ere ee aplsitts ae Hieaae 3 eS iti if : wae Ss e Hae Ee SS ea areas eee eee cane eat seca Serer a petite soaitepeteie Rrasiee — — Lo _— Se ee ee) a | ql . a's * i ; ee | » i ati ¥ oe 4) _< fe Ais Ri«: yg “ » mn . ah Pare a) , on % as q : Ty een lh ee . 7 ; ree ae « hy 3 ce: eels / a. sa - ' . 7 « a z : b q J o i 7 y ry i 4 , ; ' ; ; ; DUKE UNIVERSITY | 7 : ‘ why i 4 yy i 4 A : > ee ; ee ee a. + Y 5 ea of bd ore) tail ae ee OBS a 9 " « GREEK HOROSCOPES ey Memoirs of the AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY Peers pe : “Held oe Philadelphia REE ae for peace Useful Knowledge Volume 48 GREEK HOROSCOPES O. NEUGEBAUER AND Leben Net OL SN THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY PHILADELPHIA Copyright 1959 by the American Philosophical $ i ae ‘ a » Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 59-11559 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY J. H. FURST COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ; ' L’astrologie hellénistique est l’amalgame d’une doctrine philoso- phique séduisante, d’une mythologie absurde et de méthodes savantes employées a contre-temps. A.-J. FESTUGIERE, O. P. La Révélation d@Hermeés Trismégiste I p. 89 PREFACE What we know about Greek astronomy is dominated by Ptolemy’s “ Almagest ” (written about 140 a.p.) and closely related works like Theon’s “ Handy Tables ”’ (end of the fourth century) but we have only very little information about the practice of computing the posi- tions of sun, moon, and planets during any period of antiquity. It seemed, therefore, desirable to make the Greek horoscopes available for study as a group which could be expected to reflect at least some of the current techniques of Greek astronomy. About 60 horoscopes from the first five centuries of our era have been published since Young (1828) and Champollion-Figeac (1840) in the papyrological litera- ture, which comprises about 18,000 texts. We have collected all horoscopes from this widely scattered ma- terial to the best of our knowledge and added a few unpublished pieces which were kindly put at our dis- posal. Wherever possible we have checked all readings in photographs or in the originals. Naturally the study of these texts as a class made it possible to progress occasionally beyond the original edition of the single documents. Instead of giving a list of such small im- provements and referring the reader to the original publication for the main text we thought it simpler and more useful to give for all papyri, ostraca, and graffiti the Greek text in full, even if we had nothing to change in the original readings. We give a translation only, without the Greek text, in those cases where the original has been lost since its first publication. A different situation prevailed in the “ literary horo- scopes,” the majority of which are either contained in the Anthology of Vettius Valens (second century A.D.) or in the later astrological compilations made accessible through the Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Grae- corum. It would have taken us many more years, had we attempted to check the printed editions in all the variants of the original manuscripts. Consequently, for Vettius Valens we relied on Kroll’s edition (1908) ; for the horoscopes published in the CCAG* we checked doubtful passages wherever possible and, as a rule, at least one of the manuscripts, but we did not reproduce the Greek text except for some notes on variant readings. Since the primary objective of this study was astro- nomical, we have excluded from it purely fictitious horo- *For the meaning of abbreviations consult p. 207 ff. vii scopes like the one given in the Dionysiaca of Nonnos whose author had so little concern with astronomy that he placed Venus almost in opposition to the sun. The time limits were given by the material itself: the earliest Greek horoscopes belong to the first century B.c. whereas the latest independent Greek texts are about contempo- rary with the beginning of the Islamic period. Though we are dealing with texts of a comparatively well-defined character, we must admit that we are fully aware that we had to leave many a question unanswered. The discussion of texts of this type touches not only upon all the countless branches of papyrology, on legal, political, medical, and other questions, but also requires familiarity with an excessively complex and unwieldy astrological literature of which the twelve volumes of the CCAG are witness. All that we could hope to do is to present our material for further study in a form as accessible as possible. We hope that the indices and glossaries at the end will be found useful for quick orientation before details need to be consulted, e.g., in Bouché-Leclercq’s unsurpassed Astrologie grecque. Our sincere thanks are due to many scholars who helped us with advice and by collating doubtful passages or providing us with photographs. Our Egyptological colleagues, J. Gerny and R. A. Parker, contributed a study of the Coptic sections of P. Lond. 98, based on a collation of the late Dr. P. Kahle. The important London papyri were repeatedly collated for us by Dr. T. C. Skeat to whom we are also indebted for several new readings. For the texts in Oxford we had the help of Dr. Colin H. Roberts. Dr. Bartoletti was helpful in checking papyri in Florence and Dr. Doresse made the parchment horoscope from the Louvre accessible to us (No. 326). Through Professor H. Youtie we obtained unpublished material from the Michigan collection. Dr. E Boer in Berl and the late ¥. H. Cramer were helpful in checking codices in Germany and France. For permission to reproduce photographs of unpub- lished texts we are grateful to the authorities of the Cairo Museum (No. 46), Cornell University (No. 282), the Laurentian Library in Florence (No. L497), the Louvre (No. 326), and the University of Michigan (Nos. 182 and 208). We are greatly indebted to the American Philosophical Society for making the publication of this work possible. CONTENTS Introduction di A. Numbering of the Texts ee ee es Pee . OE 1 he SSYETILOOUS. tle Se eet Sake 0 ES Ue 1 C. Method of Dating om 1 D. Glossary of Astrological a ‘nee Terms Z ee wmeme Omomal Documents “292 4 a9. . 1. 4 s wt ew el le lhl el.lCUd Sereiome lies iie t10Loscopes irom: Literary Sources. . «4s kt sk Oe le CG ae am mCcheral sO Omimentcn sy | Fee. 0 ae 5 ve ff oe 2). ae sw ww lel Ul le «16 MIEOOIOCICAISISthIDUTIONN a Soe. Ss 8 ef Uw we Uw UU «CT PP CBELONOSCODesrGCHGi@limees Gras) iene Sao 2 (ee Walt eae ue aw wt sl «2162 C. Arrangement of Re EE SiC Ga ey Ge OW Weal. , ero s Hl63 OCU TICE att ee eer See a es RO RRR re wk. (165 Pee consi caNe artes Gta eee Mie ce tl Uh ee ell UCU AZO ee ctL 0 O01Cal atc ae Se ee le TA a Ro ak wk ew Cw Cw «(178 Dames tVieelneAitiors othe Luerary Horoscopes 1. °. 2. ltl lel Ue Uhl le ls «16 Re sm icKo ame meee 0. EME el a me ke wl a el lw Cy 176 Pe i COCCI item ae eg Ee ie ee iy eS wag, wy es CC CABS ROR SOU TOrsINIC2CAmeiee at ME a eee Sl we GO wee ee O86 cmb acca UtOkSm my alte eee ee ela PO PP ey a «187 ee ee nc. Om m hl i. | Rn wtp) Oe Shore ek pes + » 187 Palchus ee ee mg te a a 2) ee OR Re a Cg «SZ ic otic er er Mee ee ele 7 8 ee et eee wy, lw 6g )«61BZ LEASH TT a es Ge eae ele cee emmy ne A Se NO a Stephanus ee ee ee ae ees AO ety eT ky Ce 6190 ny Me ee Re ss Ce Bee a la ws de 6e)6(LGI pe Cl ar eerie ae end See bs ee Gi eae ee ee te sk wee, «19 ence eCreeks (OCs) semen Plan ss ees. ae ke lw! TOF Veaperce ay Orjomincom plete mn Mammen se ers Sn oe ee, ee 4 200 ae ainesrolmcrcoisnandrriaces: 2) 18) satin a See. ae we el lw hf 6200 Ameoiistellations aidestaryNames . 122 2 iy sa fy « os «= « 6 « .s « 201 B. Coptic ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ce «6202 ee eer een Oe eee eee ee ow!) Ge ghee Te al ae TD «6202 Concordances . . ee er ee ee A re ie dw Kees fre es | 205 A. Papyrus Publications ee ees) ew Pe i ee poe pe 205 mee cum ci) meen en eS, Yt OATS Me foe al we ae St oak we ew oa aw 205 ne OC ee el ee ae ee te A 206 Oh, (ONISIP “SOUSSS no ere rc ae 6 Reterencess 2) 5 = re eee ee ee, a et a Oe. es ee et ce 4 207 Suoject Indexeee me oa na Ss ee eee eee et Coie) Oe mt a we DLT Diagrams for Original Sources (pls. 1 to 9) ee ee ee es PONS Oe c.g ALA mk wd MD isetameiorlnc aryeeacroscopesn (pis 10.4G 20) ee le lt ALY PaO Locnanion (pismo OTOuoc) Meer amn Hn tee eee pe So ee ee ae Sk lw ew 229 INTRODUCTION A. NUMBERING OF THE TEXTS The texts are numbered, so far as possible, by their Julian dates. If L is prefixed we mean a “literary source ” (Vettius Valens, etc.) as distinguished from an original text (papyri, etc.). For example No. 125 is a horoscope on papyrus for a.p. 125. If there are several horoscopes falling in the same year, they are differen- tiated by the addition of the month (or even day), e.g., L114,V and L114,VII. In case of duplication, the letters of the alphabet are used for distinction, e.g., 137,a and 137,b. In case the date cannot be established accurately, the number is determined as follows. If definite limits are known (e.g., the reign of an emperor), these limits are used. Thus a horoscope dated by an unknown year of Antoninus is numbered 138/161. The estimate of a century to which a text may belong is indicated by using the fiftieth year of the century but always followed by 1, or 2, etc. For example, 250,1 and 250,2 mean two papyri tentatively assigned to the third century (whereas 250 alone means exactly the year 250). Similarly 300,1 means “ from third'to fourth century ” 325,1 “ first half of fourth century.” B. SYMBOLS es | restored passage i} superfluous passage in text, e.g., duplication ) our addition H Horoscopos (i.¢., rising sign) M Midheaven (upper culmination) A Dysis (setting sign) IMC Lower Midheaven (lower culmination ) © sun; in texts: 9 y ~ Aries € moon % Taurus é conjunction x =Gemini 8 opposition %5 Cancer 63 ascending lunar node Uv Leo ® Saturn = Phainon mm Virgo 2. Jupiter — Phaeton = Libra 6 Mars = Pyroeis ™ Scorpio 2 Venus=Phosphoros 7 Sagittarius 8 Mercury = Stilbon vS Capricorn vx Aquarius Pisces Ficure 1, In original documents no symbols occur except occa- sionally ¢ or €. The planetary and the zodiacal symbols appear only in Byzantine manuscripts, though written- out names occur at all periods. Some samples of zo- diacal symbols from late manuscripts are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 20 p. 156. The symbol © for the sun does not seem to be attested before the Renaissance. C. METHOD OF DATING 1. Only a small portion of horoscopes are explicitly dated. In the cases of papyri and ostraca the criteria for the date of such documents provide relatively narrow plausible limits, but in the case of literary horoscopes the possibility of fictitious compositions had to be faced. It is only because of the generally excellent agreement for the majority of horoscopes quoted by Vettius Valens with computed dates belonging to his period that we can be sure that the majority of the “ literary ” horo- scopes are based on actual facts. 