the Prussians, in the seven years zvar, v/ith 
 the rank of first major, and is at the battle of Kun- 
 ncrsdorf and the taking of Berlin, He is appoint- 
 cd to the light troops, under the command ef General 
 Berg. Battle of Reichenbach, in the .environs cf 
 Brejlaw, Berg is fent with a detach merit in pur- 
 fuit of the Prujjians. Suvjorozo furprifes Lands- 
 berg. Engagement near Si a r gar d. frequent flr- 
 mifocs. Suueorew beats Courbiere, and takes him 
 
C vi ] 
 
 fri foner. He furprifes Goldnazv. General Wen 
 ner is made prisoner. Dearth of frovi/ions in 
 Colbcrg. Forces the P ruffian general, Platen, and 
 Prince Eugene, of Wurtemburg, to retreat into 
 Saxony. Colberg far renders to Count Romanzow. 
 The troops go into winter quarters, ij6i. Truce, 
 b tween Prujfia and Rußia, followed by a peace. 
 Suworow is df patched to Peterjhurg, where he is 
 advanced to the rank of coloneL 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 War with the Confederates of Poland, 1769. 
 
 The Emprefs proceeds to Mofcow to be crowned. On 
 her return, attended a review of the regiment of 
 Suworow. Remains with his regiment at Lado- 
 ga during two years. , A grand camp at Pet erf- 
 burg, for the praclice of manoeuvres. Suworow 
 advanced to the rank of brigadier. Marches into 
 Poland again/I the confederates. Is fent to War- 
 
 faw, and completes eighty ( German ) miles in 
 twelve days. He beats Kotelupowfii near War- 
 
 faw. Defeats and difperfes the troops command- 
 ed by the two Pulawjhis. Takes his quarters at 
 Lublin, and h made major-genexal. Falls in the 
 river near Clementow, and is very much hurt* 
 Afiion near Landßron, in which two marßals 
 are killed, and feveral made prifoners. He re- 
 turns to Lublin. On his march thither fights Pu- 
 lawski and Nowifi. Kofakowski forms a fecond 
 confederation in Lithuania, and gains fome advan- 
 tages over the Ruffians. Suworow leaves Lublin, 
 in order to attack it. Defeats the army of the 
 
L vü ] 
 
 confederates under Oginski. The Emprcfs fends 
 him the order of St, Alexander. Adventure with 
 Colonel Sahrowski. Suworow inarches towards 
 Cracozv, and joins a corps under the command of 
 General Braniski. The confederates furprife the 
 cqflle of Cracow. Suworow arrives , and forms 
 a blockade. The garrifon capitulate. Articles of 
 capitulation. An attempt upon Tynez. Entrance 
 of the Auflrian and P ruffian troops into Poland. 
 Firfl divifion of that kingdom. Suworow returns 
 to Peterfburg. He is ordered to vifit the fron- 
 tiers of Finland. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Firfl war againft the Turks. 
 
 Suworow arrives at the army cf Jafify, 1773« 
 ceives a command. Paffes the Danube, and de- 
 feats the Turks, at Turbakay. The Emprefs 
 fends the order of St. George, of the fecond clafs. 
 He beats the Turks a fecond time in the fame place. 
 Poffieffes himfelf of a confiderable flotilla. Receives 
 another command near Nif row. Defeats the Turks 
 again near that place. Retires, til with a fever, 
 into Rußia. Returns, in the fpring, to the banks 
 of the Danube. Receives the brevet of lieutenant- 
 general. Commands the fecond divifion, and the 
 corps de referve. Joins general Kanenßi. Defeats 
 the lurks near Kafludgi. Goes to Buchkerefl, 
 for the recovery of his health. Peace is concluded. 
 He returns to Ruffla. 
 
[ viii ] 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Pagutfchew puifued and made prifoncr. 
 
 Suworow is employed to quiet interior di/lurbanccs. 
 Micbelfon defeats Pugatfchew near Zarizin. Su- 
 ivorow purfues the rebels to Uralski. He conducls 
 their chief prifoncr to Simbirsk. Takes upon him 
 the command of the troops there, in the abfence of 
 Count Panin. Rejoicings for the peace at Mof- 
 cow. Suworozu remains for fome time on his 
 eßaies. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Operations in the Cuban and the Crimea. 
 
 Suworow is fent into the Crimea, and is prefent at 
 the elevation of Schah in Ghiray, to the dignity of 
 Khan. He goes to Pultawa, where he is attack- 
 ed by an infiamatcry fever. Rejoins his corps on 
 the Cuban, and erecls fortifications on the banks. 
 The different people of Circaffia. Goes to the 
 Crimea after the departure of Count Proforowski, 
 and receives a command. The Porte dijiurbcd at 
 the appointive: of the new Khan. Suworow com» 
 pels a Turl.ijh flotilla to leave the port of Achtiar ; 
 and obliges the Captain Pacha to retire, with a 
 numerous fleet. He brings away Greek and Ar» 
 minian families fro?n the Crimea into Ruffia. The 
 Attukays make irruptions into the Cuban. Treaty 
 between Rußa and the Porte. Schahin Schiary 
 is acknowledged Khan, by the Grand Sultan. The 
 
Rußian troops retire from the Cuban to the Cri- 
 mea. Suworow is charged with the command of 
 the troops in Little Rujfia. The Emprefs makes 
 him a prefent of her portrait. He takes a jour- 
 ney to Peierßurg. He is charged with a com- 
 miffion for Aftracan, and the Cafpian Sea. He 
 obtains the command of the divifion of Cafan, 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 The Tartars of the Crimea and of Mogay fwear 
 obedience to Ruffia. An expedition againfl: 
 thofe of Nogay. 
 
 Revolt againfl the new Khan of the Crimea. He 
 takes to flight , and is re-eflablifhed. Suworow 
 takes the command of a corps in the Cuban. The 
 Khan abdicates his dignity. R(pafl of the Tar- 
 tars of Nogay. Suworow compels them to take 
 the oath of fidelity. Second rcpafl. Suworow 
 receives a diploma from the Emprefs, with the 
 great crofs of the order of Wolodimir. Details on 
 the origin of the Tartars of Nogay. The ancient 
 khan of the Tartars quits the Crimea. He pro- 
 duces an infurreölion among thofe of Nogay. Di- 
 vers aclions with them, and among themfelves. 
 Numbers of them fly to the other fide of the Cu- 
 ban. Retreat by the wilds to J'-'y. Suworow 
 enters into winter quarters at Saint Demetrius. 
 Intimate conneclion between Murfabey and Suwo- 
 row. The journey of the latter to Mo f cow. He 
 receives the command of the divißon of Wolodomir f 
 1785. Scahin Schi ray, who has pafifed fome time 
 
in Ruffta, returns to Turkey. He is beheaded at 
 Rhodes. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 War cgainfi the Turks, in 1787. 
 
 Suworow is named general-in-chief. Journey of 
 the Emprefs to the Crimera. On this occafion 
 Suworow is appointed to command the corps dif- 
 tributed in the environs of Kiowie and Pultawa ; 
 and, foon after, that of Cherfon, of which that 
 of Kinburn makes a part. Kinburn furprifed 
 by the Turks. Bloody but victorious engage- 
 ment. Suworow is wounded in the arm. He 
 celebrates the victory. Receives the order of 
 St. Andrew. He paries the winter at Kinburn, 
 and* takes meafures againfl: the future furprife of 
 that town. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Suworow r receives the command of the fleet on the 
 Black Sea. The Turks fend a confiderable fleet 
 to^Ockzakow. Suworow erects a ftrong batte- 
 ry near Kinburn. Advantages gained by the 
 Prince of Naffaw, over the Turks, in three differ- 
 ent engagements. They fuftain an immenfe lofs. 
 Halfan Bacha returns to Conflantinople, with the 
 remains of his fleet. Prince Potemkin befieges 
 Ockzakow. Suworow commands the left wing 
 of the army. He is dangeroufly wounded in the 
 neck, in a fally of the garrifon. He is removed 
 
[ xi. 1 ' 
 
 to Kjnburn. A magazine of powder is blown 
 up, and he is again wounded. Affault of Ock- 
 zakow. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Suworow arrives at JafTy, from Peterfburg. He 
 takes the command of the corps of Berlat. Prince 
 Saxe Cobourg incamps near Suworow. Sultan 
 Selim afcends the throne. He augments his ar- 
 my. Cobourg informs Suworow that the Turks 
 are on their march againft him, and the latter 
 immediately forms a junction. Action of the 
 cavalry at Putna. Battle of Forhani. Capture 
 of the for dried convents of Saint Samuel and 
 Saint John. Conference of Cobourg and Su- 
 worow, after the victory. Löfs of the Turks in 
 the battle. Letter of the Emperor Jofeph to 
 Suworow. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 Return of General Suworow to Berlat. Intelli- 
 gence received of the march of the principal ar- 
 my of the Turks. Cobourg requefts Suworow 
 to join him, and he forms a junction by forced 
 marches. He confers with Cobourg and then 
 proceeds to reconnoitre. Battle of Rymnik. 
 Löfs of the Turks. Their army retires beyond 
 the Danube, and difperfes. Cobourg feparates 
 from Suworow, who is created a Count of Ruf- 
 fia and the Empire. He receives letters from the 
 Emperor Jofeph|and theEmprefs of Ruflia. 
 
[ x "- 1 
 
 CAAP. XL 
 
 Suworow returns to Berlat. He connects himfelf 
 with the Seraikier, at Brakilow. Cobourg fixes 
 his winter quarters near Suworow. His corps 
 reinforced. Haffan Bacha as Grand Vizier, 
 makes propofals for peace. His death puts an 
 end to them. The Grand Vizier paffes the Da- 
 nube. Suworow quits his winter quarters. He 
 writes to Cobourg, and afterwards joins him by 
 fenced marches. Letter of the Emperor Leo- 
 pold. Armiftice of Reichenbach changes the 
 face of affairs. Suworow takes leave of Co- 
 bourg and retires. Letter of the Prince de Co- 
 bourg. Dulcia, Kilia, and lfaccio are taken. 
 The General Sudowitfch, and admiral Rilas ap- 
 proach lfmail. The liege is deferred on account 
 of the advanced ftate of the feafon. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 Suworow receives orders to take lfmail. He mar- 
 ches thither. Reconnoitres the place. Prepa- 
 rations made for an affault. Blockade of lfmail. 
 Pofuion of the befiegers. Immenfe garrifon of 
 Turks. The place fummoned. The anfwer of 
 the Serafkier. Second fummons Harrangue 
 of Suworow to the generals and the troops. Dif- 
 tribuiion of the column, by land and by water. 
 Signal of affault. The ramparts are fcaled and 
 taken. Sally of the Turks. Bloody combats in 
 the flreets and public places. Several fortified 
 buildings taken. Importance of this capture. 
 
[ xiii. ] 
 
 Feftivals which fucceed. Letter from the Em- 
 peror Leopold. Journey of Suworow to Peterf- 
 burg. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 journey of Suworow to the frontiers of Sweden. 
 He is charged to command the troops which are 
 in Finland, and the fleet flationed on the coaft of 
 that Province. He erecls redoubts. Peace is 
 made with the Turks. He receives the com- 
 mand of the army on the frontiers of Turkey, 
 and fets out for Cherfon. Letter from the Em- 
 prefs to Suworow. 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 The laß campaign in Poland, and the downfal of that 
 kingdom in 1 794. 
 
 Suworow leaves Cherfon to infpect the frontiers of 
 the Crimea. Infurrection at Cracow and War- 
 faw. The influence of that event on the Polifli 
 foldiers in the pay of RuiTia, &c. Suworow re- 
 ceives an order to difarm thefe brigades. ^Mea- 
 fures relative to this operation. His corps mar- 
 ches that very day in different detachments, and 
 executes the commiiTion. He re-aiTembles his 
 corps at Niemerow. He pays a vifit to Count 
 Romanzow, at his country feat. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 Events of the war, fubfequent to the infurreclion of 
 Warfaw. Siege of Warfaw. Suworow receives 
 
C x * v - ] 
 
 orders to enter Poland. The rapidity of his 
 march. Firft attack at Divan. Defeat at Kobrin. 
 Defeat of the Poles at Krupezye. 
 
 VOL 11. 
 
 [begins with] CHAP. X. 
 
 March of the Ruffians to Brzefcie, where the Po- 
 lifh corps had retired. Report of a Jew, on the 
 pofition of Syrakowfki, &c. Difpofitions of Su- 
 worow. His corps paffes the river, during the 
 night. Syiakowfki is attacked. Enormous lofs 
 of the Poles. Suworow goes to Brzefcie, and en- 
 camps before Therefpol. 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 
 Suworow demands of Prince Repnin, that the corps 
 of Derfeklen may join him. Kofciufco learns 
 the defeat of Brzefcie, &c. Movements of Ge- 
 neral Ferfen. Suworow's corps fo weakened, by 
 its detachments, that it cannot undertake any 
 thing. The Prince of Zizianow takes Grabowfki 
 prifoner, kc. A courier from Makranowfki to 
 Kofciufco is taken. Report of Derfelden, who 
 approaches Suworow. Ferfen paffes the Viflula, 
 gains the battle of Matfchewiz, and takes Kofci- 
 ufco prifoner. Meafures taken by Suworow to 
 form a junction with Derfelden and Ferfen. He 
 
[ XV. ] 
 
 marches for Warfaw. Some circumftances rela- 
 ting to Kofciufco. 
 
 CHAP. XII. 
 
 Derfeiden approaches Suworow. His advanced 
 guard defeats the rear guard of Makranowfki, 
 whofe corps retire to Warfaw. Suworow ap- 
 proaches Praga, a fuburb of that capital. Junc- 
 tion with the corps of Ferfen. He takes the route 
 of Kobylka. Attacks, and almoft deftroys, a 
 detachment of the enemy, amounting to five 
 thoufand men. Suworow fixes his head quarters 
 at Kobylka. Ferfen encamps on the left wing, 
 and Derfeiden on the right. Preparations for 
 the affault of Praga. Makranowfki returns thi- 
 ther, and refigns his command. 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 The generals reconnoitre the fortifications of Praga. 
 The majors, Bifcheffki and Muller, arrive from 
 Warfaw, charged with commiflions. Anfwer of 
 Suworow to General Zeyonfchik. Departure of 
 Kobylka for the affault of Praga. The army en- 
 camps round that fuburb. Batteries erecled. 
 Diftribution of troops for the attack. Affault of 
 Praga. The bridge deitroyed. Löfs of the Poles. 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 The King of Poland, and Magiftrates of Warfaw, 
 fend deputies to Suworow, refpe&ijig the capita- 
 
L *vl. l 
 
 lation of Warfaw. He confers with them, ai.d 
 propofes the articles. Correfpondence relative to 
 this object. Ferfen palfes the Viftula. Sedition at 
 Warfaw. The chiefs wifh to take away the king, 
 Sec. Farther communications between the king 
 and Suworow. The latter propofes his ultimate 
 conditions. The Polim troops evacuate War- 
 faw. The king and the magiftrates confent to 
 the entrance of the Ruffian troops. 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 Suworow enters, with his army, into Warfaw. He 
 pays the king a vifit of ceremony. The fubfhnce 
 of their converfation. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 Ferfen purfues the Poles, who have quitted War- 
 faw. They form four confiderable divifions. 
 They, at length lay down their arms. PalTports 
 are given to thofe who engage to quit the fervice. 
 Thole who refufe are fent into the interior parts 
 of the country. Several Polilh chiefs and gene- 
 rals have fecretly efcaped. 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 
 A (ketch of the campaign. Suworow receives the 
 ftaff of field-marfhal, the orders of Pruflia, and 
 the portrait of the Emperor Francis II. and very 
 considerable portions of land, &c. from the Em- 
 
[ xvii. ] 
 
 prefs. He paffes a year at Warfaw. Makes a 
 review of his army. His journey to Peterfburg. 
 The honours he receives there. He departs for 
 his new command on the frontiers of Turkey. 
 He fends his troops into winter quarters. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 Different letters, from the Emprefs Catharine, the 
 Emperor Francis IL, the King of Pruflia, and the 
 King of Poland, to Field Marfhal Suworow, du- 
 ring and after the campaign of Poland. 
 
 vol. l 
 
 G 
 
Biographical Preface. 
 
 In pafling through Cherfon, on my way 
 to Conftantinople, I had the happinefs to form an 
 intimate acquaintance with the Count Suworow, 
 and to pafs fome months at his houfe. Of fuch an 
 opportunity I diligently availed myfelf, to obtain 
 authentic accounts of every circumftance that 
 was connected with his military career ; and I 
 collected them not only from the oral relation of 
 feveral perfons who were witnefles of his glorious 
 exploits, but from his own perfonal communica- 
 tions. As to the particular details, I have fince 
 compared them with, and rectified them by, offici- 
 al reports. 
 
 But, however interefting it might be to poflefs 
 the mod minute circumftances of the private life of 
 a man, whofe name fills fo large a fpace in the page 
 of history, it is my office to give no more than a 
 general outline of it. 
 
 The family of Suworow was originally from Swe- 
 den, and of a noble defcent. The firft of this name 
 fettled in Ruflia, the latter end of the laft century ; 
 and, having engaged in the wars againfl the Tar- 
 tars and the Poles, were rewarded by the Czars of 
 that period, with lands and peafants. 
 
LIFE OF 
 
 l 9 
 
 Bafil Suworow, the father of the field-marfhal, 
 was the godfon of Peter L He was held in high 
 eftimation for his political knowledge, as well as 
 extenfive erudition ; and enjoyed, at his death, the 
 two-fold rank of general and fenator. 
 
 Alexander Bafilowltfch Suworow, the hero of 
 this work, and of Europe, was born in the year 
 1730. His father had deftined him for the robe ; 
 but his earlier inclinations impelled him to the pro- 
 feflion of a foldier ; and the fame fpirit has con- 
 dueled him through a long and unrivalled career 
 of glory, to attain the diftinguifhed rank of field- 
 marftial ; and, after having conquered for his coun- 
 try, to conquer for Europe. 
 
 It is the cuftom for the fons of perfons of diftinc- 
 tion, in RuiTia, to be enrolled in the army at a ve- 
 ry early age ; fometimes, within a year after their 
 birth. But the young Suworow had attained twelve 
 years before his name was, fortunately for his coun- 
 try, inferibed on the military roll of the Ruffian 
 army. He remained, however, at home for a few 
 years, in order to complete his education, under 
 the fuperintendance of a father, who was fo well 
 qualified to conduct it. 
 
 From his earlieft youth he was enamoured of the 
 fciences ; and improved himfelf in them. Corne- 
 lius Nepos was a favourite claflic ; and he read 
 with great avidity and attention, the hiftories of 
 thofe renowned captains, Turenne and Montecu- 
 culi. But Caefar and Charles XII were the heroes 
 whom he moll admired, and whofe activity and 
 courage became the favourite objects of his imi- 
 
LIFE or 
 
 tation. Hiftory and philofophy had great attrac- 
 tions for him ; he ftudied the firft in Rollin and 
 Hubner, and the fecond in Wolf and Leibnitz. 
 
 He is mafter of the principal part of the Euro*, 
 pean languages. He fpeaks and writes both Ger« 
 man and French, as if they were his native tongues.* 
 He is aifo well acqainted with thofe of Italy and 
 Moldavia, of Poland, and Turkey ; and he can 
 converfe in al) the various dialeds of the people 
 whom he has fubdued. 
 
 In 1774, he married Barba Nanowna, Princefs 
 Prolbrow lid, daughter of the General Prince Iwan 
 
 * We mall here beg leave to give an example of his manner 
 of writing the French language, by prefenting our readers with 
 an original letter, written by him to Charette, when he command- 
 ed the royalift party, in La Vendee, in 1795 : 
 
 " Le General Suworow ä M. de Charette, Generaliflime des 
 " troupes du roi de Fiance, ä fon quartier general. 
 
 " Heros de la Vendee ! illuftre defenfeur de la foi de tes 
 " peres, et du irone de tes rois, falut ! 
 
 " Que le Dieu des armees veille ä jamais fur toi; qu'il guide 
 " ton bras ä travers les bataillons de tes nombreux ennemis, qui, 
 " marquis du doigt de ce Dieu vengeur, tomberont difperfes 
 " comme le feuille qu'un vent du nord a fiappe ! 
 
 " Et vous, immortels Vendeens, fideles confervateurs de I'hon- 
 4t r.eur des Francais ; dignes compagnons d'armes d'un Heros 
 44 guides par lui, relevez le Temple du Seigneur, et le trone de 
 " vos rois ! 
 
 H Que le mechant pcriiTe ! * * • * Que fa trace s'efTace, 
 l * Alors que la paix bienfaifante renaific, et que la tige antique 
 
SU WO ROW. 
 
 2T 
 
 Proforowfki ; by whom he has two children now 
 living : Natalia, Countefs Suworow, who married 
 General Count Nicolai Zoubow ; and Arcadius, 
 who is about fourteen years of age, a youth of greai 
 promife, and a lieutenant in one of the regiments 
 of guards. 
 
 Notwithstanding his age, his long and laborious 
 marches, which form an enormous aggregate of fix 
 thoufand German miles (equal to twenty thoufand 
 of Englifh meafure") ; notwithstanding his wounds 
 and military toils, Suworow fiill preferves the gai- 
 ety of youth. He is free from all corporeal weak- 
 nefs and infirmity ; a circumilance which mud be? 
 attributed to the hardy habits of his fife, his rob lift 
 conftitution, and rigid temperance. Diiüncl as he 
 is, in the more ftriking features of his character,, 
 from the common race of men ; that diiierence m 
 feen to prevail, even in his ordinary tranfacliciv:;, hi 
 
 ** des Lys, qne la tempete avott courbee, fe relevc du nulle a de 
 •* vous, plus brillante, et plus maji-frueufe. 
 
 " Brave Charette ! honneur des Chevaliers Francais ! L'U- 
 " niversefl plein de ton nom ! 1/ Europe etonnee te cbntempN , 
 
 " et moi je t'admire et te felieite Dieu te ch 
 
 " comrne autrefois David, pour punir le Ph liftjn. Aijoces ! 8 
 " decrets. Vole, attaque, trappe, et la victoite iuivrates pa?. 
 
 " Tels font les vceux d'un foldat qus blanrhi aux ctramt 
 " 1'honneur, vit conitamment la vi el oi re curonncr ia cunfiancv 
 " qu'il avoitplacee dans le Dien des combats. G'oi'-e ä lui, cav 
 " il eft la fouree de toute g'oire. Gloire a toi, — Cur ilte 
 « ric 
 
 " sv wo rot.' J" 
 
 Tjt'fnmier Ä'Q&ohrt, 1795. 
 A. V.n-fo'uit. 
 
SUWOROW. 
 
 his mode of living, and the diftribution of his 
 time. 
 
 He rifes about four in the morning, both in win- 
 ter and fummer, in town, and in the country. His 
 bed is not contrived by art to indulge the effeminate 
 voluptuary, it is not made of down, or furrounded 
 with filken curtains, but is formed of the fimple 
 materials of nature, which afford, to the peafant, 
 fatigued with labour, the refrefhing fweets of fleep. 
 A heap of frefh hay, fufficiently elevated, and fcat- 
 tered into confiderable breadth, is his humble couch. 
 A white fheet is fpread over it, with a cufhion for 
 his pillow, and his cloak for a coverlid. He gene- 
 rally fleeps without body linen ; and in fummei, he 
 paffes his day and night in a tent in his garden. 
 
 It is not to be fuppofed that the toilet occupies 
 any portion of his time ; but when he is not on ac- 
 tive fervice, he is clean in his perfon, and frequent- 
 ly wafhes himfelf in the courfe of the day. He con- 
 fines his drefs to an uniform, and a kind of clofe 
 jacket, called a gitrtka : but robes de chambre, 
 and riding coats, are banifhed from his wardrobe, 
 and he never fuffers the indulgence of gloves, or 
 a peliffe, but when a winter's march compels him 
 to ufe them. 
 
 After his breakfaft, which confifts of tea, he 
 walks, for an hour, by way of exercife, and then 
 fits ferioufly down to the official duties of the day. 
 He reads letters and reports, diftributes the necef- 
 fary orders, and continues, without relaxation, his 
 profeflional occupations till noon. He dictates 
 luch alterations as he thinks jneceflary to be made 
 
LIFE OF 
 
 in the various difpatches which are prefented to 
 his infpection ; and he will fometimes write them 
 himfelf. His fly le is manly and concife ; and fo 
 correct is he in the choice of his expreffions, that 
 he is never known to efface them. 
 
 The hour of his dinner is irregular, and varies 
 from nine to twelve ; and, during his repaft, he 
 is frequently communicative and full of vivacity : 
 his table generally confifts of about twenty covers; 
 but he is himfelf a rare example of temperance, 
 and obferves the fafts of the Greek church with the 
 mod undeviating rigour. Immediately after his 
 dinner, he paffes a few hours in fleep, and fupper 
 is not a meal with him. 
 
 He knows little of the amufements and paf- 
 times which luxury has invented, and laflitude 
 demands, to quicken the pace, or relieve the bur- 
 then, time. 
 
 His principal occupation, and, at the fame time, 
 his favourite diversion, is war and its duties. 
 However fevere he may be with his foldiers, 
 whether in their difcipline and manoeuvres, or the 
 incredible marches (fometimes of ten German 
 miles a day), by which he has given fuch eclat and 
 effect to his campaigns, they all regard him with 
 an affection which borders on idolatry ; and under 
 his command they are infpired with a courage that 
 renders them invincible : but whether they are 
 engaged in the hurry of a campaign, or enjoying 
 the repofe of winter quarters, their neceffary wants 
 and appropriate comforts are the conftant objects 
 of his protecting attention. 
 
24 
 
 LIFE OF 
 
 The finall portion oF leüure which he enjoys is 
 devoted to reading. But as the military fcience 
 has long been, and continues to be, thefole object 
 of his regard, thofe authors of every nation, who 
 inveftigate, illuflrate, or improve it, engrofs his 
 literary attentions. He does not, however, neglect 
 to get information of what is paffing in the world, 
 from the communications afforded by the journals 
 and gazettes of foreign countries. 
 
 He diflikes all pubhc entertainments ; though 
 when any particular circumftance leads him thither, 
 he appears to partake, and endeavours to promote 
 the general pleafure. He will fometimes even 
 dance and play at cards, though very rarely in- 
 deed, and merely that he may not interrupt the 
 etiquette of public manners. 
 
 His father bequeathed him a confiderable pro- 
 perty, which the grateful bounty of the Emprefs, 
 has confiderably augmented ; though he conftantly 
 refufed all prefents, in money or land, till the 
 xntereft of his children could be benefited by fuch 
 gratifications. He entrufts the adminiftration of 
 his private affairs to others ; and poffeffes none of 
 thofe baubles which the rich too generally regard, 
 as contributing to the enjoyment and pleafure of 
 life. He has neither villa, nor plate, nor equip- 
 age, nor liveried fervants, nor pictures, nor rare 
 collections. As a warrior, he has no fixed habi- 
 tation ; he contents himfelf with whatever he finds, 
 requires nothing but what abfolute neceffity de- 
 mands, and which may be tranfported with eafe 
 from one -place to another. It is alfo among the 
 lingular, though unimportant c ire um fiances of his 
 
■SU WO ROW. 
 
 *5 
 
 life, that he has not made ufe of a looking-glafs 
 for twenty years, or, during that period, encum- 
 bered his perfon with either watch or money. 
 
 With refpecl to his character, he is a man of the 
 mod incorruptible probity, immoveable in his pur- 
 pofes, and inviolable in his promifes. Nor do thefe 
 fturdy virtues difqualify him, from pofiefTmg the 
 moil engaging manners. He is continually driving 
 to moderate a violence of temper, which he has not 
 been able to extinguish. An effervefcent fpirit of 
 impatience continues to predominate in his charac- 
 ter ; and it, perhaps, never happened, that the 
 execution of any of his orders has been equal to the 
 rapidity of his wifhes. 
 
 He is fincerely religious, not from enthufiafm, 
 but from principle ; and takes every opportunity 
 of attending the offices of public devotion : nay, 
 when circumftances afford him the opportunity, 
 he will, on Sundays and feftivals, deliver lectures 
 cn fubjecls of piety, to thofe whom duty calls to 
 an attendance upon him. 
 
 The love of his country, and the ambition to 
 contend in arms for its glory, are the powerful and 
 predominant emotions of his indefatigable, life, and 
 to them, like the ancient Romans, he facrifices 
 every other fentiment, and confecrates, without 
 refer ve, all the faculties of his nature. 
 
 His military career has been one long, uniform 
 courfe of fuccefs and triumph, produced by his 
 enterprizing courage, and extraordinary prefence 
 cf mind, by his perfonal intrepidity and prompti- 
 vol. i. D 
 
26 
 
 LIFE OF SUWOROW. 
 
 tude of execution, by the rapid and unparalleled 
 movements of his armies, and by their perfect alfu- 
 ranee of victory, in fighting under his banners. 
 
 Such is the private life and character of Suwo- 
 row : his public actions are difplayed in the fucceed- 
 ing volumes. 
 
CAMPAIGNS 
 
 OF 
 
 PRINCE ALEXANDER SUWOROW 
 RYMNIKSKL 
 
 CHAP. L 
 
 EX TRANCE OF SUWOROW INTO THE ARMY ; AND 
 HIS FIRST CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PRUSSIANS, 
 IN THE SEFEN TEARS WAR» 
 
 OUNT Alexander Suworow-Rymnik« 
 fki began his military career as a piivate lbldier. 
 In 1742, he was enrolled as a fufileer in the guards 
 of Seimonow. In 1747, he ferved as a corporal ; 
 two years after he obtained fome farther advance- 
 ment, which was foon followed by his promotion 
 to the rank of ferjeant. During this period, he 
 was employed as a courier in Poland and Germany. 
 In 1754, he quitted the guards with the brevet of 
 lieutenant of the army. In 1 7 56, he had the con- 
 duct of the provifions ; was afterwards lieutenant 
 to the auditor-general, and appointed to the com- 
 mand of Memel 5 with the rank of lieutenant-co- 
 lonel. 
 
 He made his firft campaign, in the feven years 
 war againft the PrulTians, in 1759 ; and entered 
 upon aftual fervice under Prince Wolgonfki, and 
 
*8 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 attended, as fenior officer on duty, on the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief Count Fermor, who, admiring 
 the confummate refolution which he appeared to 
 poffefs, favoured him with his particular confi- 
 dence. He was alfo at the battle of RunnefdorrT, 
 and at the captuie of Berlin, by Tottleben ; but 
 on thefe occafions, he found no opportunity to 
 acquire diftinction. 
 
 In 1 76 1, he was ordered on fervice in the light 
 troops under General Berg. That corps march- 
 ed to Breflau, and ferved to cover the retreat of 
 the Ruffian army, in which Major- General Bal- 
 enbach had been left in the entrenchments. 
 
 On the firft day of this retreat, General Knob- 
 loch, at the head of a considerable body of Pruf- 
 fian troops, marched againft the Ruffians, with 
 drums beating and colours flying ; but Suworow 
 directed the artillery with fuch erred, that the 
 very firfl grenades which were thrown, let fire 
 to a large magazine of hay, and blew up feveral 
 chefts of powder. The cannonade continued till 
 General Knobloch thought it neceflary to retreat. 
 This affair took place near the village of Reich- 
 enbach, at a fmall diilance from Breflau. 
 
 The body of light Ruffian troops proceeded 
 to take poll between two villages, called the great 
 and the little Wanderins, in the neighbourhood of 
 Ligntz, and about a mile and a half from the Pruf- 
 fian army. The defign of the King of Pruffia was 
 to interrupt the march of the Ruffians towards 
 the Convent of Wal i ft ad t ; but before day break 
 the Ruffian troops were in motion, and Suworow 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 2 9 
 
 attacked, with great ardour, the Prufikn advanc- 
 ed pofts, which, being forced to give way, were 
 immediately fupported, by the king's orders, with 
 feveral thoufand men. The Ruffians defended 
 themfelves with the moil: deliberate courage and 
 regained their firfb pofition. The Pruflians re- 
 turned feveral times to the attack, but without 
 fuccefs ; and though the main body of the army 
 was approaching to their fupport, the Ruffians 
 eftablilhed their camp at Walllladt, and enclofed 
 k with entrenchments. 
 
 Laudohn, who was in the neighbourhood, ad- 
 vanced with thirty fquadrons, when the king or- 
 dered a regiment of the Finkenflein dragoons to 
 arrack a flrong party of them : but, though the 
 Pruflians had the advantage in this engagement, 
 and made a confiderable number of prifoners, 
 they left many of their companions behind them 
 on the field. — The huflars of Woldum and Mala- 
 chowfki greatly diftinguifhed themfelves on the 
 occafion. The Pruflians encamped in the evening, 
 extending their left wing towards the Convent 
 of Wallftadt, and entrenched themfelves- They 
 had formed their camp at about half a mile at 
 mod from the Ruffians, but the latter finding 
 themfelves flraitened for their advanced pofts, Su- 
 wcrow and Lieutenant- Colonel Tekelly, attacked, 
 with a running fire, the ft r eng picquets of the 
 Pruffians, drove them in, and poileiTed themfelves 
 of the ground which their pofition required. 
 
 On the following day, after feveral ikifmiilies, 
 the corps of light Ruffian troops took the Con- 
 vent, which was defended by the artillery of the 
 
3* 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 Pruffians ; but they were foon diilodged, and the 
 place ftrengthened with a considerable garriion. 
 In a few days, that part of the army which the 
 king commanded in perfon returned to its nrit 
 pofition ; but his majefty foon quitted it for 
 Schweidnitz, where, contrary to his ufual practice, 
 he entrenched himfelf. 
 
 The imperial troops were in polTelTion of Lieg- 
 nitz ; to the left of which place was the Ruffian 
 camp ; and on the left of the camp was the im- 
 perial army, commanded by Loudohn, which, by 
 means of a detached corps, formed a communica- 
 tion with Liegnitz ; fo that the Prufiian army was, 
 in a great meafure, inclofed at Schweidnitz. 
 
 The troops being rather fcattered they drew 
 nearer to each other ; Suworow was ordered to 
 march with a Ruffian corps ; and with fixty Cof- 
 facs of Krafnofehi, he inftantly attacked a picquet 
 of Prufiian huifars confiding of about one hun- 
 dred men pofted on a hill. The Ruffians were 
 twice repuifed, but, on the third charge, they 
 routed the enemy and gained the height from 
 whence they faw the black and yellow regiments 
 of Prufiian huffars in the valley beneath them. In 
 this pofition he remained unmolefled, and receiv- 
 ing, in about two hours, a reinforcement of two 
 regiments of Couacs, amounting to about a thou- 
 fand men, he made a movement in order to at- 
 tack the enemy ; but, as the day began to de- 
 cline, the Piufiian troops retired to their camp - 9 
 and, during the night, the Ruffians took polTef- 
 tlcn of the ground which they had abandoned. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 3* 
 
 Various ikirmiflies took place between the hof- 
 tile troops ; but the Ruffians always contrived to 
 maintain their pofts. One morning, in particular, 
 Suworow with the two regiments of Popow and 
 Durowerow made fo clofe an attack on the Pruf- 
 fian entrenchments, that he faw very diftm&ly the 
 tents which formed the head-quarters of the king, 
 and drove back the black and yellow hufiars with 
 confiderable lofs. 
 
 Among the Pruffian deferters which continually 
 came over, one of them, who was a ferjeant, gave 
 Suworow a very minute account of the magazines 
 in Schweidnitz ; by which it appeared that the 
 tcwn was ftill fupplied with bread and forage for 
 three months. 
 
 Deferters were always fent to the head-quarters 
 of Field -Marfhal Butterlin, but Suworow advifed 
 General Berg to keep this ferjeant with him, leaft 
 his account of the actual ftate of Schweidnitz mould 
 induce the Field-Marlhal to change his prefent dif- 
 pofitions. General Berg, however, difregarded this 
 propofal : as foon, therefore, as it was known that 
 there was fuch a large fupply of provisions in the 
 place, and that the Pruffians who covered it could 
 maintain themfelves folong, the Ruffian army aban- 
 doned its pofition, Ton the 29th of Augu(t) and 
 encamped behind Leignitz, as it was pretended, 
 from the want of herbage. Laudohn was obliged 
 alfo, to his great mortification, to refume the pofi- 
 tion which he had already occupied. 
 
 In the beginning of the fummer, in the fame 
 year, Count Romanzow formed the blockade of 
 
3 2 
 
 Colberg. His Prufiian Majefly to relieve that place, 
 detached General Platen at the head of ten of 
 twelve thoufand men, with orders to direct his 
 march from Silefia, by Poland, and to deftroy, in 
 his way, the Ruffian magazines of provifions and 
 forage. On his route, he fell in with the Briga- 
 dier Tfcherepow, who commanded the referve of 
 the flying magazine ; and defended himfelf, with 
 ho more than a thoufand men, for two hours, 
 againft the Prufiian detachment ; but was at length 
 overpowered by numbers. The brigadier was 
 made prifoner, with eight hundred men, and the 
 lofs of four pieces of cannon, and they were all 
 fent off for Cuftin. The Ruffians loft two hun- 
 dred and the Pruffians four hundred men in this en- 
 gagement. 
 
 Field-Mar fhal Butterlin had ordered a body of 
 light troops to fet out on a falfe march, which was 
 fo well managed, that from the third day the Ruf- 
 fians had it in their power to overtake General Pla- 
 ten. This corps, which was entirely cavalry, con- 
 fitted of twenly fquadrons of horfe grenadiers, 
 twelve fquadrons of dragoons, thirty fquadrons of 
 huftars, five regiments of CofTacs, and fix pieces of 
 cannon. 
 
 General Berg, accompanied by Suworow, joined 
 the advanced guard with four fquadrons of caval- 
 ry, four regiments of Coftacs, and four pieces of 
 cannon ; and, by this forced march, he cut off Ge- 
 neral Platen from the grand magazines of Pofnania 
 and other places. 
 
 The advanced guard met the Prufilans in the en- 
 virons of Kortian,and the Brigadier-General Mil- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 33 
 
 gunow followed it with the main body at the diflance 
 of about a mile. General Berg accordingly direct- 
 ed him to join the advanced guard ; though the 
 Jatrer had received orders to begin the attack even 
 if that junction was not effected. 
 
 The Ruffians, availing themfelves of the obfcu- 
 rity of the night, traveried a thick wood, in order 
 to come upon the rear of the PrufTian camp : but 
 at break of day the Pruflians were already formed ; 
 their firil line being compofed of cavalry, and their 
 fecond of infantry. The Ruffian artillery, howe- 
 ver, fmall as it was, obliged them to change their 
 order, and to bring their infantry in front. The 
 Pruflians were now fupported by thirty pieces cf 
 cannon ; but the thicknefs of the wood prevented 
 a difcovery of the fmall number of Ruffian troops ; 
 fo that when it became broad day -light, the form- 
 er, inftead of making an attack, marched acrofs a 
 narrow way, between two pieces of water, with 
 their cavalry in the rear. General Berg purfuei 
 them with the advanced guard, and made two hun- 
 dred prifoners. 
 
 Brigadier Milgunow did not join the advanced 
 guard till the morrow, and frequent fkir mimes took 
 place during feveral fucceffive days, with various 
 iuccefs : they were, however, fufficient to force 
 General Platen to make a movement, in order to 
 fret into Pomerania, by the left bank of the river 
 Warta. The Ruffians, therefore, made a Hand 
 on the right bank, and threw every poffible obfta- 
 cle in the way of the enemy, to interrupt and re- 
 tard their march. 
 
 vol. I. 
 
 E 
 
34 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 Suworow, with a hundred Coflacs of the regi- 
 ment of Durowerow, fwam acrofs the river Netze 
 ro Driefen, and, during the night, marched fix 
 miles to Landfberg, a town fituste on the Warta. 
 He beat down the gates with large clubs, rufhed 
 into the town, and made two detachments of huf- 
 farSj confiding of about fifty men, with their offi- 
 cers, prifoners of war. He burned half the bridge 
 over the Warta, and remained in the place, till the 
 Pruffian detachment, under General Platen, arri- 
 ved on the oppofite bank. That officer immedi- 
 ately ordered pontoons to be thrown acrofs the 
 river ; and, in the mean time, directed the batta- 
 lion of the grenadiers of Arnim to pafs it in boats. 
 
 While thefe lefTer enterprizes were proceeding, 
 Lieutenant-General Prince Dolgorucki was detach- 
 ed from the Ruffian army in Silefia, to Colberg, 
 with a body of forces equal in number and equip- 
 ment to the Pruffian detachment under General 
 Platen, which had been appointed to the relief of 
 that place. The Prince proceeded in a direct line 
 to Arenfwald, and forced on his troops, by march- 
 es of greater length than thofe of the Pruffian ge- 
 neral. 
 
 Platen took hi* line of march from Landfberg 
 to Colberg, by the way of Regenwalde : General 
 Berg accordingly ordered Suworow to follow him, 
 with three regiments of Huffars and feven regiments 
 of CofTacs, to harrafs his flank ; in which they ef- 
 fectually fucceeded, by driving in his flank parties 
 on the right, and purfuing them almoft under the 
 cannon of the Pruffian detachment, which was port- 
 ed on an height : but, though it was by no mean? 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 35 
 
 inactive, it could not prevent him from taking two 
 hundred prifoners, dragoons and hulTars. 
 
 Several days were paflfed in (kirmifhing, till Su- 
 worow arrived at the river Rega, on whofe oppofite 
 bank he found the Prince Dolgorucki. He, there- 
 fore, returned to General Berg, at Stargard, while 
 Platen continued his march to Colberg. In his 
 way, the Pruffian general made an attack at Cor- 
 lin, where Major Welitfch, with a few hundred 
 men, covered a fmall magazine. That officer 
 made a very vigorous defence, during feveral hours, 
 but was at length obliged to yield to fuperior num- 
 bers. He and the troops which furvived the en- 
 gagement, furrendered prifoners of war ; and Ge- 
 neral Platen gave him that honourable reception 
 which his bravery deferved. 
 
 General Platen was, however, retarded by va- 
 rious accidents, and could not prevent Prince Dol- 
 gorucki from forming a junction with Count Ro- 
 manzow ; who had actually received orders from 
 Field-Marfhal Butterlin to abandon the blockade, 
 and to go into winter quarters, on account of the 
 advanced ftate of the feafon ; but, on being 
 Jtrengthened by fuch a confiderable reinforcement, 
 he determined to maintain his pofition. The King 
 of Pruffia, therefore, thought it neceflary to de- 
 tach another corps, under the command of General 
 Schenkendorf. 
 
 On the 15th of October, the Ruffians extended 
 themfelves, in different detachments, from the 
 environs of Stargard, along a line of five miles from 
 that town. Lieutenant. Colonel Tekelly was op- 
 
su wo row's 
 
 pofed to one of thefe detachments with fome fquad- 
 rons of huffars and Coffacs ; and General Berg 
 charged Suworow with the attack ; Tekelly, there- 
 fore, received a reinforcement, and Colonel Me- 
 dem alio haftened to join him with a fquadron of 
 the dragoons of Twer. 
 
 Before break of day, the Celiacs fell upon a 
 village which was occupied by infantry, and ren- 
 dered themfelves makers of it. The Pruffian de- 
 tachment was in a plain beyond it. The Ruffians 
 in coming out of a wood, along a very narrow 
 way, were much annoyed by two pieces of the 
 enemy's cannon , but as foon as they could extend 
 themfelves, Colonel Medem fell, fword in hand, 
 on the Pnimah battalion : Tekelly and Suworow 
 fupported him with the light troops ; cut off the 
 left flank of the PruiTians, which confifted chiefly 
 of huffars, and having, after a vigorous refinance, 
 driven them into a morafs, made prifoners of thofe 
 who h,ad efcaped the fword. In this engagement 
 Suworow and his horfe werebemired in the marfliy 
 ground, and a dragoon difplayed no common zeal 
 and activity in relieving him from the perilous fi- 
 tuation. 
 
 Towards the conclufion of the combat, Gener- 
 al Berg arrived with a large part of his corps. The 
 Ruffians now returned with their prifoners to Star- 
 gard, and Suworow remained with the rear guard. 
 But no fooner had they begun their march, than 
 feveral parties of the enemies troops were feen ad- 
 vancing from the hills againfl them, led on by the 
 regiment of Finkenflcin. Suworow had with him 
 about fixty Coffacs, with whom he inftantly feiz- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 37 
 
 cd a fquadron of huflars which immediately pre- 
 ceded him. With this handful of troops he ven- 
 tured to attack the enemy's dragoons on the two 
 wings, forced them to give way, and took two field 
 pieces with about twenty men. But as he was foon 
 furrounded by the enemy, there was no poflibility 
 of his efcaping but by cutting a pafiage through 
 them ; an erTort which was crowned with fuccefs. 
 He was under the neceflity of leaving the cannon ; 
 but he contrived to carry off his prifoners. Te- 
 kelly now rejoined him with fome fquadroijs of 
 huflars and three regiments of CofTacs. On re- 
 ceiving this reinforcement, he renewed the en- 
 gagement, which laded an hour. The Prufiians 
 loll about a thoufand men in killed and prifoners, 
 among whom was the commanding officer, Major 
 Podfcharli. , 
 
 The Prufllans had entrenched themfelves near 
 Colberg ; and their number was now augmented 
 to thirty-five thoufand men ; but though there 
 was an abundance of pro virions in the place/ the 
 army could not derive any advantage from that 
 circumftance, as ic had fo long been in a flate of 
 blockade. At the end of October, therefore, Gen- 
 eral Piaten marched to Stetrin, with 12, coo men, 
 in order to reyiSual his army; leaving behind 
 him a body of troops, amounting to 3000 in 
 Troppau, under the command of General Knob- 
 loch. At the fame time, in order to oppose his 
 paffage, General Berg- detached Colonel Schtf- 
 chetnew with two regiments of cavalry, and fome 
 fquadrons of huflars and CofTacs, which Count 
 Romanzow enforced with a very considerable de- 
 tachment. 
 
3§ 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 On the junction of Prince Dolgorucki with Ro- 
 manzow, the Ruffian army that blockaded Col- 
 berg was equal in number to that of the Pruf- 
 fians, whofe object was to relieve it. There were 
 frequent engagements between the advanced pofls 
 of the two armies ; redoubts and batteries were 
 alternately taken and abandoned ; but thefe par- 
 tial conteits did not bring on any decifive action. 
 
 The RufTian light troops advanced from the 
 environs of the village of Stargort againlt Gener- 
 al Platen, and the hoftiie parties approached each 
 other on the near fide of the river Rega. Gen- 
 eral 13erg entrufted the command to Colcnel 
 Schtfchetnew, and went himfelf, on horfeback, 
 efcorted by two fquadions of huiTars and as many 
 regiments of CoiTacs, to reconnoitre the Pruffians. 
 As he advanced from a wood, by a narrow way, 
 he found the PiuiTians ready to receive him. It 
 was their left wing which prefented itfelf in this 
 unexpected mannet : he, however, turned its flank 
 at full fpeed, without being incommoded by their 
 field-pieces ; but the dragoons purfued him fvvord 
 in hand. There was, about a quarter of a mile 
 before him, a tract of marfhy ground, ftveral hun- 
 dred paces in breadth, an obltacle which the Ruf- 
 fians lurmounted with gTeat difficulty. The Pruf- 
 lian dragoons and huiTars were clofe at their heels 
 but no looner had they palled the morafs in their 
 purfuit, than the Ruffians wheeled about, drove 
 them back into the ruidft of it, and took a confr- 
 dtrable number of them. 
 
 The main body of the Ruffians was Hill at 
 fome diftance. To the left cf the village, and 
 
CAMPAICNS. 
 
 39 
 
 about 3 or 400 paces from it, there was an open 
 road, which the regiment of Finkerflein dragoons 
 crofled, and halted on the banks of the river. The 
 Ruffian and Pruflian armies were now feparated 
 only by a fmall hill, and a very narrow hollow 
 way. When the firft PrulTian fquadron prefented 
 itfelf, Suworow, with two hundred huflars, turn- 
 ed them by the hollow way, attacked them fword 
 in hand. He was received with a difcharge of 
 their carbine?, and the a&ion was warmly con- 
 tended : but the fquadron was at length driven off 
 the field. The platoon firing of fome Pruflian 
 battalions, who were on the other fide of the riv- 
 er, was without effect. 
 
 In the mean time, the main body of the Ruf- 
 fians advanced : but as night approached the two 
 armies feparated, and the Pruffians returned to 
 their camp. 
 
 After a fuceemon of (kirmifhes, in which the 
 fuperior ilrength of the enemy predominated, Su- 
 worow applied to General Fermor, whofe head- 
 qaurters were in the neighbourhood of Arenfwald, 
 for a reinforcement, which was accordingly pro- 
 mifed to him. As he was on his return to Gen- 
 eral Berg, he was overtaken by a violent ftorm, 
 accompanied with heavy rain. He had only two 
 CotTacs with him, and having loft his way, in a 
 thick wood, on the next day came fuddenly upon 
 the Pruflian camp, which was within three miles 
 ofGolnau. Though nothing could be more un- 
 expected by him than fuch an accident, he avail- 
 ed himfelf of it to make obfervations, which on a 
 future cccafion were highly ufcful to him. He, 
 
40 
 
 su v, r o row's 
 
 however, quickly retraced his way to bis own corps, 
 which was not more than half a mile from the 
 Pruflian army. 
 
 He had not changed his clothes, when the Ruf- 
 fians proceeded to attack the enemy. In the mean 
 time, Prince Wolgonlky approached with two le- 
 giments of cuiräffiers, and Lieutenant- General 
 Count Panin was detached with three battalions by 
 General Fermor, who hirafelf followed with a con- 
 fiderable efcort. 
 
 Towards noon, the advanced guard of General 
 Platen, commanded by Colonel de la Motte Cour- 
 biere, moved forward to attack the Ruffians on a 
 large plain, without wood, and which, from the 
 inundation occafioned by the late ftorm, had the 
 appearanse of a morafs. This advanced guard 
 con filled of two battalion?, and about ten fquad- 
 rons of huflars and Bofnian cavalry. The Ruffian 
 hufiars which led the march were immediately de- 
 feated by the Prufflans, and among many others, 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Fuker was made piii'oner by 
 Kipfld, the Bofnian commandant. Six fquadrons 
 of horfe grenadiers followed the huiTars. — Suwo- 
 row overtook them, and placed himfelf at their 
 head. They had been haraffed in their march by 
 themufquetry of the enemy, but had not fu (lain ed 
 any considerable Iofs. At this time, Courbiere had 
 formed his battalions in a fquare, and the horfe 
 grenadiers, inftantly forming themfelves in lines, 
 attacked it with irrefnlible impetuofity. The fire 
 of the Pruflians was weak and ineffectual, from the 
 humid ftate of their pieces. They weie at length 
 furrounded, and the whole fquare threw down their 
 arms. Suworow immediately fetr about rallying his 
 hufTars ; and, having got them together, and 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 ft lengthened them with a party of Coffacs, he fell 
 fuddenly upon the Pruffian cavalry, who were ad- 
 vancing towards them, and made many prifoners ; 
 among- whom was Kiplki, the Bofnian command- 
 ant. Lieutenant-Colonel Fuker accordingly reco- 
 vered his liberty* 
 
 General Platen, who was not yet in motion, was 
 a quarter of a mile behind his advanced guard. 
 A body of foraging dragoons were in his front ; 
 but Suworow fell upon, and took the greater part 
 of them. 
 
 The detachment of Courbiere, which confifted, 
 including the foragers, of near two thoufand men, 
 had two hundred killed, and the reft were made 
 prifoners, among whom were forty fuperior and 
 field officers. The few who efcaped were indebted 
 for their prefer vation to the fwiftnefs of their hor- 
 fes. On the fide of the Ruffians, the huflars fuf- 
 fered the mod ; but the horfe grenadiers loft no 
 more than fifty men. 
 
 The troops that the Count Fermor had detached 
 were yet at a certain diftance ; while Generals 
 Berg and Wolgonfki remained in a village with 
 their forces. Platen now wheeled about, and 
 marched through the woods to Golnau : but he 
 only palTed through the place, where he left a 
 fmall number of infantry, and formed his camp 
 on the other fide of it. 
 
 Before day -break the Ruffians were in motion, 
 and halted on this fide the town ; the gate was im- 
 mediately cannonaded, but it was fo ftrongly bar- 
 
 vol. i* F 
 
su wo row's 
 
 ricadoed as to refift the attack. In confequence of 
 this failure, Panin, at a very early hour of the 
 morning, difpatched his grenadiers, under the 
 conduct of Suworow, and two battalions of fufi- 
 leers. 
 
 That officer brought his troops at once to the 
 gate, through which, and from the walls, the 
 PrufTians kept up a conftant fire, by which a cap- 
 tain and fome officers were killed. Suworow him- 
 felf loll his horfe, and was fome time on foot, while 
 his people were exerting themfelves to force the 
 larger gate : but at this moment Lieutenant Tau- 
 brin difengaged, with his own hand, a bayonet 
 that fattened the fmaller gate on the infide ; by 
 which means a palfage was opened for the grena- 
 diers, who rufhed into the ftreets, fell upon the 
 garrifon, made a great part of it prifoners, and 
 purfued the reft to the bridge on the other fide of 
 the town, and in fight of the Pruffian camp. — 
 Suworow was hurrying onwards, when fome of 
 his troops, who were behind, called upon him to 
 turn back, — and at that moment he found himfelf 
 alone with Taubrin. It was in this pofition he 
 received a contufion on his breaft from the rebound 
 of a mufket-ball, difcharged from the other fide 
 of the wall ; but it did not prove mortal. — He 
 immediately went into a houfe to bathe his wound 
 with brandy, till the fuperior aid of a furgeon 
 could be procured. 
 
 The ConntPenin had alfo entered the town with 
 his battalion, fo that the Ruffians were in complete 
 polTeffion of it ; but as it had never been their in- 
 tention to maintain it in the face of Platen's army, 
 they very foon abandoned it. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 43 
 
 The Ruffians now returned, in different bodies, 
 to their refpeclive ftations : but Platen proceeded 
 by Damm to Stetten. Berg alio marched with the 
 light troops to Treptow, where Knobloch was 
 blockaded with the three thoufand men he* com- 
 manded of the Pruffian body of referve. At his 
 approach, Knobloch furrendered himfelf prifoner to 
 Count Romanzow. In confequence of that event, 
 Berg returned to Stargard, where he generally fix- 
 ed his head quarters. 
 
 Colonel Medem being obliged, from his bad flats 
 of health, to fubmit to a fufpenfion of his military 
 fervice, Suworow took upon him the command of 
 the dragoons of Twer. 
 
 The Pruffians renewed their efforts on the fide of 
 Colberg, agamft the Ruffians, with flrong detach- 
 ments of obfervatian. General Berg, therefore, 
 immediately began his march with the left column 
 of his forces, and charged Suworow with the con- 
 duct of the right, which confided of three regi- 
 ments of huflais, two regiments of Celiacs, and the 
 regiment of dragoons of Twer. 
 
 He now advanced againfl Naugar ten, where two 
 battalions were polled, with Pomenfki's regiment 
 of dragoons. Suworow made his attack in two 
 lines, with intervals, and broke through the dra- 
 goons : he then charged the battalion of Prince Fer- 
 dinand, killed a confiderable number, and took up- 
 wards of a hundred prifoners ; the greater part of 
 which belonged to the Prince's own company. In 
 this attack, he very narrowly efcaped, for the horfe 
 he rode was twice wounded by mufquet-Pnot. The 
 
44 
 
 SU WO ROW S 
 
 Pruffians, however, kept up fuch a fire from the 
 houfes, that the Ruffians were compelled to retreat, 
 and formed upon a hill to the right. They left 
 many of their comrades behind them ; but, the 
 death of the brave Major Erdmann, was a fubject 
 of univerfal regret. 
 
 General Platen at length appeared with a conn- 
 derable convoy of provifions, which he was con- 
 cluding from Stettin to Colberg. He marched with 
 the main body of the army ; io that, though rhey 
 never quitted him, the Ruffians found it impcffible 
 to make an attempt with any profpecl of fuccefs. 
 
 Suworowhad fent thirty dragoons with an officer 
 on a foraging party, at a fmall distance from Re- 
 genwald, who were intercepted by a regiment of 
 Pruffian dragoons. He confidered them as loft; 
 but, on the next day, the brave officer and his par- 
 ty returned. He had loft only fix men, and in re- 
 venge had brought feveral priloners with him. 
 
 It was now the end of November ; the kz{on 
 extremely cold, rhe reads ftrewed with frozen 
 Pruffians. Forced marches had dellroyed their 
 clothes, and they were but wretchedly pioteäed 
 againft the inclemency of the weather. On the 
 contrary, the Ruffians were warmly clad, and loll 
 but few of their people. 
 
 Platen now approached Colberg ; the Ruffians 
 followed his example, and Suworow took poft, 
 with the dragoons of Twer and two other regi- 
 ments of horfe grenadiers, 'in the left wing of 
 Count Romanzow's army. 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 On the firft of December, Platen took his po- 
 rtion on a hill. The Ruffian cavalry had dif«. 
 mounted in confequence of the cold ; when the 
 Prullian artillery began to play upon the fknk of 
 the Ruffians, which compelled the horfe grenadiers 
 to retire to a greater diftance ; though they (till 
 remained near the dragoons of Twer, who had not 
 quitted their fituation. 
 
 The Ruffians were protected in front by a deep 
 hollow, formed by nature, which was now filled, 
 with fnow. It was, therefore, impoflible for the 
 enemy to attack them ; at the fame time, they were 
 equally prevented from attacking the enemy. On 
 the other fide of the ditch, there was a Pruffian 
 redoubt, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Sta- 
 kelberg, and defended by three companies of gre- 
 nadiers. The Ruffians affaulted this redoubt with 
 great fpirt, and were for fome time repulfed with 
 equal bravery ; but, at length, the commandant 
 was defeated and taken prifoner, with a part of his 
 troops and two pieces cf cannon. 
 
 Platen new endeavoured to introduce his pro- 
 vision- waggons into Colberg, by three different 
 pa (Tages, but fuch a conftarit fire was employed 
 againfl him from the Ruffian entrenchments, that 
 he found it impcffible to effect, his defign. In the 
 evening of the day, when he made this unfuccefs- 
 ful attempt, he retired with all his troops to Trep- 
 tau, and loft a great number of them from the fe- 
 verity of the frofl. The two battalions of Schenk- 
 endorf, which formed apart of the advanced pofts, 
 alone fuflained a lofs of fix hundred men. 
 
 t 
 
su wo row's 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel deHeyde, who commanded 
 in the town of Colberg, not having fuflicient pro- 
 vifions for the fupply of his garrifon, was under 
 the neceffity of refufmg Prince Eugene of Wurtem- 
 berg the quota he demanded ; who accordingly 
 left the place, and formed a junction with Platen. 
 There were now no Pruffians before Colberg ; and 
 Prince Eugene having quitted Platen, the latter was 
 left alone to conduct the remains of his army, which 
 had melted down from thirty-five to ten thoufand 
 men. With them, however, he bravely maintain- 
 ed his winter-quarters in Saxony. 
 
 The Ruffian light troops fldr£ed the Pruffians on 
 their march, and a few flight fkirmifhes took place 
 in the courfe of it. When General Platen removed 
 to Stargard, Suworow attacked his rear guard 
 with the dragoons of Twer, but he obtained no 
 advantage, as his cavalry floundered in a morals 
 which was not fufficiently frozen to bear them, and 
 where the jenemy's infantry could maintain their 
 ground. He efeaped, however, without any con- 
 fiderable lofs. 
 
 The fame night, General Berg threw fome gre- 
 nades into Stargard, at the moment when General 
 Platen had formed the defign to abandon it. 
 
 On the 1 6th of December, Colonel de Heyde, 
 furrendeied to Count Romanzow, and thus this 
 
 campaign was brought to a termination. 
 
 The latter remained in Pomerania with the light 
 troops, and the Count Fermor, with the reft of the 
 army, fixed his winter quarters cn the banks of the 
 Viftula. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 On the 1 6th of March, 1762, the Prince Mo!- 
 gonfkiand the Düke of Bevern, governor of Stet- 
 tin, agreed to an arrniftice ; that was followed by 
 a treaty of peace between Ruffia and Pruilia, which 
 was iigned on the 5th of May in the fame year. 
 
 In the courfe of the fame month, General Berg, 
 accompanied by feveral of his officers, paid a vifit 
 to the Duke of Bevern, and was received with 
 fplendid hofpitality. A füperb entertainment was 
 provided on the occafion, and the evening was 
 enlivened with the dance. On the following morn- 
 ing, the duke accompanied his vifitors on horfe- 
 back through every part of the fortrefs, and its 
 out-works. He paid particular attention to Su- 
 worow, and permitted him to copy a plan of the 
 campaign which was then meditated againll Den- 
 mark. All the Ruffian officers remained at Stet- 
 tin till the next day, when they took leave, highly 
 pleafed and flattered by the very polite and hofpita- 
 ble reception of the Duke öf Bevern. 
 
 Colonel Med um returned to his regiment of 
 Twer, when Suworow received the command of 
 the regiment of dragoons of Archangelgorod. — 
 Although he was attached to the infantry fervice, 
 Count Romanzow prefented him, at the general 
 promotion, as colonel of cavalry, from his fupeiior 
 knowledge in that department of the army ; but 
 there were certain obstacles which caufed that line 
 of promotion to be abandoned. Soon after, the 
 Count Panin, who commanded in Pomerania, lent 
 him to Peteifburg with an account of the return of 
 the troops. On this occafion, he gave him a fpe- 
 cial letter of recommendation to the Emprefs, who 
 prefented him with a Colonel's comnnffi:)n, written 
 with her own hand. 
 
SUWOROW'S 
 
 CHAP. iL 
 
 SU WO ROW IS ADVANCED TO THE RANK OF BRIG A- 
 
 DIER. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE CONFEDERATES 
 
 IN ROLAND. 
 
 IN the month of Auguft, 1762, Suwor- 
 ow was appointed colonel of the regi- 
 ment of infantry of Altrachan, which was in gar- 
 rifon at Peterfburgh ; and when the ceremonial 
 of her coronation called the emprefs to Mofcow, 
 fhe ordered him to remain at Peterfburgh, where 
 fhe charged him with the execution of fome very 
 important commiflions, After her return, his re- 
 giment was fent to dillant fervice, and was replac- 
 ed by the infantry regiment of Sufdal, confining 
 of more than a thoufand men, of which he received 
 the command in 1763. Suworow employed him- 
 felf very much in forwarding the new manoeuvres, 
 which were introduced into the Ruffian fervice at 
 that period ; and the emprefs exprefled great fatis- 
 faclion when fhe firft faw them pradifed at a review, 
 which fhe honoured with her prefence, in the be- 
 ginning of the autumn. The officers were permit- 
 ted to kifs her hand, and every private foldier re- 
 ceived a rouble for his particular gratification. 
 
 In the autumn of the following year, Colonel 
 Suworow went, with his regiment, into garrifon at 
 Ladoga. 
 
 In 1765,3 camp of exercife, confifling of thirty 
 thoufand men, was formed on a large plain before 
 Kfarccfelo. The emprefs commanded, in perfon, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 49 
 
 the divifion of St. Peterfburg ; and the Count 
 Panin commanded that of Finland. Suworow was 
 there, among the light troops, with the firft batta- 
 lion of his regiment ; the lecond battalion, com- 
 manded by Lieutenant-Colonel Ballabin, being ap- 
 pointed to do duty at the head-quarters of her 
 imperial majefty. The camp continued during fix 
 days, when the divifions feparated, and Suworow's 
 regiment returned to Ladoga. 
 
 In 1 76S, Colonel Suworow was advanced to the 
 rank of brigadier ; and, as the war was juft com- 
 menced againft the confederates of Poland, he was 
 ordered to repair, with all fpeed, to the frontiers of 
 that kingdom, in the courfe of November, and in 
 the moft unfavourable feafon of the year. In order 
 to habituate his regiment to the fatigues of war, he 
 proceeded from Ladoga to Nowogorod. He pafied 
 various bridges, croffed rivers and morafles, whofe 
 paflage was rendered more difficult by flight frofts, 
 and traverfed a thoufand verfts, or five hundred 
 Englifh miles, in the courfe of a month. In this 
 extraordinary and fatiguing march, he loft only a 
 few men in the environs of Smolenfko. 
 
 The body of troops which marched into Poland, 
 confided of four regiments of infantry, two regi- 
 ments of cuiraffiers, and two brigadiers, under the 
 command in chief of Lieutenant-General Numner. 
 Suworow commanded a brigade. During the win- 
 ter, he w r as continually engaged in improving his 
 regiment in their manoeuvres, and habituating them 
 to every a&ion that would be required, and every 
 circumftance that might happen, in a ftate of aftual 
 fervice. 
 
 vol. 1. G 
 
5s 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 In the following fummer of 1769, thefe troops 
 were ftationed on the frontiers of Poland. General 
 Numner took his route to Oifa, and Brigadier Su- 
 worow had preceded him, fome days, with the 
 advanced guard. It was compofed of a fquadron 
 of cuiraftiers, a fquadron of dragoons, and his own 
 regiment of Sufdal. He had diftributed the whole 
 into four battalions ; one of grenadiers, another of 
 tirailleurs, and two of fufileers. They remained 
 for fome weeks in an entrenched camp, before Orfa, 
 and then proceeded on their march to Miniki, the 
 advanced guard being conducted by Suworow. On 
 his arrival in that country, he extinguished on their 
 firft appearance, the difturbances that threatened it. 
 He did not, however, remain there for any length of 
 time, but was difpatched in great hafte to Warfavr 
 with his regiment, and two fquadrons of dragoons ; 
 and to facilitate the march, he diftributed his corps 
 into two columns. All his infantry was conveyed on 
 farmer's waggons, with bayonets fixed, that they 
 might be prepared for any fudden attack. One 
 half of the dragoons, in order to fave their horfes, 
 went alternately in the waggons, and the other 
 half led the horfes of their comrades. Thus they 
 travelled, and in twelve days arrived in the fuburbs 
 of Praga, on the other fide of Warfaw. 
 
 In his march, Suworow crolTed Lithuania, where 
 he appeafed the difcontents of the people. The 
 Hulan regiments of Peliak and Korfiyki being en- 
 camped in the environs of Brzefcia, he furprifed 
 them during the night, by levelling a cannon, which 
 had been efcorted by a company of infantry, again ft 
 the door of the principal officer's quarters. The 
 reft of the troops remained as a body of referve, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 and the bufinefs was completed without efTufion of 
 blood. The two chiefs, with their officers and 
 fquadrons, gave a written engagement never more 
 to take up arms againft the Ruffians, and immedi- 
 ately abandoned the confederacy. 
 
 General Weimarn being appointed to the princi- 
 pal command in Poland, he ordered Brigadier Su- 
 worow to attend him fecretly in the night, and 
 informed him that very great uneafinefs prevailed 
 throughout the city of Warfaw, which were occafi- 
 oned by the march of the rebel Marfhal Kotelup- 
 owlki, who was advancing with eight thoufani 
 men, as well by land as on the Viftula. — Suworow 
 immediately collected a company of grenadiers, a 
 fquadron of dragoons, fifty light troops, and fome 
 Coffacs, with one piece of artillery, and proceeded 
 up the left bank of the Viftula ; and when he had 
 advanced about a mile, he croffed the river, at a 
 place where it was not of any great depth, to meet 
 Kotelupowfki ; whom he completely routed, and 
 made feveral prifoners. From the latter he endea- 
 voured to difcover the real number of the confede- 
 rates, as well as the detachments of their troops, 
 the places where they were ftationed, and the names 
 •f their chiefs. 
 
 In the courfe of a few weeks it was known, that 
 the two Marfhals Pulawfki, as well as others of 
 equal rank, were in Lithuania with ten thoufand 
 confederates. Suworow, accordingly, put himfelf 
 in motion with a detachment, compofed of one 
 company of grenadiers, two companies of fufileers, 
 a tight battalion of tirailleurs, a fquadron of dra- 
 goons, fifty Coffacs, and two pieces cf cannon. By 
 
5* 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 forced marches he arrived at Brzefcia, where he 
 received a confirmation of the preceding intelli- 
 gence. 
 
 The confederates were clofely followed by Colo- 
 nel Roenne, with two thoufand men, and by Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel Drewiz, with fifteen hundred. — 
 Under thefe circumftances, Suworow did not make 
 any ftay at Brzefcia ; he only entered it to ftation 
 a part of his troops there, in order to maintain the 
 poft, and was not prevented by the night from 
 proceeding with the remainder. In the morning 
 they fell in with a patrole of fifty carabineers, «hieb 
 Colonel Roenne had fent out on a reconnoitring 
 party, ur.der the command of Count Galielii, cap- 
 tain of cavalry, and they took this patrole along 
 with them. 
 
 t 
 
 About neon, and after a march of three miles, 
 this fmall detachment difcovered the confederates : 
 they confided of cavalry alone, and were ftationed 
 in the depth of a wood. Suworow, accordingly, 
 proceeded by two defiles, till he csme to a morals, 
 with a bridge that was covered by a battery of the 
 enemy, containing two cannons ; which was all the 
 artillery the confederates poiTelTed. The column 
 cf infantry palled the bridge with great rapidity ; 
 and fuftained feme lofs fiom the fire which was 
 directed at it ; when, having the wood in their 
 rear, they found themfelves, in a moment, in the 
 front of the enemy's lines, which preferred them- 
 felves in a femi -circular form on an open plain. 
 This fpot was the centre of the cenfederate army, 
 fo that the Ruffians were, in a great meafure, fur- 
 rounded. Suworow, at the head cf fifty dragoons, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 53 
 
 inftantly rulhed upon the battery, but, not being 
 fupported by his people, was in a fituation of great 
 danger ; while the confederates, inftead of employ- 
 ing their cannon in defending it, had drawn them 
 behind their lines, as it appeared, with a view to 
 preferve them, and they fucceeded. They, how- 
 ever, inftantly attacked the Ruffian infantry m 
 front, with the greater part of their fquadron ; the 
 former, however, defended themfelves with diftin- 
 guiihed bravery, and being very expert in the life 
 of the firelock, dealt deftruction around them : at 
 length, after a very fsvere conteft, the confederates 
 were forced to give way. They returned, howe- 
 ver, four times to the charge, with frefh fquadrons, 
 - and were as often compelled to fly from the galling 
 power of the Ruffian mufquetry. The Count Caf- 
 telli, with the carabineers, purfued them in the r r 
 fuccellive retreats, and put a great number to the 
 fword. He was alfo attacked, in his turn, by the 
 elder Pulawfki, the fenior marffial of the confede- 
 rates, who received a piftol mot in the encounter, 
 of which he died on the following day. 
 
 The CofTacs were fcr.ttcred in fmall parties cn 
 the rear of the Ruffian troops, which could not be 
 attacked, as it was completely protected by the 
 wood ; and the confederates did not attempt, to 
 difmount, and continue the engagement on fcor. 
 Neveirhelefs, the major on duty frequently exclaim- 
 ed, that they were cut off: for wimh ill-founded 
 alarm, Suworow ordered him to be put under im- 
 mediate arreil. 
 
 The night was new approaching ; and the con- 
 federates had formed their lines in front of the viU 
 
54 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 läge of Orzechoba ; which, by difcharging grenades 
 from a howitzer, was foon fet on fire ; and, the 
 infantry feizing the moment of alarm to attack the 
 enemy with bayonets fixed, they fled in great dif- 
 order through the flames of the village. Suworow 
 ordered his fmall body of cavalry to follow them. 
 In the purfuit, they met Pinfki's regiment of dra- 
 goons, which confifted of only one hundred men, 
 who inflantly difmounted, in order to continue the 
 engagement with advantage, from behind the 
 hedges ; but the greater part of them were either 
 cut in pieces, or made prifoners of war. The con- 
 federates made fome attempts to renew the engage- 
 ment, but Suworow having ordered a conftant fire 
 to be kept up in the wood, whole echoes might 
 deceive them as to the number of his troops, they 
 foon wheeled about, and left him matter of the 
 field. They loft on this occafion about a thoufand 
 men, among whom were feveral officers ; with a 
 hundred prifoners, who were immediately fent off 
 to Warfaw. This body of confederates did not 
 amount to more than half the number which had 
 been originally reported. 
 
 Suworow now took his route to Lublin, and 
 ordered the troops, which he had left at Brzefcia, 
 to follow him. 
 
 Lublin is a central point »of Poland and Lithua- 
 nia. This circumftance determined the brigadier 
 to fix on this town as a proper place for eftablifhing 
 his cantonment, though it was not capable of being 
 defended. It poflefTed a long extent of walls, which 
 were in a very ruinous flate, and an old caflle, 
 that had often been befieged, and taken by Peter 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 SS 
 
 the Firft, Charles the Twelfth, and the Kings Au- 
 guftus and Staniflaus ; nor had fince received any 
 reparation. Suworow feized upon the fmail towns 
 in the vicinity of Lublin, feveral of which were 
 defended by fortifications. After fome time, he 
 eftablifhed communications with Cracow, and San- 
 domir, a place of fome ftrength. He occafionally 
 placed a garrifon in Opatow, which is alfo on the 
 other fide of the Viftula ; but he made Lublin the 
 depot of his artillery, (lores, and magazines ; and 
 from thence fent out his parties, as circumftances 
 might require. He was continually pafling the 
 Viftula, to Pulava, to Urfchentowa, to Zawitfch- 
 voft, as well as to Sandimir ; and maintained his 
 pofition during the time of his abode in Poland, 
 which occupied a fpace of near three years. 
 
 His corps was foon reinforced by that part of his 
 regiment of Sundal, which he had left atPraga, as 
 well as by two companies of the grenadiers of Nar- 
 va, and an equal number of the regiment of carabi- 
 neers of Peterfburg, and of the third regiment of 
 cuiraflieurs ; but he had not more than a hundred 
 Coffees. 
 
 The Ruffian army in Poland required the eftab- 
 lifhment of four major-generals, and Suworow was 
 accordingly advanced to that rank, on the firft of 
 January, 1770. 
 
 We (hall pafs over the many flight engagements 
 which took place in the courfe of this year, and 
 only dwell upon fuch as were diftinguifhed by cir- 
 cumftances which demand a particular defcription. 
 Jn the month of April, Major-General Suworovr 
 
56 su wo row's 
 
 palled the Viftirla st Zawr (Vhwoft, in fearch of Co- 
 lonel Nofchmfki, of Saridimrr. He took with him 
 on this occafion, two companies of fufileers, two 
 fquadrons of carabineers, fifty CofTacs,and two field 
 pieces : and the Colonel being at Clementow, he 
 directed his march to that place. As this fmall de- 
 tachment was paffing a village in the night, the re- 
 port cf a carbine, which was accidentally discharg- 
 ed, brought cut fome pealants from their cottages, 
 who were immediately employed as guides by the 
 Ruffian troops, and discovered to them that they 
 were ciöfe upon the confederates, whom they ima- 
 gined to be at a confiderable diftance. 
 
 They accordingly fell in with the enemy at day- 
 break, who were already on hotfeback to receive 
 them. They confided of about a thoufand men, 
 had taken their pofirion on a plain by the fide cf a 
 wood, and their fquadrons were formed in fmall 
 fquares. Suworow advanced again ft them with 
 the carabineers, who, notwithstanding his orders 
 to the contrary, difcharged their pieces, and im- 
 mediately halted : the confederate troops, however, 
 received the fire with a fteady compofure. He then 
 ordered the infantry to advance with all poffible 
 fpeed, and, after a difcharge of mufquetry, they 
 rufhed on with their bayonets. But the enemy, 
 for fome time, kept up a very fmart fire with fix 
 field-pieces, and then retreated : and though they 
 continued to defend themfelves, the cavalry purfu- 
 ed them with great daughter. During the engage- 
 ment, the major-general ordered a party to take 
 poffeffion of Clementow ; and the confederates 
 difperfed themfelves in the wood. They loft all 
 their artillery, with near three hundred men ; while 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 57 
 
 the Ruffians did not lofe more than a fixth part of 
 that number. 
 
 In the middle of the fummer, when Colonel 
 Mofchinfki had received a reinforcement, Suworow 
 gained a fecond victory over him at Opatow, killed 
 a hundred of his men, and made as many prifoners, 
 the greater part of which had been wounded in the 
 engagement. 
 
 In the courfe of the autumn, Major- General 
 Suworow attempted an operation on the Viftula, 
 but, from the rapidity of the current, he miffed the 
 pontoon, in leaping from the bank, and, falling 
 into the river, was in great danger of being drown- 
 ed. After many fruitlefs attempts to fave him, a 
 grenadier feized a lock of his hair, and drew him 
 to the bank ; but in getting out of the water, he 
 flruck his breaft againft a pontoon, which caufed a 
 violent contufion that threatened his life ; and from 
 which he did not recover for feveral months. 
 
 Towards the end of the year, the emprefs graci- 
 oufly fent him the order of Saint Anne. 
 
 In the month of March, 1771, Suworow left 
 Libnin with four companies of infantry, three fquad- 
 rons of carabineers, about a hundred ColTacs, and 
 fome field pieces, and palled the Viflula, near San- 
 domir. In his march to Cracow, he was fuccefsful 
 in feveral fmall engagements, and at length attacked 
 Landfkroon, a town about four miles diftant from 
 that city. Here he experienced a very vigorous 
 refiftance ; and though he foon made himfelf matter 
 of the place, he found it impracticable to take the 
 cattle. The Ruffians fuffered greatly both in killed 
 
 vol. 1. H 
 
5« 
 
 3 U WO ROW'S 
 
 and wounded, from the mufquetry of the confede- 
 rates. The general himfelf appears to have been 
 in great danger, as his hat and coat were pierced 
 with bullets. On his letiring to repofe himfelf in 
 a neighbouring village, he was attacked by the con- 
 federate General Schutz. The contefl was but of 
 fhort duration, and after fome lofs on both fides, 
 Schutz thought it prudent to retreat. 
 
 While General Suworow was abfent from Lublin, 
 a confiderable number of the confederates had af- 
 fembled in that canton where Colonel Stakelberg 
 then commanded. He, therefore, returned thither 
 by forced marches, and, in his way, took the fmall 
 town of Cafimir. The cavalry entered firft, and 
 immediately routed the greater part of the confede- 
 rates who occupied it ; while many of them fled 
 and hid themfeives. On the arrival of the infantry, 
 an immediate fearch was made after them ; and 
 the general having ordered them, for that purpofe, 
 to diftribute themfeives in all the (beets ; fo it hap- 
 pened, that he was entirely left alone. At this mo- 
 ment perceiving in a large barn, a party of cavalry 
 who had fled, he addrefied them in a friendly 
 manner, promifed them a pardon, and ordered 
 them to come forth. The commanding officer 
 immediately quitted the building, and his people 
 followed him on foot, leading their horfes, but 
 unfortunately fome CofTacs arriving at the fpot, one 
 of them difcharged a piftol at the Poles, who im- 
 mediately fired at the offender, but without mani- 
 fefting the leafl intention to hurt Suworow, and 
 retired into thebarn, where they enclofed themfeives. 
 The general ordered it to be inllantly inverted, and 
 threatened to burn it, if they did not furrender them- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 59 
 
 felves. Alarmed at the menace, they immediately 
 fubmitted. It was the fird and fined fquadromof 
 Maifhal Saba, confiding of fifty men. In this un- 
 expccleJ attack, a hundred Poles were killed, and 
 three hundred taken prifoners. 
 