2. For the initial dating a graphical procedure was used. The positions of Saturn and Jupiter were com- puted in steps of 60 years from —60 to + 600 (cf. table 1 given here). Then a long sheet of graph paper TABLE 1. was divided into 60 units of length, representing 60 years, and into 12 units of width, representing the twelve zodiacal signs. In the same scale two graphs of the mean motion of Saturn and Jupiter respectively were prepared on tracing paper.t To investigate, e.g., the interval from + 60 to + 120, one places the graph for Saturn at the left end on 3 16, on the right end on 25 2 (cf. the table) and similarly, Jupiter on ~ 2 and ~ 21 respectively. Then the mean places of both planets are *Tf 1 cm represents one year in the x-direction and 30° longi- tude in the y-direction, then Saturn needs 29.4cm, Jupiter 11.9 em to cross 12 cm in width. Z GREEK HOROSCOPES known for the whole interval. If, e.g., the horoscope requires a conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter, only those years are possible where the two graphs intersect, and the same holds, mutatis mutandis, for any other com- bination. Thus one obtains very rapidly all possible dates within narrow limits. The position of the sun determines the month; the moon fixes the day within + 1 day. Then the three remaining planets can be tested, Mars being most decisive for the first trial because of a motion of almost six signs per year. 3. The method of dating could be simplified con- siderably as work progressed. At first a wide range had to be tested in every single case. As more dates were established, a file of already known positions and dates became very helpful. All horoscopes were filed lexico- graphically according to planetary positions, beginning with Saturn, down to moon and sun. As more and more such positions were associated with definite dates, it became easier to estimate the proper date of a new horo- scope from the date of a nearby position. Especially in the case of Vettius Valens did narrow limits appear to hold for the horoscopes of each chapter. This made it possible to date even incomplete horoscopes or to detect scribal errors. 4. All computations for the planets were carried out by means of P. V. Neugebauer’s tables in Astronomische Nachrichten 248 (1932). The results are accurate to about one degree, which is much more than needed in the majority of cases where only zodiacal signs are given. For the moon volume 2 of the same author’s Tafeln zur astronomischen Chronologie (1914) was used, but only for mean longitude and mean anomaly, ignoring latitude and all perturbations. This is again ample to determine the day with an accuracy of + 1 in most cases. The date was usually chosen in such a way that the moon falls near the middle of the sign in question. In limiting cases, near the boundary of a sign, one has to take into account that ancient tables from the first centuries A.D. assign to longitudes values about 5° higher than modern tables (cf. below p. 180). The hour was found in a simple schematic way by counting two hours for each zodiacal sign of solar dis- tance from the horizon (which is known from the “ Horoscopos””), disregarding all seasonal corrections. The error of this procedure will remain within + 2 hours, in which time the moon moves about 1°. Again this is more than sufficient when nothing but zodiacal signs is given. For the lunar nodes the tables of E. W. Brown (1919) were used though only by rounding off the results to ten minutes, which is amply sufficient for our purposes. About the same accuracy can be reached with P. V. Neugebauer’s tables, quoted above, by computing the element ® which equals —&. 5. The determination of the culminating point (M) of the ecliptic from the rising point (H) is easy to carry out by means of Theon’s Handy Tables ? which give the solution of this problem on the basis of spherical trigo- nometry for the different climata (cf. p. 4 “ Clima” and p. 9 “ Midheaven”). During all periods, how- ever, and particularly for the earlier horoscopes, the arithmetical methods developed in Babylonian astronomy were used. In such cases we followed the same method, using the rule of Paulus Alexandrinus (cf. p. 10). D. GLOSSARY OF ASTROLOGIGCAE RAD TECHNICAL TERMS Hellenistic astrology developed a rich technical termi- nology. Except for rare cases all necessary information can be obtained from Bouché-Leclercq’s masterful As- trologie grecque (1899). For any detailed study of the subsequently published horoscopes Bouché-Leclercq’s work will be an indispensable tool. We found it useful, nevertheless, to have at hand a simple glossary of the technical terms and concepts which should suffice as a first orientation in reading the text of a horoscope. Agathos Daimon (‘‘ Good Genius ’’). Locus 11 from Horoscopos, as “ starting place” (rézos aperixds) inferior only to Midheaven and Horoscopos (cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 416). For its influence cf. Vettius Valens IV,12 (p. 179,26 Kroll). Similar influences were attributed to the locus 11 from the Lot of Fortune (Locus of Success, wepurontikds témos) but the two were not identical; cf., e.g., the horoscope No. L350: Alexandrian Calendar. See Calendar Aphesis. See Starter Apoklima (dzo0xdupa) A sign which precedes, in the order of the signs of the zodiac, a center is called apoklima; thus Y is apo- klima if, e.g., Midheaven is in &. Cf. also Loci, p. 8, note 22. Ascensions. See Rising Times Aspects The Tetrabiblos 1,13 distinguishes four combinations of symmetric arrangements of points of the ecliptic. “Opposition” or “ diameter” (endpoints of a diameter), “trine” (equilateral triangle), “quartile” (square), “sextile” (regular hexagon). For details of this doc- trine of the “ aspects” cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 165 ff. A planet is especially in,“ dominant aspect” (xa6v- meptepynois) towards another one if it precedes the second ?N. Halma, Tables manuelles astronomiques de Ptolemée et de Théon, Paris, 1823 (=vol. 2 of Commentaire de Théon d’Alexandrie ... ; vol. 1 p. 148 ff. contains the table for sphaera recta). We generally used a photocopy of cod. Vat. graec. 1291. TECHNICAL TERMS: Aspects — Clima 3 planet by 90° (“quartile”) in the sense of the daily rotation; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 250, p. 252,4a. Cf. also the excerpts from Antiochus by Rhetorius, CCAG Pps.107 No. 26. and -p. 155 No.2). > as. Since the a’s are measured in degrees, M also is counted in the same units. Division by 15 changes degrees to hours. The concept of “ rising times ” is of Babylonian origin though only applied for the geographical conditions of Babylon, i.e., for M: m=3: 2. These rising times were not found by exact trigonometric computation but approximately determined by arithmetical progressions. Two methods were known for this, called “ System A” and “ System B” respectively (cf. p. 12). The corre- sponding rising times are System A System B G1 = O42 = 20° a1 = ay. = 21° dz = ay, = 24 Qo = ay, = 24 a3 = ayo = 28 a3 = a4) = 27 q a4 =ag = 32 a.—=dy = 33 a5 = ag a a5 = ag = 36 a5 =a; = 40 @g =a; == 39: In both cases we have M =a,+- - -+ a) = 3,36, thus m = 2,24 (since M + m= 6,0° = 245) and M: m= See: With the transmission of Babylonian astronomical methods to Alexandria, similar schemes were adopted for this locality. In order to obtain M : m—=7: 5 one must use System A System B ay = 12 = 21 val} a, = aj. == 22 eStore @2 = ay, = 25 Qo = ayy = 25 4 TECHNICAL TERMS: Clima a3 = ai0 = 2H 330 C—O oe Se 23) as = G2 j=— 35 ag az, = Oy 330 ag = ay) = 28 320 a4 =a = 31 40 = 35 == 3020 which give correctly M = 3,30, thus m= 2,30 and M :m=+=7-: 5 for both systems. By linear extrapolation from these two starting points a whole system of geographical zones, called “ climata,” was developed. It appears in two “ Systems,” A and B, and with two fundamental localities, (a) Alexandria and (b) Babylon, respectively. In all cases seven cli- mata were distinguished, the “ first” being Alexandria, the “second” Babylon. Actually, however, the two original lists do not occur ina common scheme. Starting from Alexandria one used the following values of M as characteristic for the climata: 3,30° 3,34 3,38 3,42 3,46 a5 = as ag — az 3,00) 93,34 Thus Babylon, with M = 3,36, falls between the second and third value. Similarly Alexandria with M = 3,30 is omitted if one uses the sequence 3,32° 3,36. . . 3,56 which is based on Babylon. This holds for both sys- tems, A and B, of rising times. Vettius Valens (1,7) gives as definition of the cli- mata, a scheme of rising times which are computed according to System A and based on Alexandria (“ clima 1”). In fact, however, he also uses in his text the sequence based on Babylon (as “clima 2’); in both cases rising times of System B occur.* The same incon- sistency runs through the whole ancient and mediaeval astrological and geographical literature. In order to be able to characterize a scheme exactly, we give in table 2 a complete list of all cases of rising times ob- tainable from Systems A and B, respectively, and with (a) Alexandria or (b) Babylon as basis. With the development of spherical trigonometry, probably not much before the end of the first century A.D., an additional version of “ seven climata’’ comes into existence. It is based on a sequence of geographical zones, beginning with the equator (this case is known as ‘“‘ sphaera recta”), such that the longest daylight M increases in steps of % hour. Ptolemy, in the Almagest II,8, gives a list of rising times for 11 such zones from M = 125 to M17. From this a selection of seven zones was made, beginning with M —13 and ending with M —16 (where M : m=2: 1). These are the “seven climata” used by many later authors® but known already to Ptolemy.® In this arrangement Alexan- Gi ey ilteyb ° Examples: Theon of Alexandria (about 360) Handy Tables (Halma III p. 34£) =P. Lond. 1278 and the closely related tables of Cod. Vat. Graec. 1291 (written about 816) ; Isidorus of Seville (about 600); al-Battani (900); Marvazi (1050) ; Bar Hebraeus (1279), and passim in Islamic and Byzantine tables. ° Almagest II,13 (Heib. p. 174-187), VI,11,12 (Heib. p. 538, 21, 640 24,40 28, 13,20 19,26 40 23.40 27, 53.20 3), 4040 32. 6,40 35; 20 38, $320 f 40 36 20 40, 33 20 BOORKaAS bs so fx Is, 33,20 21,20 27, 640 32, 53,20 27, 13,20 32,46 40 31.20 34,40 43,53,20 | 44,2640 | 4, 38 : Pn [asel al a mp = TABLE 2. dria (with = 14) becomes the “ third clima.”’ Un- fortunately, Byzantium with M = 15;15" falls between two climata and therefore later tables contain a special table for this latitude. The relations between these different types of “ cli- mata,” all of which remain in use during the Middle Ages, are represented in table 3. Finally a remark is needed concerning the position of the equinoxes and solstices. If not explicitly stated to the contrary we always assume that these points coin- cide with the zero-point of their respective signs. In Babylonian astronomy, however, the vernal point was located either at P 10 (in “ System.A”) or at ¥ 8 (in “System B”) and particularly the latter norm occurs quite frequently in Greek astrology. In this case one must define a; as the rising time of the ecliptic are from Y 8° to & 8° etc. and m and M refer to v3 8° and 25 8° respectively. It is characteristic for the syn- cretistic attitude of Hellenistic astrology that a table 10; 538,24/539,1) ; Analemma (Heib. p. 214, 10 ff.) ; Planis- phaerium (Heib. p. 249,15) ; also Geogr. 1,15 (Miiller p. 41,1; 10f.) with reference to Marinus of Tyre who wrote about A.D. 110. TECHNICAL TERMS: Clima— Decans 5 for the length of daylight, computed with System A, may use the vernal point Y 8° of System B.’ Almagest 1,8 eer we zh [30° [ii] Sphaera recta ___— 3,30"| 14 3;32[148 |_| Babylon 3,36} 14, : 52 sselase| (0153730 b|3.40}4,40] | 7 2is2[448| | bate ts s45_[5:5] Hellespon b{ 348/152] | [Rome [6] Seoiaaaar | 3, 52/15,28|29:16]15,30| 3,52;30| __|Middle Pontus | 6 | 72 b[356[/544] | 16 [40 [2:1 |Borysthenes | 7 | 16530] 4 7;50|11:5| South Brit. ia See | Tera Se TABLE 3. Commanding and Obeying Signs According to Tetrabiblos 1,14 the zodiacal signs of the summer semicircle (from * to 1) are “ command- ing,” the signs of the winter semicircle (from ~ to *) “ obeying ” (cf. also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 1631.). A more complicated scheme is given by Vettius Valens I8 (cf. fig. 2a) according to which ¥ obeys 8, M obeys Ny, while 3% and & and # and & “ look” at each other (if we restore correctly the meaning of the some- what confused text). The equinoctial and solstitial signs (f So = V3) seem to be excluded from this scheme. The computation in Vettius Valens is based on the rising times for System A and the latitude of Babylon. P. Mich. 149 distinguishes even three types of rela- HOnss tauecce, to. vhear, (ef. fig. 2b), and to “per- CEIVE. Contact (cvady) There are several possibilities for the moon to be in “contact”? with a planet according to a doctrine for 7 Cf. the table in Vettius Valens VIII, discussed below in (ln, JUNIE (Go, 172). which Vettius Valens VII,5 (p. 290,14-23 Kroll) quotes “the king,” i.e. Nechepso. The moon might be in a sign next to the planet such that she will come soon in con- junction with the planet as her longitude increases; or the moon might reach the diameter of the planet (ex- amples: Nos. L 120,IX, L 478, L 516) or the side of the quartile aspect * (example: No. L 475). For a slightly different doctrine cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 245 ff. a. Vettius Valens b. PR Mich. 149 FiGure 2. Culminating Point. See Midheaven Decans ) The “decans” of the Hellenistic and later periods are simply the thirds of the zodiacal signs, i.e., sections of the ecliptic of 10° lengths. Historically the decans go back to Egyptian lists of 36 constellations which were drawn up many centuries before the introduction of the zodiac.® Only when in the Ptolemaic period the zodiac was transplanted to Egypt did the decans become directly associated with this new system of reference for the solar motion through the year. The Egyptian lists of decans experienced in the course of history many minor modifications, partly from intentional changes, partly by the accidents of tradition. Their latest form is represented by an astronomical frieze in the Temple of Edfu *° (Ptolemy VII Euergetes II) and, with minor and obvious errors, by a frieze in the “ Silver Room” of the Temple of Hathor in Den- dera*? (Augustus-Trajan). It is the list from Edfu which forms the basis for the second column in table 4 given below, except for the variant for the third decan in Gemini, which is taken from the Outer Hypostyle in Dendera ** (Tiberius). The Egyptian names of the decans are still reflected in several Greek and Latin versions though there were manufactured lists of decans which have nothing in common with the Egyptian originals (e.g., in the “ Testa- * Trine seems to be excluded. ® For the original positions of the decans cf. Neugebauer [9]. *° Porter-Moss VI p. 134 (north wall). ** Porter-Moss VI p. 58f. (Room XI). * Porter-Moss VI p. 49 (ceiling). 6 TECHNICAL TERMS: Decans— Dominant mentum Solomonis’’). The most frequently quoted Greek version is taken from Hephaistion of Thebes (fourth century A.D.), which is reproduced here in the third column but only in so far as it agrees with the Egyptian prototype. Professor R. A. Parker has recog- nized that the second half of Hephaistion’s list is dis- torted by errors and duplications ** which have not, however, affected to the same degree the Latin list preserved in Firmicus (fourth century). From this source are taken three names, adding one variant from Scaliger; cf. column (4). (3) Hephaistion baad x 3 WR —IW Mm —-|IWR — 5 ~< + hit d b enn / iF Chal phwy d3t poun Tuy OUGCTEVKOTL tm? ws3ty bk3ty ipst sbhs tpy~° hntt ee hrt 1 @& 2 | A 2 3 | S ] afe 2 5 Sentacer Tepsisen(?) Bj —-|Wanw — “FU Iet$< < a2 2 Sat B fit it | yes TABLE 4. In the Greek horoscopes the decans are mentioned by names only in P. Lond. 130 (No. 81) and P. Lond. 98 (No. 95). For these cases the commentaries to Nos. 81 and 95 should be consulted. For the details of the astrological importance of the decans see Gundel, DD (1936) and the article “Dekane” in RE Suppl. VII, 116-123 (1940) by the *® The decans No. 2 and 3 in V3 and No. 1 of ~ are taken by Hephaistion as the three decans of V3. On the other hand the third decan of * and the three decans of are given by Hephaistion two lines too high for the correspondence with the Egyptian names as shown in our table. same author. The reader should be cautioned, however, against Gundel’s tendency to derive much too much from Egyptian sources (cf., e.g., Schott [1]). Depression. See Exaltation Diameter Aspect in which two celestial bodies are located in opposite endpoints of a diameter of the ecliptic. Cf. also “Opposition.” Diocletian, Era of The corresponding Julian dates are obtainable from the relation Diocletian 0 Thoth (I) 1=a.p. 283 Aug. 30 using the Alexandrian calendar for the years of the era Diocletian. Disjunct (dovvderos). See Turning away Diurnal. See Sect Dodekatemoria Assume a point A of a zodiacal sign being o degrees from the beginning of the sign. With A is then asso- ciated as its “ dodekatemorion ” another point B whose distance from A is 120 (and therefore from the begin- ning of the original sign 130). This relationship is one of the rare instances where a similar doctrine is also known from cuneiform sources." The following table gives the longitudes of B with respect to the beginning of the sign of A, measured in “signs” (s = 30°) and degrees. As OF owed ie. Gee A: 0° 16° is wee 2 0 26 iF at 3 17? 18 7 24 4 1P22 19 Sue 5 ets 20 S20) 6 24S A ore ye ed 22 O16 8 3 14 23 929 2 Slee 24 Orr 10 4 10 25 10 25 it 4 23 26 LU 12 5: 6 21. 1p 4 13 2 19 28 0 4 14 6. 2 Peg) O17 1 Gi5 30 0 30 Example: original position: & 21, thus A=21 and B= xb 0° +953 = ~& 3° as dodekatemorion. The dodekatemoria obviously increase the number of possibilities for the horoscopic predictions. Dominant. See Aspects 14 Cf. Neugebauer-Sachs [1]. TECHNICAL TERMS: Dysis — Loci 7 Dysis Setting point of the ecliptic, exactly opposite the Horoscopos. Denoted in our diagrams by A. Cf. also “enters.” Epanaphora (éravadopa) A sign which follows, in the order of the signs of the zodiac, a center. Thus & is epanaphora if Y is in Mid- heaven. Cf. also Loci, p. 8 note 21. Equinox. See Clima : Era. See Augustus, Diocletian Exaltation (tYona) and Depression (razeivopa) Zodiacal signs of special power and weakness respec- tively of the planets as indicated in fig. 3. (+ Exalt., 4+ Fo (She O+ ay t\ qt /F* oe ae ere Exaltations and Depressions Ficure 3. — Depr.). Cf. Tetrabiblos 1,19 [20]. The arrangement of the planets on which this scheme is constructed fol- lows the order of the geocentric distances and is there- fore of Greek origin. Occasionally exact longitudes are associated with the exaltations as follows: @xr ge we BR Wes: (Cen Bom) Q@: 27 Dies ae 21 OS pS Meee a V5 The depressions are located 180° distant from the exalta- tions. Cf. Vettius Valens III,4 (p. 140, Kroll) and Boucheé-Leclercq, AG p. 192 ff. Exaltation (of the Nativity) In Vettius Valens II,18 (p. 80 Kroll) the “ exalta- tion” of a given nativity is defined by means of the position of the sun (in daytime) or of the moon (at night). This is done in the following way: one counts the distance from the sun to (which is the exaltation of the sun) or from the moon to 8 (the lunar exalta- tion) respectively. The same distance is then assumed to separate the Horoscopos from the exaltation of the nativity. Example: *° The sun in $v is four signs ahead of 7. If the Horoscopos is in =, then the exaltation of this nativity is 1 because = is four signs ahead of x. For another example and for the definition cf. the textvot, Nob 50:"° Follow. See Precede Horoscopos or Ascendant The rising point of the ecliptic; cf. Tetrabiblos III,2. Denoted in our diagrams by H; see also “ centers.” Houses (o/kou) Each planet has two houses, symmetrically located to % and $v, which are assigned to moon and sun respec- tively (cf. fig. 4). Cf. Tetrabiblos 1,17. The arrange- Houses Figure 4. ment of the planets according to their distance from the earth speaks for a Greek origin of this doctrine. In the horoscope No. 81 the name “ sign” (e8.or) is used instead of “ house.” Katarche (katapxy ) Literally “beginning.” As a branch of astrology it concerns the investigation of the influence of a momen- tary configuration of the celestial objects, e.g., at the beginning of a journey, upon the outcome of an enter- prise. Thus the Katarche plays the same role with respect to a specific event as the horoscope does for the life as a whole. Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 458 ff. Loci (toro) Astrological doctrine developed two other twelve- divisions of the ecliptic, beside the fixed division into the twelve zodiacal signs. These new twelfths are counted either from the Horoscopos (H) or, occasionally, from the Lot of Fortune. The single intervals are either of constant length, 30° each, or obtained by accurate tri- *° From No. L 188. *° Additional examples: Nos. L 65,X 95,V,18 97,XI 109 123,1 440 463 484. g TECHNICAL TERMS: Loci— Lots ve section of the arcs between the “centers” (H, M, A, IMC) or rather points which precede the centers by 5 degrees.1" Whatever the procedure of division may be, all these doctrines have in common the idea of assigning each twelfth, called “locus,” a special significance for a certain sphere of life, like parents, children, death etc. In de- tails there exist many variants in associating influences to the loci. We quote in the following list the names most commonly used in astrological literature.