 It was not eafy to decide whether it would have 
 been a prudent meafure, at this time, to attack 
 Marfhal Pulawfki, with whom Saba, with a confid- 
 erable body of troops, had jud formed a junction j 
 efpecially as the Ruffians were fo charged with 
 prifoners ; but Suworow had learned the art of ap- 
 plying his meafures to the circumfiances around 
 him : he accordingly ordered the infantry to ad- 
 vance to the attack. They were no more than five 
 miles from Krafnik, which was actually befieged 
 by the confederates, and was gallantly defended by 
 three companies of the Sufdal regiment. However, 
 on the arrival of Suworow, the confederates dif- 
 perfed themfelves in the woods, and he did not 
 think it necelfary to attempt an engagement with 
 them. 
 
 Suworow had not been long returned to Lublin, 
 when he was informed by General Weimar, that 
 the confederates were taking ^§fitions round Cra- 
 cow, and that they conti ived to cut off his convoys 
 of provifions, though he had a dreng Ruffian gar- 
 rifon in the place. 
 
 Accordingly, in the middle of May, the general 
 put himfelf in motion, with four companies of gre- 
 nadiers, a battalion of fufileers, eight field-pieces 
 and moilars, live fquadrons of carabineers, and 
 eighty Ccffacs. He halted upen the left bank of 
 
6o 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 the Viftula, but made no attempt to pafs it. In 
 this pofition it feldom happened that a day palled 
 without being engaged with parties of confederates, 
 which were fometimes very numerous. On ap- 
 proaching the river Duneyetz, Suworow found the 
 confederates in considerable force. Accordingly, 
 he thought it necefiary to form a battery for the 
 purpofe of commanding a palTage ; but as the river 
 was deep and the Ruffians were not furnifhed with 
 pontoons, the grenadiers who firft attempted to 
 pals it, found themlelves up to their necks in the 
 water : Colonel Tfchepelow, however, difcovered 
 a ford at a very fmall diftance, and he conducted 
 the cavalry over it, under the protection of the bat- 
 tery. He immediately attacked the advanced pofts, 
 the infantry followed him, and the confederates 
 fuftained a very heavy lofs. Some fquadrons of the 
 enemy's dragoons had ported themfelves on the 
 mines of Belitfcha, and at firft made fome refin- 
 ance, but when the infantry arrived, they retired 
 to the neighbourhood of Cracow. 
 
 Towards noon General Suworow proceeded to 
 that city, where Colonel Drewiz commanded a 
 regiment of Tfchugujewfki, a regiment of the Don 
 CofTacs, four companies of infantry, and as many 
 of carabineers. As night approached, this body 
 of troops marched to Tynez, a fortified town at 
 the diftance of a mile from Cracow. Drewiz was 
 ordered to pufli forward, when he fell in with a 
 numerous body of confederate cavalry, who were 
 enjoying the iweets of fleep, nor did he difturb 
 them ; but by the time the general arrived, they 
 were all mounted, and at the moment of their de- 
 parture. He immediately ordered the two firft 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 61 
 
 companies of grenadiers to make an aiTauk upon a 
 redoubt, defended by a hundred men, and two 
 pieces of cannon. They foon got pofleffion of it 
 with fmall lois, and put almoft all the garrifon to 
 the fvvord : but could only bring off one piece of 
 artillery. 
 
 Here Suworow remained, and did not make an 
 aflault upon Tynez, which was too well fortified 
 tojuftify fuch a proceeding. On the following day, 
 he marched to Landfkron, and drew up his troops 
 on the heights before the town, in order of battle, 
 when a very fmart {kirmifh immediately followed. 
 The confederates, to the number of four thoufand, 
 had their left wing fupported by Landfkron, and 
 their right extended to the left of the Ruffians. In 
 their front were a hundred and fifty chaffeurs, com- 
 manded by a French officer, and at the diflance cf 
 a quarter of a mile there was fome very rough 
 ground. Suworow ordered the Coffiacs of Tfchu- 
 gujewfki to charge the chafieurs, and Colonel 
 Tfchepetow, with a fquadron of carabineers, to 
 fupport them. The Cofiacs immediately flew to 
 the attack, and a considerable part of the chalTeurs 
 were left dead on the field. The aclion was on 
 the point of becoming general, when the confede- 
 rates began to give way : their Tight wing was the 
 firfl to retreat, and the Ruffian cavalry purfued 
 them for upwards of a mile, towards Biala, on the 
 frontiers of Silefia. Five hundred men loft their 
 lives on this occafion, among whom were the Mar- 
 ffial Orzefcha of Lithuania, and the Prince Sapieha, 
 of Great Poland. The Ruffians made two hundred 
 prifoners, and Marfhal Loffiozki, ofWarfaw, and 
 Miarnzinlki, were of the number. The French 
 
6z 
 
 s t j wo row's 
 
 Brigadier. General Dumourier, (fmce become fo 
 notorious, from his conduct in the early campaigns 
 of the prefent war; was at the head of the confede- 
 rates on this octaßon ; but fcon quitted them, and 
 returned to France. 
 
 After this engagement, General Suworow re- 
 tained the Don Coffees of Drewiz in his fervice, 
 and fet off on his return to Lublin. As he ap- 
 proached the little river Son, he pafled near a 
 wood, from whence he received a veiy brifk fire ; 
 but continued his route without returning it. Soon 
 after, he met a part of the Warfaw confederates, 
 confining of five hundred drsgocns and Huflars. 
 They charged the Ruffian cavalry with great bra- 
 very, but were received fword in hand, and, after 
 a vigorous refinance, with fome lofs on both fides, 
 were fin ally repulfed. 
 
 During this time, Pulawfki, with two thcufand 
 men, had rendered himfelf mailer of Zamofcie ; 
 from whence Suworow refolved to diflodge him. 
 The Polifh maifhaJ, however, did not wait for his 
 arrival, but came out of the town to give him bat- 
 tle : but his troops were fcarcely formed, when 
 the Ruffian cavalry and Celiacs fell unexpectedly 
 upon them, and, after feme refinance, put them 
 to the rcut ; with the lofs of two hundred killed, 
 and as many piifoners, among whom were eight 
 officers. The general now returned to Lublin. 
 
 At this period, the emprefs conferred on Major- 
 General Suworow the Order of Saint George, of 
 the third clafs, as a testimony of the fatisfadtion fhe 
 had received from his fervices. 
 
CAMPAIGNS* 
 
 The outermofl: pofl on the left wing of the garri- 
 fon was at Sokal, on the river Bug, and confided 
 of forne fufileers, with two corporals, and half a 
 fquadron of dragoons, under the command of a 
 lieutenant named Wedeniapin. Some time before, 
 Suworow had presented him with a piece of artillery 
 lhat had been taken from the Poles ; and he inftant- 
 ly thought himfelf a great commander. He ac- 
 cordingly opened his campiagn without orders, and 
 marched by Lemberg to the fmall town of Tomor- 
 loff, where he commanded — Iiis dinner ; but before 
 he could complete the important fervice of eating 
 it, he was furprized by fome inhofpitable confede- 
 rates, led on by Colonel Novifki ; and inflead of 
 attacking his foup, he was obliged to defend himfelf. 
 Though fome of the dragoons cut their way through 
 the enemy, the greater part of his infantry were 
 made mince-meat, and the reft, to the number of 
 fifteen, furrenderei as piifoners, and their gallant 
 commander along with them. 
 
 About a month afterwards, Novifki, with a fu- 
 perb detachment of cavalry, confiding of a thoufand 
 men, marched to Krafnik, which was at no great 
 diflance from the place where Suworow then was. 
 At that time, the latter had fent feveral parties into 
 Lithuania and Poland, as he frequency did, to 
 prevent the confederates from reinforcing them- 
 felves ; fo that he had but a very frnail force with 
 him. 
 
 On receiving intelligence of Novifki's approach, 
 Suworow immediately detached two companies of 
 infantry, with two field pieces, a fquadron of cara- 
 bineers, and fome Cofiacs, under the command of 
 
64 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 a field-officer. It was his wifh to have entrufled 
 this bufinefs to Bhergotz, a captain of cavalry, and 
 the only partifan who was then with him ; but he 
 was nor to be found at the moment when he was 
 wanted. The field-officer, therefore, marched 
 againll Novifki, but not thinking himfelf fufficient- 
 ]y flrong, he turned afide, and did net choofe to 
 rifk an engagement. 
 
 Novifki proceeded towards Krofnaflow, where 
 there was a fquadron of cuiraffiers, with a company 
 of fufileers, and fome CofTacs. Suworow detached 
 fomr fquadrons of cavalry to harafs him on his 
 route, and then went himfelf, with fix CofTacs, 
 and fome officers, to join the field-officer who has 
 been already mentioned ; and, as foon as it was 
 night, he fent Beflufchow, with a CoiTac, to make 
 enquiries in a neighbonring chateau. Novifki was 
 actually there with a part of his people ; but the 
 mafter of the place faved Beflufchow, by letting 
 him through a garden-gate, without being percei- 
 ved ; and the latter haftened to a part of the wood 
 which had been appointed, in order to make his 
 report. 
 
 About midnight, the general entered Krafnoflow, 
 where he found the troops which he had already 
 difpatched there ; and, having got together all his 
 people who had been cantoned in that place, with 
 a twelve pounder, he inflantly departed. 
 
 Novifki had now polled himfelf in a wood, about 
 four miles to the right of Krafnoflow ; and, about 
 noon, the Ruffians came up with him ; when Su- 
 worow, paffing the bridge of a mill, at the head 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 65 
 
 of his dragoons, began the attack. The confede- 
 rates defended themfelves with great bravery ; but, 
 after a vigorous refiftance, were difperfed and pur- 
 fued. 
 
 The Ruffian general returned by Krafnoftow to 
 Lublin, and Novifki went back to Biala. A party 
 of the confederates fell in with Kitriow, a Ruffian 
 officer of dragoons, who, having been wounded in 
 the late action, was now returning on a waggon ; 
 but the Poles fufFered him and his fmall efcort to 
 pafs on without interruption. 
 
 In the beginning of the month of Auguft, the 
 famous Kofakowika, one of the confederates who 
 had taken refuge in Hungary, arrived in Lithua- 
 nia, and, by his extraordinary talents and exer- 
 tions, threw the duchy into a flame. He had col- 
 lected a large body of recruits, and had excited the 
 regular troops to revolt and join the confederation. 
 
 The Count Orginfki, grand marfhal of Lithuania, 
 came from Warfaw, in order to take the command. 
 At the fame time Kofakowfki publifhed manifeftoes, 
 admirably calculated to influence the people to 
 whom they were addreffed j and, though he con- 
 ferred the title of marfhal on others, according to 
 his good pleafure, he appeared to confider himfelf 
 in thefe papers, as nothing more than a common 
 citizen of Lithuania. He clothed the troops which 
 he had juft raifed, in a black uniform. 
 
 The Colonels Turing and Drewiz were detached 
 againft this new confederation in Lithuania with 
 upwards of two thoufand men, and a fufficient ar- 
 vol. 1. I 
 
66 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 tillery equipment. A Ruffian corps had alfo arri- 
 ved, under the command of General Kafchin, 
 which was appointed to cover the frontiers of Li- 
 thuania. The Peterfburg legion was alfo cantoned 
 by battalions in that duchy. One of them, how- 
 ever, commanded by Colonel Abutchef, was fur* 
 prifed by the army of Lithuania ; and, after a very 
 brave defence, was obliged to furrender. This 
 battalion ccnfifted of five hundred men, with fifteen 
 officers, and two pieces of cannon. The Count 
 Ogynfki received the officers at his own table, per- 
 mitted them to retain their fwords, and indulged 
 them to be on their parole. 
 
 The lofs of this battalion foon reached General 
 Suworow, at Lublin ; and he immediately began 
 his maich with two companies of grenadiers, an 
 equal number of fufileers, a fquadron of carabineers, 
 and fifty CofTacs. With this fmall body of troops, 
 and with only two Licornes, he proceeded by Kozk 
 to Biala, in Lithuania. He there reinforced him- 
 felf with the legion of Peterfburg, commanded by 
 Colonel Gaerner, one fquadron of cuir2lTier$, and 
 another of dragoons, with two grenadier and fufi- 
 leer companies, and fifty CofTacs ; the whole of 
 which did not exceed a thoufaud men. With this 
 force he immediately proceeded to penetrate into 
 the heart of Lithuania. 
 
 Towards the clofe of the third day, he received 
 accounts that the confederates were not more than 
 four miles from him, in a very advanrageous pe ll 
 before Stalowiz. He well knew that he could 
 depend upon his troops, who were inured to war, 
 with all the fatigue and dangers attendant upon it. 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 67 
 
 In the evening, therefore, they began their march, 
 without beat of drum, and the infantry formed the 
 advanced guard. It was a woody country through 
 which they were to pafs ; the Iky was covered with 
 clouds, the night uncommonly dark, and, during 
 a great part of it, they had no other guide but a 
 light, which glimmered from the turret of a con- 
 vent near the town of Stalowiz. When they were 
 about half way, the patroies took four hulans 
 prifoners, who ferved as guides for the remainder 
 of it. 
 
 As it is an open country immediately round Sta- 
 lowiz, General Suworow, when he was within 
 half a mile of the place, ranged his troops in lines. 
 On the firft, was the company of grenadiers diftri- 
 buted on the wings ; near it were the companies 
 of the Peterfburg legion, and, behind it, was the 
 company of the iufileers of NafTebourg : the two 
 Licornes were in the centre. The fecond line was 
 compofed of three fquadrons of ^cavalry. The body 
 of referve formed the laft, and confifted of a com- 
 pany of fufileers of Sufdal, and two platoons of 
 cavalry, who, with fome Coffacs, were difcributed 
 in the wings. 
 
 The Ruffians proceeded till they found them- 
 felves by chance on the very back of the confede- 
 rates, who were covered by a marfti, through 
 which run a dyke, of about two hundred yards in 
 length, which they approached in clofe ranks, and 
 with the moit cautious filence. Backul, with his 
 detachment, cut down the advanced fentinels ; but 
 his corps was, neverthelefs, difcovered by the ene- 
 my, and received with a very briik fire, both of 
 
68 
 
 &UW;OROw's 
 
 artillery and mufquetry. The grenadier company 
 of Sufdal, commanded by Major Kifelow, was 
 forced to break the enemy's centre, by falling in- 
 fhntly upon it ; and, though it was in a movement 
 of great danger, and accompanied with lb me lofs, 
 it was crowned with fuccefs. Three fquadrons 
 lufhed into the opening that had been made, and 
 emr/ioved their fabres on all fides with a moft de- 
 flructive power. The reft of the infantry foon came 
 up, and the confederates being thrown into difor- 
 der, which was greatly incieaied by the obfcurity 
 ofrhe night, were entirely routed and purluect into 
 the town. Annibal ventured to conduct the Li- 
 cences acrofs the morafs, but they funk in the mire, 
 and the Rufiians were left without ai rille ry. Cap- 
 tain SchuiYel, with the company of Naifebourg, 
 attacked three hundred janifiaries, belonging to the 
 grand marfhal, in the town: they dtfer>dcd them- 
 felves with great fprit from the houfes ; but, being 
 reinforced by a ccmpan) of grenadiers, Le Icon 
 difpeftd of the greater part of them. 
 
 General Suworow was in the town as feen as it 
 was light, ana perceiving a man running towards 
 a ho ufe, whom he imagined to be cue of his own 
 people on a fcheme of pillage, he called him back ; 
 when the man returned an anfwer in the Pclifh lan* 
 guage; and inftantly difcharged his piece at him, 
 but without effect. He proved to be one of the 
 janiiTarits of the grand maifhal. 
 
 In the heat of the attack, the infantry had Scat- 
 tered itfelf over the town, and before it could form, 
 Schibuiin arrived with the referved corps* The 
 Ruffians, therefore, were matters of the town. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 6 9 
 
 The five hundred men, of the legion of Peterlburg, 
 which had been made prifoners, a fhort time before, 
 were lodged in fome houfes on the market place, 
 whofe doors were barricadoed ; but they foon 
 leaped from their windows and recovered their 
 liberty. 
 
 The Ruffian cavalry had obtained every advan- 
 tage in the open country ; and, as foon as it was 
 broad day-light, the infantry marched out of the 
 town and attacked that or the grand marmal. This 
 engageaiejit, which promifed to be decifive, was 
 br^ /ely conceded by the hoftile parties : at length, 
 the Ruffian fufileers made an attempt with the 
 bayonet fixed ; the reft of the infantry followed 
 their example ; and after a vigorous refinance, the 
 enemy's whole line gave way ; but. being very nu- 
 merous, they retreated in good order. 
 
 The Ruffian cavalry continued to gain ground, 
 when general Beliak, at the head of a thoufand 
 hulans, made a very vigorous attack ; many a 
 Ruffian foldier was laid low by it, and feveral offi- 
 cers wounded ; but, at length, after a very fevere 
 conteft, Beliak loft the day. On this occafion, the 
 Coffiacs dininguiffied themfelves by a courage and 
 activity that nothing could relift. 
 
 The army of Lithuania retreate:! to a fmall dis- 
 tance from the field of battle ; and, Suworow, 
 having reformed his lines and repofed for an hour, 
 made neceiTary difpofitions to march to Slomin, 
 about four miles from the fcene of his victory. 
 From his numerous prifoners, and the five hundred 
 men of the Peterfburg legion, who had recovered 
 
JO 
 
 SU WOROW's 
 
 their liberty, but principally from the great number 
 of equipages and waggons, &c. which had been 
 taken, the train of Suworow's army formed a line 
 of half a mile in length. The booty was very 
 confiderable, and the foldieis divided no fmall 
 quantity of gold and filver. The military cheft, 
 which had been concealed for fome days by the 
 curate of the town, was at length difcovered in his 
 houfe, and was found to contain thirty thoufand 
 ducats. In the evening, the troops approached 
 Slomin ; and, on the morrow, the general gave an 
 entertainment to the field and other officers of rank 
 who were his prifoners. Colonel Turing, who was 
 in the neighbourhood, came to oiler his congratu- 
 lations, but brought no reinforcements with him. 
 
 The whole of the Ruffian force on this occafion 
 was from eight to nine hundred men ; of thefe, 
 fourfcore were left dead on the field ; and, one- half 
 of thofe who furvived were in a wounded condition. 
 The army of Lithuania, which confinxd of near 
 five thoufand men, loft one thoufand by the fword, 
 and feVen hundred prifoners, among whom were 
 thirty field and . other officers of rank, and the 
 commanding general of the day. Ail the artillery 
 of the confederates, which ccnfifted of twelve 
 pieces of cannon, fell into the hands of the Ruffi- 
 ans, as well as feveral ftandarcs, with the batoon 
 of command, and other infignia of the grand mar- 
 fhall The dragoons of Lithuania, who had not 
 time to mount their horfes, loft the greater part of 
 them, and they ferved to mount the Ruffian infantry 
 on their return. General Suworow gave a rouble, 
 from his own private purfe, to every foldier who 
 had been engaged in this action. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 Soon after this important battle, the emprefs Tent 
 hitn, as conqueror of the grand marfhal, the Order 
 of Alexander Newlky, accompanied with the fal- 
 lowing difpatch : — 
 
 To Major -General de Suivorow. 
 
 " In recompenfe for the fer vices which you have 
 " rendered to us, as well as to your country, by 
 " the entire defeat of the Count Oginfky, chief of 
 ic the Lithuanians, who have revolted againft: our 
 " troops, it has pleafed us to name you Knight of 
 " our Order of Alexander Newfky, whofe deco- 
 " ration we fend you, and which we ordain you 
 <c to take and wear. We hope that thefe diftin- 
 " guifhed teftimonies of our imperial benevolence 
 " towards you will ferve to cherifh your zeal, and 
 " that you will confecrate your days to the advance- 
 c c mcnt of our fervice. In that expectation, we 
 " affure you of the imperial efteem of your affec- 
 " tionate, 
 
 Petersburg. " C at/Herine.." 
 
 December 20, 1771. 
 
 General Suworow was no fooner returned to 
 Slomin, than he prepared, with the utmoft impati- 
 ence to fet out on frefh expeditions : leaving there- 
 fore his prifoners and heavy artillery within the 
 walls of the town, he did not wait for returning 
 day, but began his march in the middle of the 
 night. He accordingly proceeded to Pinfk in order 
 to complete the difperfion of the confederates ; and 
 had to pafs through a marftiy country whole roads 
 
72 
 
 SU wo row's 
 
 were rendered a! mo fr impäflable, by the rains which 
 had lately fallen. On his way he met an officer of 
 the confederates, who was charged with conveying 
 the ftrong box of his regiment, which had been 
 well repleniffied with ducats ; and he inftäntly gave 
 him a palTport for himfelf and the tre&fure to the 
 place of his deftination. 
 
 He now publifhed a declaration to the confede- 
 rates, that if they would remain tranquil, he would 
 not attack them ; and they immediately feparated. 
 General Beliak, who was next in rank to Count 
 Oginfky, whom the chagrin, occafioned by the lofs 
 of the battle of Stalowiz, had induced to make a 
 journey to Danzick, refufed to take the command 
 of the confederate troops. He excufed himfelf on 
 account of his engagement with Su worow to un- 
 dertake no enterprize whatever agairMl the Ruffians ; 
 nor would he have remained till that time irt his 
 cantonments but in obedience to the orders of the 
 grand marfhal. Grabowfki, who was {rationed 
 nearefl to the Ruffian frontiers on the fide of Smo- 
 lenfko, and had raifed many thoafand men, dif- 
 mifled his people \ and feveral chiefs followed his 
 example. 
 
 There were at Pinlk many perfons who belonged 
 to the fuite of Count Oginfky, whom the marihal 
 had not taken with him to the field ; while fome of 
 his people had fled for refuge to the fmall illands in 
 the neighbourhood of that place. They were all 
 treated, by Suworow's order, with a protecting at- 
 tention, and he took particular care, that the pof- 
 feffions of the marfhal mould not receive the leaft 
 injury. He then marched to Brzefcie, where he 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 73 
 
 took fome prifoners whom he left at Biala ; and on 
 his happy return to Lublin, he ordered Te Deum 
 to be lung, and celebrated his victory with the ac- 
 cuftomed ceremonies. 
 
 In the pofthumous works of Frederic the Great, 
 we read a mod flattering eulogium on the fubject of 
 this important victory, which was obtained on the 
 i ith of September, 1 77 1 . In fpeaking of the bat- 
 tle of Stalowiz, his Pruffian majefty counfels the 
 Poles never to hazard, a fecond time, a conteft with 
 Suworow. 
 
 Towards the end of the year there were fome 
 engagements in the Palatinate of Rava, between 
 Sabrowlki, a colonel in the fervice of the confede- 
 rates, who commanded four or five hundred men, 
 and Major-General Prince Gallitzin, who entirely 
 routed them. When Sabrowlki was on the other 
 fide of Pulawa, he was furprifed by the Captain 
 Archipaflbw, with the party he commanded : he 
 was very ill-treated, and made prifoner with three 
 officers and forty men. He had fcarce furrendered 
 himfelf when a chaffeur, who was not obferved, 
 wounded him in the bread by a mulket mot. He 
 was a very gallant man, and univerfally regretted ; 
 for he died in a few days, notwithftanding every 
 means were employed by General Suworow to 
 promote his cure at Pulawa. As a mark of his ef- 
 teem for the brave colonel, he reftored to their li- 
 berty the three officers who were made prifoners 
 with him. 
 
 vol. 1. 
 
74 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 Towards the latter end of January, 1772, a 
 commiiTary belonging to the Rufiian troops en- 
 treated a fecret audience of the general ; when lie 
 difcovcred to him, that the French Field-Mar fhal 
 Viomenil, who fucceeded brigadier Dumourier, had 
 propofed a plan to take the cattle and city of Cra- 
 cow by furprife, which had been approved and a- 
 dopted by the general of the confederates at Biala. 
 r J o prove the truth of what he had advanced, he pro- 
 duced a letter from his brother, who was attached 
 to the confederation ; and he employed every argu- 
 ment in his power to diiTuade the General from an 
 expedition he had commenced againft Lithuania, to 
 oppofe the invafion of the confederates, which he 
 reprefented as nothing more than a diverfion to 
 draw his attention from Cracow. The general, 
 however, gave not the lead credit to the commifia- 
 ry's information or opinion ; and he acted wrong ; 
 for he actually loft feveral days, which were em- 
 ployed in a fruitlefs march to Lithuania. 
 
 Fie was no fooner returned to Lublin, than he in- 
 ftantly collected two fquadrons ©f dragoons, with 
 fome ColTacs,and two companies of infantry with 
 field pieces, and began his march for Cracow. Near 
 Koeliz, in the palatinate of Sandomer, he met Ge- 
 neral Count Braniski, with four regiments of hu- 
 lans, and Lieutenant-General Grabowlki, who fer- 
 ved under him, with the Lithuanian regiment cf 
 dragoon guards. Ke immediately formed a junc- 
 tion ; and, taking with him thegarrifen of Koeliz, 
 which confified cf cue fquadion, two companies, 
 and fifty Colfacs, they proceeded directly to Cra- 
 cow, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 75 
 
 Lieutenant-Genetal Bibikow, who had, forne 
 months fince, been appointed to fucceed General 
 Weirnarn, at Warfaw, had eftablilhed at Cracow 
 a large part of the regiment of Sufdal, under the 
 command of Colonel Stakelberg. This officer, 
 who made, at Colberg, fuch a brave defence, had 
 not of late manifefted the fame resolution. At the 
 entreaty of a lady of quality he withdrew a fentinel, 
 who was pofted before the common fewer of the 
 caftle, becaufe the challenges, &c. which were re- 
 peated during the night, near the lady's houfe, 
 difturbed her {lumbers. He contented himfelf with 
 keeping up a piquet of thirty men and an officer in 
 the caftle, where the artillery and regimental carri- 
 ages were depofued. The reft of the guard was 
 compofed of workmen without arms, and amount- 
 ed to about a hundred men. 
 
 The confederates were informed of the defence- 
 lefs ftate of the caftle and its feeble garrifori : they 
 afio knew that the fentinel had been withdrawn. 
 Accordingly, in the night of the fecond of Februa- 
 ry, they made their approaches to it, in profound 
 filence, with two battalions well armed, who were 
 followed, at a certain diftance, by five hundred 
 cavalry. The infantry wore their white fhirts over 
 their uniforms, that they might not be obferved 
 amid ft the fnow ; and, creeping upon their hands 
 and knees, they penetrated the fewer, and by that 
 paffage entered the caftle, with Captain Viomenü, 
 nephew of the general of that name, at their head. 
 The fmall piquet made all the refiftance in their 
 power ; but the men who compofed it were either 
 cut down or taken prifoners. The cavalry foon 
 followed and entered the caftle by a gate whofe 
 
7 6 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 port-cullis the infantry had drawn up. Colonel 
 Stakelberg got together, in great hatte, a body of 
 troops, and attacked the cattle, but was repulfed 
 with fome lofs, and the confederates remained 
 matters of it. 
 
 In the courfe of the following night, Suworow 
 arrived before Cracow, and immediately entered it. 
 At break of day, a heavy column of the confede- 
 rates fallied forth from the cattle into the principal 
 ttreet of the town ; it fupported itfelf with great 
 courage amidft a continual fire of fmall arms ; but, 
 after lofmg a great number of men, was driven 
 back. Fifty dragoons, led on by an officer with 
 great ardour, made an attack upon the grand 
 guard, who received them with bayonets hxed ; 
 but the greater number of them were killed, and 
 after a contett of two hours, they were repulied 
 with the lofs of a hundred men. 
 
 The fame day Suworow made the circuit of Cra- 
 cow on horfeback, accompanied by two Polifh ge- 
 nerals. The Polifh troops, commanded by Braniz- 
 ki, preferved their pofition on the" other fide cf the 
 Viftula, and were in poiTeflion of a bridge of com- 
 munication, which was well protected by a body of 
 infantry. 
 
 The cattle of Cracow Is fituated on an eminence, 
 but has neither ramparts or fortifications, and is 
 without any defence but a thick and very high wall, 
 with a ditch beneath. It is fupported by the walls 
 of the town which it commands. Troops were tta- 
 tioned in the upper ttories and garrets of feveral 
 houfes in the front of the cattle, and cannon were 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 77 
 
 placed in fuch a manner as to be difcharged from 
 the windows. In the vacant * parts of the town, 
 entrenchments v/ere thrown up, and parapets and 
 redoubts were ere&ed. General Suworow then 
 fent for the ancient Commandant Ocbfchelwiz, as 
 a very experienced perfon, with the chafieurs which 
 he had clothed at his own expence, and confided 
 to his care the principal quarter of the city. The 
 remaining part of it was entrufted to the vigilance 
 of three field-officers. 
 
 Thus the caflle was completely blockaded. The 
 Ruffians, without reckoning their horfe, had about 
 eight hundred infantry ; and the troops of the 
 confederates in the cattle confided of four hundred 
 infantry, and five hundred cavalry. 
 
 On the third day, the commandant of the cattle 
 difpatched a French officer 10 the Ruffian general, 
 who was charged with the followiug proportions : 
 
 L He offered to give up a hundred prifoners, 
 who were chiefly workmen of different kinds, and 
 who inhabited the cattle before the blockade; but 
 this propofai was not accepted. 
 
 II. He demanded that permiffion might be given 
 to the canons who officiated in the church, which 
 was the burying-place of the Kings of Poland, to 
 retire into the city, with their attendants, amount- 
 ing, in all, to eighty perfons. This 1 equett was 
 alfo refufecH in order to increafe the diftrefs of the 
 garrifon by fo many ufelefs mouths. But notwith- 
 standing this refufal, the ecclefiaftics quitted the 
 cattle, at two different times. Thofe who made the 
 
73 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 firfl: efcape were only fired upon with powder, but 
 the fecond party were more feriouily treated, and 
 fomeof them were wounded. No farther attempts 
 therefore, were made of a fimilar nature. 
 
 III. The officer alfo demanded certain medicines ; 
 which were immediately granted. 
 
 The caflle was furnifhed with a plentiful maga- 
 zine of provifions. There was a fufficiency of hay 
 and corn, as well as of wine, brandy, fait, oil, and 
 roots. It poiTefled alfo a fpring of excellent water ; 
 but there was a dearth of meat. 
 
 The befiegers themfelves were, in fome degree, 
 blockaded in the town, by the numerous bodies of 
 confederates who occupied the country, and againft 
 whom parties were continually employed. r lhe 
 general, therefore, had the precaution to examine 
 into the ftate of their provifions and forage ; and 
 he found that they had an adequate fupply of both. 
 
 Soon after the fally, which has been already 
 mentioned, the befieged attempted a fecond, with 
 four or five hundred men, who were conducted 
 by a French officer ; but were repulfed with the 
 lofs of fifty of their people. 
 
 Bakalowitz, the king's engineer, a man of con- 
 fummate experience, began to foim a mine, at a 
 hundred paces from the tafiie, in very ftony 
 ground. Count Branizki provided him, for the 
 purpofe of opening the firft: gallery, fifty excellent 
 labourers, from the falt-pits of WiiUtfcha ; and, in 
 a fhort time, a fecond was begun ; to the left of the 
 former. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 79 
 
 General Suworow, by the advice of Count Bran^ 
 izki, haJ polled the belt company of the regiment 
 of Sufdal in a building, in the immediate vicinity 
 of the caftle. At noon the general had retired to 
 take a (hört repofe, when he was foon difturbed by a 
 great and tumultuous noife ; he, therefore, rofe in 
 an inftant, mounted his horfe, and haftened to dis- 
 cover the caufe. It was this company, whofe cap- 
 tain having been feized with a panic, were flying in 
 great diforder, and were purfued by the enemy 
 with great flaughter. The general exerted himfelf 
 to the utmift to flop the run-a-ways, and, having 
 rallied them, forced them back with bayonets fixed, 
 upon the confederates, who foon retired. The 
 Ruffians, on this unfortunate occafion, loft thirty 
 men. 
 
 In cafe it fhould have been found neceflary to 
 raife the liege ; all the captains were made refpon- 
 fible for the fidelity and fafety of the inhabitants. 
 The fuburbs were fubject to a fimilar regulation ; 
 and that part of the town which was inhabited by 
 the Jews received orders to arm, and mount guard. 
 Redoubts were alfo raifed upon the high-roads. 
 
 General Branizki recommended an affault, and 
 his project was adopted. On the third of March, 
 at two hours after midnight, the artillery, which 
 were levelled from fome very folid edifices, near the 
 caftle, began a difcharge of fmall fhot, accompanied 
 by a brilk fire of mufquetry, which the confederates 
 returned with equal fpirit. The columns advan- 
 ced, and various attempts were made, but without 
 efTed. In fhort, the affault failed, and, at break 
 ©f day, the fignal was given for a retreat. The 
 
So 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 Ruffians loft, In this unfuccelsful bufinefs, a lieute- 
 nant-colonel, feveral officers, and forty foldiers ; 
 and the wounded were not lefs than a hundred. 
 The lofs fuftained by the confederates, according 
 to the information of 'deferters, was equally great : 
 and many of their officers were feverely wounded. 
 
 In the afternoon of the fame day, the command- 
 ant of the caftle requefled General Branizki to re- 
 ceive into the town, a captain of dragoons, who 
 was dangeroufly wounded, and whofe father was a 
 perfon in high eftimation w T ith the King of France. 
 This permiffion was granted, and the officer recei- 
 ved with every mark of tendernefs and attention. 
 He was a young man of about eighteen years of age, 
 with a wound that threatened the moft fatal confe- 
 quences ; but he was treated with fo much care 
 and fkill, that he was cured by the end of the fiege ; 
 when he returned to France, and to. his father. 
 
 The caftle of Tyniz, about a mile from Cracow, 
 of which the confederates had poffeffed themfelves, 
 was furrounded with redoubts, where they had a 
 great part of their people. The Count Branizki 
 was ordered to march againft them with his hulans, 
 and a party of Ruffian cavalry, which he did with 
 confiderable effect. 
 
 The Ruffian troops began to want both powder 
 and ball, and the Lieutenant of artillery, Haaks, 
 had conftrucled a powder-mill in the fuburbs ; but 
 this refource was not fufficient for the requisite fup. 
 plies. Lieutenant- Colonel Nagel was accordingly 
 lent to Kofelj with a fmall party, in order to pur- 
 chafe ammunition ; and though the confederate 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 81 
 
 parties were fcattered through the country, he 
 avoided thein with great addrefs, and brought back 
 a confiderable quantity of the neceflary ftores. 
 
 In the courfe of the month of March, Lieutenant- 
 colonel Micheifon, who commanded a detachment 
 behind Tyniz, was fui prized by a party from the 
 garrifon of that place. But his refolution was 
 equal to his danger ; he completely repulfed the 
 enemy, who were fuperior to him in number, and 
 brought a hundred prifoners with him to Cracow. 
 
 Towards the clofe of the fame month, the gene- 
 ral detached Micheifon, with a ftrong body of 
 troops, to Ofwrezin, where the archives of the 
 confederates were depofited. During the night, 
 he contrived to get into the midfl: of the garrifon, 
 killed a confiderable part of it, and difperfed the 
 reft. But he did not content himfelf with getting 
 poflefTion of the archives, he purfued his advanta- 
 ges as far as Biala, upon the frontiers of Silefia ; and 
 having driven from that place the pretended ge- 
 neral confederation, who repafTed the frontiers with 
 great precipitation, he happily returned in fafety to 
 Cracow. 
 
 Some time afterwards, a confiderable number 
 ofhuflars, and confederate cavalry, appeared be- 
 hind Tyniz, and on the near fide of the Viftula. 
 They were the remains of the black Lithuanian 
 troops, which had been collected by Kofakowfki ; 
 and had made great fpeed, in order to raife the 
 fiege of the cattle of Cracow. The Count Braniz- 
 ki fent againft them a large party of his hulans : 
 Lieutenant- Colonel Lang was aifo pofted at Schwer- 
 vol. i. L 
 
82 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 zanzy, between Tynez and Cracow, but, with no 
 more than two fquadrons, of which his whole force 
 confifted, he was not in a condition to refift the 
 confederates, with a body of at lea ft a thoufand 
 men. The hulans, alfo, could do nothing, but 
 play off a few manoeuvres, of little or no effect . 
 General Suworow, therefore, determined to march 
 again ft thefe confederate troops in perfon. He 
 took with him two fquadrons, and feme Coffacs, 
 and ordered an equal number to follow him. He 
 found the hulans and Lang's fquadrons manoeu- 
 vring a retreat. That officer had been forced to 
 give way, and the black troops were preffing upon 
 him with redoubled fteps. The general obferved, 
 that the object of the enemy was not to fight, but 
 to get to Cracow ; and he refolved to prevent them. 
 He accordingly ordered his cavalry and CofTacs to 
 charge, Lang's fquadrons and the hulan's followed, 
 and they had broken through the enemy, before 
 the other troops were arrived. Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Lang received orders to cut off the retreat of the 
 confederates ; and he at length preffed them fo 
 clofe, that a great part of them were driven into 
 theViftula, and perifhed. 
 
 In this engagement Suworow had a very narrow 
 efcape. In the heat of the action, a confederate 
 officer rufhed upon him, and having difcharge d 
 both his piftols, made a blow at him with his fabre, 
 which the general parried with his own. At this 
 moment a cuirafiier arrived, and ftruck the officer 
 from his horfe. 
 
 Thus the remainder of the Lithuanian confede- 
 rates were difperfed. A hundred men were left on 
 
CAMPAIGNS. '83 
 
 the field of battle, three hundred were drowned in 
 the river, fifty were made prifoners, and the reft 
 difappeared, and were never heard of more. 
 
 In the beginning of April, the general received 
 a twelve pounder from Warfaw, and as he had al- 
 ready two licornes, which carried eight pounders, 
 four three pounders, and eight mortars, Lieuten- 
 ant Haaks erected a battery on one of the ftrong- 
 eft edifices, in the front of the principal gate of the 
 cattle, wichout being obferved by the garrifon. He 
 alfo added a mortar, capable of throwing a ball of 
 a hundred weight ; and, as foon as the battery 
 was completed, it began to play upon the caflle. 
 The apartments were frequently feen in flames, as 
 well as a magazine of hay, but they were as often 
 extinguifhed. A bomb fell on the houfe of the 
 commandant, which made great havock ; the wall 
 on the fide of the gate began to totter, and a 
 breach was formed in the church, which was fup- 
 ported by the wall of the caflle. The two galleries 
 of the mine were completed, and it only remained 
 to charge them. 
 
 The garrifon of the caflle were not only without 
 flints, which had been confumed in their various 
 fallies, but were reduced to the diet of horfe-fltfh. 
 This circumftance was known from certain difpatch- 
 es, delivered up by an officer who had been taken 
 prifoner, as he was carrying an account of the 
 wretched ft ate of the garrifon, both as to provifions 
 and health, from the commandant to General Vio- 
 menil, and requeuing immediate relief. 
 
*4 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 The count availed himfelf of ihu intelligence, 
 and, on the next day, fent captain Weimarn, of the 
 cavalry, tq the cattle, with a definitive declaration 
 to the French officers, that every preparation was 
 made for an aiTauit, and if the garrifon did not 
 flirrender, it would be put to the fword. 
 
 On the eighth of April, when the night was al- 
 ready far advanced, the French Brigadier Galibert 
 prefented himfelf before the entrenchments, and 
 demanded fafe conduct to the general ; he was ac- 
 cordingly introduced with the ufual ceremonies. 
 Suworow gave him a very civil reception ; and, af- 
 ter a fhort converfaticn, dictated to him the prin- 
 cipal articles of the capitulation, which contained 
 more advantageous conditions than the French 
 brigadier had ventured to propofe ; who was now 
 reconducted under a proper efccrt and every be- 
 coming attention, to the cattle. 
 
 On the following day, the fame officer renewed 
 his vifit at ten in the morning ; and, after he had 
 been ferved with breakfaft, began to Hart difficulties 
 refpecling certain articles of the capitulation. This 
 conduct determined the general to grant lefs than 
 he had originally propofed, and to alfure him at 
 his departuie, that, if he returned without having 
 accepted the articles as they actually were, other 
 and lefs favourable conditions would be propofed 
 and fupported. That very night, however, Briga- 
 dier Galibert returned once more, to accept, in the 
 name of the garrifon, all the conditions that had 
 been offered to it. 
 
CAMPAIGNS» 
 
 The principal articles of capitulation were as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
 I. The garrifon fhall deliver up their arms with- 
 in the walls of the caftle, and leave it in diftinct 
 platoons of a hundred men. 
 
 II. The lives and property of the garrifon fhall 
 be protected. 
 
 III. The French troops, who form a part of the 
 garrifon, lfiall furrender ihemfelves only as prifon- 
 ers, but not as prifoners of war, becaufe, there being 
 no war between the powers of Ruftia and France, 
 no exchange of prifoners can take place. 
 
 IV. The French troops which are under the com- 
 mand of General Viomenil, ftiall be transferred to 
 Lemberg, thole of Dumourier to Biala, in Lithua- 
 nia, and thofe of the Polim confederates to Smo- 
 lenlko. 
 
 V. All the regalia of the crown, and other effects 
 
 ' in the caftle, (hall be reftored to the commiifaries of 
 his Polim majefty. 
 
 On the following morning, the king's commiiTa- 
 ries entered the caftle, and found the jewels of the 
 crown properly difpofed in a cabiner, which had 
 been enclofed in a wall, during the liege ; and the 
 oilier effects were in good condition. 
 
 It was now holy week, and the garrifon marched 
 out of the caftle on the 15th of April, which was 
 Eafter-day, according to the terms of the capitula- 
 
86 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 tion. The two brigadiers, Galibert and Choifi, as 
 well as fome other French officers, had the crofs of 
 St. Louis ; and when Monßeur de Choifi prefented 
 his fword to Suworow, he put it afide. " 1 cannot,'' 
 faid he, Ci receive the fword of a gallant man, in the 
 " fervice of a king, who is the ally of my own Sove- 
 " reign," and they immediately embraced. 
 
 The principal officers were not only treated with 
 kindnefs, but entertained with magnificence pre- 
 vious to their departure. The Count Branizki 
 invited them to dine with him, and gave them a 
 fumptuous entertainment. Major Sanfow ZafTeki 
 was charged alfo to do the honours of a dinner to 
 the other officers, in a palace prepared for their 
 reception. The general quitted table to make the 
 neceffary difpofitions for the conveyance of all his 
 prifoners to Lublin. A coach was procured for 
 the two brigadiers, and other carriages were ap- 
 pointed for the reft of the officers. The cavalry 
 received fuch of their horfes as remained, and 
 farmers waggons were collected for the other pri- 
 foners. The general ordered the major on du- 
 ty to take care that every poffible attention fhould 
 be paid to them on their route. They were 
 efcorted by four companies of infantry, and two 
 fitld-pieces, two fquadrons of cavalry, and fifty 
 Collacs, commanded by Colonel Idagien ; and the 
 march was covered by a referred detachment of 
 almoft equal force, commanded by Lieutenant-Co- 
 lonel Michaelfon, to whom he gave the principal 
 charge. 
 
 The prifoners were about a thoufand, a third of 
 whom were cavalry, with near fifty officers of rank. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 '87 
 
 The Iofs of the Ruffians, during the fiege, was two 
 hundred killed, and about four hundred wounded. 
 
 Their progrefs was not interrupted : not one of 
 the different parties of confederates, who infefted 
 the country, had the courage to attack the efcort ; 
 fo that the whole arrived fafe at Lublin ; from 
 whence the prifoners were fent off to their refpeclivs 
 deftinations. 
 
 Suworow was impatient to continue his opera- 
 tions ; and without waiting for the return of the 
 efcort to Cracow, though he had but a fmall body 
 of troops, detached the principal part of them a- 
 gainft Zator, a fmall fortified town, about fix miles 
 from Cracow, on the banks of the Viitula. They 
 furprized the garrifon, and, without effufion of 
 blood, brought away the commandant, with his 
 officers, and two hundred prifoners. But before 
 they quitted the place, they blew up the works, 
 which were defended only by twelve ufelefs pieces 
 of artillery. 
 
 A fmall corps of obfervation ferved to overawe 
 the towns of Tyniz and Landfkroon till the detach- 
 ment, which has been already mentioned, returned 
 from Lublin : but it was no fooner arrived, and he 
 had received a fupply of cannon and ammunition 
 from Rofel, than the general proceeded to inveft 
 Tyniz in form. In the mean time, the troops of 
 the emperor arrived in this canton, and made them- 
 felves matters of Landfkroon. Suworow therefore 
 abandoned Tyniz to them, and, having withdrawn 
 his artillery, returned to Cracow. 
 
SS 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 Several of the confederate chiefs at length fub- 
 mitted, and abandoned their party. Colonel Mof- 
 chinfki, of Sandomir, prefented himfelf on parole 
 toSuworow, gave in his refignation, and difmilfed 
 all thofe who were under his command. Marfhal 
 Mafowizki did the fame by deputation. The fa- 
 mous Major-General Schutz came in perfon with 
 the remains of his fine troops of Radzewill, form- 
 ing at this time a bcdy of a thoufand men, the 
 principal part of whole officers were foreigners, 
 and had ferved in different armies. He capitulated 
 on very advantageons conditions, and the general 
 treated him as his friend. His people were all dif- 
 banded, with a fatisfaclory gratification. 
 
 The PrulTians had alfo marched againfl the con- 
 federates, and the three allied powers completed 
 their defign of potTefling themfelves of certain pro- 
 vinces of Poland. 
 
 Tranquility being reftored in Poland, the Rufiian 
 troops were withdrawn from that kingdom, except 
 a few regiments, who were ordered to join the army, 
 commanded by count Romanzow, againfl the 
 Turks. A fhort time before, the Lieutenant-Ge- 
 nerals Romanus and Elmpt arrived in Poland, with 
 a body of troops in a complete ftate of equipment. 
 The hrft paiTed by Lithuania, on the fide of Lublin, 
 and the latter remained there. 
 
 Thus ended the campaigns againft the confede- 
 rates in Poland, where General Suworow ferved 
 during four years without interruption. Indepen- 
 dent of the numerous inferior actions and multipli- 
 ed ikirmifhes, in which his courage was always 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 difplayed, and his military capacity never failed to 
 appear ; he was covered with glory by the victory 
 of Stalowiz, and the capture of Cracow ; which 
 gave the promife of that brilliant career that he has 
 fmce run. 
 
 In the month of September, he was attached to 
 the corps of Generai Elmpt, which, on account 
 of the actual fituation of Sweden, was ordered to 
 Finland, by the way of Petersburg. In the courfe 
 cf the autumn it took its departure, and by ordina- 
 ry marches, arrived in the winter atPeterfburg. The 
 regiments deftined for Finland traverfed the city in 
 great parade ; but General Suworow remained 
 with his divifion in the capital. 
 
 In February, 1773, he was employed on the 
 duty of infpecling the frontiers of Finland. He 
 took his route by Wybourg, Kexholm, and Neuf- 
 chott, towards the frontiers of Sweden, where he 
 was determined to remain unknown. He found 
 all ciafles of people, the clergy, the nobility, the 
 burghers, and the whole militia of the country pre- 
 judiced agsunft the new conftitution. He reduced 
 all he heard and faw to writing ; and on his return 
 to Peterlburg, made the neceffary communications. 
 
 Towards the fpring, the congrefs of the Turks, 
 at Soczan, feparated 5 the truce was at an end, and 
 it appeared as if war would be rekindled. Gene- 
 ral Suworow now received orders to join the army 
 in Moldavia, where he ferved under the Field Mar- 
 mal Romanzow. 
 
 vol. 1. 
 
 M 
 
9<3 
 
 sii wo row's 
 
 CHAP. Uli 
 
 THE FIRST WAR AGAINST THE TURKS, UNDER FI ELD- 
 MARS HA. L ROMAN ZQW, IN THE TEARS IJJ$AND 
 
 G 
 
 ENERAL Suworow, in the beginning 
 of May, 1773, arrived at Jafly, and prefented him- 
 felf to Field-Marfhal Romanzow, who had then 
 fixed his head-quarters at that place, the capital of 
 Moldavia. On the third day after his arrival, he 
 proceeded to join the corps of Walachia, to which 
 he was attached : it was commanded by Lieutenant- 
 General Count Sokikow, and was encamped before 
 Tchurfchebo. He reconnoitred the furrounding 
 country, and went the following day to the convent 
 of Nigojefchti, where he received his detachment. 
 It confided of regiments of carabineers and Aflra- 
 can infantry, with four field-pieces, and about a 
 hundred CofTacs of the Don, under their brave 
 officer Seminkin. There were alfo feventeen boats 
 provided for the fervice of the detachment. 
 
 Nigojefchti is fituate at the diftance of a mile and 
 a half from the Danube : Turtukay is upon the 
 right bank of that river ; and to the right of the 
 convent runs the Arbifch, which flows into it. Near 
 its mouth fome heavy pieces of artillery had been 
 levelled on the oppofite bank, which not only de- 
 fended the river, but commanded a part of the coun- 
 try on the other fide of it, and had often compelled 
 the Ruflians to retire. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 9 1 
 
 At this place, the Danube is upwards of a mile 
 in breadth, with very fteep banks ; neverthelefs, 
 General ouworow determined to arm all his boat:;, 
 each of which was capable of containing from twenty 
 to thirty men, and attempt a defcent on the right 
 fide of the river. With this view he ordered fol- 
 diers to be employed as rowers, and made them 
 practife under the direction of Lieutenant Palkin. 
 It was alfo neceflary that the boats mould be trans- 
 ported upon carts drawn by oxen, and without 
 being perceived, to the diftance of a mile down the 
 river ; where there was a commodious place for 
 embarking the troops. 
 
 Every thing being in readinefs, the detachment, 
 confiding of four companies of infantry, a regi- 
 ment of carabineers, and a hundred Comics, began 
 its march in the darken: part of the night. The 
 armed boats defcehded the Artilch, and the carria- 
 ges proceeded along the fide of the bank in a hol- 
 low way, which was covered by thickets. 
 
 When the whole party and their equipage was 
 arrived at the place appointed, the general detir- 
 mined to remain there till the following night. He 
 accordingly wrapped his cloak round him, and lay 
 down, at a fmall diftance from the river, to get a 
 little repofe ; but, juft before day-break, he unex- 
 pectedly heard the cry of Allah ! very near the fpot 
 where he was, He inftantly arofe, and perceiving 
 a body of Spahis or Turkifh horfe, coming towards 
 him with uplifted fabres, he had only time to leap 
 on his horfe, and to gallop off with all poihble fpeed. 
 
9 2 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 Seminfki inftantly led on the Collacs to attack 
 them ; but with all his bravery he could not with- 
 Hand their onfet, and was obliged to retire. They 
 then menaced the regiment of carabineers, when the 
 general ordered two fquadrons to fall on them fword 
 in hand ; and they, in their turn, were now com- 
 pelled to give way, and were purfued to the banks 
 of the Danube ; when, throwing themfelves into 
 their large boats, they haftily efcaped. The Ruffian 
 infantry was at fome diftance, and had no Ihare in 
 this engagement. The Turks, who had upwards of 
 four hundred men, left four fcore on the field, and 
 a few prifoners, among whom was their Bim-bacha, 
 an aged and venerable man. 
 
 This was the firft acquaintance that Suworow* 
 made with the Turks, to whom the very name of 
 this warrior is fince become fo formidable. The 
 advantage, which he obtained in this a&ion, feems 
 to have been a prelude to the numerous victories 
 he has fince obtained over the Ottoman arms. 
 
 The Ruffians having been difcovered, the gene- 
 ral, extended his obfervations on the environs, and 
 changed his plan. He ordered the carriages to re- 
 turn, the following night, embarked his infantry on 
 the Artifch, in order to proceed to its conflux with 
 the Danube. A hundred light carabineers, with 
 their colonel, and the ColTacs, fwam down the 
 itream after them ; a fervice of no fmall rifk ; but 
 was attended on this occafion, with the lofs only of 
 a few men and horfes. 
 
 A defcent was now made on the right bank of 
 the Danube, under a very fevere fite of Turkilh 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 93 
 
 artillery ; and Major Rehbeck was immediately 
 ordered to get pofieflion of a redoubt on the right, 
 which covered the Turkifh flotilla. Lieutenant 
 Maurinow, who had formed his company into a 
 hollow fquare, received orders to make himfelf 
 mailer of a fimilar redoubt on the left. The centre, 
 commanded by Colonel Batturin, came at once 
 upon an empty redoubt, and, advancing onwards, 
 enclofed an entrenchment : a heavy piece of artille- 
 ry, which had been fixed in the road, on being 
 difcharged, bur ft in feveral pieces, wounded a con- 
 fiderable number, and, amdng the reft, the general 
 himfelf received a very fevere blow on his right 
 leg. Nor was this all, for a janilTary aimed a flroke 
 at his bread, which he fortunately parried, and it 
 was not repeated, as the Turks were immediately 
 driven from the entrenchment, and left it to the 
 poflefiion of the Ruffians. 
 
 It was now an object of importance to gain a 
 height, which was acafmall diftance, commanded 
 all the country, and had not been fortified by the 
 Turks. The Ruffians hurried thither, and, when 
 they were arrived, the general commanded a halt. 
 
 The cavalry and the ColTacs purfued tha 
 Turks, as well as ths dufk of the evening would 
 allow them. Rehbeck had the good fortune to 
 feize the flotilla ; and Maurinow, after having ta- 
 ken a redoubt, made himfelf mafter of lurtukay. 
 
 As it was not permitted to any one to pillage on 
 his own account, Suworow had made a regulation, 
 that, where pillage was allowed by the laws of War, 
 
94 
 
 STJWOROw's 
 
 four perfons fliould be appointed to that femce 
 from every battalion, and that the whole lhould 
 partake of the booty. 
 
 He remained about an hour upon the hill, where 
 he ordered the watch -word, and other military 
 fignals, to be continually repeated. The day, at 
 length, began to appear. 
 
 Lieutenant-General, afterwards Prince Potemkin, 
 who was encamped in front of Siliftria, had promi- 
 fed to fend, by his boats, two thoufand CofTacs of 
 Saporichi ; but they did not arrive till feveral hours 
 after the combat was concluded. 
 
 On a fignal given, the Ruffian troops returned 
 to the banks of the river ; and having embarked, 
 took feveral Turkilh boats, with fix brafs cannon, 
 ana 1 eight heavy pieces of artillery. The latter were 
 funk in the Danube, as there was not time tobring 
 them away. Turtukay was in flames ; and, about 
 ten o'clock, a large magazine of powder blew up, 
 whofe explofion was heard throughout the fur- 
 rounding country. 
 
 Immediately after the victory, General Suworow 
 difpatched an account of it to Field-Marfnal Ro- 
 manzow. The ftyle of the relation is truly laconic 
 and original, and difplays, in feme degree, the 
 charade r of the writer. The following is a feeble 
 tranfiation of it : 
 
 cc Honour and glory to God ! Glory to you, 
 " Romanzow ! We are in poiTeilion of Turtukay, 
 " and I am in it. 
 
 " SUWOROW." 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 SJ 
 
 As a recompense for this victory, the emprefs 
 tranftnitted to him the crofs of the order of Saint 
 George, of the fecond clafs, with the following 
 letter : 
 
 T ? our Major-Gerisral de Suworwk 
 
 " The bravery and heroifm of which you have 
 " given fuch a brilliant example, in the conduct of 
 " the detachment entrusted to your command, at 
 " the fiege and afTault of Turtukay, render you 
 " worthy of fome honourable di flection, and of 
 " our Imperial favour : In conformity, therefore. 
 " to the ftatutes of the military order of Saint 
 " George, which we have inftituted, we graciouf- 
 " ly name you to be a night of that order, of the 
 " fecond clafs, commanding you to receive the 
 " decorations which accompany this letter, and to 
 <£ fufpend its crofs from your neck, according to 
 <c our inftitution. We are pleafed to encourage 
 u the belief, that this Imperial favour will animate 
 " you more and more to merit the good-will with 
 " which we are your affectionate, 
 
 " CATHERINE." 
 
 Sarfioefelo, June 3c, 1773. 
 
 When the troops had reached the left bank of 
 the Danube, they enjoyed a fhort repofe in a fmall 
 valley ; and, in the courfe of the night, returned 
 to their camp, near the convent of Nigojefchti. 
 This happenned on the tenth of May. 
 
 This victory coli the Ruffians fixty men killed, 
 and one hundred and fifty wounded. The Turks 
 loft four large, and fix fmall ftandards. Their 
 
troops, which were chiefly infantry, amounted to 
 four thoufand men. Their fine flotilla, which fell 
 into the power of the Ruffians, confuted of fifty 
 boats and trading veflcls. The foldiers made a con- 
 fiderable booty in effeQs, as well as in gold and 
 iilver : and, when they afterwards attended divine 
 fervice for public thankfgiving, they prefented the 
 priefts with roubles and pieces of gold. 
 
 A new raifed regiment of CofTacs, confiding of 
 three hundred and fifty men, natives of Poland, 
 and commanded by Major Cafperow, reinforced 
 Suworow's detachment. The general now em- 
 ployed himfelf in the continual exercife of hi$ 
 troops, and in fortifying the convent of Nigojefchti. 
 
 In the month of June, he was attacked by a vio- 
 lent fever, which obliged him to go to Bucharefl 
 for the recovery of his health. 
 
 The grand army, commanded by Field -Mai mal 
 Romanzow, pafTed the Danube in the month of 
 July, and encamped before Siliflrja. At the fame 
 time, General Weifmann palled the river near If- 
 mail, beat the Turks three times in the courfe of 
 his march, and effected a junction with the main 
 army. 
 
 The Turks received a reinforcement before Tur- 
 tukay, and fortified themfelves in a more fkilful 
 manner than they had hitherto done. General Su- 
 worow, though he was by no means re-eftablifhed 
 in his health, fet off to join his detachment, which, 
 during his abfence, had received no great addition 
 to its numbers. The battalion of Nifow, confiding 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 97 
 
 of two hundred men, with the regiment of Cofiacs 
 of the Don commanded by Colonel Leonow, and 
 two hundred Arnauts compofed the whole of his 
 late reinforcements. He armed the regiment of 
 carabineers with mufkets from Buchareft, and had 
 them inflrucled in the manual difcipline of the in- 
 fantry. Major Count Mellin had under his orders 
 at Buchareft three hundred recruits, whom he was 
 employed in forming to every duty and exertion of 
 f ' the foldier's life. Mellin came afterwards to Nigo- 
 jefchti ; the general followed him ; and, in a iTiort 
 time, proceeded on a fecond expedition. 
 
 He ordered his flotilla to proceed empty down 
 the Artifch, and to come to off the left bank of the 
 Danube. He left two hundred men in garrifon at 
 Nigojefchti to keep clear the right bank of that 
 river : at the fame time, he erected a battery of fix 
 cannon on the left bank, and entrufted its defence 
 to Colonel Norow, with two companies, two fqua- 
 drons, and a new raifed regiment of Coflacs, that 
 the Turks might not furprize or turn it. The de- 
 tachment, deftined for embarkation, confided of 
 from fixteen to eighteen hundred men. 
 
 They began their march in the early part of the 
 night ; it was at firft very cloudy and obfcure, but 
 the moon appeared as they approached the bank, 
 which rendered it neceflary for them to retire to a 
 hiding-place, that they might not be perceived from 
 the oppofite fide of the river. The moon, how- 
 ever, foon retired, when the march was renewed, 
 and at midnight they arrived at the place where 
 they were to embark. 
 
 vol. i. N 
 
9$ 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 The flotilla was diftributed into three divifions, 
 under the Colonels Baturin, Mellin, and Mefcber- 
 fki, who commanded the infantry ; while the fqua- 
 drons of horfe and the CoiTacs of the Don fwam 
 acrofs the river. 
 
 Though it was very tempeftuous, Baturin effect- 
 ed a defcent on the right bank, and drove the Turks 
 from an entrenchment of which he had received 
 information. He immediately gave the fignal of 
 his fuccefs, and halted there, initead of pufhing 
 forwards to attack another which was of dill great- 
 er importance. The general was ftill on the left 
 bank to fuperintend the embarkation. As he fuf- 
 pecled that all was not right on the oppofite fide 
 of the river, and that there was no time to lofe in 
 taking advantage of the night, he at once refolved 
 to embark with the fecond divifion, which the force 
 of the current carried a quarter of a mile too low. 
 Suworow was ftill in.fo languid a ftate that he could 
 not walk without the fupport of two men ; and his 
 voice was fo weak that it was abfolutely neceflary 
 for an officer to be always by his fide to repeat his 
 commands. 
 
 He now returned up the river under its right bank, 
 and difembarked his people near the town of Tur- 
 tukay, which he had lately burned, though there 
 ftill remained a considerable number of houfes ; 
 and he was obliged to pafs through a part of its 
 ruins. At the dawn of day feveral bodies of armed 
 Turks appeared, whom he did not think proper to 
 attack, as his principal object was to effect a junc- 
 tion with the battalion of Niffow, under Colonel 
 Baturin, which he happily effected ; and, without 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 99 
 
 reproaching' that officer for his late error, he im- 
 mediately difpatched Major R.ehbock, with three 
 companies, to attack the important entrenchment, 
 which Baturin had neglected, and the troops fol- 
 lowed. The Arnautes had been already detached 
 with orders to get unperceived behind the Turkifh 
 camp, and by their outcries and manoeuvres to fill 
 it with alarm and confufion. 
 
 Rehbock took poffeflion of the entrenchment, 
 and t\)Q whole body of infantry foon eftablifhed 
 themfeives in it. It was fituate on the very height 
 which has been mentioned in the detail of the form- 
 er battle. At day -light it was found to be on an 
 eminence that commanded the whole country. 
 The entrenchment, indeed, was not completed : 
 the parapet was not fufficiently elevated, the ditch 
 had not the necelfary depth, and the entrance was 
 not fortified. The area, however, was fo extenfive, 
 that the whole body of infantry, with the foot ca- 
 rabineers, could difplay themfeives at large in it. — 
 No Turks were vifible in the other entrenchments- 
 
 A party of carabineers having fet out on a pilla- 
 ging party without orders, the Turks fell upon, and 
 purfued them ; and, before they could recover 
 themfeives, the whole Turkifh army, confifling of 
 feven thoufand men, quitted their camp, and pro- 
 ceeded to attack the entrenchment. It was about 
 fix in the morning. 
 
 The Turkifh infantry pofted themfeives behind 
 the hedges, where they did confiderable mifchief : 
 and the cavalry rufhed on towards the entrench- 
 ment. As the parapet was low, the Ruffians were 
 
1,00 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 under the necefiity of firing on their knees. They 
 had indeed taken feme cannon, but as there w r erc 
 no artillery men with them, they were, for the 
 prelent, altogether ulelefs. 
 
 In the mean time, the Ruffian rear guard ad- 
 vanced, with one field-piece, which the current of 
 the river had driven to a confiderable diftance from 
 the place where they had been ordered to difem- 
 bark. This fingle cannon proved to be of great 
 fervice, as the Turks were without artillery : but 
 the principal mifchief was produced by the battery 
 on the left bank of the Danube. Though the 
 Turks had been continually repuifed in their at- 
 tacks on the entrenchments, they returned as often 
 with renewed impetuofiry. 
 
 The action had now Jafled two hours, when the 
 Turkifh horfe reafiembled in great numbers, and 
 attacked with the fierceft ardour the unfortified en- 
 trance of the parapet. The Bacha, who command- 
 ed them, appeared in rich array at their head ; but, 
 as they approached, he received a fhot in his bread, 
 which a ferjeant of chaffeurs had discharged at him, 
 und, with a loud fcream, fell from his horfe. His 
 people in Randy furrounded him, when a body of 
 fifty Coifacs broke through the midft of them, and 
 though the Turks exerted the moft confummate 
 bravery to fave their chief, a Coffac completed his 
 fate by the ftroke of a lance. 
 
 Thus died Sary Mechmed Bacha, the fecond in 
 command of the famous Ali Bey, of Egypt, whom 
 he afterwards betrayed ; a man alike diftinguifhed 
 for his courage, his flrength, and his beauty. His 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 101 
 
 people, though they were confounded, did not 
 difperfe, but continued the combat during an hour ; 
 and, though compelled to retreat, difdained to fly. 
 
 At length, in order at once to terminate the 
 conteft, General Suworow commanded Captain . 
 Bratzow to fally from the entrenchment, with a 
 column of two companies of grenadiers, fix men in 
 front, and to fall upon the Turks ; but that brave 
 officer met with a powerful refiftance, fuftained 
 considerable lofs, and was himfelf mortally wound- 
 ed : notwithstanding fuch a difcouraging circum- 
 ftance, the column pulhed onwards, and the Turks 
 were repulfed. At this moment, the whole force 
 of the entrenchment came forwards, when the 
 Turkifh army was completely routed, and the Ruf- 
 fian cavalry were ordered to purfue them. 
 
 Suworow now mounted his horfe, and proceed- 
 ing to an elevated fpot, took a view of the camp 
 from whence the Turks had hTued to attack the 
 entrenchment, and where it appeared that they had 
 left but a few fcattered troops to protect it. He 
 therefore ordered a body of infantry to haften thi- 
 ther with all fpeed, and poffefs themfelves of the 
 artillery, while he followed with the reft of his 
 forces. He formed them into three fides of a 
 fquare, and covered the wings with his cavalry, in 
 order to receive the Turks with advantage, if they 
 mould be induced to attack him ; but they continu- 
 ed their retreat, and left their camp to the con- 
 querors. On this occafion the Ruffian foldiers di- 
 vided a very rich booty. 
 
 * 
 
102 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 Four-and-twenty large veffels, called fchaiks, 
 were alfo feized by the Ruffians ; they were fecured 
 in mallow water, and the accefs to them defended 
 by palifades. It employed feveral hours, and re- 
 quired no common exertions to difengage them. 
 » Äs the general confidered this poll of little confe- 
 quence, he gave orders for an immediate return. 
 The Ruffian infantry accordingly embarked on their 
 flotilla ; while the cavalry went on board the 
 fchaicks, with the artillery which had been captu- 
 red, and the whole force proceeded to that part of 
 the left bank of the river, where the battery, com- 
 manded by Colonel Norow, had been erected. 
 •There they fixed their camp. 
 
 In this action, which took place on the 27th of 
 July, the Turks loft a thoufand men, and eighteen 
 brafs cannon, which had never been employed. 
 
 The remains of Sary Mechmed Bacha were inter- 
 red on the right bank, with all the honours due to 
 his high rank and military qualiries. 
 
 The news of this victory was carried by Major 
 Rehbock to Field-Marfhal Romanzow, who re- 
 ceived it with the greater pleafure, as on the fame 
 day, an ineffectual attempt had been made upon 
 Siliftria. 
 
 On the following day, the general embarked a 
 large part of his force, and afcended the Danube. 
 He left none of his troops behind, but the cavalry, 
 and a detachment of infantry at the convent, which 
 he had already fortified. The weather was very 
 favourable when they embarked ; but, towards the 
 
KAMPAIGNS. 
 
 evening, a ftorm arofe, which fo completely dif- 
 perfed the flotilla, that the boat, in which the gene- 
 ral had taken his paiTage, with great difficulty gain- 
 ed the right bank of the river. In the middle of 
 the night the tempeftuous weather fubfided, and, 
 in the morning, the flotilla was reunited, with very 
 considerable lofs. Here General Suworow had a 
 conference with count Soltikow, whofe corps lay 
 before Schurfch, on the fubject of an enterprize on 
 Rufcheluck ; but the project was deferred on ac- 
 count of the unfuccefsful attempt on Siliflria, the 
 intelligence of which, had now reached them. The 
 general, therefore, returned to his former pott, and 
 the flotilla entered into the Artifch. 
 
 * 
 
 In a fhort time after, there was a frefli diftribu- 
 tionof military commands, and Suworow was at- 
 tached to the army of the field-marfhal. 
 
 Previous to his departure from Nigojefchti. an 
 accident happened to the general, which threaten- 
 ed the moft fatal confequences. The flair-cafe of 
 the convent having become very flippery on account 
 of the rain, the general, who was not recovered 
 from the hurt in his leg, fell with great violence on 
 his back ; which, befides the exterior bruifes, was 
 attended with internal pains, and a great difficulty of 
 refpiration. He was, therefore, conveyed to Bucha- 
 reft, where, by the aid and care of a very fkilful 
 phyfician, in the courfe of fifteen days, his health 
 was completely re-eftabliflied. As foon as he was 
 recovered, which was in the middle of Auguft, he 
 repaired to his newpoft. 
 
io4 
 
 's u wo row's 
 
 The detachment, of which he was appointed to 
 take the command, was encamped before Chirfch- 
 owa ; while Romanzow maintained his pofition 
 near the river Jalowiza. Suworow immediately 
 crofTed the Danube to Chirfchowa. The town 
 is fituated on the right bank of the river, which, at 
 this place, is half a mile broad, and is divided by 
 feveral iflands. 
 
 He found the detachment very much expofed to 
 be attacked by the Turks, as well from its own 
 Tveaknefs, as the nature of its pofition. He deter- 
 mined therefore to hazard nothing, and to fecure 
 his troops by ftr^ong entrenchments. He began by 
 reconnoitring the environs, and marking the places 
 where fortifications mould be erected. He was, 
 however, fo unfortunate, as to lofe, at this time, 
 the only engineer in his fervice. That officer, in 
 palling a river, miftook the ford, and was drowned. 
 
 The entrenchments proceeded with all pofTible 
 expedition, and they were no fooner completed, 
 than intelligence was received that the Turks at 
 Kariffia, about ten miles from Chirfchowa, were 
 in motion, and would foon begin to march. 
 
 The correctnefs of this information was pruved, 
 by their approaching, in the night of the 3d of 
 September, within half a mile of the town ; the 
 moon being at the full. The principal Ruffian 
 officers weie of opinion that the Turks would im- 
 mediately make their attack. The general, how- 
 ever, entertained different fentiments, and ordered 
 his troops to repofe. As for himfelf, he waited 
 with impatience for the break of day ; and, fome 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 i o S 
 
 time before It was light, he mounted his horfe, 
 and, accompanied by two CofTacs, proceeded to 
 obferve the march and motions of the enemy. 
 
 His corps confided of four regiments of infantry, 
 two of which were very incomplete, not containing 
 more than two hundred men, witlv their cannon, 
 three fquadrons of huffars, and a hundred Coffees. 
 The two full regiments were encamped in a low 
 and covered ifland, with which a communication 
 was formed by a bridge of boats ; and the two weak 
 regiments were diftributed in the caitle and the in- 
 trench ments. - 
 
 The Turkifh army of eleven thoufand men ad- 
 vanced. At eight, they approached the fartheft 
 redoubt, which was commanded by the cannon of 
 the caftle. When they drew nigh, the general 
 made a feint of alarm, and ordered the tents to be 
 (track and carried into the redoubt. Around the 
 entrenchments, deep hollows had been made, which 
 were planted with fmall lances. He had alfo or- 
 dered that the enemy mould be fuffered to approach 
 clofe to the works, without a Tingle difcharge of 
 artillery. 
 
 The Turks appeared to entertain the defign of 
 attacking the redoubt and the caftle at the fame 
 moment ; but Colonel Dumafchow, from a brave 
 impatience, and before they were within reach, 
 difcharged fome balls at them, which counteracted 
 the general's firft plan, and for fome time delayed 
 their approach. They, however, advanced in 
 fkirmifning, and though there were fome works 
 that interrupted them, they continued to gain 
 
 vol. i. O 
 
su wo row's 
 
 ground ; but their march was not matked with its 
 ufual rapidity. Suworow now ordered his fkirmiiV 
 ers to retreat by little and little, and to take flight, 
 as if feized with a fudden panic. By this ftrata- 
 gem he hoped to tempt the enemy clofe to the en- 
 trenchments. 
 
 It did not, however, produce the defired effecl: ; 
 for as foon as they were freed from the flying par- 
 ties of the Ruffians, the Turkifli army immediately- 
 extended itfelf, and prefented a very uncommon 
 fpeclacle. Accuflomed as they were to fight in 
 fmall fcattered bands, the Turks now ranged tfyem- 
 felves in European order of battle, and formed 
 themlelves in regular lines. Ihe janiflaries, with 
 the artillery, occupying the centre, and the fpahis, 
 or cavalry, taking pofl on the wings. They then 
 advanced in tolerable order againfl the farthefl en- 
 trenchment, whofe ditch was not of any confidera- 
 ble depth, from the ftony nature of the ground ; 
 but it was guarded by a double range of chevaux- 
 de-frife, with pallifadoes behind, on a part of that 
 eminence which covered the ifland where the two 
 ftrong regiments were polled. 
 
 The Turks commenced the attack with a dif- 
 charge of ariillery ; and immediately advanced 
 againfl the entrenchments with fuch precipitation, 
 that the general himfelf had no other means of ef- 
 caping, but by leaping over the chevaux de-frife 
 that defended the entrance. Though they were 
 received by a verybriik and well fuflained difcharge 
 of mufquetry, they continued to advance, and 
 paffed, in great numbers, over the chevaux-de- 
 frife to the palifadcs, where they fixed their flan- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 dards ; but they tried in vain to proceed. Colo- 
 nel Machipelow, with the regiment of Starolkolin, 
 which was polled in the ifland, fell upon their right 
 wing with bayonets fixed. Prince Gagarin parted 
 the bridge, and having turned the height, attacked 
 their wing, and the Baron Rofen, with the cavalry, 
 charged the centre ; they were, therefore, foon 
 thrown into diforder ; and as they had not been 
 accuftomed to fight in rank and fde, their confufion 
 was proportionally encreafed. They abandoned 
 their artillery, and were purfued throughout the 
 night to the diftance of feveraj miles. The janiffa- 
 ries, incommoded by their heavy garments, threw 
 -them afide in order to facilitate their flight, and the 
 fpahis difperfed themfelves over the country. 
 
 General Suworow, at length commanded the 
 purfuit to ceafe, and gave his troops a few hours of 
 reft. In the morning, they returned to Chirfcowa, 
 and found their way ftrewed with the bodies of the 
 enemy. 
 
 The Turks loft, in this ac"lion, upwards of a 
 thoufand men, among whom were two pachas, and 
 a great number of Moors. The Ruffians took a 
 hundred prifoners, with fome officers, and nine 
 ftandards. The artillery, which fell into their hands, 
 confifted of eight cannons, and a mortar. On 
 their fide the number killed were very inconfidera- 
 ble, but their wounded amounted to four hundred. 
 
 At the end of October, Lieutenant-General Prince 
 Dolgorucki and the Baron Ungarn were ordered 
 to march to Schumma ; but they feparated on their 
 route, and the latter proceeded againft Warna, 
 
SUWOROw's 
 
 where he unfortunately failed ; while the violent 
 rains prevented Prince Dolgorucki from going to 
 Schumma. Suworow was to have accompanied 
 him in this expedition, but he was not, altogether, 
 recovered from his fever ; he, therefore, returned 
 into RulTia, to attend to his health, where he palled 
 the winter. 
 
 In 1774, towards the end of April, he returned 
 to the army of the Danube. He was now advan- 
 ced to the rank of lieutenant-general, and appointed 
 to command the fecond divifion, which was before 
 Sloboceia, over againft Siliftria, as well as the corps 
 de refervc, at Chirfcowa. This divifion confided 
 of fixteen battalions, twenty fquadrons, and two 
 regiments of CoiTacs. The corps de referve was 
 compofed of fifteen battalions, thirteen fquadrons, 
 a regiment of CoiTacs, and two thoufand five hun- 
 dred arnautes, with a large park of artillery. 
 
 Before Siliftria, where Lieutenant- General Su- 
 worow had fixed his quarters, there was a large 
 ifland of the Danube, which was an objec"l of con- 
 tinual conteft. He, therefore, made it neutral, to 
 to prevent all ufelefs attacks ; and the patroles, of 
 the different armies, frequently met there, without 
 infringing the neutrality of the place. 
 
 It was intended that the greater part of the Ruf- 
 fian army mould pafs the Danube ; but the genera!, 
 with a detachment from the main body, was en- 
 trenched in a wood, about a mile from Siliftria - y 
 where his people had frequent ftdrirufhes with the 
 enemy. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 IO9 
 
 At the end of a week, he quitted h!s entrench- 
 ments, and made a march of five miles ; in the courfe 
 of which, he met in a wood, Lieutenant-General 
 Kamenfki, with his corps, from Ifmail, who had 
 marched during the whole night, and had not found 
 time to either encamp or eat ; when, about noon, a 
 party of light horfe, who had been fent upon dif- 
 coveries, returned with the quarter-mafter-generai 
 of the Turks, whom they had made prifoner, with 
 his efcort. From him it was learned, that the 
 Turkifli army, of fifty thoufand men, was in full 
 march. 
 
 General Kamenfki commanded the fignal for re- 
 mounting, and ordered his cavalry to attack thofe 
 of the enemy, which had advanced into the wood ; 
 but they were repulfed. Suworow's infantry march- 
 ed on, with the cavalry behind ; and three fqua- 
 drons of huffars, with the Coffacs before. He im- 
 mediately fell upon the Turkiih cavalry, who were 
 purfuing the Ruffian horfe ; but had not fufhcient 
 force to continue the attack, and was obliged to 
 retreat. Many pieces were discharged at him, and 
 he was fo clofely purfued by a Spahi, that he was 
 indebted for his prefervation to the fwiftnefs of his 
 horfe. He foon after fell in with two battalions of 
 grenadiers, and a battalion of chafleurs, who had 
 been attacked with fuch precipitation, that they had 
 not time to form in a regular manner. They were 
 eight thoufand Albanian infantry, who had made 
 the attack, in their ufual manner, with fir outs and 
 outcry ; and had already killed feveral chafleurs, 
 who had advanced fo far as to have their retreat 
 cut off. The three battalions themfelves were in a 
 very perilous fituation. They continued firing for 
 
no 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 a whole hour, and feverely galled the Albanians, 
 bur not with fufHcient effect to make them give 
 way : at length, the Brigadier Machipelow arrived* 
 with two battalions of Senfki, two battalions of 
 Sufdal, and two companies of grenadiers. The 
 firing now difcontinued ; and, when the fmoke 
 was difperfed, it appeared that the advanced guard 
 of the l urks had made a retreat. 
 
 Suworow having traverfed the woods with Ma- 
 chipelow, and, obferving that the Turks fled on all 
 fides, he refolved to pufli his advantage. The way 
 through the wood was very narrow, fo that the 
 troops were obliged to march in files ; at the fame 
 time, the heat was fo oppreffive, that many of the 
 foldiers full down, and expired on the fpot. The 
 road was alfo covered with the carcafes of Turks, 
 and draft bullocks which they had killed. Thefe 
 animals had dragged Jbme hundreds of armed wag- 
 gons, which had been brought with a defign to 
 enclofe the Ruffians in their entrenchments. 
 
 General Louis, at the head of three thoufand 
 cavalry of the Ifmail corps, covered the march of 
 the infantry, and frequently haraffed the Albanians 
 in their flight, though he was continually repulfed 
 by numerous bodies of Turk i(h horfe : he was 
 fometimes, indeed, obliged to retreat to the infan- 
 try, to be protected, in his turn ,by their artillery. 
 On quitting the wood, they were overtaken by a 
 very heavy fhower of rain, which, though attended 
 with fome inconvenience, ferved to refrefh the 
 troops, and to Hacken the retreat of the Turks \ 
 the weight of whofe long robes increafed, in pro- 
 portion to the water they had imbibed : and, ?.? 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 I I i 
 
 they ufed fmall pockets, inftead of cartridge boxes, 
 their powder was moiftened, and rendered unfit 
 for ufe. 
 
 The Ruffians had no fooner gained the open 
 country, than they were cannonaded by three bat- 
 teries, which the Turks had raifed on a height ; 
 and from whofe fire the former fuftained considera- 
 ble lofs. But when Lieutenant -General Suworow 
 ordered his troops to attack the batteries, they were 
 infpired by his command, and foon became matters 
 of them. 
 
 The body of troops, which was collected to make 
 head againft the grand army of the Turks, amount- 
 ed to twelve thoufand men. Being ranged, in 
 order of march, they advanced againft the enemy, 
 on a plain which rofe with a gentle acclivity. The 
 janiifaries and Spahis inftantly attacked the right 
 wing of the Ruffians, who repulfed them with great 
 lofs. But, though the janiffaries renewed the at- 
 tack, with a fury approaching to madnefs, with a 
 fabre in one hand, and a poniard in the other, all 
 their efforts were vain : at length, after a bloody 
 conteft, they fled in different parties, and were 
 purfued, with added deftrudion, by the Ruffian 
 cavalry. 
 
 Some detachments of infantry, in making a 
 movement to the right, discovered* behind the 
 high ground, the Turkifh camp, which was placed 
 in a bottom, near the fmall town of Kofludgi, and 
 at the diflance of a little mile from the wood. This 
 circumftance was no fooner known, than General 
 Suworow refolved to attack it ; but, from the nc- 
 
112 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 cetTary rapidity of the manoeuvre, the greater part 
 of the artillery was left behind, and the troops haf- 
 tened to the fervice with no more than eight field- 
 pieces. But, after a few minutes firing from the 
 height, the Turks took to mght, and their camp 
 was fpeedily evacuated. 
 
 It was one of the mod beautiful camps the Turks 
 had formed. The tents were new, and all deco- 
 rated, after their fafhion, with the pictured diftinc- 
 tions of their different companies, which they de- 
 moninate odas ; with lions, flags, horfes, and ele- 
 phants. Contrary to their ufual cuflom, they had 
 left the whole (landing, without the lead injury, 
 and with all its valuable appendages ; fo that the 
 Ruffians poffeffed themfelves of an immenfe booty^ 
 
 On the other fide of the camp, there was fome 
 high ground, which General Suworow was deter- 
 mined to occupy, as it commanded the furround- 
 ing country. He proceeded, therefore, with three 
 fquadrons of huflars, and ordered the reft of his 
 troops to follow. The huflars had no fooner gain- 
 ed the height, than they were, very unexpectedly, 
 cannonaded, by fome very heavy artillery, from a 
 wood which was before them. The general, there- 
 fore, ordered Major Perfinriew, to take three com- 
 panies of infantry, and poiTefs himfelf of that peti- 
 tion. He accordingly difcomhtted the Turks, took 
 their cannon, and the troops maintained their 
 poft. 
 
 In this battle, which was fought on the nth of 
 June, the Turks loft three thoufand men, fome 
 hundred prisoners, forty pieces of artillery, and 
 
CAMPAIGNS* 
 
 eighty ftandards, with their fuperb camp. They 
 were commanded by the Aga of the Janiflaries, the 
 Reis effendi, and feveral bachas. 
 
 Soon after this vi&ory, Lieutenant-General Su- 
 worow was attacked by a very alarming return of 
 his fever; and he became fo weak, that he was not 
 only unable to mount his horfe, but it was with 
 great difficulty that he could ftand without affill- 
 ance. He therefore, quitted his divifion, and went 
 to Buchareft, to re-eflablifh his health. He had 
 defigned^ on his recovery, to repair to General 
 Count Toltikow, who commanded before Ruf- 
 chuck : but, in the mean time, peace was concluded. 
 
 After he had been to take leave of Field- Mar fhal 
 Romanzow, at Fokfchani, he returned to Ruflia; 
 but, on his arrival at JalTy, he received an order 
 from Peterfburgh, to proceed, with all poflible 
 hafte, to Mofcow, to aflift Prince Wolgonfk, com- 
 mander-in-chief at Mofcovy; where he was com- 
 miffioned to appeafe the interior troubles of that 
 pait of the empire. 
 
 VOL. I* 
 
 P 
 
Ii4 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 THE PURSUIT OF PUGATSCHEW, WHO IS MADE 
 PRISONER. 
 
 LlEUTENANT-General Suworow ar- 
 rived at Mofcow in the month of Auguft, 1774; 
 but in the fir ft converfation he had with Prince 
 Wolgonfki, he perceived that his prefence was not 
 necefiary in that city ; and accordingly fet off on 
 a tour through the interior parts of the empire. 
 
 In the courfe of it he paid a vifit to the General- 
 in-Chief Count Panin, who was employed to com- 
 pofe the difturbances that prevailed in that part of 
 the kingdom. At this time, Panin had received 
 inftructions from Peterfburgh refpe&ing Suworow ; 
 in confequence of which the latter was inverted 
 with full power, to act on all occafions as mould 
 feem beft for the advantage of his fovereign ; and 
 fpecial directions were difpatched to all commanders 
 of troops, as well as governors of the adjoining 
 provinces, to fubmit themfelves, without referve, 
 to the orders of Lieutenant-General Suworow. 
 
 Her Imperial majefty alfo condefcended to hon- 
 our him with a letter, written by herfelf, to teftify 
 the fatisfaction which fhe derived from his zeal and 
 activity in her fervice. 
 
 On the very day, when he received thefe ap- 
 pointments, he quitted Count Panin, under an ef- 
 cort of fifty men \ and took his route by Arfamas ? 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 115 
 
 Penza, and Saratow, where he obtained more po- 
 fitive information as to the fervice on which he was 
 to be employed. 
 
 A (hort time before, the rebel, or as Suworow 
 ufed himfelf to call him, the robber Pugatfchew, 
 after having forcibly carried ofFfome hundred men, 
 and all the draft horfes, had quitted this part of 
 the country to proceed to Zarizyn. The general 
 was therefore under the neceflity of embarking his 
 efcort on the Wolga for that place, while he march- 
 ed along the bank with the fmall number of horfes 
 which he had been able to procure. 
 
 In his route from Penza, he fell in with feveral 
 fmall corps which had been raifed by private gen- 
 tlemen. He alfo occafionaily encountered bodies 
 of troops who efpoufed the caufe of Pugatfchew ; 
 but they never attempted to attack him \ and, as 
 he had fo few people with him, he did not venture 
 to attack them. The rebel had often been beat and 
 put to flight, but he as often reappeared with re- 
 cruited power. His force at Saratow confided of 
 about eight theufand men, confiding in a great 
 meafure of ill-armed peafants. Among thefe there 
 were but a thoufand regular infantry, with about 
 twelve pieces of artillery, four regiments of CofTacs 
 of the Don, and three hundred Coflacs of Urallk, 
 who alone remained faithful to him, out of a large 
 body of them, which had been, in the beginning, 
 attached to his caufe. 
 
 At Tarizyn, the general met Colonel Michelfon, 
 who had very lately gained frefh and very confider- 
 able advantages, in an engagement with Pugatf- 
 
n6 suworow's 
 
 chew ; in which the regular infantry, who had 
 never been fincere in the caufe of that infurgent, 
 and the greateft part of the peafants, had furren- 
 dered : lb that his force confifted then only of the 
 CofTacs of Urallk, with fome bands of peafants ; 
 with which he took refuge in the extenfive heaths 
 of that country. 
 
 Thither Suworow was refolved to follow him, 
 nor to quit the purfuit till he had fecured him. 
 As Colonel Michelfon had, in the laft engagement, 
 taken a great number of horfes, they ferved to 
 mount three hundred infantry ; with which, two 
 fquadrons of regular troops, two hundred CofTacs, 
 And two field pieces, Suworow pafTed the Wolga 
 at Jarizyn, and afcended the river to the large 
 village of Michelowka, which is fituated over 
 sgainft the town of Denitrowfka. As the inhabi- 
 tants of this village had fwerved from their fidelity, 
 the general feized fifty pair of bullocks, on a pre- 
 tence that he wanted them for the tranfport of his 
 baggage ; but his real object was to provide for 
 his lubfiftence during his march through a long 
 trad of heathy unproductive country, where it 
 would not be pofiible to procure fufEcient provifions 
 to maintain his detachment for five days. 
 
 On the following day, they began their march 
 through thefe immenfe deferts, where there were 
 neither habitations, nor roads, nor any trace of 
 civilized life. In the day, they were obliged lo 
 direct their courfe by the fun, and at night the Mars 
 were their guides. Befides, the heat reflected by 
 the fands was infufferably opprefTive, nor could 
 they find a tree or thicket to afford them its hofpi* 
 
CAMPAIGNS. II J 
 
 ■ ' § ■ Mr* 
 
 table fhade : they were therefore obliged to purfue 
 their journey during the night. To their other 
 inconveniences, they were compelled to iefien the 
 allowance of provifions, as they did not know how 
 long it might be before they mould receive a frem 
 fupply. 
 
 They directed their courfe to the little river Ger- 
 flau, on whofe banks a few trees are fcattered, and 
 from thence to the five lakes of Saitch. There the 
 general fell in with Major Count Mellin, with a 
 tew hundred men, and Colonel Illoweilki, with a 
 regiment of CofTacs, and Martimianow, a chief of 
 the CoiTacs of Uralfk, who had not taken part with 
 the infurgents, with a hundred of his people. The 
 troops had left Jarizyn before Suworow's arrival at 
 that place. On their route through the defert, 
 they had met feveral bands of peafants, attached to 
 the party of Pugatfchew ; and, having convinced 
 them of their error, had fent them back to their 
 country without effufion of blood. 
 
 They arrived at the confluence of two rivers, 
 Ufa, which flow into a large lake. This fpot, 
 which is in the midft of the heaths of Uralfk, was 
 covered with wood, and thither, according to the 
 report of fome peafants who had quitted him, Pu- 
 gatfchew was endeavouring to retire. The Ruffian 
 troops amounted to about a thoufand men, well 
 provided wich field-pieces ; while Pugatfchew's 
 force was now reduced to three hundred. The 
 general accordingly diftributed his people into va- 
 'rious parties, in order to feek him out, and to cut 
 him off from all pofiibility of efcape. They were 
 already upon his track, in the thickeft part of the 
 
1 1 3 suworow's 
 
 wood, when the hermits, many of whom are fcat- 
 tered about this country, and fupport themfelves 
 by fifhing, gave information that Pugatfchew had 
 arrived there thai morning, and that fome of his 
 own people had bound him hand and foot, and 
 taken him to Urallk. 
 
 Pugatfchew had flattered himfelf, that he mould 
 have been able to perfuade fuch of the Coflacs as 
 appeared to be attached to his caufe, to accompany 
 him to the lake of Aral, beyond the Cafpian fea, 
 and unite themfelves to the Karakalpaks, a wan- 
 dering horde of Kirgis-Kay ; but when they heard 
 of the troops that were in purfuit of him, they 
 were alarmed at the danger that threatened them- 
 lelves, and took the refolution to deliver him up at 
 Urallk. 
 
 General Suworow now ordered all the parties to 
 be called in, and fet off for Uralfk. During the 
 night they loPc their way, and fell in with the 
 Kirkis, a nation known for their invincible cou- 
 rage ; many bands of which were fcattered about 
 thofe deferts. They are ftrangers to fear, and 
 though they were far inferior in numbers to the 
 Ruffians, they did not hefitate to attack them. 
 Twenty of thefe people were flain ; at the fame 
 time, many of the Ruffians were wounded with 
 their arrows, and the Count Maurimouitfch, aid- 
 de-camp, and a few others, loft their lives. 
 
 The general haftened onwards, accompanied by . 
 fuch as had activity fufficient to keep pace with 
 him ; and, in a few days, they arrived at Urallk. 
 Colonel Simonow, who was the commandant of the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 XI 9 
 
 town, had already taken Pugatfchew into his cuflo- 
 dy, and now deliverered him up to Suworow. 
 
 This infurgent had, at one time, collected fuch 
 a force, and was followed with fuch enthufialm, 
 that, if his underflanding had been equal to his 
 courage, and his moderation had kept pace with 
 his power, he might certainly have poflefled him- 
 felf of Mofcow, and made the Imperial Catherine 
 tremble on her throne. Many ftories are related 
 of him which we are not required to repeat. We 
 fhall only add, that he was a Cofiac, and born in a 
 village on the river Don ; and, as it is related, hav- 
 ing in his early youth aflifted a young woman in 
 conducting her horfes to drink in the river, fhe 
 accompanied her acknowledgments with a declara- 
 tion, that he would one day be emperor. This 
 prophetic compliment is faid to have worked up his 
 enthufiaftic mind, and, by inflaming his ambition, 
 to have produced the extraordinary circumilances 
 of his life. 
 
 General Suworow, having got porTelTion of Pu- 
 gatfehew, he accompanied in perfon the troops that 
 efcorted him, on his removal from Uraifk. During 
 a certain part of the way, he was enclofed in a large 
 cage, placed on a carriage ; but was afterwards re- 
 moved to a waggon, along with his fon ; a boy of 
 twelve years of age, who inherited, and at that early 
 period, difplayed the turbulent qualities of his father. 
 At length they arrived at Sinübirfk, a town on the 
 Wolga, when Suworow delivered up his prifoner 
 to Count Panin, who ordered him to be conveyed 
 to Mofcow ; where he fuffered the punißimentdue 
 to his crimes. 
 
SU WO row's 
 
 During the abfence of Count Panin at Mofcow, 
 the general remained at Sinfbirfk, and took the 
 command of the army. It amounted to eightv 
 thouiand men, who were in winter quarters, in dif- 
 ferent cantons upon the Wolga ; in the province 
 of Orenbourg, and in the governments of Cafna 
 and Penza. 
 
 In the fpringof the year 1775, the general join- 
 ed his corps on the frontiers. He afterwards went 
 by way of Samara to Orenbourg, where General 
 Monfjrow commanded, and of which General 
 Reinfdorf was governor, with whom he had a par- 
 ticular conference. As he was on his return by 
 Ufa, he received the very unexpected information, 
 that a fucceflbr of the rebel Pugatfchew, named 
 Sametriow, had appeared on the borders of the 
 Cafpian fea. This man had frequently pillaged the 
 Turks, and once feized feveral trading veflels, with 
 fome pieces of artillery. He made incurfions'by 
 fea and by land, and had approached to Aftracan, 
 on the fide of the lake Aral. 
 
 Meafures were accordingly taken to put a flop to 
 his career ; and the general difpatched two battali- 
 ons, with fome artillery, and dragoons, down the 
 Wolga for that purpofe. At the fame time, he 
 communicated the intelligence to the governor of 
 Aftracan. 
 
 Sametriow had been a private foot foldier, was 
 afterwards advanced, and had deferted. He pof- 
 fefTed both talents and courage, but the means of 
 employing them to any great extent had not been 
 afforded him. He had never collected more than 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 121 
 
 three hundred followers, and when they found that 
 he was in danger of being feized by the troops 
 that purfued him, they abandoned him to his fate. 
 
 The peace was celebrated during the fummer of 
 this year, at Mofcöw ; and Lieutenant-General Su- 
 worow received, on that occafion, a fword, enriched 
 with diamonds. During the following winter, he 
 went to Mofcow, and arrived there at the time 
 when the emprefs was preparing to leave it. He 
 was now advanced to the command of the Peters- 
 burg divifion, but he remained fome time at 
 Mofcow, for the fuperintendance of his private af- 
 fairs. 
 
 vol. h 
 
 Q 
 
122 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 SUWOROW'S OPERATIONS IN CUBA, A NEW KHAN 
 ESTABLISHED THERE. 
 
 In November, 1776, Suworow received 
 a commiflion for the Crimea, where Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral Prince Proforowfki then was. He arrived 
 there in December, took the command of a corps, 
 which was ftationed in winter quarters, in the envi- 
 rons of Perekop. 
 
 The emprefs had fixed on Schaim Ghiray, as 
 Khan of the Crimea, in the place of Deulet Ghiray. 
 The former was then in the wilds of Cuban, among 
 the Tartars of Nogay. In February, 1 777, he 
 came from Tamann, by the ftrait of CarTa, towards 
 Jenicole, in the Crimea. Suworow received him 
 under the walls of Perekop. In March, he advan- 
 ced againft the troops of Deulet Ghiray, and with- 
 out ftriking a blow, intirely difperfed them, by his 
 rapid marches in the neighbourhood of Karafbafar 
 and Achmetfchet, where he potted himfelf with 
 his corps. Deulet Ghiray fled acrofs the Black 
 Sea to Conftantinople, and Schaim Ghiray was 
 proclaimed Khan. 
 
 In till* courfe of the fummer, Suworow was 
 again attacked with a fever, and removed to a dif- 
 tance from the Crimea, on account of the climate : 
 he went to Pultava, and fell dangeroufly ill of an 
 inflammatory fever, from which he did not recover 
 till the%nd of the autumn. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 123 
 
 In December, he took the command of the corps 
 of Cuban, where he arrived by Roftow, Azof, 
 and Juy. This corps confifted of five regiments of 
 infantry, with their field -pieces, and twelve pieces 
 of heavy artillery, ten fquadrons of dragoons, 
 twenty fquadrons of hulTars, and five regiments of 
 ColTacs. They were diftributed partly under an 
 old fort, called Koppyl, partly in an entrenchment, 
 near Tarmar on the Black Sea, and the reft in the 
 wilds of Tamann, as far as Azof, in intrenchments 
 and redoubts of commnnication ; in each of which 
 a company was ported, with two pieces of cannon, 
 to defend themfelves againft the banditti of Cir- 
 calTia. 
 
 Thefe nations, who inhabit the left bank of the 
 Cuban, and are generally known under the name 
 of Circaflians, are divided into various tribes. 
 They are called great and little Abafcians, Circaf- 
 fians, (whofe country is celebrated for the beauty 
 of the women,) Schaptfchiks, Attukays, Temir- 
 gois, CalTaiens, and Barays. The little Abafcians 
 are altogether pagans, and the reft, though Maho- 
 metans by profeffion, retain many pagan ceremonies, 
 in fome degree blended with thofe of chriftianity. 
 Behind the Attukays are Tartar Naurufis, among 
 whom are many poor fultans of the race of Gerigis, 
 and a great number of that of Chaban-Suhan. 
 They are defcended from a fhepherd and a fultana 
 who was poifoned, but never thelefs have not loft 
 their title. All thefe tribes live in perfeci«*narchy. 
 
 Their wants, however, unite them in bands of 
 from ten to one hundred, and fometimes five hun- 
 dred men. They are ftrong and courageous, and 
 
124 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 are provided with fire-arms, fabres, and bows and 
 arrows. They often come and pillage even the 
 habitations of the CofTacs of the Don ; and, when 
 a few of their number are killed, return home, 
 keeping always on the defenfive. They are good 
 markfmen, and fo fwift, that it is very difficult 
 to take any of them. Their chief objeä: in their 
 incurfions is to make prifoners, whom they fell 
 for flaves to the l urks, or employ them in agri- 
 culture. Batyr Ghiray, elder brother of the reign- 
 ing Khan, had above an hundred of thefe flaves, 
 whom he maintained with great care, in a village 
 beyond the Cuban, 
 
 They infefted the public roads, and fometimes 
 even furprized the foldiers. Parties, indeed, had 
 been fent out to make reprifals on the left bank of 
 the Cuban, but it was difficult to diflinguifh the 
 innocent from the guilty. Hence Suworow thought 
 it expedient to cover all the right bank of that 
 liver with works. From its mouth to the lines of 
 Caucafus, which had before been fortified, weie 
 fmali fortrefles at intervals of ten miles, with inter- 
 mediate forts of lefler dimenfions. Thefe works 
 were merely repaired, and this undertaking Suwo- 
 row and Lieutenant-Colonel Fock completed, with- 
 out any engineer whatever. They each employed 
 fifteen hundred men, and, as the whole winter 
 palfed without fnow or cold weather in Cuban, the 
 work was finifhed in fix weeks. They were indeed 
 frequently interrupted by fudden attacks of the 
 Circaffians, though often with infignificant forces ; 
 but on fome occafions the enemy fell on them in 
 numbers, and as many as fifty men remained upon 
 the field. When the works were completed, the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 I2 5 
 
 incurfions of the Turks became more rare, though 
 they ftill continued to moleft them, and the Coflacs 
 fuffered the leaft in thefe attacks. 
 
 In May, 1778, Proforowfki left the Crimea for 
 Peterfburg, and Suworow took the command of 
 the corps in that Peninfula, and of the troops dif- 
 tributed over the country, as far as the Dniper ; 
 forming together a body of fixty thoufand men, 
 under the command of Field-Marmal Romanzow. 
 At that time, Lieutenant- General Tekelli com- 
 manded in the Ukrine, and Lieutenant-General 
 Recheffki in Poland. 
 
 The Porte viewing the elevation of Schaim Ghi- 
 ray, by no means, with an indifferent eye, made 
 preparations for war, and fent confiderable num- 
 bers of troops into Moldavia, who were alfembled 
 near Schotin. They alfo ordered out a fleet of 
 one hundred and fixty fail, fifteen of which were 
 of the line, under the orders of the celebrated 
 Halfan, Captain-Pacha, and of Alibey of Natoiia. 
 Suworow now fortified feveral peninfula's of the 
 Crimea, and even caufed entrenchments to be made 
 in the mountains. 
 
 Although the principal troubles in the Crimea 
 were appeafed, the Turks had ftiil eight or ten final! 
 ihips before Achtiar, now called Sebaftiopolis. 
 They had arrived there during the winter, with the 
 defign to excite an infurreclion among the Tartars. 
 To get rid of them at once, Suworow wenc on 
 horfeback to reconnoitre ?\ong the more in the 
 neighbourhood of Backtfchifarey, accompanied by 
 ihe Khan. Having obferved the mofl effehtiai 
 
126 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 points, he extended his troops during the night 
 along the two fides of the bafon, and fortified the 
 mouth of the port. Day put a ftop to their la- 
 bours, which were refumed in the following night. 
 The pretext for thefe operations was, that the 
 Turks, having difembarked to bring their cattle on 
 iliore, had killed a ColTac, who approached them ; 
 and that a packet had been detained at Conftanti- 
 nople. The Turks perceiving there was a deügn 
 to blockade them, quitted the port during the night, 
 and went out to fea. Thefe transactions took place 
 in July. 
 
 The grand fleet of the Turks, which was ftill at 
 fea, fent two deputies afhore, who, immediately on 
 landing, made a formal proteft, in the name of 
 their commander, againfl: the entrance of the Ruffi- 
 ans into the Crimea, and more efpecially againfl: 
 the prefence of the Ruffian fleet in the Black Sea ; 
 and expreffed themfelves with great feverity, calling 
 the Ruffian fleet corfairs, as that fea belonged ex- 
 clufively to the Grand Seignior. 
 
 Suworow received thefe deputies with the great- 
 eft politenefs, and at their departure delivered, to 
 them and to the Khan an anfwer in writing, of 
 which the fubftance was, that the Tartar govern- 
 ment had demanded of the emprefs, the aid of 
 Ruffian troops, and that confequemiy that govern- 
 ment had no occafion for the affiftance of the Turks; 
 that the Ruffian fleet cruifed in thofe leas for their 
 fafety, and that as to the name of corfair, ufed by 
 the Turkifh admiral, he was refponfible for that 
 infult to his mafter, the Grand Seignior, who was 
 the friend of Rullia. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 127 
 
 During their flay on fliore, the%eputies perceiv- 
 ed, with much furprife and uneafinefs, the fortifi- 
 cations creeled in various places ; and, fhortly after 
 their departure, in Auguft, the whole of the Turkifh 
 fleet appeared off the coaft of the Crimea. It ex- 
 tended from Kertfchi to Kailow, and the little 
 Ruffian fleet remained in the neighbourhood of 
 Jenikala. The Turkifn fleet were in want of frefh 
 water, and were defirous of procuring fome 011 
 ihore ; but were prevented by Ruffian picquets, 
 who w r ere polled at every point, and ready co fire 
 upon them. This refufal was given under a pre- 
 tence, that the drynefs of the feafon occafioned a 
 want of water among the inhabitants ; fo that the 
 admiral was hot allowed to procure frefh water for 
 himfelf. Suworow had given ftricl: orders on this 
 fubject, becaufe he thought it might, perhaps, be 
 an artifice of the Turks to fend men on more. 
 
 A fortnight after, the whole Turkiin fleet once 
 more gained the offing, and retired to Conflanti- 
 nople. 
 
 Suworow had been ordered by his court to trans- 
 plant fome Greek and Armenian chriftians from the 
 Crimea into Ruffia. Among thefe were many 
 perfons of property, who paid a confiderable re- 
 venue to the Khan. This delicate commiffion, 
 therefore, required confiderable circumfpection, 
 and as two minifters of the Khan ftrongly oppofed 
 the meafure, Suworow placed a guard before their 
 houfes, with cannon, until they mould defift. 
 The metropolitan of the Greeks, the chief of the 
 Armenians, and the curate of the Catholics, per- 
 fectly coincided in the views of Suworow, and in 
 
128 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 the fpace of a »onth the Chriftians abandoned 
 their dwellings, and emigrated with their property 
 and cattle to Ruflia, where they eftabliflied them- 
 felves in the government of Catherinoflow. This 
 colony confided of about twenty thoufand men. 
 Suworow procured for them as many poft horfes as 
 poflible, and other conveniencies for travelKng, di- 
 ilributing to the poor a ducat each, previous to 
 their departure. 
 
 In October Suworow placed his troops in winter 
 quarters, and having confided the command of the 
 corps of Cuban, to Major- General Kayfer, remain- 
 ed himfelf at Koflow. 
 
 In the courfe of the fummer, the Attukays at- 
 tacked them with a few hundred men, with an 
 intention of furprizing and carrying off the horfes 
 of a fquadron of huifars, which were at pafture. 
 The captain of the fquadron oppofed them with 
 his men on foot, who defended themfelves with 
 their carbines : but the Attukays ufed their rifle- 
 barrelled guns fo fkilfully, that the whole fquadron 
 were cut to pieces. The infantry, who were in- 
 trenched, took no part in this affair, becaufe their 
 commanders were at variance ; — the ufual fate of 
 fmali detachments, when employed without fuffi- 
 cient precautions. In other refpe&s every thing 
 fucceeded perfectly well in that quarter, and the 
 Circaflians were repulfed with lofs in almoft every 
 engagement. Colonels Hamborn and Stoeritfch 
 attacked the great Abafcians, and the territcry of 
 the Attukays with fuccefs. Although both fide? 
 fuftained fome lofs, that of the enemy was much 
 the greateft, and the Ruffians fucceeded in their 
 object of making their frontiers refpe&ed. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. \iq 
 
 \ In the fpring of 1779, Suworow took the field 
 with a large body of troops, and eflablifhed himfelf 
 near Karafubafar, whei e he made therii perform 
 feveral manoeuvres. Towards the month of ;une 
 the Porte acknowledged Schaim Gheray as Khan of 
 the Tartars of the Crimea, by a treaty concluded 
 between the Ruffians and the Turks. This was 
 what Ruflia demanded. The Grand Seignior, as 
 Calif, fent Khan a fabre and a caftan, which the 
 latter accepted ; but, contrary to cuftom, would 
 not permit the deputies to put them on him, but 
 ordered both the weapon and the drefs to be placed 
 in his cabinet. 
 
 At the end of June, the Ruffian troops marched 
 from the Crimea and Cuban, on their return to 
 Ruflia. The forts were abandoned, and the troops 
 were reviewed and infpected in the various camps. 
 Only a few thoufand men were left in the environs 
 of Kinburn and Jenikala, and the Aulic Counfellor 
 Conftantinow remained with the Khan, under the 
 title of Charge d'Affaires. 
 
 At Pultava, Suworow received the command of 
 the troops of Little Ruffias where the emprefs as 
 a teflimony of her approbation, gave him a fhuff- 
 box, with her portrait fet in diamonds. Here he 
 did not continue long, as he received orders, at the 
 beginning of the winter, to return to Peterfourg. 
 
 He was received there with the greatefl: attention, 
 and the court gave him the command of a fecret 
 expedition on the Cafpian Sea. The emprefs pre- 
 fented him with the flar of the Order of Alexander, 
 embellifhed with diamonds. It was the fame me 
 had herfelf worn on a habit of that order. 
 
 vol. I. R 
 
i3o 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 In March, 1780, Suworow went to Aftracan 9 
 where he made the neceiTary difpofitions, and pro- 
 cured the moft exact information refpeding Perfia ; 
 in which empire fome troubles had arifen, and a 
 bloody war commenced between the Khans, after 
 the death of Nadir Scah. He reconnoitred the 
 Seven Mouths of the Wolga and the neighbouring 
 coafts of the Cafpian j but the expedition did not 
 take place, although the corps and troops were 
 already fet down in the war-lifts for that fervice. 
 Suworow remained fome months at Aitracan, after 
 which he received the command of the divifion of 
 Cafan, in which province he arrived in 178 1, and 
 continued there a confiderable time. 
 
CAMPAIGNS* 
 
 CHAR VI. 
 
 THE TARTARS TAKE THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TQ 
 
 RUSSIA. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE NOG AYS 
 
 BEYOND THE CUBAN. 
 
 HE Sultan Mahomet Ghiray, being a 
 fworn enemy to the Khan Schaim Ghiray, although 
 his neareft relation, (lirred up the Tartars againlt 
 the Khan, who was then in his capitol. This re- 
 volt: broke out in autumn, and the Khan fled, ac- 
 companied by his mod faithful fervants, to Kaffa, 
 where he embarked, and arrived by the fea of Azof, 
 at Petrowlk, a Ruflian fortrefs, built on the north- 
 ern coaft. 
 
 Towards the end of 1782, Prince Potemkin ar- 
 rived at Cherfon, with a commiffion from the em- 
 prefs ; and, having fent for Suworow, together 
 with the divifion of Cafan, had an interview with 
 the Khan at Petrowlk, and immediately fet off for 
 Peterfburg. 
 
 The Kahn returned to Balktfchifarey, accompa- 
 nied by a confiderable number of Ruffian troops, 
 and the troubles were very fpeedily appeafed. The 
 malcontents had proclaimed his elder brother, Ba- 
 tyr Ghiray, khan in his place. The other brother, 
 Arflar Ghiray, who commanded in Cuban, as 
 feralkier of the Tarters of Noga, was at that time 
 with his elder brother in the Crimea ; and both 
 they and their fuites were carried off by the Ruf- 
 
SUWOROW'äf 
 
 fians, who. after keeping them prifoners for fome 
 time, embarked them on the Cuban, and reitored 
 them their liberty ; fo that the whole terminated 
 without much effufiöä of blood. But the rebel 
 chief, Mahomet Ghiray, being arretted, was 
 (toned, by order of the Khan, and feveral other 
 Tartars, who had perfifted in their rebellion, were 
 punimed with death. 
 
 Suworow now fet off for Saint Demetrius, and 
 for Azof, where he again took the command of the 
 Cuban, at the beginning of the winter. The corps 
 confifte3 of twelve battalions, with their artillery 
 and heavy field-pieces, twenty fquadrons of dra- 
 goons, fix regiments of Cofiacs, and the remainder 
 of the militia of the Don, under their commander, 
 IIöweifKL 
 
 At the end of May, Prince Potemkm again went 
 to Cherfon, ftnt lor Suworow, deliberated with 
 him, and returned to Saint Demetrius. 
 
 Six corps were now fet cn foot, befides two in 
 Poland, to keep the Turks in awe. The fir ft of 
 thefe corps was ftationed at Kotmifch, under the 
 command of Prince Repnin ; the lecond at Hu- 
 mann, under Count Soltikcw ; the third as a body 
 of referve in Little Rufiia ; the fourth as a troop 
 of execution in the government of the Crimea, un- 
 der Prince Potemkin himfelf ; the fifth was that of 
 Cuban, under Suworow ; and the lixth in Cauca- 
 fus, under Paul Potemkin. 
 
 The rendezvous of Suworow's troops was under 
 the fortrefs of Jay, fifteen miles from Azof, in the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 »33 
 
 wilds of Cuban. He haftened the aiTemblage of 
 his regiments, feveral of which had confulerable 
 marches to perform fome coming from diftant quar- 
 ters near the Don, and others from the lines of 
 Caucafus. 
 
 In the courfe of June, part of the troops having 
 arrived in the neighbourhood of Jay, Suworow 
 fent a proclamation, inviting the tribes of the Tar- 
 tar hordes of Nogay to come and fee him, treated 
 them as old acquaintance, and gave them a grand 
 gala in the wilds ; at which above three thoufand 
 Nogay Tartars were prefer! t. Their behaviour was 
 friendly, and they returned home the following 
 day. 
 
 As the troops arrived, they were fent foward 
 without lofs of time, to occupy with redoubts, the 
 lines from Jay, as far as Tamann, where the prin- 
 cipal points of Kopyl and Kurkey were. Suworow 
 remained near Jay, with four battalions and their 
 field-pieces, ten fquadrons of dragoons, and two 
 regiments of Coflacs. 
 
 On the 28th of June, which was the anniverfary of 
 the accelTion of the emprefs, the Nogay hordes 
 again afTembled, with a numerous train of attend- 
 ants, in confequence of being invited to the feaft. 
 They came to the number of five or fix thoufand, 
 and the whole of the country round Jay was co- 
 vered with their tents. 
 
 Schaim Ghiray, khan of the Nogay Tartars, 
 now abdigated his dignity, at the fame time noti- 
 cing to the Tartars ; 1 ft. That he had come to 
 
*34 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 that refolution of his own accord ; 2d. That they 
 were at liberty to chooie his fucceflor ; 3d. That he 
 was determined to live and die among them. Prince 
 Potemkin immediately publifhed a manifefto from 
 the emprefs, with a fupplement in his own name, 
 ordering all the Tartars to take the oath of fidelity 
 to the emprefs. Thefe manifeftoes were alfo fent 
 into the Cuban, a little before the 20th of June. 
 
 On this occafion, the troops were diflributed in 
 proper order, and in feveral divifions in the envi- 
 rons of Jay j and when divine fervice was conclud- 
 ed, the Nogay chiefs affembled, and in the prefence 
 of Suworow, publicly fwore, on the Koran, fidelity 
 and homage to the ernprefs. They afterwards went 
 to their tribes, and made them take the fame oath. 
 The whole of this ceremony was performed with 
 the greateft folemnity, amidfl the continual dif- 
 charge of artillery, and fongs of joy. Several of 
 the Tartars received appointments in the Ruffian 
 fervice, -he oldeft being made Half officers, and 
 fbme others fubalterns. 
 
 When the whole was concluded, a grand feaft 
 was given, in an immenfe open place in the wilds. 
 The guefts were feated on the ground, in the man- 
 ner of the Tartars, and diflributed in a number of 
 fmall groups, all placed according to their rank. 
 The dinner confided, principally, of boiled and 
 roaft meat : a hundred oxen, and eight hundred 
 lheep, were killed on the occafion; and, as the 
 laws of the Tartars did not permit them to drink 
 wine, but only Sago brandy, five hundred eimers 
 (thirty-two thou fand pints) of that liquor were pro- 
 vided and the company allowed to drink at pleafurej 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 *35 
 
 befides which, EngHfli porter was ferved to the 
 chiefs, who dined at Suworow's table. This party 
 drank healths in a large cup, which was handed 
 round the table, accompanied by difcharges of 
 cannon, and continual cries of joy, and of u Urra 
 and Allah !" The other companies did the fame, 
 and mirth and happinefs prevailed throughout the 
 fcene. Ruffians and Tartars were mingled together, 
 and after dinner, races were performed, on all fides, 
 between the Tartars-and the CofTacs. Some of the 
 Tartars died, in confequence of drinking to excefs ; 
 which they confider as an honour in their great 
 feafts. In the evening a fecond feaft was ferved, 
 which continued great part of the night. 
 
 A fimilar entertainment was given the following 
 day, the 29th of June, which was that of St. Peter 
 and St. Paul, the grand duke's patron, when a 
 breakfaft was given; afcer which, the Tartars 
 took their leave, embracing the Ruffians as breth- 
 ren. 
 
 Immediately afcer the oath had been taken, Su- 
 worow fent a courier to Prince Potemkin, with this 
 acl: of faith and homage of the Tartars. Thofe of 
 the Crimea foon followed their example. 
 
 When the Nogays were returned to Jay, their 
 firft ftep was to adminifter the fame oath to their 
 tribes, in the prefence of the Ruffian ftafF and 
 ©ther officers. 
 
 Soon after, Suworow received a letter from the 
 emprefs, to the following effedt : 
 
»3« 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 To our Lieutenant-General de Suworoio. 
 
 " In the affairs confided to your care, and parti- 
 " cularly in the commillion you have borne, under 
 " the direction of our General Prince Potemkin, 
 * c for the re-union of the various nations of the Ruf- 
 " fian empire, you have fhewn a zeal and activity 
 cc for our fervice, which has excited our particular 
 <c attention and favour. Willing to give you a 
 <c public teftimony of our approbation, we hereby 
 " grant you the grand crofs of the equeftrian order 
 <c of Saint Wolodimir, of the firft clafs, of which 
 46 we fend you the decorations. We command you 
 <c to receive and wear them, according to the fta- 
 " tutes. We are, affectionately, 
 
 " Catherine/ 5 
 
 Czarcofelo, July 28, 1783. 
 
 As the conflancy of the Nogays was wholly un- 
 certain, and could not be relied on, it was propo- 
 fed to remove all tneir tribes, by fmall degrees to 
 the wafle lands of Uralfk, and difarm them when- 
 ever an opportunity mould offer. A very extenfive 
 cordan was formed from the river Jay to the mid- 
 dle of the Don ; and, in the courfe of July, all the 
 Tartars of Nogay affembled near Jay. 
 
 Here it will be proper to fpeak more at large of 
 this nation, fo celebrated in the ancient times ; a 
 nation, with whom, five hundred years ago, Genghis 
 Khan conquered Afia, as far as the confines of 
 China ; and among whom Tamerlane was born. 
 The Nagay Tartars pretend to come from the Uf- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 »37 
 
 beks. Tfchtttfchi, eldefl: fon of Gengis Khan, be- 
 ing with his brothers in China, at the fiege of a 
 fortrefs, was reprimanded by his father for fome 
 faults committed there. Enraged at this, he fled 
 to the Kuptfchacs, and though they already had 
 a khan, took part in the government, in which he 
 ifiewed great penetration. He afterwards continued 
 as fovereign over this nation, who, at that time, 
 had in their power the greater part of RufTia ; their 
 frontiers extending along the Wolga, as far as 
 Penza, Arfamas, and the great foreft of Muron, 
 where entrenchments, are Hill to be feen. He 
 built a refidence for himfelf, at Sarayfcheck, on 
 the river Atkoban, nine miles from the rich and 
 extenfive city of Jarizin, for which purpofe he fent 
 for architects from Mofcow. The ruins of fome 
 of the ftreets, and large fquares, where the Ruffian 
 princes were obliged to pay their tribute, are ftiil 
 in exillence. The fucceifors of Tfchutfchi govern- 
 ed with moderation, and did not interfere in mat- 
 ters of religion ; the patriarch retained his autho- 
 rity, and the laws were on the fame footing as be- 
 fore. The Ruffian princes continued to fubmit to 
 the Kuptfchacs till the time of the celebrated Ma- 
 may, who w T as, properly, a grand vizir among the 
 Tartars ; and who, having carried his arms into 
 the interior of Ruflia, within fifteen werfts of Mof- 
 cow, was completely beaten and repulfed by the 
 great Prince Demetrius Donfkoy. From that pe- 
 riod, inteftine divifion, and epidemic diforders fuc- 
 ceffively depopulated their hordes ; which, origin- 
 ally, confifled of feveral hundred thoufands. At 
 length the Czar I wan Wolfilowitfch, who made 
 himfelf mafler of the kingdoms of Kafan and Aflra- 
 can, repulfed thefe Tartars in the wilds of Uralfk ? 
 vol. i. S 
 
SUWOROw's 
 
 behind the Wolga ; and, towards the clofe of the 
 laft century, feveral of them, traverfing the wilds 
 of Cuban, fled through the Crimea, to take refuge 
 in Beffarabia, and placed themfelves under the 
 protection of the Turks. 
 
 Bady Khan, fecond fon of Gengis, was to bring 
 all the reft of Ruflia entirely under fubje&ion to 
 him. He treated the princes who fubmitted, with 
 great moderation, but was extremely rigorous to- 
 wards thofe who refilled his authority. The cele- 
 brated Grand Duke, Alexander Newfki de Wolo- 
 dimir refufed to wait on him when he palTed, and 
 as he perfifted in his refufal three times, he was 
 required to make fatisfa&ion by fire ordeal. This 
 he alfo refufed, and went to the Khan, faying, " I 
 " am willing to acknowledge you as fovereign, but 
 " cannot honour your gods, as I only believe in 
 " one/' The Khan was fo well fatisfied with this 
 firm anfwer, that he left the prince in poffeffion of 
 his eftate*, and afterwards added to them. 
 
 This Khan traverfed Poland, and his army ad- 
 vanced as far as the frontiers of Silefia. Wherever 
 thefe Nomades palled, they left colonies behind 
 them, branches of which are ftili to be found near 
 Mofcow, and in Poland. ■ From them are descend- 
 ed the families of Beliak and Korizki. 
 
 The tribes of the Nogay Tarters were diftinguifh- 
 ed by the following names : the Upper and Lower 
 GedifTans, the Great and Little Tfhamburluks, the 
 Gedifchkulers to the right and left, the Kuptfchaks, 
 and the Akermans. Thefe laft had been much 
 diminifhed by a violent epidemical diforder, which 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 l 39 
 
 prevailed among them when they emigrated from 
 Beflarabia to Cuban, in the lalt war. Thefe na- 
 tions, who were once fo formidable, and who were 
 able to fend a hundred thoufand cavalry into the 
 field, are now reduced to lefs than one-third their 
 ancient population. They have always continued 
 to purfue a paftoral life ; living on the produce of 
 their flocks, and eat rice inftead of bread ; as they 
 began very late to cultivate wheat. Their drefs is 
 very fimple ; and a new fheep's fkin ferves them 
 for holiday clothes. They have few good fire-arms, 
 and, in general, make great ufe of bows and ar- 
 rows : they have alfo javelins made of a bad kind 
 of wood, which is found in thefe defarts. They 
 likewife arm themfelves with a fabre, and many of 
 them ufe their knives as poniards. In battle, they 
 alfo employ large hammers, which they fallen to 
 their hands with a thong of leather. Such was the 
 manner of life of the Nogay Tarters, the defend- 
 ants of the celebrated Gengis Khan. 
 
 Their march towards the Don, and the wilds of 
 Uralfk, was divided into feveral columns, under an 
 efcort of Ruffian troops. At the end of July, when 
 they were half way to the Don, Schaim Gheray 
 arrived at Tamann, together with his fuite, by the 
 (trait of Jenikala, where he circulated feditious let- 
 ters, and fecretly ftirred up the Nogay hordes. 
 Hence arofe a confiderable revolt, and the rebels 
 retired to the river Cuban, where they met with 
 refiftance from thofe who remained faithful to Ruf» 
 fia ; among whom the commander of the GedilTans, 
 and old MulTabeg, chief of the Tfchamburluks, 
 xleferve to be particularly diftinguifhed. They had 
 many engagements with their countrymen, in which 
 
su wo row's 
 
 much blood was fpilt, and Muffabeg himfelf was 
 feverely wounded in the neck with a fabre. 
 
 Suworow was unwilling to ufe force for the re- 
 floration of tranquility. The Tartars marched 
 againft the line of forts ; and, to the number of fe- 
 veral thoufand men, advanced to the camp, without 
 fuffering themfelves to be broken. On attempting 
 to pafs a morafs, where an officer was ported with a 
 company of fufileers, and a piece of artillery, by 
 whom they were refitted, they engaged him, and 
 advanced with their chief, who prefled forward 
 with the utmofl fury. The little platoon, however, 
 defended themfelves long enough to receive the re- 
 inforcement of a fquadron of dragoons, who were 
 encamped at the diflance of a mile. An hour after 
 Colonel Telegin, who was at a {till greater diflance, 
 arrived in the utmofl hafte, with two battalions, 
 who immediately broke the enemy's rank, and de- 
 feated and difperfed the Tartars. This engagement 
 cofl them five hundred men. The pofi which Co- 
 lonel Telegin had abandoned, was alfo a very im- 
 portant pafs ; the Nogays took advantage of the 
 oppportunity, and feveral thoufand of them traverf- 
 ed the morals, and fled into the country of the 
 Temirgois, in the Naurus, behind the river Cuban ; 
 but being purfued, they abandoned their immenfe 
 herds of cattle, and removed to a greater diflance. 
 The booty confifled of about thirty thoufand horfes, 
 forty thoufand horned cattle, and above two hun- 
 dred thoufand fheep. 
 
 Suworow, who was in the middle of the line, 
 made a j unction with Lieutenant-Colonel Lefcjhte- 
 witfch, infpector-general of the Nogays. Here he 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 was informed, that Taw Sultan Murfa had juft been 
 plotting a new confpiracy. This Murfa, governor 
 of the young fultan, who was nephew to Schaim 
 Gheray, was defirous of raifing his pupil to che 
 dignity of Khan, and had already been the frequent 
 inftigator of revolts. The confpiracy was foon 
 broke out, and kanfanka was the watchword they a- 
 dopted. They packed up their kibiks (tents J, placed 
 the whole on carnages, together with the leaft of 
 their children, and drove their cattle before them, 
 having, previous to their departure, maffacred the 
 Ruffians who had been left to watch them, and who 
 were unable to fave themfelves by flight. The 
 troops of the cordon, who were the nearer!;, haf- 
 tened to attack them, but were obliged to retreat 
 from the inferiority of their numbers. Taw Sultan 
 attacked Jay, at the head of a few thoufand men, 
 and thougo repulfed with lofs, continued his march 
 towards the river Cuban, and collected the reft of 
 the Nogays, as alfo fome of the chiefs of thofe who 
 had continued faithful ; and, among the reft, Halli 
 EfFendi, with his wife, whom he carried away. 
 Moft of the faithful Tartars encamped in the envi- 
 rons of Jay. 
 
 ^n Augufl, Suworow affembled his troops in one 
 body, near Kopyl, and caufed barracks to be pre- 
 pared for the approaching winter quarters. At the 
 end of the month, the Tartars made an attack be- 
 yond the Cuban with ten thoufand men, and tra- 
 veled the wilds to fall upon Jay, where a fufficient 
 garrifcn had been left. They attacked the entrench- 
 ments, during three following days, with fo much 
 impetuofity, that they loft four hundred men, and 
 had two hundred taken prifcners in a fally. They 
 
142 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 then took to flight, but were able to carry off feve- 
 ral of their men who had remained behind. 
 
 In the courfe of September, Prince Potemkin, 
 generaliflimo of all the forces, ordered Suworow to 
 arrell Schain Gheray, at Tamann, to put his corps 
 into winter-quarters on the Don, and to put an 
 end to the operations he intended to undertake a- 
 gainft the Nogays. 
 
 The fu ft of thefe meafures did not take place. 
 Suworow had already left Kopyl when the orders 
 arrived, and was under cover in a wood two miles 
 from that place. Major-General Jellagin was then 
 at Tern an with Colonel Holle. To him Suworow 
 immediately difpatched a courier, who, pafiing the 
 night at Kopyl, where he was to be joined by the 
 neceffary elcort, was obliged to wait till the next 
 day, becaufe General Philippow was in bed, and 
 had given orders that he mould not be difturbed. 
 This general gave the courier an eicort of about 
 thirty CoiTacs, who were cut to pieces on the road, 
 by above a hundred Abafcians, and the courier was 
 obliged to return. Ifaiow, colonel of a regiment 
 of CofTacs, was ordered, with the utmoft hafte, to 
 join Jelagin, near Teman, and he accordingly fet 
 forward on the march. 
 
 In the night previous to his arrival, Schaim Ghe- 
 ray was informed of the fate which threatened him, 
 and, having with him a numerous body of men, 
 fpeedily mounted his horfe, and, together with 
 his people, flattened to the banks of the Cuban, 
 which is but two miles from thence, where he found 
 fome boats, which Jelagin had net removed j he 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 '43 
 
 knowing nothing of the project, and having always 
 been treated with politenefs by Shaim Gheray. 
 jelagin and Ifaiow purfued him ; but he had al- 
 ready pafled the river. In vain they called after 
 him, but he anfwered their folicitations with ex- 
 cufes, and retired into Circaflia. 
 
 The detachment appointed for the expedition on 
 the left bank of the Cuban, confided cf fixteen 
 companies of infantry, in four platoons, each of 
 which had two light field -pieces, fixteen fquadrons 
 of dragoons, with the fame number of pieces of 
 artillery, and four regiments of CofTacs. The 
 commanding officer Iloweifki was ordered to march 
 directly towards the Cuban, with twelve regiments 
 of CofTacs, each five hundred men ftrong, and to 
 make a junction with Suworow at an appointed time 
 and place. 
 
 This corps had performed a march of thirty miles. 
 They afeended the right of the Cuban, always ad- 
 vancing by night, and in the day time halting in 
 the woods. They proceeded in thegreateft filence, 
 and without fignals, becaufe the Circaffians had 
 ftrong picquets on the left banks, and they were 
 anxious to avoid difcovery. For the fame reafon, 
 Suworow having before met a Turkifh meflenger 
 from Sutfchuk, replied to his enquiries : " It is a 
 tc fmall detachment which remained behind, and 
 " which I am conducting to the corps of Cauca- 
 " fus." 
 
 The, Grand Quarter-Mafter Foedorow was on 
 horleback in the van, and as there was no road 
 along the bank, he polled two CofTacs at every 
 
144 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 quarter of a league as guides. When they arrived 
 oppofite to the country occupied by the Attukays, 
 on the left bank, they found fo little wood, that 
 they could not conceal their march. The river, 
 too, was very narrow in that part, and the Attu- 
 kays fired acrofs it, both with mufkets and bows 
 and arrows. They did not, however, much annoy 
 the Ruffians, who were careful not to anfwer their 
 lire. Towards noon, Suworow fent for the Bey 
 who commanded there, and feverely reprimanded 
 him for this conduct ; and the Bey difperfed the 
 oiFenders by driving them away with whips. As 
 to the deftinatian of the troops, the fame explana- 
 tion was given to the Bey as to the Turkifh meflen- 
 ger from Sutfchuk. 
 
 At length the corps approached the river Laba, 
 which arifes in Mount Caucafus, in the province of 
 Cuban. Here they met with no more wood, and 
 the troops concealed themfelves, by encamping in 
 hollows ; but were not molefted by any enemy 
 whatever. 
 
 Not far from the bank were fome hills of confi- 
 derable height. Suworow afcended them, and 
 perceived fome Nogays making hay ; and when 
 he faw the diftant fmoke of their fires, he was fully 
 confirmed in the information he had received, that 
 this was the place where the Nogay Tarters were 
 encamped. The Ruffians halted during the day. 
 In the afternoon, Iloweilki, the commanding offi- 
 cer on the Don, joined them according to appoint- 
 ment, with his twelve regiments of CofTacs, and at 
 dufk they marched towards the right bank of the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 »45 
 
 Cuban, which in that part is flat, and covered with 
 fine forefts. On their arrival the moon (hone very 
 bright. 
 
 In this place the Cuban is a full quartei of a mile 
 broad, and as they had no pontoons, they prepared 
 to ford, or fwim acrofs it, and fent forward fome 
 CoUacs to find out the fordable parts. The infantry 
 flripped theinfelves, and forded the river naked, 
 carrying their arms and cartouch boxes on their 
 heads, being frequently up to their moulders in 
 fhater. The cavalry took the clothes of the infant- 
 ry on the cruppers of the horfes, and carried the 
 ammunition two by two, that the powder might 
 not be wetted. Thus they palled the river in com- 
 panies and in fquadrons ; the horfe crofling fome- 
 what higher, to break the force of the current. 
 In the middle of the fiream was a fpacious ifland, 
 where they halted for a fhort time, when, in the 
 fame order, they gained the left bank, which they 
 found very deep, and covered with rocks. Even 
 the ColTacs had great difficulty to get on more on 
 horfeback, and above all the dragoons, who carried 
 the ammunition ; and it required great labour to 
 hoift up the artillery, and the reft of the baggage, 
 with ropes. The infantry climbed up, and drefTed 
 themfelves, but the banks were fo full of rocks, that 
 they could fcarcely make ufe of the intrenching 
 tools which they had brought with them. 
 
 All being now in order, they began to march. 
 Having proceeded nearly a mile, they came to a 
 morafs, which it was necelfary to pals. They af- 
 cended the right bank of the Laba, and having 
 proceeded another mile, the van guard met a pa- 
 
 vol. i, T 
 
SUWOROW'S 
 
 trole, whom they made prifoners, and who ferved 
 them as guides. 
 
 The next morning they furprized the Nogays. 
 The CofTacs whofe country on the Don that nation 
 had formerly ravaged, now took the moft dreadful 
 revenge. The maflacre continued till noon. This 
 event took place near an old ruined cattle in the 
 neighbourhood of Kermentfchuk. 
 
 After halting an hour, they advanced two miles 
 farther. When they arrived at the foreft: of Farifch, 
 which extends as far as Mount Caucafus, the Ruf- 
 fians attacked the reft: of the Nogay Tartars. The 
 engagement was as vigorous as that of the morn- 
 ing, though many Tartars took to flight as foon as 
 they were informed of this fudden attack. But the 
 Termigois and the Nawrus, in whofe country this 
 a&ion happened, and who defended the Nogays, 
 fuffered a confiderable lofs. The prince of the 
 Nawrus was killed, and his daughter led away 
 captive. 
 
 The light troops fought on both banks of the La- 
 ba. The engagement continued until the evening, 
 when the victorious army repofed in the field of 
 battle, which was in a plain ; and the next day 
 purfued the enemy to a diftance of fome miles, 
 though without being able to overtake them. The 
 conquerors returned on the following day, and re- 
 paired the Cuban. 
 
 From the time of Mamay, of whom we have 
 fpoken above, and who was defeated by Demerius 
 Donikoy, the Nogays had never been fo feverely 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 H7 
 
 handled as on this occafion, which happened on 
 the ill of October. In the two battles, about four 
 thoufand perfons, men and women remained upon 
 the field of battle, which extended a mile and a 
 half along their tents. The Coffacs, according to 
 the cuftom of thofe nations, carried with them a 
 great number of young children. 
 
 When the Ruffians returned to the right bank of 
 the Cuban, the commanding officer lloweifki re- 
 turned with his troops towards the Don. At that 
 time, the troops had already fet off for Kopyl to 
 go into winter quarters in the fame canton, agreea- 
 bly to their orders. The corps detached from Su- 
 worow did the fame, and that general retained only 
 a few companies of the infantry, two pieces of can- 
 non, a fquadron of dragoons, and a regiment of 
 Coffacs, with which he marched acrofs the wilds of 
 the fortrefs of Jay. He had above forty German 
 miles to go, and more than ten rivers to crofs. In 
 fording thefe, his troops were frequently up to their 
 middle in water, and were obliged to throw bridges 
 over the deeper channels. The want of wood 
 obliged them to make thefe bridges of reeds 
 and turf, which lafted at the utmoft but four-and- 
 twenty hours ; as the current deftroyed them ; and 
 when the troops did not make hafte to pafs, it be- 
 came neceffary to make others. Some Tartars who 
 aded as guides acrofs the wilds, directed their march 
 too much to the northward, which caufed them to 
 make a falfe march of ten miles. At length their 
 provifions began to fail them ; and, on the laft day, 
 were entirely confumed. 
 
SUWOROW's 
 
 At the end of October, they arrived at fort Jay, 
 where Suworow made the necefTary difpofitions. 
 There had always been a fufEcient number of men 
 in the caftle and fort of Jay, becaufe the chiefs of 
 the Nogay hordes were there under the inflection 
 of Lieutenant- Colonel Lefchkewitfh ; and after the 
 feparation of the Serafkier, Arllan Gheray, his fuc- 
 ceflor, Hallil Efrendi, governor-general of the Tar- 
 tar tribes which had remained behind, encamped 
 in the neighbourhood. 
 
 When Suworow arrived, he paid fome vifits, and 
 particularly to his friend Murfa Bey, prince of the 
 Tfchamberluks, who was a venerable old man. He 
 had not yet recovered the wound in his neck ; but 
 was highly gratified to fee Suworow in good health. 
 He embraced him with tears in his eyes, and called 
 him his fon. 
 
 Suworow did not flay many days. In the be* 
 ginning of November, he went by Azof to St. 
 Demetrius, leaving, as a garrifon in the caftle, a 
 company of grenadiers, one of fufileers, and a re- 
 giment of CofTacs. There were twelve pieces of 
 cannon in the fort. 
 
 Except Taw Sultan and a few others, almoft all 
 thofe who had fled towards the left bank of the 
 Cuban, wrote to Suworow with white flags, con- 
 ffeffifig their error, and promiffing that in the fpring 
 they would return to their former pofitions, which 
 many of them actually did. 
 
 The Ruffians, after their departure from that 
 country, being much difperfed, were attacked 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 I49 
 
 throughout the winter by the Clrcaflians, and ef- 
 pecially by the pagans of Abafcia. Many of the 
 Ruffians were killed, and others carried off and 
 fold as flaves in Natolia. At length, however, they 
 aflembled in greater numbers, and put themfeves 
 in a flate of defence. 
 
 Among the Tartars who returned, was the cl- 
 devant Hallii Effendi, who had prefented himfelf 
 with fome of his followers before the end of the 
 autumn. 
 
 There are at prefent on the north coaft of the 
 fea of Azof, about three thoufand kibiks,or fami- 
 lies of thefe Tartars, each family, or kibik, con- 
 fiding of four or five perfons. After their emigra- 
 tion from BefTarabia into the wilds of Cuban, there 
 remained about one thoufand families under the 
 protection of the Turks, and on the left bank of 
 the Cuban, in the wilds of Attukay, nearly one 
 thoufand more ; whom Bajazel Murfa promifed to 
 remove to join the reft. Several of their families 
 became poor in confequence of changing their re- 
 lidence, the length of their journey having obliged 
 them to abandon their cattle, in which the whole 
 wealth of thefe wandering nations confifh, or to 
 part with them for very inconfiderable prices. 
 
 In the courfe of the autumn, the plague made 
 fome ravages at Cherfon, and fpread as far as the 
 Don. It continued till Chriiimas, but fuch pre- 
 cautions were taken, that not more than a hundred 
 perfons fell victims to it on the banks of the Don, 
 of whom not one-third were foldiers. 
 
SUWOROw's 
 
 Suworow paffed the winter at St. Demetrius, 
 where the chiefs of the Tartars who remained be- 
 hind, and with whom he was on friendly terms, fre- 
 quently vifited him. Mufla Bey had now recovered 
 from his wound. Mechmed Bey, the chief of the 
 Godiflans, often joked with him at table, on his 
 being ft ill inclined to marry ; and Suworow one 
 day afking him whether he was ferious, Murfa Bey 
 replied with much iimplicity, " Mechmed Bey is 
 right and immediately requefted the general to 
 make him a prefent of a beautiful Tartar girl of 
 fixteen years of age, whom he wilhed to marry. 
 Suworow bought a young Tartar Have of a CofTac 
 for one hundred rubies, and fent her to Mufla Bey, 
 who accordingly married her. He lived fome years 
 after this tranfa&ion, and died at the age of a hun- 
 dred and eight years ; having almoft reached the 
 age of Attila, king of the Huns. He retained the 
 ufes of his faculties till the laft, except that his eyes 
 could fcarcely bear the light. He was a man of a 
 ilrong complexion, almoft conftantly on horfeback ; 
 and, notwithstanding his great age, an excellent 
 companion. He was very much attached to clean- 
 linefs, but defpifed all luxury. He was faithful in 
 his friendfhips, and the friend of the poor, and his 
 greateft pleafure was to be their benefactor. He 
 was a great eater, and at meals drank pure fago 
 brandy. His fervants took him from table, and 
 carried him to bed like a prince. Suworow re- 
 garded him with great efteem and attachment. 
 
 The ci-devant Khan Schaim Gheray, who had 
 fled towards the left bank of the Cuban, returned 
 in the fpring of 1784, into the Crima, by Taman 
 snd Jenikala, and fet otf for Woronitfch, which 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 was the place of his deftination. He paffed fome 
 years in Ruflia, and afterwards returned. The 
 Turks received him at Chotzim in a manner fuited 
 to the dignity of a Khan. He then went to Con- 
 ftantinopie, but was not permitted to enter that city, 
 and was fent into banifhment at Rhodes, where he 
 was put to death in the moft perfidious manner. 
 According to the laws of Turkey, he could not be 
 condemned to death ; the Khans, and all the de- 
 fcendants of Gengis, being exprefsly excepted from 
 all capital punifliments ; but it was alledged, as a 
 pretext, that he was no longer Khan, fince he had 
 voluntarily^ abandoned that dignity. 
 
 In the fummer of the fame year, 1784, Suworow 
 left the Nogays, and fet off for Mofcow. He had 
 gained their fiiendfhip, and they had great reli- 
 ance on his promifes. But unfortunately this con- 
 fidence could not be mutual ; for no dependence 
 can be placed on thofe nations, who are all equally 
 inconftant with the reft of the Nomads, and know 
 no law but their own will. Their conduct is de- 
 termined by books of predictions, or dreams ; 
 which, with them, are fufficient motives for vio- 
 lating the moft folemn engagements. 
 
 Suworow went firft to the divifion of Valadimir ; 
 and, in 1785, to that of Saint Petersburg. On 
 his arrival at the capital, he was received with the 
 greateft diftinctton, and loaded with favours by the 
 emprefs. 
 
SUWOROW'3 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 Jn the beginning of the month of Sep- 
 tember, 1786, General Suworow, a fnort time 
 after his promotion to the rank of commander-in- 
 chief, quitted Peterfburg for Krementfchuck.— 
 Prince Potemkin was at that time there on a vifit 
 to his new government of Catherinoflaw and Tau- 
 rida, which, a fhort time before, had been called 
 the Crimea. In every place where the prince paffed 
 lome time, every one was eager to pay him ho- 
 mage, and brilliant entertainments were prepared 
 for his amufement. He was received with univer- 
 sal joy as the harbinger of her imperial majefty, 
 whofe vifit to thefe provinces was impatiently ex- 
 pected by the people ; and, for whofe arrival, he 
 had made the neceffary preparations. 
 
 Accordingly, in the month of February, 1787, 
 the emprefs arrived at Kiowie, attended by a nu- 
 
 irous and magnificent court, and accompanied 
 by feveral minifters of foreign powers in alliance 
 wich her. Prince Potemkin and General Suwo- 
 row fet oK at the fame time ; and Field -Mar fha I 
 Romanzow was already at Kiowie, in the character 
 of governor-general. Many travellers of diftinc- 
 tion reforted thither on this extraordinary occafion ; 
 and, as the imperial court remained there during 
 feveral weeks, this town became the temporary re- 
 fidence of all the nobility of the province. 
 
 The King of Poland came no farther than Ka- 
 nief, on the Dnieper, as, according to the confli- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 '5J 
 
 rational laws of his country, he could not pafs its 
 frontiers. He there received every mark of refpeft 
 from the attendants on the Ruffian court, and par- 
 ticularly diftinguifhed General Suworow, whom 
 he had known during the war of the confederation. 
 A few days after his arrival, he paid a vifit to the 
 emprefs on board a veffel on the Dnieper. 
 
 During the refidence of the court at Kiowie, 
 Suworow received the command of a corps on the 
 Bog, to which he had not hitherto been attached. 
 This arrangement was made by the fpecial order of 
 the emprefs, as her majefty was deiirous that he 
 mould always be on duty near her. 
 
 Immediately after the fefiival of Eafter, the em- 
 prefs continued her journey to Taurida. The 
 Emperor, Jofeph the Second, accompanied her, 
 under the title of Count Falenftein, and as he al- 
 ways wore a white uniform, many perfons, and 
 Suworow among the reft, took him at firft for a 
 Ruffian officer. This monarch, who was w r ell 
 acquainted with the extraordinary talents and cha- 
 racter of Suworow, frequently converfed with him, 
 upon political and military affairs, during his refU 
 dence at Cherfon. 
 
 When the emprefs actually fet out for Taurida, 
 Suworow took the command of a body of cavalry 
 at Blankifna, about ten miles from Cherfon, on the 
 road to Pultawa ; and when her imperial majefty 
 returned from thence, he appeared at the head of 
 his corps, to do' her ail military honour. He then 
 efcorted her to Pultawa, where fhe gracioufly dif« 
 miffed him, with the prefent of a box enriched with 
 her cypher in diamonds. 
 
 vol. h U 
 
*54 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 Prince Potemkln afterwards returned to his go- 
 vernment with the title of Tauritfcheflki, governor 
 of Taurida ; and, having made the necerTary ar- 
 rangements there, he fet out to vifit his eftate at 
 Smeale, which he had juft purchafed of Prince 
 Lubomidki, on the frontiers of Poland. General 
 Suworow accompanied him thither, and left hiin 
 in the month of Auguft, to take the command of 
 the corps of Cherfon and Kinburn. 
 
 During this journey of the emprefs, Bulgakow, 
 the Ruffian minifler at Conftantinople, came from 
 that place, in order to pay his court to his imperial 
 miftrefs. This mark of refpett, which could not be 
 well avoided, and feemed to be nothing more than 
 what the etiquette of his fituation required, gave 
 umbrage to the Porte ; whofe uneafinefs foon be- 
 came very apparent. Within a few days after his 
 arrival, Bulgakow received information that his 
 prefence was abfolutely necelTary at Conftantinople : 
 he, accordingly, returned there, with all poffible 
 fpeed, and found the predominant party in the Di- 
 van difpofed to war. 
 
 For feveral years an Ottoman fleet had regularly 
 been feen to cruize for a fhort time before Ocza- 
 kow ; but it was far more conflderable than it had 
 hitherto been in the fummer of 1787. It confifted 
 of twelve mips of the line, feven frigates, eight 
 chebecs, five kirlangithfches, and twenty-five gun- 
 boats. 
 
 The Ruffian fleet at Cherfon was very inferior in 
 number and equipment to that of the Turks : it 
 was moored on the wertem bank of the Liman, at 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 155 
 
 five miles from Cherfon, on the fide of Oczakow. 
 Two fliips had indeed been lately launched at Cher- 
 fon, in the prefence of the emperor, which were 
 called the Jofeph and Wolodimir ; but both the 
 one and the other were without equipage. 
 
 Suworow, with his ufual attention, examined the 
 country that furrounded Cherfon, and made the 
 neceffary diftribution of troops, in cafe the Turks 
 fhould attempt an attack by land ; or effect a de- 
 fcent from their fliips. He fortified with great care, 
 the bank of the Dnieper and the Bog, to guard 
 the fords of thofe rivers ; and paid particular at- 
 tention to the peninfula of Kinburn. He had under 
 his command in that quarter twelve fquadrons of 
 light horfe, ten fquadrons of dragoons, four regi- 
 ments of Coffacs, and four battalions of fufileers, 
 who formed a camp in the vicinity of Kinbuin. 
 
 This town is but ill defended by its walls, which 
 are furrounded by a glacis. The ditch is but mallow 
 and it is importable to encreafe its depth ; as the 
 ground is fandy, and water is found very near the 
 furface. On one fide of the glacis is the mouth of 
 the Dnieper, and, on the other fide, the Black Sea. 
 There was in the bay of Kinburn no force but a 
 fmgle frigate and a chaloupe of twelve guns. 
 
 There was a regular correfpondence between 
 Kinburn and Oczakow, as they were only feparated 
 by a fhort palfage of two miles acrofs the mouth of 
 the Dnieper. Colonel Dunzelmann, who com- 
 manded at Kinburn, had occafion to fend an officer 
 to the Bacha of Oczakow. When the official con- 
 vention was concluded, the Bacha ordered his 
 
SU WO ROW'S 
 
 people to retire, and enquired of the officer con- 
 cerning the news of the day; who having replied, 
 that he had none to communicate, the honeft open- 
 hearted Bacha informed him that the turbulent 
 heads at Conftantinople had declared war againd 
 Ruffia, and that the iurkifh fleet would foon be 
 in motion, to attack the two vefTels in the bay of 
 Kinburn. To complete his liberal procedure, the 
 Bacha ordered a Tfchautfch (a kind of patrole) to 
 attend the officer as an efcort ; and the event prov- 
 ed the neceffity of the precaution ; ashe was attacked 
 on his return by two Turks, whom the guard re- 
 pulfed and conducted him fafe to Kinburn. 
 
 In the afternoon of the following day, Auguft: 
 19, 1787, the intelligence of the Bacha was reali- 
 zed, for the frigate and gun-boat were fiercely at- 
 tacked by feveral Turkifh velfels. The engage- 
 ment lafted fome time ; and the gun-boat not ma- 
 king fufficient way in following the frigate, was in 
 danger of being cut off; but the officer who com- 
 manded her, having fired a broad-fide with fuch 
 effect at the velTel that was firft in purfuit, as to 
 fink it ; the reft did not venture to rifk a fimilar 
 fate. Another of the Turkifh vefTels alfo founder- 
 ed ; fo that the Ruffian frigate and chaloupe, 
 though they had greatly fuftered, at length efcaped, 
 and retreated to Gluboka, where they were re- 
 paired. 
 
 Thus did hoftilitxes break out on the part of the 
 Turks, without a preliminary declaration of war. 
 From that moment the Ruffians kept themfelves 
 upon their guard ; and employed every necefTary 
 precaution. Suworow accordingly took the com- 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 »57 
 
 mand of Kinbum upon himfelf, and ceded that of 
 Cherfon to General Bilikow. The whole of the 
 troops under his command amounted to about 
 thirty thoufand men. 
 
 As the Turks had a very fuperior force at fea, 
 and were in a condition to give an irreparable blow 
 to the naval force of Ruflia in the Black Sea, the 
 firfl care of Suworow was to fecure the bay of 
 Gluboka, and the marine of Cherfon. He accor- 
 dingly ordered a battery to be erected before Glu- 
 boka, of twenty pieces of cannon, eighteen and 
 twenty-four pounders, to command both the en- 
 trances ; and five leffer batteries on the ifland below 
 Cherfon, in order to produce a crofs fire. 
 
 The Turks took a vefTel laden with provifions, 
 and at the mouth of the Bog they furprized, in a 
 public houfe, about twenty CofTacs and Ukraine 
 peafants, who were either cut in pieces or made 
 prifoners. 
 
 They now commenced the bombardment of 
 Kinburn, which continued feveral days without 
 interruption. Three of their bombs fell in the 
 barrack of the commandant, and the tent of Gene- 
 ral Suworow was carried away by the explofion of 
 a fhell. 
 
 The place, however, made a very vigorous de- 
 fence. Two of the enemy's frigates, which had 
 ventured to approach too near, fullered very fe- 
 verely for their temerity ; and mips of the line af- 
 terwards kept at a greater riifbnce. One of them 
 was blown up by the negligence cf fom.e of its 
 crew. 
 
SUWOROW's 
 
 At the clofe of this month Admiral Woinowitfch 
 fet fail from Sewaftopol for the coaft of Varna. 
 His fleet confided of two vefTels of the line, three 
 frigates, and twelve fmall vefiels ; but was fo un- 
 fortunate as to encounter a violent ftorm, which 
 difperfed his mips. A line-of-battle fhip, of fixty- 
 fix guns, which had fufTered very much in its mails 
 and rigging, was taken by the Turks j and a frigate 
 v/ent to the bottom with its whole equipage. The 
 admiral had fcarce collected his Scattered fleet, 
 when he was attacked by the Turks, and an en- 
 gagement followed : but the Ruflians, notwith- 
 standing their lofles, and the bad condition of their 
 lhips, obtained the advantage of the enemy, and 
 happily reached their deftination. 
 
 The gun-boats of the Ruflians, and their double 
 chaloupes, prefented themfelves at fome diftance 
 from Gluboka, to tempt the Turks towards them, 
 that they might feize the favourable moment of 
 attacking them. The ftratagem fucceeded ; the 
 Turks commenced their manoceuvres with their 
 chaloupes and other vefiels ; but, after an engage- 
 ment, which was attended with no fignal confe- 
 quences on either fide, they were driven back into 
 Oczakow. 
 
 On the thirtieth of September, the fire of the 
 Turks, upon Kinburn, was better fuftained than it 
 had hitherto been, and continued, without inter- 
 ruption, to a very late hour of the night. Suwo- 
 row, from his observations on the enemy's move- 
 ments, conjectured that they actually meditated 
 a defcent upon the ifland. He accordingly prepa- 
 red himfelf for the event, and forbade a Angle 
 gun to be fired, on the fide of the Ruflians. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 On the morrow, at break of day, the Turks 
 recommenced their bombardment ; but the town 
 made no return, nor was the morning gun fired. 
 A great number of balls and bombs fell in the. 
 camp, and feveral tents were carried away. As 
 that day was a feftival of the Greek church, Su- 
 worow attended mafs, with a confiderable number 
 of his officers. 
 
 In the mean time thirty chaloupes, full of troops, 
 afcended the Liman, to about three miles above 
 Kinburn ; but they were no fooner difembarked, 
 than they were difcovered by fome CofTacs, who 
 were pofted upon a hill of fand. They fir ft ima- 
 gined the Turks to be deferters ; but when they 
 found their miftake, an engagement enfued, and 
 the invaders were driven back to their vefTels. 
 The Turks had fuppofed, that Suworow would 
 difpatch a detachment againft thefe people, who 
 were devoted to deftru&ion, and proportionably 
 weaken his garrifon. But he was not the dupe of 
 fuch a ftratagem. 
 
 At nine in the morning, the Turks began to dif- 
 embark their troops. The engineer Lafitte directed 
 the operation ; which the Ruffians beheld without 
 offering the leaft interruption. All their veflels, 
 great and fmall, approached at different diftances ; 
 and, to cover them, they had formed a flrong 
 ftoccado, at the point of the peninfula, and at half 
 a mile from the place. 
 
 The troops which were employed on the defcent 
 were the flower of the garrifon of Oczakow, a- 
 mounting to fix thoufand men, and were entirely 
 
100 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 infantry. The Bacha, who commanded, had, in 
 order to invigorate their courage, ordered ail the 
 tranfport-vefTels to return, that they might have no 
 other alternative, but to do their duty, as became 
 them, or to find deftruclion in the fea, if they fled 
 from the land. The detachment which the Ruffians 
 had to oppofe them, was fomewhat lefs than a thou- 
 fand infantry, which was afterwards reinforced by 
 four regiments of ColTacs, and about a thoufand 
 cavalry. 
 
 The Turks were no fooner difembarked, than 
 they began to form entrenchments ; but the water 
 gained upon them fo faft, from a caufe which has 
 been already explained, that they could not give 
 fufficient depth to their works. They, however, 
 fupplied this defect, by filling the facks, with which 
 they had the precaution to provide themfelves, with 
 fand, and they ferved as a rampart. 
 
 At noon, their dervifes offered up the accuftcmed 
 prayers, and the troops made their pious ablutions 
 in the Black Sea. They then returned to their 
 entrenchments, and proceeded in completing their 
 works. 
 
 Suworow had given orders, that not a fingle 
 (hot mould be difcharged, or any fortie made, till 
 the enemy were within two hundred yards of the 
 glacis. The fignai ordered for thefe operations, 
 was a falute of artillery, from all the polygons 
 which were on that fide of the place. 
 
 At one, the TurkHh advanced guard appeared 
 at the diftance named in the general's order ; when 
 
CAMP AIGNS« 
 
 the fignal was inftantly given, and as quickly obey- 
 ed. Colonel Ifeiow with his regiment, a regiment 
 of Coflacs, and two fquadrons of light horfe, 
 turned the place to the left of the Black Sea, and 
 fell upon the advanced guard, who were bringing 
 up the fcaling- ladders. They confided of fome 
 hundred men, and were cut in pieces, or put to 
 the fword. The Bacha, who refufed to furrender, 
 fhared the fame fate. He was well acquainted with 
 the town of Kinburn, and had fixed on this fide of 
 ir, from knowing it to be the leafl capable of refift- 
 ance. 
 
 In the mean time, Orlow's regiment of infantry, 
 Tallied forth from the place, with the cavalry ; 
 paffed through the right wing of the enemy ; threw 
 themfelves into the intrenchments, and with the 
 bayonet, difpatched ail who oppofed them. 
 
 The Turkifh mips cannonaded, with more than 
 fix hundred pieces of artillery, the front and flanks 
 of the troops, which had come forth from the 
 town, but without any very dettru&ive effect. 
 
 At this time, the Colonels of the Orlow and II- 
 loweifki regiments arrived with them, and followed 
 the cavalry towards the Black Sea. They fought 
 with infinite fpirit, as well as perfeverence, and 
 acquired great honour. Suworow now ordered 
 the two battalions of Kafelow to advance, which 
 compofed the referve. Major-General Reck, who 
 commanded them, was dangeroufly wounded in the 
 leg, and carried off the field. But neither thefe 
 battalions, nor two fquadrons of light-horfe, who 
 fupported them, could refift the force and fiercenefs 
 
 VOL, I. X 
 
SUWORÖW'S 
 
 of the enemy : they faced about and fled, and the 
 Turks, with their fabres and their poniards, made 
 fad havock among them. 
 
 Suworow had a very narrow efcape ; having had 
 his horfe Ihot under him by a cannon-ball ; he ad- 
 drefled himfelf to a Turk, for an horfe which he 
 had juft taken, and whom he miftook for a Coflac, 
 as the Turks had only difembarked infantry. But 
 he now found his miftake, and the fabre was up- 
 lifted, which would have deftroyed him, if its de- 
 fcending ftroke had not been arrefted by the thruft 
 of a bayonet, from a fufileer of Nouikow. 
 