** The variants—far from complete—are mostly taken from Vettius Valens, especially II,5 ff. (p. 62 ff.) and IV,12 (p. 179 Kroll ?®). It can be observed that the loci in Vettius Valens IV,12 are often diametrically opposite to the commonly accepted positions.”° The loci are always counted in the same order as the zodiacal signs, that is, with increasing longitude (cf. fig. 5), or opposite to the direction of the daily rotation which is indicated in figure 5 by an arrow. Loci Ficure 5. A. From the Horoscopos 1. opookéros (= H), life; also body, spirit or breath. 2. éravadopd,? livelihood, property; also “gate of Hades.” It concerns livelihood, partnership, intercourse with women, business, profit from inheritance. 3. dmoxAa,”? brothers; also “ goddess” (moon) ; living abroad, royalty, wealth, friends, relatives, slaves. ** For a detailed discussion of this procedure cf., e.g., CCAG 8,1 p. 221 ff. (from Rhetorius). Cf. also Tetrabiblos III, 10 (= IJI,11 Boll-Boer) and P. Mich. 149 col. IX. As a medieval example can be quoted an anonymous Latin work on comets of A.D. 1238 (Thorndike, Comets, p. 60). There it is said that the 10th locus reaches from the point M at Y 28;37 over the whole sign of Taurus. Indeed, the Horoscopos being §\ 4 a third of the arc from M to H is 31;48° long. On the other hand the loci between A and M cover only 28;12°, *8 Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 276 ff., also p. 415 ff. *9 Cf. also CCAG 2 p. 158, 18 ff. °° Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 280 f. ** All loci which immediately follow a center are called érava- gopa “in process of rising” because they are next to be- come centers, e.g., Locus 2 is the next section to rise after the Horoscopos. °? All loci which immediately precede a center are called aréxkdiua “ declining” because they are past a center in the sense of the daily rotation of the sky. 4. troyeiov (= IMC), parents; spirits, life in temple; repute, children, etc. 5. émavapopa, children; also “ good fortune.” (dya6y tvx7). Children, friendship, accomplishments ; marriage ; Venus. 6. daoxd\pa, slaves; also “bad fortune.” Illness, enmity, infirmity ; Mars. 7. Svois (= A), marriage. 8. éravadopa, death; trial, penalty, loss, weakness. 9. dméxdipa, travel; also “god” (sun). Friendship, travel, benefit from kings, revelations, manifestations of gods, soothsaying. 10. pecovpdvnna (= M), career and honors; accom- plishment, reputation, children, wife. 11. éravapopa; also “good daemon.” *% Friends, hopes, gifts, children, freed persons ; accomplishment. + 12. dmé«dpa; also “bad daemon.” Enmity, foreign country, slaves, illness, dangers, court trials, infirmity, death. B. From the Lot of Fortune Vettius Valens 11,40 (p. 126,12 Kroll) mentions the possibility of counting at least the 8th locus, the locus of death, not from the Horoscopos but from the Lot of Fortune. This practice is followed in the examples given at the end of the same chapter; cf. No. L 65,V. Also ‘“ Midheaven” and especially locus 11 “ accom- plishment’”’ are counted from the Lot of Fortune. Lots (KAjpor) From the longitudes of the Horoscopos, sun, moon, and planets, new points on the ecliptic are derived, which are considered significant for the nativity in question. Lot of Fortune (kAjpos tvyns) According to some astrological doctrine the longitude Ay of the “ Lot of Fortune” is found from the longi- tude Ay of the Horoscopos and from longitudes of sun and moon as follows Ay = Aq + (+ Aq = Ao) { which is, of course, equivalent to Ap = Au + AC — AO daytime night under all circumstances; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG P. 288 f. and p. 291 note 1. In No. 81 the use of Ap = An — (AC — Ao) is mentioned as a procedure of ignorant people. In practice, however, the rule Ay = Ag + (AC — Ao) { daytime night °° Cf. above sub “ Agathos Daimon.” TECHNICAL TERMS: Lots— Midheaven 9 has been followed. It is stated in Vettius Valens II,22 p. 87,26 *4 and consistently applied in our material. Lot of Daimon (KAjpos daipovos ) This point is symmetric to the Lot of Fortune with respect to the Horoscopos; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 294 ff. Hence Ap = dn & (AC — Ao) if Ar = dy + (Ac —Ao)- Lot of Eros and Lot of Necessity (kdjpos épwros and xXjpos avayxns ) According to Paulus Alexandrinus (cf. Bouché- Leclercq, AG p. 307 f.) one should have An = Aq + (Ag — Ap)” INS = sr ete (As — Ay). No example of this procedure is preserved in the extant horoscopes. In Nos. 138/161 and 338 the following relations seem to be applied: Noy) = A SE (Ap — Ap) Ay = An = (Ar— Ap) which is equivalent to saying that the Lots of Eros and of Necessity are symmetrically located with respect to the Horoscopos and accordingly at a distance from the Horoscopos of twice the elongation Aq — Ao. For additional usages of the term “ Lot” cf. Bouché- Leclercq, AG p. 293 note 1 and the commentaries to Nos. 95 and 137. Lot of Basis In Vettius Valens II,22 (p. 87,29) a “ KAjpos tis Bacews”’ is defined as follows: add to the Horoscopos the distance from the Lot of Fortune to the Lot of Daimon if the nativity falls in the day, otherwise the opposite direction is to be taken. This principle is applied in Nos. L 78 and L 188. Lower Midheaven Point of the ecliptic in lower culmination, also called imum coeli. Denoted in our diagram by IMC; cf. also prcenters,”’ Macedonian Calendar. See Calendar Magnitude of a Star The star catalogue of the Almagest (books VII and VIII) contains, beside longitude and latitude of each star, also a number which measures its brightness, called ** For another variant see CCAG 1 p. 167 f. *5 We owe to Miss E. Boer the text of Paulus Alexandrinus in which he gives an example according to_which for daytime An = (Ag —Av) + number of degrees of H within its sign. The omission of whole signs of H is, however, perhaps a mistake. péyeBos “ magnitude,” ranging from 1 to 6, the sixth magnitude being assigned to the smallest visible bright- ness. These numbers agree quite well with modern photometric magnitudes; for details cf. Peters-Knobel, ECS. pAl2Zu th. Male and Female Signs According to Tetrabiblos 1,12 the zodiacal signs are alternatingly male and female, beginning with Aries (cf. fig. 6). For other norms see Bouché-Leclercq, AG py 199. t Male and female signs FIGURE 6. Midheaven (pecoupavnpa ) The culminating degree of the ecliptic, denoted by M in our diagrams; cf. also “ centers.”’ In the horoscopes the problem often arises to deter- mine M from the Horoscopos H at a given clima. The correct trigonometric solution to this problem is given by Ptolemy in the Almagest II,9 (Heib. p. 144,14). Let p(H) denote the rising time, for the given clima, of the arc from ¥ O° to H; then (1) a(M) = p(H) — 90 is the right ascension (= rising time for sphaera recta) of M. Thus the longitude A of M can be found by using the tables for sphaera recta (Almagest II,8) in reverse direction. The Handy Tables of Theon simplify this procedure still more by tabulating a(M) + 90 directly as func- tion of A. Furthermore, the tabular interval is reduced from 10° steps in the Almagest to 1°. It is this type of table which was used in the late literary horoscopes. The situation is different in the case of the arithmeti- cal schemes, Systems A and B (cf. p. 3), for the rising times. If M denotes the longest daylight, measured in degrees, d the difference between rising times of con- secutive zodiacal signs as explained on p. 12, then for all climata the following relations hold (M180) eet e180), System A: System B: Since for sphaera recta M = 180, we see that the arith- metical schemes of rising times lead to the assumption 10 TECHNICAL TERMS: Midheaven — Periods d—O for sphaera recta. This implies that the rising time of all zodiacal signs would be equal, namely, 30°, and no distinction made between ecliptic and equator. We were informed by a kind communication of Miss E. Boer that in chapter 30 (p. 81 f. ed. Boer) of Paulus Alexandrinus (late fourth century A.D.) exactly this assumption is made for the computation of the longitude X(M) of Midheaven from the Horoscopos. Paulus’ rule is (2) Since vs 0° has the longitude — 90°, we see from (1) that formula (2) implies that 4(M) =a(M) or that no distinction is made between longitude and right ascension. XCM eee Monomoiria Each single degree of the ecliptic is associated with a planet. There exists a great variety of systems to achieve this; 7° cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 216 note 3, also Gundel, HT p. 338 ff. In our material only No. L497 makes use of this concept, following a procedure described in Vettius Valens IV,26 (p. 202 Kroll). The subsequent table 5 porstete tala La EAEIESLAESE AE PIRES Ee) CSRS ea TABLE 5. will serve to determine the monomoiria to a given longitude A, expressed by a zodiacal sign s, degree d, and fractions f such that O < f =0;60°. Determine the house ruler, i.e., the planet whose house is s (cf. p. 7). Enter in the table the corresponding column and take the line in which d is found, ignoring f. The planet thus found is then the ruler of the degree in question. Examples (from No. L 497) : 1. The sun is in ™ 4;22. Since Mm is a house of ¢ we enter the table d = 4 under ¢ and find the moon as, ruler. 2. The Lot of Fortune is in SU 16;0 = & 15;60. Ruler of Su is the sun; thus for d = 15 we find @ as ruler of the 15th degree. Month names of the Egyptian calendar. See Calendar *® See also Stoicheion. Nativity or Genesis = horoscope Nocturnal. See Sect Oblique Ascension. Sce Rising Times Opposition Position of moon or planet diametrically opposite to the sun. Less accurately is this term applied to the case where moon or planet rises in the east when the sun sets in the west (hence axpévvkros = beginning of the night). Cf. also “ Diameter.” The outer planets (Saturn, Jupiter, Mars) are retro- grade when near opposition. Paradosis = Yielding Transmission of rulership from one planet to another according to the sequence of periods of life; cf. Bouché- Leclercq, AG p. 493 f. We also find the following procedure applied: if you investigate the nu year of life, reduce n modulo 12. The remainder m is then used to count the number of zo- diacal signs from one planet A. If we then find that the m*‘ sign is occupied by a planet B, the influence of A s “yielded” to B. For examples cf. Vettius Valens V,10 (No. L102 and related horoscopes). Phase The concept of “phase” is probably derived from the observation of bright fixed stars. In the Greek calendars the characteristic risings and settings of stars are listed in their relation to the seasons. These first or last appearances in the morning or evening are called the “phases.” Ptolemy’s ddces darAavév déorépwov Kal ovv- ayoyn érvonuaciov were edited by Heiberg in the Opera astronomica minora of Ptolemy and discussed by H. Vogt in part V of the Griechische Kalender edited by Boll. The corresponding “ phases ”’ of the planets are, of course, not in a fixed relation to the seasons. Their computation is discussed in the Almagest XIII,7-9. Tables are given in the Almagest XIII,10. More exten- sive tables were contained in the Handy Tables (Heiberg p. 174, Halma I p. 15). It follows from the horoscopes that this problem was already dealt with in the time before Ptolemy. Periods The following ins periods ” are often used: © 19 [19 solar years = 235 lunar months: “ Me- tonic cycle ” | € 25 [25 Egyptian years = 409 lunar months] b 30 [30 years: approximate synodic period] 2 12 [12 years: approximate synodic period] 6 15 [15 years: approximate synodic period 77] ? 