 The fituation of the Ruffians became very criti- 
 cal. They were overpowered by numbers, and 
 compelled to retire to the Glacis. From time to 
 time they appeared to recover themfelves, and to 
 gain ground ; but the Turks having received a 
 large reinforcement, their efforts failed ; the car- 
 nage became general ; the dead, the dying, and the 
 wounded, were feen on all fides ; and the hoftile 
 troops were fo confounded, that, on both fides, 
 the artillery were commanded to difcontinue its 
 operations. 
 
 While the bloody career of flaughter was pro- 
 ceeding, a Turkifh chebec and gun-boat, which 
 approached within reach of the cannon of the place, 
 blew up, with a moft horrid explofion. 
 
 The day was now faft declining, when ten fqua- 
 drons of light horfe arrived from their poft, at the 
 di (lance of four miles behind Kinburn : but, from 
 the nature of the ground, they were compelled t« 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 charge the Turks in a mafs. At this time, the in- 
 fantry began to recover itfelf ; and the Coflacs 
 coming, from the fea-fide, upon their flanks, the 
 Turks began, in their turn, to give way to this 
 united force. They oppofed a defence full of vi- 
 gour, which was rouzed almoft to madnefs by their 
 enraged Dervifes, who mingled in the battle, and 
 excited the Mahometans to combat. Thefe men 
 became the martyrs of their zeal, and the death 
 they inflamed others to feek, they themfelves found. 
 
 The night now came on, and there was no moon. 
 At this time there arrived a fmali battalion of Mu- 
 runi of three hundred men, who came from the 
 fide of Cherfon, worn out with fatigue ; and two 
 companies of referve, employed to guard the bag- 
 gage behind Kinburn. This reinforcement, how- 
 ever, decided the battle. 
 
 The Turks, finding themfelves driven back to- 
 wards the fea, turned upon their purfuers in def- 
 pair. Their laft fire continued for about half an 
 hour, when they were totally defeated, being cut 
 to pieces, or driven into the fea. Some of the 
 fugitives, however, who, when they faw that their 
 run-a-way comrades were loft in the waves, at- 
 tempted, but in vain, to return to the charge. 
 Others flattered themfelves that they fhould efcaps 
 by fwimming to Oczakow, but they likewife pe- 
 rifhed. 
 
 About ten at night, this bloody action, which 
 had lafted nine hours, was terminated. Twice the 
 Ruflians were overpowered by numbers ; never- 
 thelefs, the far greater part of the Turkifh army 
 
SUWOROW** 
 
 was left on the field, or periflied in the fea. A 
 very fmall number of them efcaped. 
 
 As night was approaching, Suworow received a 
 mufket (hot in the left arm. The wound difchar- 
 ged a great quantity of blood, and there was no 
 furgeon about him to drefs it. He went, therefore, 
 to the fea fide ; and an officer of Coffacs, of Ku- 
 tenikow, who, followed with fome men, warned 
 his wound with fea water, and bound it up with 
 his cravat. With this dreffing he re-mounted his 
 horfe, and returned to the field of battle. The 
 Coffac officer was himfelf wounded, as were aH 
 thofe who were about Suworow's perfon during 
 the engagement. Tifchenko, a light- horfe man, 
 was his orderly attendant for the day, and was the 
 only perfon, lb fituated, who efcaped free from 
 hurt. He was made ferjeant-major, as a iecom- 
 penfe for the fervices of the day. 
 
 When all was over, and the troops were order- 
 ed to re-enter the place, the cannonade fuddenly 
 re-commenced, but it lafted a very fhort time. A 
 body of the Turks, who were not in the a&ion, 
 conceiving that the place was entirely without a 
 garrifon, hoped to take it by an attack from be- 
 hind, but they weie foon repulfed. 
 
 Suworow found himfelf extremely weak on his 
 return to Kinburn. His wound was drefled by a 
 furgeon, who wilhed him to take refrelhments ; 
 but he was too much fatigued, and he grew rather 
 worfe after the operation. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 This battle coft the Ruffians two hundred killed, 
 among whom were many fuperior officers, and 
 three hundred wounded. 
 
 Of the army of fix thoufand men, which the 
 Turks had difembarked, not more than feven hun- 
 dred efcaped. The reft were either flain or drown- 
 ed. Among the dead there was a French engineer: 
 As to Lafitte, who directed the defcent, he difap- 
 peared before it was night. 
 
 Major- General Iflinief, who was at the diftance 
 of eight miles behind Kinburn, found it impoffible 
 to reach it, with his referve of ten fquadrons of 
 dragoons, till the action was over. 
 
 Whether the Turks had exhaufted all their am- 
 munition, or were difcouraged by the bad fuccefs 
 of their enterprize, is not a queltion that demands 
 a moment's confideration ; but they difcontinued 
 firing upon the place, and to the time of their de- 
 parture for the Dardanelles, their artillery was 
 filent ; and the tour of the peninfula might be made 
 at any time without the leaft danger. 
 
 On the morrow, at break of day, Suworow, 
 who was perfectly recovered, obferved from the 
 ramparts, that a body of Turks were employed at 
 the point of the ifland in removing their dead and 
 wounded. He therefore detached Ifeiow with his 
 CofTacs to drive them away ; and, in a fliort time 
 after, he faw a fmall Turkifh tranfport founder, 
 from being overcharged with people. 
 
SUWÖROW's 
 
 The whole of this day was paffed in burying the 
 dead, and attending to the wounded. On the 
 morrow, divine fervice was celebrated, and public 
 thanks returned to God for this fignai victory. — 
 At an early hour of the morning, the troops were 
 ordered under arms ; and were drawn up, in dif- 
 ferent detachments, from the point of the penin- 
 fula to a confiderable diftance from the town. 
 They accompanied the Te Deum with three dif- 
 charges of muiketry and heavy artillery. The 
 greater part of the wounded foldiers infilled on 
 being admitted into the ranks on this occafion : 
 and Suworow enjoyed this glorious fpectacle from 
 the ramparts of the town. As the front of the line 
 prefented itfelf towards Oczakow, great numbers 
 of Turks were feen running to the more, on hear- 
 ing the thunder of the cannonade, which celebrated 
 their defeat. 
 
 The defign of the Turks, from the commence- 
 ment of hoftilities, was to make themfelves matters 
 of Kinburn. It was but a weak place, and the 
 pofTeflion of its peninfula would have given them a 
 very great advantage in any future attempts they 
 might meditate, for the retaking of Cherfon and 
 the Crimea. They alfo entertained the hope, that, 
 by taking it, they mould have had the power to 
 difperfe, if not to burn the fleet of Gluboka and the 
 marine of Cherfon. 
 
 The Rufiian fleet at Gluboka confifted of two 
 new mips, not put in commiflion, called the Jofeph 
 and the Wold emir, two other vefTels of fifty-four 
 guns, one of forty guns, three gailies, three gun- 
 boats, and twenty final! veffejs, including the trans- 
 ports. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 TheTurkifh fleet before Oczakow, confided of 
 three fhips of the line, one frigate, eight chebecs, 
 and thirty-two gallies and gun-boats. 
 
 But the ill-fuccefs of this enterprife, in which the 
 Turks engaged with fuch fanguine expectations of 
 fuccefs, put an end to all their hopes. As foon as 
 the news of their defeat reached Conflantinople, 
 the confirmation was general, nor was it leflened 
 by the reflection, that the war had been commenced 
 in an unufual way, and contrary to the practice of 
 civilized nations, without a previous declaration of 
 war. The Porte flattered itfejf that the Ruiuans 
 would not have had time to prepare for the defence 
 of Kinburn; and that it would not be poflible for 
 that place to hold out a day, againfi the flower of 
 the garrifon of Oczakow. 
 
 The emprefs gave a vety difllnguiflied mark of 
 her fatisfaction to Suworow, in addrefling to him 
 the following letter, written with her own hand. 
 
 Petersburg, October 17, 17 87. 
 
 Alexander Bqfdowctfch. 
 
 " This day Te Deum has been fung in our pre- 
 " fence, on a public thankfgiving for the firlt vic- 
 " tory which has been granted to our arms, fince 
 " the opening of this campaign, on the firft of this 
 " month. An account of thofe acts of zeal, inde- 
 " fatigable activity, and exemplary bravery, by 
 " which you have fignalized yourfelf, as well as 
 <J the troops, under your command, in the defence 
 " of Kinburn, was then publicly read. 
 m 
 
su wo row's 
 
 " The reports of our Field-Marfhal Prince Po. 
 <c temkin Tauritfcheftki are filled with honourable 
 * 6 teftimonies on this fubjeft. We experience a 
 " fincere pleafure in making known our acknow- 
 " ledgmenrs to you, as well as to the officers and 
 " military of every degree, who have co-operated 
 " with you in this glorious action. 
 
 " We feel for your wounds ; and we pray God 
 7 that he will be pleafed fpeedily to heal thofe 
 c< which you have received, in defending the reli- 
 cc gion and frontiers of the empire, and to haften 
 <c the cure of all thofe who are fick. We are, with 
 u peculiar good-will, your affectionate, 
 
 " CATHERINE." 
 
 In the courfeof a few weeks, Suworow received 
 a fecond letter, with the order of Saint Andrew, 
 which is the firft of the empire ; and fix croffes of 
 Saint George, to be diflributed according to his 
 judgment, to the moft diftinguifhed among the 
 officers. Befides this, many of the officers were 
 advanced ; and two hundred foldiers received the 
 filver medal, with fome additional gratification. 
 
 The garrifon of Oczakow was compofed of twelve 
 thoufand men, janhTaries and other infantry ; but 
 it was very weak in cavalry. It now found itfelf 
 reduced to one half of its original ftrength ; by the 
 lofs of fix thoufand of its fined troops, who fell 
 before Kinburn : while many of its inhabitants a- 
 bandoned it, from the apprehenfion, that the Ruf- 
 fians would find the means of making themfelves 
 mafters of it. The feafon, however, was now too 
 much advanced to admit of fuch an enterprizc 
 
CAMPAIGNS» 
 
 On the twentieth of October, the whole of the 
 Turkifh fleet returned to Conftantinople. But a 
 fhort time before its departure, a very ftrong guft 
 of wind had broken the cables of a Ruffian cha- 
 loupe, which, being thus feparated from the reft of 
 the fleet, was taken by the Turks. 
 
 In a few days after the battle, Suworow erected 
 redoubts of communication, which he furnifhed 
 with fufficient garrifons, and then difmiflfed the reft 
 of the troops to winter quarters. As he was con- 
 fcious of the weak ftate of Kinburn ; he made fuch 
 difpofitions as to fecure it from furprize on the fide 
 of Oczakow \ and he gave orders that, as foon as 
 the Liman mould be frozen, the ice mould be con- 
 tinually broken. The general himfelf remained at 
 Kinburn. 
 
 VOL. X. 
 
 t 
 
SUWOROW's 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Jn confequence of the new diftribution of 
 the army, Suworow's divifion, which Prince Po- 
 temkin had confiderably augmented fince the pre- 
 ceding year, was very much ftrengthened in the 
 fpring of 1788, by a considerable fleet, and a great 
 number of row-boats, in the Black Sea. The firfr, 
 which was commanded by Paul Jones, confided of 
 five veffels of the line, from fixty-fix to eighty 
 guns, and eight frigates. The fecond, commanded 
 by the prince of Nafiau-Siegen, was compofed of 
 fixty-five light veffels, gallies, floating-batteries, 
 chaloupes, gun-boats, and eighty Turkifh boats 
 mounted with one gun, the whole manned by three 
 thoufand Coffacs. The fecond fleet carried four 
 hundred pieces of cannon. 
 
 The Turkifh fleet, which was commanded by the 
 famous Haflan Bacha, high admiral appeared before 
 Oczakow at the end of May. It confifted of ten 
 velfels of the line, fix frigates, four bomb-ketches, 
 fix chebecs, fifteen gun boats, nineteen kirklan- 
 gitfchs, and nine feluccas. He had left another 
 fleet about fix miles from land, confifting of eight 
 fhips of the line, eight frigates, twenty-one chebecs, 
 and three bomb-ketches. 
 
 While the Turkifh fquadron was approaching 
 the fliore, Captain Sacken was behind Kinburn 
 with a double chaloupe. He had been ordered to 
 repair to Gluboka ; but had deferred it by an ex- 
 cefs of zeal : when therefore he faw the Turkifh 
 
campaigns; 
 
 flotilla in the waters of the Liman, he leaped into 
 his veflel, with a determination to pafs through 
 them ; but as fhe was a heavy failer, he wes envel- 
 loped by fix or eight light veffels of the enemy, two 
 of which attempted to board him. In this fituation, 
 he ordered all his people to efcape from the veflel 
 as well as they could remaining there alone with the 
 greateft intrepidity ; and that the chaloupe might 
 not fall into the hands of the Turks, he himfelf fet 
 fire to the powder, and was blown up in the fight 
 of a crowd of people who were afiembled on the 
 fhore at Kinburn. The two Turkifh boats, which 
 were near him, received confiderable damage from 
 the expiofion. 
 
 The fmall flotilla of the Turks afcended the Li- 
 man, for the purpofe of reconnoitring. About 
 five miles above Kinburn, there were Coflacs of 
 Tfchornomor in their canoes, and two battalions of 
 fufileers on the bank. The Turks, though at a 
 confiderable diftance from land, fired upon the 
 troops, and reached the camp with their heavy can- 
 non. The Coflacs of Tfchornomor, who were 
 nearer to them, returned their fire. This cannon- 
 ade continued during feveral hours ; and the velfels 
 retired without having brought on a regular en- 
 gagement. Similar attempts were afterwards oc- 
 casionally renewed by them. 
 
 The whole of the Ruflia fleet was before Glubo- 
 ka : the fleet of row-boats, the advanced guard ; 
 and the failing fleet was in order of battle, with a 
 very ftrong rear-guard. The fleet at Ocaakow 
 was at about the diftance of feven miles. 
 
 \ 
 
172 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 The Prince of NafTau detached his advanced 
 guard. It met that of the Turks, and an engage- 
 ment enfued. It was the defign of the Ruffians to 
 get, if poffible, the Turks behind them , and, in 
 order to effect it, their veffels retreated one after 
 the other. Deceived by this manoeuvre, the whole 
 Turkifh fleet immediately purfued them, under 
 the very guns of the principal fleet, which did it 
 confiderable injury. It then retired in a very da- 
 maged Mate, and prefled very clofe by the Prince 
 of Naffau, who purfued it in his turn under the 
 cannon of the Turkifh fleet. 
 
 They loft five veffels, which were funk, with 
 the greateft part of the crews ; and their lofs would 
 have been very confiderable, if the Ruffians had 
 riot been oppofed by an unfavourable wind. The 
 latter alfo loft a frigate, but the people on board, 
 and the cannon, were preferved. 
 
 Such was the commencement of the naval war- 
 fare between the two extending powers on the 
 Black Sea. Similar engagements were continued 
 for feveral fucccedmg days ; but without any deci- 
 five effect or fuperiority on either fide. 
 
 Suworow now ordered a battery to be erected 
 on the point of the peninfula, in order to command 
 the two currents. It was foon completed ; but as 
 the nature of the ground would not admit of dig- 
 ging deep, a fmall parapet was formed with heaps 
 of fand. It was furnifhed with twenty-four pieces 
 of artillery, carrying from eighteen to twenty four 
 pounders, which were to be maiked by fand- bank?, 
 till they were wanted for fervice. 
 
CAMPAIGN*. 
 
 I73 
 
 A furnace was alfo conftru&ed, to heat balls ; 
 and as this battery was placed at the diftance of 
 half a mile from the place, it required a propor- 
 tionable force to defend it : the two battalions of 
 Orlow were therefore detached for its defence, and 
 diftributed in the interval. 
 
 The objecl of this difpofition was to relieve the 
 troops, as it allowed one half of them to repofe, 
 while the other was on duty. Neverthelefs, their 
 fervice was attended with very unpleafant, and 
 even dangerous circumftances : as they remained 
 night and day on the very fpot, where tne numer- 
 ous dead had been interred the preceding year, 
 after the affair of the firft of Oclober. The fea 
 water, which occafionally filterated through the 
 fand, had, in fome degree, checked the courfe of 
 corruption in the bodies, fo that at this diftance of 
 time, there exhaled, particularly at fun-rife, a 
 fceted and peftilential vapour, that brought on an 
 epidemical dileale, of which feveral of the foldiers 
 died. There appeared to be no other way of ef- 
 caping the danger, but by bathing in the fea, and 
 ufmg exercife. 
 
 Suworow, who had not confidered this danger- 
 ous circumftance with proper attention to himfelf, 
 and had always continued with his troops, was one 
 day on the very moment of fainting from the infect- 
 ed effluvia ; but by inftantly bathing in the fea, 
 the threatening fymptoms were removed. 
 
 In the night of the twenty -feventh of June, the 
 High Admiral, Haffan Bacha* undertook a vay 
 rafh and daring enterprize. 
 
"74 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 Between Oczakow and Gluboka, there is a large 
 range of land banks, which form fhoals, that a 
 fhip of a moderate fize cannot pafs over without 
 touching. Neverthelefs, he ventured with his 
 large mips, after having pafTed the currents, under 
 the direction of fkilful pilots, to form his fleet in 
 two lines, in the very face of the Ruffian Ihips ; 
 his principal vefTels forming the firil line ; and his 
 row -boats compofing the fecond. 
 
 The Turks looked with contempt on the feeble 
 fquadron of the Ruffians, and fired during the 
 night, as if they had been confident of victory. 
 As foon as it was day, they came down in full fail 
 upon them, and the engagement began. 
 
 The Ruffian fleet was formed with their row- 
 boats in front, and their fhips in the rear. And 
 the diftant firing of the heavy artillery had not 
 been continued during an hour, when one of the 
 fined Turkifh fhips, of feventy guns, went a-ground, 
 without a poffibility of being faved. In a fhorfc 
 time after, the Admiral's fhip, of eighty guns, 
 ihared the fame fate : two frigates of forty guns, 
 with feveral light veflels, haftened towards them, 
 to haul them off; but the firfl frigate touched the 
 ground herfelf, and the others were therefore pre- 
 vented from making a nearer approach. 
 
 The Prince of NaiTau ordered a large part of his 
 rowing vefTels to attack the fhips a-ground ; for, as 
 they drew but little water, they could come near 
 enough to board them 5 his flotilla, however, was 
 received with a brifk difcharge of grenades and 
 mufketry, and loft many of its people. Neverthe* 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 l 7S 
 
 lefs, the Ruffians perfevered in their defign with 
 great courage, and, at length, fucceeded in getting 
 their veffels on each fide the admiral's fhip, when 
 the Coffacs of Tfchornomor leaped on board it. 
 The red hot balls having fet the grounded mips on 
 fire, they were left to their fate. 
 
 In this fituation every poffible exertion was made 
 to fave the people, while many of them leaped into 
 the water, and were taken prifoners by the tha- 
 loupes. The captains of the three veffels were of 
 that number. There was a considerable quantity 
 of money on board the Turks, and the Ruffians 
 did not fail to bring away as large a booty as the 
 time would permit. Several fmailer veffels went 
 upon the land-banks, and others were towed off. 
 After a combat of four hours, the victory was de- 
 cifive. 
 
 Haffan Bacha remained, during the whole of 
 the action, on board his barge, and difplayed the 
 greateft intrepidity. Some of the Ruffian row- 
 boats cannonaded him, but without effect. The 
 Prince of Naffau was alfo feen, fearlefs of danger, 
 wherever his prefence was neceffary. He was 
 accompanied by the Count Damas, a colonel in 
 the French fervice. 
 
 Independent of the lofs of veffels, taken and 
 burned, the fleet of Haffan Bacha received great 
 injury at the moment of its retreat ; which he ef- 
 fected by covering the flotilla with the fhips of the 
 line. He returned to its nrft poiition ; and the 
 Rufliaas anchored about a mile from him. 
 
SUWOROW's 
 
 On his return to his flation, the Turkifh High 
 Admiral expreffed the utmoft affliction at his dif- 
 after ; refufed his food, and preferved a melan- 
 choly filence. This misfortune, indeed, threaten- 
 ed his life, and he might be alarmed, leaft he 
 fhould foon be called to bend his neck to the fabre. 
 
 The lofs of this battle cofl the Turks upwards 
 of two thoufand men, who were killed, and fifteen 
 hundred, who were made prifoners : the latter 
 were removed to Kinburn. One of the three 
 Turkifh captains, having had a leg carried away in 
 the adion, died in the arms of his two fons, who 
 had been made prifoners with him. 
 
 On the fide of the Ruffians, the lofs was not very 
 considerable. Two hundred were killed, among 
 whom were eighteen fuperior officers, and fix hun- 
 dred wounded, including forty officers of equal 
 rank. Lieutenant-Colonel Ribas, brother of the 
 vice-admiral, loft an arm ; but the pain of fuch an 
 accident was not fufficient, in the heat of the action, 
 to prevent him from employing that which remain- 
 ed, in applying the match to a cannon. 
 
 After this defeat, Haffan Bacha endeavoured to 
 form a junction with the Turkifh fleet, which was 
 at fea ; and, on the 30th of June, about midnight, 
 he weighed anchor for that purpofe. 
 
 The night was dark, and when he was off the 
 point of Kinburn, which he was obliged to double, 
 the batteries fuddenly opened upon him, with a 
 terrible fire, and did considerable damage to his 
 advanced guard. The firing was fo violent, that 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 177 
 
 the Turks, who were ignorant of thefe mafqued 
 batteries, thought themfelves under the town of 
 Kinburn. When the moon rofe, the fire of the 
 batteries was continued with an encreafed effect. 
 
 Before day-break, feveral of the Turkifh veflels 
 were forced to lay by, and fome of them had made 
 fignals of diflrefs ; others were on fire, and feveral 
 had foundered. The crews endeavoured to fave 
 themfelves by fwimming ; but many of them were 
 drowned ; while others, in a ftate of defpair, load- 
 ed themfelves with cannon-ball, that they might 
 fink at once to the bottom. 
 
 At the beginning of the cannonade, Suworow 
 had difpatched an order to Prince Naffau,'to attack 
 the Turks with his fquadion. He was about a mile 
 from Oczakow, and had Paul Jones behind him* 
 This attack could not take place before day -break; 
 but a very fmart engagement then took place. The 
 Turkifh mips, inftead of forming a line, were in a 
 ftate of confufion, and much too near each other . 
 Paul Jones, alfo, was fearful of expofing his large 
 mips to the dangers of the fand-banks : and his 
 precaution was juftified by the fate of the Wolode- 
 mir, who, for want of it, had the misfortune to 
 run upon them. 
 
 The small Ruffian veffels, and particularly their 
 gun boats and gallies, ran under the large Turkifh 
 mips, whofe great guns could do them no mifchief, 
 when they were once grappled ; and contrived, bv 
 ladders, to get on board, and fet them cn fire. 
 
 TOL. I. 
 
 z 
 
i 7 S 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 Halfen Bacha, however, with his vanguard, had 
 fofar availed himfelfof the night, as to have efca- 
 ped : and it was not till the evening, that he was 
 informed of his additional misfortune. This ter- 
 rible combat lafted till near noon, when the mips, 
 which were on fire, blew up ; and at one, the ac- 
 tion had entirely ceafed. 
 
 The lofs of the Ruffian fleet, on this occafio.n a- 
 mounted to one hundred and thirty killed, inclu- 
 ding twenty-four officers ; and about eight hun- 
 dred wounded. The Turks had three thoufand 
 killed and wounded, and two thoufand were taken 
 prifoners. 
 
 The Ruffians, alfo, took a fhip of the line, and 
 two frigates ; fo that with thofe which were blown 
 up, went to the bottom, and rendered ufelefs : the 
 fleet of Oczakow was, in a great meafure, deftroy- 
 ed. 
 
 The emprefs did not fuffer her victorious failors 
 to remain without a recompenfe of their valour. 
 Marks of favour were diftributed to all ranks 
 throughout the fleet. The Prince NaflTau, among 
 other teftimonies of the Imperial favour, received 
 the flag of a vice-admiral. 
 
 Prince Potemkin had appointed the latter end of 
 June for aiTembling the army of Sockoli, about 
 forty miles from Oczakow, which he prepared to 
 befiege. Accordingly, in the beginning of Au- 
 guft, he paffedthe river with it, and began his ap- 
 proaches, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. I79 
 
 Suworow embarked at Kinburn, with his regi- 
 ment of grenadiers of Fanagor, and joined the ar- 
 my, where he took the command of the left wing. 
 He had, fome time before, received orders to make 
 himfelf matter of the ifland of Perefan, in the Black 
 Sea, with the fleet commanded by Ribas ; but that 
 expedition did not take place. 
 
 The fiege of Oczakow began, in due form, the 
 29th of Auguft. Among frequent fallies of lefs 
 importance, the Turks made one the 28th, with fe- 
 veral thoufand men, and attacked the extremity of 
 the Ruffian left wing, where the infantry of the In- 
 dependant Coflacs, and of the Coflacs of the Bog, 
 were ported. The Ruffians were clofely prefled, 
 and gave way, when Suworow haftened to their af- 
 fiftance, with a battalion of grenadiers, attacked the 
 Turks with bayonet fixed, and repulfed them. In 
 the heat of the action, however, they continued the 
 purfuit to the very intrenchments of the place, 
 where the Turks received a reinforcement of three 
 thoufand men. In fhort, by mutual reinforce- 
 ments, the action became general ; and it was with 
 great difficulty that the enemy prevented their en- 
 trenchments from being taken. 
 
 Suworow was expofed to a very brisk fire of 
 mufquetry, which was the more dangerous, as he 
 was the particular object of it. A young Turk 
 who had been converted to the Greek religion ; 
 and for fome time ferved a Ruffian officer, had de- 
 ferted the preceding evening, and now pointed out 
 Suworow for the Turks to aim at. The general 
 accordingly received a ball in the nape of the neck , 
 and the wound became fo very painful, that he 
 
i8c 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 thought proper to return to the camp ; having 
 fent a melTenger before to prepare a furgeon and a 
 prieft. In quitting the field, he had given up the 
 command to Lieutenant-General Rilbikow, whom 
 he ordered to withdraw the battalions, as he did 
 not augur favorably of the iiTue of the action, if it 
 were any longer continued. 
 
 In the mean time, Suworow arrived at his tent 
 where the furgeon examined his wound extracted 
 the ball, and applied the firft drefling. His horfe 
 had received feveral mots in his body, and died, as 
 a foldier was taking ofFhis faddle. 
 
 The battalions were left by Suworow, as he well 
 knew, in a very dangerous pofition ; and the event 
 was precifely as he had forefeen. Inftead of retir- 
 ing by degrees, the retreat was beat at once, which 
 caufed the troops to fly in hafte and diforder ; by 
 which untoward conducl, the Ruffians loft feveral 
 hundred men. 
 
 Suworow's wound became more painful. Ke 
 had feveral fainting fits, and a fever followed on 
 the third day. He, therefore, ordered himfelf to 
 be removed to Kinburn : on the day after his arrival 
 at which place, his refpiration was become very 
 difficult, and his end feemed to be appioaching.. 
 Nature, however, prevailed ; a long and tranquil 
 flcep, which fortunately fucceeded, 'reftored his. 
 ftrength, and he was foon declared to be out of 
 danger. His wound was alfo threatened with a gan- 
 green, but that was removed, and though he was 
 under the furgeon's care, and often under his knife, 
 during three weeks, he never kept his bed. He 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 was aifo, for fome days, attacked by the jaundice : 
 zieverthelefs, he perfevered in his long accuftomed 
 practice, of preferring regimen to medicine, and 
 his health wasfoon re eftablifhed. Though before 
 he was quite recovered, he again very narrowly ef- 
 caped deftru&ion, from the confequences of fire in 
 the powder-magazine, which was full of charged 
 bombs, grenades, and various other combuftibles, 
 prepared for the army before Oczakow. One of 
 the bombs fell in the chamber, where the general 
 was fitting, tore his bed, and broke down a part of 
 the wall, and wounded him in the face, the breail, 
 and the knee. Some loft their lives, and many 
 were wounded by this misfortune ; but as all thofe 
 who were employed in the magazine, at the time it 
 blew up, loft their lives, the caufe of the difafter 
 could not be difcovered. 
 
 The inhabitants of Oczakow, on feeing (he 
 enormous fmoke in which Klrburn was for fome 
 time envelloped, concluded, that the whole of the 
 town had been blown up ; the feraikier, therefore 
 fent an immediate exprefs to the fleet, with orders 
 to make a defcent at Kinburn, with a view to take 
 advantage of the confufion, which fuch a terrible 
 accident might be fuppofed to have occafioned. 
 But Haftan Bacha refilled to obey them. And he 
 did right : for, on afufpicion that fuch an attempt 
 might be made, the troops weie all prepared, and 
 difpofed to relift it. 
 
 Hafjan Bacha was foon after recalled to Con- 
 ftantinople, where, it was fuppofed, he would lofe 
 his head. But it did not appear that he underwent 
 any kind of punifhment. The remains of the 
 
l82 
 
 SUWOROw's 
 
 Turkifh fleet continued atfea, under the command 
 of the vice-admiral, till the end of October, when 
 it fet fail for the Dardanelles. 
 
 k 
 
 In the mean time, the fiege of Oczakow conti- 
 nued ; the hard frofts fet in, and the befieged loft 
 great numbers of men. At length, after four months 
 regular attack, Prince Potemkin ordered an affault, 
 on thefixth of December, and the Rufli ans became 
 matters of the place. 
 
 Of eighty thoufand troops, which formed the 
 befieging army of Oczakow, four thoufand three 
 hundred loft their lives at the affault, while epide- 
 mic fevers, and the rigour of the feafon, had carri- 
 ed off a much larger number. The Turks fuftained 
 a lofs of four thoufand feven hundred killed, and 
 four thoufand eight hundred were made prifoners 
 of war. 
 
 During the latter operations of the fiege, Suwo- 
 row remained at Cherfon and Kremenfchuck, for 
 the recovery of his health. 
 
 In the beginning of the following year, he re- 
 turned to Peterfburg ; when the emprefs prefented 
 him with a plume of diamonds for his cafque, dif- 
 tinguifhed by a cypher of the letter K, as an ac- 
 knowledgment for his defence of Kinburn. In a 
 fhort time after, he returned to the army. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 §UWOROW, immediately after his 
 arrival at JafTy, paid a vifit to Field-Marfhal -Gene- 
 ral Count Romanzow, who foon afcer contracted 
 a perpetual lamenefs in his feet, and was chen lodg- 
 ed at a country feat near JalTy. He therefore left 
 his army under the command of Prince Potemkin, 
 and, when united with that which the latter had 
 under his orders, they acquired the name of the 
 combined army. 
 
 Suworow foon after arrived at Berlat, eighteen 
 miles from JalTy, where he took the command of 
 the corps there, which was commanded by Lieute- 
 nant-General Derfelden. That general had, fome 
 time before, defeated a body of twenty thoufand 
 Turks, of whom four thoufand were left on the 
 field of battle, with thirty-feven ftandards, and 
 fourteen pieces of cannon taken. 
 
 The corps at Berlat confifted of three regiments 
 of Staradub, Nefan, and Tfchernikow carabineers* 
 forming five fquadrons ; with the regiments of Cof- 
 facs, under the two colonels Grekow ; one thou- 
 fand Arnauts, with twelve battalions of infantry, 
 two of which were grenadiers ; two regiments of 
 ChaiTeurs \ two of Smoliniki infantry ; two of Tuli ; 
 two of Noftow ; and two of Afcherow ; together 
 with the flying artillery, and fixteen large field- 
 pieces. Thefe troops were commanded by Lieu te- 
 nant- General Derfelden, Major-General Boniakow, 
 the Prince of Ezakawlki, and Brigadiers Lewaf- 
 chok, Wetfphal, and Burnafchow. 
 
i84 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 They were upon the point of marching for Wal- 
 luis, half way towards Jafiy ; but Suworow pre- 
 vented their departure, went to reconnoitre the 
 cnvirous, and advanced four miles farther, to Ka- 
 raptfchefti, where the cordon of light troops were 
 placed at the advanced pod. Thefe he ftationed 
 a little higher, that he might be near enough to 
 difcover the beft points of operation beyond the 
 Sereth, as far as Aropeftia and Forhani. 
 
 During thefe tran factions, the Prince of Saxe- 
 Cobourg had quitted his winter quarters, in Galli- 
 cia, and had advanced into Walachia, with his ar- 
 my, to the right bank of the Sereth. He was en- 
 camped before the fmall town of Atfchud, on the 
 banks of the Stratuch, which falls into the Sereth, 
 and his army was pretty much in a line with the 
 corps of General Suworow, who informed the 
 Prince of his arrival, and received the moft friend- 
 ly anfwer from him. Although hitherto unac- 
 qainted, they now formed a friendftiip and intima- 
 cy, which is highly requifite between the generals 
 of two allied powers. Never did the lead diftruft 
 difturb the harmony of their operations, nor had 
 they any fecrets from each other. The Ruffian 
 and Auftrian officers vifited in the two camps with 
 equal fatisfa&ion ; and, in a word, both the lea- 
 ders, and their fubordinate officers, lived in that 
 perfect friendfhip which eventually contributed fo 
 much to the fuccefs of their arms. 
 
 After the death of Abtul-Amit, which happen- 
 ed on the feventh of April, the throne was filled 
 by Selim, who augmented his military eftabiifh- 
 ment with one hundred and fifty thoufand men. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 «85 
 
 one third of which were intended to ferve in Wala- 
 chia. The Turks, who had been polled before Brahi- 
 low, on the Danube, marched under a Serafkier to 
 Zorhani, twelve miles from Prince Cobourg's camp, 
 and foon found themfelves forty thoufand ftrong. 
 
 They were now on the point of attacking his 
 corps, which was much inferior to them, in point 
 of numbers ; and of this he immediately informed 
 Suworow, who inftantly began to march. He left 
 the regiment of Truli before Bulat, with four field 
 pieces, befides his own, two fquadrons of each 
 regiment of carabineers, one hundred Cofiacs, 
 and one half of the Arnauts. 
 
 The corps directed its march to Atfchud, by a 
 fhort but very difficult road, acrofs the woods. 
 They marched day and night, pafled the Sereth on 
 the Auftrian pontoons, and advanced eighty werfts, 
 (twenty-four French leagues, or twelve German 
 miles,) in the fpace of thirty-fix hours, including 
 thofe unavoidably devoted to reft. We have 
 fcarcely an example of fo rapid a march. 
 
 It was at this time that General Suworow ran a 
 pin into the fole of his foot ; and as the head of it 
 broke, it could not be immediately extracted, fo 
 that he limped for fome time. The Turks, who 
 often faw him at a fmall diftance, imagining this 
 defect habitual, nick-named him Topal Bacha, (or, 
 the limping general.) 
 
 The Prince of Cobourg, who had been apprifed of 
 the departure of the columns, would not credit this 
 aftonifhing march, till he had feen General Suwo- 
 row with his own eyes. The troops arrived at duik, 
 and were polled on the left wing of the Auflrians. 
 
 The next day, two bridges were thrown over the 
 vol. I. A a 
 
i86 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 Stratufch, and the two corps palled in two column:, 
 the Auflrians to the right, and Ruflians to the left. 
 
 To conceal the junction of the Ruffians with 
 Prince Cobourg's corps from the enemy, Suworow 
 had none but Auftrians in his vanguard, which was 
 compofed of two Kaunitz and Colloredo battalions 
 of Barko huflars, and Loewener light horfe, under 
 the orders of the brave Colonel Karatfchay. When 
 the Ruffian troops halted, it was always in a hol- 
 low behind the van-guard. They retted two nights 
 during their march, and Suworow, who was al- 
 moft always before them in order to reconnoitre, 
 fell on a party of Turks who did not know him. 
 
 On the third day, while the troops were retting 
 under cover cf Maria Tfcheftia, two miles [from 
 the river Putna, Suworow fent an officer upon the 
 fcout with thirty Coflacs. He met a body of two 
 hundred Turks ; and, as he had orders in fuch cafe 
 to draw them on, he made his Coflacs retire little 
 by little in a ttate of difperfion. His meafures were 
 already taken, and the regiment of Coflacs of Iwan 
 Grekow led by the major of the day. Kuris made 
 the firft attack. The regiment was in three divi- 
 fions. The firft attacked the Turks when they 
 approached the wood, wheeled fuddenly round, 
 and, being afterwards fuccoured by above five 
 hundred men, returned to the charge ; upon which 
 the two other divifions of Coflacs took part in the 
 action. The number of the Turks foon amounted 
 to two thoufand men. The other regiments of 
 Coflacs were alfo engaged, as were the Arnauts, 
 commanded by captain Falkenhagen. The Turks 
 again gave way, but the whole of their van-guard 
 confuting of four thoufand Spahi's coming up, the 
 Ruflians were obliged to retreat. The five fqua- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 187 
 
 drons of Barko hulTars then came to their fupport ; 
 the battle was renewed; and, although the enemy 
 began to lofethe advantages they had gained, the 
 fuccefs of the Ruffians was ftill doubtful, till they 
 were re-enforced by three fquadrons of Loewener 
 light horfe and two fquadrons of carabineers, to- 
 gether with a few hundred challeurs and infantry. 
 The Turks now took to flight ; and all the cavalry 
 that had been engaged purfued them as far as the 
 Putna, where a great number of them drowned. 
 
 In this battle, which continued five hours, the 
 Turks loft fix hundred men ; among whom were a 
 great many officers, but fcarcely any were made 
 prifoners. They were commanded by Ofman, a 
 bacha of two tails, and one of their bed generals. 
 The lofs of the Ruffians was inconfiderable. 
 
 Two thoufand men of Turkifh infantry were 
 feen feveral times putting themfelves in motion, on 
 the other fide of the Putna, with two pieces of can- 
 non : but they did not come to the relief of their 
 cavalry, and retired precipitately to Forhani. 
 
 The night already began to grow dark, and the 
 two combined corps had taken their pofitions, when 
 the Turks fuddenly fell upon them, and a party of 
 light troops, who had raken and plundered their 
 camp beyond Putna, advanced as far as that river. 
 Karatfchay who in the interval occupied the heights 
 near a ford, with the battalion of Kaunitz, received 
 the enemy with a fire of mulketry, and repulfecl them. 
 
 The Ruffians had already begun to throw pon- 
 toons over the river, and the pioneers who were 
 difturbed for a fhort time by this incident, foon re- 
 fumed their work. The Kaunitz and Colloredo 
 battalions covered the tete-de-pont, and two batta- 
 
i83 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 lions of Ruffian chafleurs were encamped on the hi- 
 ther fide of the river. At midnight, the frream 
 carried away the bridge, but it was foon repaired, 
 and the Ruffian troops arrived on the oppofite bank 
 before day-break, together with the reft of their 
 van-guard. The infantry pafled over the bridge, 
 and the cavalry forded the river upon their right. 
 At day-break, Prince Cobourg's corps pafTed in 
 the fame manner ; and the two corps inarched in 
 columns afcending fome gently rifing grounds, and 
 when they were at the fummit, from which they 
 could difcover a large extent of country, they drew 
 up in order of battle. The Auftrians formed in pla- 
 toons in two lines, placed alternately like a checquer 
 on the right, with a third line entirely compofed of 
 cavalry. According to this arrangement, the Ruf- 
 fians was on the left wing in fix platoons, of which 
 the third was formed by the cavalry, together with 
 the Coffacs. Karatfchay kept in the middle of the 
 two corps with the battalions and fquadrons, which 
 had before ferved as a van guard to the Ruffians. 
 
 The front of the line was half a mile in extent, 
 and at fix in the morning the two corps marched 
 againfl. the enemy with drums beating. The Ikir- 
 mifhes began, and the army had thus advanced 
 nearly half a mile, when fifteen thoufand Turkifh 
 horfe fell upon the right wing of Prince Cobourg, 
 apparently intending to furround it. But Field- 
 Marfhal Spleni, who had fomewhat llackened his 
 march, and who was two hundred paces in the 
 rear with three platoons, placed the enemy between 
 two fires of mufquetry, and, in half an hour, re- 
 pulfed them with conhderable lofs. 
 
 During thefe manoeuvres, the Ruffian corps was 
 gaining ground. The Turks defended themfelves 
 
 V 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 .89 
 
 with twenty thoufand horfe, attacked the left wing, 
 which was commanded by Lieutenant- General 
 Derfelden, and broke through the platoons, efpeci- 
 ally on the left flank. The engagement continued a- 
 bout two hours, till at length the enemy being over- 
 thrown with great lofs, took to flight acrofs a wood. 
 
 The two corps had in front a very thick wood, 
 which they were obliged to turn, and pofted them- 
 felves on the other fide in the fame order in which 
 they were before. This was nearly half way from 
 the Putna to Forhani. For the fpace of half a mile 
 the ground was covered with brambles, fo that both 
 men and horfes had their legs much fcratched and 
 ftained with blood. The Turks fometimes annoyed 
 them, though feebly, and the ikirmifhers were not 
 very active, till they had quitted this rough ground, 
 and got into an open country. The enemy then 
 frequently renewed their attacks, but were almoft 
 always repulfed by the cavalry, who marched be- 
 hind the lines. Once, when the Turks were at a 
 diftance of a quarter of a mile from their camp at 
 Forhani, they wholly abandoned the field, and im- 
 mediately began to play their artillery. As they did 
 not much annoy the two corps, the latter advanced 
 rapidly fome hundred paces to be out of the range 
 of their guns, and all the balls flew over their heads. 
 
 The Turkifh infantry was in the centre of their 
 entrenchments, and the cavalry on their wings ; 
 and it was remarked that their troops did not pre- 
 fentagood countenance. When the Ruffians uere 
 at the diftance of a werft from their camp, the two 
 corps opened a ftrong fire of artillery as they 
 marched, and when they arrived within three hun- 
 dred paces, the platoons attacked the intrench- 
 ments in full charge, with their bayonets and 
 
I 9° 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 cries of war. As the intrenchments were illraifed 
 and not ftrengthened with fufficient artillery, they 
 were foon carried. Only the firft line of platoons 
 penetrated into them, under the command of 
 Schaftakow, Narock, and Böhm. On the left, 
 the Auftrian platoons, commanded by Spleni, did 
 the fame. All the works were carried, and the Tuiks 
 •were obliged to fly. Their cavalry were foon over- 
 thrown on the two flanks. The imperial and barko 
 hufiars diftinguifhed themfelves on this occafion. 
 
 In the rear, and at a fmall diftance from the in- 
 trenchments, the Turks had fortified the convent 
 of St. Samuel, where they had a confiderable ma- 
 gazine of provifions. A few hundred januTaries 
 had thrown themfelves into it to cover their fugi- 
 tives. This poft, two Ruffian and two Auftrian 
 platoons attacked with a great quantity of artille- 
 ry. The battle continued feveral hours ; two Auf- 
 trian majors, Counts Aueriberg and Orelly, and 
 feveral officers were killed, with about one hun- 
 dred men ; and there were a great number wound- 
 ed. A powder-magazine alfo blew up, and killed 
 a great many in the interior of the convent. At 
 length the gate was forced by means of the artille- 
 ry, and almoft all the Turks who had fled there 
 were cut to pieces. Thofe who took refuge in the 
 church experienced the fame fate ; and, after an 
 obftinate engagement, all thofe who defended the 
 convent, were cut in pieces. 
 
 Prince Cobourg, Karatfchay and Suworow, 
 met together at the end of this lall battle, and 
 embraced each other, and a great many officers of 
 both corps, congratulating one another on the vic- 
 tory they had gained. Prince Cobourg caufed a 
 cloak to be extended on the ground before the con- 
 vent, and made a military halt at four o'clock, P* M, 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 Not far from this convent was that of St. John, 
 in which alfo was a great magazine of provifions. 
 The Turks had likewife thrown two or three hun- 
 dred men into this edifice. Prince Cobourg fent 
 thither one of his battalions, who attacked and 
 took it after an engagement of an hour. One 
 third of the enemy were made prifoners, and the 
 reft were put to the fword. 
 
 The Turks fled by two different roads, namely, 
 by that of Bukareft to the fmali town of Rymnik, 
 whither they were purfued by a body of Coflacs 
 and Arnauts, who took from them above four hun- 
 dred waggons ; and by the road of Brahilow, whi- 
 ther the imperial and barko hu&rs purfued them, 
 together with the Hulans and Arnauts, and took 
 an equal quantity of baggage. 
 
 Thus terminated the battle of Forhani, which 
 took place on the 21ft July, 1789. The action 
 commenced at fix o'clock, and fmifhed at ten. 
 There were forty thoufand of the Turks againft 
 eighteen thoufand Auftrians and feven thoufand 
 Ruffians. The enemy left two thoufand men on 
 the nelcj, and about three hundred were made pri- 
 foners. They loft fixteen ftandards, twelve pieces 
 of cannon, and their camp, which was very rich, 
 and immenfe magazines. The lofs of the Ruffians 
 and Auftrians was comparatively nothing. 
 
 As the moft perfect harmony prevailed between 
 the generals, it was agreed that the booty of ihe 
 camp and the cannon mould be equally divided, 
 and that the ftandards mould remain the property 
 of thofe who had taken them. As to the maga- 
 zines of provifions, the general left them entirely 
 to the Prince of Cobourg, becaufe the Ruffians were 
 to march in another direction. 
 
192 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 This was the firft battle gained by the Auftrians 
 during this war. The method of forming the troops 
 into platoons, or fmall fquares, was now adopted ; 
 and from that time, Prince Hohenloke, Laudon, and 
 Clairfait, beat the enemy, by purfuing that method. 
 
 The Prince of Cobourg received the grand crofs 
 of Maria Therefa ; and the Emperor Jofeph wrote 
 to Suworow, with a fnurT-box adorned with his cy- 
 pher fet in diamonds, in the following terms : 
 
 cc I have received, general in chief, with extreme 
 " pleafure, your letter, announcing to me the glo- 
 " rious victory gained at Forhani, by the troops of 
 " her Imperial Majefty, under your command, 
 cc combined with mine, under the Prince of Co- 
 u bourg. It would be impoflible for him fufficient- 
 " ly to pride himfelf on the afliftance he has recei- 
 " ved from your genius and valour, as well as from 
 " the whole corps you command, for which I am 
 " under a particular obligation to you. I alfo re- 
 " queft you, to teftify my particular gratitude to 
 " General Field-Marfhal Prince Potemldn Tauritf- 
 " chewfki, whofe zeal has greatly contributed to 
 " the fuccefs of our arms. I hope I mall often have 
 cc additional opportunities of demonftrating to her 
 " Imperial Majefty, the fidelity of my attachment 
 " to her. Be afTured, general in chief, of my per- 
 " feci: efteem, to which you have acquired a juft 
 " title, by the heroic actions which have already 
 " diftinguifhed your career. 
 
 " Luxembourg, Augufl 13, 1789. 
 
 (Signed) Joseph." 
 
 SNB §F TMS FIRST VQLVMR. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 OF 
 
 Prince Alexander Suworoiu 
 Rymnikslu, 
 
 flELD-MARS HAL-GENERAL IN THE SERVICE 
 HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, THE EMPEROR 
 OF ALL THE RUSSIAS, 
 
 W I T H 
 
 A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF HIS PRIVATE 
 
 LIFE AND CHARACTER, 
 
 Translated from the German of Frederic Anthing, 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, 
 
 A CONCISE AND COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY 
 
 OF HIS 
 
 ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 
 PIISTTEB BY C. AND R. WAITE, FOR WM, COBBETT, 
 l800. 
 
CAMPAIGNS 
 
 OF 
 
 PRINCE ALEXANDER SUWOROW 
 RYMNIKSKI. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 GENERAL Suworow received advice of the 
 manoeuvres of the Turks, during his ablence 
 at Berlat. Their intention was to pafs the river of 
 Pruth, and to attack that diftrift. He, therefore, 
 began to march the day after the battle of Forhani ; 
 but although the road by that place was the moft 
 direct, he muft have loft fome time in throwing 
 bridges over the river, and therefore he preferred 
 the wafte of Atfchud. No obftacles occurred on 
 the Putna ; but not far from the fmall town of At- 
 fchud, the ftrength of the current of the Stratufch 
 carried away the pontoons, and the infantry were 
 obliged to pafs the river on planks. 
 
 Four battalions were left behind, with the artille- 
 ry, in order to effect a paffage, when the waters 
 mould have fubfided. The cavalry pafled in flat- 
 bottomed boats ; while the Coffacks and Arnauts 
 fwam acrofs the river. Within a few days, (on the 
 27th of July,) Suworow arrived at Berlat; and, on 
 the thirtieth, the troops which he had left on the 
 other bank, followed him with their field-pieces. 
 
4 su wo row's 
 
 Neverthelcfs to guard againfl the incuvfions of 
 the Tartars of Belfarabia, who occupy the country 
 between the Pruth and the Sereth, and to prevent 
 any diverfions that might induce the garrifon of 
 Brahilow to repair to the mouth of the Sereth, on 
 the fide of Bcrlat, Prince Repnin detached from 
 his corps, encamped at Repajamohila, Lieutenant- 
 General Prince Wolgonfki, with four battalions, 
 and eight fquadrons, with orders to take a pofition 
 in the village of Saporeni, between Falfchi and Ber- 
 lat, for the purpofe of obferving the motions of 
 the enemy, and to cover the left flank of Suworow's 
 army. 
 
 In a fhort time after his arrival at Berlat, the 
 general ordered Baron de Sacken to occupy Falfchi 
 on the Pruth, with a battalion, and fome pieces of 
 artillery. He alfo eftablifhed a chain of commu- 
 nication with him, by detachments of light troops : 
 while Sacken, at the head of fifty Coffacks, exten- 
 ded his reconnoitering excurfions to the environs of 
 Kagul and Ifmailow. 
 
 The Tartars, after having forded the Pruth near 
 Ifmailow, furprifed, during the night, a Ruffian 
 officer with a party of Arnauts, in the village of 
 Faltchafti, about fifteen miles from Falchi. He 
 made a very vigorous defence, but was, at length, 
 made prifoner. The Tartars brought with them a 
 confiderable number of peafants from Moldavia, 
 whom, according to their ufual praclice, they fold 
 to the Turks. 
 
 Major Sabolewfki, who commanded the advanc- 
 ed polts at Karaptfefld, gave notice, that a fwarm 
 of Turks had paffed the Danube near Galaz. At 
 the fame time, two Tartars, who were made prifon* 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 5 
 
 ■Cfs by the Arnäuts, on the other fide of the Pruth, 
 declared, that Haffan, who was lately captain-bacha, 
 but (ince become feralkier, had it in contemplation 
 to leave, very fhortly, the environs of Ifmailow, 
 with a confiderable body of forces, in order to fall 
 upon the troops commanded by Prince Repnin, 
 ported at Rapajamohila, and afterwards to attack 
 the Prince of Cobourg before forhani. 
 
 A confidential perfon, who had been fent into 
 Walachi, gave intelligence, that the Turkilh army, 
 commanded by the Vizier, had patted the Danube 
 at Kirfow, and that their march was directed along 
 the Bufco, between Forhani and Brahilow, with the 
 defign to fight Prince Cobourg, and then to pene- 
 trate to Jaffey, which was not fufficiently firong to 
 make a formidable refinance. 
 
 The Prince Cobourg fet out to meet HafTan 
 Bacha, and fell in with him the nineteenth of Sep- 
 tember, near Salza, at the diftance of ten miles from 
 Ifmailow. Suworow proceeded to Karaptchefti ; 
 and general Derfelden marched along the Pruth, 
 with a flying corps, to turn the Turks, if they pre- 
 fented themfelves. 
 
 An officer having been difpatched, with fifty 
 Coffacks, to Galaz, on a party of difcovery, 
 brought an account, that about five hundred Spahis 
 were fcouring the countries in detached parties. 
 As it would be a lofs of time to look after them, 
 Suworow advanced four miles, to Puzzeni, in or- 
 der to approach the Auftrians. Derfelden alfo 
 formed his junction at that place, as, from the 
 intelligence that had been procured, there was every 
 reafon to expect a very important aftion. 
 
 Suworow had left behind him, at Berlat, two 
 
6 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 battalions, with fix field-pieces, fix fqaadrons of 
 carabineers, and the heavy baggage. Sacken re- 
 mained at Faltfchi, with his battalion, a hundred 
 and fifty CofTacks, and two hundred Arnauts, to at- 
 tend to that country. 
 
 On the fixth of September, the general received 
 an exprefs from Prince Cobourg, with the intelli- 
 gence, that the Tu'aS were on their march againft 
 him. His pofition was on the river Milkow, about 
 a mile from Forhani, and had polled his advanced 
 guard, half a mile before him, under the command 
 of Karatfchay. The following day, another mef- 
 fenger arrived, to inform the general, that the Turks 
 were in full march to attack Prince Cobourg, with 
 a very numerous arrr.y, led on by the Grand Vizier. 
 The Prince requefted that the general would join 
 him with all fpeed ; and added, that one of his par- 
 ties had already fuffered from an attack of the 
 enemy, and that he had found it necefTary to call in 
 his advanced guard. 
 
 Suworow fet out with his corps at midnight, 
 paffed the Berlat, by a bridge, at noon, which was 
 three miles from the place of his departure, and 
 took the dired road to the Sereth, where he expect- 
 ed to find the pontoons of the Auftrians; but they 
 were two miles higher up at Maritefcheftie, whither 
 the troops were obliged to proceed through roads 
 that were almoft impaffable. There had fallen a 
 great quantity of rain during the night ; and though 
 the light cavalry had pafTed the bridge, when Suwo- 
 row had reached the banks of the river, at the head 
 of the carabineers, it appeared that the itorm had 
 given fuch a fhock to the pontoons, as to create 
 an apprehenfion, that they were in great danger of 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 7 
 
 being carried away. The paffage therefore, was 
 too hazardous to be attempted, and the carabineers 
 were forced to fall back upon the infantry, who 
 were up to their knees in mud. It was a deep 
 clayey foil, from which both men and horfes found 
 it very difficult to extricate themfelves. At length 
 they found a fpot, in an adjoining wood, that was 
 fufficiently dry to bear them. 
 
 Major Kuris was immediately charged with the 
 reparation of the pontoons. He fet a thoufand 
 peafants, and fifteen hundred foldiers at work, and 
 the bufinefs was completed in the courfe of the 
 night ; fo that, at break of day, the troops paffed, in 
 files, over the pontoons. As the weather, which 
 had been very cloudy, began to clear up, they 
 marched gaily on three miles farther, to tbe other 
 fide of the Putna, where they were allowed a few 
 hours to repofe. 
 
 The light cavalry, which had been fent forward, 
 was followed by Burnafcow, with his carabineers. 
 He prefented himfelf in the morning to Prince Co- 
 bourg, who expre (fed a high degree of fatisfa&ioii 
 at the rapidity of the march. 
 
 General Suworow arrived fome hours later, with 
 the infantry ; and Prince Cobourg received him 
 with every mark of the warmeft friendfhip. They 
 repeated their embraces, and all the generals, offi- 
 cers, and foldiers, from a fpontaneous emotion, 
 followed their example. The warriors of the two 
 allied nations, received each other, as familiar ac- 
 quaintances, and old friends. 
 
 The Turkifh army had arrived, by two marches, 
 to the river of Rymnik, at four miles diftance from 
 the Milkow, where Prince Cobourg was encamped. 
 
8 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 The Ruffian Cavalry was diftributed in three divi- 
 fions, in the woods on the other tide of the river, 
 while the infantry encamped to the left of the 
 Auftrians. 
 
 After a ffiort conference with the Prince Co- 
 boiirg, the general re-mounted his horfe, with fome 
 officers and Cofiacks, and fet out on a reconnoiter- 
 ing party. The country fell in a gentle declivity 
 to a considerable diftance; and he climbed up a 
 tree, in order to obtain a better view of it ; when he 
 conceived the meafures neceflary to be taken from 
 his view of the ground. 
 
 He difcovered feveral roads, which led to the 
 Turkilh camp; but the molt dire£t did not feem to 
 him to be the beft, becaufe it was frequented by 
 patroles : there were however two others to the left, 
 one of which was half a mile about. Having made 
 thefe obfervations, he fet out, on his return ; but, 
 in his way, met two fquadrons of Auftrian hufTars, 
 who were difpatched after him, by way of precau- 
 tion, and to lerve as a fafeguard. 
 
 He had another conference with the Prince Co- 
 bourg, when he propofed an immediate attack on 
 the Turks ; and his proposition was followed by an 
 unhefitating acquiefcence. He had not taken any 
 reft tince his departure from Puzzeni ; but, in the 
 circumftances that furrounded him, his mind was 
 too much occupied, to permit him to indulge in the 
 flighteft repofe. He, however, returned to his poft, 
 and left his orderly officer, Colonel Zalotuchin, 
 to conceit with the Prince every arrangement of 
 the final difpofitions, previous to the intended 
 attack. 
 
 Suwoiow's corps was now ftrengthened by two 
 
CAMPAIGN'S. 9 
 
 fquadrons of the huflars of the emperor, and of 
 Barco, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Grave. 
 As the march might be made unobferved, for at 
 leaft half a mile, from the particular difpohtion of 
 the ground, the two corps began to move in the 
 evening. Suworow, who was charged with the 
 attack of the left wing of the Turkifh camp, took 
 the fecond road to the right ; and Prince Cobourg 
 purfued the third to the left. 
 
 At the clofe of day, the whole army had begun 
 its march. The infantry pafTcd the river upon the 
 Auftrian pontoons, while the cavalry and artillery 
 took the advantage of a ford. The night was very 
 dark ; and General Pofniakow, mifled by his guide, 
 had conduced the infantry into the road taken by 
 the Auftrians; but the miflake was difcovered in 
 time, and order quickly reftored. 
 
 In every other refpect, the darknefs of the night 
 was highly favourable to the fecrecy fo neceflary to 
 the fuccefs of the march ; and the abfence of the 
 moon was a fubjeel; of congratulation. 
 
 The troops advanced with all practicable filence, 
 and the words of command were given in the loweft 
 tone. Some hours before it was day, and after 
 having advanced two miles, they* arrived on the 
 banks of the Rymna, which, in that place, is not 
 more than fifty paces broad. Prince Cobourg 
 merits the higheft praife for the judicious and 
 univerfal precautions which he had taken. He 
 had commanded pontoons to be brought, but as the 
 river was not of an inconvenient depth, no ufe was 
 madeof them, in order to prevent the noife which 
 they might occafion. The water did not reach the 
 
 B 
 
10 
 
 SUWÖROW'S 
 
 foldiers knees ; but as the oppofite bank of the 
 river was fteep, it became neceffary to employ the 
 large horfes, belonging to the pontoons, to draw up 
 the artillery. This circumftance, for a fhort time, 
 retarded the paffage, but it, at length, terminated in 
 the heft poflible order. 
 
 The infantry formed the head of the column, 
 and the firft line having pafTed with fufficient artille-* 
 ry, the reft were fecure. A party of cavalry kept 
 upon its wings ; when the fecond line of infantry 
 pafTed in the fame order, accompanied by the 
 cavalry. 
 
 At break of day the Ruffians were on the other 
 fide of the river, and had put themfelves in order of 
 battle. Their corps which confifted of feven thou- 
 fand men, was diftnbuted in three lines. The infan- 
 try occupied the firft and fecond, in fix platoons, 
 and the cavalry formed the third. The Auftrians, 
 alfo, marched in three lines ; the two firft forming 
 nine platoons : and the third was compofed of the 
 cavalry, amounting in the whole to about eighteen 
 thoufand men ; fo that the two corps pofleffed nearly 
 the fame ftrength and numbers, as at the battle of 
 Forhani. 
 
 At fun-rife, the feveral lines advanced acrofs the 
 fields, covered with Turkey corn and other plants, 
 which reached the foldiers girdles. The army was 
 not at this time more than a mile and a half from the 
 Turkifh camp ; nor had it feen one of the enemy's 
 patroles ; fo that it proceeded without difcovery. 
 A Turkifh fpy had given intelligence that the 
 Ruffians were pofted at Putzeni 5 and from the time 
 and diftance, it could not, indeed, have been fup- 
 pofed that they could poflibly have advanced fofar : 
 
 r 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 the poor fpy, for this intelligence, which was believ- 
 ed to be falfe, afterwards loft his head. 
 
 Neverthelefs, a lieutenant, whom the general 
 had fent, during the march to Marietcheltie, to 
 fecure the Auftrian pontoons, having executed his 
 commimon, took the direct road to Rymnik, and 
 unexpectedly fell in with fome Turks ; who, af- 
 ter a vigorous refinance, wounded and made him 
 prifoner, with an inferior officer and fome Coifacs. 
 They queftioned him, refpeciing the march of the 
 Ruffians, but not giving credit to his account, he 
 was fent immediately to the Grand Vizier. Being 
 prefent at the moment when the battle began, he 
 exaggerated the force of the Ruffians ; and having 
 informed the Vizier, that Suworow commanded 
 them, he replied, that it muft be fome other perfon 
 of that name, as the general himfelf had died of his 
 wounds at Kinburn. 
 
 The Ruffian corps now approached the Turkiffi 
 camp. The ground rofe with a very gentle afcent, 
 and at the fummit, there were feveral large ditches, 
 covered with artillery, which began to play as foon 
 as the Turks perceived their enemy within a quar- 
 ter of a mile of them. The Ruffians, however, 
 were not prevented from charging; though the Ra- 
 vines prefented obftacles to them, and their artille- 
 ry, which it was very difficult to overcome. In the 
 mean time, the cavalry of the right wing were led oa 
 to the attack, by Brigac hr Burnafchow. 
 
 The Turks were on a hill ; and, feizing advan- 
 tage of a hollow way, they took the Ruffian cavalry 
 in flank, turned it with fuperior force, and attack- 
 ed a body of grenadiers of Cbaftato\v 3 which was on 
 the right wing. 
 
12 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 They confifted of fix or fevcn thoufand men; 
 and the Janiffarics, having mounted behind the Spa- 
 his, leaped down, and fought by the fide of their 
 horfes, during an hour, under a running fire of muf- 
 ketry. 
 
 At length, however, they wererepulfed with con- 
 fiderable lofs; and the JanifTaries having re-mount- 
 ed the horfes, took to flight. Burnafchow follow- 
 ed them to a confiderable diftance, with great 
 {laughter. 
 
 The camp of the Turks, which was near the 
 town of Tyrgoukuli, was foon broke up. It was 
 fituated on a fteep hill, and the troops which occu- 
 pied it, confifted of twelve thoufand men; but they 
 made their retreat with fo much expedition, that 
 the Ruffians could not get pofleffion, even of their 
 artillery. 
 
 At the beginning of the action of Tyrkogukuli, 
 Ofman Bacha, who had conducted himfelf with 
 much diflinguifhed courage, at the affair of Putna, 
 demanded five thoufand volunteer Spahis of the Vi- 
 zier; which being granted, he fell, with great impe- 
 tuofity, on the Ruffian left wing. The conteft was 
 very fliarp for fome time, but at length, after hav- 
 ing loft a great number of his people, he was obli- 
 ged to fly. 
 
 All the platoons proceeded towards Bochfa and 
 Kringumaelor; but that of Chaftatow, which re- 
 tained its pofition, in order to fupport the cavalry 
 who were left behind, and were in fome danger of 
 being cut off. As foon as the junction was formed, 
 it proceeded and overtook the reft of the infantry, 
 *t the diftance of half a mile, where they had halted; 
 but Chaftatow's troops were deprived of that advan- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 13 
 
 tage, as the others were juft beginning lo move for- 
 ward when they arrived, fo that ihey were obliged 
 to continue their march, without having enjoyed the 
 lead; repofe. 
 
 In the mean time the Turks had difcovered the 
 weaknefs of the Ruffian corps. Ofman Bacha 
 had ordered fifteen thoufand horfe to follow him 
 in order to furround this little corps before it 
 could reach the height of Bochfa. Prince Co- 
 bourg, who had taken a longer rout, and come 
 down the Rymna nearly a mile, had approached 
 about half a mile nearer the Ruffians, during the 
 battle of Tyrkogukuli. This body of Turks of 
 fifteen thouland men, fell unawares under his can- 
 non, and were obliged to fuflain an engagement of 
 two hours. Karetfchay, who was to the right of 
 the Auftrians, was preffed clofe ; his cavalry charg- 
 ed the Turks repeatedly; the fire of the carbines 
 and mufketry annoyed them much, and they w r ere 
 obliged to retreat. 
 
 Towards noon, they were tranquil on all fides; 
 not a fingle Turk now appeared, and Soworow 
 alfembled his platoons and the cavalry under a 
 mountain, near the village of Kaiata, a mile from 
 Tyrkogukuli, where the troops, which were ex- 
 hausted with fatigue, retted an hour on the banks of 
 a rivulet. On the fummit of this mountain are ftitl 
 ieen the ruins of a considerable fort, of which it is 
 faid in that country, that whoever takes poifeffion of 
 it, is fure to gain the battle, and whoever keeps it is 
 mafter of Wallachia. The true origin of this opinion 
 is, that this mountain is in the centre of the plains of 
 Forhani, which extend from the Putna, to the banks 
 ©f Bufeo, as far as Brahilow, and which have been 
 
14 su wo row's 
 
 the fcene of feveral bloody engagements; and it is 
 well known, that Bajazet defeated the Hofpodar 
 Stephen, with fixty thou fand men, near Rymnik. 
 
 When the Ruffian corps marched to Tyrkogu- 
 kuli, their lines were directed towards the fouth; 
 and, as they made a movement on their left, they 
 removed to the weftward. They had before them, 
 at the diftance of half a mile, the village of Bochfa. 
 Prince Cobourg was at the fame diftance, but in a 
 more oblique direction, and the Grand Vizier was 
 at above a mile diftance from that village, with the 
 bulk of his army, beyond the wood of Kringumae- 
 lor, on the river Rymnik. The Turks had opened 
 entrenchments on the fkirts of a wood, where they 
 intended to leave their heavy baggage, and to attack 
 Prince Cobourg the next day; but the latter anti- 
 cipated them before they were quite ready ; and, 
 (luring the battle, they were ftill at work on feveral 
 points. They had begun to eftabliffi a line of com- 
 munication from the wood to the village of Bochfa, 
 and they had^equally intrenched Bofcha and Kai'ata, 
 as well as eretled batteries to clear the field of battle 
 by a crofs fire from Tyrkogukuli to Kringumaelor. 
 Thefe batteries, which were already finifhed, were of 
 no ufe, in confequence of a movement of Suworow, 
 who had turned them. 
 
 The Ruffians renewed the battle at one o'clock 
 in the afternoon, when they all began to march to 
 the village of Bochfa. The Arnauts pufhed for- 
 ward and were the firft, who charged a party of 
 Turks. The Grand Vizrer fhewed himfelf in per- 
 fon, at the head of a numerous cavalry; and, with a 
 force of forty thoufand men, including the twenty 
 thoufand who had been fighting in the morning. 
 
CAMPAIGNS* 15 
 
 fell on Prince Cobourg's corps on all fides. They 
 particularly preffed the right wing, which feparated 
 Karatfchay from the main body; and their cavalry 
 threw themfelves bravely under the fire of the car- 
 bines, and of the mufketry, and even on the very 
 bayonets. Thus the Auftrians were in imminent 
 danger, and repulfed fix following attacks with the 
 greateft intrepidity. The Hungarian huffars con- 
 dueled themfelves with diftinguiihed bravery, fuc- 
 ceeded in breaking the enemy's lines, notwithstand- 
 ing the fuperiority of their numbers, made the 
 Turks give way, and killed an immenfe number of 
 men. Prince Cobourg fent repeatedly, during the 
 action, to requefi Suworow to come and fupport 
 him. 
 
 As to Suworow, he was behind Bochfa. He 
 had turned the enemy's batteries, who had fcarcely 
 time to fire a few rounds, before they took flight, 
 and precipitately dragged all the cannon they could 
 fave, behind the intrenchments of Kringumaelor. 
 At this time the Spahis arrived; and in order to flop 
 the platoons, by hemming them in, they made fe- 
 veral attacks, few of which were made with vigour. 
 They charged the Ruffian light horfe, but the regu- 
 lar troops received and repulfed them. In the laft 
 purfuit in particular, the carabineers of Tfcherni- 
 kow, and the huffars of the emperor cut feveral 
 hundred men in pieces. 
 
 Suworow found, on the other fide of the village, 
 a fituation of fufficient extent to form his lines, in- 
 ftantly, in order of battle. The Turks kept up 
 a very vigorous fire from their heavy artillery, 
 placed in the wood of Kringumaelor, by which the 
 platoons were at firfl annoyed ; but as they com*- 
 
i6 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 nued to advance, the greater part of this cannonade 
 was without effecl. 
 
 The Ruffians marched boldly up to the wood, and 
 as their left wing was but a quarter of a mile from 
 the right wing of Prince Cobourg, as well as from 
 the wood, Suworow refolved to make a lalt and 
 decifive attack to terminate this conteft, which 
 began to grow long and tedious. The lines of the 
 Ruffians, and thofe of the Auftrians, formed a right 
 angle with the interval juft delcribed, the Ruffians 
 facing the weft, and the Auftrians the fouth j a 
 pofition which was very difadvantageous to the 
 Turks : and Suworow fent the Colonel Zalotu- 
 chin to Prince Cobourg, to defire him immediately 
 to advance, as foon as he fhould fee him commence 
 the attack. 
 
 Prince Cobourg had already been engaged in the 
 preceding battle, wherein the Turks, being preffed 
 by the Ruffians, and overpowered by the crofs fire 
 of the two corps, had abandoned the held of battle, 
 leaving a great number of their men upon the field. 
 They no fooner faw the Auftrians approaching, 
 than they fled towards the main body of the army, 
 which was in the wood, and numerous parties ftill 
 joined them from the camp of Rymnik. Thefe bo- 
 dies appeared by degrees on the right wing of the 
 Ruffians, as if to attack them in the rear ; but little 
 notice was taken of their menaces. 
 
 Thejnore the two combined corps advanced in 
 the order defcribed, the more the interval that fe- 
 parated them was alfo narrowed. The left wing of 
 the Auftrians opened itfelf on the right of the Hurts 
 of the wood. The Ruffian platoon formed in a 
 femi circle, and marched, with loud exclamations. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 17 
 
 to the front of the wood, which was intrenched. 
 A dreadful fire proceeded from it, and, to fave his 
 men, Suworow ordered the cavalry to attack in the 
 interval of the platoons, becaufe they might eafily 
 penetrate into the wood, through which they might 
 fee light behind the intrenchmcnts. In that part 
 there were above fifteen thou fand jani Maries, moftly 
 armed only with a fabre, called dalglitfch ; and 
 their cavalry covered the two wings of the wood. 
 
 The long and formidable line of the cavalry 
 cleared the ditches, and parapets, charged the janif- 
 faries, and made a dreadful carnage. The Turks 
 defended themfelves molt defperately with the fabre 
 and the poniard, and fuffered themfelves to be cut 
 to pieces upon their cannon, as if they had been 
 chained to them. The carabineers of Starodubow, 
 commanded by Miklafc.hewfki, were the firtt who 
 rufhed forward, with the Imperial and Barko huf- 
 fars. The Coffacs and the Arnauts, who w T ere in 
 the front of the right wing, fell upon the Turkifh 
 cavalry, broke through them every where, and at- 
 tacked the wood behind ; while the Arnauts of the 
 Auftrians and the Hulans performed the fame ma- 
 noeuvre on the left wing. All the platoons foon 
 followed the cavalry, and cut in pieces all they 
 found in their way. Colonel Bardakow's platoon 
 of grenadiers, which was the neareft to the Auftri- 
 ans, and thole of Kaunitz and Colleredo, diftin- 
 guifhed themfelves on this occafion. 
 
 At four in the afternoon the combined corps were 
 mailers of the wood, and the Turks no longer made 
 a ffand any where, but fled in the utmoft alarm and 
 diforder. Colonel Scherfhnew was left in the rear, 
 
 C 
 
su wo row's 
 
 with his platoon on the part of the Auftrians, to 
 keep poffeffion of the wood, and guard the artillery 
 taken from the enemy ; while the red continued to 
 purine them. On all fides the ground was cover- 
 ed with dead ; for it was thought expedient not to 
 give the Turks quarter, on account of the immenfe 
 number of their army, and the weaknefs of the alli- 
 ed corps. Hence the Ruffians and Auftrians killed 
 all they met, and Poliwanow charged a party with 
 his fquadron, and cut five hundred men to pieces. 
 
 From the other fide of Kringumaelor to the river 
 of Rymnick, is about a mile. This road was en- 
 cumbered with a great quantity of trains of artillery 
 and caiffbns, which the Turks had endeavoured to 
 fave from the woods ; but not being able to drag 
 them any farther, they had left the matches burning. 
 Hence many of the caiffbns blew up, which imped- 
 ed the purfuit, and did much mifchief. 
 
 The Grand Vizier, a man much efteemed for his 
 courage and his talents, was in a very deplorable 
 Mate of health, having been attacked with the afth- 
 ma; and, contrary to the cuftom of the Turks, had 
 come in a carriage, though he mounted a horfe dur- 
 ing the action, and did his utmoit to rally his men, 
 and led them back to the charge. He conjured 
 them, in the name of the Alcoran, which he held 
 up before them ; and, to leave no motive untried, 
 he cau fed two field-pieces, which were near him, 
 and were the only cannon faved, to be pointed, 
 and fired upon them. But his troops were infenfi- 
 ble to every thing but fe^r, and he was wholly una- 
 ble to re-animate their courage. Ofman Bacha was 
 feen fometimes riding among his troops, but with- 
 out being able to flop their flight. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 19 
 
 The victorious forces arrived at fun-fet at the ri- 
 ver of Rymnick, where a prodigious quantity of 
 men had been drowned, as well as of horfes and 
 cattle. Its courfe was alfo obflrufted in various 
 parts by above a hundred carriages and waggons. 
 All that were able to fly, had haftened to feek 
 their fafcty on the oppofite bank. 
 
 The camp of the great army of the Turks was 
 on the hither fide of the river; but it was in fo fil- 
 thy a ftate, that it was fcarcely poffible to breathe 
 there. In various places w r ere cafks o< powder, 
 near which the Turks, when taking to flight, had 
 left lighted matches, and they had alfo buried 
 combuftibles, fome of which blew up among 
 the troops, and wounded feveral of the men. In 
 this camp the allied troops made an immenfc booty, 
 and in the river. 
 
 Suworow had previoufly refolved not to pafs 
 the river that day, becaufe the troops, fatigued 
 with the labours of the day, and the long march that 
 preceded it, were in want of reft. He therefore 
 pitched his camp half a mile from Prince Cobourg. 
 This intrepid and indefatigable general foon after 
 came into Suworow's tent, when they congratulated 
 each other with the effufions of the warmell friend- 
 fhip. Several Auftrian generals and ftafF-officers 
 alfo came to the Ruffian camp, and General Ka- 
 ratfehay could fcarcely perfuade himfelf to quit Su- 
 worow. 
 
 In the evening, Prince Cobourg received a cou- 
 rier from Prince Potemkin. Among other things, 
 this di (patch contained fome reproaches on ac- 
 count of the pontoons not having been ready. 
 Prince Cobourg, who, as a prince in the empire, 
 
20 
 
 S U WO ROW'S 
 
 and in the emperor's fervice, was not under the 
 command of Potemkin, was much difgufted at 
 this reprimand; and it was laid that if the courier 
 had arrived fooner, he would not have engaged the 
 enemy. 
 
 Next morning, at day-break, Suworow ordered 
 two regiments of Coffacs to pais the river, together 
 with all the Arnauts, and two fquadrons of imperial 
 huffars, to feize the camp, which the enemy had 
 abandoned on the other bank, and purfue them Hill 
 farther. This was the camp of the grand vizier 
 himfelf, and confiderable riches were found there, 
 together with the large and fuperb tent of that 
 generaliffimo, the interior of which was almoft 
 entirely of cloth of gold and filver. A few hun- 
 dred Turks were alfo found there, who were cut in 
 pieces. 
 
 A great many Turks had alfo remained in the 
 ■wood, where they imagined themfeives in fafety. 
 Prince Cobourg fent fome infantry and huffars to 
 fcour it, who killed a great many fugitives, and fired 
 at thofe who had taken refuge in the trees. 
 
 Thus terminated the viclory gained on the twen- 
 ty-fecond September, 1798, over the Ottoman 
 army, commanded by the grand vizier, at Rymnik, 
 on a field of battle five miles in extent. The Au- 
 llrians have called this vi&ory the battle of Martin- 
 efti, from a village of that name, formerly fitu- 
 ated on the Rymnik, but which then no longer 
 exifted. 
 
 The lofs of the enemy was five thoufand men, 
 who remained upon the field of battle, two thoufand 
 killed in the woods, or who died of their wounds, 
 and three thoufand drowned in the Rymnik and the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 21 
 
 Bufco ; among the latter of whom was the Reis 
 Effendi ; in all/ten thoufand men. Very few were 
 made prifoners, for the reafon already mentioned. 
 The grand vizier, in the account he fent to the 
 grand lignior, eftimated his lofs at twenty ihoufand, 
 including deferters. 
 
 The combined corps fuffered very little lofs. 
 The Auftnans had one hundred and fifty men 
 killed, fome of whom were officers, and three hun- 
 dred wounded. The Ruffians had only fifty-feven 
 men killed, among whom was one Coffac officer, 
 and one hundred and ten wounded. 
 
 They took fixty -eight pieces of cannon, twelve 
 mortars, and a quarter of the hege artillery, with one 
 hundred ftandards, and a great quantity of ammuni- 
 tion, provifions and cattle. 
 
 According to the leaft exaggerated accounts, the 
 Turkifh army confifted of from ninety to one hun- 
 dred thoufand men. The Turks themfelves efti- 
 mated their numbers at- one hundred and fifteen 
 thoufand, of which fixty or feventy thoufand were 
 chofen troops. There were three Bachas with three 
 tails, three of two tails, and many others. The 
 greater part of the troops were cavalry. The alli- 
 ed army, as was Hated above, confifted of twenty- 
 five thoufand men. 
 
 The grand vizier fled, with the remains of his 
 army, to Brahilow, where he remained about a 
 fortnight, to collecl his fcattered troops ; and, as 
 they were all for retreating beyond the Danube* 
 he was obliged to pafs that river and retreat to 
 Schumka, where he was abandoned by the greater 
 part of them. He afterwards retired to his eftate in 
 Romelia, for the benefit of his health, which was in 
 
22 
 
 SÜWOROW's 
 
 a rapid decline. His court did not punifh him for 
 having loft the battle, and he died of his diforder the 
 following year. The Serafluer Halfan Bacha, who 
 had been captain bacha, fucceeded him in his office 
 of grand vizier. 
 
 It was now propofcd to pufh the advantages of 
 this vi&ory (till farther, and the pontoons were 
 already prepared for the paffage of the Bufco, and 
 march to Brahilow ; but fortune put a Hop to this 
 project ; and certain changes in political affairs 
 caufed the two corps to feparate. Three days after 
 the battle, Suworow dined with Prince Cobourg, 
 took leave of him as of a friend whom he very 
 highly cfteemed, and went to Berlat. The prince 
 fetoff for Forhani; but foon received orders toenter 
 Wallachia. He entered Bukareft as the conqueror 
 of the grand vizier, and put his tiojps in winter 
 quarters in that province. 
 