8 [8 years: approximate synodic period = 99 lunar months ] % 20 [20 Egyptian years = 63 synodic periods 7°] °*" Cf. Tetrabiblos I1V,10 and P. Mich. 149 V,18 ff. *’ Cf. Almagest IX,10 (II p. 293,4f. Heiberg). TECHNICAL TERMS: Periods— Sect 11 The astronomical arbitrariness of this collection of parameters is obvious. It is significant that the lunar period of 25 years is based on Egyptian years only,” whereas the 19-year intercalation cycle and the 8-year period of Venus are fundamental parameters of Meso- potamian practical astronomy.*° For astrological purposes these periods are used in order to associate definite numbers with the single planets; but these numbers may or may not signify years—they may also represent months or even days. For example: the total of these seven periods is 129. Counted as months 129 equals 10 years and 9 months and this interval has in this way become a new signifi- cant interval (cf. the title of Vettius Valens VI,5 “ On the divisions in 10 years 9 months of favorable or un- favorable periods ’’).** The above list of periods is not the only one used. In fact these periods are only the “ minimal periods ” beside which “ maximal” and “mean” periods were assumed as follows: Maximal Mean Maximal Mean © LAD 694 3 66 404 C OSes 664 Q 82 45 b pee 434 88 8 76 48 2 1982 454% The “‘ mean ”’ values are the arithmetical means between the extrema. Cf. also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 407 ff. Planetary Symbols. Cf. Introduction p. 1. Precede ‘ A planet is said to “ precede” a second one if it is farther ahead in the sense of the daily rotation (or of smaller longitude). The second planet “follows” the first one. The same sense of direction is meant in Babylonian astronomy when it is said that a planet is “in front of ” (to the West) or “behind” (to the East) a fixed star. Prosopa The decans are associated as “ countenances”’ or “faces” or “ marks” with the planets according to the following list (table 6). Each column shows the se- quence of the days of the planetary week. Cf. Bouché- Leclercq, AG p. 224 ff. and Gundel, DD p. 30 ff. Right Ascension. See Rising Times and Sphaera recta Rising Times The rising times indicate how many degrees of the 2° Cf. Neugebauer—Volten [1] on P. Carlsberg 9. *°'The mathematical astronomy of the Seleucid period made use of much more accurate relations. ** For different examples cf., e.g., Nos. L 132 or L 158. *° Vettius Valens 1V,6 p. 164,8-10. °° 'Vettius Valens III,16 p. 157,9-11. equator cross the horizon of a given locality simul- taneously with the consecutive zodiacal signs. We denote these rising times by Q4 aq... .ayj2 following the order of the zodiacal signs from to X. The exact determination of these rising times for a given geographical latitude is a problem of spherical trigonometry and is given in Book II of the Almagest. 7? lo} X & 4 # 4 mt z S Ye HHO HK AA Ost 10 4K, PIAA Ost io fMAA O QA Ost to Pta QA Ost 40 xfass be Doras TABLE 6, Approximative arithmetical schemes were developed pre- viously in Babylon, using constant differences (“‘ Sys- tem A’’) or a slightly refined scheme (“ System B”’). For details cf. s.v. Clima (p: 3) and Midheaven (p. O): In general the rising time of any given arc of the ecliptic at given geographical latitude is the length of the equatorial are which crosses simultaneously the hori- zon. If in particular the arc in question is counted from 7’ O° to a point P of longitude 4, then the corresponding rising time is also called the “ oblique ascension ” of P. In the special case of a geographical latitude ¢=0 (“ sphaera recta’) one speaks of “ right ascension.” Because 1° of the equator is the equivalent of 4 minutes of time, the rising times can be converted to hours and minutes by means of multiplication of the degree numbers by 4. Sect (aipecis) Planets are said to belong either to the “ diurnal ” or “nocturnal sect’ as follows *4 diurnal : nocturnal : sun moon Jupiter Venus Mercury as morning star Mercury as evening star Saturn Mars ** Cf. Tetrabiblos 1,7; for finer details see Vettius Valens II,1 (p. 55,10 ff.) and IIL5 (p. 141,17-26) or CCAG 1 p. 146, 1 ff. (from Rhetorius). Also Bouché-Leclercq, 4G p. 103. 12 TECHNICAL TERMS: Sect — Triangles A similar classification is made for the signs of the zodiac : nocturnal : S 2% MM VW xX diurnal: ° 5 MiG I, Se ge Ae Solid Signs According to Tetrabiblos 1,11 the signs 8, S., M, &, are “ solid.” Sphaera recta The phenomena of rising and setting, as seen at a point with geographical latitude ¢ =O, represent the case of “ sphaera recta” in contrast to “ sphaera obli- qua” for latitudes ¢ AO. The rising times of sphaera recta are called right ascensions. Starter (ddérns) In some of the later horoscopes (e.g., No. L401) a computation is carried out by which it is determined in which order and to which length the single planets rule the periods of life of the person in question. In this sequence of planetary chronocratorship, generally either the sun or the moon is the “ starter’ (for day- or night-birth respectively) while Saturn terminates the allotted span of life. For details see Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 411 ff., esp. p. 416 ff.; furthermore: Vettius Valens IV,2 (p. 158, Kroll) and V,11 (p. 232 ff., Kroll) ; Hephaistion II,11 (CCAG 8,2 p. 657f.); and Rhetorius (CCAG 8,1 p. 227,1-16). Step (Ba6pos) This concept occurs in our material only in No. L 497. Cf. the commentary to this text (p. 154). Stoicheion Bouché-Leclercq (AG p. 291 note and p. 217 note) assumes that the orovyeioy is the same as potpa “ degree.” He suggests that “lexpression orovyeiw Avs appliquée au ¥ 14 doit indiquer une répartition des planétes, degré par degré, dans Vorder 8 @ 6 2 b en com- mencant par ¥ = Y 1°.” According to this scheme 14;6 would indeed fall in a degree assigned to 2 as required by No. 81 line 60. One must wait for further evidence, however, before this scheme can be accepted. Equally possible would be an explanation, e.g., as a twelfth part of a sign (dwdexarnpdpiov) counted in the same order as the “ terms.” In CCAG 12, p. 161, 18 “ 68a Kat ororxeta of rising and setting’’ are mentioned without clear details but the translation “ sign and degree”’ is at least plausible. Strabo, Geogr. 11,16 (Loeb I p. 462) calls the geo- graphical coordinates of a place its orowyeia. For ororyeia and decans see Gundel, DD. p. 227. The zodiacal signs are sometimes represented by the letters (ororxeia) of the alphabet; cf. Boll, Sphaera, p. 469. In this sense is to be understood Diog. Laert. VI,102 where he speaks about “an Arcadian hat with the twelve letters inwrought in it.” Systems A and B Babylonian astronomy of the Seleucid period uses two different methods for the description of the motion of the sun and related phenomena. These two “ Sys- tems,” called A and B respectively, find a continuation in Hellenistic astronomy. For our purposes the follow- ing facts are characteristic for the two Systems: (a) The vernal equinox is assumed to correspond to a solar longitude of Y 10° in System A, but Y 8° in System B (whereas the Almagest uses Y 0°). Especially the norm of System B is very frequently found in astro- logical writings far into the Middle Ages. (b) The rising-times of the zodiacal signs (cf. p. 11) are in both systems computed according to simple arithmetical schemes (in contrast to the tables in the Almagest -II,8 which are based on spherical trigonometry). Let @1,42,. . -,@12 denote the rising times of the 12 con- secutive 30-degree sections of the ecliptic, beginning with the vernal point, then System A assumes aiys = oa, + d fori—1 to 5 and a4, —=—a,—d for i—7 to 11 with constant difference d; in System B, however, we have aj14—=—a +6 for i—1, 2, 4, 5, and a4 —a;—8 for 1—7, 8, 10, 11 but a4 =a; + 28 and ay = ag — 28. The values of d and 6 depend on the geographical lati- tude or on the “clima”’; cf. p. 4. Terms (dpia.) The “terms” are sections of the signs associated with the planets. The Tetrabiblos 1,20,21 mentions three different systems for the division of each zodiacal sign into five sectors, each of which is then associated with one of the five planets. Of these three methods, in our texts only the “ Egyptian” system seems to be applied except in No. L 497 which also quotes the terms “according to Ptolemy ”’ (Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 211). Its scheme according to the Tetrabiblos is given in the subsequent table 7 (also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 207). Using it, e.g., for %, we see that Jupiter rules the first 6 degrees, then Venus from 6 to 12, Mercury from 12 to 20, etc. The same scheme is found in Vettius Valens I,3 with the exception only of the last three entries for ==, which are 219, 9 26,2 30: A totally different scheme is given by Vettius Valens IIT,9 (Kroll p. 144 f.). It not only considers the planets but also sun and moon. The whole tables, one for day- time, one for night, are given by Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 214, together with a summary of the motivation which Vettius Valens gives for the order and assignment of terms. This system of terms is used, at least partially, in Vettius Valens III,8 and in VIII,8. > Triangles In Tetrabiblos 1,18 the twelve zodiacal signs are TECHNICAL TERMS: Triangles — Zodiacal Signs 13 grouped into four equilateral triangles (cf. fig. 7). Each triangle has a planet for its ruler during daytime and another for the night, except the triangle 95 mM 3% which has Mars as ruler both night and day with moon by night and Venus by day as co-rulers. oO, st S h 3 D2O eK a 3 bf x3 DO we a 3 Qasr me YY QA ew fo LY sf ON ON NL LO OO EEO N ae eS) fd wa f 40 PY 40 40 4a 40 40 10 PL 4 40 1 f 40 72 4a Lf LY oF 1A 410 LY 46 a M oO” 4 = o” ? 4 t q oF o? St st Y% @ -st Qt Q ot or ww a TABLE 7. A more elaborate scheme is given by Vettius Valens II,1 (p. 55 Kroll) as follows: Triangle daytime night SP Se ae Or 2G me (@y One VS Q C é ( @ i) = ioe) teh Sal ei ey ML Soa ll oO 2 ) € re) g ¢ In general two planets are in the aspect of “ triangle ”’ or “trine” if their longitudes are 120° different. For details see Vettius Valens II,16 (Kroll p. 69 ff.). Turning away (dzdorpodos) Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 166, considers dréotpodos “turning away ” and dovyderos “ unconnected ” or “ dis- junct”’ as equivalent expressions for “not in aspect” and indeed passages like CCAG 8,4 p. 226,6 speak about “the turning away of disjunct signs.’ The latter con- cept is then defined as signs which are contiguous to a sign or its diameter. These are indeed the signs which are neither in trine, nor in quartile nor in sextile to the given sign.*° Ss & (0) PT Mm = x oe ml 4 S @d mds R d. S&QaA 4 on (Oni tJ) ie SkOn Triangles FIGURE 7. In our material the concept “turning away ” occurs six times in literary horoscopes. Four times “ Saturn, the ruler of the full moon” is dréarpodos. In three of these cases (L75 3rd version, L.87,VII, L.123,VI1) Saturn is either one or five signs distant from the full moon, thus not in aspect. In the fourth case, however, m® and full moon are in quartile. Similarly, in No. L 101,1II, Saturn “ The ruler of Daimon” is in sextile to this Lot. Thus we have two cases in which drdorpodos seems to mean something different from “ not in aspect.” Agreement between the two concepts is found again in L114,V where Jupiter in & is contiguous to the diame- ter © (with b ) —=.** Vernal Point. See Clima Yielding. See Paradosis Zodiacal Signs For the symbols and their arrangement cf. Intro- duction p. 1. °° Cf. also Tetrabiblos 1,16 Robbins =1,17 Boll-Boer. It is characteristic for the flexibility of astrological interpretations that these “disjunct” signs, contiguous or 5 signs apart, can be considered as signs which show a special “affinity” (cvurddea) to one another (CCAG 1, p. 153,20). *° A similar example is Vettius Valens V,7 p. 216,1£.: Mars and moon in V$ are “turning away” from the sun in ~. I. THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS No. —61 Nimrud Dagh On the summit of the Nimrud Dagh, about 7,000 feet above sea level in the Taurus range, Antiochus I of Commagene built his tomb, adorning it with a large number of colossal statues and long inscriptions con- cerning the cult of himself, his ancestors, and his patron gods. These monuments were investigated in 1883 by Puchstein, Humann, and v. Luschan; the results were published by Humann and Puchstein in their Reisen in Kleinasien und Nordsyrien (Berlin, 1890) p. 232- 253. The Western Terrace of this large complex con- tains, besides statues of Apollo-Helios-Hermes, the Goddess of Commagene, Zeus-Oromasdes, Antiochos, and Artagnes-Herakles-Ares, also a huge relief of a lion, covered with stars, and showing the moon and three planets: * nearest to the head: ¢acfwv doc Jupiter Cenllens cTiABwv aroAAwvos Mercury nearest to the tail: upoee npaxAleovc] Mars That the lion represents the constellation “ Leo ” can- not be doubted since the 19 stars which are depicted on and near the body of the lion agree very nearly with the positions of the 19 stars assigned to this constella- tion in the so-called Catasterisms of Eratosthenes.? The three planets above the back of the lion, however, are the very same planets which are associated with the three tutelary gods Zeus, Apollo, and Heracles who are represented by statues and repeatedly glorified in the inscriptions. Thus one may doubt whether we have 1 Latest edition of the inscriptions: Jalabert-Mouterde JGL SYR I, 36 (p. 41; cf. also p. 18 and 825). Earlier edition: Dittenberger, OGI No. 383 (vol. 1 p. 591 ff.). For the general arrangement of the monument cf. Humann-Puchstein, RAN p. 328 and Goell [1]. Cf. also Cumont [10] p. 14-16. The recent excavations of the whole monument, conducted since 1953 by F. K. Doerner and T. Goell (cf. eg., Illustrated London News, July 2, 1955 p. 23-25) do not seem to have pro- duced new material concerning the horoscope. 2 Cf. Humann-Puchstein, RKN p. 329 note 1 and Pseudo- Eratosthenis catasterismi, ed. Olivieri, p. 15. In the often re- peated reproduction of this monument (Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 439 fig. 41) one star in the loop of the tail is omitted. It is barely visible on the photograph published in Humann-Puchstein RKN Tafel 40 or in F. Sarre, Die Kunst des alten Persien, Berlin 1923, pl. 55. This star is clearly shown on photographs taken in 1947 which we owe to the kindness of Miss Theresa Goell. The best published photograph is found in an otherwise valueless book: Philipp Metman, Mythos und Schicksal, Leipzig 1936, facing p. 128. The deterioration of the monument has made great progress since it was uncovered in 1883. 14 here the representation of a real conjunction of three planets in Leo for horoscopic purposes or merely the planets of the patron gods represented beside Leo as symbol of royalty. The latter interpretation would, of course, destroy the interpretation of this monument as a horoscope and remove all possibilities of an astro- nomical dating. The strongest evidence in favor of a horoscope is the picture of the crescent on the chest of the lion because the combination of crescent and con- stellation Leo seems to have no independent significance. Thus it becomes more plausible that the three planets also be taken as representing an actual conjunction in Leo. Humann and Puchstein did not question the horo- scopic character of the monument. Their astronomical adviser, who attempted to determine its date, took the arrangement of the planets in the inscription more literally than seems historically permissible, by as- suming that only a date is acceptable at which the arrangement of the planets followed exactly the order Jupiter-Mercury-Mars as indicated by the stars above the body of the lion. Following this principle the only date possible within the first century B.c. seemed to be —97 July 17° with the three planets in very close con- junction at the beginning of the constellation Leo and in the arrangement indicated, and also in conjunction with the sun, the moon, however, being beyond Leo in the middle of Virgo. Thus, this date does not account for the most significant feature of the horoscope, the crescent being in Leo. Furthermore, it leaves unex- plained the absence in the monument of the sun, a fact which would be the more surprising as the sun would have stressed still more the “ royal” character of the horoscope. Hence one must re-investigate the date under the condition of the moon being in Leo, but not the sun. The arrangement of the planets, however, plays a much more subordinate role. First of all, their position was in all probability computed and not observed: this is evident in the case of —97 July 17 when none of the planets was more than 3° distant from the sun and thus none was visible. Secondly, in the enumeration of the planets in the contemporary Mesopotamian as- tronomy the strictly followed arrangement is Jupiter- Venus-Mercury-Saturn-Mars which agrees with the arrangement on the monument when Venus and Saturn are left out because they were not in Leo. Finally the arrangement of the three names in the narrow space ° This date is often quoted erroneously as 97 B.c. * What Puchstein says on p. 334 about the impressiveness of the consecutive appearance on the eastern horizon of Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, sun, and thereafter (!) Regulus, is astronomi- cally absurd. * ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. —6l i above the body of the lion may have been purely accidental. A much more serious problem is the question whether the supposed conjunction of the three planets in Leo was computed for the constellation Leo as a whole or the zodiacal sign Leo of 30° length. In the first case (1) the longitudes of the planets should fall between about %5 15 and $v 25 of longitude, counted from the vernal point. For the zodiacal sign, on the other hand, four norms must be considered possible in the first century B.c.: (II) the scheme of Eudoxus according to which the sign of Leo would reach from 9% 15 to & 15; (111) the Mesopotamian System A with % 20 and $v 20 as limits and the System B with 9%5 22 and &U 22; (IV) the norm of Hipparchus where Leo reaches from §u 0° to 6 30°. Each one of these combinations must be investigated separately, even if the first one seems to be rather implausible in the light of what we know about the methods of ancient astronomy. Finally, there comes the question of the calendar. We know that the time of year must be about July because with Mercury in Leo the sun must be in or close to Leo, On the other hand we know that Antiochus was born on Aydnaios 16 and that his coronation fell on Loos 10.° As Puchstein remarked, the horoscope could not have been cast for the day of birth because the Aydnaios in the Roman calendar of the Province Asia corresponds roughly to the month of December.* Thus Puchstein took refuge in the “ conjecture bien aventurée,” to use Bouché-Leclercq’s expression,’ that Antiochus was a seven-month child whose conception was the basis of the horoscope for —97 July 17, the date of birth falling in the “beginning” (February) of the year —96. Obviously this “enchainement de postulats est bien fragile”? and one must take the date of Loos 10th, the date of coronation, as the date of the horoscope because Loos corresponds roughly to the month of July as required by the horoscope. Thus, we can only hope to determine the date of coronation of Antiochus, not the date of his birth. We shall, nevertheless, extend our investigation over the whole interval which can possibly contain the life of Antiochus, that is from —119 to —35. The first step consists in determining all the dates ° Cf. Jalabert-Mouterde, JGL SYR I. 1 lines 83 to 85 and 102, 103. Jalabert-Mouterde (p. 18 note) speak erroneously about the 17th as the date of birth. The text says: “T have sanctified the birthday of my flesh, the 16th of Aydnaios, and the day of my coronation, Loos 10th, to the manifestations of the great gods who were for me the guides of a fortunate reign and for the whole realm the source of common benefits” ... “And for the rest of time, each single month I proclaimed that the days aforesaid—for my birth the 16th, and for my coronation the 10th—be forever honored by sacrifices.” The monthly celebration of the coronation is also mentioned in an inscription found in Selik near Samosata (Jalabert, /.c., 51 line 5; cf. also Puchstein p. 369). * Cf., e.g., Ginzel, Chronol. III, p. 19. TAG p. 373 note 2. within this interval for which moon, Mercury, Mars, and Jupiter were between 25 15 and Su 30. A systematic investigation leads to five solutions the dates of which allow a small margin corresponding to the time interval for which the moon remains within the permitted limits. These cases are: ¢ e} 3 yt G@ye=ACS yaly 15) ll 14 16 -m 6 (eo laly 1ompues @ 5 16 9-25.17 e515 Cee ia toy ee Gre ol Ge) 0) ees 25 CIWi oe tie 6 1G) oa 26) 90 (Cyto aul senei7, 16) 23 27 1) 24 The next step introduces the different possibilities for the interpretation of “ Leo’’: (1) the constellation from % 15 to 6. 