 The taking of Bender, and Belgrade, were the 
 immediate confequences of the victory of Rymnik. 
 The firft of thefe places furrendered to Prince 
 Potentin, on the news of the defeat of the grand 
 vizier, which was brought by fome fugitives to the 
 Bacha, who commanded the place. Their lives 
 and property were granted to the garrifon, as well 
 as to the inhabitants, with permifhon to retire be- 
 yond the Danube. 
 
 Belgrade after its fuburbs had been taken by efca- 
 lade, capitulated to Field- Marfhal Laudohn, the 
 28th September, 1789. 
 
 The emperor advanced prince Cobourg to the 
 rank of neld-marfhal ; and conferred on Suworow 
 the dignity of count of the empire. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 23 
 
 The emprefs, truly fenfible of his great anc^ 
 important fcrvices, overwhelmed him with her 
 favours. 
 
 She inftantly fent him, as well as to Prince Co- 
 bourg, a fword enriched with diamonds, with a 
 branch of laurel, bearing for its device, '* To the 
 conqueror of the grand vizier." He received alfo 
 the order of St. Andrew, decorated with brilliants. 
 Thefe two prefents alone were eftimated at fixty 
 thoufand roubles. 
 
 In a fhort time after, he received the diploma of 
 count of the empire of RufTia, with the title of 
 Rymnikfki, and the order of St. Andrew, of the 
 firft clafs. By a fingular coincidence, the two im- 
 perial diplomas were executed by their refpec- 
 tive fovereigns, at Vienna and Peterfburgh, on the 
 fame day. 
 
 The officers and foldiers of both corps were 
 rewarded with appropriate favour. The former 
 received advancement, and dillinclive decoration, 
 and the latter were gratified with pecuniary recom- 
 pence. Thofe who had particularly diftinguifhed 
 themfelves, were prefented with a medal, bearing 
 the infcription of Rymnik, which they were per- 
 mitted to wear, as the ornament of their uniform. 
 
 The following letters were fent to Suworow, from 
 the Emperor Jofeph, of Germany, and the Emprefs 
 Catharine, of Rußia : 
 
 General and Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 " You may readily conceive the pleafure which 
 u the victory you obtained on the twenty-firtt of 
 " September, over the grand vizier, has afforded 
 
«4 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 44 me. I acknowledge myfelf to be indebted for 
 44 it to the rapidity of your junction with the corps 
 44 of the Prince Cobourg, as well as to your per- 
 " fonal valour, and the heroifm of the troops of 
 * 4 her majefty, under your command. 
 
 44 Receive then as a public teftimony of my 
 " gratitude, the diploma of count of the Holy Ro- 
 u man Empire, which accompanies this letter. I 
 64 moft fmcerely hope, that this hereditary title will 
 C4 always continue to preferve in your family the 
 44 memory of this glorious battle : and I doubt not, 
 44 that her Imperial majefty, from her peculiar 
 44 good-will to you, general and commandcr-in- 
 44 chief, and from friendship for me, will permit 
 4; you to except this diploma, and enjoy it. I fur- 
 44 ther defire that you will reft aifured of the high 
 44 efteem with which I am, your afre&ionate, 
 
 44 Joseph. 
 
 44 Vienna, Ottober ig, 1789." 
 
 To our Commander-in-Chief Count Suworom 
 Rymnikjki, 
 
 44 The fingular zeal which you^ave difplayed 
 Si for our fervice on various occanons ; the care 
 44 and vigilance of which you have given fuch an 
 44 example, as commander-in-chief; the uncommon 
 44 ardour, courage, and ability, by which you fig- 
 44 nalized yourfelf, in attacking, on the 22d of 
 44 September, the numerous Ottoman army, com- 
 44 manded by the grand vizier, on the Rymnik, 
 44 when you gained a complete viclory over the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. fig 
 
 <c enemy, with our troops and thofe of his majeftj^ 
 44 the Roman emperor, under the command of the 
 44 Prince of Cobourg, are fo many diftinct claims 
 " to our Imperial regard. As a teftimony of it, 
 44 we name you, according to the inftitution of 
 44 our military order of Saint George, knight of 
 44 the firft clafs of that order, and we command you 
 44 to wear the decoration which we now fend you. 
 
 46 Catharine. 
 « 4 St. Peterfourg, Holer 18, 1789." 
 
 Count Alexander Baßlowitfch. 
 
 44 The talents and intrepidity which you have 
 44 difplayed in the command of the army at the 
 44 battle of Rymnik, where you have gained a com- 
 44 plete victory over the Grand Vizier, qualify you 
 44 to receive the order of Saint George, of the 
 44 third clafs. 
 
 44 Her Imperial majefty has thought proper thus 
 44 to render juftice to your merit. I experience a 
 44 very fenfible pleafure in tranfmitting to you the 
 44 letter of her Imperial majefty, with the decora- 
 44 tion of the order, and I look forward to the 
 44 ardent zeal with which you will fly to new 
 44 exploits, for the fervice of her Imperial ma- 
 " jefty. 
 
 44 I requeft of you to be convinced of the real 
 44 efteem and fincere attachment, with which I have 
 44 the honour to be, Sec. <&c. 
 
 44 Prince Potemkin Tauritschewski, 
 ,; Cm? at Bender, Nov. 14, 1789." 
 
 D 
 
26 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 C H A P. XI. 
 
 COUNT Suworow proceeded by eafy marches 
 to Berlat, on the Sereih ; and encamped on 
 the bank of that river, near the little town of Tekut- 
 fch, where he remained fome days, and from whence 
 he fent an official report of the battle of Rymnik 
 to Peterfburg. He afterwards ordered a public 
 thankfgiving for the victory. He arrived at the 
 camp of Berlat at the latter end of September, and 
 celebrated the feftival on the firft of October. 
 
 During his abfence, Lieutentant-General Mcihe- 
 lowiz had conducted his corps to Faltfchi, where he 
 remained fome time, under the command of Suwo- 
 row. There arrived alio fome regiments of cavalry 
 and infantry, with two regiments of CofTacs, who 
 were alfo under his command, till he fent them into 
 winter quarters. 
 
 At this time, the general engaged in a very friendly 
 intercourfe with the Serafkier of Brahilow • and, in 
 order to avoid the effufion of blood between the 
 two armies, they fettled the following articles : — 
 The general agreed to give notice to the Serafkier 
 in cafe he fhould receive orders to march againft 
 him ; while the latter engaged to difplay only an 
 appearance of defence, and to furrender on certain 
 conditions. But infurmountable obftacles prefent- 
 ed themfelves, which prevented the execution of 
 this plan. 
 
 The corps of Cobourg and Suworow were en- 
 camped near to each other, on the oppofite banks 
 of the Sereth. The generals, officers, and foldicrs 
 of both, lived together in the greateft harmony, fo 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 27 
 
 that it appeared as if they belonged to one common 
 fovereign. ^ 
 
 After the fur render of Belgrade, the Prince 
 bourg had received a very confiderable reinforce- 
 ment from the Bannat; fo that, in the fpring, 
 his army was augmented to forty-five thoufand 
 men. 
 
 The dcfign~of the Auftrians was to open the cam- 
 paign with Suworow ; but as he had not received 
 orders to move, he was ftill in winter-quarters, when 
 the Prince Cobourg aflembled the greateft part of 
 his army at Buchareft ; which was in April, 1790. 
 He proceeded to Schurfch, but the hege of that 
 place being deferred, he returned to encamp at 
 Buchareft. 
 
 Soon after the capture of Bender, Haffan Bacha, 
 who was then Grand Vizier, difpatched a deputy 
 from Schumla to Prince Potemkin, to make pro- 
 politions of peace. Many couriers pafled and re- 
 paffed on the occafion ; appearances feemed to 
 announce ferious negociations ; and, it is probable, 
 that peace would have been concluded, if the death 
 of Haffan Bacha, which was accelerated by the Di- 
 van, had not difTipated that expectation : as the 
 minifters of the Porte were defirous of continuing 
 the war. 
 
 Juffuf Bacha, who had been invefled with the 
 dignity of Grand Vizier, at the beginning of the 
 firft campaign, was, in a fhort time after the death 
 of Haffan Bacha, again railed to that eminent fta- 
 tion. In the month of May, he proceeded to Rut- 
 fchuck, beyond Schurfch, with an army which he 
 had collected at Schumla, and palled the Danube at 
 the firft of thefe places. 
 
28 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 His progrefs was very flow till the end of that 
 ^month, when the fmall body of forces, encamped 
 before Schurfch, effected his paffage. The defign 
 of the Grand Vizier was to attack Prince Cobourg 
 at Buchareft; and, if he mould be fuccefsful, to 
 poffefs himfelf, not only of that capital, but of all 
 Wallachia. 
 
 In the mean time Suworow had received orders 
 to march and to form a junction with Prince Co- 
 bourg. He left behind him at Berlat two bat- 
 talions with the field-pieces, three fquadrons of 
 cavalry, two hundred CofTacs, and five hundred 
 Arnauts. The body of referve remained upon the 
 Pruth, under the command of Lieutenant-General 
 Count Melin. He went afterwards with a con- 
 fiderable body of troops to occupy a poft at 
 Tekutfch ; and Melin was relieved by Prince 
 Gallitzin. 
 
 Suworow, when he ordered his troops out of 
 winter-quarters, fixed the rendezvous at Kilieni, on 
 the oppohte bank of the Sereth, where the Aullrians 
 had conftructed bridges, about twenty miles from 
 Berlat ; and the whole corps were collected there at 
 the place appointed. 
 
 The corps confifted of four battalions of grena- 
 diers and fufileers, with their field pieces, and twenty 
 pieces of heavy artillery ; twelve fquadrons of cara- 
 bineers ; four regiments of CofTacs ; in all, fifteen 
 thoufand men, with two thoufand Arnauts. It was 
 commanded by Lieutenaut-General Derfelden, and 
 the Major-Generals Londfkoy and Pofniakow. It 
 encamped for fifteen days at Kilieni ; and was, 
 curing that time, employed in praäifing different 
 manoeuvres. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 29 
 
 About this time, Suworow received the following 
 letter from the Emperor Leopold : — 
 
 General and Commander-in-Chief. 
 
 " My Field- Marfhal, the Prince Cobourg, has 
 * 6 tranfraitted to me your letter of the 26th of 
 " March. I very highly eftimate the fentiments 
 ff which you have always entertained for his majes- 
 <6 ty the emperor, my brother, and that fince the 
 66 afflicting lols we have fuftained by his death, you 
 C; promife to preferve them for the fupport of 
 " the common caufe and for myfelf. The teftimo- 
 * nies which you give me of your zeal, afford me 
 f£ lingular fatisfaclion. Be allured, general, that I 
 " poffefs a very ardent defire to find an opportunity 
 *' to convince you of my high elteem. 
 
 " Leopold. 
 
 " Vienna, May 3, 1790." 
 
 While thefe various tranfa&ions were proceeding, 
 a large party of the Turkifh army had palfed the 
 Danube. Prince Cobourg gave inftant notice of 
 this circumftance to Suworow ; and, at the fame 
 time, requefted him to draw nearer to him with the 
 Ruffian forces. The general accordingly fet out 
 that very night, and went down the Sereth to Girnef- 
 chrie, where he remained a month. 
 
 Having received frefh intelligence from Prince 
 Cobourg,who announced that the Turks were in full 
 march, and that they had already fent numerous 
 parties into the interior of the country, the troops 
 were inftantly in motion, made ten miles in two 
 days, and encamped at Refipeni on the Bufeo. 
 
go su wo row's 
 
 They fuffcred very much during this march ; the 
 very hot weather having dried up all the brooks. 
 Mefarofch, the Auftrian quarter-mafter-general, was 
 encamped, with a fmall body of troops, to the right 
 of the Ruffians. 
 
 Suworow had been fome time in this pofition, 
 when Colonel Fifcher arived, (i ith Auguft) charged 
 with a letter from Prince Cobourg, and a verbal 
 melTage which he had not time to write. By this 
 difpatch, the general was informed that the Grand 
 Vizier had palled the Danube with the greater part 
 of his army ; that his advanced guard appeared at a 
 few miles from Schurfch ; and that there was every 
 appearance that the Ottomans would very fhortly 
 make their attack. 
 
 Suworow immediately gave his orders, and, in 
 three days, he had encamped at Afumaz, two miles 
 from Prince Cobourg, at Bucharcft, and eighteen 
 from his laft pofition. The day after his arrival, he 
 paid a viht to the Prince, who returned with him 
 to Afumez, where they arranged the neceflary 
 difpofitions. 
 
 The Ruffians and Auftrians, always animated by 
 the fame fpirit of union and goodwill, were delight- 
 ed at being again united ; and pofTefTed the common 
 ardour to continue the career of duty and glory to- 
 gether. The Turks, however,* had called in their 
 advanced guard, as well as all their parties. 
 
 The Grand Vizier, Jufiuf Bacha, who was at 
 Schurfch, had been informed of the junction of 
 Prince Cobourg w T ith Suworow. At the very mo- 
 ment when a peafant gave him this unexpected intel- 
 ligence, he was occupied in forming the plan of an 
 attack, which he meditated againil the Aullrians : 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 3 t 
 
 and letting the pen fall from his hand, he exclaimed, 
 " What is now to be done !" 
 
 The troops, commanded by the Prince Cobourg, 
 confided of forty thoufand men, Germans and Hun- 
 garians. There was alfo fome fmail detatchments, 
 diflributed in different parts of Wallachia, which 
 might very readily be collected, fo that his army 
 might be faid to confift of fifty thoufand men in a 
 high date of difcipline. It would have been, there- 
 fore, a matter of difficulty or doubt, to have driven 
 the Turks from Schurfch, and to penetrate into 
 Bulgaria. 
 
 But the face of affairs was almod inftantly chang- 
 ed. Ina few days after the junction of the two ar- 
 mies, Colonel Fifcher, arrived at Suworow's camp 
 with the intelligence, that anarmiltce was agreed up- 
 on at Reichenbach, which checked all farther ope- 
 rations, and delivered the Grand Vizier, from his 
 perilous (ituation. 
 
 On the following day, the. generals of the allied 
 armies bid adieu to each, with every mark of regard 
 and regret. 
 
 Suworow now paffed the Bufeo to return to Ki- 
 lieni, where he had already been, and remained 
 there till the end of September. From thence he 
 palfed the Sereth, having thrown a bridge of boats 
 over that river, and encamped at Marimeni, at five 
 miles from Galaz. 
 
 While he was at Kilieni, Prince Potemkin wrote 
 to him, requeuing a particular conference. Suwo- 
 row conjectured the object of it, and fent him the 
 following anfwer: — " The flotilla of row-boats 
 " will get pofiedion of the mouths of the Danube ; 
 " Tulcia and Ifaccia will fall into our power ; our 
 
. 3* su wo row's 
 
 " troops, fupported by the veflels, will take tfmai- 
 " low and Brahilow, and make Tfchiftow tremble.'* 
 
 In facl, a very fhort time after, Admiral Ribas 
 entered into the branches of the Danube with the 
 flotilla, gained different advantages over the Turks, 
 and took Tulcia by efcalade. 
 
 The light troops formed the advanced polls in the 
 vicinity of Galaz : neverthelefs, the fmall Turkifh 
 velfels continued to pafs between that place and 
 Brahilow, without the lead interruption. One night 
 however, there appeared to be a combat between a 
 great number of thefe boats, the caufe and nature 
 of which the Ruffians could not comprehend. An 
 officer, therefore, was detached, with four chaloupes 
 belonging to the Arnauts, and it was foon difcover- 
 ed that a number of Chriftian prifoners, to the 
 amount of a hundred of both fexes, having made an 
 attempt foefcape, they were purfuedand cannonaded 
 in their flight by the Turks. The captives, howe- 
 ver, were delivered, and fix large Turkilh chaloupes 
 taken. 
 
 Suworow orderded thefe chaloupes to be armed 
 with a few pieces of artillery, and frequently manceu- 
 vered.. He then ordered entrenchments to be form- 
 ed on the bank, and ftrengthened with foldiers and 
 artillery. When they were completed, he took up 
 his quarters there, with two battalions of grenadiers 
 and tufileers ; and from thence maintained a conti- 
 nual communication with Major-General Ribas. 
 General Derfelden remained with the reit of the 
 troops at Marimeni. 
 
 About this time, Suworow received the following 
 letter, from Prince Cobourg, as a monument of the 
 reciprocal regard which was entertained by thefe 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 33 
 
 warriors. General, 44 I mult quit you on Friday 
 
 44 next, to take upon me my new command in 
 44 Hungary ; and no circumftance of my departure 
 44 is fo afflicting to me, as my feparation from fuch 
 " a worthy and ineftimable friend. 
 
 44 I know how to value your elevated charafrer • 
 u our friendfhip has been formed by circumftances 
 44 of the greateft importance ; and, on every occa- 
 " fion, I have had reafon to admire you as a hero, 
 44 and to cherifli you as a man. 
 
 44 Judge, then, yourfelf, my incomparable maf- 
 " ter, of the regret I fuffer in feparating myfelf 
 44 from a man, who has fo many claims upon rny 
 " particular regard and attachment. You alone 
 44 can confok me, by preferving that affe&ion with 
 44 which you have already honoured me : and I 
 44 proteft to you, that frequent affurances of your 
 44 friendfhip are abfolutely necefTary to my hap- 
 " pinefs. 
 
 M I cannot bear the thought of taking a perfonal 
 " leave of you, and in the avowal of this fentiment, 
 " I appeal to thofe of your own breaft. I moft 
 " folemnly declare, that I feel for you the moil 
 " ardent friendfhip, and I trufl: that you will grant 
 M me the continuation of yours, which has been, to 
 " the prefent moment, the delight of my military life. 
 
 64 Beafluredof a return of my moft laftingacknow- 
 " ledgements. You will ever be the molt cherifhed 
 " friend that heaven has granted me : for no one 
 64 has an equal claim to the high regard with which 
 11 I am your excellency's 
 
 " Moft humble fervant, 
 
 44 Pr. Cobourg "' 
 44 Buckareß, 13 October. 17..0. 
 E 
 
34 su wo row's 
 
 Soon after the account of the taking of Tulcia, 
 Suworow had the fatisfaclion to learn, that Admiral 
 Ribas, the brother of the general of that name, had 
 made himfelf mafter of Ifaccia. During the opera- 
 tions of the attack, the Chriftians and Jews, who 
 had made an attempt to quit the place, were efcort- 
 ed by the Turks, to Brahilow. 
 
 At the fame time General Muller befieged Kilia, 
 where he received feveral wounds, of which he un- 
 fortunately died. This place was moft vigoroufly 
 befieged, during three weeks ; but a breach being 
 effected, it furrendered on capitulation to Lieute- 
 nant General Sudowitfch, who was immediately ad- 
 vanced to the rank of commander-in-chief. 
 
 In the beginning of November, Suworow made 
 his approaches to die important fortrefs of Ifmai- 
 low. Admiral Ribas, in a few weeks after, arrived 
 with his flotilla, and not a day palfed without an en- 
 gagement. The Turks had about a hundred and 
 fifty veflels with oars : and Ribas had about a 
 hundred, with feventy chaloupes of Tchrnomer. 
 He very frequently gained considerable advantages, 
 even under the very cannon of the place. He burn- 
 ed or took at leaf! one half of the enemy's veflels, 
 and loft a very few of his own. 
 
 At length, the advanced Mate of the feafon, and 
 unfortunate weather, obliged him to raife the liege ; 
 and the land-forces retired from before Ifmailow, 
 to enter into winter quarters. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 C H A P. XII. 
 
 THE troops were already on their march, when 
 General Suworow received an order, from 
 Field Marfhal Prince Potemkin, to repair from 
 Galaz to Ifmailow, and to take the place at all 
 1 zards. 
 
 He was perfectly aware of the great danger and 
 rifk of fuch an enterprize, from the advanced flate 
 of the feafon ; nor did it appear probable that any 
 t! ing decifive could be accomplished againfl: fo 
 ftrong a place ; and which the Turks regarded as 
 impregnable, from its numerous garrifon. Never- 
 thelefs, he inftantly obeyed the command which he 
 had received. 
 
 He made all the neceflary difpofitions for this 
 extraordinary undertaking, and arrived on the fe- 
 cond day at Ifmailow, which is twenty miles from 
 Galaz. 
 
 Admiral Ribas remained with his flotilla, on his 
 former ftation, on the Danube. He alfo fortified 
 an IGand over againfl; Ifmailow, where he hadeftab- 
 lifhed batteries, from which he annoyed the town 
 with bombs, and oftentimes fet it on fire. The 
 Ottoman fleet had been fo much weakened, that it 
 dared not venture on an engagement, but kept its 
 pofition in the harbour, and under the prote6tion of 
 the place. 
 
 All the different corps, which he had ordered 
 with the utmoit expedition from different parts, were 
 collected at their appointed rendezvous, before If- 
 mailow, within four days after the general himfclf 
 had arrived there. 
 
36 su wo row's 
 
 His army, by fea and land, confided of twenty- 
 three thoufand men, one half of which were Coflacs; 
 among whom were a great number of fick, on ac- 
 count of the bad feafon. The horfes alfo had but 
 a fmall portion of forage. Befides, the weather be- 
 came extremely cold, fo that the foldiers were obli- 
 ged to cut the reeds, which grow in that marfhy 
 country, to ferve as fuel. 
 
 Without lofmg a moment, the general ordered 
 forty fcaling-ladders, and two thoufand fafcines, to 
 be inftantly prepared on the fpot, while parties were 
 difpatched to get them from other places, where 
 they had been previoufly commanded. In the mean 
 time the troops were exercifed, during the night, in 
 the ufe and application of them. 
 
 He not only reconnoitered the place himfelf, with 
 the moft minute attention, but ordered all his gene- 
 ral officers to do the fame : in order that in every 
 divifion, there might be a commanding officer, com- 
 pletely qualified to direct the columns in the pro- 
 jected affault. The Turks, at firft, difcharged a few 
 cannon at the reconnoitering party, but without 
 'effect; and they did not even make one fally to in- 
 terrupt them. 
 
 As foon as the firft obfervations had been made, 
 Rcifchoff, major-general of artillery, and Prince 
 Charles de Ligne, an Auftrian engineer, caufed 
 batteries to be erected on the two wings, during the 
 pight, thirty or forty toifes from the town. For 
 want of heavy fiege artillery, which had been before 
 lent to Bender and Kilia, thefe batteries were only 
 mounted with twelve pounder field-pieces and licor- 
 nes, making in the whole, forty pieces of cannon, 
 which was all the field artillery they pofTefTed. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 37 
 
 The erection pf thefe batteries was only a mad;, 
 to make the Turks believe the town would be 
 befieged in a regular manner, and to prevent them 
 from fufpefting a fudden fcalade. During this firlt 
 night they did not in the leaftdifturb" the workmen. 
 Zalotuchin was polled under the battery to the 
 right, with the Fanagor regiment of grenadiers ; and 
 general Kulufow under that to the left, with four 
 battalions of the corps of Buch cha (fours. At 
 break of day the batteries began to play upon the 
 town, and were anfwered by a very quick fire, 
 though without doing much mifchief. 
 
 The town of Ifmailow, which is a mile in circum- 
 ference from the Danube round to the water again, 
 and ftretches half a mile along the bank of the river, 
 has eight baflions. The ramparts are, in general, 
 three toifes high, and in fome places four ; the moat 
 is fix or feven toifes deep, and halfway beUveen the 
 polygons of Bender and of Brock was a fauffe-braic, 
 or falfe trench. Thefe were all the internal works, 
 and near the town was a chevalier in (tone work, 
 which might hold fome thou fand men. The fide 
 next the water was defended by ramparts and hori- 
 zontal batteries. 
 
 The Ruffian army lay in a fem i -circular form, 
 half a mile from the town. Some of the troops 
 were ftill nearer, but were obliged to move to a 
 greater diftance, becaufe they were annoyed by the 
 heavy cannon. Thefe troops formed a fegment 
 of a circle, of about three miles from one part of 
 the river to the other. 
 
 The Rear-Admiral Ribas was inceflantly cannon- 
 ading the place, and the remains of the Turkilh 
 flotilla, which made but a feeble return to his fire. 
 
33 
 
 6 V WO ROW'S 
 
 He approached the town two (Jays before the afiault, 
 and burned or funk almoft all the {hubs that remain- 
 ed. He only loft a brigantine, which blew up with 
 two hundred men on board. 
 
 The Serafkier Auduflu-Bacha, an old warrior, 
 who had twice refufed the dignity of Grand Vizier, 
 had the command in Ifmailow. The troops of the 
 garrifon, which were under the orders of feveri 
 fultans, conhfted of forty-three thou land men, near- 
 ly half of whom were Janilfaries, eight thoufand 
 cavalry, various corps who had come from fevcral 
 fortified towns that had furrendered by capitulation, 
 as Chorin, Ackerman, and Palanha, and a part of the 
 garrifon of Bender, and that of Kilia. Thefe troops 
 had been left there as a punifhment, and it has been 
 fince learned, that the Grand Seignior published a 
 firman forbidding this garrifon to furrender on any 
 cafe whatever ; and ordered the Serafkier, if they 
 mould not perform their duty, to cut off the heads 
 of thofe who mould be found beyond the Danube, 
 without form of trial. Thus there was every reafon 
 to believe the Turks would defend thcmfelvcs to the 
 laft extremity. 
 
 On the 9th of December, Suworow fent a let- 
 ter of Prince Potemkin to the Serafkier, to which 
 he added a few lines from himfelf, to induce him 
 to furrender ; to which the Serafkier replied, by a 
 long Arabic letter, in a very bombaftic ftyle, the 
 fubftance ©f which was, that he advifed the Ruffians 
 to retreat. 
 
 ;i As the feafon being bad and far advanced, they 
 " would be in want of all kinds of neceffarics ; 
 whereas the town was abundantly provided ; or, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 39 
 
 " if not, lie demanded a delay of a month, to com- 
 " rnunicate With the grand vizier." 
 
 The next day, an officer, who fpokethe Turkifh 
 language tolerably well s was fent into the town, and 
 had an interview with a bim-bacha; who told him, 
 in their oriental ftyle, that, " The Danube would 
 *' ceafe to flow, or the heavens bow down to the 
 ct earth, before Ifmailow would furrender to the 
 u Ruffians." 
 
 Suworow, however, determined to make one 
 more effort ; and therefore fent a note to the Se* 
 rafkier, in which he gave him his word of honour, 
 that unlefs he hung out the white flag that very day, 
 the place would be taken by afFault, and all the garri- 
 fon put to the fword. 
 
 Many of the Ottomans were difpofed to furren- 
 der, but the Serafkier, who was of opinion to run 
 all rifks, had the majority of voices with him. He 
 therefore returned no anfwer to the note. Suwo- 
 row, the fame day, affembled a council of war, 
 where the fubalterns voted firft. He addre fled them, 
 as he did afterwards all the corps, in a very manly 
 and energetic fpeech. Having pointed out to them 
 the difficulties of the enterprize, and the means of 
 furmounting them, " Brave warriors," faid he, 
 <; remember this day all your former victories, and 
 *' continue to prove, that nothing can refift the 
 i4 force of the Kuffian arms : we are not now deli- 
 M beiating on an operation, which may be defer- 
 * ; red to a future time, but on the taking a place of 
 " importance, the poffieffion of which will decide the 
 " fate of our campaign, and which the haughty Ot- 
 " tomans believe impregnable. Twice has the 
 f Ruffian army already laid Gege to Ifmailow, and 
 
40 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 46 twice it has retreated from it. This third 
 4i time nothing remains for us, but to conquer, or 
 " to die with glory." The general found his army 
 full of refolution, his fpeech (till farther enflamed 
 the zeal of his brave troops, and their accuftomed 
 valour now encreafed to enthufiafm. 
 
 With this fpirit was the affault of Ismailow agreed 
 to and decided. 
 
 Suworow now received a difpatch from Prince 
 Potemkin, with difpatches, representing, " That if 
 " he was not certain of fuccefs, it were better not 
 44 to rifle the affault to which Suworow replied 
 in a few words ; " My plan is fixed. The Ruffian 
 " army has already been twice at the gates of Ifmai- 
 " low, and it would be fhameful for them to retreat 
 " from them a third time, without entering the 
 " place." 
 
 In the evening, forne o^the Coffacs had defert- 
 ed 3 and gone over to the enemy ; and the report of 
 this incident had not been immediately brought to 
 the general's quarters. The Turks, as was after- 
 wards learned, at firft intended to make a flrong fal- 
 ly, againft the two batteries, with eight thoufand 
 janiffaries, and four thoufand fpahis, and to attack, 
 with two thoufand Tartars, the general's quarters, 
 which, according to Suworow's cuftom, was defend- 
 ed with but a fmall guard. This fally would have 
 been fatal to the beliegers, efpecially on account of 
 their artillery, which confided of no more than a 
 few field-pieces. Fortunately, however, the affault 
 commenced very early in the morning, and put an 
 end to that project. The Turks, however, were not 
 attacked unawares ; and a great part of thegarrifon, 
 who had been under arms all night, were upon the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 41 
 
 ramparts. It is probable, therefore, the informa- 
 tion given by the deferters had roufed the vigilance 
 of the enemy. 
 
 Suworow a&ed the more wifely, in accelerating 
 the execution of his plan, as had he poftponed the 
 aflault a fingle day, he muft perhaps have renounced 
 it altogether ; for in the evening after it took place, 
 a thick fog arofe, which made the ground very 
 flippery, and it would have been impofiible to 
 mount the ramparts ; an obftacle which it would 
 have continued throughout the winter. 
 
 To lull the Turks in fecurity, and make them 
 believe the befiegers were in want of ammunition, 
 they very rarely fired the guns of the batteries, and 
 of the fleet, during the night preceding the aflault. 
 All the meafures, however were taken, and the 
 orders given for the operation. All the befiegers 
 were ready ; and Suworow pafied the night by the 
 fire fide, with fome officers of his fuite, in an impa- 
 tient vigilance for the hour when the fignals were to 
 be given. 
 
 At three in the morning the firft mufket was 
 fired, which was the fignal to prepare for the af- 
 fault. 
 
 The fecond was at four which was the fignal to 
 form. 
 
 And the third, at five, which was the fignal to 
 aflault. The -fix columns of land troops, and the 
 three columns of the fleet, inftantly approached the 
 town. 
 
 On the right flank of the land-troops, were three 
 columns, under the command of Lieutenant-Gene- 
 ral Potemkin 5 and the three columns, on the left, 
 were commanded bv Lieutenant-General Samoilow. 
 
 F 
 
4Z 
 
 s u wo row's 
 
 The fleet of galleys, and that of Tfchornomor, 
 were under the command of Rear-Admiral Ribas, 
 and the whole was directed by the General-in Chief 
 Count Suworow, who had placed himfelf in the 
 centre, with a part of his ftaff between the columns, 
 in order to fee every thing, and to give his orders 
 with facility. 
 
 The firfl column, commanded by Major-General 
 Lewow, confided of one hundred and fifty arquebu- 
 fiers, a battalion of chafieurs from White Ruflia, 
 and two battalions of Fanagor grenadiers ; the body 
 of referve confifted of tw T o battalions of the fame. 
 The fecond column, commanded by Major. General 
 Lacey, conhfted of one hundred and fifty arquebu- 
 fieurs, three battalions of Catharinoflaw Chafiers ; 
 and the body of referve, of the fourth battalion of 
 the fame corps. The third column commanded by 
 Major-General Maknob, confifted of one hundred 
 and fifty chaffeurs, three battalions of Livonian 
 chafieurs, and two battalions of Twuitz mufket- 
 eers, as a body of referve. The fourth and fifth 
 were commanded by the Major-General of the day, 
 Count Befborydko ; and the one confifting of two 
 thoufand five hundred Coffacs, from the Don, with 
 a body of referve of five hundred, and the other of 
 five thoufand Coffacs, (new recruits,) with a body 
 of referve of one thoufand Arnauts. Thefe two 
 columns had beiides two battalions of Polofki 
 fufileers 
 
 The fixth column, commanded by Major-Gene- 
 ral Kotufow, conliltcd of one hurrtfred and twenty 
 arquebuners, three battalions of Buch chaffeurs, 
 and a body of referve of two battalions of Cherfon 
 grenadiers. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 43 
 
 The cavalry were pofted a furlong from the town, 
 under the cannon of the fortifications. On the 
 right wing were fix fquadrons of Sewer carabineers, 
 and two regiments of Don Coflac; on the left, ten 
 fquadrons of of Woroni huffars, and two regiments 
 of Don Coffacs. 
 
 The Coffacs of the fourth and fifth columns, who 
 were to make the affault, were all on foot, and moft 
 of them had reduced their pikes to five feet in length 
 in order to ufe them with the more eafe in the con- 
 fufion of the attack. 
 
 The firft column on the Danube, which was under 
 the command of Major-General Abfenief, confifted 
 of two battalions of Nicolaevs grenadiers of marines, 
 one battalion of chaffeurs, and two thou fand five 
 hundred Tfchornomor Coffacs. They were placed 
 on board a Brigantine, two floating batteries, three 
 double chaloupes, thirteen lanfons, and fifteen boats 
 from Tfchornomor. The fecond column which, 
 was under Hetman Tfchipecka, confifted of two 
 battalions of Alezeopol mufketeers, two hundred 
 Dneprow grenadiers of marines, and one thoufand 
 Tfchronomor Coffacs. They had one hundred and 
 thirty-five pieces of cannon and a mortar, as well as 
 the firft column, and were ftationed on board the 
 fame number of veffels. The third column under 
 the orders of Major Markow, of the guards, confift- 
 ed of two battalions of the Dneprow grenadiers of 
 marines, two battalions of chaffeurs from White 
 Ruffia,one battalion of Buch chaffeurs, and one hun- 
 dred Tfchornomor Coffacs. The body of referve 
 confifled of four tranfports, carrying twenty-four 
 pounders, and one hundred Tfchonomor boats, in- 
 tended to difembark the regulars, having one or two. 
 
44 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 cannon on board ; making together one hundred and 
 fifty vefTels. The total of the artillery on board 
 was five hundred and fixty-feven pieces of cannon, 
 and twenty mortars. 
 
 Among the troops that were embarked were 
 Prince Charles de Ligne, Colonel Duke de Fronfac, 
 afterwards Duke de Richlieu, and Count Langeron : 
 Count Valerian Zubow, colonel and adjutant of the 
 Emprefs, commanded the two battalions of grena- 
 diers in die firft column. 
 
 The weather, which throughout the night, had 
 been clear and ferene, became gloomy and foggy till 
 nine in the morning. All the columns marched 
 againll: the town in the belt order, and in the 
 greatefl filence ; and the turks did not fire a gun till 
 the Ruffians were within three or four hundred paces 
 of the town ; when ihey were faluted with a'very 
 quick fire of cafe-fhot, which did great mifchief. 
 
 They now approached the deep moat, where the 
 water was in fome places up to the moulders, threw 
 their fafcines into it, pafled over them, and raifed 
 their fcaling-ladders againft the ramparts, fome parts 
 of which were fo high, that it was neceffary to faften 
 two ladders together, although five toifes long; 
 and as in many places the befiegcrs could not do this 
 with fufneient expedition, they aflifted each other, 
 and with equal alertnefs and addrefs, climbed to 
 the top of the ramparts by means of their bay- 
 onets. 
 
 The arquebufiers of each column were on the 
 edge of the moat, from which, notwithflanding the 
 darknefs of the night, they took aim, whenever the 
 fire of the artillery permitted them, at the Turks 
 who defended the ramparts. The troops were now 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 45 
 
 advanced from every fide towards the principal 
 points, and General Laccy, \\ ho had the fecond 
 column, was the firft on the rampart foon after fix 
 in the morning. The Brit and third columns were 
 to have fupported him, but were retarded ; and the 
 firft in particular was greatly embarraffed. Thus 
 Lacey was very clofely prelTed; for although his 
 troops had already drawn the Turks from the para- 
 pet, they had to encounter feven thoufand men, 
 who with drawn fabres, hindered them from advanc- 
 ing any farther. Soon after the two columns, that 
 followed, came up with him. 
 
 The firft was guilty of a terrible miftake; after 
 having cleared the ditch, it came to a chain of very 
 ftrong palifades, which extended to the banks of 
 the Danube : this they leaped over, and pafling 
 another ditch behind them reached the ramparts. 
 The grenadiers of Fanagor took the firft baftion, 
 but, on attacking a ftone platform, which was be- 
 tween the firft and fecond baftion, without orders, 
 they fuftained a very great lofs. Colonel Zalotu- 
 c*hin now called them from the platform, to take the 
 fecond baftion : when General Merknob received a 
 mortal wound, and Colonel Kwaftow took the com- 
 mand of his column. 
 
 The RuiTians performed wonders ; though, in 
 confequence of this inconhderate attack, they had 
 greatly fuftered; and the Turks, by a fally of eight 
 or ten thoufand men accompanied with women 
 armed with poniards, made great havock among 
 them : at length, however, reinforcements arrived, 
 the enemy was driven back, and the Ruffians pofteif- 
 ed themfelves of the fecond baftion. But as every 
 baftion had a magazine of powder under it, a ftrong 
 
4 6 
 
 SUWOROV/'s 
 
 guard was inftantly placed to prevent the troops 
 from being blown into the air. The Ruffians at 
 length alfo, after a bloody conflict, got poiTeffion of 
 the poft of Bender and the bridge, and, though molt 
 vigoroufly attacked, retained their pofition. 
 
 Day now began to appear ; but during the night 
 the reciprocal advantages, which were gained by 
 the hoftile parties, were known by the exclamations 
 of Huzza ! on the fide of the Ruffians, and Allah ! 
 on that of the Turks. 
 
 At the fame time that the columns of troops 
 proceeded againft the place by land ; the columns 
 of veffels, being informed of the movement, by die 
 di fc harge of a rocket proceeded by water to the 
 fame object. They advanced, under a conftant 
 fire, in two lines. The firft cpnfifted of a hundred 
 boats of Tfchornomor, full of troops appointed to 
 make a defcent. The fecond line was compofed of 
 brigantincs, floating batteries, double chaloupes, 
 and other veffels ; and as they approached, the fire 
 of the Turks encreafed. Among other batteries 
 on the water fide, they poffeffed a work, which, 
 though it had but little elevation, was extremely 
 itrong, being defended by eighty-three pieces of 
 cannon ; the greateft part of a large calibre, together 
 with fifteen mortars and a howitzer, which difcharg- 
 ed five hundred pounds weight of ball. 
 
 The fire from the mortars of the fecond line, 
 covered the cannonade of the firft ; and when they 
 had both come within two hundred paces of the 
 fhore, the fecond line divided, and placed itfelf 
 upon the two wings of the firft ; by which manoeuvre 
 thewhole was thrown into a femicircle. Th^ Turks 
 made a moft determined oppofition during an hour 5 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 47 
 
 but, as it was night, no mifchief was done : a few 
 Ruffian veffels alone fufFered, and at feven in the 
 morning the defcent was effected,, 
 
 At eight, the Ruffians were matters of the plaGe 
 on the fide of the water, as well as on that of the 
 land. The affiault was then at an end, and the con- 
 tell commenced in the interior of the town, in the 
 ftreets, and in the public fquares. Nor was there 
 an open fpot where men could engage that was not 
 the fcene of combat. The Turks defended them- 
 felves with the molt defperate courage and availed 
 themfelves of the windows to annoy their inva- 
 ders. 
 
 There remained only to be taken one large (lone 
 platform, very ftrongly fortified, and feveral chanas, 
 iione buildings, conltrucled with great Itrength, 
 which were filled with people, and defended by 
 cannon. Though defended with a molt obftinate 
 courage, they were all taken, with prodigious 
 (laughter. 
 
 The unfortunate Serafluer, Anduflu Bacha, hav- 
 ing retired into one of thefe chanas with two thou- 
 fand of the flower of his Janiffaries, and feveral 
 pieces of cannon, thought himfelf fecure from all 
 danger. But nothing was impregnable before the 
 bold defigns of Suworow, and the dauntlefs rapidity 
 of his foldiers. The Seiafkier and his people, at 
 length found all defence vain, and therefore furren- 
 dered to the Ruffians. As he wore a rich poniard 
 in his girdle, a chaffeur, eager after plunder, endea- 
 voured to feize it, when a Janiffary flood forth as 
 the proteclor of his fallen mafter. The Ruffians 
 immediately fell upon the pri (oners, malfacred the 
 great dl part, and the Serafkier among them. 
 
48 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 The ftreets of Ifmailow being in general very 
 narrow, the general had not fuffered the cavalry to 
 enter the town. The land-troops, therefore, as well 
 as thofe which had difem barked from the mips, 
 penetrated by degrees, to the centre of it, combating 
 as they proceeded with fmall bodie's of Turks, who 
 defended themfelves with the utmoft bravery, and 
 retreated only Hep by dep. 
 
 In the afternoon, General Lacey arrived, in the 
 middle of the city, with three battalions of chafleurs, 
 and fell upon about one thoufand men, almoft all 
 Tartars, and armed with long pikes. Thefe Tar- 
 tars were difnaountcd, and had precipitately retreat- 
 ed into an Armenian convent, furrounded with 
 thick walls. He immediately attacked it, and broke 
 open the doors with Itis artillery, and entered it. 
 The young Machfut Gheray Sultan, defended him- 
 lelf bravely with his troops ; and, after a long 
 engagement, with only three hundred men remain- 
 ing, and without any hopes of relief, he laid down 
 his arms, afked for quarters, and was taken prifoner, 
 with the reft of hi* people. 
 
 The Coflacs of the fourth and fifth columns, who 
 had, at the fame time, entered by the gates of Ben- 
 der and Kilia, having advanced into the city, were 
 affailed in the great fquare, by a fuperior number 
 of the enemy, and were completely cut off. But 
 they were foon fuccoured by a battalion of Buch 
 chafleurs, to which were added fome Tfchornomor 
 Coflacs, who attacked the Turks in the rear, and 
 defeated them after an hour's engagement. 
 
 Kablan Gheray, brother of the Khan, the braved 
 of the feven fultans, who were ftationed at Ifmailow, 
 and the fame who had performed fuch prodigies of 
 
campaigns* 49 
 
 valour at Sclaurfch, againft the Auftrians, ordered 
 an alarm to be beat, affembled his troops, and hat 
 tened to the market-place, in the centre of the town, 
 with about two thou fand Turks and Tartars, who 
 were foon joined by a ilill more numerous body of 
 the enemy, together with a considerable body of the 
 cavalry. The fultan charged the Tfchornomor 
 Colfacs in the moft defperate manner, to the 
 found of the Afiatic mulic, killed feveral, threw 
 them into diforder, and took two pieces of cannon. 
 Immediately a reinforcement arrived, confiding of 
 Coffacs, a battalion of chafieurs, and two battalions 
 of grenadiers of marines. The fultan was furround- 
 ed ; at the fame time the combat continued with 
 fury, the Ruffians recovered and purfued their ad- 
 vantagesj andthe Turkifh cavalry and the Janiffaries 
 were deftroyed with redoubled blows of pikes and 
 bayonets. The fultan himfclf feil, and nearly four 
 thoufand men remained upon f he fpot, after the 
 maflacre of an hour, when fcar^ely five hundred 
 Ottomans efcaped ; who furrendered themfelves 
 prifoners. 
 
 The ttone platform ftill held out. During the 
 laft engagement, Ribas came to attack it with two 
 battalions of grenadiers of marines, one battalion 
 of chafieurs, and one thoufand Tfchornomor Cof- 
 facs, This platform, or cavalier, was occupied by 
 the Meaphis, or governor, of Ifmaiiow, with above 
 two thoufand Janiffaries and other infantry, and 
 fome pieces of cannon. It held out a long time, but 
 having fcarcely any hopes of fuccefs, knowing that 
 all around him were defeated, and fearing perhaps 
 to (hare the fame fate, he would not puih matters 
 
 G 
 
50 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 to extremities, and furrendered, together with his 
 troops. Ribas rcllorccl to this governor his fabre 
 and other arms. 
 
 I here now remained to be taken only a very 
 Arong chana, about a werft from the chavalicr, and 
 the rampah. Ribas alio took upon himfetf this 
 commiihen, and became matter of it, alter a very 
 ihort engagement, as alio a few hundred men, who 
 had fled thithen 
 
 At two in the afternoon the land-troops and ma- 
 rines occupied the centre of the city ; upon which 
 Suworow caufed four fquadronc of caribineers, four 
 iquadronsol hufTars,and two regiments of Coflacs, to 
 enter the two wings, by the gates of Brock and Ben- 
 der, in order to clear the ftreets, where a few of the 
 enemy might remain difpei led. In their road they 
 cut down feveral Turks, who ftill poffefTed the def- 
 perate raflmefs and folly to defend themfelves. The 
 cavalry afterwards difmounted ; and, with fword in 
 hand, fought for thofe, who concealed themfelves. 
 They gave quarters to all thofe who furrendered 
 themfelves prifoners. 
 
 Alter a b.oody aflauk of which hiftory affords 
 no example, the victory of the Ruffians was com- 
 plete, and they were abfoltne matters of Ifmailow 
 by four o'clock, P. M. This terrible defence, 
 made by fo many thoufänd Turks, had the appear- 
 ance of rage and fury ; and even women fell upon 
 the Ruffian foldiers with poniards and other wea- 
 pons. All the Ruffian commanders ran to meet the 
 danger with the molt heroic valour, and the foldiers 
 fought like lions. They were engaged during fix 
 hours, without caring for the fuperiority oi the 
 enemy, whom they attacked without ceafmg. 
 
GAMP AIGNS. • 51 
 
 and who inceflantly furrounded them with new 
 parties. No exertions could arrefl. their indefa- 
 tigable activity ; no danger ditturbed their in- 
 flexible intripiditv. Here we mould retail the 
 numerous acts ot bravery and heroiim, which de- 
 fcrve the admiration of mankind, if the limits of 
 our plan would admit of giving a more extenfive 
 account of thisaflault. We (hall confine ourfelves 
 to obferving that, fome days after, feyeral of the 
 Ruffian officers ßiuddered at the fight of the abyfTes 
 they had paßed in the night, and the deep heights 
 they had fcaled. Thofe among them, who had been 
 at the taking of Oczakow, could not compare the 
 two actions; and all agreed that the taking of Iftnai « 
 low was the moft illuftrious monument of Ruffian 
 glory. 
 
 Thefe fame warriors, who, ten hours before, 
 were waiting in filence for the iignal of an uncertain 
 and formidable conteft, now faw the bodies of their 
 enemies heaped at their feet, and their arms bathed 
 in a deluge of blood, that filled the Itreets and pub 
 lie fquares. The calm of viclory foon fuccceded to 
 the fury of the battle ; and order was reftored at the 
 voice of their commanders, who remained. Several 
 battalions of grenadiers and Coffees, who had loft 
 half their officers, were commanded by thofe of the 
 fufileers and chaffeurs. 
 
 Guards were polled at various parts of the city, 
 and alfo upon the ramparts. A battalion of Fana- 
 gor grenadiers formed the principal guard, in the 
 market-place ; a few battalions were Rationed on 
 the ramparts ; ftrong guards were ported at the 
 gates, powder-magazines, crofs ways, churches, and 
 mofques ; and patroles were ordered to' go their 
 
5 2 sü wo row's 
 
 rounds through all the flreets. Suworow appoint- 
 ed Major-General Kotufow commandant of If. 
 mailow. 
 
 Firing, however, was heard throughout the night, 
 and even till the next morning, becaufe many Turks 
 remained difperfed in the mofques, houfes, cel- 
 lars, and barns. Many of thefe were killed, but 
 the greater part furrendered them fei ves prifoners. 
 
 The town being taken by afTault, the foldiers 
 were permitted to plunder during three days, as 
 had been promifed ; a fcene which could not pafs 
 without frefh bloodhhed, becaufe many of the Turks 
 preferred lohng their lives to parting with their 
 property. 
 
 Suworow informed Prince Potemkin of the vic- 
 tory, by this Spartan epiftle : " The RufTian 
 " colours wave on the ramparts of Ifmailow." The 
 prince was, at that time, at Bender, where the 
 cannonading was diftinclly heard. 
 
 Lieutenant-Generals Potemkin and Samoi'low 
 met Suworow, before Bender, at the gate, where 
 they all three difinounted, cordially embraced 
 and congratulated each other on this important 
 victory. 
 
 The next day a folemn feftival was celebrated 
 on the occafion, at the church of the convent of 
 St. John ; the heavy artillery, that had been taken 
 was fired from all the ramparts, and all the generals 
 alhfted; together with the greater part of the ftaff 
 and fuperior officers. They congratulated and em- 
 braced each other on all fides, with tears of joy ; 
 and every one conlidered both his own life and that 
 of bis friend as a gift of heaven : for every one 
 attributed it to a peculiar favour of Providence, 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 
 
 53 
 
 that he had efcaped To many danger?, and had not 
 fhared the fate of die numerous warriors, who had 
 purchafed the viftory with their lives. Several 
 perfons al fb appeared who were fuppofed to have 
 been killed the night before. 
 
 After divine fervice, Suworow went to the prin- 
 cipal guard, where his Fanagor battalion was pofted, 
 paid a tribute of well merited praife to that troop, 
 which had fo much diftinguifhed themfelves for 
 their bravery; and then rendered the fame juftice, 
 andexpreffed the fame gratitude, to all the other 
 corps, both officers and foldiers, to whole valour he 
 was indebted for the taking of Ifmailow. 
 
 The official report, to be fent to the court, was 
 now prepared, and enquiry was made to difcover 
 the number of thofe who had fallen during the af- 
 fault. The great quantity of thofe victims was ap- 
 parent, not only from the declarations of the pri- 
 soners, but from the ruins of thehoufes in the ftrects, 
 public fquares, and upon the ramparts. 
 
 In this one dreadful day, the Ottomans loft, by 
 the fuperiority of the Ruffian arms, though their 
 numbers were far inferior, thirty-three thou fand men 
 killed, or dangeroully wounded; and about ten 
 thöu fand, as well bachas and officers, as foldiers, 
 were taken priioners, amons; whom two hundred 
 Tartars., Six thoufand women and children, two 
 thoufand Chrifdans of Moldavia and Arminia, and 
 above five hundred Jews mull be added to the num- 
 ber. 
 
 Among the dead were fix fultans, the Serafkier, 
 and a bacha of Arnauts, both with three tails ; the 
 the two governors of Kilia and Akerman, a bacha- 
 
54 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 commandment, an aga of Janizaries, and about 
 firty-bimbachas, topfchi-bachas, and others. 
 
 Among the prifoners, were the Sultan Machful- 
 Gharay, the governor of Ifmailow, who was a 
 bacha of three tails and feveral other bachas. 
 
 On the part of the Ruffians, the lofs, according 
 to the official report, conti (f ed of one thou fand 
 eight hundred and thirty killed, among whom were 
 four hundred Fanagor grenadiers, and two thoufand 
 five hundred wounded. 
 
 Among the killed were a brigadier, and tixty- 
 five fupcrior and ftaff officers, who were chiefly cut 
 down with the fabre : among the wounded were 
 three major-generals, (one of whom, namely Mek- 
 nob, died foon after,) and two hundred and twenty 
 fuperior and ItafF officers. 
 
 Although it was now the dead of winter, it be- 
 came indifpcntibly neceffary to take precautions, to 
 pt event this unexampled heap of dead bodies from 
 occafioning epidemical diforders, and even the 
 plague. Hence, the ten thoufand prifoners were 
 employed in carrying off the bodies of their country- 
 men, and of their horfes ; and as pits could not be 
 dug quick enough, on account of the earth being 
 frozen, they were all thrown into the Danube, 
 and the whole bufinefs was completed in the courfe 
 of fix days. 
 
 The Ruffians attended to the interring their own 
 dead, which was done without the city, according 
 to the cuftom of their church. Many officers, 
 whofe bodies were not mangled, and who therefore 
 were recognized, were placed in the cemetry, and 
 Brigadier Ribopierre received funeral honours, in 
 the church of the convent of St. John, near Gene- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 55 
 
 ral Wei Aman, who had been buried there in the 
 firlt war with the Turks. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, that of fo large a gar- 
 rifon, as that oflfmailow, only one man efcaped. 
 Being fiightly wounded, and having fallen into the 
 Danube, he accidentally caught hold of a plank, 
 on which he reached the oppofite bank. It was 
 this man that carried the grand vizier the firft news 
 of the lofs of the town. 
 
 The riches captured there were of great magni- 
 tude and importance, and the foldiers made a con- 
 iiderable booty. 
 
 The Ruffians found two hundred and thirty-two 
 pieces of cannon, including thirty two guns, on 
 board eight lanfons, which were the only remains of 
 the rowing veffels. Excepting ten iron guns, all 
 the reft were brafs, moftly of a great calibre, cul- 
 verins, mortars, and howitzers. 
 
 There were alfo many large and fmall magazines, 
 with a connderable quantity of powder. 
 
 A quantity of bombs and balls, which were not 
 weighed. 
 
 Three hundred and forty-five ftandards, almoft 
 all ftained with blood, of which two were Sainjack, 
 great banners of the governors of Bender and If- 
 mailow, of which there are but five in the Ottoman 
 empire; the fuperb and unique great banner of the 
 khan of the Tartars ; feven rich Burfchuks, or hor- 
 fes tails ; and the foldiers had taken feveral others. 
 
 Two hundred and fifty Itandard poles : moft of 
 the ftandards, which were of a rich ituff, embroid- 
 ered in gold and filver, having been torn off by 
 the foldiers and the Cofiacs, for girdles, or trophies, 
 and many lolt. 
 
56 
 
 s u worow's 
 
 A great flock of barley, with which the Turks 
 feed their horfes, and a large quantity of hay ; flour 
 for the whole turkifh army, for fix months ; a 
 great deal of dried, fmoked, and fait meat ; and a 
 vaft number of horned cattle. 
 
 P Coffee, tobacco, rice, fu gar, and abundance of 
 all kinds of provifions, befides a great riches in the 
 (hops. In addition to thofe belonging to Ifmailow, 
 which is a town of brifk trade, a great deal of pro- 
 perty had been removed thither, from the towns 
 that had capitulated ; as, for inftance, Kilia, Cho- 
 rin. Akerman, and Bender. 
 
 About ten thou fand horfes, many of which were 
 uncommonly beautiful, together with a g»eat quan- 
 tity of very rich trappings. 
 
 Laflly, the total value of the riches found at 
 Ifmailow, was eftimated at ten millions of piaftres. 
 
 Suworow who was inacceiTible to any views of 
 private inter eft, abftained according to his cuftom, 
 from appropriating to himfelf the fmalleft article; 
 he did not even take a horfe. Satisfied with the 
 glory he had gained there, he departed from Ifmai- 
 low as thither he arrived. 
 
 Two days alter this capture Rear-Admiral Ribas 
 gave a great dinner on board the fleet, and fired a 
 fa I ute from alt the guns. Lieutenant-General Po- 
 temkin, alfo gave a dinner the next day, at which the 
 young Sultan Machfut-Gheray, and the governor of 
 ifmail ow were prefent. They feenied pleaicd, and 
 took part in the entertainment, without iuffering it 
 to appear, whether their gaiety was the efled of 
 furprife, difiimulatjon, or intenhbiUty. 
 
 As foon as the dead were carried off, and the 
 ftrcets cleared, ail of which had ferved as fields of 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 57 
 
 battle, arrangements were made for the departure 
 of the troops, and the removal of the prifoners, who 
 were efcorted by a regiment of Coffacs, that was 
 going into Ruffia to winter quarters, by Bender. 
 Suworow gave the command of this efcort to a 
 lieutenant-colonel of his fuite, who was inftrucled to 
 take care every one mould be treated with a humane 
 attention. 
 
 To reduce this numerous efcort, and the embar- 
 raflment of watching fo many prifoners, Suworow 
 permitted the officers to chufe and keep fuch of the 
 prifoners of both fexes äs fuited them, engaging at 
 the fame time, in writing, to provide for their main- 
 tenance and fupport, and to treat them with kind- 
 nefs. 
 
 A week after the taking of Ifmailow, the general 
 fet off for Galaz, with his regiment of Fanagor 
 grenadiers, and the reft of the troops of which his 
 corps was compofed ; excepting the fick and 
 wounded, for whom an hofpital had been immediate- 
 ly eftablilfied, within the town. General Kotufow 
 remained there as commandant with his four bat- 
 talions of Buch chaffeurs, two regiments of infantry, 
 and four regiments of Don Colfacs. The other 
 corps drew off towards Bender to go into winter 
 quarters. 
 
 Shortly before the affault, an Auftrian officer 
 brought a letter from the Emperor Leopold to 
 Suworow j but he laid it afide without allowing 
 fumfelf time to read it, fo entirely was he engroffed 
 with his arrangement for the attack. This was the 
 emperor's anfwer to a complimentary letter from 
 Suworow on his coronation. He alfo received, 
 
 H 
 
58 su wo row's 
 
 icon after his arrival at Galaz, a letter from his 
 friend the Prince of Cobourg, exprefhng the greater! 
 pleafure at this great victory, and pointing out the 
 great importance of the capture of Ihnailow to the 
 houfe of Auftria: an oblervation which was foon 
 confirmed by the imprefhon this news produced at 
 Siftow, where the conferences were interrupted for 
 Several days, and occafioncd by this event the 
 greatcfl confufxon. 
 
 The emperor's letter was to the following efFecl; : 
 
 44 My dear Count Suworow, 
 14 I lhall ever remember the important fervices you 
 44 have rendered to my houfe in the courfe of the 
 44 war, which is now about to terminate. I was 
 46 the more affected by the contents of your letter 
 46 of the eighth of this month, as I am convinced of 
 44 the fincerity of ftntiments, and your attachment. 
 44 Be allured, that on my part I lhall contemplate 
 14 with pleafure every opportunity of demonftrat- 
 46 ing the difhnguifhed regard with which I am, 
 64 your's, affectionately, 
 
 (Signed ) 44 Leopold." 
 
 Vienna, November 25, 1790. 
 
 In the month of January, 1791, Suworow went 
 to Peteiiburg, where the empreta received him with 
 the molt diltinguiihing marks of fatii faction. Soon 
 a'rer his arrival, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 
 oi the Preobralcheniki guards, and the emprefb 01 
 dered a large medal to De {truck in gold and in filver, 
 in commemoration of the important victory, which 
 the general had obtained. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 59 
 
 CHAP. XIII. 
 
 HIS JOURNEY TO THE FRONTIERS OF SWEDEN. 
 
 THOUGH the King of Sweden had, in the 
 preceding year, figned a treaty of peace with 
 RufTia, yet the war with the Turks not being yet 
 terminated, the minifters of foreign powers endea- 
 voured to ftimulate Sweden to a rupture with Rul- 
 fia. Their endeavours, however did not prove 
 fuccefsful. 
 
 Suworow, who was appointed to the command 
 of the troops in Finland, received from the hands of 
 the empreis orders to infpect the fronders of that 
 province, and to furnifh a plan of fortification. In 
 lefs than four weeks he returned, gave in his re- 
 port, and foon after fet off again to fuperintend 
 the works of which he had himfelf fuggefted. 
 
 The prince of Naffau-Seigen, chief admiral of 
 the fleet, Rationed off the coafts of Finland, had 
 obtained permiflion from the emprefs to go and join 
 the French princes on the Rhine, to ferve again ft 
 the French revolution. At his departure, therefore, 
 Suworow had the command both of the fleet and 
 of the land-forces. 
 
 They amounted together to twenty-five thoufand 
 men. The fleet confined of eight rowing frigates, 
 fix chebecs, a bomb veffel, a yach% one hundred 
 gun boats, and nine floating batteries ; carrying in 
 all eight hundred and fifty guns. They were com* 
 manded by Admiral Travenoy, and Major-Ge- 
 neral Herrmann. 
 
 In 1791 and 1792 a part of this fleet wintered in 
 
6o 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 the fouthern ports, and the reft in the new port of 
 Rotfchow-halm, on the frbhtiers of Sweden. But, 
 during the fummcr, a fleet of vefTels failing came to 
 cruife in the offitig of thofe feas, and a part of the 
 fquadron of rowing vefTels kept in more. 
 
 The great tower of Neufchlott happening to blow 
 up fhortly after the peace with Sweden, and Suwo- 
 row being appointed to take meafures for repairing 
 it, he fubftituied in its place a large baftion calculat- 
 ed for horizontal fire. 
 
 He erecled on the banks of the Kymen, which 
 wafhes the frontiers of Sweden, the fmall redoubts 
 at Parla and at Utti, the forts of Oitinoi and Likola, 
 and the fprtrefs of Kymen-Gorord. The latter 
 covered towards the land, the fine harbour of Rot- 
 fcherfhalm, which is formed of feveral iflands, and 
 is not commanded on any fide. Thefe ifles are well 
 Fortified ; and on a fand-bank, at fome diftance in 
 the lea, w hich is remarkable for its ftone tower, 
 called Gloria, there are fixty cannon of very large 
 calibre; and the harbour in all parts is defended by 
 nine hundred pieces of artillery, of different fizes 
 and conftruöion. 
 
 When Suworow returned to Peteriburg, the 
 emprefs faid, on receiving him, 4; You have made 
 " me a prcfent of a new port." But her imperial 
 majefty did not confine her munificence, in acknow- 
 ledging the zeal of her fubjecis, to Haltering expref- 
 fiqns, calculated as they were to inflame it. 
 
 Peace was concluded with the Turks in Decem- 
 ber, 1791, by Count Befboreldo at Jaffy. Prince 
 Potcmk.n had died in the vicinity of that place a few 
 months before. 
 
 By this treaty of peace the Porte ceded to Ruffia 
 
CAM? AI GN3. 
 
 the important town of Oczakow, and all its diftricr, 
 to the DniefLer. This loi's was very fevcrely felt 
 by the Grand Seignior ; who far from expecting 
 to make fuch a facrifice, had flattered himfclf with 
 the hope of retaking the Crimea. 
 
 But, as it too often happens, though peace was 
 made, the embers of war were not extinguifhed. 
 They were kept alive by the humiliating reflections 
 of the Divan ; while the court of France hoped to 
 blow them into a flame, by the infinuations of its 
 minifler Semonville, who-promifed the Forte, for 
 the nex year, a large fleet, and a confiderable body 
 of troops. 
 
 It was therefore, necefTary that Rurlia mould take 
 meafures for the fecurity of its new frontiers. Su- 
 worow was accordingly difpatched thither, at the 
 end of the year 1792, and received the command 
 of the troops in the three governments of Catherino- 
 flow, the Crimea, and the province lately conquered 
 to the mouth of the Dniefler. He eftabliftied his head- 
 quarters at Cherfon, where he remained for two 
 years. 
 
 During his refidence there, he received the fol- 
 lowing letter from the emprefs, on account of the 
 rejoicings made for the peace. 
 
 Count Alexander Bafdozoitfch. 
 
 " The day on which the peace is celebrated, 
 " recalls to us your fignal icrviccs and exploits. 
 <; We accordingly preient you with a diploma, 
 " figned by our own hand, which contains an enu- 
 
 rneration of the different acls of zeal, and of valour 
 * ; by which you have conftantly diftingiiifhed your- 
 
62 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 cs felf in the courfe of your long and glorious career. 
 t<r In teftimony of our confidence in your difcern- 
 " ment and equity, we tranfmit to you a military 
 " order of St. George, of the fecond clafs, with 
 " which you may decorate him whom you fhall 
 " judge moft worthy of it, from his bravery and 
 ? his talents 
 
 " At the fame time, we fend you a ribbon of 
 c; your order, and a ring, as tokens of our Imperial 
 " good-will. 
 
 " Catharine." 
 Peterfiurg, Sept. 7, 1793." 
 
 The ring and the ribbon, which was enriched with 
 diamonds, were valued together, at fixty thouiand 
 rubies. 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 WAR IN POLAND IN 1 794. 
 
 FROM 1792 to 1794 no political events called 
 fourth Suworow to lignalize him felf by military 
 exploits : an interval during which he enjoyed the 
 fwcets of repofe, at Cherfon, on the utrnolt borders 
 of the Ruffian empire towards Turkey. Yet to 
 him this repofe was but another fpecies of aclivity, 
 though fomewhat lei's fatigued than the ftormy occu- 
 pation of war. He often reviewed the troops 
 under his command, and made them go through 
 their various manoeuvres ; he traverfed the Cimca 
 to infpctl the fortifications of that province, and to 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 63 
 
 put the frontiers in a refpeclable date of defence ; 
 and, in the fpring, diftributed over that country a 
 part of the troops, which had pafled the winter in 
 the interior of Little Ruflia, and on the confines of 
 Red Ruffia. 
 
 At the fame period, all the fleet, which was at 
 his difpofal, and commanded by Rear-Admiral 
 Ribas, weighed anchor, in order to cruife off the 
 mouth of the Danube. Suworow went to Cherfon, 
 and infpecled the new fortifications, ere6ted under 
 the direction of Colonel de Bolant, in the provin- 
 ces recently conquered from the Turks, oppofite 
 Bender, and on the banks of the Danube and the 
 Black Sea ; and had the fatisfa&ion to fee that great 
 progrefs had been made. He Itayed feveral weeks 
 at Oczakow, and intended frequently to renew 7 his 
 vmts to the frontiers, had not his prefence been fpee- 
 dily required to a diftant fcene, where the power of 
 his arms was not lefs renowned. 
 
 After the Pohlh confederation of the third of 
 May, 1791, a fecond, as is well known, took place, 
 at Grodno, under the protection of the Empreis of 
 Ruffia, and the King of PrulTia. In April, 1793., 
 at the clofe of this congrefs, the Ponih troop* dil- 
 perfed over the Ukraine, entered into the iervice 
 of Ruffia, and were divided under the commands of 
 various Ruffian commanders. Thtfe troops, the 
 General-in-Chief Prince Dolgoruckow, and Count 
 Ivan Saltikow had fucceiiively under their comm. id 
 in Red Raffia. At firft they conducted themfclves 
 in a peaceable manner, although there wa> 1 Je 
 ground to rely on their dociliiy ; but when the 1 - 
 furreftion of Poland broke o-u at Crakow, and 
 Warfaw became the tjaeatr^ of io many bloody 
 
64 
 
 SÜWOROW'S 
 
 fcenes, their fatal influence fpeedily manifefted itfelf, 
 and at length a mutiny broke out among them in 
 the beginning of April, 1794. / 
 
 The light-horfe regiments of Zitomir and Con- 
 ftantinow were in the environs of Norvoi Mirgo- 
 rod, and amounted to nearly fif teen thoufand men. 
 Tfaey took up arms during the night, penetrated into 
 the general's quarters, feized the ftandards and 
 drums, and then fled to Bialacre. Only three hun- 
 dred and forty men, together with e 11 their officers, re- 
 mained behind. Major-General Dafkow harangued 
 them, and kept them to their duty : the reft purfued 
 their way as far as the Polifh frontiers, and joined 
 the infurcents in Lithuania. 
 
 A few days after Bolinfki's brigade of cavalry, 
 which was fifteen thoufand men flrong, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Kaminiezki, followed their example. 
 They marched off with their brigadier, and all their 
 officers, traverfed Jambol, Moldavia, the Auftrian 
 line, and Gallicia, without meeting with any obfta- 
 cle, and effected a junction with General Kofciuzko 
 near Crakow. The fame conduct was alfo fpeedily 
 adopted by Brazlaw s brigade, which was at Pikow. 
 There now only remained a few men, with molt of 
 their officers: ail die reft m . by Polefce into 
 Lithuania, and there was every reafon to fetr, the 
 remainder of the Pohfh troops migltt be equally 
 difpofed to dclert. 
 
 Sohikow had indeed distributed among; them va- 
 rious Ruffian corps which were under his orders ; 
 but when the greater part of the Ruffians, under 
 the command of Lieutenant-Geneial Derfelden, 
 marched into the interior pf Poland, there remained 
 no farther means of retraining thefe troops. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 65 
 
 Towards the middle of the following May, Suwo- 
 row received orders to proceed, by forced marches, 
 into Red Ruliia, with a corps of fifteen thoufand 
 men, and to difarm all the Polijh iroops in that 
 province ; Count Soltilkow being ordered to do the. 
 fame in that of Ifiafiaw, to prevent their junBion 
 with the reif. Suworow's corps comifted of thirteen 
 thoufand men, and he was furnifhed with field pie- 
 ces, behdes thofe belonging to the regiments. 
 
 He now took meafures to difarm and difband, as 
 fpeedily as poliible, all the Polifh troops ; and for 
 this purpofe gave the following orders to the gene- 
 rals under his command. 
 
 ift. The commanding officers of the Ruffian 
 troops, (hall march at their head, to the ffations 
 pointed out,- 011 the fame day, viz. the 26th of May; 
 when they approach the Polim troops, they fliall 
 difpofe themfelves, that the former lhall neither 
 make their efcape, nor receive fuccour. 
 
 ad. They mail immediately caufe the Polifh 
 troops to be affemblcd in their quarters, mufter 
 them, and afk them, man by man, which of them 
 choofes to remain in the fet vice, or to quit it • after 
 which they lhall perfuade them peaceably to deliver 
 up their arms; and that others lhall be distributed 
 to thofe who are willing to remain in the fervice of 
 Rufiia. 
 
 3d. It fhall be declared, that the arrears of pay 
 lhall be difcharged, as foon as the hits are made up,, 
 
 4th. Pafiports fhall be given to the foldiers, who 
 (hall demand their difcharge, but as to the officers 
 who win to quit the fervice, a lid of them fliall be 
 given to the general-in-chief, who (ball communis 
 
 I 
 
66 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 cate it to the college of war, from which their pafl- 
 ports mall be lent. In the mean while, provilion- 
 ary paffports fhall be given, to enable them to re- 
 turn home, on condition of not leaving their places 
 of abode until they (hall receive thofe of the col- 
 lege of war. 
 
 5th. Thofe who wifh to continue in the Ruffian 
 fcrvice, fhall be incorporated in other regiments, 
 and efcorted to the place of their deftination. The 
 commanding officer of the efcort, fhall be com- 
 miiiioned to provide for their maintenance and fe- 
 cunty. To relieve the efcort, it fhall be recom- 
 mended to thofe who are poffeffed of horfes, to fell 
 them ; and carriages fhall be hired to tranfport their 
 baggage. 
 
 6th. As foon as the lifts of men, who choofe to 
 continue in the fervicc, and thofe who choofe to be 
 difbanded, are made up, they fhall be fent to the 
 commander-in-chief. 
 
 7th. The fame qucftions fhall be put to thofe, 
 who, not having been born under the dominion of 
 Ruffia, are in the Ruffian fervice; and thofe who 
 choofe to be difcharged, fhall be efcorted to the 
 place of their deftination,, till their paffports are ex- 
 pedited at the college of war. 
 
 8th. In cafe of refiftan.ee, the greateft firmnefs 
 mutl be employed. Thofe who give room to fuf- 
 pect them, fhall be fent to Charkow, of which the 
 commandant of the place Shall be apprifed. 
 
 9th. The commander-in-chief fully relies on the 
 prudence and activity of the various commanding 
 officers, and authorifes them to modify or change, 
 according to their judgment, the neceffary difpofi- 
 tions, and recommends them to inform him, day 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 67 
 
 by day, of the execution of the prcfent or- 
 ders. 
 
 All the troops fet forward, the fame day, from 
 different points. Suworow was at the head of the 
 column that marched from Balta, towards Titeow. 
 He had under his command General Schewitfch, 
 the General Iflinief, and Brigadiers Lewafchow 
 and Ifeiow. His corps confifted of ten battalions, 
 ten fquadrons, and eight hundred CofTacs, with a 
 company of artillery, and twelve pieces of cannon. 
 Major General Lewafchow marched along die left 
 bank of the Dniefter, diftributed the eight hundred 
 Coflacs along the cordon, from Jaorlik to Mohilow, 
 to cut off' the retreat of the defcrters, and with two 
 battalions aud fix fquadrons, difarmed iix compa- 
 nies of Polifh artillery at Thomafpol, and at Kre- 
 ma, fifteen miles from Balta. Brigadier Stahl with 
 two battalions and ten fquadrons, marched to the 
 light from Oliopol to Szmila, Czyrkas, Lifianka, 
 and Bohuüaw, where he fucceffively difarmed near- 
 ly one thoufand men of cavalry and infantry, and 
 one thoufand five hundred in the latter place, who 
 formed the brigade of Neftrow. 
 
 The factious party were defirous of affembling 
 at Titeow, in order afterwards to retreat to Bialace- 
 reteu. This re-union, which was to take place two 
 days later, was prevented by the fpeedy arrival of 
 the Ruffians, as their leaders afterwards declared. 
 
 On approaching Titeow at day-break, Suworow 
 fent forward General Iflinief into the city with ten 
 fquadrons, and followed him with the red of the 
 troops. Iflinief entered with his fabre in his hand, 
 and made himfelf mailer of the principal guard. It 
 confifted of one hundred men, who immediately 
 
su wo row's 
 
 laid down their arms ; arid the reft, who were at 
 different polls, or diftributed in the environs, 
 amounting to one thousand men, furrendered witte 
 in three days. The Ruffians treated the brigadier 
 and other officers with friendly attrition. 
 
 There had been detached^, on the preceding even- 
 ing, and there were lent, that very day, from Titeow, 
 ieveral divitions under the command of Schewitfch 
 F6lemariow, and Ifei'löfa, to difarm the PolifTi 
 troops at So';olovv t!;n, Rufchin, and Pohrobize. 
 Colonel Count Elmpt remarried at Titeow, with 
 two battalions and a fqüadron to occupy that place 
 and terminate this operation. Suworow marched 
 the next day agairtfft CHodafka^ where the brigade of 
 Podoli was di farmed in the fame manner as at Tite- 
 ow. Pie Haid there fonrie days, wailing the return 
 of the detachments, by which his corps was extreme- 
 ly weakened. In the mean while, all the reports of 
 the officers under his command announced the com- 
 plete (accefs of the meafure. 
 
 Leaving Colonel Prince Schakhoffkoi with two 
 battalions, a few CofTacs, and all the field-artillery, 
 at Oiodarka, he marched eight miles farther with one 
 thoufand cavalry, who had joined him, to Bialace- 
 retcu, where was the brigade of Bnieperow, 
 which was the molt turbulent and at the greatelt 
 diftance. It confdted of one thoufand (even hun- 
 dred men. Before he marched, he received advice, 
 that they were inclined to fly. Pie therefore order- 
 ed the regiment of huffars, of Oleopol, to watch 
 them, fo that they were unable to efcäpe ; and, in 
 the fpace of two days, they were cKiarmed without 
 refi fiance. 
 
 Tims were eight thoufand men difarrned, within 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 09 
 
 a circuit of nearly one hundred and fifty miles, in 
 lefs than a fortnight, without effufion of blood. 
 Soon after, Count ]oan Soltikow was equally fuc- 
 cefsful in difarming the two brigades which had 
 remained in the government of Ifiafiaw. Some 
 of the officers defired to be continued in the Ruffian 
 fervice ; but moft of the foldiers, after receiving 
 their pay, returned with paflports to their homes. 
 
 When this meafure was completed, Suworow 
 diftributed his troops in various places at Thomaf- 
 pol, on the Dniefler, at Czeczelnik, Titeow, and 
 Bohuflaw, to maintain the public tranquillity, and 
 to keep the provinces, newly conquered from the 
 Turks, in fubjection ; the intentions of the Porte 
 not being perfectly clear. The greater part of his 
 corps pofted itfelf under the waUs of Niemerow, 
 whither he went himfelf, after having fettled every 
 thing at Biala-Cereltew, where he caufed many ma- 
 noeuvres to be performed. 
 
 Before he returned to Biala-Careltew, he paid a 
 vifit to Ficld-Marfhal Romanzow, at his eftate of 
 Tafchan, near Kiow. Here Suworow wept as he 
 embraced the grey-haired hero, under whole com- 
 mand he had fo often fought, even at the time when 
 he was lieutenant-colonel. He dined with him, and 
 they did not feparate till after a convei -fution of fe- 
 deral hours relative to the peculiar fituation of Po- 
 land and the genera! ftate of affairs. 
 
7° 
 
 Si; wo row's 
 
 C H A P. XV. 
 
 T^ROM the time of the Polifh infurre&ion at 
 A Cracow, and of the bloody battle ol Warfaw, 
 when the Ruffians, after a conliderable lofs of men, 
 had retired to join the PrufTians at Zakrorzim, va- 
 rious detachments of Ruffians had fkirmifhed and 
 engaged with the Polifh infurgents at Cracow and 
 Sandomir with alternate fuccefs. At Zakrorzim, 
 the Ruffians and Pruffians gained a great battle 
 againft Kofciuzko. Under the walls of Schelm, 
 Lieutenant- Geneal Derfelden gained an important 
 victory over Saconfchick,and took a great many pri- 
 foners with a part of his artillery. At Wilna the 
 Poles haci the advantage. Many parties of them 
 advanced into Com land, the whole country was in 
 a Hate of infurre&ion, and the high roads unfafe. 
 The Pruffians, commanded by the king in perfon, 
 and the Ruffians, under Lieutenant-General Baron 
 de Ferien, were continuing the liege of Warfaw ; 
 and. as the troubles were fpreading more and more, 
 every thing feemed to indicate that the war would 
 be prolonged for years. 
 
 Circurnftances requiring more vigorous mea- 
 furcs and more rapid operations, Suworow re- 
 ceived orders to march with as many troops as he 
 could colics, and to advance into the interior of 
 Poland. In confequence of this he immediately 
 fent the neceflay orders to the various commanding 
 oHlccrs.of detachment. He appointed Warkowiz, 
 on tfce hew frontiers of Poland, as the rendezvous 
 o fair the (e corps; and, as prudence did not per- 
 mit him to leave thofe provinces wholly without 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 troops, according to the plan of reform adopted, 
 he left in cantonments eight battalions, ten fquad- 
 rons, feven hundred Coflacs, and fix field-pieces, 
 under the orders of Lieutenant General Dunin, and 
 General Lewafchow, and fet out from Niemerow on 
 the 14th of Auguft, 1794. His whole corps then 
 confiftedof eight thoufandmen, under Generals Po- 
 temkin, Schewitich, Iflinief, and brigadiers Po- 
 lemanow, Stahl, and Ifei'ow. 
 
 To roufe the courage of the foldiers to be prefent 
 at every point where his prefence might be neceffary, 
 and to afford an example to the officers, Suworow 
 thought it his duty to divide with them the fatigues 
 of the march. He performed it always on horfe- 
 back, and till they arrived at Warfaw, he did not 
 once enter a carriage. 
 
 On die eighih day his corps arrived at Warkowiz, 
 forty two miles from Xiemerow ; the reft, which 
 had let out from various points, arrived there the 
 following day. His corps halted there two days, 
 partly to reft themfelves after fo long and rapid a 
 march, partly to repair their baggage-waggons, and 
 principally to bake a month's provißon of bread, 
 becaufe from that place they would not meet with 
 any magazines. 
 
 The corps arrived in fix days at Kowel, which is 
 eighteen miles from Warkowiz. IncefTant rains 
 had made the roads extremely bad, and rendered 
 the fords of the rivers difficult to pais. Some 
 Coflacs had, however, been fent forward to render 
 the paffage more practicable. At this time they 
 received news of the here of Warfaw bein^ raifed 
 on account of the infurrcction of South Prutfia, 
 whither the king was fending his troops. General 
 
72 SÜWOROW's 
 
 Ferfen, who had feparated himfelf from him, endea- 
 voured to gain rhc right bank of the Viftula. Ge- 
 neral Burhawqien made a junQion with him at 
 Kowel at the head of his corps, as did that <rf 
 General Markow, which wa pofted four miles far- 
 ther, forming together (even battalions and twenty- 
 two fqnadrons, with eight field-pieces. Thus 
 Suworow's corps amounted to twel ve thou fand 
 men ; one quarter of which were neceftary to co- 
 ver the baggage and fupply the various detach- 
 ments. 
 
 He now received advice that the Polifli General 
 Sirakowfki was under the walls of Cobrin, and 
 therefore immediately began his march, without 
 beat of drum or found of trumpet, ordering the 
 foldiers not even to fing, but to prefervea profound 
 filence. 
 
 The next morning at day-break the Coffacs of 
 the vanguard met the fir ft party of Poles, confuting 
 of two hundred horfe. An engagement enfued, 
 and very few of the Poles efcaped. The Ruffians 
 took twenty-five prifoners, including an officer, and 
 the reft were cut in pieces. 
 
 This affair took place near the fmall town of 
 Divin ; from the inhabitants of which the Ruffians 
 learned, that, at Kobrin, four miles further, there 
 "were fiye hundred Folifti infantry and cavalry. 
 Some prifoners who were, at the fame time, brought 
 in, epprirmed the fad, and added that this corps was 
 Sirakowfki's va n guard. 
 
 The generals were of opinion to temporize a lit- 
 tle longer that they uaight procure more certain 
 information ; but Suworow, who is an enemy both 
 to d-l.tys, which often prove dangerous, and to 
 
CAMP AIGNS*. 
 
 73 
 
 detachments of patroles, which are more calculated 
 to give information to the enemy than to difcover 
 them, determined to march directly agamft Kobrin, 
 and only deferred his departure a few hours to re~ 
 frefh the horfes. 
 
 Li the evening he went to the camp of Brigadier 
 Ifei'ow's Colfacs, which was half a mile within the 
 woods, where he had a converfation with him, 
 and took a fhort repofe on fome ftraw before a 
 fire. 
 
 The Coffacs to the number of eight hnndred, fct 
 forward at midnight. Brigadier Stahl followed them 
 with ten fquadrons of horfe chaffeurs to iupport 
 them ; the reft of the cavalry followed at fome dd- 
 tance, and after them the infantry. Suworow's in- 
 tention, in cafe of meeting with Sirakowfki's corps 
 under the walls of Kobrin, was immediately to 
 charge them with pikes and fabres, without waiting 
 for the arrival of the infantry. 
 
 He now went forward with Ifei'ow and a party of 
 Coffacs from the Don, and arrived at night at 
 an inn kept by fome Jews within a mile of Kobrin. 
 Here they difmounted, and made various inquiries 
 relative to the news of the country, and the number 
 and delcription of the troops at Kobrin. " It is 
 - faid," replied the Jews, " that Sirakowfki's 
 " corps confifting of 20,000, has marched from 
 " Brzefcia, and are expected to-morrow. A party 
 " of cavalry and of infantry are already arrived on 
 " the other fide of Kobrin." Thither Suworow re- 
 ibt ved immediately to march ; and attack them at 
 day-break. He, therefore, immediately lent for- 
 ward the Coffacs, who accordingly got light of the 
 
 K 
 
74 su wo row's 
 
 fires of the Poiifii camp, lb as to he ahle nearly to 
 appreciate their ftrength. The Coflacs loon met 
 the advanced pofts, who challenged them ; but, 
 alter the third call, and the fir ft priming being fcarce- 
 ly burnt, the Coflacs fell on the Poles with lb much 
 lury that they fearcely knew where they were. 
 The enemy had three hundred men cut in pieces, 
 and loft fixty-fivc prifoners. About fifty men only 
 e leaped. By fix o'clock the engagement was over ; 
 and, at nine the infantry arrived. 
 
 Notwithftanding Suworow's defire to advance, he 
 was obliged to Hay at Kobrin, to make fome indif- 
 penfible repairs, and to wait the arrival of the 
 bread and baggage waggons. He accordingly fuf- 
 fered his troops to take fome reft. The next even- 
 ing an officer of Collacs took a Polifh cavalier, who 
 declared, 44 that Sirakowfki had arrived within two 
 44 miles of Kobrin, near Krupezize, with a. body 
 " of fixteen thou fand men, and that it was his inten- 
 u tion to penetrate much farther; that he expected 
 " indeed, to meet with the flying troops of General 
 44 BUrhawdeh and De Markow in the environs, but 
 44 that he ftill imagined Suworow to be near War- 
 44 kiowiz, and that he had only learnt his true march 
 44 when he arrived at Krupezize." 
 
 The Ruffians palled that night on the look-out 
 under Kobrin, having behind them their baggage 
 covered by Cöflacs, together with the regiment 
 of Smolenfki. At night a rumour prevailed that 
 the enemy had attacked them, which appeared the 
 more probable as the Pules were in great numbers at 
 feveral points. 
 
 Suworow waited for their arrival ; but as they did 
 not appear, he marched againft them before break 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 75 
 
 of day to the diflance of a mile, where he found a 
 very advantageous pofition, which was calculated to 
 draw them on. It was a plain with a gentle declivi- 
 ty. On one fide of it ran a river, which the enemy 
 muft pafs. His intention, therefore, was to fuffcr 
 them to approach, and then to drive them into the 
 river. In the mean time the army halted a few 
 hours ; but, the Poles not appearing, Suworow 
 determined to prefs them Mill clofer. The Coffacs 
 advanced, and here and there encountered Polifli 
 horfe belonging to the advanced polls, with whom 
 they fkirmifhed. They brought in fome prifoners, 
 who faid that Sirakowfki had at firft intended to 
 attack the Ruffians, but that his corps occupying a 
 very advantageous pofition behind the marfiies, and 
 being covered by five batteries, he determined to 
 wait for their attack. 
 
 The whole corps, therefore, began to march, paf- 
 fed the little river of Muchavez, and at nine o'clock, 
 was but half a mile from the enemy. The Coflacs 
 repulfed the advanced polls as far as the village of 
 Perki. The columns ranged themfelves on a line ; 
 the cavalry and infantry approached the points which 
 Suworow had marked out for the attack, and the 
 enemy's batteries began to play. The fire of the 
 Ruffians foon (ilenced fome Polifli pieces of cannon 
 which were mounted in a houfe in the front of the 
 marfh. The fir ft bombs thrown into this houfe 
 fet it on fire, and the enemy haftejned to withdraw 
 their cannon by a bad bridge which croifed the 
 mar Hi. 
 
 A part of the Polifli cavalry retreated to the right 
 towards a very thick wood, as if to take the Ruffians 
 in flank. To prevent this, v Suworow detached 
 
7 6 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 General Iflinicf with Pereiaflaw's regiment of chaf- 
 feurs ; but he was unable to crofs the marfh. The 
 Polifll cavalry returned to join this corps, and 
 Iflinicf in like manner wheeled about. 
 
 A cannonade then began on both fides. The ene* 
 my imagined they could not be attacked while 
 lituated behind the marfh, which was two hundred 
 paces broad, of confidcrable depth, and terminated 
 on each fide by lmall hills covered with wood. 
 Suworow, however, gave orders for the attack. 
 Immediately the infantry began to march in two 
 columns, under the orders of Major-General Bur- 
 hawden, and paffed the marfh in fpite of the greateft 
 obftacles, and under the continual fire of the enemy. 
 Nothing could Hop the progrefs of the Ruffians, 
 however great the difficulties they had to furmount. 
 Some made ufe of beams and planks, which they 
 look from fome neighbouring huts, and which they 
 laid on the marfh. Others proceeded by their own 
 una&fted efforts. Of all the artillery they could 
 only pafe four pieces of cannon belonging to the 
 regiments, which the foldiers carried on their moul- 
 ders. The red were left behind under an cfcort. 
 Three fquadions of huffars and the CofTacs paf- 
 fed at the fame time with the infantry on either 
 wing. 
 
 As foon as the troops had pafTcd the marfh, which 
 employed about an hour, they formed, afeended the 
 lutle hill, and marched with loud cries againft the 
 enemy, who had now taken another pohtion, and 
 received them with a heavy difcharge of cafe fliot. 
 The Ruffians only fired a few müfket (hot, and fell 
 upon the Pohih lines with the bayonet. Sirakow- 
 tki's corps defended them fe Ives wjrh obllinacy, but, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 77 
 
 notwithstanding the great fuperiority of his artillery, 
 they were thrown into diforder, and loft a great num- 
 ber of men. Some of them fled to the convent of 
 Krupezize, where they were purfucd and cut to 
 pieces ; while the poor monks, trembling for then- 
 own lives, implored the pity of the foldiers, and 
 prefented them the bible and the crucifix. Their 
 lives were fpared. 
 
 Sirakowfki now began ferioufly to think of 
 his retreat, he formed a fquare of three elofe co- 
 lumns, flanked it with cavalry, and retired by de- 
 grees. 
 
 During thefe tranfaftions, four regiments of 
 Ruuian cavalry arrived from the right wing, under 
 the command of General Schewitfch. They had 
 been obliged to make a circuit of three werlis 
 through the woods, and had pafTed the marfhes over 
 rubbifti, leading their horfes in their hands. Iflinief 
 traverfed the marfh over the bad bridge above men- 
 tioned, which was almoft broken. Thus die caval- 
 ry of the two wings fell at once on the enemy's 
 columns which were already in full retreat. 
 
 They now fufFefed a new lofs of a confiderable 
 number of men. In vain did they make ufe of all 
 pofhble exertions to ufe their numerous artillery, 
 for the cavalry and infantry preffing them on every 
 fide obliged them to take refuge in the woods. It 
 was now five o'clock, it was growing dark, and it 
 was impoffible to purfue them any farther. 
 
 The Poliih corps who had been in this engage- 
 ment conhfted of twelve thoufand infantry, three 
 thou fand five hundred cavalry, and about two thou- 
 fand men armed with fcythes. The ufe of this 
 dreadful weapon was the invention of Kofciuzko. 
 
7 8 
 
 S U WOROW's 
 
 It confifted of a fharp blade mounted like a fcythe, 
 and to which was added a pike a foot long at the end 
 of a ftafF of ten feet. 
 
 The Poles left about three thou fand men on the 
 field, among whom were a great number of officers. 
 Their General, Rufchize, was alfo killed ; but very 
 few prifoners were taken. Ti e Ruffians loft a 
 hundred and twenty-five men, and had two hundred 
 wounded. 
 
 This viclory was the more important, as it was 
 the ftrft battle fought with the Poles by the troops 
 under Suworow ; and as the enemy, notwithftanding 
 the immenfe advantages of their pofition, the fupe- 
 riority of their numbers, and the flrength of their 
 artillery, were obliged to take to flight. It was the 
 Ruffian infantry that contributed moft to the fuccefs 
 cf the day ; for they always attacked the enemy 
 with the bayonet, and always repulfed them. 
 
 As foon as the fate of this battle began to be 
 decided, Suworow had fent orders to Kobrin to 
 fend forward the baggage with the efcort, and to 
 difpatch with the utmoft hafte the provifion carriages 
 and the camp ovens. They arrived an hour after 
 the battle. The men immediately drefled their 
 victuals, and the corps went to keep guard before 
 Janopol, three werfts from the convent of Kru- 
 pezize. 
 
 It is not eafy to decide which is entitled to the 
 greateft mare of our praife, the extraordinary valour 
 or uncommon vigour of the Ruffians. It was not 
 three weeks mice they had left Nicmerow, in which 
 ihort fpace of time, they had performed a march of 
 c ighty German miles, or a hundred and fixty French 
 :. a :;ies. Some might be even inclined to doubt 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 7q 
 
 the numerous records of this indefatigable activity, 
 were they not fo recent, and confirmed by the molt 
 indifputable authority. 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 A LITTLE before midnight the whole corps 
 was in motion to advance in purfuit of the 
 enemy ; but all fignals and cries of war were pro- 
 hibited. They halted four miles from the place 
 where they had been keeping watch, and retted four 
 hours. The whole of the road was- covered with 
 dead horfes, the Polifh baggage having fled by that 
 route ; but Sirakowfki's corps had taken a much 
 fhorter, acrofs the woods on the left of the Ruffians ; 
 and he retreated with fo much precipitation, that 
 he arrived by ten o'clock the next morning at 
 Brzefcia. 
 
 From Bulkow, where the Ruffian corps had halt- 
 ed, it arrived in the evening at Teifchin, which is 
 three miles further, and a mile from Brzefcia, where 
 it encamped, in a bottom covered by fmall hills, 
 on the banks of a fmall river. Here the foldiers 
 dreffed their victuals in ditches, and with fmall fires, 
 to avoid attracting the attention of the enemy, who 
 often fent out patroles, but thefe did not come clofe 
 enough, and they only perceived a party of CofTacs. 
 The obfeurity of the night enabled Lieutenant- 
 Colonel I Waschow, with an efcort of about twenty 
 CofTacs, to rifk going on a reconnoitering pasty, 
 near Bzrefcia, in order more efpecially to dilcover 
 the fordable parts of the Bug, as Suworow was 
 
8o 
 
 SUWÜROW'S 
 
 determined not to purfue the dire6t and beaten 
 path. 
 
 Before Iwafchow returned, a Jew cäme in, who was 
 very anxious to derive an advantage from the arri- 
 val of the Ruflians, at the expence of the Poles. 
 This man communicated the rumours that prevailed 
 in thofe parts, relative to the rapid march of 
 Suworow, whom they expected fpeedily to arrive. 
 He entreated the General to fpare the people of his 
 nation, domiciliated in that city, and offered to ren-, 
 der the Ruflians ail the fervices in his power. He 
 affured them that Sirakowfki, whofe corps and 
 whole horfes were much fatigued, would as much as 
 poflible avoid coming to an engagement ; that he 
 would begin to march the next day, in order to 
 retreat to War fa w, and that he had already fent 
 forward his baggage in the dufik of the evening. 
 
 It would have been very difficult for the Ruflians 
 to have purfued him, as they muft have paffed 
 thick forefts, and gone to a diÜance from Brzefcia, 
 which was in the centre of their operations, and 
 refourees for pro vi (ions • while Sirakowfki could 
 procure every thing he wanted in the neighbour- 
 hood. Hence they would have been obliged, either 
 to carry their provifions, and all their waggons with 
 them, or to have left a ftrong detachment to guard 
 them, befides which they would have been expofed 
 to the attacks of numerous infurgents from Li- 
 thuania. 
 
 They queftioned the Jew relative to the pofition 
 of the enemy, the htuaiion of the ground, and more 
 especially the fords of the rivers Tvluchavez and 
 Bug. The latter is fordable in three places, the 
 fartheu of which leads to the right, and is above half 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 8l 
 
 a mile from the city ; and by this paffagc they might 
 have attacked the enemy in the rear : but the banks 
 of the river are there very fteep, and the water up 
 to the girths of the horfes. The two other fords are 
 to the left of Brzefcia ; one of them is rather de<"p, 
 but the bank is flat and commodious, and it was 
 nearer to the enemy. At each of them the river is 
 about two hundred paces broad. — Such was the 
 information given by the Jew,- who alfo offered to 
 a£t as their guide. 
 
 Having thus procured all the neceffary informa- 
 tion, Suworow affembled his Generals in a fma.ll 
 cottage, and communicated the plan of attack, 
 concerting with them the correlative difpofiiions 
 and orders. 
 
 At two in the morning the corps began to march 
 in the greateft filence. Ii was divided in two co- 
 lumns. All the cavalry went to the right with the 
 Coffacs, and the infantry to the left with two com- 
 panies of grenadiers who were efcorting the field 
 artillery. The night was very dark ; yet they paf- 
 fed two fords of the river Muchavez, which indeed 
 was not very deep, but of which the fecond fmuofity, 
 being very marlhy, was difficult to pafs. This 
 caufed a mort delay, and they did not arrive on the 
 oppofite bank till day-light. 
 
 They were ftill half a mile from the Bug, and 
 before they arrived at it they heard the toenn 
 of all the convents and the bells of Brzefcia, an- 
 nouncing their unexpected and dangerous ap- 
 proach. The terrified inhabitants now rallied in 
 crowds into the churches, and implored the divine 
 mercv on their knees. In the meanwhile the Ruf 
 
 L 
 
8* 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 lian corps advanced with redoubled activity, and., 
 arriving at the river, crofled it without impediment! 
 and haftened to form on the oppofite bank. Ge- 
 neneral Schcwitfch had the command of twenty-five 
 fquadrons on the right flank. The General, pro 
 tempore , Iflinief commanded thirteen fquadrons and 
 the greater part of the CofTacs on the left flank ; 
 General Burhauaen had the command of the infan- 
 try in the centre ; and in the midft of thefe was all 
 the field-artillery, confiding of fourteen pieces of 
 cannon. Lieu tenant-General Fotemkin was at the 
 head of the corps immediately under the orders of 
 Suworow. 
 
 Sirakowflvij as is now praBifed in the French 
 taclics, had in his army a commiffary named Horrien^ 
 who being fond of wine and of play, propofed fomc 
 kind of game, and this amufement continuing 
 till very late at night, delayed his departure two 
 hours. 
 
 The Pulifh General being perfuaded Suworow 
 could only arrive at Brzefcia by the direel road, had 
 formed a battery of two pieces of cannon on the 
 bridge over the Bug, with a ftrong battalion to 
 defend that paffage, and hence imagined himfclf 
 perfectly fecure in his pofition. But as foon as he 
 perceived the Ruffians palling the Bug elfewhere«, 
 he haftily ftruck his camp, and taking a new pofition, 
 put himfelf in battle array and appeared determined 
 to wait with intrepidity for the attack. 
 
 Suworow «ordered General Schewitfch to attack 
 the left wing of the enemy with the cavalry of the 
 right wing ; and immediately the whole line began 
 to advance. The Poles did not wait lor their arri- 
 val, but fuddenly formed into three clofe columns, 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 83 
 
 with their heavy artillery both in the van and in the 
 rear. Each of thefe columns had nearly thirty in n 
 in front and an hundred in depth. They were fuf* 
 tained by divifions of cavalry, and began to retreat 
 to the right in perfeel order. 
 
 Iflinief received orders to advance full gallop, 
 with the fquadrons of his left flank and the Col- 
 lacs, ägainft the columns, which he fpeedily reach, 
 cd. The ground was fandy, very uneven and 
 interfered with ditches. Klinief charged the firft 
 column near a wood, where they had a ravin of 
 confiderable depth before them; at the extremity 
 of which was a broken dyke. The huffars attacked 
 the column on its flank, and the caribineers in front. 
 The latter were received, on coming out of the 
 ravin, with a difcharge of cafe fhot from four guns, 
 and left many of their men and horfes on the field. 
 They returned however three times to the charge 
 under the orders of Colonel Tekutief. At length 
 they fucceeded in breaking the column, great part 
 of which was cut to pieces. 
 
 The cavalry of the right wing purfued the enemy 
 and turned to their right. In the meanwhile the 
 line of the infantry was conftantly advancing, and 
 four battalions of chaffeurs followed the cavalry of 
 the left wing, on the fkirts of the wood, under the 
 orders of General Burhawden. The two columns 
 which had not been attacked, had made a manoeuvre 
 behind the former, and had removed behind the 
 village of Korofchin, half a mile from their laft 
 pohtion. They there occupied a very advantageous 
 eminence, where the firft column, which had been 
 beaten, endeavoured to join them. The Polifll 
 General ranged his columns in battle array, and 
 
SU WO ROW'S 
 
 feemcd determined to ftand firm, and wait the event 
 of the battle. His new pohtion was uncommonly 
 excellent. His front was covered by the village, 
 and his right wing by a thick wood, where he fpeedily 
 raifed a mafked battery of eight heavy pieces of 
 ca non which he fupported by two battalions of 
 chafleurs. 
 
 Being much too weak to attack the enemy in this 
 pofition, Illinief was obliged to wait for a reinforce- 
 ment. But as foon as the Polifh General perceived 
 the battal ons of chafleurs come galloping towards 
 him, he retreated. Two columns went to the right 
 towards the wood with intention to traverfe it, and 
 the third took the left towards the fame in order to 
 cover the mahked battery, which General Iflinief 
 threatened to carry. 
 
 The two firft columns had already approached 
 the wood, when Schewitfch, galloping on with 
 twenty-four fquadrons of carabineers, light horfe 
 and huflars, gained the interval, and immediately 
 charged the front and flanks of the column which 
 was ncareR him. The Ruffians were received with 
 a difcharge of cafe ffiot and of mufquetry, and expe- 
 rienced a rigorous refinance from the column, which 
 defended itfelf in a defperate manner ; for, of three 
 thoufand men, of whom it conlifted, and a party of 
 cavalry that fupported it, there were very few who 
 afked for quarters; aliiioft the whole of them being 
 cut to pieces in the ranks. 
 
 In the meanwhile the other column was engaged 
 with a few fquadrons, and as foon as the attaek be- 
 came general they experienced the fame fate as the 
 former. More of them, however, efcaped, becaule 
 • his column had time to difperfe, while the otheis 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 85 
 
 were defending themfelves. But although ihey 
 made the greatcft poffible efforts to fave their artille- 
 ry, as they had done at Krupc/ize, they loft fix 
 field pieces. 
 
 At the fame time, the cavalry of the left wing 
 approached the mafked batteries in the woods, which 
 they carried under a dreadful fire of cafe mot and 
 mufquetry. They then advanced, without lofing 
 a moment, againlt the column which threatened to 
 attack them, and which was already annoying them 
 with cannon. A very obflinatc engagement now 
 took place, but the Ruffians broke through them, 
 the cavalry fighting with the utmoft fury. AlmoiL 
 the whole column was defeated, and the greateft 
 part of the cavalry who fliould have fupported it, 
 faved themfelves by flight. 
 
 The four battalions received orders to cut off the 
 retreat of the fmall remains of this column, to pre- 
 vent their gaining the wood with their four pieces of 
 cannon ; and as foon as their order was executed 
 and the cannon taken, the battalions purfued the reft 
 of the fugitives, who were alfo endeavouring to gain 
 the wood. In this fituation the enemy had no re- 
 source but to fly to the village of Dobrin in the 
 road to Warfaw. Their cavalry foon followed 
 their example, and endeavoured to fave themfelves 
 by the bridge acrofs the marfh beyond the village. 
 But Iflinief difpatched the Moripol light horfc, 
 with all the CofTacs, to prevent this manoeuvre, and 
 the four battalions of chaffeurs fbw thither fo rapid- 
 ly, that they arrived there almoft as foon as the 
 cavalry. They then began to cut the dyke and the 
 bridge, of which they fcattered the fragments ; and 
 thus, with the exception of a few who paffed before 
 
86 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 their arrival, the remainder, not being able to engage 
 in this deep marfh, were obliged to retire to the 
 village. 
 
 Till this time the artillery had fearcely been 
 employed, and every thing was decided by the fabre 
 and the bayonet. The held pieces had even been 
 left in the rear on account of the lands and ploughed 
 lands, round which the troops were obliged tocrofs, 
 The chaffeurs, however, ufed the cannon of their 
 battalion. Some field pieces, at length, arrived, 
 with which thev fired on the village, and drove out 
 thole who retreated thither. Thus the enemy were 
 affailed on all fides at once, and thofe who refufed 
 to furrender were cut in pieces. A few hundred of 
 the cavalry flill endeavoured to fly acrofs the marfh, 
 but both they and their horfes were drowned, or fell 
 under the fire of the chaffeurs from the fide of the 
 marfh. 
 
 The greater part of the Ruffian infantry did not 
 engage in this aBion; after which, Suworow ordered 
 Colonel Markow to return to Brzefcia with two 
 battalions, and to take the command of that city, as 
 at Therefpol. 
 
 This action terminated at two in the afternoon, 
 when Suworow embraced the Generals, and thank- 
 ed them for having fo powerfully contributed to the 
 victory. At this place they made a fnort halt, and 
 the troops refled two hours. They might have 
 advanced ft ill farther; but learning from the prifon- 
 crs they took, that very few Poles had efcaped, the 
 Ruffians returned, tinging in unifon with theirmartial 
 mufic, and having the artillery and prifoners within 
 a league of their van. Thus at feven o'clock they 
 encamped at Therefpol, nearly at the fame place 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 87 
 
 Serakowfki had occupied in the morning, and the 
 very quarters, where that general flipped the prece- 
 ding evening, now accommodated Suworow. 
 
 A company of each battalion was left behind, 
 to which were added about an hundred Coflacs. 
 Thefe troops fcoured the woods, and defeated the 
 enemy, who were difperfed there, or took them 
 prifoners. Thus they paffed two days till they had 
 completely cleared the country. 
 
 At the fame time, the provision carriages arrived, 
 under an efcort, from the other fide of Therefpol, 
 together with the other baggage. 
 
 This battle, which lafted fix hours, happened on 
 the 8-19 September, 1794, and one of the molt 
 extraordinary victories that was ever obtained : 
 for of all the enemy's troops which amounted to 
 thirteen thoufand men, viz. ten thoufand infantry, 
 three thoufand horfe, and four hundred fcythe-men, 
 three hundred, at mod, efcaped, with the five 
 hundred prifoners. Sirakowfld and Krafinfki fled 
 to Warfaw. 
 
 With the exception of four battalions of chaffeurs, 
 the cavalry alone were engaged. The artillery had 
 been fcarcely at all employed, and the whole was 
 decided without fire-arms. All the enemy's artille- 
 ry, confifting of twenty-eight pieces of cannon, 
 chiefly brafs, and of large calibre, were taken, as 
 alfo two fplendid flags, which had been fent them by 
 the revolutionary council at Warfaw, and which 
 were the only colours they had. That of the in- 
 fantry was white, that of the cavalry, blue ; and 
 each bore in letters of gold, the words liberty, 
 
 EQUALITY, INDEPENDENCE. 
 
 The corps of Ruffians, under arms, confided of 
 
88 
 
 Sü WOROW'S 
 
 eight thou fand men, of whom four thoufand and 
 two hundred were infantry, three thoufand cavalry, 
 and about feven hundred and fifty Coffacs. They 
 Jolt one hundred and fifty men, among whom were 
 fix officers ; and one hundred and feventy wounded, 
 of whom eleven were officers. 
 
 When the news of the defeat of Brzefcia arrived at 
 Warfaw, every one perceived, as we afterwards 
 learned, that the Ruffian troops were commanded 
 by the fame General Suworow, who had before 
 made war againft the Turks, although, to avoid 
 difcou raging the Poles, it had been previoufly ru- 
 moured, that it was another General of the fame 
 name. 
 
 C H A P. XVII. 
 
 Hjf^HE Ruffians had not long been encamped 
 JL at Brzefcia when certain news was received 
 that the corps of Lieutenant- General Derfelden was 
 at Slonim. Suworow lent him orders to leave that 
 place, and to attack Makran.owfki at Grodno, where 
 he then was with a corps of regulars amounting to 
 two thoufand men, and four thoufand armed with 
 fbythes. Prince Repnin as oldelt General in chief, 
 to whom Derfelden was fubordinate, was apprifed 
 of this difpohtion, and approved it. 
 
 Twelve miles from Brzefcia, ana half way to 
 Warfaw, was a corps of two thoufand Poles near 
 Selza commanded by Knoefchevinfch, who had 
 begun his march with a view to form a jun&ion with 
 Si'rakowfki from whom he had received orders- to 
 
CAMPAIGNS, 89 
 
 that effecl, after the battle of Kupezize * but he 
 had not advanced many miles before he received 
 the news of the defeat of Brzefcia, and returned to 
 Selza. 
 
 Kofciuzko, who was then at Warfaw, was in- 
 formed of the fate of Sirakowfki. He therefore fet 
 off in hafte to confer with Kncechenvitfch, and 
 commanded lix thoufand men to follow him, giving 
 them orders to encamp near Lofchiz, four miles 
 from Selza$ on the road to Warfaw. The troops 
 of Kncechenvitfch received orders to join him^ and 
 thefe fix thoufand men took a very ftrong poiition 
 under the command of Sirakowfki. 
 
 The fame day, Kofciuzko went to vifit Makran- 
 owfki at Grodno, and gave orders to all the divifions 
 of troops of that canton to join him. They were 
 divided under the command of Hedroitfchj who 
 was marauding in Courland; of Wawrofchewfki, 
 who was pofted on that frontier; of Meyen, who 
 was before Kowna, and of Willowurfkfki, Grabow- 
 fki and Jafinfki, who occupied Wilna. But the 
 march of Derfelden, as will hereafter appear, pre- 
 vented this union of the Poles from taking place. 
 Kofciuzko only flopped four and twenty hours, 
 and departed the next day for Warfaw. 
 
 After the fiege of this place had been raifed. Lieu- 
 tenant-General Ferfen had advanced three miles on 
 the Viftula^ where he paffed fome days, to cover 
 the rear guard of the Pruflian troops that were re- 
 tiring. He afterwards advanced two miles higher 
 as far as Gura, to pafs the Viftula there, bat found 
 no boats. Thus he was obliged to goto Warca, 
 where he with ^reat difficulty procured fome fmali 
 
 M 
 
99 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 craft. This rendered the paflage of the River 
 BieJz very difficult, and he afterwards went to Ko- 
 finiza, which is four miles farther. There he halt- 
 ed, took tjie necetfary meafures for paffing the 
 river, secured boats for carrying over b.ead, and 
 lent to buy anchors and cordage at Sawiflof which 
 is twenty miles higher up the river. 
 
 Agreeably to the poutive orders of Kofciuzko, 
 General Poninffei occupied the right bank of the 
 Viliula, oppoute Fufen, to oppofe his paflage, and 
 frequent cannonades took place on both fides with 
 heavy artillery, but without doing much mifchief. 
 On the other hand, Ferfen made various manoeu- 
 vres to deceive the enemy, and. to make them be- 
 lieve he intended to pafs the river at Pulawa, fix 
 miles above the pofition of Kohniza. But he remain- 
 ed there a fortnight till every thing was ready to 
 e{fe6i his paflage. 
 
 Kofciuzkohad formed a plan to attack the Ruf- 
 fian troops which Suworow commanded before 
 Brzefcia, at the head of the corps of Sirakowfki, 
 polled near Lochiz, which he was to reinforce. He 
 propofed at the fame time that Makranowlki mould 
 attack them in the rear with a conndei able body of 
 troops, confiftmg of all the divifions of infantry 
 difperfed over Lithuania. 
 
 Suworow's corps was now confidcrably dimin- 
 ifned, and he was totally di fabled from undertaking 
 any cntcrprizc on account of the number of prifoii- 
 crs and cannon which he had to guard. Me refolv- 
 ed, therefore, to relieve himfelf from this embar- 
 raflfm.ent by rexaovi&g them to Warkoviz under the 
 efcoit of two companies of grenadiers, with an 
 incomplete regiment of fuiileers and four pieces of 
 
CAMPAIGNS. gl 
 
 cannon, five fquadrons of light horfe. and an hun- 
 dred Coffacs, under the command of Brigadier 
 Wladifchin : a detachment {Vom Kiowie had orders 
 to meet them to relieve the cfcort from Wackoviz 
 to Kiowie. The tranfport confided of five hundred 
 prifoners, twenty-four pieces of heavy artillery with 
 caiffons, fix thoufand mufkets and two thoufand 
 pair of piftols. Of the artillery taken from the ene 
 my, Suworow had given four fix pounders to the 
 brave Peroiaflaw's regiment of horfe chaffeurs, to 
 remain with the regiment as Hying artillery. 
 
 Shortly after the departure of Wladifchin, a ru- 
 mour prevailed at Brzefcia of an engagement on 
 the road, between his troops and the Poles, in which 
 the latter had taken his artillery from him ; but the 
 origin of this report, as well as its falfehood, w 7 ere 
 foon difcovered. 
 
 The neceffity of providing for the fubfiftance of 
 the Rußians by contributing from the countries 
 through which they paffed required numerous de- 
 tachments, as fwarms of Poles infefted that quarter. 
 On the other hand, half the Coffacs w T ere advanced 
 on the road to Warfaw to procure information, and 
 the reft were employed in foraging in the country. 
 Hence, the effective number of RuiTians encamped 
 before Brzefcia were reduced to five thoufand 
 men. 
 
 Brzefcia was not only the centre of all thefe 
 operations, but it was alfo a rich granary, from 
 which Warfaw was principally fupplied with provi- 
 fions. That capital had indeed found fome resour- 
 ces at Lublin as long as the Pol i Hi troops occupied 
 it, but now nothing could be expected from that 
 diftrict, nor from the neighbourhood of South 
 
Q2 SUWOROW'S 
 
 Pruffia; every thing having been confumed during 
 the fiege of Warfaw, or carried off by the P ruffians 
 and Ruffians in their retreat. In this diftricl the 
 infurgent army had levied great numbers of recruits. 
 Each family was obliged to furnifh a foot foldier, 
 and every thiee families an horfeman equipped and 
 mounted. Such were the advantages of which the 
 infurgents were deprived by Suworow's pofition 
 near Brzefcia. This confoled him for his being 
 reduced almoft to a ftate of inaclion in this important 
 pod, where he remained four weeks till he could 
 concert his final meafures vith Generals Derfelden 
 and Ferfen. The former received orders firft to 
 fcour Lithuania, and afterwards to make a junction 
 with Suworow. But the latter was Hill beyond the 
 Viftula, where he was detained by the obftacles we 
 have related. Yet, notwithstanding the arduous 
 circumfiances in which he was placed, General 
 Suworow was determined to attack the firft body 
 that fhould prefs him too clofe, and to attack them 
 one after another, in cafe they mould prefent them- 
 felves in feparate bodies to take him in the rear. 
 
 Suworow had the fatisfatHon to be informed by 
 Prince Repnin that General Derfelden had advanc- 
 ed according to his orders from Slonim to Grodno : 
 and that Brigadier Dicbow with his divifion of 
 about a thoufand men, had formed a jun6tion with 
 him from Pinfk to Brzefcia. As to the Baron de 
 Fe l fen, no news of him arrived, all communication 
 being cut off, and the couriers lent to him taken 
 prifoners, From time to time, indeed, fome ru- 
 mours were heard from travellers, but thefe could 
 not be depended on, and were frequently contra 
 rectory. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 Immediately after the taking of Wilna by the 
 Ruffians, the Poiifh Colonel Grabowfki retreated 
 from that diftriö, with two thou fand men and eight 
 field pieces, into the government of Minfk, which 
 was a dependency of Ruflia. Major-General 
 Xnorring ordered about a thou fand men to march 
 againft him, under the command of Prince Riziano. 
 The revolutionary committee of Warfaw had order- 
 ed all the Poiifh commanders, who were neareft to 
 the Ruffian frontiers, to enter the territories of the 
 empire, in order to make that the feat of war. 
 Grabowfki had already advanced fifteen miles 
 beyond the frontiers. He exacled contributions 
 wherever he paffed, had levied a thoufand recruits 
 of fcythe men, and endeavoured to excite the inha- 
 bitants to revolt. But this manoeuvre was unfuccefT- 
 ful. Prince Ziziano overtook him, and found him 
 encamped in an angle, furrounded with a very 
 thick wood, having a marfh at the edge of the wood, 
 and the river Abrutfch in his front. Ziziano found 
 means to turn him, prefented himfelf in front on the 
 other fide of the river, and immediately fent him a 
 fummons. The Colonel furrendered together with 
 his troops, who were fent to Kiowie, and Ziziano 
 returned to Grodno ; from which place he fent a 
 report of this event to Suworow. 
 
 The General had ordered Brigadier Ifeiow to 
 fend forward fome parties of Coffacs as foon as 
 poffible towards Warfaw. They went half way 
 thither by fingle platoons, and one of thefe parties 
 charged the advanced pofts of a piquet of the ene- 
 my at Lukow, ten miles from Brzefcia. The 
 prifoners declared that the corps of Sirakowfki and 
 Kncefchevitfch, to which they belonged, had depart- 
 
94 su wo row's 
 
 ed three days before from Lofchiz, and that they 
 were encamped fix miles from Warfaw. The 
 Coffacs animated by their fuccefs, were continually 
 venturing to advance ; and about an hundred of 
 them attacked in the night a Polifh Colonel, who was 
 polled with an hundred frefh recruits in a cattle at 
 Selifchze. This was the intrepid Colonel Wofurin- 
 flu, who, although the peafants had apprifed him of 
 the approach of the Coflacs, would not defcrt his 
 poft. The Coflacs, finding the gates of the caftle 
 ihut, raifed them from the hinges with levers, and 
 penetrated notwithstanding a vigorous refiftarice, 
 into the court, where they fought above an hour, 
 with iword and fabre. At length the Poles being 
 almoft entirely defeated, the Colonel with a few of 
 his men, who remained took to flight, retreating 
 through a pcftern gate, where he mounted his horfe : 
 but the Coflacs having, according to the cullom of 
 that nation, furrounded the caftle, and perceiving 
 their intentions, began to purfue them. The Colo- 
 nel was on a very fwift horfe, and it was with great 
 difficulty he was overtaken. He would not however 
 afk for quarter, and died fighting bravely, under 
 the pike of a CofTac. Not one of his little troop 
 efcaped. 
 
 Suworow's corps was now reinforced with a thoufand 
 men by the two regiments of Coflacs of Grekow and 
 Kutenikow. Thefe light troops from fifty to eigh- 
 ty men, often attacked in platoons, whole detach- 
 ments of Poles confrfting of feveral hundred men, 
 and always with fuccefs. With one of thefe par- 
 ties, which was reinforced with an hundred men, 
 Major Popow attacked four hundred, beat, difperl- 
 cd and drove them into the woods. He made a 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 95 
 
 considerable booty of uniforms at Sokowlow, where 
 a revolutionary committee was cftablilhed, and 
 carried off the military chert, containing fixty thou- 
 iand Polifh florins. On his return he was fuddenly 
 attacked by two hundred horfe, from whom he not 
 only difengaged himlelf, but, having charged and 
 difperfed them, he returned victorious into Brzefcia 
 with his booty and his prifoners. 
 
 In the neighbourhood of Sclza the CofTacs took a 
 courier, difpatched by Makranowfki to Kofciuzko. 
 The fubftance of the letter he carried was : " That 
 i; in conformity to the deliberations of Grodno, he 
 M had aiTembled all the detachments difperfed over 
 <; Lithuania ; that he had marched with them 
 " againrt Bielfk, fifteen miles from Grodno, on the 
 " road to War fa w ; and that he had ported a divi . 
 " fion, commanded by Wavrofchewfki, under the 
 " walls of Plerka, on the frontiers of Pruffia. He 
 " added that fome parties of Ruffians, which he 
 " imagined belonged to Dcrfelden's corps, had ap- 
 " peared within two miles of him. He concluded 
 " by afking Kofciuzko, as commander in chief, 
 " for orders relative to the final operations." This 
 letter was dated the 18th September, 1794. 
 
 At the time when this letter was on its way to 
 Brzefeia, Suworow received the report of General 
 Derfeldcn, giving an account of his march from 
 Slonim to Grodno, in conformity to his orders. 
 During his march nothing worthy of remark hap- 
 pened, except frequently meeting with fmall parties 
 of the enemy that had been repulfed or defeated. 
 On bis arriv al at Grodno the vanguard of Valerian 
 Zubow had tül.en a hundred new recruits prifoners. 
 They had aJfo foujnd a few hundred meafures of 
 
$6 st; wo row's 
 
 flour and bifcuit which had been diftributed to the 
 troops, as alio a number of uniforms. Derfelden 
 added, that he was waiting for the arrival of Ziziano 
 at Grodno, where he propofed to leave him, and 
 to proceed with his corp* to Bialaceretu. 
 
 We left General Ferfen under the walls of Kor- 
 niza, from which place, communication not being 
 fecure, no news from him had yet arrived. At 
 length on the a 8th of September, the Auftrian 
 General Harnoncourt informed Suworow, that 
 Baron de Ferfen had fent him word by an officer* 
 that he had thrown a bridge acrofs the Viftula on 
 the 25th of that month. A few days after, a 
 Polifh officer was brought prifoner to Suworow, 
 and gave him the agreeable news of the defeat of 
 Kofciuzko at Matfcheviz, eight miles from War- 
 faw, and twenty from Brzefcia, with all the par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 The following are the details taken from the 
 report of this memorable aclion, which had fo great 
 an influence on the fate of Poland. 
 
 Kofciuzko, as we have already faid, had concert- 
 ed with Makranowflci to attack Suworow's corps 
 before Brzefcia at the fame time in the front and i» 
 the rear. He was therefore in momentary expecta- 
 tion of the arrival of Makranowflci at Bielfk, where 
 he was to have conference with him, relative to their 
 final meafures. He had chofen a pofition near 
 Lukow, that he might be at hand to march againft 
 Brzefcia, and at the fame time attack Baron de Fer- 
 fen, in cafe he fhould be able to crofs the Viftula. 
 Poninfki had informed him that the fmaller divifion 
 of the Ruffian corps intended to effect a paflage at 
 Kofniza, and the greater at Pulawa ; and the next 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 97 
 
 day he informed him that a part had already paffed 
 near Kofniza; and Kofciuzko, having no reafon 
 to believe that this was the whole body, marched 
 without delay againft the village of Okrafcha, which 
 was about feven miles from the pod he occupied. 
 Befides of the 8,000 men of Sirakowfki and Knoe- 
 fchewitfch, Kofciuzko had near 2,000 frefli recruits, 
 which increafed his corps to 10,000 men. 
 
 When he arrived at Okrafcha he difcovered his 
 miftake, and to remedy it, immediately fent orders 
 to Poninfki to join him with the utmofl hafte 3 
 for he perceived, he could not avoid coming to an 
 engagement, as Poninfkow had fuffered himfelf to 
 be deceived. 
 
 In fa&, Baron de Ferfen, perceiving that the 
 enemy had fallen into the fnare, relative to the 
 manoeuvre of a battalion of horfe chaffeurs towards 
 Pulawa, and had marched thither ; immediately 
 threw a bridge over the Viftula at the very fpot he 
 had before occupied. He had already fent forward 
 two battalions of chaffeurs on rafts fupported by 
 fix fquadrons of horfe chaffeurs and fix regiments 
 of Coflacs, who fwam over the river, to fcour the 
 oppofite [ bank, and form a tcte-de pont : but he 
 was three days effecting his paffage, on account of 
 the- baggage and artillery. The fuccefs of this 
 manoeuvre correfponded with the wifdom of his 
 arrangements. 
 
 His fir ft ftep was to reconnoitre the country ; 
 and Kofciuzko, who had in the meanwhile arrived, 
 and whofe camp was at the diftance of a mile, re- 
 moved in the courfe of the day three miles further 
 
 N 
 
98 su wo row's 
 
 to Matfcheviz, a very advantageous pofition, and 
 where he intrenched himfelf. 
 
 Baron de Ferien having fatisfied himfelf, that 
 Poninfki had not yet formed a junction with Kof- 
 ciuzko, rciolved to attack him the next day. He 
 therefore difpatched General Denifow at dufk with 
 four battalions, ten fquadrons, and all the lix regi- 
 gimcnts of Cofiacs, together with eight pieces of 
 cannon, by a by-road, half a mile long, through the 
 woods and marines, to attack the left flank of the 
 enemy. Fer.fen himiclf began to marth at mid- 
 night with the right wing divided into two columns, 
 compofed of fourteen battalions and thirty three 
 fquadrons together with thirty -fix field pieces, under 
 the command of Major- Generali Kruiehow, Don- 
 nafow, kackmanow, and ol' Brigadier Bagreon, 
 and immediately pioceeded to Ma tie he viz. 
 
 He arrived at cu ) break in front of the enemy's 
 lines ; at the very moment when Denifow was 
 beginning to engage, and immediately attacked the 
 front of the lines with drums beating. His troops, 
 animated, rather than fatigued, by a nocturnal march 
 of great difficulty along marihy roads, by w 7 hich 
 the centre had been much incommoded, conducted 
 themielves with their accuitomed valour. 
 
 Kofciuzko, thus affailed and furrounded on all 
 fides, defended himfelf with the greateft obfiinacy 
 till one o'clock, when no further hopes remained, 
 and the fate of the battle was wholly decided. Six 
 thoufand Poles remained upon the held, and fixteen 
 thouland menwcie made pri Toners, among whom 
 were Generals Sirakowlki, Kofcinfki, Kncefche- 
 vitfeh, and nearly two hundred fupenor and ftaff 
 officers. Ail their artillery alio fell into the hands 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 99 
 
 of the Ruffians, and only fifteen hundred men, who 
 traverfed the woods of Warfaw, efcaped. The 
 Ruffians loft eight hundred men, and had fifteen 
 hundred wounded. 
 
 Kofciuzko who. commanded thisbody,and was alfo 
 General in chief of the Polifh infurrection, had ex- 
 poied his perfon during the whole pf the action ; but 
 having at length made a defperate effort with the 
 weak remains of his cavalry, he was obliged to fave 
 hitafeif by flight. But although his horfe was ex- 
 tremely fwift, he was overtaken by Cornet Phili- 
 pinko of the Charkow light horfe, a fubaltern 
 officer, and a few CofTacs. He had already receiv- 
 ed two wounds of a fabre, one in his neck, and the 
 other in his head, when a Coffac called out to him 
 to afk for mercy ; and being enraged at his not 
 anfwering, wounded him in the back with his pike, 
 which caufed him to fall from his horfe, in a ftate 
 of infenubility ; ana as they did not know him, he 
 would infallibly have been killed, had not the 
 Coffac been retrained by one of his officers, who 
 told them he was the Commander in Chief; upon 
 which he w 7 as removed to a neighbouring convent. 
 In his pocket they found a fmall loaded piltol, of 
 which it was eafy to guefs the object * but being 
 fenfelefs, he was unable to ufe it. He was attend- 
 ed with great care, and fome time after removed, 
 by Suworow's orders, to the houfe of General 
 Romanzow, near Kiowie, he being the oldeit com- 
 manding officer in the Ruffian army ; and after- 
 wards to Peter (burg. 
 
 The capture of a leader of fo much importance 
 was not the Leaft precious of the trophies of the 
 victory of Matfcheviz, as will appear f rom the im„ 
 
too 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 preffion his lofs made on the Poles. But before we 
 defcribe the particulars, it will be proper to give a 
 fhort {ketch of that General's life. 
 
 Kofciuzko was a gentleman of fmall fortune in 
 the environs of Brzefcia. His father left him a 
 patrimony of only a few peafants, that is to fay, 
 but a fmall landed eftate. He was educated at 
 Warfaw in the Royal Academy of Cadets, and 
 made a very rapid progrefs, efpecially in the art 
 of engineering. After paffing eight years at this 
 fchool, he ferved in the army as an officer. He then 
 went to America, where he obtained a commifTion 
 under General Wafhington, and rofe to the rank of 
 Lieutenant Colonel of light infantry* He continu- 
 ed in America till the end of the war, and diilin- 
 guifhed himfelf on various occafions by his bravery 
 and talents. 
 
 When the new conftitution of the third of May 
 1791 was publifhed in Poland, he returned to his 
 country. He fucceffively vifited Warfaw, Galhcia, 
 and other parts. And the Poles having refolved 
 to oppofe the Ruffian army that had penetrated 
 into their country, he was appointed Major-Gene- 
 ral, and placed at the head of the advanced guard 
 under the orders of Prince Jofeph Poniatowflu, 
 Commander in Chief of the whole army. He was 
 prefent at the battles of Sftenzi, Tibienka, and 
 Lublin, againft the Ruffians, in all which he diflin- 
 guHhed himfelf. Soon after thefe events, peace 
 was reftored. On the arrival of Cakowfki, he was 
 at Warfaw, from thence he went by Sandomir to the 
 foot of the mountains to vi fit the Princefs Czartorin- 
 fka, who affifted him with her purfe. Here, applying 
 to the circumftances of the times thofe principles 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 101 
 
 of liberty which he had learned in America, he 
 began ferioufly to employ his mind on the revolu- 
 tion, which he propagated by his correfpondence, 
 both in Poland and Lithuania ; and the flame of 
 infurreclion, lighted up by his means, foon began 
 to extend itfelf in every part of the kingdom. 
 
 In the fpring, he went by Moldavia to Conftanti- 
 nople, where the miniftry of the Porte received him 
 with refpect. His object, however, which was to 
 produce a rupture between that Court and Ruffia, 
 was fufpe&ed and frultrated by feveral foreign 
 minifters, refiding there. Perceiving, therefore, 
 that his projeel would prove abortive, he quitted 
 Conftantinople and went to France ; where he 
 contemplated the ftorms of the revolution, during 
 his refidence at the capital, which he quitted on the 
 approach of winter to return to the Princefs Czar- 
 torinlka. From that time he began to take large 
 ftrides towards producing a revolution, which broke 
 out in March, at Crakow, under the direction of 
 Madelinhki ; and in April, at War law, under the 
 conduct of Makranowfki. Hence it was that the laß 
 city fell a victim to thofe calamities which are in* 
 feparable from violent, popular commotions. Kof- 
 ciuzko, after having viiited Crakow, to adminiftcr 
 the oath of fidelity to the infurgents, came to War- 
 faw, where he played a confpicuous part ; in which 
 he evinced a degree of bravery and (kill, that con- 
 tinued to the laft. But even thefe great qualities, 
 being employed in an unequal contelt, haftened 
 both his own ruin and that of his country. 
 
 Not only the troops were in great confternation, 
 at the lufs of their commander, but difcouragement 
 and affliction fprcad theml'elves throughout Warfaw, 
 
102 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 where the zealous partizans of the new confiitution 
 anticipated its approaching fall. The revolution- 
 ary committee appointed, in his place, Major- Ge- 
 neral Wavrofchewfki, although Makranowfki and 
 others were his feniors in command j and this 
 general was immediately lent for to Warfaw, where 
 the oath having been adminiftered to him in full 
 council, he toek pofTefTion of his new command. 
 Wavrofchewfki had been a week before the walls 
 of Brellk, when he received the news of Kofciuzko's 
 defeat. Derfelden was fix miles from him, before 
 Bilaceretu. Makra3,owfki, uneafy at being fo near 
 him and fearing an attack on the hde towards Brzef- 
 cia, retreated to Warfaw. 
 
 Suworow no fooner heard the news of the vic- 
 tory of Matfcheviz, than he took meafures to form 
 a junction with Derfelden and Ferfen, and imme- 
 diately tent them the neccflary orders to that ctfeft. 
 Derfelden was to march from Bialaceretu, and tak- 
 ing the road to Bielfk and Grodno on the Bug, 
 ten miles from his former pofition, to engage the 
 enemy, Ihould he meet him; after which he was to 
 pais that river, and to march to Prague (or Pragua) 
 which is a i'uburb of Warfaw, where General 
 Suworow would make a junction with him. On 
 the other hand. Ferfen had received orders to go 
 to Pragua by Selkow, Parczow, and Minzki, where 
 all the corps were to meet. 
 
 The efcort under the command of Wladifchin, 
 which had brought the artillery and prifoners to 
 K to wie, was now returned, and Suworow aflembled 
 around him all the detachment employed in procur- 
 ing providons and forage. Thus this corps now 
 amounted to near ten thoufand men, from which 
 
CAMPAIGNS. IO3 
 
 however, mud be deducted two thoufand, who 
 remained behind, at Bzrefcia, under Brigadier 
 Dibow, to cover the baggage. He had therefore 
 about feven thoufand men under arms, with whom 
 he fet out towards Warfaw at dufk, on 7-16 Oc- 
 tober, ^794. 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 
 GENERAL Derfelden, in conformity to the 
 orders he had received, marched immediately 
 from Bilaceretu to Bielfk, and then to Branfk, from 
 which place he fent a report, announcing that the 
 enemy were retiring towards the frontiers of Kuhla, 
 and that he was harraffing them in their retreat. A 
 few days after, he wrote that the vanguard comman- 
 ded by Valerian Zubow had overtaken and defeated 
 their rear guard, confiding of about five hundred 
 men, who were almoit all cut in pieces or taken pri- 
 foners. 
 
 Makranowfki now haftened towards the Bug. 
 He had fent a confiderable detachment before him 
 to throw a bridge over it at the village of Popkow, 
 but the laft column, which confided of about three 
 thoufand men, before they could efteel their paffage 
 near Hedroitfch, was overtaken by Derfelden's rear 
 guard. This column exerted itfelf to avoid an 
 engagement, and having loft a few hundred mc.i, 
 in a very fhort time pa fled the bridge. The Poles 
 fired a few cannon (hot at them, and Count Zubow 
 was wounded in the foot. 
 
 Derfelden received advice, that ten miles further 
 
104 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 the Pol i Hi General Grabowfki was hovering about 
 the environs of Zakroczyn, behind Narew, with a 
 thou fand men, whom he had collecled together. 
 He therefore lent Colonel Anarep upon the fcout, 
 with fix fquadrons and a few chafleurs, who foon 
 mi t them, killed about an hundred of them, and 
 having taken about a hundred prifoners, difperfed 
 the reit. 
 
 In the mean time Suworow's corps had arrived 
 at the fmall town of Janova, from which he fent 
 about an hundred CorTacs, in two detachments, to 
 fcour the country. At firft he intended to have 
 attacked Makranowfki over againft Bielfk, twenty- 
 miles from Janova; but having learned that he had 
 left that place, he determined to cut off his road 
 to Warfaw, by approaching nearer to him. He 
 therefore advanced three miles further towards 
 Tolkow, where he was informed a body of the 
 enemy were polled, amounting to fome thou fand 
 men, before Staniflavow, where they might receive 
 reinforcements from Warfaw, which was but four 
 miles from that place. He accordingly gave or- 
 ders to Baron Ferfen to direel his march from 
 Minfk towards Staniflavow, fo as to arrive there 
 at day-break on the thirteenth of September ; in- 
 forming him alfo, that he would him fell be there 
 at the fame time. 
 
 A difpatch from Ferfen acquainted him, that he 
 had departed from Korytnica on the 10th of Sep- 
 tember, and as it was impofhble for him to arrive 
 before Staniflavow on the day appointed, he was, 
 therefore, informed that the rendezvous was poft 
 poned one day. 
 
 Some of the prifoners brought in by the Coflacs 
 
CAMP AIGN 3. 1C5 
 
 gave information, that Makranowfki was already 
 in the neighbourhood ; that he would arrive the 
 following night ; and was to take the road to War- 
 la w. Orders were therefore immediately difpatch- 
 ed to Ferfen to make an attack alone with his corps 
 before Staniflavow, beaufe the enemy were not 
 ftrong there, and Suworow propofed to wait the 
 arrival of Makranowfki at Wengrow. The event 
 however did not turn out as we expected. The 
 enemy did not appear, and Suworow impeded by 
 a narrow fandy road, did not arrive till the 14th at 
 Staniflavow, where Ferfen had arrived the preced- 
 ing evening, without having met the enemy in his 
 road. Thus it was that the junction of the two 
 troops took place. That of Ferfen confifted of 
 above ten thoufand men underarms, and the w 7 hole 
 corps under the command of Suworow now amount- 
 ed to feventeen thoufand men. 
 
 The two thoufand Poles, who occupied Stanifla- 
 vow, had retired to Okonief, three miles from War- 
 faw. Ferfen, who was to the left of Suworow's 
 corps, was therefore ordered to attack them, and the 
 General marched with the right wing within four 
 miles of that place to Kobylka, where alio was a 
 party of Poles. As thefe troop? were near Warfaw, 
 whence they could eafily draw fuccours, the General 
 preferred acling with his own corps to (ending a de- 
 tachment. He alfo expected in the road to meet 
 Makranowfki, whofe route from the Bug to War- 
 faw naturally lay by Kobylka. In order to divide 
 his forces equally, he took fifteen hundred horfe of 
 Ferfen's corps, namely ten fquadrons of Smolenfki 
 dragoons and fix fquadrons of Charkow and Ach- 
 
 O 
 
I CO 
 
 SÜWOROW 3 
 
 tirk light-horfe. On the approach of night the two 
 corps, thus divided, refpeclively began to march in 
 the moft perfect filence. 
 
 Suworow's corps halted half way to attack the ene- 
 my at day break. Brigadier Ifeiow firlt advanced 
 with eight hundred Coffacs, and was fupported by 
 ten fquadrons of Pereiaflaw horfe chaffeurs. The 
 latter however marched fo rapidly, that they had foon 
 advanced a quarter of a mile beyond the column. 
 
 Some peafants taken by the Coffacs reported, that 
 a confidcrable party had that very night formed a 
 junclion with the enemy, Ifeiow therefore immedi- 
 ately fent to Suworow to know if he was t© wait for 
 a reinforcement, to which that General replied by 
 oidc ys to advance. 
 
 The Ruffians, having paffed a thick wood, came 
 to a muddy pond, which was a few hundred paces 
 acrofs, and from which they extricated themfelves 
 with great difficulty, as their march raifed the mud, 
 and it became more impaffable in proportion as they 
 advanced. 
 
 In the meanwhile the Coffacs and the chaffeurs 
 B arrived in front of the enemy and formed. The 
 latter were much morenumerous than was expeQed, 
 being ranged in two lines, with their infantry in the 
 centre, the cavalry on both wings, and their front 
 covered on either fide by chaffeurs concealed in the 
 wood, together with fome pieces of cannon. They 
 were polled in a plain, which was a quarter of a mile 
 acrofs, furrounded with woods, and with feveral 
 roads in their rear. 
 
 Notwithftanding the fuperiority of their numbers, 
 die Coffacs and chaffeurs fell full gallop on the two 
 wings. They were received with a heavy difcharge 
 
CAMPAIGNS. IQJ 
 
 of cafe mot and mufkctry, and their fianks in parti- 
 cular were annoyed by fome pieces of cannon which 
 were concealed in the woods. After an a&ive re- 
 li fiance of half a quarter of an hour, the enemy's 
 flanks were beat in ; but the infantry, who were in the 
 centre, were not broken, and retreated in perfeft. or- 
 der, and the wings wheeled round and formed into 
 cloie columns. The chaffeurs, who were in ambuf- 
 cadein the wood, then alio retreated with their can 
 non ; but moft of them were cut to pieces by Briga- 
 dier Stahl, who commanded the Pereiaflaw horfe chaf- 
 feurs. 
 
 From the beginning of the engagement, Suworow, 
 perceiving the enemy were fuperior in numbers, fent 
 orders to the cavalry, who were filing off in his rear 
 into the wood, to accelerate their march. Upon 
 this, the regiments immediately advancing with the 
 utmofl eagernefs, the whole cavalry arrived at the 
 very moment the firfl engagement had concluded. 
 
 The enemy, who were retiring in three close co- 
 lumns along the roads that led to the woods, being 
 partly fupportedby their cavalry, were attacked on 
 all fides by the cavalry of the Ruffians, and by the 
 dragoons, the greater part of whom were ordered to 
 difmount. 
 
 Thefirfl column, which confifted of about a thou 
 fand men, marched to the right at a diftance of al- 
 mofl a quarter of a mile from the fecond; and the 
 General, pro tempore, Iflinief purfued them with ten 
 fquadrons of dragoons and light horfe, and a bat- 
 talion of chaffeurs. Notwithftanding a very quick 
 fire of artillery and of mufketry, he came up with 
 them on a fmall plain, killed two hundred men. 
 took thirty prifoners, and two pieces of cannon. 
 
su wo row's 
 
 and difperfed the reft of the column in the woods. 
 Thus, leaving a part of his troops, he returned with 
 the reft to the plain, where the aclion had com- 
 menced, and there found Suworow, who ordered 
 him immediately to return into the wood, becaufe, 
 according to the report of fome dragoons, the Poles 
 who had been difperfed, were aflembled, fiflnkf 
 taking with him fix fmall fquadrons of dragoons of 
 refervc, furroü'nded and attacked on all fides the 
 remainder of this column, who laid down their 
 arms, and fued for quarter. Among the prifoners, 
 of whom they took three hundred and eighty, were 
 Colonel Boland and twenty-four fuperior and ftaff 
 oncers. 
 
 On arriving in the plain where they had before 
 formed in a column, thefe prifoners requefted the 
 General to give them fome refreshment ; becaufe 
 they had been marching during feveral days, 
 and had eaten very little. He ordered them what- 
 ever was to be had, and Brigadier Stahl, who had 
 made the firft attack with the chaffeurson horfeback, 
 and who was refting. together with his fquadron at the 
 fame place, ordered his officers to make a fhort 
 halt, when the Ruffian foldiers divided their fmall 
 poitions of provifions with the fame Poles they had 
 juft been fighting. 
 
 The fquadrons and battalions of chaffeurs, form- 
 ing together thirteen hundred men, who had attack- 
 ed this cqlujmn, aflembled and ranged themfelves 
 on this plain, leaving only a party of Coffacs behind 
 to fcour the woods. 
 
 The fecond column of the enemy, which was 
 weaker than the firft, and, like that, without cavalry, 
 was purfued by a regiment of huffars and three fqua- 
 
CAMPAIGNS, IO9 
 
 drons of carabineers, under the orders of Brigadiers 
 Barafkoi and Polemanow. The General alio lent 
 after them, a battalion of chaffeurs and four fqua- 
 drons of difmounted dragoons. Thefe purfued the 
 column into the woods; but as the enemy took a 
 very narrow road, and the wood was very thick on 
 both fides, the Ruffians could not break it. At 
 length, the enemy fucceeded in difengaging them- 
 felves from their purfuers, and in joining the third 
 column of the left. 
 
 This column wasabout three thou fand men ftron^ 
 and took the great road to W arfaw, which is very 
 broad. Nine fquadrons, two battalions, and about 
 four hundred Coffacs, under the orders of Potemkin 
 and Schevitfch, were fent in purfuit of them. The 
 cavalry made a circuit, and fuddenly attacked the 
 rearguard on a fmall plain. The latter were fup - 
 ported by a hundred and fifty horfe, who were cut in 
 pieces. The infantry afterwards attacked them and 
 broke the lines; and, after a full quarter of an hour's 
 refiflance, the column took to flight, leaving about 
 five hundred men upon the field. 
 
 Potemkin had demanded a reinforcement of the 
 General, pro tempore, Illinief, who, after beating 
 the firit column, fent him five fquadrons of light 
 horfe. Potemkin alfo took the precaution of de- 
 taching three fquadrons of carabineers, with almoff. 
 all the Coffacs, to fcour the woods to the left, and 
 to cut off the road along which the column was pro- 
 ceeding. While the fecond was joining the third, Po- 
 temkin was rejoined by the fquadrons of Polemanow 
 and Baraflkoi, and both ofthem purfued their march 
 in the fame direction. 
 
 The carabineers and detached Coffacs discharged 
 
su wo row's 
 
 their commiffion in the beft manner poJTible. Ac- 
 cordingly, the column, marching along a height, did 
 not fee thefe fquadrons till they fuddenly appeared 
 before them ; while the others were on the point of 
 attacking them in the rear. A brifk fire now com- 
 menced from the column on both fides, but the bat- 
 talions of Raffianchaffeurs, inftead ofamuling them- 
 felves with the fire, fell on them with the bayonet; at 
 the fame time the five fquadrons of light horfe, who 
 could not penetrate any further acrofsthe wood, dis- 
 mounted and fell on the enemy with their fabres. 
 On the other hand, the Coffacs and carabineers did 
 the fame. The Poles defended themfelves bravely, 
 and would not afk for quarter. The battle continu- 
 ed near an hour, and they were almofl all cut in 
 pieces. Only four hundred prifoners were taken, 
 among whom were thirty fupcrior and ftaff officers, 
 together with Bicheffki, Adjutant- General of the 
 King, who was feverely wounded in the fhoulder. 
 Colonel Ratifcheffki and Olfcheffki were killed. 
 
 They took all the artillery of the Poles, confid- 
 ing of nine pieces of cannon, and a large revolu- 
 tionary flag, being the only one they had with them ; 
 and as none of thefe troops efcaped, the fate of this 
 corps, which confifted of about five thoufand men, 
 was not known at Warfaw for a coniiderable time. 
 The lofs of the Ruffians was very inconfiderable. 
 
 While they w ere approaching the enemy, and a 
 little before the action commenced, they perceived 
 a numerous train of Polifh waggons, under a weak 
 cfcort, and the General detached againft them one 
 hundred Coffacs and two fquadrons of carabineers 
 to fupport them. But before thefe arrived, the 
 Coffacs were mailers of the convoy; for the fifty 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 1 I 1 
 
 men, who were efcorting it, threw down their arms 
 and furrendered. In the waggons they found 
 bread, oats, and uniforms. 
 
 General Mayen, who commanded the corps which 
 formed the firft column of Makrawnowfki's army, 
 was lodged in a caftle near the place where the 
 troops were aflembled. But he no fooner heard the 
 report of cannon, than he fled to Warfaw, and the 
 twenty or thirty Coflacs, fent after him, were una- 
 ble to come up with him. 
 
 The infantry had not been employed, becaufe 
 they could not come up in time, on account of the 
 narrownefs of the road, and of the marfhy ground, 
 which had been rendered (till more impaflable Oy- 
 the cavalry. 
 
 The Coffees, not contented with feeing the coun- 
 try fcoured, difpatched fome parties of them acrofs 
 the woods as far as the intrenchments of Prague, two 
 miles from Kobylka, where they threw everyone into 
 the greateft alarm; as it was imagined the Ruffian 
 troops were following them. 
 
 One of thefe parties of Coflacs reported, that a 
 confiderable body of Poles were under march. Up- 
 on this, Suworow immediately fent meffengers to 
 haften the march of his infantry, which was in the rear. 
 It w r as the corps of General Gorinfki, confifting of 
 feven thoufand men, who belonged to Makranowfki, 
 and whofe intention was to go to Kobylka, but as he 
 heard the cannon echoing through the woods, he had 
 no favourable idea of the event, and returned directly 
 to Warfaw. 
 
 When this aBion, which had continued four 
 hours* was terminated, all the troops aflembled under 
 -Kobylka. where the camp was pitched. The lord of 
 
112 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 this little town, was a venerable old man, Count Un- 
 rime, who had lately arrived there, having had the 
 greater! difficulty to obtain a paflport from the revo- 
 lutionary committee at Warfaw, where he had been 
 arretted, at the commencement of the revolution. 
 The CofTacs who were detached, during the engage- 
 ment, to take poffeffion of Kobylka, miftookthis 
 perfonage for a General, becaufe he wore a blue rib- 
 band, and fecured him as an important prifoner. 
 His caftle now ferved for the head quarters, and he 
 received Suworow with open arms, at the fame time 
 congratulating him on his viclory, and felicitating 
 himfelf on thus recovering from his alarm. Suwo- 
 row invited him to dinner, together with the Gene- 
 rals and other officers, his prifoners, among whom 
 was Bifcheffki, although much incommoded by 
 his wound. But his liberty was foon reftored 
 through refpecl to the King of Poland. 
 
 Ferfen, who with his corps had marched againft 
 Okenief, did not find the enemy there. Having 
 relied therefore a fhort time, he came in hafte with 
 a party of cavalry to join General Potemkin, but 
 when he arrived all was over. Pie afterwards join- 
 ed General Suworow and encamped on his left. 
 
 Derfelden arived fhortly after him, and encamp- 
 ed on his right. Alter fcouring the country, he 
 had flopped fome days at Grodno, to procure pro- 
 vifions and bake bread, and had direcled his march 
 by Sokolow and Staniflavow. His corps confillcd 
 of .eleven battalions, fourteen fquadrons, and three 
 regiments of Collacs, amounting together to five 
 thoufand men, and was furnifhed with twenty four 
 field-pieces. The whole army under Suworow row 
 amounted to twenty-two thoufand men. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 The next day after his arrival at Kobylka, he be- 
 gan his preparations for making a vigorous attack 
 on Prague. He caufed a quantity of fafcines to be 
 made in the woods, as alfo ladders, and hurdles to 
 cover the wells, and the troops were exercifed in 
 various evolutions and manoeuvres of affault. To 
 relieve himfelf from the guard and fubfiftance of the 
 Polifh prifoners, who amounted to eighteen hundred 
 men, they were conducted under a good efcort, to- 
 gether with the artillery, to the frontiers of Rufiia. 
 
 In the meanwhile Makranowfki had arrived at 
 Prague, before Warfaw. His corps confuted of 
 twenty thoufand men, of whom five thoufand were 
 cavalry and a few thoufand fcythe-men, together 
 with forty -eight pieces of cannon, after having paf- 
 fed the Bug, had marched in three columns. The 
 firft and ftrongeft, which he commanded in perfon, 
 had palled the river near Suchozin, under the fire 
 of the Pruffian batteries^ without being detained up- 
 on their route : the fecond, under Gorzinfki, had 
 marched directly in the centre ; and the third, under 
 the command of Mayen, marching a mile to the left 
 of the direct road, had been entirely defeated under 
 Kobylka. 
 
 Makranowfki had written, during his march, to 
 the revolutionary committee at Warfaw, that he was 
 tired of his fituation, and was defirous of retiring. 
 They requefted him, however, to continue the com- 
 mand till the troops arrived at Warfaw. He was no 
 fooner there than he religned, and lived as a private 
 individual. 
 
1 1 4 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 C H A P. XIX. 
 
 WHILE the Ruffian troops, encamped under 
 the walls of Kobylka, were employed in 
 making the principal preparations for the affault, 
 General Suworow was meditating the plan of ope- 
 rations. On the third day of his refidence at Ko- 
 bylka he went to reconnoitre the intrenchments 
 of Prague with his generals and fevcral officers. 
 They were fupported by ten fquadrons of Pereia- 
 flaw horfe chafl'eurs, fix fquadrons of Oleopol 
 buflars, and a few hundred Colfacs. 
 
 They were received with a dreadful cannonade 
 from various batteries in the intrenchments, and 
 the General,^™ tempore, Iflinief had a horfe killed 
 under him. 
 
 The efcort attacked the chain of pickets of the 
 enemy at various points, drove them into the in- 
 trenchments and killed about fifty men. The 
 Poles dared not rifle a fally to oppofe this recon- 
 noitering, which was peaceably performed, and, 
 after having employed fome hours in examining the 
 molt: efTential objects, the generals returned to their 
 camp, with their fuite and their efcort, without 
 fuffering the fmalleft lofs. 
 
 Major Bilcheffki, brother of the King's Ad- 
 jutant-General, came to the camp in the King's 
 name, to a!k permiffion to carry the wounded 
 Adjutant to Warfaw to be properly attended. 
 To this Suworow confentcd without hesitation, 
 requefting the officer to prefent his homages to the 
 King, and the next day the two brothers returned 
 to War (aw with an efcort. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 Another Polifh officer came the fame clay to the 
 camp. This was Major Muller, whom the revo- 
 lutionary committee had fent, together with a phy- 
 fician, to take care of Kofciuzko. But this was 
 refufed, becaufe that General was already at a great 
 diilance, and the roads not being fafc, this requclr. 
 could not be granted without adding a confiderablc 
 efcort, which circumftances would not permit. It 
 was alfo obferved that the General was already 
 under the care of a fkilful man, and that he had all 
 the affi ftan.ee he could de fire. 
 
 The officer, who was charged with this propofi- 
 tion was accompanied by a fecond phyfician, for- 
 merly a prifoner at Warfaw, who had been fet at 
 liberty, and who was fent to attend Count Valerian 
 Zubow, having been previoufly attached to him. 
 This generous offer was accepted with gratitude. 
 
 General Suworow received Major Muller with 
 the greateft politenefs. He kept him to dinner, 
 and having formed a favourable opinion of him, 
 or, perhaps, wifliing coolly to overawe his enemy 
 by the appearance of his troops, permitted him to 
 fee them at his eafe in their camp, and ordered a 
 fubaltern officer to accompany him. Muller was 
 not a little furprifed at the prodigious activity of 
 the Ruffians, and the immenfe preparations they 
 had already made for the affault. At his return, 
 Suworow told him he was concerned at feeing the 
 Poles running into the jaws of deOruclion, by a 
 refiftancc which was equally obftinatc and fruitlefs, 
 while it was in their power to preferve their liberty 
 by accepting the amnefty; and that if they perhtted 
 in defending themfelves, they would all be put to 
 the fword. 
 
SU WOROW ? S 
 
 The Polifh General in Chief, Zeionfchik, who 
 fucceeded Makranowfki, had given Muller, as he 
 paffed, a letter to Suworow, relative to the fend- 
 ing back Kofciuzko's effects. But his demand was 
 made in fo high and uncivil a manner, that the 
 General thought proper to make him feel the im- 
 propriety of it by a vigorous anfwer in the following 
 terms. 
 
 " The mad leaders of the revolt expect to 
 " bravado Ruffia by bafe atrocities. Zei'onfchik 
 t; dreams that his new poft excufes him from the 
 " rules of politenefs. Count Suworow-Rymnifki 
 " returns him his Jacobin fcribble. Here we 
 " want no equality or frenetic liberty. No trumpet 
 " will be received, unlefs it comes in the name of 
 66 fmcere repentance, and imploring oblivion for 
 " the pad. 
 
 " C. S. R." 
 
 Major Muller returned the next day to Warfaw, 
 and carried back this reply. But in lieu of keep- 
 ing it to himfelf, Zei'onfchik read it to the revolt 
 tionary committee, where it made a lively impreflion, 
 and where feveral members of this affembly per- 
 ceived in this rigorous anfwer, the fate that threatened 
 their ephemeral power ; a prefentiment which was 
 fpeedily realized. 
 
 Ail the necefTary meafures were now taken, and 
 the preparations for the affault of Prague completed. 
 General Suworow extended and approved the plan 
 of attack, of which many of the particulars had been 
 concerted in the council of war. Thefe he com- 
 municated to all the commanding officers of regi- 
 ments, battalions, fquadrons and companies, and 
 thus every thing was ready for the affault, 
 
 4 
 
CAMPAIGNS, liy 
 
 The General had ordered that no one Ihould 
 fhew himfelf towards Prague, except thole who 
 went to reconnoitre ; nor was it allowed to fend 
 thither any patroles without his orders. According 
 to the information he had received, he knew pretty 
 well the ürength of the garrifon of that luburb, and 
 of the intrenched camp, which defended the entrance 
 of it. Thefe intrenchments were ftrongcr than 
 thole of Warfaw, and fufficiently extenfive to ferve 
 as a field of battle. The garrifon con filled of 
 thirty thoufand men. The plan of affault contain- 
 ed iixteen articles, which were to the following 
 effea. 
 
 I. The army {hall march from Kobylka againft 
 Prague in three columns by three different roads, 
 on the 2 2d of February at five o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, and fhall encamp in a circle round Prague. 
 
 II. The right wing fhall be commanded by 
 Derfelden, the centre by Lieutenant-General Po- 
 temkin, and the left wing by Lieutenant-General 
 Baron de Ferfen. 
 
 III. On the following night, when the army fliall 
 have pitched their camp, batteries fhall be creeled 
 in front of each corps,, and play throughout the day 
 on the enemy's batteries, which fliall be annoyed as 
 much as poifible. The objecl of thefe batteries is 
 to deceive the enemy, by making them believe we 
 mean to commence a regular liege, and to give the 
 generals and commanding officers of columns time 
 again to reconnoitre, under protection of the cannon, 
 the points of rendezvous for the columns and the 
 points of attack. 
 
 IV. In the night between the 23d and 24th the 
 army fliall be arranged in feven columns. Four 
 
SÜWOROW'S 
 
 fhall march to the right, two in the middle towards 
 the left, and one in the left wing to the banks of the 
 Viftula. 
 
 V. Each column (hall be preceded by one hun- 
 dred and twenty-eight arquebufiers and two hun- 
 dred and feventy-two pioneers. The former fhall 
 be commiflioned to carry the enemy's advanced pofts 
 without firing, to defend the pioneers, and to draw 
 the enemy on to the ramparts, while the approaches 
 are making. The pioneers fhall clear the roads 
 from rubbilh, and carry the fafcines, hurdles and 
 ladders. Befides thefe pioneers, each battalion 
 fhall be accompanied by thirty labourers furnifhed 
 with implements of intrenchment. 
 
 VI. As foon as the the firft column of the right 
 wing fliall have forced the enemy's intrenchments 
 with the bayonet they fhall cut off their communica- 
 tion and their retreat over the bridge. 
 
 VII. As foon as the fecond and third column fhaji 
 have taken the works, and batteries they fhall range 
 themfelves in order of battle in the great fquare. 
 
 VIII; The fourth column, after furmounting 
 every obflacle, and taking the two cavaliers, fhall 
 immediately feize the park of artillery. 
 
 IX. The three laft columns fhall make their 
 attack half an hour later, to give time to the enemy, 
 who are known to be more numerous towards 
 their right, to carry their ftrength to the other 
 fide, and thus to afTure the fuccefs of the ma- 
 noeuvre. 
 
 The feventh column are particularly ordered to 
 march to the alfault, directing their courfe againtt; 
 the ifland in the final! river, and to fend, if pofhblc, 
 a detachment to the left, towards the bank of the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 119 
 
 Viflula, to affin; the firft column to cut off the re- 
 treat of the enemy by the bridge. 
 
 X. As Toon as the columns fhall have pierced 
 through the enemy and formed, they lhall imme- 
 diately fall upon the enemy with the fabre and 
 bayonet. 
 
 XI. The bodies of referve of each column, 
 compofed of two battalions and two fquadrons, to- 
 gether with thofe who conduct the flying artillery of 
 the columns, fhall march at a diftance of one hun- 
 dred and fifty paces behind each column, lhall im- 
 mediately form on the parapet of the firft intrench- 
 ment, and (hall by means of the pioneers clear the 
 road as much as poffible for the cavalry. 
 
 XII. As foon as all the columns (hall have carried 
 the fecond intrenchment, they mail clear the ftrcets 
 of Prague, and overthrow the enemy with the bay- 
 onet, without (topping for trifles, or entering into 
 the hou fes, and then the bodies of referve fhall 
 occupy the fecond intrenchment in the fame or- 
 der and with the fame objecl, as is above pointed 
 out. 
 
 XIII. At the fame time all the field artillery, 
 conlilting of eighty-fix pieces of cannon, fhall occu 
 py the outermoft intrenchment, and fhall be fup- 
 ported by one third of the cavalry ; and the remain- 
 ing two-thirds fhall keep on the two wings, obferving 
 a proper diftance. 
 
 XIV. The Coffacs fhall remain in the place 
 affigned them behind the columns. Thole who 
 fhall be between the fourth and fifth columns at the 
 beginning of the afiault, fhall approach the intrench- 
 raent crying out Hurra ! and thofe who fhall be 
 
120 
 
 s u wo row's 
 
 ported on the banks of the Viftula, fhall keep their 
 poll, forming a femicircle. 
 
 XV. The troops mult ac~t with the greateft energy 
 againft thofe who are under arms, but fhall fpare 
 inhabitants, unarmed perfons, and thofe who fhall 
 afk for quarters. 
 
 XVI. Asfoonas the bufmefs fhall be terminat- 
 ed, a proper ground fhall be fought, for ere&ing 
 batteries, where the field artillery fhall be placed, 
 and the troops fhall immediately begin a brifk can- 
 nonade on Warfaw. 
 
 Accordingly the "army began to march, at the 
 appointed hour on the 2 2d Oclober, from the camp 
 of Kobylka, in three bodies, againft Prague, two 
 miles from the place from which they fet out. The 
 troops marched with drums beating and colours 
 flying, they arrived at ten o'clock in the morning 
 at the appointed polls, and ranged themfelves round 
 Prague beyond the reach of the cannon. 
 
 At their approach the enemy's advanced pofts 
 remained at their ftations, but the Ruffians attacked 
 them with the bayonet. This excited an alarm in 
 the middle of their intrenchmenU, which was heard 
 at a great diftance. 
 
 The troops encamped, and the Generals, having 
 made all the arrangements relative to the good order 
 of the camp, mounted their horfes in the afternoon 
 to reconnoitre. General Suworow infpecled the 
 whole camp in the evening and paffed the night 
 there. 
 
 Towards midnight batteries were fpecdily creeled 
 in front of the three corps. On thefe two thoufand 
 men were fet to w ork, fupported by fix battalions, 
 and by live in the morning the batteries were finifh 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 ed. There was one of twenty-two pieces of cannon 
 on the right wing, one of fixteen in the centre, and 
 one of forty -eight on the left wing. 
 
 At break of day the Ruffians began to ufe all 
 their artillery, and were anfwered from the intrench- 
 ment, by a very brifk fire^ which however annoyed 
 them but little. The agitation among the enemy 
 on feeing thefe batteries fo fpeedily erected, and of 
 which there was not the fmalleit appearance the pre- 
 ceding evenings was very great. 
 
 The generals, commanders of columns, and 
 feveral other officers again mounted their horfes to 
 reconnoitre^ and attentively examined the points 
 where the columns w r ere to affemble and attack. 
 Thefe various places were pointed out by Lieuten- 
 ant-Colonel Iwafchow and quarter-mafter Gluckow 
 of the engineers. The enemy exerted themfelves 
 to the utmoft to prevent this operation, kept up a 
 Very brifk fire from their mortars, and fent out fome 
 rifle-men, againft whom were difpatched two batta- 
 lions who repulfed them. 
 
 Suworow alfo w T ent to reconnoitre with fome 
 perfons of his fuite, and made feveral additions to 
 the plan of affault. Till the very moment when 
 it was to begin, he paffed the night at Belalenka, a 
 fmall village about a mufket (hot behind the camp. 
 
 At three in the morning the troops began to march 
 In feven columns. The firft and fecond were led by 
 Lieutenant- General Derfelden, under whom Major- 
 General Lafci commanded the firft, and Colonel 
 Prince Laborow Raftowfki the fecond. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Potemkin led the lecond, 
 and under his orders Major-General Iflinief and 
 
 Q 
 
122 
 
 S U WOROW'S 
 
 Burhawden commanded die third and fourth co- 
 lumns. The three columns of the right wing were 
 led by Lieutenant- General Baron de Ferfen, under 
 whom were Major-Generals Tormafaw, Rachma- 
 nou and Dcnizow. All the cavalry were under the 
 orders of Major-General Schwitten, and command- 
 ed by Brigadiers Polewanow, Barawfkoi, Stahl, and 
 Saburow. Its bufinefs was to fupport the field 
 artillery and defend the columns on each wing. 
 
 The fir ft column confided of two battalions of 
 Livonian chaffeurs, and three battalions of Fanagor 
 grenadiers; and the body of referve, of the Tuli 
 regiment of mufketeers, and three fquadrons of Kio- 
 wie horfe chaffeurs. 
 
 The fecond column confided of two battalions of 
 Bielorufs chaffeurs, the Abfcherow regiment of muf- 
 ti ueteers and a battalion of mufqueteers from Nifow ; 
 the body of referve, of the fecond battalion of Nifow 
 mufketeers and five fquadrons of Kinburn dragoons 
 who ferved on foot. 
 
 The third column confifted of two battalions of 
 Livonian chaffeurs, and four battalions of Cherfon 
 grenadiers; and the body of referve, of a battalion of 
 Smolenfki mufketeers, five fquadrons of Smolenfki' 
 di (mounted dragoons, and three fquadrons of Pereia- 
 flaw horfe chaffeurs. 
 
 The fourth column confifted of the third battalion 
 ofBielorus chaffeurs, the fourth battalion of the 
 corps of Livonian chaffeurs, and the regiment of Af- 
 fe w mufketeers; and the body of referve, of the 
 Naefki regiment of mufketeers, the five other fqua- 
 drons of difmounted Smolenfki dragoons, and three 
 fquadrons of Oleopol huffars. 
 
 The fifth column confifted of the firft battalion of 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 123 
 
 CatherinofJaw chaffeurs, the Kurfki regiment of mus- 
 quetcers, and a battalion of grenadiers, formed oi 
 different companies; and the body of rcferve, of a- 
 nother battalion of the fame, a battalion of Nowo- 
 gorod mufketeers, and three fquadrons of Elizabeth- 
 grad horfe chaffeurs. 
 
 The fixth column confirmed of a battalion of Ca- 
 therinoflaw horfe chaffeurs and three battalions of Si- 
 berian grenadiers'; and the body of rcferve of the Nc- 
 prow regiment of mufqueteers and the three fqua- 
 drons of Oleopol huffars. 
 
 Laftly, the feventh column confided of two hun- 
 dred Tfchomomor Coffacs, two battalions of Ca- 
 therinoflaw chaffeurs, and the Kofelow regiment of 
 mufketeers; and the body of referve, of the regi- 
 ment of mufketeers from Ugli and three fquadrons of 
 Elizabethgrad horfe chaffeurs. 
 
 The cavalry upon the right wing confifled of two 
 fquadrons of Kiowie horie chaffeurs, four fquadrons 
 of carabineers, two from Sever and two from Sophi, 
 and fix fquadrons of Mariopol light horfe. Between 
 the fourth and fifth columns, on account of the great- 
 nefs of that interval, and to cover the artillery, was 
 placed an intermediate corps of feven fquadrons of 
 Pereiaflaw horfe chaffeurs, and five fquadrons of 
 Alexander light horfe. On the right wing of the 
 fifth column were ten fquadrons of Tfchcrnikow and 
 Glukow carabineers, and three fquadrons of Oleo- 
 pol huffars. 
 
 On the left wing between the fixth and feventh 
 columns were four fquadrons ofElizabethgrad horfe 
 chaffeurs, fix fquadrons of Achtik light horfe, and 
 three fquadrons of Woroni huffars. The Coflac^ 
 occupied the four principal points of the two wings 
 
124 SUWOROW'S 
 
 on the banks of the Viftula, and were to the number 
 of three hundred and fifty, and fix hundred and thir- 
 ty; and between the fourth and filth columns to the 
 number of four hundred and twenty -five, and feven 
 hundred and fifty. 
 
 The Ruffian troops who were ready to put them- 
 felves in motion in the order here defcribed, were 
 waiting for the fignal in the profoundeft filence. 
 General Suworow gave the word of Belabenka, and 
 the m ulket, which was the fignal of attack, was fired 
 at five in the morning. Immediately they were all 
 in motion, although it was then very dark. Suworow 
 went in perfon and pofted himfelf on a height, whence 
 he might obferve every thing that paffed, about a 
 werft from the outermoftof the enemy's works. 
 
 The two firft columns, as well as the bodies of 
 referve in the interval between them, were expofedl 
 during their approach to the crofs fire of feveral bat- 
 teries, namely, of that which they were attacking, of 
 thofe of the (mail illands which were fortified on the 
 Viftula, of thole of Marimont and even of Warfaw, 
 and on their flanks to afire of cafe (hot, andofmuf- 
 ketry. But nothing could difcourage them, and 
 they rapidly leaped the ditch and the parapet, and fell 
 upon the cavalry and infantry that were behind them. 
 Brigadier Polewanow caufed thefetwo firft columns 
 to be fupported by fome fquadrons of horfe chaf- 
 feurs, who leaped over the ditch, attacked the remain 
 der of the enemy's cavalry, and defeated them with 
 the bayonet. 1 he infantry drove the enemy to the 
 banks of the Viftula, penetrated into the fuburb it- 
 felf, purfued them from ftreet to ftreet, as far as the 
 bridge, cut oiT their retreat over it, killed two thou- 
 jfand men upon the fpot, and made two thoufand 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 125 
 
 priioners, among whom were feveral officers and two 
 Generals. About one thoufand men, who attempt- 
 ed to fave themfelves by fwimming, perifhed in the 
 Viftula. 
 
 The third and fourth columns were obliged to af- 
 cend afmall Tandy hill, where they found great ab 
 jtacles to be furmounted. Impatient to arrive, the 
 greater part threw away their hurdles and fa feines, 
 in order to march fafter over the fand, and only made 
 ufe of their ladders, helping each other with their 
 hands to pafs the lix lines of wells the enemy had 
 dug. 
 
 The third column took poffeffion of two ftrong 
 detached baftions, and penetrated, notwithstanding 
 a vigorous re G Ranee, into the interior of the works. 
 They had particular reafon to fear the efforts of the 
 enemy's cavalry, who put themfelves in motion to 
 fall upon their flank ; but General Iflinief imme- 
 diately ordered fome battalions of grenadiers to form 
 a line and attack them with the bayonet. T his 
 manoeuvre obliged the enemy to take to flight. 
 
 The fourth column took a cavalier, and an advan- 
 ced fort, furrounded with a ftqne wall, and their bat- 
 teries, which were palifadoed. Thefe troops then 
 immediately divided, and penetrated on both tides 
 into the park. They leaped over the hedge and the 
 parapet, carried five more batteries, and attacked the 
 enemy in front, and on their flanks. Thus the ene- 
 my had two thoufand men cut in pieces, and Gene- 
 ral Hcefler was taken prifoner, with twenty other 
 officers. 
 
 There was alfo towards the park, a regiment of 
 the ! ine, compofed entirely of Jews, to the number 
 gf five hundred, well armed and equipped.and on the 
 
12Ö 
 
 SU WOROW'S 
 
 fame footing with the other Polifh regiments, from 
 whom they could not be diftinguifhed. They made 
 an obftinate defence, but were at length all deftroy- 
 ed to the very laft man, except their Colonel Hir- 
 fchko, who prudently remained at Warfaw. 
 
 While thefe two columns were approaching the 
 laft fort of the interior intrenchment, a magazine of 
 powder and bombs blew up, but the vicinity of 
 this explofion did not, for a moment delay their 
 march. 
 
 The fifth column overcame every difficulty with 
 prodigious rapidity, carried the batteries, and after 
 having penetrated into the fuburb, went directly by 
 the great ftreet, to the bridge, and affifted the infan- 
 try of the firft colurrm, to cut off the retreat of the 
 fugitives over the bridge of Warfaw. 
 
 The feventh column met with many obftacles. 
 They had been obliged to fet forward on the march 
 much fooner than the other columns, to file round a 
 marfh. They paffed through two villages, formed 
 themfelves into a column, arrived at the intrench- 
 ment raifed between the pond and the fmall arm 
 of the Viflula, carried three batteries, and marched 
 on. The enemy'* cavalry which had endeavoured 
 to {top their progrefs, were cut off by a part of this 
 column, and the reft were deftroyed by the bayonet 
 or thrown into the Viflula, where nearly a thoufand 
 men perifhed, and five hundred were taken pri- 
 foners. 
 
 As foon as the columns were in poffefiion of the 
 advanced polts, and had penetrated beyond them, 
 the bodies of referve advanced towards the points 
 prefcribed them, and foon after the artillery per- 
 formed the fame manoeuvre', fupported by the cavaU 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 127 
 
 ry of referve, which took a number of prifoners 
 among thole who were flying. 
 
 Till this period the columns had combated and 
 rep ul fed the enemy in the great interval which 
 feparated the external intrenchments from the for- 
 iiheations of the fuburb, as in the field of battle. 
 They now penetrated into the fartheft of the for- 
 tifications of Prague itfelf, and began to make a 
 dreadful carnage in the ftreets and public fquares, 
 which were deluged with blood. The moft dread- 
 ful of thefe fcenes was the mafTacre of fome thoufand 
 men, arretted in their flight on the banks of the 
 Viftula. The Ruffians took three thoufand four 
 hundred prifoners, and the remainder were killed 
 with the fword and bayonet, or drowned in the 
 river before the eyes of the inhabitants of Warfaw, 
 who, from the oppohte bank, vainly ftretched 
 forth their hands to affift them. 
 
 So great a number of prifoners however, taken 
 at a fingle point during the heat of the action, 
 leaves no doubt of the moderation of the conquer- 
 ors ; and this fact, which, like all the reft of this ac- 
 tion, was fully authenticated, at length deftroyed the 
 exaggerated accounts and pamphleteering declam- 
 ations, which, by doubling the numbers of the 
 killed, endeavoured to tarnifn the glory of the 
 Ruffian General. Befides, were equity at all 
 compatible with party fpirit, the writers who have 
 deplored the fate of Poland would have obferved, 
 that it is rarely in the power of the leaders to fuf- 
 pend or curb the impetuofity of the foldiers in the 
 heat of the action, ftill lefs in the fury of an alfauk, 
 and, lea ft of all, in fuch an affault as that of 
 Prague, where the majority of the Ruffians were 
 
128 
 
 £u\voro\v's 
 
 animated with the remembrance of their Joffes 
 during the infurre&ion of Warfaw in 1793. 
 
 But another equally lamentable fpe&acle pre- 
 fented itfelf to the inhabitants of that capital in 
 the burning of feveral houfes of Prague, the def- 
 truction of which feemed to menace them with a 
 fpeedy fate. At once they heard balls hiffing on 
 every fide, bombs burfting, and the cries of the 
 dying. The mournful found of the tocfin increaf- 
 ed the noife of the artillery, and the confirmation 
 was univerfal amidft all clafles of the inhabitants. 
 
 A bomb fell into the hall of the revolutionary 
 council while the members were afTembled, and in 
 burfting, killed the fecretary, who was reading a 
 paper to the members. 
 
 About a thoufand perfons of both fexes took 
 refuge, together with their moft valuable property, 
 in and before the houfe of the Englifh Miniiter, in 
 hopes of being fpared when the Ruffians entered the 
 city. But thole of the fuburb had no retreat, 
 becaufe the General, who had caufed the approaches 
 to the bridge to be defended from the beginning of 
 the afTault, caufed it to be burnt on the fide towards 
 the Ruffians, to prevent Warfaw from being expofed 
 either to mafTacre or pillage. After fome time, he 
 caufed the cannonade to be flackened. At length, 
 the fire of the artillery wholly ceafed, and at nine 
 in the morning, that is, after four hours fighting, the 
 afTault was finally terminated. 
 
 There are few examples of a military operation 
 fo boldly conceived, fo fkilfully performed, or fo 
 important in its confequences ; lince, by extinguish- 
 ing in a (ingle day the fire of the infurrettion, it 
 caufed the overthrow of a throne, the cortftitutional 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 129 
 
 exiftence of which had given rife to fo many 
 ftorms, and thus finally reltored the public tran- 
 quillity. 
 
 It required undoubtedly, the greater! intrepidity 
 to ftrike this decifive blow j for the Ruffians were 
 obliged to penetrate by pure force a triple intrench- 
 ment, which was defended by a formidable artillery 
 and a garrifon of thirty thou fand men, before the 
 eyes of the capital of the kingdom, which founded 
 all its hopes on this bulwark, which was defended 
 by its braveft warriors. 
 
 Of the Poles, thirteen thoufand men lay upon 
 the field of battle, one third of whom were the 
 flower of the youth of Warfaw j above two thou- 
 fand were drowned in the Viftula, and the number 
 of prifoners was little infeiior to that of the killed ; 
 for it amounted to fourteen thoufand, fix hundred, 
 and eighty. Of thefe, eight thoufand were imme- 
 diately fet at liberty, and the others enjoyed the 
 fame favour the next day. 
 
 Among the prifoners were Generais Mayen, 
 Hefler, and Crupinfki, five colonels, twenty-five 
 fiaff officers^ and four hundred and thirteen fuperior 
 officers. Generals Jafcinfki, Korfeck, Kwaschnef- 
 fki, and Grabowfki were killed. Only eight hun- 
 dred men faved themfelves by flying over the bridge 
 to Warfaw. 
 
 Jafcinfki, one of the beft officers of engineers, 
 and of artillery, in the Polifh army, and leader of 
 the revolution at Wilna, had come on a vi fit to 
 his friends at Warfaw, the evening before the aflaulf, 
 and had told them, that if the Ruffians were not 
 repulfed, they would never fee him more, as be 
 
 R 
 
SU WQ RGW*» 
 
 was refoived to periöi. He was killed, fworu ki 
 hand, by the bayonet, in the firft intrenchment. 
 
 The Ruffians loft five hundred and eighty men, 
 eight of whom were fuperior and ftafF officers; and 
 they had nine hundred wounded, twenty-three of 
 whom were fuperior and ftafT officers. They had. 
 under arms, at this aftault, twenty-two thoufand 
 men, viz. fifteen thoufand infantry and artillery* 
 four thoufand horfe, and about three thoufand 
 Coffacs. 
 
 The Poles, who had been deceived by the batte- 
 ries erected by the Ruffians, were perfuaded they 
 would undertake a regular fiege. This error con- 
 foled and encouraged them the more, as the ap- 
 proach of winter would probably fufpend the fiege, 
 and leave them in repofe till the next year. The 
 night before the aflault, they had removed thirty-fix 
 pieces of cannon from Warfaw to Prague, and had 
 only kept thirty guns on the other bank of the 
 Viftula. This fire did the Ruffians more mifchief 
 than that of the intrenchments. 
 
 The artillery taken from the enemy confided of 
 one hundred and four pieces of cannon and mor- 
 tars, chiefly of large calibre. 
 
 As foon as all was over, General Suworow gave 
 the command of Prague to General Burhawden, 
 who occupied it with fix battalions, ten fquadrons, 
 two regiments of Coffacs, and all the field artillery, 
 raoft part of which were pointed againfl the bridge, 
 and the reft towards the river. A ftrong guard was 
 let, and pickets Rationed in the fuburb and out of 
 it, and the reft of the troops encamped round 
 Prague, and in the intrenchments, forming a fenu- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 circle, of which each extremity terminated at the 
 river. 
 
 Suworow took up his Ration under the cavalier, 
 without the intrenchment, near the park. Here he 
 affembled feveral of the Generals and fuperior offi 
 cers, and they congratulated each other on the 
 victory. Suworow ordered fome refreshment to 
 be ferved, to which he invited the Polifh Generals, 
 his prifoners. The officers were allowed to retain 
 their fabres and were treated amicably. 
 
 After this repaft, General Suworow took a few 
 hours reft, on fome ftraw, in one of the foldier's 
 tents, and a Kalmuk tent, called Kibika, was pre- 
 pared for him to pafs the night. 
 
 He alfo gave orders relative to the fwibfidence of 
 the prifoners, and the care of the wounded, moll of 
 whom were fent back to Warfaw and fet at liberty. 
 In the afternoon, the troops were employed in car- 
 rying otF the artillery taken from the enemy, and 
 removing the arms, tents and other military imple- 
 ments to the places of their deftination. 
 
 The night was no lefs tranquil than the morning 
 had been tumultuous. Only a few guns were fired 
 from Warfaw at day break, but the Ruffian artillery 
 did not deign to anfwer their fire. 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 THE day after the taking of Prague, fome mem- 
 bers of the Magiftracy arrived there at day 
 break with a letter from the King, and a note from 
 the council of Warfaw, to treat relative to a capj.- 
 
i$2 SU WO ROW'S 
 
 tulation ; they were conducted into the tent of 
 the General, pro tempore, Iflinicf, who had a 
 conference with them, and read the difpatches, 
 which they delivered to him. 
 
 Thofe of the Magiftracy w T ere as follows : 
 " The council of the city of Warfaw, appointed 
 to watch over the happinefs and tranquillity of the 
 inhabitants, are taking every meafure in their power 
 to prevent any troubles on the approach of the 
 Ruffian troops, and, as they have fucceeded in 
 keeping good order in the city, they have refolved 
 toäddrefshis Excellency Count Suworow, General 
 in chief of the Ruffian troops, to entreat him to 
 fave the lives and property of the inhabitants, if 
 the troops in Warfaw lay down their arms. With 
 this view the Magiftracy have deputed MefTrs. 
 Makarowitfch, Barakowfki and Straltowfki to con- 
 fer with his Excellency, and to alle him, both in the 
 name of the Magiftracy and of all the inhabitants, a 
 fufpenfion of arms, until the articles of capitulation 
 fhall be fetilcd." 
 
 * , jrr r 24th Bob er, 
 At Warfaw. J, AT 17Q4. 
 J 5 4th November, 
 
 Iflinicf immediately informed 1 Suworow of 
 the arrival of thefe deputies. The General re- 
 ceived the news with the greateft fatisfaclion, and 
 immediately dictated the following articles to his 
 
 iecretary : 
 
 I. The troops of Warfaw fhall lay down their 
 arms without the city, at the fpot to be affigned, but 
 they (hall be treated with geritlenefs. 
 
 II. All the artillery and ammunition fhall be 
 brought to the lame place. 
 
CAMPAIGNS, I33 
 
 III. The bridge fhall be repaired as foon as 
 poffible, that the Ruffian troops may enter the 
 city to take po Hellion of it, and protect the inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 IV. It is promifed in the fupremc name of her 
 Imperial Majefty, that the military fhall have 
 liberty to return to their homes, or wherefoevef they 
 fhall pleafe to go, and the fafety of the city and 
 of their property is guranteed ; but every thing muft 
 be finifhed before the entry of the Imperial 
 army. 
 
 V. His Majefty the king fhall retain the fame 
 dignity as before. 
 
 VI. It is again declared, in the moft folemn man- 
 ner, to all the inhabitants, that they have no caufe 
 of alarrn for their property or perfons, and that they 
 may rely on oblivion for the paft. 
 
 VII. The troops of her Imperial majefty fhall 
 
 enter the city this afternoon or to-morrow, as foon 
 
 as the bridge fhall be repaired. 
 
 Al tl . r n 22 d October, 
 
 At the camp of Prague, ^ Nove J er ^ 1 794- 
 
 (Signed) Count Suworo w Rymnikski. 
 
 Suworow immediately fent back General Ifiinief 
 to the plenipotentiaries of the Magiftracy, to com- 
 municate thefe articles to them, on hearing which 
 they were tranfported with joy, and their eyes were 
 full of tears while they read, as they had not Mattered 
 themfelves with fo much indulgence. 
 
 After difcharging this commiftion, General Ifii- 
 nief conducted the deputies to Suworow who was 
 feated before his tent ; but perceiving them much 
 cmbarraHed on approaching him, he fprang from 
 
*34 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 his feat, threw his fabre at his feet, and crying out 
 in the Polifh language Pakoi (peace,) ran up to 
 them, embraced them, brought them into his tent, 
 and leated them on the ground by his fide. They 
 burft into tears, expreflftng by this mute eloquence, 
 which was far more expreffive than words, all the 
 fentiments of joy, gratitude and admiration, with 
 which they were affecled. Suworow entertained 
 them with kindnefs, ordered them fome rcrrefh- 
 ments, and requefted them to inform him, within 
 four-and-twenty hours, of the determination of 
 the Magiflxacy, relative to the articles delivered 
 them. 
 
 During the interval of this anfwer from Warfaw, 
 the day was employed in clearing the ftreets and 
 fquares of Prague, and in interring the dead. In 
 the evening Suworow retired to his quarters at 
 Belalinka, where he paffed the night. 
 
 The next day at ten in the morning the fame 
 deputies returned from Warfaw to the head quar- 
 ters with the following anfwer to the propofitions. 
 
 I. The citv of Warfaw will peaceably lay down 
 their arms at filch place as fhall be judged proper. 
 
 II. The city of Warfaw has no artillery or 
 ammunition. 
 
 III. The city of Warfaw will order the bridge 
 to be repaired as foon as poffible, that her Impe- 
 rial Maje fly's troops may take poffeffion of the 
 city, and take the inhabitants under their pro- 
 tection. 
 
 IV. The city of Warfaw have the honour of in- 
 forming his Excellency the Count de Suworow, 
 that they have no troops under their orders, and 
 therefore cannot fully comply with the fourth 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 335 
 
 article, but they will make all the efforts in their 
 power to induce the military commanders to con- 
 form to it. 
 
 V. The city of Warfaw, which has always 
 treated its kings with refpecf, will with pleafure 
 fulfil the duty of which they are reminded by this 
 article. 
 
 VI. The city of Warfaw confiders, as the 
 bafis of all the other articles, this promife of fafety 
 to the inhabitants for their perfons and property, 
 and the engagement of the Ruffians to forget the 
 paft. 
 
 VI. It is wholly impohTble to comply with his 
 Excellency's orders in To fhort a fpace of time, that 
 the Ruffian troops may enter the city to-morrow. 
 The repairs of the bridge require fome days, and the 
 troops of the republic are unable to march at 
 prefent, fince it will require about a week to evacu- 
 ate the place. 
 
 a l j. l TT* 7 r ±1 z^th OBober* 
 At the I own-houfe. the ~, , r 7 17Q4- 
 
 J ' ßth November, 
 
 The deputies had alfo fome verbal commiffions 
 relative to the exchange of prifoners, and the 
 currency of the paper in circulation, of which 
 the Magiftracy were defirous of keeping up the 
 credit. 
 
 Thefe articles of reply appeared fome what fufpi- 
 cious, and it feemed as if their objecl was to gain 
 time. Hence Suworow required the deputies to re- 
 turn immediately to Warfaw, to obtain a more pre- 
 cife determination. He alfo delivered them fome 
 additional articles, withaletter to the following effett. 
 
 " I obferve with pleafure that both parties are 
 
SÜWOROw'i 
 
 agreed as to the moft effential articles. I demand 
 that order be given to the royal corps in the city, to 
 conduct them (elves amicably towards thofe of my 
 lbvereign which are to enterit, and to maintain good 
 order and tranquillity. On thefe conditions I will 
 be anfwerable to the inhabitants for the fafety of their 
 lives and property, and for oblivion for the pad." 
 
 At the Camp of Prague, the f/J 1 ^^ 1794. 
 c J ' 6th November, 
 
 Count Suworow Rymni*k.ski. 
 
 Supplement to the Articles of Capitulation. 
 
 I. The Magiftracy fhall caufe the inhabitants to be 
 difarmed, and their arms carried over in boats to 
 Prague; they mall alfo caufe the arms that are found 
 in the (hops to be delivered up to them. 
 
 II. The city of Warfaw fhall deliver up the arfe- 
 nal, powder and ammunition in the corps of her Im- 
 perial Majefty, who {hall have orders to receive them. 
 
 III. The city of Warfaw, in confequence of the 
 promife that has been given them, fhall require the 
 Polifh troops to lay down their arms, and if they 
 mould not confent they fhall order them to evacuate 
 the city. 
 
 IV. Time is given till the 28th Ocl.-8th Nov. for 
 the repair of the bridge, and for the prolongation of 
 the armiftice. As to the repair of the bridge, the 
 troops of her Imperial Majefty fhall be ordered to 
 affift, in order to accelerate the work. 
 
 V. All the Ruffian prifoners detained at Warfaw 
 fhall be fet at liberty to-morrow, 271h Qcl.^th Nov. 
 
 VI. The inhabitants Ihall requeft his Majefty to 
 order the regular troops to lay down their arms, ex- 
 cept four hundred men for his horfe -guards, and 600 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 137 
 
 for his foot-guards, who fhall remain around his per- 
 fon, and do duty at the cattle. 
 
 VII. The council of the city (hall be upon the 
 bridge with all its members, and mall prefent the keys 
 of the city to the commander in chief, at the entry of 
 her Imperial Majetty's troops. All the houfes of 
 the city (hall be fhuf. 
 
 VIII. The Magiftracy fhall deliver up the ar- 
 chives, and all their correfpondence to the Ruffian 
 minitter. 
 
 Count Suworow Rymnikski. 
 
 General Burhawden, who commanded at Prague, 
 now received orders, immediately to repair the 
 bridge of the cattle, which had been burned at the 
 end towards that fubuib. 
 
 General Ferfen was ordered to caufe the divinon 
 of Major-General Denifow to pais the river at the 
 little town of Korezew, four miles from Prague, and 
 to go thither himfelf with the reft of his corps. 
 
 The object; of this order was to attack the troops 
 who mould fly from War fa w with their arms, and at 
 the fame time, in cafe of any treachery or infurrec- 
 tion in that capital, to fly thither immediately, and to 
 attack it on the other fide towards the country. 
 
 Barons d'Afch and de Buhler, who were members 
 of the corps diplomatic, and prifoners at W arfaw, to- 
 gether with many others, were fet at liberty on their 
 parole, and came the fame day to Suworow's camp, 
 to offer him their warraeft acknowledgements, both 
 for themfelves, and in the name of the prifoners. 
 They returned after dinner, where their pre fence had 
 a good effect, and contributed much to infpire the in- 
 habitants with confidence. 
 
 S 
 
138 SUWOROW 's 
 
 In the night between the 26th and^yth of OBober, 
 there was a great tumult at Warfaw. The troops 
 under the orders of Wavrofchewfki at:empted to 
 carry away the King, and all the Rufiian pntoners. 
 
 The ill-difpoied among the inhabitants joined the 
 military, and, fprcading through various parts of the 
 city, committed many exceffes and robberies. To 
 pjeyent the execution of this plot, of which they 
 Jorelaw the confequences, the Magiftracy ordered 
 the people to pppofe it, and to repel force by force. 
 In confequence of this, feveral thou fand of the in- 
 habitants, who were obedient to the Magiltracy, went 
 to the caftle and neighbouring ttreets, to obitrucl the 
 paflage, and unanimously declared to-the infurgents, 
 that they would not fuffer the King to be carriedoff, 
 as his preience was deciflveto the fate of the city; 
 and that they would rather facrifice their lives, than 
 permit an ac\ of violence, fo fatal to the public good. 
 
 In the afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Hofman 
 came to the General's quarters with fome verbal 
 committions, and a letter from the King, requeuing 
 Suworow to poftpone his entry into Warfaw for 
 a week, that delay being abfolutely necelfary for the 
 evacuation of the place. (This letter is inferted in 
 the Supplement, B.) 
 
 Hofman was fent back to the King, accompanied 
 by Major Hoffen, to communicate to His Majelty, 
 the decifion of General Suworow, who, in lieu oi 
 confentingto the delay demanded, begged the King 
 to coniider the tumult that had taken, place the pre- 
 ceding night, and of which he was informed, as an 
 additional motive to accelerate his entry into the ci- 
 ty as much as pofhble; and declared that it mould 
 take place in two days, as well to guard the perform! 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 139 
 
 fafety of the King, as to reftore the public tranquil- 
 lity. 
 
 The King of Poland liftened with great attention 
 to the report ofthefe two officers, and acknowledged 
 thejuftice of General Suworow's obfervations. In 
 the meanwhile, Wavrofchewfki. bein^ traverfed in 
 the execution ofhis defigns by the rehftance of the 
 people, in concert with the fupreme council, placed 
 the authority into the hands of the King, declaring 
 he no longer faw any means of providing for the fafe- 
 ty of the republic. The firft ufe the Monarch made 
 ofhis power, was to leave to Suworow the choice of 
 the day when he would make his entry into the city, 
 promiling to caufe the bridge to be re-eftabiifhed 
 as fpeedily as poflible. Hofman carried this arrfwer 
 to the camp at four o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 In the meanwhile, Ignatius Potocki came to the 
 camp before dinner, to renew the King's requelt, 
 dill to poftpone the entry a week. He difmounted 
 at Lieutenant-General Potemkin's, together with 
 whom he was invited to dine with General Su- 
 worow. 
 
 While they were at table, Maftowfki alfo came 
 from Warfaw. When he was announced, the Ge- 
 neral arofe to go and meet him in the antichainber, 
 taking with him, Potocki, and the General, pro 
 tempore, Iilinief, and Ihewed them into his Itudy. 
 Maftowfki delivered to Potocki a letter, under feal, 
 from the King, the contents of which were commu- 
 nicated to Suworow ; namely, an unlimited power 
 to treat on the conditions of peace. 
 
 The General was much concerned to obferve fo 
 many delays and contradictions, and anfwered, in 
 few words, 46 We are not at war with Poland. Her 
 
su wo row's 
 
 " Imperial Majefty did not fend me hither as a mi, 
 " nilter, but as General in Chief, to annihilate the 
 " army of the infurgents. I mall not enter into 
 " explanations on any fubjecl; foreign to my duty." 
 
 Maftowfki immediately returned to Warfaw; 
 but Potocki came back to table, and fet off after 
 dinner. 
 
 Suworow had been advifed to keep Count Po- 
 tocki, who was one of the principal leaders of the 
 revolution, as an hoftage for the Rufi.an prifoners ; 
 but he rejected the idea, faying, " why mould we 
 
 detain an hoftage? All the prifoners will be fet 
 " at liberty without it : behdes, it would be a crime 
 <: to betray the confidence of an enemy, who is 
 u come to negociate on the faith of an armiftice." 
 
 When the fuburb of Prague was quite cleared, 
 Suworow removed his head-quarters thither from 
 Belalinka, that he might be nearer to the Viftula, 
 and the centre of his operations. 
 
 The detachment commanded by Denifow, had 
 already pafTed the river; the cavalry fwimming, and 
 the infantry one half on the horfes' croups, and the 
 other in the boats, which alfo carried over the ar- 
 tillery. The infurgents who were on the oppolite 
 banks, endeavoured to oppofe this manoeuvre, but 
 were re pulled, and nothing (topped the progrefs of 
 the Ruffians. 
 
 The next morning, at day break (28 Oclober), 
 the fame deputies returned from Warfaw with two 
 letters, one from the King, and one from the Ma- 
 giftracy, requefting that the Ruffians wou;d make 
 their entry as foon as pofTible. They declared that 
 their prcfencc was indifpenfably neceffary, on ac- 
 count of the inteiline troubles, and the danger that 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 141 
 
 threatened the perfon of the King; that the infur- 
 gents had gone out of the city, under arms, and had 
 flopped in the neighbourhood, where they excited 
 great uneafinefs. 
 
 The letter from the King is inferted in the Sup- 
 plement, letter C. That of the Magiflracy was in 
 the following terms: 
 
 " The Magiflracy of the city of Warfaw, after 
 having fully executed the articles of capitulation, 
 fent to the inhabitants of Warfaw by his Excel- 
 lency Count de Suworow, General in chief of the 
 Ruffian troops, have the honour of repre fen ting to 
 him : 
 
 I. That the inhabitants of this city have al- 
 ready depolited, in their refpe&ive diftriös, muf- 
 kets, piftols, fabres, Icythes, pikes, and generally 
 all their arms. The Magiflracy will fpeedily caufe 
 the faid arms to be put on board of boats to be car- 
 ried over to the Prague fide. They requeft his Ex- 
 cellency to order them to be landed on their arrival. 
 As to the arms of great value, and thofe found in 
 the fhops, they have been depolited at the town- 
 houfe to be preferved for their proprietors. 
 
 II. They have with the fame care withdrawn 
 the gunpowder, and all the ammunition found in 
 pofleffion of the inhabitants, and they fhall equally 
 be delivered up to his Excellency the Count wher- 
 ever he fhall pleafe to order. The fame fhall be 
 done, as foon as poffible, with regard to the ammu- 
 nition of the troops of the republic, that have quit- 
 ted the city. 
 
 III. His Majefly the King has condefcended to 
 facilitate the execution of this article as far as re- 
 gards the troops within the city. 
 
142 su wo row's 
 
 IV. The Magiftracy allure his Excellency the' 
 Count cie Suworow, that the bridge IJiail moft cer- 
 tainly be repaired on the fide towards the city, with- 
 in the time nreferibed. 
 
 V. His Majefty the King will voluntarily confent 
 to the liberation of the prisoners, as alfo to the exe- 
 cution of article three above cited. 
 
 VI. The Magiftracy will immediately requeft the 
 King to give orders for the delivery of arms, and 
 for the evacuation of the city by the troops, except 
 the three thou fand foldiers of the pol the one 
 thoufand men of foot and horfe-guards, whom the 
 King has a right to retain around his perlen, to 
 keep good order in the city, and to do duty at the 
 caftle. 
 
 * VII. When the troops of her Imperial 
 
 {hall make their entry into the city, the Magiftracy 
 
 will perform then duty in a proper manner. 
 
 War aw* the [, AT 7 9 17Q4. 
 J 9 jth November, ' ? % 
 
 Av fiver of the Commander in Chief, 
 
 The capitulation accepted and figned. 
 
 Co unt Ale x ander Suworow R y m n i K s k i . 
 
 rj, 7 , ■ n 2%th October, 
 
 The camp at Prague, m ^ . 794 . 
 
 Suworow demanded of the deputies if the Ruffian 
 prifoners were reftored to liberty, conformably to 
 the lad articles. They anfwered, that every difpo- 
 fition for that purpofe was taken; and requelted 
 the General to appoint a perfon to receive them. 
 
 Prince Labanow Raftowfki was fent to Warfaw 
 with that commiffion, and the prifoners were rettor- 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 143 
 
 cd to him on his arrival. He at the fame time, in- 
 fo' med the King that the Ruffians would enter on 
 the following morning. 
 
 CHAP. XXI. 
 
 THE conferences being terminated, in conformi- 
 ty to the capitulation, Count Suworow made 
 his entry into the capital, attended by his generals 
 and the brave troops whom he had fo often led to 
 glory. It bore the appearance of a triumph. 
 
 At feven in the morning, the troops defiled by 
 the bridge in the city, arums beating and colours 
 flying. The corps of Lieutenant General Potem- 
 kin led theTfearch, and that of General Derfclden 
 immediately followed him. 
 
 At nine, Suworow palfed the bridge on horfe- 
 back, furrounded by his adjutants and officers. 
 He wore the uniform of an officer of cavalry, with- 
 out the leait decoration, and was followed by the 
 regiment of Cherfon, with a numerous band of 
 military muhc. 
 
 He was received on the other frde of the bridge, 
 by the magiftrates of the city, in a Dody, and in thur 
 ceremonial habits ( which are black). The Prefident 
 prefetiled to him, on a velvet cümiön, the keys of the 
 city (which are red), with the ui'ual accompaniments 
 of fait' and bread; and delivered abrief harangue. 
 
 The General took the keys, prefled them to l is 
 lips, and then, hoi ling them up towards Heaven, he 
 faul : " Almighty God, i render thee thanks, t'.at I 
 " have not been compelled to purchale the keys of 
 
144 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 6; this place as clear as . . . ." turning his face toward* 
 Prague, his voice failed him, and his cheeks were 
 inftantly bathed with tears. — He then cordially em- 
 braced the magiftrates.and was immediately furround- 
 ed by a crowd of people. Some threw themfelvesat 
 his feet; others extended their arms towards him, and 
 he gave his hands to his humble admirers. He 
 embraced fuch as were neareft to him, and anfwered 
 with a iilent fenfibiiity to thefe ardent difplays of ef- 
 tecm and refpeft, which are more affecling than the 
 louden 1 eulogiums; and which, in one moment, af- 
 ford a rccompence for years of fatigue and danger. 
 He gave the cufnion and the keys to Generali II inief, 
 who preceded him on horfeback, and the proccf- 
 fion continued. 
 
 Although the magi Urates had given fpecial orders 
 that the houfes mould be fhut, and that no one 
 fhould be feen in the ftreets, they were, nevertheleft, 
 filled with people. But, as thofe who might pof- 
 fefs the wifh to excite difturbance, perceived the 
 impossibility of fuccefs, the whole palled on with 
 the greateit order and tranquillity. Ail the win- 
 dows were filled with fpeclators, who were delight- 
 ed at the return of order and of the alfurance of 
 peace ; and the air refounded with the exulting ex- 
 clamations of, " Long live Catherine ! " Long 
 live Suworow !" 
 
 When the General came to the cathedral, he or- 
 dered all his kiite to halt, and repeated a prayer. 
 At the extremity of the city he alighted at a public 
 hotel, where he dined. He afterwards took a houfe 
 in that part of the town which was neareft the camp, 
 where he fixed his head-quarters. 
 
 He hadalfo ordered Lieutenant-General Potem- 
 
CAMPAIGNS« I45 
 
 kin, on his entrance into the city, to go and pay his 
 refpecls to the King, at the cattle, and to attend to 
 the fafery of his perfon. 
 
 Major-General Burhawden was appointed Go- 
 vernor of W arfaw. 
 
 A new and very effecting trial was now made of 
 Suworow's fenfibility, when the magistrates prefent- 
 edto him the Ruffian prifoners, to the number of thir- 
 teen hundred and feventy-fix, whom he had reltor- 
 ed to liberty, and whofe lives he had preferved: for 
 it had a£tually been propofed in the revolutionary 
 committee, prior to the taking of Prague, by a 
 wretch named KoJontay, the Robefpierre of Po- 
 land, to malfacre all the prifoners, and even the 
 Poles who were fufpecled of being attached to the 
 court of Ruffia. The arrival of the Ruffians, how- 
 ever, prevented the execution of this horrible de- 
 lign; though the infernal projector contrived to 
 efcape, with an hundred and fifty thou fand ducats 
 which he ftole from the mint and public treafury* 
 
 When Lieutenant-General Potemkin paid his vi- 
 fit to the King, he was commiflioned to demand an 
 audience for Count Suworow, which was appointed 
 on the following day. 
 
 Accordingly, at ten o'clock in the morning, he 
 fet out with great ceremony, and accompanied by 
 his guard, to go to the caftle. Contrary to his ufual 
 cuftom, he wore his grand uniform, and was deco- 
 rated with all his Orders. Two fquadrons of huf- 
 (ars preceded him, and his carriage was furrounded 
 by officers of ail ranks. Lieutenant-General Po- 
 temkin, with the Barons Afeh and Ruhler, of di- 
 plomatic character, accompanied him. A fquadron 
 of horfe chaffcurs clofed the proccifun. 
 
 T 
 
146 SD\VOR0\v's 
 
 On his arrival in the court of the caflle, he was 
 received with great ceremony ; the King embraced 
 him arid conducted him to his cabinet, where they 
 remained together upwards of an hour. 
 
 This conference, however, produced an arrange- 
 ment that the written negotiation's had not fettled. 
 It was agreed, on the representations of General Su- 
 worow, that the Pölifti troops, whom he always 
 mentioned under the denomination of revokers, 
 fhould lay down their arms without exception, and 
 deliver up their artillery to the Ru frans. 
 
 Iii the courfe of this vifit, the King requeued Su- 
 worow to reftore an officer to liberty, who had been 
 his page, when the General replied, that he might 
 command the liberty of five hundred, if it was his 
 Mäjefty's pleafure. 
 
 The King, accordingly, difpatched his Adjutant- 
 General Gordon, with Suworow's order for the ref- 
 utation of the prifoners; and as they were not par- 
 ticularly named, he took all the fuperior officers, to 
 the number of three hundred and feventeen ; and 
 among them General Mayen, who has been men- 
 tioned in a former page. Gordon, however, to 
 complete his number, brought along with him le- 
 v :ral infer. or officers and foldiers. The General 
 returned in the fame form to his hotel. 
 
 Lieutenant- General Potemk in w 7 as charged with 
 the commiilion of bearing to the Emprefs, at Petei f- 
 burg. the official relation of all thefe important 
 tranfaftions. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 C H A P. XXII. 
 
 T 71 7 ARS AW was at length in a (late of fubmiflTion 
 V V and tranquillity, and entirely in the power of 
 the conqueror. 
 
 Befides the troops which had been left at Prague ; 
 the corps of Lieutenant-General Potemkin occu- 
 pied the interior of Warfaw, and extended as far as 
 Willanow : that of General Derfelden repaired to 
 Marimont. That of General Fcrfen was proceed- 
 ing to complete the operations, and had fet out to 
 overtake the Polilh troops which had retired from 
 Warfaw, to compel them to furrender their arms. 
 
 They were fuppoled to amount to thirty thoufand 
 men, with a very formidable artillery, and were 
 commanded by General Wavrochewfki, the intimate 
 friend of Kofciuzko. His intention was to pene- 
 trate with this corps into Gallicia. 
 
 The firft diviiion commanded by Hedroitfch, 
 which quitted Warfaw prior to the arrival of the 
 Ruffians before Prague, con lifted of two thoufand 
 infantry, four thoufand men armed with pikes, and 
 fifteen hundred horfe. They had with them twenty- 
 rive pieces of cannon. 
 
 1 he corps of Dom brow fki and of Madalinfki, 
 the fame which had excited the troubles in South- 
 ern Pruffia, amounted to eighteen thoufand men, 
 with twenty pieces of artillery. 
 
 A party commanded by Prince Jofeph Ponia- 
 towlki, was pofted at Sachorzyn, to the number of 
 two thoufand five hundred, with feventeen cannon ; 
 and a detachment commanded by Ofcharowfki 
 
M8 
 
 sü wo row's 
 
 was compofed of fifteen hundred men, with ten 
 cannon. 
 
 On the 30th of October, Prince Jofeph Ponia- 
 towfki fent an officer to the King, to inform him 
 that the troops were defirous of furrendering their 
 arms to General Suworow, and that they implored 
 his clemency. The General accordingly ordered 
 his former declaration to be repeated, that he mould 
 grant protection and fecurity to all who mould 
 fubmit. He alio promifed that the commander, 
 officers, and nobles, mould have permiffion to 
 retain their arms. 
 
 The king returned this anfwer to his nephew ; 
 but before he could receive it, he had been attacked 
 by the Pruflian forces, which were encamped near 
 him, who had difperfed his troops, and taken fome 
 hundred prifoners, with all his artillery. 
 
 The detachment of Ofchorowfki, without waiting 
 for any anfwer, or promife of pardon, laid down 
 their arms and difperfed. The Coffacs brought 
 their artillery to Warfaw. 
 
 On the following day, Major-General Horfchow- 
 fki was difpatched to Warfaw, by General Hedro- 
 iifch, with a difpatch addreffed to the King, contain- 
 ing proportions fimilar to thofe of Prince Jofeph ; 
 this officer returned immediately with the fame 
 anfwer, but before his arrival, Hedroitfch had 
 formed a junction with the corps of Madalinfki at 
 Dombrowfki, which had been already joined by 
 the Commander in Chief Wavrochewfki. But as 
 the Ruffian troops had effectually prevented them 
 from fulfilling their rirft project of retreating into 
 Gallicia, they fuddenly changed their plan, and 
 turned towards Novemiafto, on the road to Crakow, 
 
CAMPAIGNS, J 49 
 
 with the defign of invading the diflritl lately con- 
 quered by the King of Pruffia. But the Ruffian 
 troops purlued them with that vigour and rapidity, 
 that at length, after vanous attempts and exertions, 
 to efcape the enemy, a confiderable part of the 
 Poliih army furrendered, and the reft, with all 
 their arms, horfes and artillery, followed their 
 example. 
 
 Thus the Polifh army, being difperfed, di farmed, 
 or reduced to fubmiffion, there only remained the 
 royal guard, and three hundred foldiers for the 
 ferviee of the police. The artillery and ftores were 
 fent to Kiowie, and the Ruffian troops entered into 
 winter quarters. 
 
 CHAP. XXIII. 
 
 SUCH was the clofe of this glorious campaign, 
 which is far fuperior to any thing that is to be 
 found in the military annals of modern times : as 
 well for the unexampled rapidity of its opera- 
 tions, as the important consequences that refulted 
 from it. 
 
 The career of General Suworow, the wifdom 
 of his meafures, the diftributions of his forces, 'the 
 undaunted £hara£tcr of his operations, and the pro- 
 greflive continuance of his fuccefles, are dazzling 
 proofs of the fuperiority of his talents. But 'though 
 it may be faid, with truth, that thefe great qualities 
 were manifefted in all his enterprifes, in this lall 
 campaign he feems to have furpafied himfelf. We 
 have only to coiled the events of it to prove that a 
 
150 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 fmall army may work wonders, when a General, by 
 the vigour of his retaliation and the fkill of apply - 
 ing the means he poffefies, can give liability to 
 fortune. 
 
 We have feen Suworow difarm without effuhon 
 of blood, thirty thoufand rebels, fcattered over 
 an extenüve country ; accompany his foldiers in 
 long and difficult marches, which would have dif- 
 heartened the troops of Hannibal, and gain three 
 battles againft enemies, of martial intrepidity and 
 fuperior numbers. — We have feen him tempo- 
 rife during four weeks, at Brzefcia, till his detach- 
 ment had formed a junction with him; and, after 
 the decifive victory of Matfcheviz, to fly, as it 
 were, to that of Kobylka. — We have feen him rc- 
 pofing there only for the three days which were 
 necellary to make preparations for an afTault without 
 example ; he then carried by efcalade in one 
 morning, the intrenchments of Prague, defended, 
 by thirty thoufand men; and entered into Warfaw 
 with the olive branch of peace. 
 
 Nor is this all. — Thefe wonderful atchievements 
 were e fretted in the fhort fpace of two months, be- 
 tween the iixth of September and the feventli of 
 November, 1794 ; the day when Wavrofchewfki 
 said down his arms. 
 
 But this brilliant expedition is not more remark- 
 able for its aftonifhing rapidity, than it is memo- 
 rable for the extraordinary events which fucceeded. 
 
 In a fhort time after, the fate of Poland was 
 irrevocably decided by the late partition of a king- 
 dom, whofe name is no longer to be found among 
 the nations of Europe ; and which, in a former 
 age, dictated laws to Ruffla. 
 
C A M f> A I G N S. 15t 
 
 If the operations of this campaign had been 
 urged with lels activity, it is probable that the 
 infurgents would have reaffembled with ad(iecl 
 ffrength. The Poles might alfo have received 
 foreign aid in the Spring of 1795, and prolonged a 
 war, whofe events might have had an incalculable 
 influence on the general airairs of Europe. 
 
 The unexampled promptitude of this expedition 
 was appreciated, as it deferved, at Peteilbu.g. 
 The Emprefs wrote herfelf to Siiworow, to an- 
 nounce to him his well earned advancement to the 
 ranK of Field-Marfhal. But he, ever faithful to his 
 religious principles, did not receive his new dignity, 
 till he had demanded the benediction of the church. 
 
 On the eve of this ceremony, an extraordinary 
 meßenger arrived from Berlin, w ho brought him, as 
 a teliimony of the particular efteem of his Pruflian 
 Majelty, the Order of the Red and Black Eagle. 
 
 In a fhort time after, the Emperor fent him his 
 portrait enriched with diamonds, which were eitima- 
 ted at fifty thou fand crowns ; and the jewels that 
 adorned his Batoon of Field-Marfhal, were consi- 
 dered as of equal value. 
 
 The Emprefs alfo prefented him with an eftate of 
 feven thoufand peafants of both fexes, in the diftrict 
 of Kobin, the fcene of the full battle he gained in 
 the courfe of this campaign. 
 
 The Fuld-Marfhal Suworow palled a year at 
 Warfaw. The King had left it in the beginning of 
 the year to refide at Grodno. But the departure of 
 tne court was fucceeded by a great concourie of 
 officers of rank and foreigners of diftinüicn, who 
 came. to vifn the illuftrious warrior. 
 
 The t.ituatio i of public aifoir» of the common 
 
su wo row's 
 
 interefts of the Emperor and the King of Pruffia, 
 made it ncccflary for the Field-Marfhal to fend fre- 
 quent difpatches to Vienna and Berlin ; and the 
 perfons employed on thefe occafions, were received 
 at the rei'pectivc courts with peculiar marks of 
 regard and favour. His Prudian Majefty con- 
 ferred the Orders of the Black Eagle and of Merit, 
 on feveral Generals and officers of the Ruffian 
 army. 
 
 In the beginning of the Autumn, the Field-Mar- 
 fhal reviewed the whole army under his command, 
 which confifted of forty-eight battalions, an hundred 
 and twelve fquadrons, and fourteen regiments of 
 Cpffacs, 
 
 Thefe different troops occupied an extent of coun- 
 try of one hundred and fifty German miles ; and the 
 Field-Marfhal vihted all the feparate camps with his 
 ufual aclivity, examined their refpe&ive fituations, 
 and law them perform their military manoeuvres. 
 This operation was completed in fifteen days. 
 
 Towards the end of the year, he returned to 
 Peterfburg, in confequence of orders he had receiv- 
 ed from thence. He arrived there in the beginning 
 of December, in a carriage which the Emprefs had 
 fent to meet him. He entered the city at night, 
 alighted at the winter palace, and threw himfelf at 
 the feet of Her Imperial Majefty, who received him 
 with the moil dillinguifhing marks of regard. She 
 ordered him to take up his refidence in the palace 
 of Taurida, where he was ferved by the officers of 
 the Court, 
 
 In a fhort time after his arrival, he went to Fin- 
 land to vi fit the fortifications, on the fide of Sweden. 
 On his return, he was pre fent at the marriage of the 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 153 
 
 Grand Duke ; and, during the three months of his 
 refidence at Peterfburg, the Emprefs appeared to 
 have no greater pleafure than in manifefting her 
 high efteem for him, and the whole Court followed 
 the example of their Imperial Miftrefs. 
 
 He was now appointed to the command of the ar- 
 my, which confided of eighty thoufand men, in the 
 governments of Brazlow, Wofhenfki, Charkow and 
 Catharinaflaw, and he accordingly repaired to fulfil 
 the important duties of it. He fixed his head- 
 quarters at Tulezin, in the caftle of Potoka, on 
 the banks of the Nieder. 
 
 According to his conftant practice he attended to 
 the difcipline of the troops which were encamped 
 near him. In the Autumn he made a tour of 
 general infpe&ion of the whole army ; and, on 
 his return, gave orders for its entering into winter 
 quarters. 
 
 After having run with a gigantic ftride this vafi: 
 career of glory, thick fown indeed with obltruftions, 
 but producing a continual harveft of laurels, from 
 the frozen banks of the Viftula, to the burning 
 fands of the Black Sea, this illuftrious warrior is 
 called to the command of the Auftro-Rufiian armies 
 in Italy. 
 
 He came into that country to fave it, and he has 
 been its iaviour. His firft entrance into it was 
 attended by victory ; and victory has accompanied 
 his march through it. He brought his brave and 
 hardy bands from the North, to drive back the 
 profligate, pillaging and blood-thirfty armies of 
 France, to their own country ; and they are driven 
 back with difgrace and (laughter, — They alreadv 
 
 U 
 
WJ4 q AMP AIGNS. 
 
 approach its confines : — and, with the fame rapid 
 Hep, he will follow; them ; and, with the fame aveng- 
 ing fword, we truft, will punifh them there.- 
 
 His Campaigns of the prefent. year , will, we 
 doubt not, add to the. ? glory of thofe that are paft, 
 and with them we. mall hereafter extend the Hiftory 
 of: Suworow. . .-. • 
 
SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 Containing various Letters from Her Imperial 
 Majefly the Emprefs of Raffia; the Emperor 
 of Germany ; the King of Pruffia, and the King 
 of Poland, to General Suworozu, during and 
 after the Campaign in Poland. • ■ ■ ■ 
 
 Letter from Her Imperial Majefiy, the Emprtfs 
 of all the Raffias, to Count Suworow Rymnikfii. 
 
 Otlober 26, 
 
 p n uaooer 20, 
 ! J ur &' November 6, ' ^4 
 
 Count Alexander Bafilovitfch ! 
 
 Your rapid inarches againft ' the enemy, your 
 victories, and particularly thole which you gained 
 on the 6th of September at- KrUpezize, and on;the 
 8th of the fame month at Brzt-fcia, are diftinguilfied 
 propL of your, conllant zeal for our fervice, and 
 of your activity, bravery and. talents. In this point 
 of view we are pleafed to co nider your fucceffes,- 
 and we therefore haften to exprefs, pur moft grateful 
 fenfe of them. . . - : -:v 
 
 We fend you ; as a pledge, of our, fatisfa&ion, 
 a diamond hat loop, and at the fame- time make 
 you a prefent of three pieces of cannon, to bp 
 
156 SUWOROW S 
 
 chofen by yourfelf from the artillery which you 
 have taken. 
 
 We pray God to affift you in all that you may 
 hereafter undertake for the fervice of your coun- 
 try. 
 
 I am your affectionate 
 
 CATHERINE. 
 
 Note from the Emprcfs when ße prefented General 
 Suworow with the Staff of Fitld-Marßal. 
 
 November 1794. 
 Field-Marfhal General, Count Alexander 
 Bafilovitfch ! 
 I make you my compliments on all your victo- 
 ries, as well as on your carrying the intrenchments 
 of Prague and Warfaw. 
 
 I am with great regard your affe&ionate 
 
 CATHERINE. 
 
 Ukafe (or edict) of Her Imperial Majeßy the Em- 
 preß and Autocratrix of all the Rußas, to the 
 Senate, relative to Field-Marßal General Count 
 Suworow RymnikßL 
 
 The commander in chief, Count Suworow Rym- 
 mkfki, already recommended by the numerous 
 fervices he has rendered us, having been appointed 
 by Field-Marihal Count Romanzow Zaduneifki, 
 to the command of the troops againft the infurgents 
 of Poland, has acquitted himfelf of the commifiion 
 with which he was charged to our great fatisfa&ion, 
 by defeating the enemy in feveral engagements, and 
 particularly in that of Brzefcia on the third of 
 September. 
 
CAMPAIGNS. I57 
 
 As loon as he was informed of the total overthrow 
 of Kofciuzko, the leader of the infurgents, heim 
 ftantly marched to Warfaw, defeated the enemy's 
 troops on his route, and took Prague, a fuburb of 
 Warfaw, defended by ftrong intrenchments and a 
 numerous garrifon, by affault. He carried the 
 works by ftorm, at the head of our victorious troops, 
 engaged the infurgents, and after a molt fevcre 
 conflict, obliged Warfaw, the capital of the king- 
 dom, to fubmit her deftiny to the hands of the con- 
 queror. 
 
 After taking poffeffion of Warfaw, the arms and 
 the prudent meafures of the above named General, 
 fpeedily obliged the numerous bodies of Poles who 
 had retreated, and were vigoroufly purfued, to 
 flirrender with all their artillery and ammunition. 
 The fuccefs of this expedition has entirely ex- 
 tinguifhed the flames of the infunection in Po- 
 land. 
 
 In consideration of thefe fervices which General 
 Count Suworow Rymnikfki has fo recently rendered 
 us, and which are no lefs advantageous than accep- 
 table to Ruflia, we have appointed him, this 19th of 
 November, 1794, our General Field-Marflial, and 
 at the fame time prefented him with the ftalf of 
 Field-Marfhal. We order the Senate to expedite 
 a diploma which fhall be figned by our own hand, 
 and in which all his military exploits fliall be parti- 
 cularized. 
 
 CATHERINE. 
 
 The Senate refolved that the fupreme will of her 
 Imperial Majefty fhould be promulgatcd 3 by means 
 
158 suworowV 
 
 of ukafes addrcfTed to all the governments, and all 
 the courts of juflice; that the Field- Marmal-Gencr.d 
 fhould be made acquainted with it, and that the he - 
 raldic department fhould be ordered to draw up a 
 diploma, which fhould be afterwards fubmitted to'the 
 approbation of the Senate. 
 
 Ukafe to the Senate. 
 
 Asa recompence for the lingular fervices which 
 General Field-Marfhal Count Alexander Suworow 
 hns rendered us, by t)ie different victories he has 
 g incd over the infurgents of Poland, and efpecial- 
 ly by, the complete defeat of their united forces at 
 Prague,. which immediately occafioucd the fubmif- 
 fion of Warfaw, the capital of Poland, and the gen- 
 eral termination of the infurreclion ; we, have given, 
 by virtue of our plenary authority, to him, his fuc-i 
 Ceffors, heirs, Sec. full power to take, from the date 
 of the prefent inftrument, and to enjoy in perpetuity, 
 fVom our. Imperial poftHhons in Lithuania, confti- 
 tuting a part of the ci-devant royal diftrift of Brzcf- 
 cia, the cMrici of Robrin, with .all the burghs, ma- 
 nor-houfes and villages dependent thereon ; which 
 diftri£t, according to the regime rs laid before us, con- 
 tains a population of 6922 fouls; together with all 
 the farms, all the fruits, rents, tkc, all the cattle. and v 
 fummarily, all the objecls of rural economy attach- 
 ed to them. 
 
 We enjoin our Senate, by thefc prefents, to expe- 
 dite thencccflary orders for placing this property, 
 with all its appurtenances and dependencies, in'thc 
 liands of Count Suworow Rymnikfki, and for-.preri 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 159 
 
 paring the diploma of this donation, which wc pur- 
 pofe to fubfcribe with our name. 
 
 CATHERINE. 
 
 St. Peterßmrg, 
 Anguß 19, 1795. 
 
 Letters from the Emperor of Germany. 
 
 My dear General Count Suworow, 
 
 I learnt with great pleafure, the intelligence you 
 fent me of your fortunate and fplendid entry into 
 Warfaw. In proportion as I have conftantly valu- 
 ed your extraordinary abilities, I now feel grateful 
 for the zeal you have employed in re -eftabl idling 
 the tranquillity of Poland. 
 
 This important event is the incontedable confe- 
 quence of your military talents, and a frefh proof 
 of your zealous attachment to the good caufe. Ex- 
 ploits fo brilliant as thofe, by which you have fo 
 repeatedly fignalized yourfelf, will forever (ecure 
 you the efteem of the whole world. For the reft, 
 1 allure you, with the utmofl fmcerity, that 1 fhall 
 always entertain for you the fame affection that has 
 been conftantly felt and expreffed by my late uncle, 
 and my anceftors of glorious memorv. 
 
 FRANCIS. 
 
 Vienna^ 23 November^ 1794. 
 
 My dear General Count Suworow, 
 
 The letter you had the goodnefs to write me, the 
 10-21 November laft, in which you announce the 
 happy refults of your expedition againft the inlur- 
 gents of Poland, has given me the greateft: fatisiac- 
 
i6o su wo row's 
 
 tion. I was pleafed at the fame time to receive 
 the agreeable alfurance that the revolution in that 
 country was at length terminated. 
 
 I thank you for this fatisfattory intelligence, and 
 heartily felicitate you on the additional glory which 
 you have acquired by this ftriking proof of your 
 zeal. I now wifh you perfect tranquillity in your 
 winter quarters, and every happinefs this world can 
 beftow. I conclude with renewing the affurances 
 of my friendfhip. 
 
 FRANCIS. 
 
 Vienna, 23 November, 1794. 
 
 My dear Field-Marfhal Count Suworow, 
 
 Your letter of the 6-17 of this month, acquainting 
 me with your promotion to the rank of Field-Mar- 
 Ifial, afforded me much fatisfaction. This reward 
 was undoubtedly due to your brilliant and impor- 
 tant fervices. 
 
 As I take a lively intereft in your happinefs, I 
 iliall always be very glad to hear of any thing that 
 is calculated to promote it. 
 
 I wiffi you my dear Field-Marfhal, a long and 
 conftant feries of profperity, and affure you of my 
 invariable friendfhip. 
 
 FRANCIS. 
 
 Vienna, 23d Dec. 1794. 
 
 JAy dear Field-Marfhal Count Suworow ! 
 
 As Captain Langfrey returns this day to the 
 place of his defoliation, I have entrufted him with 
 my portrait for you. I wifh the pleafure you may 
 receive from it may equal the de fire I feel of 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 
 
 giving you in it a token of my particular efteem for 
 your perfonal merit. 
 
 I truft you enjoy a good ftate of heath, and hope 
 that you will henceforth tafte the fweets of repol'e, 
 to enable you to recover from the inceflant fatigues 
 you have hitherto endured. Reft aflured of my 
 good wi flies. 
 
 FRANCIS. 
 
 Vienna, Jan. 25, 1795. 
 
 My dear Marfhal Count Suworow ! 
 
 I have difpatched my Colonel, the Marquis de 
 Chatelet,* in quality of Commiflioner, for the de- 
 markation of the boundary line between me and 
 Pruffia. I have ordered him at the fame time to 
 call on you, for the fake of enquiring into your 
 health, and of alluring you that I fliall never ceafe 
 to think of you with gratitude and pleafure. I 
 flatter myfelf that you will not be forry to hear 
 from this officer the particulars of feveral aBions in 
 which my troops have recently diftinguifhed them- 
 felves, and amongft whom, you, my dear Field- 
 Marflial, will recognize feveral of pour eleves, 
 as well as of your old companions in arms. 
 
 Continue to preferve for the fincere friend and 
 admirer of your Royal Miftrefs the efteem, of which 
 
 * This is the excellent officer, to whose uncommon skill 
 and activity we owe much of the success of the glorious bat- 
 tle of the Adda. T. 
 
 X 
 
1Ö2 
 
 SU WOROW'S 
 
 you have already given fo many proofs to me and my 
 houfe. The grateful remembrance of thofe proofs 
 is as indelibly engraven on my heart as the profound 
 efleem which your noble character and very dif- 
 linguifhed merits, have given me of your perfon. 
 
 FRANCIS. 
 
 Vienna^ Nov. 22, 1795. 
 
 Letters from the King of Pruffia. 
 
 My very dear General ! 
 
 By the letter which you had the goodnefs to write 
 me on the 5th of this month, I learnt with extreme 
 pleafure the agreeable intelligence of the brilliant 
 viclory you had obtained by taking pofleflion of 
 Prague. I take the moft lively intereft in the addi- 
 tional glory wh'ch the Ruffian arms have acquired 
 by this triumph, fo honourable to the troops who 
 have combated, under your orders, with fuch cou- 
 rage and good fortune ; and am happy to fee the 
 occafions of renewing my felicitations fucceed each 
 other with fuch rapidity. I mall not be lefs pleaf- 
 ed at learning that her Imperial Majefty, my noble 
 ally, accords with me in acknowledging the impor- 
 tance of the fervices which you have rendered us, 
 with the greateft activity, during this campaign, and 
 that (lie rewards you accordingly. 
 
 For myfelf, as a mark of the great fatisfa&ion 
 which this vi&ory has given me, I have conferred 
 on Captain Bridel, the officer who brought me 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 163 
 
 the intelligence, my Order of Merit I renew the 
 affurancc of particular ellccm with which I am 
 Your affectionate 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM. 
 Pot/dam, Nov. 1, 1794. 
 
 My very dear General ! 
 
 Your letter, cöntaing the intelligence of your 
 having crowned your former victories by your en- 
 try into Warfaw, has afforded me incxpreflible 
 fatisfaction. You have thus completely attained 
 the end of all your laborious efforts ; for the wreck 
 of the Polifh army cannot certainly oppofe much 
 refinance, and it will be eafy to reduce them by 
 the combined operations of the Ruffian troops, and 
 of my own under the orders of Lieutenant-General 
 Favrat. I fend you my moft fincere compliments 
 on the immortal glory you have thus acquired by the 
 re-eftablifhment of tranquillity, and I allure you of 
 ray lafting efteem. I have conferred my Order of 
 Merit on Major Heffen, the bearer of this agreeable 
 intelligence. 
 
 Your affectionate 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM* 
 
 Pcftflavt} Nov. 17, 1794. 
 
 My very dear General ! 
 
 I am fenfibly obliged to you for the circumftan- 
 t4al details, which you had the goodpefs to fend mc 
 
SÜWOROW'S 
 
 on the 10-21 of la ft month, relative to the manner 
 in which you put an end to the infurreclion in Po- 
 land. Neither your glory nor that of the Imperial 
 Ruffian troops and their leaders, flood in need of 
 additional luftre : but the fuccefs of this expedition 
 raifes it to the higheft pitch, and infures its eternal 
 duration. I felicitate you upon it with the fame 
 fincerity that I "renew the affu ranee of that diftin- 
 guifhed efteem, with which I am ever 
 Your affectionate 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM. 
 Pot/dam, Dec. 3, 1794. 
 
 My very dear General ! 
 I am fully convinced that you are perfectly fatif- 
 fled with the rewards of your Sovereign, who duly 
 appreciates your great talents and long experienced 
 bravery. I know alfo that you are not ambitious 
 of new diftintiions, which can certainly add nothing 
 to the luftre of your renown : I neverthelefs 
 hope that you will accept with pleafure my Order 
 of the Red and Black Eagle, which I fend you as 
 a mark of my diftinguifhed efteem and particular 
 good wifhes. , 
 
 I am vour affectionate 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM. 
 Potfdam, Dec. 7, 1794. 
 
 My very dear Field-Marfhal ! 
 
 I learnt With the greateft fatisfaction, from your 
 letter of the 11-22 December, the value you fet 
 
CAMPAIGNS. 165 
 
 upon the tokens which I prefented you of my dif- 
 tinguifhed efteem and regard. I was equally well 
 pleafed at the lucky accident that permitted you, on 
 the fame day, to celebrate the inauguration of the 
 ftaff of Field-Marfhal, conferred on you by your 
 gracious Sovereign, and to inveft yourfelf with the 
 Order of the Red and Black Eagle. As you par- 
 ticularly recommended Major Tilley to me on this 
 occafion, I feel a pleafure in giving you a frefh 
 proof of my diftinguiihed efteem, by prefenting him 
 with my Order of Merit, in confequence of the 
 lively intereft you take in the welfare of this officer. 
 I renew the aflurance of the fincere fentiments with 
 which I am 
 
 Your affectionate 
 
 FREDERICK WILLIAM. 
 Berlin, Dec. 28, 1794. 
 
 Letter from the King of Poland. 
 
 (A) w r OBober 27, 
 
 ar J a ' u '> November 7, 1 794» 
 
 To the General, Commander in Chief, of the 
 Troops of her Majefty, the Emprefs of all the 
 Ruffias. 
 
 The Magiftracy of the town of Warfaw, has de- 
 manded my mediation with you, in order to 
 know your ulterior intentions relative to this 
 capital. 
 
 I mufl declare to you, that all the inhabitants are 
 rdolved to defend themfelves to the laft extremity, 
 
i66 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 if you do not guarantee them the fafety of their lives 
 and fortunes. I wait your reply, and I pray God 
 to keep you in his holy protection. 
 
 STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS, King. 
 
 (B) To the Commander in Chief of the Troops of 
 Her Majefly the Empreß of all the Rußias 1 
 
 As I am convinced you are fmcerely defirous of 
 concluding an effectual capitulation with the town of 
 Warfaw, I muft acquaint you beforehand that the 
 eight davs demanded for the evacuation of the town 
 by the troops of the Republic, are abfolutely necef- 
 faxy ; and for this purpofe I propofe to you a 
 iufpenfion of arms during the eight days, between 
 the Polifh army, and the Ruffian troops : a condi- 
 tion without which the town of Warfaw cannot 
 accede to a capitulation. 
 
 I truft you will confent to avoid an effufion of 
 blood, which perhaps is no longer necefl'ary, and 
 confidcr in this view, the proportion I make you ; 
 and alfo that you will forbid your troops to reftore 
 the bridge on the other bank of the Viftula, 
 till the capitulation be entirely acceded to and 
 iigned. 
 
 I pray God to keep you in his holy protection. 
 
 STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS, King. 
 
167 
 
 campaigns; 
 
 (C) Warf aw , the {fZt:Z (r }mi- 
 Sir, 
 
 I am perfectly fenfible of the candour of your 
 proceedings towards us. 
 
 I cannot give you a better proof of it, than by 
 reftoring to liberty the Ruffian prifoners of war in 
 this place, and putting them into the hands of a 
 General fo worthy of commanding them. 
 
 I pray God to keep you in his holy protection. 
 
 STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS, King. 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
A 
 
 Concise and Comprehensive 
 
 EISTO. 
 
 T 
 
 OF 
 
 PRINCE SUWOROW'S 
 
 IN, THE YEAR 1799. 
 By WILLIAM COB BETT, 
 
 NEW-YORK ; 
 
 PRINTED fOR. THE AUTHOR, BY G. R. WAITZ. 
 
A CONCISE AND COMPREHENSIVE 
 
 HISTORT 
 
 OP 
 
 SUWOROW'S ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 IT was in the month of April, 1799, that the 
 renowned Suworow opened tne campaign which 
 threw iuch brilliancy over the cloie of the eighteenth 
 Century, and which delivered Italy from the galling 
 and disgraceful yoke, from thepilagings, the murders, 
 and the iacnlege of the rapacious, bloody and im- 
 pious Republicans of France. This charming 
 country had fallen, ttate after flate, before die arms 
 of the enemies of God and man, The Emperor's 
 Italian pofleflions, thofe of the Dukes of Tufcany 
 and Modena, had been over-run and revolution- 
 ized ; Rome followed next, the aged Pope had 
 been robbed, infulted, and led captive by a French 
 Calvinift, acting under the orders of the infidels of 
 Paris; laflly, the Kings of Naples and Sardinia had 
 been driven from their dominions : fo that, at the 
 time Suworow entered Italy, the French were in 
 poflcflion of the whole country from Dauphine to 
 
 Y 
 
172 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 the gulph of Venice, and from Switzerland to the 
 Bay of Taranto. 
 
 To defend this territory, to keep the Italians 
 chained at their feet 3 and to fally out on their ene- 
 mies, their force was evidently inadequate. Moreau 
 with about forty thoufand men, was Rationed in 
 the Milanefe ; Cliampionet, with eighteen thoufand, 
 in the ftates of the Church $ Macdonald, with twenty 
 thoufand, in the Kingdom of Naples, and Sc her er 
 with forty-feven thoufand on the banks of the 
 AH ige. 
 
 The infolent ufurpers of France, (till facrificing 
 fafety to pride, and reafon to prefumption, inftead 
 of collecting their forces, which were fcattered over 
 the whole face of Italy, and oppofing the entire 
 body to the Auftrians, who were preparing to attack 
 Scherer on the Adige, were obftinately determined 
 to keep poffeffion of all their conquefts. 
 
 On the a6th of March, Scherer, though inferior 
 in force, attacked the Äuftrians, under General 
 Kray, who were ported on the oppofite fide of the 
 Aciige. This was little more than a drawn battle. 
 Scherer did, indeed, inform his mailers, that he had 
 gained a uidory and had taken four thoufand Au- 
 itrians and twelve pieces of cannon 5 but, it never- 
 thclefs appeared, that, even from his own account, 
 this victory was confined to the carrying of 
 fvjo bridges. The two ho (tile armies renewed 
 the combat on the 31ft of March, and again on the 
 fifth of April, on which lalt day the French were 
 * Ii iven from the banks of the Adige to Mantua with 
 very great lofs. According to General Kray's offi- ■ 
 cial accounts, the enemy, during the twelve days 
 they were engaged, from the 26th of March to. the 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 173 
 
 fifth of April at night, loft twenty thoufand men kil- 
 led and wounded, and fevcn thoufand prisoners. 
 
 Scherer did not attempt to make altand at Man- 
 tua ; he continued his flight till he got behind the 
 Oglioand the Adda; and, by the 1 8th of April, the 
 countries of Ferrara, Brefcia and Mantua were in 
 the hands of the Imperialills. The accounts of 
 General Kray were probably exaggerated, but cer- 
 tainly the army of " invincible conquerors" were 
 greatly reduced in number. Scherer was recalled 
 by the mortified tyrants of France, and the rcmnafTt 
 of his army, after leaving ten thou fan 1 men in the 
 city of Mautua and five thoufand in-Pefchiera, was 
 put under the command of Moreau'. 
 
 On the 14th of April twenty-three thoufand Ruf 
 fians, led by Field-Mar/hal Suiuorow, reached 
 Verona, and the next day proceeded on their way 
 to join Field-Marfhal Kray. The command of 
 the combined Imperial armies now devolved on 
 Suworow 5 nor was it long before the audacious 
 and impious enemy began to feel the effects of his 
 valour. Moreau, who had received great re-in- 
 forcements, had pofted his army on the banks of 
 the Adda. r J he pofition was very ftrong, and 
 reached from Lecco to Pizzighitone. It was ab- 1 
 folutely ncceffary for the French to keep this nation, 
 or yield a very extenfive tract oi country. On the 
 23d of April the right wing and centre of the allies 
 entered Bergamo and Bergamafco, while General 
 Klenau palfed the Po, and led a di vi (ion of Auftri- 
 ans into the Modenefe. The fate of Milan, there- 
 fore, and of the Cifalpine Republic, depended on 
 the prefervation of the port of the Adda. This river 
 was very difficult to nafs having i n its courfe from 
 
 i I 7 O 
 
i 7 4 
 
 suworow's 
 
 the Lake of Como to Lodi, very fteep banks, and 
 having all its pafles well guarded 'by intrenchr 
 paents. The French had very faintly c^iendui the 
 fpace between the Mmcio and the Adda, bui on 
 the banks of the latter they had taken every meafure 
 to make up for their inferiority of numbers and the 
 decreafing courage of the troops. They had (trong- 
 ly fortified Calfano,* which place and the right bank: 
 of the Adda were defended, by formujable batteries 
 and a well couihuded tete-de-pont. The head 
 quarters of Morcau were af the village pf Inzago, 
 and two oivihons of his army were polled there, in 
 Older to prevent the paflage of the Adda at that 
 place. Near Lecco the French were gilb ftron^ly 
 lo-iified, and had a tete-de-pont on the left ba. . 
 A diviiion under General Scrruner deh nded the 
 upper Adda, one half of which was polled behi 1 
 Lecco, a part^near Porto Imberzago, and anot r 
 near Tezzo. On the Lower Audu, tb\*f3fds bedi 4 
 the enemy had a detachment under Genera! Dehne ,, 
 and a ftrong garrifon in Pizzighitohc. 
 
 Thus polled, ancj thus fortified both by art arid 
 nature, it is not [urpiiiing that the French mould 
 look upon thcmfelves as fectrfe and unavailable ; 
 but they jorgot, that Suworoiu was the adailant. 
 
 On the 26th of April the Field Marib*l refolved 
 to force the paflage of the river, and on the 27th he 
 put his rcfolution in praciice. 
 
 Gen- Vukaflbwich croffed the river in the night 
 near Brivio, by the means of a flying bridge, which 
 had been nearly deftroyed by the enemy, but was 
 
 * A fortress in the Milanese, fifteen miles N. E. of Mijan* 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 175 
 
 afterwards quickly repäired; arid took a good pofi- 
 tion on the right bank. 
 
 An Auftrian column arrived at nine o'clock in 
 the evening behind the village of Gervafto, oppoute 
 to Trezzo, contifting of the diviiion of Field Mar- 
 fhal Lieut. Ott, as advanced guard; and that of 
 Field Marfhal Lieut. Zoph to fupport it. The 
 Captain of the pontoniers, who had been previoufly 
 fent forward, reported that it wäs impoffible to 
 throw a bridge,- owing to the declivity of the banks, 
 and the lharp turnings of the river. 
 
 On receiving this report, the Quarter Matter 
 General Marquis Chafteller went to the place him- 
 fejf, and rinding the execution of this defign difficult, 
 though not quite impoifible^ refolved with the alTif- 
 tanceof the fourth Bannet battalion, and that of the 
 Chaffeurs (whofe Colonel volunteered the fervice), 
 to have the pontoons carried down by men, and to 
 attempt to re-eftablifh the bridge. 
 
 Between twelve at night and five in the morning 
 all the pontoons and beams were fortunately brought 
 down ; and at half palt five the bridge was complet- 
 ed. Thirty Chaffeurs of the corps of Afpre and 
 fifty volunteers ofNadafly were carried over in a 
 boat to the oppofite fide, and remained at the foot of 
 the rugged mountain, on which the caftle of Trezzo 
 is built, without making the leaft noife. 
 
 , The bridges being finifhed, Major Retzer, with 
 fix; companies of the above-mentioned Chaffeurs 
 and one regiment of Ruffian Co flacks paffed the 
 A Ida : one battalion of Nadafiy, two of Elterhazy. 
 and the fourth Bannat battalion then puffed the rt- 
 vcv, under the command of Col. Bidefkuti, and fell 
 upon the enemy in and behind Trezzo. 
 
ijß suworow's 
 
 The French, who confidered the building of this- 
 bridge impoflible, had not the lead notice thereof* 
 "I 1 he above brigade was followed by the feventh 
 Huflars and two Coffack regiments. The enemy- 
 was driven back as far as Pozzo, where Field Mar- 
 fhal Lieut. Ott, whofe whole divifion croffed the 
 river, fell upon that of the enemy commanded 
 by Gen. Grenier, which was on the point of ad- 
 vancing againfl General VukafTowich at Brivio. 
 
 The battle was very obftinate; the enemy took 
 poft between Pozzo and Brivio, Where it was raoft 
 vigoroufly attacked. 
 
 The enemy, who in the mean time had drawn 
 reinforcements from Victor's divifion, was on the 
 point of turning the Imperial right wing, and the 
 Bannat battalion had already begun to give way* 
 when Gen. Chafteller led up the two Grenadier bat- 
 talions Pers andStentoch, which formed the head of 
 Field Marfhal Lieut. Zoph's divifion, juft then com- 
 ing up againft the enemy. 
 
 The Battalion Pers having attacked in front, fuf- 
 fercd confderbly ; but the Stentoch battalion, with 
 two fquadrons of Huflars of Archduke Jofeph's re- 
 giment, under the command of Captain Kirchner« 
 led on by Lieut. Bokarme of the engineers (to the 
 found of military mufic), fell on the enemy's left 
 flank, which was totally routed; and the Huffars, 
 having broken through the French, made ßoopri- 
 foners, and cut 200 to pieces. 
 
 The village of Pozzo was carried fword in hand. 
 The enemy, in the mean time, had received rein- 
 forcement, and marched his troops up in order in 
 the road that leads from Baprio to Milan, but was 
 again attacked, and Major Hetzer with the Na- 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. I77 
 
 dafty battalion, took Baprio, and made 200 pri- 
 foners. 
 
 The enemy was purfued; and near Gcrgonzollo 
 the French general Beker, and 30 wounded Of- 
 ficers, were taken pwfoners. 
 
 At the fame time General Melas marched againft 
 Caflano, and battered the entrenchments acrofs the 
 Ritorto canal with twelve-pounders and howitzers; 
 and, as the French fell back, caufed a flying bridge 
 to be thrown over the Canal di Ritorto. Firft Lieu- 
 tenant of the Pioneers, Count Kinfki, completed it 
 in fpite of the heavy fire of the enemy. Gen. 
 Melas immediately ordered the Reifky's regiment 
 againft the entrenchments which covered the 
 bridge, which, with three cannons, was carried with 
 fo much rapidity, that the bridge, which had been 
 fet on fire by the French, was faved by our troops. 
 
 Gen. Melas crofted the Adda with his whole co- 
 lumn; and the fame evening marched to Gergon- 
 zollo, and the next day early (28th), to Milan. 
 
 The two divifions Fröhlich and Ott advanced to 
 Milan on the 28th; the right, under General Ro- 
 femberg, pafled the Adda at Brivio on the 27th; 
 but General Vukaflbwich, who had already paff jd 
 the river, formed the advanced guard, met with 
 a divifion of French under General Serrurier. 
 at Bertero, which, after a moft obftinate en- 
 gagement, was beaten, and forced to capitulate. 
 The whole corps laid down its arms; the Ofiicers 
 were permitted to return to France on their parole, 
 and the privates remained prifoners of war. 
 
 After this affair, General Vukaflbwich marched 
 to Como, and the Ruffians to the rieht of Milan- 
 
 7, 
 
1/8 suworow's 
 
 This battle (which has taken the furname of iht 
 Adda) coft the French 6,000 men in killed and 
 wounded, 5.400 prifoners (amongft whom were 
 three generals) and 80 pieces of cannon; the Auftro 
 Ruffian army took 14 itandards. The lofs on the 
 part of the allies was flated at 3,000 killed and 
 wounded. 
 
 In the plan and execution of this attack, Suwo- 
 row di (covered all that prefence of mind and promp- 
 titude, for which he had long been celebrated, and 
 which are thefirft requifites in a great general. His 
 distribution of the several divifions under his com- 
 mand was admirable ; every corps seemed to be the 
 beft fitted for the service which it was appointed to 
 perform ; his knowledge of the talents and qualities 
 of the feveral General Officers appeared to be as 
 perfect as if they had all served under him for years; 
 his orders were given with brevity and precifion, 
 with dignity and iolemnity; his name infpired con- 
 fidence in the army and ltruck the enemy with terror. 
 In his official account of the engagement he gives 
 great praife to feveral of the Aultrian and Ruffian 
 officers, but particularly to Generals Melas and 
 Chaflelkr. Gen. Melas, with his divifion, carried 
 the intrench ments on theoppofite bank, and penetra- 
 ted into Cajjano, in fpite of a moil obfiinate and de- 
 ftruclive refiftance- and, it was owing to the fkill and 
 intrepidity of Gen. Marquis Chasteller that the paf- 
 fage at Trezzo, which the enemy thought impolfi- 
 ble,was so fuccefsfully effected. 
 
 Nor was the battle of the Adda more glorious in 
 itfelf than important in its confequences. Moreau, 
 with his defeated and difheartened army, paffed the 
 Tefiao, abandoned even the Novarefe and the valley 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 171) 
 
 of Sefia, and continued his retreat, 'till, on the lit 
 of May, he took fhelter under the walls of Turin, 
 the capital of Piedmont, and alfo the capital of the 
 King of Sardinia's dominions. 
 
 Milan, which was the feat of government of the 
 C if alpine Republic * and which was only fifteen 
 
 * As this ephemeral Republic has been much talked about 
 in America, it may not be amiss to give some account of it 
 here. 1 1 comprehended, besides the whole of Austrian Lom- 
 bard y, the territories of the Duke of Modena, the Papal pro- 
 vinces of Ferrara, Bologna, and Romagna. It was bounded 
 on the north by Switzerland, the Tyrol and part of the. 
 states of Venice ; on the east by the Adriatic Sea and Austria 
 Proper; on the south by the territories of the Pope, by 
 Tuscany, the Mediterranean, and Parma; on the west by- 
 Parma and the states of the King of Sardinia. It contained 
 3,567 square miles,?and 3,447,384 inhabitants. The country 
 that this base usurpation extended over, is, in every respect, 
 one of the finest in all Europe. The mountebanks of Paris, 
 according to their custom, gave to it five directors, two 
 councils, and other bands of vagabond rulers. They divided 
 it into twenty departments, as follows : 
 
 Departments, 
 
 Capitals. 
 
 Deputies. 
 
 1 Olone 
 
 Milan 
 
 l > 
 
 2 Verbano 
 
 Varese 
 
 12 
 
 3 Lario 
 
 Como 
 
 12 
 
 4 Delle Montague 
 
 Lecco 
 
 12 
 
 5 Tesino 
 
 Pavia 
 
 12 
 
 6 Adda 
 
 Lodi & Crema 
 
 12 
 
 7 Serio 
 
 Bergamo 
 
 1; 
 
 8 Adda & Oglio 
 
 Undetermined 
 
 IZ 
 
 9 Mella 
 
 Breschia 
 
 *s 
 
 jo Benaco 
 
 Desenzano 
 
 9 
 
 j r Upper Po 
 
 Cremona 
 
 *; 
 
 12 Miucio 
 
 Mantua 
 
 9 
 
 13 Crostolo 
 
 Reggio 
 
 
 14 Appenniues 
 j ; Panaro 
 
 Massa Carara 
 
 6 
 
 Modena 
 
 
i8o 
 
 SÜWOROW'S 
 
 miles from the hoftile armies, waited with the utmoft 
 anxiety, the event of the battle of the Adda, on which 
 its fate, as well as that of the whole Republic of 
 which it was the capital, evidently depended. As 
 foon, therefore, as certain fugitives brought the 
 news to the city, the vile creatures of France, the 
 Lombard Republicans, the Directory and Legifla- 
 tive Reprefentatives were feen making off, like 
 thieves, out of the gate towards Piedmont, while 
 the honeft and loyal part of the inhabitants were 
 rufhing to the oppofite road to receive the imperial 
 troops. Here fhouts of joy and blellings refounded 
 all the way. 
 
 Three years before, when Majfena, who then 
 commanded the van of Buonaparte's army, approach- 
 ed this city, he was met by a band of traitors and 
 rebels, who hailed him as the harbinger of liberty. 
 Very different was the proceffion that went out to 
 welcome Suzvor'ow. The Archbifhop of Milan, 
 who, like his predeceffor St. Ambrose, had fcorned 
 to abandon his flock to defpair amidfl the barbarians, 
 was at the head, followed by his clergy, and the old 
 Magiftracy who were fo horribly oppreffed on the 
 invaiion of the French. They met the Auftro- 
 Rufiian army at Creffenzago, and delivered to Su- 
 
 Defartments. Capitals. Deputies. 
 
 16 Reno Bologna 16 
 
 17 Upper Padua Cento 6 
 
 18 Lower Po Ferrara 12 
 
 19 Lamone Faenza • 12 
 
 20 Rubico Rimini 12 
 
 244 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 worow the keys of the city, but could not find lan- 
 guage fufficient to exprefs their joy and their grati- 
 tude. From Creffenzago to Milan, which was three 
 miles, the way was lb crowded that the army could 
 fcarcely advance. From the Itnets, the doors, 
 the windows, the houfe-tops of the city, the conquer- 
 or was faluted with continued lliouts of M Long 
 66 live religion, the Emperor, and Su worow !" 
 Such were the lamentations, which, after a three 
 year's trial, the lofs of republicanifm excited in Lorn- 
 bardy ! 
 
 Very few excefles were committed. Some 
 houfes belonging to the leading Kevolutionills, fuch 
 as Serbelloni at Milan, and Campara at Brefcia, 
 were plundered, and that more by the populace 
 than by the troops. At the fame time that an am- 
 nelty was publimed, a proclamation, as wife as ne- 
 ceffary, was iffued forbidding all reprifals, all vio- 
 lence againft the parti zans of the annihilated fyftem. 
 The amnefty, however, could not be, nor was it, 
 extended to the principal authors of the public ca- 
 lamities, to thofe who before the French irruption 
 and to the very laft day perfifted in preferring the 
 interefts of the Directory of Paris to thofe of their 
 fellow fubjecls, and in being the accomplices and 
 executioners of the oppreflion under which Lom- 
 bardy groaned. Some perfons of ill repute were 
 arretted for the fake of policy, but moft of the 
 great criminals and oppointed agents had followed 
 the French army to Turin. 
 
 The Cifalpine Directory was compofed of five 
 fellows named Savoldi, Ale/Jandri, Te/ci, Lamberti^ 
 and Addaßo. Their brethren of Paris had inferted 
 them in the National Almanack of France, ncxtto the 
 
J82 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 Emperor of Ruß a. One of thefe renegadoes 
 thought it beft to purchafe his pardon by returning 
 to the frontiers, where, by confent of the Minifter of 
 Finance and fome other members of the admini- 
 ttration, he gave up >the fecret repohtories and ar- 
 chives of the run-away Government. 
 
 Turin offering no fecurity fufficiently ftable to 
 this horde of wandering dignitaries and their depen- 
 dents, to the vultures, agents, and conßituUd rob- 
 bers who followed the French army, the caravans 
 of them made their way by Mount Cenis, flow- 
 ing into France, that common fewer of the Re- 
 volutionary filth of Europe, and into which there- 
 fufe of Switzerland, Italy, Ireland, and Germany, 
 have been continually pouring. Afpe&ator of this 
 difcharge of corruption tells us, that no pencil can 
 paint the band, purfued in imagination by the Cof- 
 lacks, clambering over the precipices of the Alps, 
 a-foot, on mules, on affes, and litters; nor the 
 medley of Directors, Legiflators, Ambaffadors, Se- 
 cretaries, Proflitures, Players, Deferters, San-Cu- 
 lottes, Ufurers, and dethroned Delegates, here curf- 
 cd and there laughed at by the people who were 
 wimeffes of this new flight to Paradife^ confoling 
 themfclves for their mi feries, with imprecations, and 
 loading one another with cenfure. 
 
 At the end of eight days, there remained not, in 
 Milan, a veflige of the Republican government. 
 The Executive Directory, the Ministers of War, of 
 Finance and of Foreign Affairs, the Council of El- 
 ders, the Council of Youngers, the Committees of 
 Safety and of Secrecy, the Departmental Admini- 
 ftrators and Municipal Officers, the Revolutionary 
 Tribunals and National Guards, the Requisitions, 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Tricolorcd flags, Cockades, Paflports, Certificates 
 of Civifm, Forced Loans, Jack-Ketches, Liberty- 
 Caps and Guillotines, all were vanished like 
 
 the phanthomsofa dream! The Imperial govern- 
 ment was re-eftablifhed in all its parts. The armo- 
 rial bearings of the apes oftht apes of France, yet new 
 and frefh, gave place to the Royal Eagle, and theCif- 
 alpine foldiers, deferted by the rebel chiefs, enlilled 
 under the banners of their lawful fovcreign. 
 
 Thus perifhed, after an exigence of three years, 
 that wonderful creation of Buonaparte's genius, the 
 mighty Cifalpine Republic ! That ftate, in which 
 all malignant republicans hoped to fee another per- 
 manent example of fuccefsful rebellion, was van 
 quifhedby Suworow in one week; and the divans of 
 rebels, who had tricked themfelves out in robes and 
 badges, and who had treated nobles and princes with 
 difdain, were, in a few hours, reduced to a hand- 
 full of vagabonds, by whofe flight Italy was purified, 
 and the Republican hordes at Paris augmented. 
 
 In the mean time the fortreffes left behind, in the 
 hands of the French, fell, one after another, be- 
 fore the Imperial arms. On the 30th of April fort 
 Orci Nuovo opened its gates. Pefchiera, with a 
 garrifon of 1,500 men, capitulated with General 
 Kray on the 5th of May ; and Pizzighitone furren- 
 dered on the 10th of the fame month to Gen. Kaim. 
 In the capitulation for the furrender of Pefchiera, 
 the French urged very ftrenuoufly that none of the 
 inhabitants fhould be called to account for their po- 
 litical or religious opinions and principles, or for 
 h'dv'mgferved in the French army ; but this conditi- 
 on Gen. Kray abfolutely refilled to grant. 
 
 Beyond the Tclino, the nothern part of Piedmont, 
 
1 84 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 from that river to the Doria Baltea, which defcends 
 from the Duchy of Aofta, Novara poorly fortified, 
 Vercelli and Ivrea ft ill worfe fo, the higher countries 
 bordering on the Lake of Como and Lake Major, 
 and the intermediate Swifs Bailliwicks, were deliver- 
 ed. Parties were puflied on from Ivrea to Chivaz- 
 zo, to within five leagues of Turin, and to the right 
 of the Po. 
 
 To the left, Prince Hohenzolkm and General 
 Khnau overran the Duchy of Parma and the Mo- 
 denefe : Reggio, whole civifm was diftinguifhed by 
 Buonaparte, and which had em braced the Revolution 
 with peculiar ardour, Reggio, after the battle of the 
 Adda flattened to fend its keys and deputies; and 
 the cries of Viva la Rdigione ! Viva i V Impcratore ! 
 fucceeded to thofe of Viva VEgualita ! 
 
 In all thefe different countries, tranfports of joy, 
 mingled with thole of refentment again ft the Revo- 
 lutionifts, who were ironically called Patriots. 
 At Pavia feveral of them were not able to efcape the 
 popular fury: they would all have fallen by the ven- 
 geance of the people, had they not been protected 
 by thofe foldiers, whom three months before they 
 fpoke of with infolent contempt. This inevitable 
 and natural refentment broke out particularly in the 
 Swifs Bailliwicks : that of Sugano did not wait for 
 the arrival of the Auftrians to drive out the French, 
 and to exercife a bloody retaliation upon them. In 
 a word, the predictions pronounced three years pad 
 of the fate refer ved by the Italians for their oppref- 
 fors, their inftitutes, their profelites, and their infig- 
 nia of rebellion, impiety, and anarchy, were accom- 
 plifned. This was the ninth time that the Fiench 
 thus expiated their conquefts beyond the Alps; 
 
II ALI A, N CAMPAIGN. 1 85 
 
 Thefe general infurrcclions, which in fuch cafes 
 were indeed become the moß facred of duties, pow- 
 erfully concurred with the rapid march of the Allies 
 to haften the flight and difordcr of the French. 
 They had no time to fave their magazines, to Itrip 
 the evacuated towns, or carry oft' their ftores of 
 ammunition and other effects, which were abandon- 
 ed to the conqueror. At Novara, by the collufion 
 of one of the Miianefe Directors and the Treafur- 
 ers, General Vukaffowich difcovered the che ft of 
 the Cifalpirie Republic, containing feven million 
 livres of the country in cam. 
 
 This happy change was owing to the wife policy 
 ho lefs than to the military (kill and bravery of 
 Suworozv, who, after having, by his arms, ftruck 
 terror to the hearts of the Republicans, iftiied the 
 following proclamation, 
 
 Italian Nations ! 
 . Arm, and unite under the banner of him who fights for 
 God and Religion, and you will triumph over a perfidious 
 enemy. The army of his Majesty the Emperor and King 
 fight the French and shed their own blood in defence of our 
 most holy Religion, and to restore to yoit your possessions and 
 your ancient government. Were not the French perpetual- 
 ly demanding eriorrrious sums of money ? Did they not ex- 
 act extraordinary requisitions of you ? And, what to fathers of 
 families is still more cruel, did they not tear y ,-ur children 
 from you at the chimerical names cf Liberty and Equalitv, tö 
 make them fight against the troops of your legitimate u- 
 vereign, of a father who loves you, of the most ardent pro- 
 tector of our holy Religion ? Be comforted, Nations! There 
 is a God who watches over you, and armies that defend you, 
 Look at this host of soldiers: another army is sent by the 
 Emperor of Russia, the ally of yours. See hsre the victori- 
 ous army of your Emperor; see on all sides considerate Na- 
 feis full ot enthusiasm co-operating to put an end to this 
 
 A a 
 
i8S 
 
 suwonowV 
 
 bloody struggle An immense number of noble warriors 
 nie com:: to deliver Italv. Fear nothing; the armies are 
 fighting agaihftthe French Republic in order to restore your 
 J.'ws, re-establish religion, and revive public and private 
 tranquillity, by delivering you from the yoke under whicli 
 you have groaned for three years past. The faithful servants 
 of reliricm shall be reinstated in their offices and property. 
 But, mark !— If there be found amoirg you a being > erfidious 
 enough to bear arms agaiost his sovereign, of to favour the 
 enterprises of the French Republic-- such a traitor shall 
 without consideration of situation, birth, rank, employment 
 or condition, be shot, 2nd his property all confiscated from' 
 his family. Your wisdom, ItaiiVn Nations! gives every 
 reason to hope that, knowing the justice of our cause, you 
 will not reduce us to the necessity of putting these rigorous 
 measures into execution, but that you will give us every pos-' 
 M bie proof of loyalty and gratitude to a Sovereign so gra- 
 cious to you. 
 
 (Signed) Suworow. 
 
 The writer of this addrefs was certainly better 
 acquainted with the genius of the Italians, than 
 Buonaparte's poets and orators were. The end, the 
 motives, the duties, the crimes and punimment, are 
 Irated unambiguously. Th^re is a God who watches 
 o~jcrycu, and armies, thai defend y oa! — This is a dif- 
 ferent kind of eloquence from the impious rhodo- 
 montades by which the Generals of the Directory 
 terrified the Nation:;, 
 
 Among the meafures of Suworow, there was one 
 which was highly characterise of a iufl and : noble 
 mind, and which eflfeSufflty put a (top to the cruel 
 pevfocution of the French Refiigees, the victims of 
 their duty and attachment, ftiedding their blood in 
 company with the Confederate Armies, while they 
 were excluded from the laws of war, not admitted to 
 be exchanged, and, if taken prifoners, murdered Lit 
 the uniform of the Powers who were at war wkli 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. l8/ 
 
 -their oppreflbrs. The princes of Lorraine, the 
 Princes Charles and ViBor of Rohan, Colonels id 
 Carnevillc, de Gorger, and many others were ferving 
 with glory in the Imperial Army. In order to in- 
 fare thole rights which cannot be denied the com- 
 moner foldier, Suworow intimated to General Mo- 
 reau that he would order 100 French pri Toners to 
 be Ihot for every emigrant, ferving under him, 
 againlt whom the decrees of the Republic ihould be 
 put in execution. 
 
 During this general wreck of republican! fm, Mo- 
 rtem was very aukwardly fituated. He fcft Turin 5 
 whither he had been driven by his defeat of the 
 27th of April, and pofted himfelf about the fifth of 
 May, in the angle of the two rivers between Valcn- 
 za and Alexandria, with a view of protecting the 
 fbrtrefs of Tortona, which has always been regard- 
 ed by the French as the key of Italy. But, from the 
 fame motive that the French wifhed to prelerve 
 this fortrefs, Suworow wifhed to wreft it from them. 
 This he effected by marching out, on the ninth of 
 May with his whole army, and overawing Moreau, 
 while he fent detachments forward againlt: the for- 
 trefs. The Imperial troops under General Mclas 
 and the Marquis Caiteller, entered Tortona, the 
 French garnion retiring to the citadel. The loyal 
 inhabitants received their deliverers with every 
 demonftration of joy. The town was illuminated 
 the whole night, and the next day high mafs and 
 te de urn were fung in thofe churches, within whofe 
 facred walls the impious Republicans had commit- 
 ted every fpecies of abomination. The citadel, 
 which contained a garrifon of feven hundred men, 
 .was immediately beheged. 
 
 Unable to flop the progrefs of the Imperial arrr? 
 
t%9 
 
 GUWOROW'S 
 
 for a (ingle hour, even vrhen an objeft fo great as 
 Tortona was at ftake, it was no wonder that Moreau 
 foon found it necefiary to retreat ftill nearer to the 
 Alps. Before the end of May, he abandoned his 
 poution between the Pq, the Tanaro, and Bormida, 
 and retreated to Coni. He was compelled to make 
 this movement, not by any considerable defeat of 
 the amy immediately under his command : the 
 11 ep was the necedary confequence of feveral bat- 
 tles, which, though nqt general 9 always weakened 
 the republican army. BeQdes, the manoeuvres of 
 the er::ny'\hreatened daily to hem him in and fur- 
 round him ; the Piedmontefe were taking up arms 
 again it him in his rear, while, in front, the indefati- 
 gable activity of Suworow, gave him not a moment's 
 reft. 
 
 The towns and citadels, in the mean time, which 
 remained in the hands of the French, were daily 
 furrcnderjng to the Imperial arms. The cattle of 
 Milan capitulated on the 24th of May;* the cita- 
 
 * The republicans first entered Milan in the month of 
 May, 179'', and, in May 1799, it was entirely delivered of 
 the n; bu\ they made "dreadful havock during their stay. 
 Besides disfiguring many valuable monuments of antiquity, 
 and de^troyinp; others;; that Prince of plunderers, Buonaparte, 
 sent off a great number of manuscripts, paintings, &c. &c. to 
 Paris. Could the thieves of all countries be collected toge- 
 ther into an army, Buonaparte would be a fit cqmmarjder for 
 them. 
 
 Milan is a very ancient city, and not more ancient than 
 farn J in history. It was built in ,the year 39; after the 
 kuildi#g of Ihme ; it has been besieged forty-five times, 
 twenty-three times taken, and four times almost entirely 
 destroyed. It was rased to the ground by the Emperor 
 Frederick Barbarrossa, in 11 58, for its rebellion. No^with- 
 qtand.-n g all this devastation, it rose again out of its ruins, and 
 as populous in the sixteenth century, that, in the y'ear 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. l8^ 
 
 del of Ferrara followed on the 25th and Ravenna 
 on the 27th. Bologna, where there was a conlider*-. 
 ble revolutionary party with a French regiment, was 
 attacked by General Klenau, who had before taken 
 Ferrara. Mantua, therefore, was now the only 
 fortrefs of great importance that the allies had left 
 behind them in the hands of the French. 
 
 In Piedmont, Cafal and Valenza furrendered 
 without refiftance, and, on the 27th of May, the 
 right of the Imperial army entered Turin, the gates 
 being opened by the inhabitants and the French 
 garrifon having retired to the citadel. Thus was 
 the capital of another chriftian Prince, once more 
 refcued from the tyranny of the barbarians. The 
 republicans did indeed, after \hcy retired to the 
 citadel, begin to play upon the town ; but the fatal 
 effects of this laft effort of their fiend lily e malice 
 was prevented, by a communication made to them 
 by the order of Suworow, who affured them, that 
 unlefs they immediately ceafed their fire on the city, 
 no quarter fhould be granted to themfelves. They 
 remembered the hiftory of Ifinacl> and they had the 
 prudence to ceafe.* 
 
 j £24 acc >rding to report, 300,000 persons were carried off" 
 fry the plague (without the assistance of " mercurial pure es' 
 and, " bleeding almost to death"): at present it contains 
 about 170,000 inhabitants. It has twenty two gates, sixty- 
 one churches, besides manv other magnificent buildings. 
 The city is fortified by a rampart and wall, and has a citadel 
 consisting of a castle surrounded with six bastions and 
 outworks. 
 
 * It is worthy of observation, that the republicans have 
 always been most insolent to those, who were foolish enough 
 to treat them with gentleness. Suivoro^ knew their dispo- 
 sitions well. 
 
i9° su wo row's 
 
 There remained to be reduced the citadels o<f 
 Turin, Alexandria and Tortona. The firtt a möft 
 excellent fortrete, with three thou Fand men, and an 
 ample fupply of ammunition and provifions. Coni, 
 whither Morcau was retired, was capable of defence ; 
 but from Coni to the frontiers of France, there 
 were no fortifications, except Savona and Mon- 
 talban. 
 
 The defpqts of Paris had not, however, been idle 
 all this time. They made great and attonifliing 
 exertions to re inforce the army of Morcau ; die 
 greater part of the body, which was ftationed towards 
 Nice, under the command of Angereau was fent 
 to join him; two whole divihons were fent him 
 from the army in Switzerland ; and the conferipti 
 were battened away from the interior of France, 
 in their wooden moes and the bayonet at their 
 backs. 
 
 The remaining hope of the Directory, was, to 
 attemble by facceffive rc-inforccments a body fuf- 
 ficient to command the attention of Suworow's 
 army (now greatly reduced by the detachments he 
 had made from it), 'till Macdonald could form a 
 junction with Moreau, or 'till by the rapid marches, 
 which Macdonald was ordered to make, Suworow 
 mould -be placed between two fires. 
 
 Some fuppofed, that Macdonald, who was ad- 
 vancing through Tufcany, would proceed with all 
 halle to Genoa, by the way of Lucca, Mafia, Car- 
 rara, and Sariana; but the plan was more bold. 
 Macdonald, having been joined by the divifion of 
 Victor, inlleadof attempting to join Moreau by pafT- 
 ing through the Genoefe territory, turned off from 
 the lea fhorc, and having left moll of his artillery 
 
ITALIAN C A M P A I C Ü . I 9 1 
 
 and heavy baggage in the ftatcs of the Church, pu Hi- 
 ed on with great rapidity through Modcna and Par- 
 ma, in order to form a jupftibh with Moreau in the 
 Tortoncfc, whence they were to crofi the Po to- 
 gether and march to the relief 6( Mantua. 
 
 This plan was not injudicious, its execution was 
 committed to men of great fkill and of undoubted 
 bravery, and, had it lucceeded, the Impcriali.Ls 
 would not only have loft all their conquelts in the 
 Cifalpine Republic, but would, thcrnlclves, have 
 been placed in a very dangerous filiation. But, 
 it was completely fruftrated by the fuperior genius, 
 the watehfulnefs, and the unexampled promptitude 
 of Suworow, 
 
 Moreau's head quarters were at Coni, between 
 which and Genoa he preferved a communication. 
 Suworow was at Turin, from which place, in order- 
 to aid the loyal Piedmontefe and to prevent Moreau 
 from receiving fuccours acrofs the Alps, he had 
 pufhed on his advanced pods to Suza, AfTictta, 
 and Pignerola, and had detached a party to take 
 pofTernon of the valleys of Vaudois, where the French 
 had raifed the people in their cause. The advanced 
 gmrd of his army extended to Cherafeo and its 
 neighbourhood. He was making preparations for 
 the fiegc of the Citadel of Turin, while he over- 
 looked and protected the blockades of the cita- 
 dels of Alexandria and Tortona. Numerous, how- 
 ever as were the objects that demanded his attenti- 
 on, the motions of Macdonald did not efcape his 
 watchful eye; and, though he had little expectation 
 of the republican's attempting what it afterwards 
 appeared he had in view, yet the Field Mäffhal 
 took care to Ration Major General Hohenzollern, 
 
igz suworow's 
 
 with a confiderable body of troops, at Modena, and 
 Lieut; General Ott, with ten thou fand men, at Fort 
 Novo, between Parma and Placenza, while the 
 body, under Gen, Klenau, at Bologna, was ordered 
 to come up, and ad as a corps of referve to either' 
 of thefc that Ihould be attacked. 
 
 Suworow, as soon as he was apprized of the route 
 that Macdonald had taken, went from Turin to 
 Alexandria, where he aflembled his army, on the 
 15th of June, in order to meet him, give him battle 9/ 
 and prevent any junction of his army with that of 
 Moreatt. 
 
 In the mean time, Macdonald, the celerity of 
 whofe March was atlonrming, arrived at Modena^ 
 on the 1 2th, attacked the advanced corps under Gen. 
 Hohenzoliern and obliged him to re-crofs the Pa 
 with great precipitation and conhdeiable lofs, while 
 his fuperior force held Gen. Klenau in perfect inac- 
 tivity. From Modena he puihed on with incredible 
 fpeed through Reggio and Parma, and, on the 
 prefented himfelf befcTe Fort Novo, where he 
 fell upon the corps under Gen. Ott, who had re- 
 ceived orders not to weaken his force by a ha- 
 zardous battle, but rather give way, and retreat to- 
 wards the main army, which was advancing to his 
 fupport. 
 
 Hitherto the afrive and darins Macdonald had 
 met with no obftacle. Moreau, too, had quitted 
 Coni, and by rapid marches, was approaching his 
 countrymen; fo that, on the 17th, the Republican 
 armies were but a few leagues from each other. 
 Macdonald having proceeded with fo much facility* 
 having driven corps after corps before him, feems to 
 have been intoxicated with his fuccefs; for, when h« 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. igg 
 
 faw the ten thoufand men under General Oft retreat 
 fo haftily from Fort Novo, with little or no refif- 
 tance, he is faid to have written to Moreauin the 
 following words: " La viBoire eft encore fidcle 
 " aux armes des republicains i il ne refte plus qu'imc 
 " petite efpace entrenous, et les routes font belles."* 
 Moreau replied to the bearer of the letter : 11 C'eft 
 64 vrai, qu'il n'y refte qu'une petite efpace cntre 
 " nous • mats dans edit efpace il ft trouve Suzuorcw, 
 u qui vaut bien une mauvaife route.t" But Moreau 
 had been at the battle of the Adda ! 
 
 Juft after Macdonald had driven in General Ott* 
 and had crofled the Trebia, winch opened to him 
 the way to Tortona, where Moreau was already 
 arrived, he was met by Suworow. There ended 
 his career! There he found, as Moreau had foretold^ 
 " an obftacle full as formidable as a bad road." 
 The gulph between Lazarus and Dives was not 
 more dangerous and terrific, than the fpäce which 
 now remained between the republican armies. 
 
 The Field-Marthal arrived, with the vanguard, 
 at St. Giovanni,^ at the moment that Macdonald 
 was making up to it, in purfuit of General Ott. 
 Suworow, though his troops were greatly fatigued, 
 immediately ruined on to the fupport of General 
 
 *" Victory is still faithful to the arms of the Republicans : 
 w there remains but a little space between us, and the roads 
 " are excellent." 
 
 t " It is true, there is now but a little space between us; 
 " but in that space is Suworow, an obstacle full as formidable 
 " as a bad road." 
 
 X A Castle and small fortress in the Dutcliy of Parma, ten 
 miles from Placenzn, or Place ntia. 
 
 B b 
 
s u wo row's 
 
 Ott, wit!) his vanguard, under Prince Porkraziorj f 
 and two regiments of Qoäacks, the latter he led id 
 perfon, and commenced a molt furious and dcftruc- 
 tive attack, in which he was Toon after fupported by 
 his infantry, on the left wing of the French, who, 
 after an obitinate rch'lance, were driven acrok the 
 little river Tidone, leaving one thoufand men killed, 
 a great number wounded, and four hundred pri lon- 
 ers. In the mean time, the right wing and Hank of 
 i he republicans were attacked by the Ruffian Gene- 
 ral Prince Gorzakow, while General Ott advanced 
 again ft the centre. The French were rtpuüed eve- 
 ry where, and were all driven over the Tidone before 
 iun-fet. 
 
 Night fufpee/Jed, hut was very far from putting 
 an end to the battle. Macdonald retreated to the 
 Trebia, on the left bank of which he formed his 
 line of battle during the night, which Suworow's 
 army pa fled on the left bank of the Tidone, fix or 
 ieven miles from the Trebia, with which it runs for 
 Ibnie diftance, in a line nearly parallel. 
 
 The troops, on both tides, were cruelly fatigued. 
 Suworow, therefore, did not put his army in motion 
 'till late the next morning, knowing that the additional 
 energy, which his troops would receive from 1 proper 
 refrefhment, would more than over-balance any ad- 
 vantage of pohtion, that the enemy could derive 
 from a few hours delay. 
 
 It was ten o'clock in the morning of the eighteenth, 
 when the Imperial army broke" up from the left 
 bank of the Tidone, forded the river in three col- 
 umns, and advanced towards the enemy ; but, the 
 country, though very fiat, being interfered by nu- 
 merous hedges, rows of vines, and deep ditches, it 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. l^j 
 
 was with no fmall difficulty, that Prince Porkrazion, 
 with the advanced guard, reached the French left 
 wing bv one o'clock. Suworöw's army conlifted 
 of feventeeri battalions of RuffiarW, twelve battalions 
 of Auftiian dragoons, and three regiments of Cci- 
 iaeks, befldes the Auftrian divifion under General 
 Ott, making in all about 30,000 men; lb that the two 
 armies were equal as to numbers, and that of Mac- 
 donald was ebmpofed entirely of French troops, 
 one Polifh legion excepted. The French had in- 
 deed, the advantage of having chofen their ground ; 
 but, as the country was perfectly level, and as there 
 were neither redoubts nor intrenchments, this ad- 
 vantage was very ineonuderable. 
 
 Now, then, the long-conteiied quefiion refpe£Hng 
 the pretended fitperioriiy of republican courage 
 was to be fairly and finally decided. On the one 
 iide were Imperialijts, led by a nobleman not more 
 lamed for his valour than Iris loyalty and piety ; 
 on the other, were Republicans, commanded by a 
 fanl-MotU, bold and pedeVering, inured to treafon, 
 facrilege and blood. The ttrength of the combat- 
 ants was equal, and great was the (take ; for, on the 
 iflbe of the battle it depended, not only whether the 
 laurel mould grace the brow of Suworow, or of 
 Macdonald • but, whether loyalty, or treafon, 
 ihould profper, and whether Italy, the feat of the 
 arts and the garden of the world, fhouid, in f uture, 
 cbnfift of Chriftian Kingdoms and Principalities, or 
 of bale and impious republics. 
 
 Suworow put his right wing under the command 
 of the Ruffian General Rofenburg, his left under 
 that of the Auilrian General hie Lib, and the centre 
 under that of the Ruffian General foerfter. The 
 
i§6 su wo row's 
 
 RuiTiaii Major General Prince Porkrazion com- 
 manded the van guard, and Prince Lichtenftein the 
 referve. Prince Porkrazion had the honour of 
 beginning the attack. He marched up to Macdon- 
 ald's left wing, and, amidit a mower of balls and 
 grape-mot, ruined in at the head of his infantry with 
 fixed bayonets, while his Coffacks turned its flank. 
 The French retreated, leaving prifoners in the hands 
 of the Prince, their adjutant-general, two Colo- 
 nels, and fix hundred men of the Polifh legion, 
 with one cannon and a pair of colours. Macdon- 
 ald, feeing the htuationof his left wing, dispatched 
 to its a'iittance a Itrong reinforcement, to oppofe 
 which General Rotenberg added the whole divifion 
 of Sweykowfky to the van guard of Prince Por- 
 krazion. The attack was renewed, and the 
 French, after a very (tout refiftance, and conhdera- 
 bie lofs in killed and taken, were driven acrofs the 
 Trebia. 
 
 In the mean time, the centre of the Imperialifts, 
 under General Foerfter, with its light vanguard, fell 
 in with the vanguard of the French, which was 
 ccmpofed of one thoufand horfe and a regiment 
 of infantry, and was Rationed about half way be- 
 tween the Tidone and the Trebia. This vanguard 
 was attrcked and driven back in great confuhon on 
 the centre of the French line, which was then 
 attacked by the Ruffians with charged bayonets, 
 and forced acrofs the Trebia; but, Macdonald, be- 
 ing rcfolved, if polhble, to regain his pontion, and 
 having fpeediiy re-inforccd his centre with feveral 
 battalions and a ftrong divihon of cavalry, broke 
 through the ranks of the Audrian infantry, and, with 
 a body of ten thoufand men, reached the left bank, 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 *97 
 
 where he was, however, met with Aich unfhaken. 
 courage by the Ruffian column, who coolly waited 
 his approach, and then threw themfelves on him 
 with fixed bayonets, that he was obliged again to 
 take fhelter on the other hde of the river. 
 
 Nor was the left wing of the Imperiales lefs 
 aQive, lefs brave or lefs fuccefsful. General Melas, 
 having under him the Auitrian divifions of Generals 
 Ott and Froelich, attacked the French with great 
 intrepidity, and, though he had to overcome intrepi- 
 dity equal to his own, he finally fuccecded in driving 
 the enemy from the left bank, but without following 
 him acrofs the river. 
 
 Thus terminated the fecond day of this well- 
 fought batde, without any thing very decifive. 
 Macdonald's whole army had, indeed, been obliged 
 to retreat over the Trebia ; but the ground he had 
 loft was not much, and his new pofition was full as 
 good as his former one. To attack him the Imperi- 
 alifts muft crofs the river, and, in fo doing mult ex- 
 pofe themfelves to his fire. His lofs had, it is true, 
 been conliderable ; but his allailants alio had met 
 with lofs, and the prifoners they had taken from him 
 required troops to guard them. Befides, Macdon- 
 ald was in hourly expectation of the arrival of a 
 legion of Ligurians, un^rr the command of General 
 la Poipe, who were coming from the mountains of 
 Genoa.above Bobbio,and were to fall upon thcright 
 flank of the Imperial army. He, moreover, enter- 
 tained ftrong hopes, and not without fome reafon, that 
 Moreau would, during the next day, come up and 
 fall upon the rear of Suworow, while he engaged 
 him in front. 
 
 The Field Marfbal did not pafs the night without 
 
suworow's 
 
 anxiety. He had left the Count of Bellegarde to 
 blockade in his abfence, the citadels of Toftonä 
 and Alexandria, and to oppofe as long as poffiblej 
 the progrefs of Morcau, Ihoüld he advance ; but, 
 as the force under the Count was very mconhdera- 
 ble, and, as the ftrcngth of Moreaus army was 
 unknown, the gallant and perfevering rcfiftancd of 
 Macdonaid, which had already prolonged the battle 
 to an unexpected duration, could not tail to produce 
 uneaiy fenfaubhs in the mind of Suworow. Du- 
 ring the night, he called his Generals together, and, 
 after having ftated to them their fituation, and the 
 difficulty they mult expect to encounter, he took 
 his leave of them with thefe imprcfiivc words : 
 t: To-morrow, gentlemen, remember, that on our 
 u Iwords will hang, our own honours, the glory 
 " of our Sovereigns, and the late of Italy." 
 
 On the morning of the 19th, the troops of both 
 armies were lo fatigued, that the battle did not be- 
 gin 'till nine o'clock. The lines were drawn up on 
 the two banks of the Trcbia. the Imperialills on the 
 left bank and the French on the right. The river 
 is nearly a mile wide from bank to bank. The in- 
 termediate fpace is an open land divided by fcveral 
 flreams, which were however, fordable in all parts. 
 While the Allies were preparing to make an attack, 
 the French began a molt tremendous lire upon the 
 whole line, and, advancing at the fame time, with 
 great celenity, againlt the village of Calfaleggio, 
 they turned the right v/ing of the Ruffians, and obli- 
 ged them, for forae, time to fall back; but, at this in- 
 üant, Prince Porkrazion fell upon thsir rear and Hank, 
 and made great havock ampngft them. They did 
 not, however, give up their object; they repeatedly 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 1 
 
 renewed the attack upon the village, and were 
 every time repulfed by the Ruffians. The whole 
 left wing of Macdonald now made a furious attack 
 upon the right of the Ruffians j the battle became 
 uncommonly obllinate and bloody; General Dahl- 
 heim made the frft impreffion upon the French, 
 who, {till undaunted, made a fecond attack, and 
 though General Holenberg broke through their 
 whole line, this did not prevent them from rallying, 
 and, with redoubled fury, commencing a third at- 
 tack. The come ft was here at la(l decided by the 
 advance of Prince Porkrazion, who, at the head of 
 his Goffacfcj threw himfelf amidli the French with 
 impetuouty, and produced a confuhon 
 of which General Rofenberg took advantage and 
 completed their defeat. 
 
 To the left, the attack of the French was equally 
 violent on General Melas. They eroded the river 
 with two tboufand horfe and a flrong column of in- 
 fantry, detaching, at the fame time, a fecond column 
 along the Po, in order to turn the left flank of Gen. 
 Ott. But both columns were repulfed. Prince Lich- 
 tenllein, without considering his fnperior force, 
 met the vanguard of the cavalry, attacked it, and 
 driving it back upon the infantry, broke the line. 
 The French, however, rallied again, and were 
 again charged by the Prince, while the main body 
 of the Aultrians, with General Melas at their head, 
 came up, and finding the enemy already in confu - 
 lion, drove them hack with very great lofs in killed, 
 wounded and taken.. 
 
 But, it was for the centre of the Imperial ids, 
 compofed of R uhlans, and commanded by Ceiiera) 
 Foefier, that Macdonald referved Iiis moil furious 
 
200 
 
 SUWOROW's 
 
 affault. Oppofite this part of the army he had 
 erected fome confiderable batteries, from which he 
 kept up a conftant and heavy fire, while he in 
 perfon advanced acrofs the river with his cen~ 
 tre column confifting of the flower of his army. 
 The Ruffians, without firing a gun, waited his 
 approach, with fixed bayonets, 'till he reached the 
 left bank of the river, when the whole column, led 
 by Suworow in perfon with General Focrfter by his 
 iide, darted forward upon his vanguard, which, 
 immediately recoiling, threw the main body into 
 confunon. The carnage that enfued was dreadful ; 
 but, Macdonakl, whom nothing feemed to difhhear- 
 ten, and who ftill hoped to fee Moreau arrive, 
 rallied his troops and returned to the aitack. He 
 was again repuli'cd and thrown into confunon, and 
 again he rallied and renewed the fight. He was 
 repulfed again, and was again endeavouring to 
 rally, but finding it impoßible, he attempted to 
 retreat in fome order; but in this alfo his endea- 
 vours were ufeiefs. The French fled in the great- 
 eil diforder and were purfued 'till the clofe of even- 
 ing by the victorious Suworow, who ilrewed the 
 fands of the Ti ebia with the bodies of four thoufand 
 republicans. Tins blow put an end to the memo- 
 rable and obftmate battle of the Trebia. The 
 French we?e once more driven acrofs the river, 
 and night once more meltered them from the purfuii. 
 of their enemies. 
 
 Macdonald, who had, at Iaft, determined on a 
 retreat, did not wait for the fun to light him on his 
 way. He decamped in the night, lending ofF the 
 divifion of Victor towards the Val de Taro to keep 
 open his communication with Genoa, and haftening. 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 201 
 
 with the reft of his army, acrofs the Duchy of 
 Modena, towards Tufeany. Suworow did not, 
 like General Howe after the battle of the White 
 Plains, defiftfrom a purfuit, faying that there was 
 enough done for one time. No ; he formed his 
 army into flying columns, the Ruflians on the right 
 and the Anftrians on the left, and following tfye 
 fleeing enemy with all pofTible fpeed as far as the 
 river Nura, where the right column overtook their 
 rear guard near St. Giorgio, made prifoners of 
 half the feventeenth brigade, and about one thou fand 
 men belonging to the regiment formerly the famous 
 Auvergne. 
 
 The purfuit was continued, on the 2Tpr, as far as 
 Fiorenzola. General Ott reached Bcrgo St. Tonio 
 the fame day, and, the next, he piirfucd the French 
 to Parma, where General Hohenzollern had alrea- 
 dy arrived, and found feveral of Macdonald's woun- 
 ded men left behind. On the 22nd the army reftcd 
 at Fiorenzola, whence, however, in confequcrtce of 
 intelligence received from his rear, Suworow bat- 
 tened back, by forced marches, towards Tortona. 
 
 The Ligurian Legion, confiding of 3,000 men* 
 Which Macdonald had, for three days, lb anxiouf- 
 ly expccled, had approached near to the Fcene of 
 action; but being met by General Betctzky, who 
 had been detached by the Field-Marfhal for that 
 purpofe, they immediately retreated towards Bobbie, 
 Were purfued by General Betetzyk, with two regi- 
 ments of Coffacks, and were all dilperfed except 
 500 killed and 103 taken prifoners. But, Morcan 
 had, during the abfence of Suworow, left Coni and 
 advanced, with an army of 15,000 men, into the 
 
202 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 plains between Tortona and Alexandria. On the 
 20th, he attacked the Auftrian corps under the Count 
 of Bellegarde, who had been left by the Field Marfhal 
 to blockade thofe two citadels. The Count's force 
 was very inconfiderable > he fucceeded, however, 
 though with the feverc lofs of 2,100 men in killed, 
 wounded and prisoners, in keeping Moreau at bay 
 for four days, at the end of which, the latter, hear- 
 ing of the defeat of Macdonald, and fearing the re- 
 turn of Suworow, began his retreat through Novi 
 and over the Bochetta, towards Gavi and Genoa, 
 and had the good luck to be out of reach before the 
 Field Marfhäl arrived. 
 
 In the mean time, the rear of Macdonald's army, 
 washärraffed by the divifions under Generals Ou, 
 Hohenzoltern and Rienau, who fent in great num. 
 bers of prifoners. The divifion of Viclor was com- 
 pelled to abandon its pofition in the val de Taro, 
 and to take refuge in the Genoefe territory; and 
 Macdonald himfelf, driven from a pofition he had 
 taken behind the Secchia,* purfuedby the Imperial- 
 ifls, harraffed by continual infurreclions of the peo- 
 ple in Tufcany, betrayed by the Cifalpine General 
 La IIoz. whom he had left in that country, and 
 menaced with the approach of a corps of Ruffians 
 j irft landed near Ancona, at lad fubmitted to abandon 
 a country disfigured by his crimes. He led off the 
 miferable remains of his army, now reduced to about 
 F.oco men, rirft towards Leghorn, and thence 
 iilong the Hates of Genoa and the county of Nice, 
 v. hence mod of his fkeleton divifions formed a junc- 
 tion with Moreau, while he himfelf, as a reward for 
 
 * A river on the confines of Tuscany. 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 20J 
 
 his bravery, his perfeverance, his incredible toils 
 and fufferings, and his unfhaken fidelity to his trufr, 
 was neglected, if not difgraccd by his mailers! Such 
 has ever been the gratitude of Republics. 
 
 Suworow was now reaping the fruits of his victory, 
 amidd the admiration, the applaufes, and benedic- 
 tions of the people for whom he was combating. 
 The lofs of the Imperiales, in the battle of theTre- 
 bia, coniifted of t Lieutenant Colonel, 36 Officers of 
 the ftafT and commifhoncd Officers, and 3,250 men, 
 killed; and of three Generals, 3 Colonels, 1 Licu- 
 tenant-Coloael, 187 itafT and commiihoned Offi- 
 cers, and 4 ? 303 men, wounded; making in all 7.781 
 men. The French loll, in killed, 6,200 men. of 
 all ranks; in prifoners taken in the jield of battle, 
 5 0:17; wounded, made prifoners, 7.183, amount 
 whom were 502 Officers of the iraff and commif- 
 iioned Officers, 8 Colonels, 2 Generals of Divifion 
 (Olivier and Rufka), and 2 Generals of Brigade 
 (Salm and Cambrecy) ; making in the whole 18,470 
 men. 
 
 But, it was neither the prifoners taken, nor the 
 numbers flam, it was neither the duration of the 
 contelt nor the valour difplayed, that gave the mofh 
 eclat to the action on the Trebia. Battles, which, 
 though long and bloody, are followed by no impor- 
 tant and durable confequences, require the iifiidanco 
 of books to preferve them from oblivion; while 
 others, which, like thofe of Blenheim, Pult aw a, 
 Ha flings, and Agincourt, decide the fate of a cam- 
 paign, or change the dynafly of an empire, are im- 
 mortalized without the aid of hiflorians or poets. 
 This is the deftiny of the battle of the Trebia ; for, h 
 at once decided the fate of the campaign and of Italy, 
 
204 su wo row's 
 
 The attempt of the French Generals was, indeed, 
 . an act of boldnefs approaching to temerity, but their 
 plan was vaft, and moil admirable concerted. If 
 Suworow had been two days later, Moreau and 
 Macdonald would have formed a junction, and, with 
 an army of 50,000 men, would not only have ob- 
 tained a reinforcement of io,OCO more, by relieving 
 Mantua, but they would, by the lame ftroke, have 
 completely cut off all communication between the 
 armies of Kray and Suxvorozu, and would have had 
 it in their power to march againft, and to defeat, 
 "whichsoever they chofe. Again, if Suworow had 
 bad five thoufand troops lefs, if he had not previouf- 
 3y received a reinforcement from General Kray con- 
 trary to the fecret orders of the Aulic Council, or 
 if Moreau or the Ligurian Legion had come up dur~ 
 ing the battle, the confequence would have been Hill 
 more fatal. So that, in whatever point it be viewed, 
 it was the battle of the Trebia that purged Italy of 
 Republicans, andrellored feven Princes to their do- 
 minions. 
 
 After the battle of the Trebia, the Field-Marfhal 
 fixed his head quarters at Alexandria, where he 
 covered the fieges of the citadel ofthat place and 
 that of Tortona, and where, ? till the battle of Novi 9 
 he fcemed to have little more to do than receive the 
 pieaiing details of the confequences of his victories 
 and of his judicious arrangements. The firlt in- 
 telligence that arrived after his return, was that of 
 the fun ender of the citadel of Turin, which had 
 capitulated, on condition of the garrifon being 
 fent to France to be exchanged for an equal 
 .nurpber of Auftrians, General Fiorella, the com- 
 rzMi&dni of the gariifon, and all his pfficersj 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAICN, 205 
 
 being kept as hoftages for the fulfilment of the 
 articles. Thus was this noble ciiy, the capital of 
 Piedmont and the King of Sardinia's dominions, 
 once more cleared of its devaltators.* On the 30th 
 
 * It was by the most atrocious perfidy, that the French, 
 in Dec. 1798, got possession of this city. The timid Mon- 
 arch of Sardinia had made sarcrifice after sacrifice to the peace 
 which he at last obtained; yet, while the Directory and 
 Councils were making to him the most solemn protes- 
 tations of friendship, their Generals, who pretended to be 
 preparing for the evacuation of his dominion, secured all the 
 passes to his capital, and seized on it in the midst of a pro- 
 found security. 
 
 To describe the devastation, the horrid crimes, that suc- 
 ceeded this perfidious deed, is impossible. " The wretched 
 " Sovereign," says the Anti-Jacobin, " was not merely 
 deprived of his throne, but subjected to insults and degrada- 
 tion which render life itself the dearest of purchases. When 
 the ruffian General Joubert entered the Royal Palace at Tu- 
 rin, he addressed the fallen Monarch in language the most 
 insolent and vulgar, and, echoing the brutal sentiments of 
 his Republican masters, told him the time was come to put 
 an end to his perfidious machinations, his infamous treachery, 
 and his base ingratitude to the Grande Nation. He ordered 
 him, in an authorative tone, to quit the country, with his 
 wife, without delay; but, as forthat assassin, his brother 
 (the Duke d'Aosta), he should remain, and be sent avS a 
 hostage, to France. Here fraternal affection arose superior 
 to every other feeling in the breast of this unhappy prince ; 
 he begged, intreated, and implored for permission to take 
 his brother with him into exile. Joubert remained inexo- 
 rable. At length the King, forgetful of his dignity, and 
 departing from that manliness of sentiment which dignifies 
 misfortune, and palliates disgrace itself, burst into tears, 
 and threw himself at the feet of t hi is wretched upstart, t:ii> 
 }ow, base reptile, engendered in the filth of the revolution, 
 this miserable satellite of a regicidal Pentarchv, who, either 
 from a momentary impulse of pity, foreign from his nature, 
 or from the sudden adoption of a secret resolution tobender 
 fry subsequent measures, his indulgence nugatory, owned 
 
so5 
 
 SUWÖROW'S 
 
 of June the French garrifon of Bologna capitulated 
 with General Klenau, and at the lame time, the few 
 fans- culottes that remained in Florence, retreated to 
 Leghorn, where as they could efcape no further, 
 they capitulated. The iniignificant garrifons, that 
 had been left in different parts of Tufcany followed 
 the example of their brother republicans, and laid 
 down their arms, one after another ; not, however, 
 before they, and their predecefiors, under Cham- 
 poinet and Macdonald had left the print of their 
 rapacious and facrilegious hands on that beautiful 
 and happy country, and deftroyed in fix months, 
 the fruit of forty years wife and paternal admmi ([ra- 
 tion, which all the conceffioris, humiliations and 
 facrifices of the Grand Duke had not been able to 
 preferve from their clutches. In the States oj the 
 Church, where, two months before, * fi nothing wai 
 ** to be feen but fcaftolds, ruins, famifhed mhabi- 
 
 to signify to the supplicating Monarch (but still preserving 
 his tone of insolence and arrogance) his compliance with 
 the request. The Royal Famijy, accordingly, prepared for 
 their departure. As they entered the carriage, they were 
 hailed with the tears and lamentations of an affectionate peo- 
 ple ; — for (will posterity bt lieve it !)the Prince thus banish- 
 ed from his dominions by a foreign banditti was bel&vtd bv his 
 subjects." One would have thought, that this was enough 
 to gratify even republican envv and malice; but, the savage 
 Joubcrt (whom we srjall soon see Suworow str tch dead 
 upon the plain) was not yet content, he stripped the King 
 and Queen of their money and jewels, and seized every 
 * thing valuable in the palace. The Royal Captives were 
 y conducted, through the Duchies ot Milan and Modena, into 
 Tuscanv. On the 24th of February they embarked on board 
 a Ragusian ship at Leghorn, whence a part of the English 
 Squadron, which wai;e i at a distance, conveyed them to tho 
 island of Sardinia. 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 207 
 
 a tants, the mod horrible tyranny, all the crimes of 
 " avarice, oppreflSon, revenge and de f pair in 
 the States of the Church, two months before ruled 
 by an execrable republican banditti, who extorted 
 the lafh cruft from thepeafant, and who anfwercd the 
 cries of hunger with the bayonet; in thefe opprefTed 
 States there now remained only a imall garrifon in 
 Ro me (whence Champoinet had been recalled, and 
 whence Macdonald had withdrawn a great part of 
 the troops), a ft 1 1 1 fm aller in Ancona and in Civita 
 Vecchia. The republican troops in the interior were 
 reduced to a few bands or roving thieves, who, for 
 fafety, depended upon their hiding-places rather 
 than their arms. Lower down, in the Neapolitan 
 dominions, affairs took a turn (till more decided. 
 Some remains of the Royal army having aflembled 
 in Calabria, with lome of the peafants, marched 
 under the brave Cardinal Ruffo, to the relief of 
 Naples, foon after it was left by Macdonald. Jult 
 as the city had opened its gates on the 27th of June, 
 in confequence of a capitulation, which the King af- 
 terwards refufed to ratify becaufe it ftipulated a 
 pardon for the traitor Moliterno, Lord Nelfon, with 
 his fquadron arrived in the Bay, and the forts of 
 St. Elmo, Capua, and Gaeta, being very foon 
 recaptured, and the French fenthome on parole, the 
 King returned to his capital about the end of July, 
 after having been exiled from it for the fpace of four 
 months. The traitor Moliterno was fwung from the 
 yard arm of a Britifh frigate, and, before the end of 
 July, the deliverance of the whole Kingdom of 
 Naples was completed by the exertions of Admiral 
 Nelfon and Captain Trowbridge, with the lailors 
 and marines under their command, aided by a 
 
2C8 SÜWOROVv's 
 
 few flight detachments of Neapolitan, Ruffian, and 
 Britifh troops. 
 
 But had it not been for the glorious refult of 
 *thc battle of the Trcbia* had Macdonald formed a 
 junction with Moreau, or had the former defeated 
 Suwcrow, inftead of having his own army almoft 
 annihilated, the re-conqueffs of Naples, Tufcany,&c* 
 would not have taken place ; or, if they had, they 
 would have been of fhort duration, and would only 
 have tended to irveenfe the Tyrants of France, who 
 would, with their ufual impudence, have termed 
 them rebellions, and would have made them the pre- 
 text of new conhTcations and murders. It Was* 
 then, to the battle of the Trebia that this long and 
 rapid fucceffion of happy events was to be attribu- 
 ted ; it was that which revived the hopes and the 
 courage of all honeft men in Italy, and plunged 
 half a million of mifcreants into defpair.* 
 
 * The wretches, which the French put into power in Italy- 
 are, and very properly, become objects of ridicule with all 
 good men. Their fall is one of those acts of justice, which 
 we may contemplate with sensations unmixed with pain. 
 In their crime as well as in their punishment, they bear a 
 strong resemblance to the Jews; the latter crucified the Au- 
 thor of Christianity, and the former endeavoured to destroy 
 Christianity itself. Both are wandering over the face of 
 the wide world, without a country to own them. — On 
 this occasion I cannot help quoting a passage from a little 
 poem, entitled, " The Fall of Cisalpina," published in that 
 excellent periodical work, Toe Anti-Jacobin Re-view and 
 Magazine. 
 
 'i he Author conducts a fugitive ex-director of the Cisalpine 
 Republic to London, whence he looks back (as is, I believe 
 usually the case wit!- all confiscators ), with tears in his eyes> 
 to the country and ti.r.-, where and when his talents, or 
 rather talon::, were employed in the profitable work of con- 
 fiscation and murder: 
 
ITALtAN CAMPAIGN. 2CK) 
 
 While the Imperiales were thus gathering the well 
 earned fruits of their former victories, the French 
 
 u Time w.ie, I hastened on the banks of Po 
 
 The Hatchet quick, and contribution *lo\* : 
 
 Compeli'd the pamper'd Noble to retreat, 
 
 And garrison'd myself, his feudal seat : 
 
 Steel'd the young patriot's squeamish arm to kill, 
 
 And learn the luxury of doing ill ! 
 
 With ardour snapp'd the matrimonial thrall,] 
 
 Then ruled, as Abbess, in a convent's wall : 
 
 Till the wild Russian join'd in Austria's cause, 
 
 To prop religion, reinstate the laws, 
 
 Restore to slavery, Lombardia's race, 
 
 And dash the new republic from her base." 
 
 " Ah ! sad I hasten d through the midnight gloom, 
 
 Willi Brutus head and breeches, en-iostunit ; 
 
 When (as good Marius, 'mid Minturnae's bogs, 
 
 In silent anguish fraterniz'd withfiogs.) 
 
 Quick oe'r Feirara's marshy plains I hi d, 
 
 No wine to cheei me, and no moon to guide. 
 
 Around me, French, Cisalpines, Piedmontese, 
 
 (Alas ! we've found no classic name for these,) 
 
 Ligurians, Romans, Spaniards, Poles, and Swiss, 
 
 Conscription volunteers, both Trans and CVss, 
 
 (Like Babel's bricklayers,) from Spw9ro't#'svw> 
 
 O'er the communes in gay confusion ran. 
 
 Quick march'd the Russian through the track of blood 
 
 And each dzparment groan'd, and melted where he stood." 
 
 " Next, through Milan I pass, and passing grieve, 
 
 Then sighing leave her, perhaps for ever leave, 
 
 Ill-fated city ! Commerce shall defile 
 
 Thy crouded streets, and joy and plenty smile : 
 
 The busy murmur through thy marts shall grow, 
 
 And English stuffs in warehouses o'eilnv ! 
 
 No more the keen ey'd Murder sha.l be seen, 
 
 To revel deftly on the guillotine. 
 
 But sober Justice on tny bench sh ill sit, 
 
 Throned by the Russian siec;, artel gold of Pitt." 
 
 *' Delays were death, while wafted from my rear, 
 
 Lou J blasts of transports pan mv sicken'd ear ; 
 
 D d 
 
210 
 
 su wo row's 
 
 were meditating another attack on them, more def- 
 pcratc than before; in which, however, they were 
 only preparing ncwdiigrace for themfelves, andfrefh 
 laurels for Suworow. 
 
 Moreau, after the battle of the Trebia, retreated in 
 great hafte from before Tortona, and having afTem- 
 bled the remnant of his own army and the miferable 
 {cattered remains of Macdonald's, amounting in all to 
 about 25 or 30 thou fand men, formed, in the beginning 
 of July, a line of defence in the ftrong pofition, taken 
 by Buonaparte when he firft entered Italy, and which, 
 from Savona to Vado, extended through the Ap- 
 pennines, and behind the Bormodia to Mellefi- 
 mo. While the French General was employed in 
 ftrengthening his already advantageous ground, and 
 attending to the colle£ting of his army, and to the 
 organizing and difciplining of the detachments fent 
 to him from the interior of France, Field Marfhal 
 Suworow, confining himfelf to advancing the fieges 
 of the important fortrefies of Alexandria, Tortona 
 and Mantua, and having his force very much divid- 
 ed, undertook no operation either againft Genoa, 
 fbll groaning under the yoke of republicanifm, or 
 againit Morcau's pofition ; fo that, from the latter 
 end of June to the middle of Auguft, when the bat- 
 tle of Novi was fought, both armies remained in a 
 ftate of feeming inactivity. 
 
 In the beginning of Auguft, Moreau, to whofe 
 
 Proclaim the victor, and confirm their choice, 
 Bv each apostate renegado's ; voice : 
 While, jilted by her votaries, freedom sees 
 Her fanes revers'd, erased her sage decrees ; 
 Fanatic crouds their exil'd priests recall," 
 Old dukedoms r(ti t and new republics fall I" 
 
ITALIAN CAMPATCV. 
 
 211 
 
 zeal, patiencj, courage, and military popularity, 
 the Directory were (as Mr. Mallet du Pan* juflly 
 obferves) indebted for ftill having an army in Italy, 
 was ordered to give up the command of that army 
 to Jouhcri, and was himfejf appointed to take 
 charge of the troops then alkmhlingin Alface. 
 
 Meanwhile the citadel of Alexandria, though de- 
 fended by Gen. Gardenne, one of the braveft officers 
 and ftauncheft rcpub icans in the French army, ca- 
 pitulated, on the äift of July, in a week after the 
 trenches were opened by the Imperiales, under the 
 Count of Bellegarde. The fpeedy reduction of this 
 fortrefs tended to fruftrate the plans of Jcubert, 
 whofe prefent object was to gain time, in order to 
 re-organize his army, difcipline the new levies dai- 
 ly coming in from France, enable frefh fuccours to 
 arrive, and fecure the advantage of a diverfion to be 
 made by the army of the Alps, which was collecling 
 in Dauphine and Savory, under General Cham- 
 poinet. 
 
 In this htuation, and with thefe views before him, 
 he received the dreadful intelligence of the fall of 
 Mantua, which noble city and moll important for- 
 trefs had furrendered, by capitulation, to General 
 Kray, on the 28th of July, after a liege of twenty- 
 days. 
 
 * To this Gentleman's valuable periodical work, "Le Men* 
 eure Britannique" I am indebted for much of the informa- 
 tion contained in this History. His knowledge of the state 
 of the several revolutionized countries, appeals to be supe- 
 rior to that of any other writer. From his remarks vn thai 
 subject, I have profited largely, and in three or four places 
 I have not scrupied to insert almost literal translations fior« 
 his profound and elegant writings, 
 
212 
 
 8 U WOROW'S 
 
 Jouhtri wifhed for nothing lb much as delay; 
 but, wjiile it was doubtful whether a delay of even a 
 month would give him all die additional advantages 
 he expected from it, it was certain that a few days 
 would bring Suworow a reinforcement of 20,000 
 victorious Aufirians led by the brave General Kray. 
 This confederation determined Joubert to wait no 
 longer, but to take the offenfive himfelf, attack the 
 Imperialifts before the junction could take place, 
 and raiie, if pofiible, the liege of Tortona. 
 
 Suwprow fufpected his intentions, and made his 
 preparations accordingly. General Count of Bel- 
 legarde, with 8,000 men, was ftationed at Serzo; 
 General Kray, who had fortunately arrived with his 
 army, was ordered to remain at Alexandria, while 
 the Field -Manual himfelf, with 600 Ruffians, went 
 to PofTolo Fonugolo, leaving the reft of the army 
 at Rival a. 
 
 Or. the 12th of Auguft, Joubert, juft after he 
 had put his army in motion, had the mortification to 
 leain, that the much-dreaded junction of Kray and 
 Suwoiow, which his movements were intended to 
 prevent, had already been effected! This unwel- 
 cone and unexpected news feems to have given 
 him a fort lading of the fate which awaited him : for 
 It appears that he wrote to his wife foon afterwards, 
 that the unlucky pofition of the armies compelled 
 him to engage under circumftances that gave him 
 but little room to hope for fuccefs. It wa.s, how- 
 ever, too late for him to retract; he mull either ad- 
 vance orretreat; )ongerina6tivity was become impof^ 
 £ble. His left wing, therefore, advanced from Mellef- 
 fnno, eroffed the bormida, diHodged the 8,000 men, 
 under General Bellegarae, from Serzo, and polted 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 213 
 
 itfelf on the Orba, in the plains of Alexandria. The 
 Count of Bellegarde had received orders to fall 
 back, after a fhew of refinance, in the like manner 
 that General Ott, on a former occafion, had been 
 ordered to acl upon the approach of Macdonald. 
 The Field-Marfhal was refolved to render the baulc 
 general anddecihve; he, therefore, flrictly forbade 
 the engaging in any partial action, in conlequence of 
 which order, the advanced polls fell back, one after 
 another, and Joubert, who began to conceive hopes 
 of driving the whole army with as much facility 
 as he had done its detached bodies, pufhed on into 
 the vicinity of Novi, and took pofleffion of that 
 town. 
 
 The beautiful andextenfive plain of Piedmont, 
 where French cruelty had fo often liained the ground 
 with the blood of the innocent peafant, is terminated 
 at Novi by a long ridge of hills, which though not 
 very lofty, are extremely deep and rugged. Upon 
 the top of this ridge, during the 1 4th, the French ar- 
 my formed an encampment, and on the 1.6th, Jou- 
 bert intended to make a general attack upon the al- 
 lies. In this, however, he was, notwithftanding the 
 great advantage of his pofttion, anticipated by the 
 Field Marfhal, who had not marched over fo many 
 mountains with his RulFians to be flopped, at laff, 
 by the heights of Novi. Minds like that of Su- 
 worow delight in overcoming phftacles : the road to 
 military glory is always up-hill and difficult ofaf- 
 cent. 
 
 On the 15th, the Imperialifts marched to the 
 attack. Joubert's army comirlcd of about 40,000 
 men; that of the Allies, of about 47,000. The 
 fuperiority of the latter, as to the difciplme of the 
 
214 
 
 SUWOROW'S 
 
 troops, who were, befides, flufhed with viftory, was 
 ftiil greater than their fuperiority of numbers ; but 
 the fuperiority of pofition, which the French pof- 
 feffed more than overbalanced every advantage of 
 the Allies. Joubert had his line already formed, 
 and his cannon ready to play upon the firft column 
 that attempted to advance ; while the Imperialists 
 had to bieak up, to advance, and to form again, 
 under a continual fire, and that too on the fide of 
 a hill, upon which they could hardly drag their cannon, 
 much lefs bring it to bear upon the enemy. 
 
 The Imperial army was in motion before day- 
 light. The Field-Marfhal had given orders that 
 the greateft filence fhould be obferved, and fo 
 firictly were thefe orders obeyed by the feveral 
 divifions that the firft intimation the French receiv- 
 ed of their approach was from the gliftening 
 of their bayonets in the rays of the fun, juft peeping 
 over the horizon. Inftantly the beat to arms was 
 heard, in the French camp, followed by the Mar- 
 fcillois' hymn, while cries of Vive la Republique and 
 of Tortone ou la mort rent the air. But, the fans- 
 culottes had now to meet an enemy, whofe heart was 
 neither to. be foftened by founds, however fweet, 
 nor appalled by noifes, however loud or hideous. 
 
 The Allies advanced (lowly and fteadily on, in 
 fpite of the molt tremendous fire from the whole 
 line of the French, who, regularly drawn up on the 
 edge of the heights, took their aim at leifure, with- 
 out being expofed to a (ingle mot in return. Jou- 
 bert commanded his centre in perfon, Moreau the 
 right wing, and de Grouchy the left. The right 
 wing of the Impcrialifts. confiding of Bellegarcie's 
 corps of Auftrians, was commanded by the gallant 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 
 
 Kray, the conqueror of Scherer and of M« ntua . 
 to the left General Mclas, with another body £ 
 Auftrians, was Rationed a little in the rear to pro 
 tetl Tortona againft the enemy's right wing, whofe 
 destination was thought to be againft that important 
 fortrefs; the centre, compofed entirely of Ruffians, 
 was led by Suworow. 
 
 At five o'clock General Kray reached the top 
 of the heights, and immediately began the attack, 
 in which, a few minutes after, he was followed by 
 Suworow in the centre. It continued with great 
 violence for feveral hours, during which, both 
 fides alternately gave way and advanced again, 'till 
 the Auftrians and Ruffians were obliged to retire. 
 About two o'clock, the Imperialifts made another at- 
 tack ; but, in fpite of all their efforts, the French 
 üill maintained their ground, making dreadful 
 (laughter amongft their enemies. Both armies now 
 prepared for a third and more mortal conflicl. : the 
 Imperialifts, marching over the bodies of their (lain, 
 rufhed in upon the French, with the utmoft fury. 
 The battle became uncommonly bloody, the ground 
 was ftrewed with dead and dying, Joubert, mor- 
 tally wounded, was with much difficulty carried 
 from the fpot; but, ftill vi6lory feemed to lean 
 towards the republicans. Moft fortunately for the 
 Allies, juft at this moment, the brave old General 
 Melds, who had turned the flank and beaten the 
 right wing of the French, came up with fix teen 
 battalions of Auftrian infantry. This decided the 
 conteft. The whole French line. was thrown into 
 confufion, they abandoned No vi and its heights, 
 and fled with the utmoft precipitation, jcubrrt 
 was now dead ; four other Generais, Pcngnon, 
 
s 
 
 21 6 ' SU WO ROW'S 
 
 Colli, /ortonntau, and Gourchv (who has fmce died 
 of Iks wounds), w 7 ere taken pnfoners ; and Moreait, 
 yyho had come to the battle as a volunteer under 
 jfoubcri, led off, towards Nice, the wretched ruins 
 of his army. 
 
 The lofs of the French, in the battle of Novi, 
 confifted of thirty pieces of cannon, fifty-feven wag- 
 gons, 14 ftandard s, the Commander in Chief killed, 
 four Generals taken pnfoners, and 15,000 men, in 
 killed, wounded, and taken. Nor was the lofs of the 
 Imperialists much lefs, as to numbers. The Au- 
 ftrians had 5,600 men killed and wounded, and the 
 killed of the Rullians, owing to their obstinacy in 
 rcfufnig quarter, was proportionably greater. The 
 lowest computation makes the killed and wounded of 
 the Allies amount to 12,000 men. The French were 
 faid to have left five thoufand men dead on the field 
 of battle ; but, fuch was the carnage, fuch the in- 
 difcriminate heaps, in which Ruffians, Auftrians and 
 French lay dead, and in which they were buried, 
 that the exact number of the latter was next to 
 impofhble to be ascertained by any body but Mo- 
 reau himfelf, whofe mailers thought it prudent 
 never to publifh and detail on the unpleafant fub- 
 
 The Directory did, however, confefs, for once^ 
 that they had been defeated. If Joubert had 
 not been killed, the ungrateful defpots would moft 
 arlurcdly have difgraced him ; but as he was dead, 
 thev were refolved to turn his death to as good ac 
 count as poihble, by paying to his memory fuch 
 funeral honours as were well calculated to excite, 
 amongft their volatile fiaves, an enthufiafm that 
 might ailiii in replenishing their depopulated ranks. 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 2XJ 
 
 Numberlefs were the anecdotes, which were related 
 in proof of his heroifm 5 amongft oilier ftones, 
 the filly people were told, that even alter he fell, 
 he continued to call out to his army : " en avant ! 
 " en avant /"* But, it is much more probable, 
 that, when the Ruffian bullet entered his heart, he 
 cried out, " Mon Dicu /"f and fainted. Not 
 content, however with making him a republican 
 hero, they muft alfo make him a Knight-errant. 
 It was faid, that, as he marched up to the battle, 
 he placed the portrait of his newly married wife in 
 his bofom, faying to his officers : " 11 jaut bien 
 u que je triomphe ! J'ai jure ä ma jemme et d ma 
 " party ie, que J'arracherai le lauricr de la tcte 
 " de ce RuJJer\ That joubert Ihouldhave lworn 
 this, is not, indeed, incredible : it was only adding 
 one more falfe oath to thofe he had taken to fup- 
 port his King, and two Conftitutions, all of which 
 he had fucceffively aflifted to deftroy ; nor were 
 hi> expreflions at all incompatible with that mix- 
 ture of frivolity and ferocity, which characterife the 
 republicans of France; but, he forgot, or was not in- 
 formed, that, if there was any valour-infpiring virtue 
 in portraits, Suworow carried one at his brealt as well 
 as he. J At any rate, neither the oath nor the portrait 
 
 * " Go on! Goon! V 
 t " My God! " 
 
 J "I must surely conquer ! I have sworn to my wife and 
 to my country, that I wi 11 tear the laurel from the brow of 
 th is Russian." 
 
 § The portrait of the Empress of Russia. See the plate gj 
 the bead of this work, 
 
 E e 
 
2l8 
 
 su wo row's. 
 
 was of any avail. The laurel ftill grew and ftill flou- 
 riflied on the brow of Suworow, who now became a 
 Prince in addition to his other titles; while dif- 
 appointment, defeat and death were the lot of the 
 prefumptuous Joubert, whofe vile carcafe went 
 to fatten the land of that very King of Sardinia, 
 whom, only feven months before, he had betrayed 
 and driven from his palace and his dominions, and 
 whofe misfortunes he had aggravated by every 
 Ipecies of contumely, infult, and degradation.* 
 
 With the battle of Novi terminated Suworow's 
 Campaign in Italy, whence he foon after marched, 
 with his Ruffians, to co operate with the brave 
 Archduke Charles, in Switzerland and on the Rhine, 
 leaving the Au'trians, under Generals Kray and Me- 
 ias, to act agairift the French army, which was now 
 ftationed in the ftates of Genoa, under the com- 
 mand of the ferocious Champoinet, the plunderer 
 of Naples and of Rome. This army was con- 
 fiderably augmented, and gave that of the Auftrians 
 no fmall embarraffment ; but, though Genoa, 
 when tire lad advices came away, ftill writhed under 
 the horrible tyranny of the republicans, and though 
 fome few paffes, ports, and trifling diftricls, on the 
 fkirts of Savoy and Piedmont, ftill remained in their 
 pofteftion, their forces were acting rather as defend- 
 ers of France than invaders of Italy. Civita-Vec- 
 chia and Rome, the only places of the fouth remain- 
 ing in their Hands, furrendered ; the former, to the 
 brave and e^terprizirig Captain Trowbridge of the 
 Ikitifn Navy ; and the latter, to the no lefs gallant 
 General Baucard, a. Swifs, in the fervice of the 
 
 * See the note in page 20^. 
 
ITALIAN CAMPAIGN. 2I9 
 
 King of Naples, having under his command a 
 body of Neapolitans and Ruffians, and a few 
 Britim foldiers and marines, who alfo had the hon- 
 our to affift in wrefting the city of the Caefars 
 from the hands of the Gauls, while their country- 
 men, at Acra, were defending the tombs of anti- 
 quity againft the wrath of thele modern barbarians. 
 
 But, all thefe fubfequent events were no more 
 than the natural confequences of the victories of 
 Suworow. It was to his wifdom, his valour, his 
 promptitude and perfeverance, and to the animat- 
 ing confidence which his great name infpired, that 
 Italy owed its deliverance. In the fpace of four 
 months from the latter end of April to that of 
 Auguft, he tore up by the roots four republican 
 and infidel defpotifms, watered by the blood of the 
 loyal and the faithful, and, in their ftead, replanted 
 Royalty and Chriftianity. The Cifalpine, the Li- 
 gurian, the Roman and the Vefuvian republics are 
 no longer known but as monuments of his lame, 
 while eighteen millions of people, delivered from 
 the degreiding curfe, are daily calling to heaven for 
 bleflings on his head. 
 
 END 
 
 Of the Italian Campaign, 
 
 Cvpy Right Jecurcd according to Law. 
 
\