25; (II) the norm of Eudoxus for the sign Leo from % 15 to 6L 15; (III) the Babylonian norms from %5 20 or 22 to $v. 20 or 22; (IV) the norm of Hipparchus which coincides with our norm $U 0 to &v 30. At the same time one can make use of the omission of the sun, which is certainly astrologically significant, and the omission of Venus and Saturn. Combining this with the four cases (1) to (IV) we therefore require that € & 6 2 be inside a given interval of one of these four types whereas © 2 » remain outside. With this requirement, (I) and (IV) yield no solu- tion at all, and for (II) and (III) we have only the following possibilities : (II) Leo from 25 15 to 6 15 (Eudoxus) : (co) 6! July 7: € % é 2 © 2 b Ge VS Ao BSA] sil wee Se: (IIL) Leo from 25 20/22 to SU 20/22 (Mesopotamia) : (c) —6l1 July 7: € s) $ 2¢ © g R & 6 28 XY B25 —G11 w24 ¥ 14 (e) —48 July 11: € 8 3 2 © ° & 323 S14 326 8 24 — 316 % 21 As the above table shows, —48 July 11 is only admissi- ble when we are not too strict for the positions of Jupiter and Venus. We know furthermore that An- tiochus died as an old man between —37 and —30.° Hence —48 is historically excluded both as date of birth and as date of coronation. Consequently —61 July 7 remains the only °® possi- bility. Astronomically it is the only date which satisfies all conditions excellently, showing furthermore that the positions must have been computed either with the Greece RE lecol, 2489: * Strictly speaking July 6 and 7 are equivalent dates. 16 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. —9 Eudoxean or with the Mesopotamian norms for the sign “ Leo,’ as seems historically plausible. It is also evident that —61 is excluded as date of birth of An- tiochus; hence it must concern his coronation, again in very satisfactory agreement of the position of the month of Loos and July.*° Unfortunately, —61 seems to be excluded as date of coronation because of the often quoted fact that Antiochus appeared as “king” before Lucullus in —68.1! The solution of this difficulty can be found, however, in the relation of Antiochus to the Roman Empire. Calling himself repeatedly “ Friend of the Romans ” he must count his rule over Commagene as granted by the Romans during the final settlement of the organization of the Near East under Pompey, which happened indeed in the same year which was found by astronomical conditions, 62 B.c.** It must be this date to which our horoscope refers." No. —9 BGU 957 This fragmentary horoscope was excavated by Wilcken in Heracleopolis Magna in 1899 and destroyed by fire ona ship in Hamburg. Fortunately, while still in Egypt, Wilcken had made a preliminary transcription which he then published in BGU III p. 281. Since the date of the text is known (Augustus 20 = —10/—9), one can restore some of the lacunae on the basis of astronomical considerations. This leads to the following restoration of the text: erouc K Kaicapos p[ecopy Tt] nt Kd ec Tyv Ke Ka[T apxatovc w|pa y vukto(c) ceAnvn ev [vdp | yxwr kat [Kpovoc ev] | vdpnyor nAtoc | ev AeovTe [ Kav epunc | oR Oh . ev deovte ap[ne ev Rest destroyed. TRANSLATION Year 20 of Caesar (Augustus) M[esore] the 24th to the 25th, according [to the old (calendar) | 3rd hour of the night. The moon in Aquarius and [Saturn in] [ Aquarius. The sun] in Leo [and Mercury] | NO ee! No. —61 *° Even the day numbers are very close. Ginzel, III p. 19 gives Loos 10 = July 4. Cf. also Johnson, DS, p. 6; Kubitscheck [1] p. 48. ™ Cf., RE 1, col. 2488, 20 following Cassius Dio XXXVI, 2. Also RE 13, col. 399, 22 and Suppl. 4, col. 978 ff. ** Cf., e.g., Magie, Roman Rule 1 p. 377. ™ We know of two more coronation horoscopes: No. L 484 (coronation of Leontius) and the Arabic horoscope for 531 August 18, the coronation of Khosro I, published Taqizadeh [1]. No. —9 *Archio 1 (901) p. 2276. 5. in Leo. Malrsan] Rest destroyed. COM MENTARY For the name of the month in line 1 one has only two possibilities: either Mekheir or Mesore. In line 2 one can restore a reference either to the old Egyptian calendar or to the calendar as reformed by Augustus. The 3rd hour of night from the 24th to the 25th corre- sponds then either to —9 February 15 or August 14 (Egyptian calendar) or to —9 February 18 or August 17 (Alexandrian calendar). On February 15 the moon was in 25, on August 14 in as required by line 3. For February 18 and August 17 one obtains $v and * respectively. Thus only Mesore 24/25 of the Egyptian calendar gives the correct lunar position. The phrase “kar dpxaiove,’ without a preceding reference to the Alexandrian calendar is also found in No. 145. Ficure 8. Having now established the Julian date of this horo- scope as —9 August 14, about 9 p.m., we can determine the position of all celestial bodies (cf. fig. 8): Or a 1s 4 js Co hei25 Qo “ee pe a) S Svze Dee aiee H x This table shows that moon and Saturn are both in 4, sun and Mercury both in $v, and this determines the restorations in lines 3 and 4. Though our date leads to a complete agreement with the preserved parts of the text, one must admit that the resulting arrangement in enumerating the planets is most> unusual: instead of © € we begin here with «(+ ®) and ©(+ 8). We then should expect 2 as next to be mentioned but the ap[ in line 5 can hardly be anything but apye = Mars. A glance at fig. 8 shows that the zodiacal order does not explain the adopted sequence CicieyCO Ne rower, 2 * According to the planetary tables P (cf. p. 173) Mars is in I, entering 256 on the 26th of Mesore. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. —3 17 No. —3 P. Oxy. 804 erove xf Kat[c]apoc dawdt € ka[ta] Kacap mept wpt ¥ THC npep nrwoc ev Evyw ceAnvy ev txOucr k [po] voc ev talvpo| flev|c ray Ka| pxwvo | [apn] c ev r[apbeve | [adpod]e[irn ev cKopTto | 10. [epune ev rapbevo | RCO et ee 11. [wpockome: cxopmioc | 12: [weco]up[a]v [ee Aewv | T3 dover % tal. |r. - 14. v0 yyv vdpoxooc 15. eee Kudvvovc 16. vAarrov ewe npep® 17. p» xapw tov apewc 1 «xf: sic, no bar over the number. 13 There are traces of writing between lines 13 and 14. In line 13 ravpoc must occur; perhaps one could read dyver era Taupoc. TRANSLATION Year 27 of Caesar (Augustus) Phaophi 5 according to the Augustan calendar about the 3rd hour of the day. sun in Libra moon in Pisces Saturn in Taurus Jupiter in Cancer Mars in Virgo [ Venus in Scorpio] 10. [Mercury in Virgo] 11. [Scorpio is rising] 12. [Leo is at Midheaven] 13. [Taurus is then] setting. 14. Lower Midheaven Aquarius 15. There are dangers. 16. Take care for 40 days 17. because of Mars. COON AoE ON ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 For Augustus 27 II(a) 5 = —3 October 2? one finds: Text Computed QO = = 7 € xX x 2 Ue te) eh es) ae op 250510 1 The editors write erroneously a.p. 4 instead of 4 B.c. Correct in Preisigke, Berichtig. p. 328. ext Computed S$ mm m 4 [erent] ie 22 [8 mm] = 1 [Hm about 9 a.m. We have here used the Alexandrian calendar. This is necessary, even without the explicit statement of the text (line 2), because the position of the moon agrees closely with the Alexandrian date and excludes the Egyptian date, which would be —3 September 27. Our text can be compared with the Demotic planetary tables P,? which give the dates of the Egyptian calendar for the entry of the planets in the zodiacal signs. For our specific dates we find, changing Egyptian dates into Alexandrian, the following limits for the stay of the planets inside their respective signs Deine itom year 27. 1 10\to year 28 IX 28 2 in %5 26, X1°26 27 XII 24 6 in Mm Zi = 110 Ziel 9 Gein il Te oiled pak ARAN, % in PAE oil Wed AS) 27a, Ls.8 The date of our horoscope, year 27 II 5, is contained within all these intervals. According to the last line in the above list Mercury must be at the end of Virgo whereas modern computation gives the first degree of Libra. In the case of Mars the second date of the Demotic text is certainly incorrect because Mars needs not 29 days but about 45 days to travel through Virgo. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY At the end caution for 40 days is advised. At the moment of the horoscope, Mars, the evil planet, is in the dya6ds daipwv,* he is in trine with the setting sign, in sextile with the Horoscopos, while the Lot of Fortune is in “bad fortune.’ * After 40 days Mars will be out- side this zodiacal sign. Strange as it may seem a reinvestigation of a horo- scopic constellation at a later time is considered useful. Thus we read in the discussion of the horoscope of Hadrian (No. L76) “not only this has to be con- sidered but also the 3rd, the 7th, and the 40th day after birth” © and indeed all positions are recomputed for a date 40 days later.® 2 Cf. below p. 173 or Neugebauer [4] p. 215. ° Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 280 fig. 31. If the sign of the Horoscopos is counted as locus I, then the dyaGes daéuwy is locus XI, thus in our case Virgo. * The elongation of the moon in Pisces from the sun in Libra is 5 signs. Because we are dealing with daylight the Lot of Fortune fell 5 signs behind the Horoscopos, thus in Aries. This is one sign below the setting sign, thus xkaxy tixn (cf. Bouché- Leclercq, AG p. 280 fig. 31). The fact that Mars is in opposition to the moon also is dangerous; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 488, note. (CEAG 6 wh My Masi ° Similarly in Nos. L 40, L 113,1V, L 479. Cf. also Nos. 81 and 345. 18 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 15/22 No. 15/22 P. Oxy. 235 TRANSCRIPTION 1. avayxavov nyncaplevoc .. +++. [Porool aes 2. yeveceic mapa cov Tpypwv ayarere €|cemnes 3. meipacopa: mpoc trove Sobevrac yl mw .....+-- 4. xpovove tuv[x]a|vJover de ovrot Kara [ro . 5. eroc tiBepiov pave pawdr a kat|a de Tove | 6. apxaove xpovovc dawdt wa ac [8] 7. wpa Terapty THC vuKToc Twvxaver [nALOC | 8. ev bvyo Cad apceriko oko ad | podiryc | 9. cedqvn ev Tavpw Codiw OyAvKw ow [appodiryc | 10. Kpovoc eve ev roforn [fw] do apcev|tkw ork | 11. S.0c apne ev Svyw ow adpodiryc [eppye apo | 12. 8irm ev cKoprw fad apcevikw [ouw apewc | 13. wpockome Tavpoc .... ouKoc adpodit | ne pecovpaver | 14. wdpoxow Codiov apcevikoy ouxnty|prov Kpovov | 15. Suver ckopmioc ouxoc apewc vrolynv ev Acovre| 16. o1coc nAvov orxodecrote adppod|[irn | The following diagram (fig. 9) gives an approximate representation of the figure at the end of the text. WulecoyP : ONOC DHLO=OL sy iM Joy, 5) EPMHC % ag =P. z YNOrHN FiGure 9. TRANSLATION Thinking it proper [to your descendants(?), dear Tryphon [...... ] I shall try to [set forth] for the dates [which you have sivensuse. 2. | These happen to bey [the .... | year of Tiberius, Phaophi 1, according to the old calendar Phaophi 11 to [12], at the fourth hour of the night. [The sun] hap- pens to be in Libra, a male sign, house of Venus; the moon in Taurus, a female sign, house [of Venus] ; SS SSE 10 00 10. Saturn (and) Jupiter in Sagittarius, a male sign, [house | 11. of Jupiter; Mars in Libra, house of Venus; [Mer- cury | 12. (and) Venus in Scorpio, a male sign, house [of Mars; ] 13. Taurus is the Horoscopos, house of Venus; [ Mid- heaven | 14. in Aquarius, a male sign, house [of Saturn ;] 15. Scorpio is setting, house of Mars; Lower | Mid- heaven in Leo,] 16. house of the sun. Venus is the house ruler (of the Horoscopos). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 This text is dated by a year of Tiberius in which Phaophi (IT) 1 of the Alexandrian calendar corresponds to Phaophi 11/12 of the Egyptian calendar. We now must investigate two cases (cf. fig. 10 a and b respec- Alex.: kK—— I | —_—+| oo gl fm forse Egypt.: /—— I || ——>k—_ [12 — a. Alex.: }k—— I] ——_+| $n prrn o > p r Eaypt.: ke JT || ———»ke—_ T. 2 —— b. Ficure 10. tively): (a) both Egyptian and Alexandrian calendar use morning epoch. In this case we have simply Alexan- drian II,1 = Egyptian II,11, a relation which holds for the years Tiberius 2 to 5, i.e, for A.D. [5etOui ae case (Db), however, we assume evening epoch for the Alexandrian calendar, morning epoch for the Egyptian calendar, following the norm which is suggested by the double dates in No. 81.2 Then the daytime of Alexan- drian II,1 corresponds to the daytime of Egyptian II,12 which is true for Tiberius 6 to 9, i.e., for A.D. 19 to 22.8 It would be easy to decide between these possibilities if the astronomical data were correct. Saturn and Jupiter are both said to be in # as is indeed the case in A.D. 15 and therefore excluded for a.p. 16 to 22. But Mars in = is only correct for a.p. 18 and 20 but entirely wrong for the year 15. To make the confusion complete, a lunar position in 8 on September 28 or 29 requires * September 29 for a.p. 15, September 28 for the next three years. ’ For a detailed discussion of these possibilities cf. p. 168. * September 29 for a.p. 19, September 28 for the next three years. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 15/22—No. 46 19 the year 17. Venus is in M in the years 16 and 18 and only the sun is always at the beginning of Libra at the end of September. This excludes a position of Mercury in TM since it would require the maximum possible elongation of this planet; it only reaches + 23 in the year 19. Obviously none of the basic astronomical data can inspire any confidence.* The astrological data are correct except for denoting Scorpio a male” sign, since it is “female,” at least according to the Tetrabiblos and to Vettius Valens. Perhaps we are dealing here with a different system according to which six consecutive signs are male and female respectively; cf., for such possibilities Bouche- Leclercq, AG p. 154 ff. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES After the original publication in P. Oxy. II (1899) this text was discussed by Smyly [2] (1901), Nicklin hin 1902), Laudien, GPO p. 291. and p. 507. (1912), Macnaughton, SEC p. 330-332, and David-Van Gronin- gen, PL p. 130f. (1940).° The last quoted work and Laudien give the Greek text. Nicklin [1] p. 119 says “the horoscope is entirely correct’ for the year 14, but this must be a mistake. Macnaughton, SEC p. 330, prefers the year 16. His remark that the symbols 1 and ™ can be easily con- fused makes no sense because the use of these symbols is not attested before the Middle Ages. Smyly [2] p. 86 investigated only the calendaric conditions. No. 32 PSI 1276 verso TRANSCRIPTION erouc 18 tuBep[vov mavve & w[pa O npepac | ndvoc a[ ppodiry eppne | [ely 8:80 | jrorc | ceAnvyn [Zeve ev Tavpw | kKpovoc e[v Kapk | wo apne [ev ty6vc| wpockoro|c ely tv[ yo] ON AW RWN TRANSLATION Year 12 of Tiber[ius Payni 1 [9th hour of the day] Sun, V[enus (and) Mercury] in Gemi[ni] Moon [(and) Jupiter in Taurus] Saturn i[n Can]cer Mars [in Pisces] Horoscopos in Li[bra] PE SV ON Sn eS OSS “Since H = 6 and © = beginning of the time is correctly about the 4th hour of the night and M = =. ° English edition: PP p. 142f. (1946). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 9 This horoscope was first published by Bartoletti in Aegyptus 19 (1939) p. 177. The recto contains a para- phrase of Homeric verses. For the date given in the text, Tiberius 18, Payni 1 = A.D. 32 May 26, one finds full agreement between text and computation: Text Computed © 2 hea } a x O [3] ne maes CC Ceo aiouee 4 IR b oS Ge 8 DES: x 5 H Daas about 3 P.M. The restorations are quite certain since they are con- firmed by the arrangement of the planets. No. 46 P. Oxy. 307 (unpublished ) Photo: pl. 30 1. [e]vpeckopey tov yAuov tov Kocpo[kpa]ro[pa] 2. [ev] atyoyepwr poipov va ZL oprorc Si0c 3. ryv ceAnvnt pytnp Tov Tavtoc 4. [evpiccope|y ev Kpiwt poipov va 5. [opuoce | adpodiurnt 6. [gar] voy 0 Tov Kpovov ev rogorn [| 7. [poipw|y A evyictwr oproce apewc 8 [pac] Pov o Tov d10c ev KapKioL 9. [pow] pov 8 ev avarodicpor 10. opio[c] xp[ov]ov ruparc 11. 0 rov apewe ev vypy[x] or poup[o | 6 ZL 12. opvore d10c ev Wien o1Kwr 13. qdwcdwpoc o tne adpodirn. 14. ey atyoyepor poipov 15. opuore appoditn. cTiA 16. [e]rABou o rov Eppov 17. ev ro€orm poipw X 18. opiore apewe opocKom rap [4] ever 19. pelcolupav didvp.[ouc | du [e] tx4veu vroynv tof[ornt| 11 pop[w] 16: one could also read powp[w]y 5 but the terms of Jupiter (line 12) exclude this interpretation. For joupw instead of porpwy cf. line 17. 15 criA: probably left incomplete and then resumed in the next line. 18 apewc: e corrected from w. 20 TRANSLATION 1. We find the sun, the ruler of the world, 2. in Capricorn 114 degrees, terms of Jupiter. 3. The moon, the mother of all, 4. we find in Aries 11 degrees, 5. terms of Venus. 6. Phainon, the (star) of Saturn, in Sagittarius 7. 30 degrees approximately, terms of Mars. 8. Phaethon, the (star) of Jupiter, in Cancer, 9. 19 degrees, in retrogradation, 10. terms of Saturn. Pyroeis, 11. the (star) of Mars, in Aquarius, 143 degrees, 12. terms of Jupiter, in the house of the same. 13. Phosphoros, the (star) of Venus, 14. in Capricorn, 19 degrees. 15. terms of Venus. Stil(bon) 16. Stilbon, the (star) of Mercury, 17. in Sagittarius 30 degrees, 18. terms of Mars. The Horoscopos in Virgo, 19. Midheaven in Gemini, setting (point) in Pisces, 20. Lower Midheaven in Sagittarius. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 Within more than one century in each direction the only possible date is a.D. 46 January 3. For this date one obtains the following results: Text Computed Text—comp. © ys 114 Vay WW 0) C Spo Lik spe te} + 3 x 30 m 22 +8 2 o5 19 ce 23 —4 3} aa 144 *(!) 18 [—4] Q vs 19 vs 14 + 5 8 Gh SO ys 6 —6 H ™m about 10 p.m. Jupiter being close to opposition is retrograde as stated in the text. The only serious discrepancy is found in the case of Mars where the text gives the wrong zodiacal sign for the position; in the reference to the “ house of Jupiter,’ however, the correct sign %, is used. The rulers of the terms as given in the text require longi- tudes which are given in the following list: thus V8 7 to 14 ° Oto Ww *# 26 to 30 oS 19 to 26 ae is) xo) ZO Vo 14.10 22 x 26 to 30 © terms of 2£ wie a PTA Os 0 ww Os 40 It is seen that they all agree with the longitudes found in the text although in the case of Jupiter the lower ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 46—Nos. 50,1, 50,2, and 50,3 boundary is taken as determining the ruler, while in the case of Saturn and Mercury the upper boundary was chosen. Another case of the use of the lower boundary is found in No. 138/161 (P. Princ. 75) lines 2 and 3; for the upper boundaries cf. No. 137 a and b (p. 41) and No. L 482 (p. 146 notes 3 and 6).? The text was found in Behnesa (= Oxyrhynchos) by Grenfell and Hunt (1897).? Nos. 50,1, 50,2, and 50,3 P. Abd. 126 This little fragment seems to belong to a text which had collected several horoscopes. On the recto we sug- gest separating into two columns what the editor took as one text. On the left hand we see, following a dividing line, Now 5031: LP el ene PR re Ba oh dcl| 4. . Japye remaining lines destroyed. Traces of writing in the space between line 1 and 4 were interpreted as yAtos by the editor, continued by at[yoxepo which we read ap[yc belonging to another column. Toward the right the beginning of five lines occupies about the same space as four lines in the first column. We read No. 50,2: Beginning destroyed Kpo| voc feve | ap [qe adp[oderrn eppyc | x Ov | cw ae ES remainder destroyed. Assuming the correctness of our restoration in line 4, one can conclude that also the sun must be near ¥, thus the time late winter or early spring. The verso, in a different hand, gives No. 50,3: 1. .]..vdp[oxow 2. .]..adpod[iry beginning and end being destroyed. * Cf. also No. 138/161, note to line 9. * Cairo, Cat. gén. X p. 3 No. 10012. ZT. 36. o7: 41. 43. 45, eee MCR: ORG el oe tA Mn Gla No. 81 P. Lond. 130 TRANSCRIPTION [Tov avyurtiwy ov To maXa.ov av[dplec ye vopevow | y|vncwe TE MEPL TA OVpaVL a piAorovycay TEC Kal ETLyYVOV TEC THY Twv EeTTa Oewy Kewncw ta oda c[v]vexou cay TE Kal OLOLKOU cav ab[@]ovec 9 prety Ova Kavo VoOV aloviny ameXeirov THV Tepl aVTOV yVO cw ofey exa ctov Wndicac a KpiBwe TeTaxa COL TpOC TE [4.0L pav Kau Aerrtoy cxnua tle] Kar ha Clvy Kal TA TpPOC emickewy amrAwe TELVOVTa Wa [LN eTrl\A€yOpEvoc € kactov evxpovitw* Ovtwe yap o ev actpo Aoyla mpopyTiKoc TpoToc avapu Ponoerrourcearm opoAoyoc KaTop Govrat eppwco por piAtate Ep pov Xpovoc bale de Erove tpitov Jeov TiTOV Pappov fu 7 emipwckov CH EKTHL ETL TpiTnC THC VU KTOC Wpac : WC Se pwpator ayouce KaAavdace ampt Aevac : KaT apxat ove be Taxwv veo ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 81 Zu III 47. pnvia ec THv dev 48. Tepayv: ofey o 49, ev peyictotaroc 50. nAtoc Kal Twv oAwV Bil duvactyc* amo €a 52; pwyc icnmepiac pe 58 pOpmevoc Kplov jot 54. pao emetxev Sexa 5b: TeCCapac* Kat mpoc 56) ett Aerta €€* Tov 57. TECTW [Epoc Seka, 58. Tov poipye : Cwde 59. wu G@pewc . OpLoie Ep 60. Pov. CTOLXELWL eu 61. OC: APpEViKwL KAL 62. mpoc Poppa Cadi Oey, wu vyoupevoc : € 64. a[e] tye Aayovoc Tov 65. Kptov ceAayilwv : 66. dexavor devte 67. pot Kkadoupevar 68. CevTaXyop : OV TO 8a 69. dexaTnpopiov 70. Sinvyalev cKop TN TLOV EPL TOV TpPw 72: tov cpovevdor : 73. H 8e bea kar cedkacho 74, poc ceAnvn ar a 75; vaToAnc pEepope 76. vn ogvywvioc Tav td pov molpac EeTpE 78. xe dexatpec* Kae 79. €Tl pepoc yxtALocT? 80. potpne : Cwodwwe $l. Adpodiryc : vw 82. pate Love : opt 83. oc eppov: OnAv 84. KWL Kal CTEPEwt 85. Codie? Xpvewe 86. OM@OLa : ETL THC 87. paxewc avaBiBa 88. fovca TOV TAVpPOV : 89. dexavwr devte 90. pw. KaAoupevo 91. apw: nc To dwde 92. KaTnMopLov CKOp 93. Tov TaALV TEpL 94, TOV QUTOV TOTFOV 95. e£eX aprey : 96. Pawov 8 0 Tov Kpo 97. vou actyp txOv 22 107. 108. 111. B12. 113. 116. tes 118. 119. 120. 121, ZZ; iZ3; 124. 12S: VI 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 13h 132: UE}: 134. 135. 136. 137; 138. RAS 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. wv potpac erAnpov «£* Aeurovcac pepoc eEnKOCTOV [oLpTC : . LZwdwor doc : oprorc Kar vpopate adpoot TNC: Ewocr avaToAt KOC: emu Tov xeAEL Soviatov wyOvoc Ka TaBiBalov + emt TPLTOC OYKWL 0 Bacbwy § o rov doc actynp voc avatpe XOV ETELXE KAPKL vou poipac €&* Kat ev Aewta Tpita de k[a] a 89 pepoc por pyc ect dicpupo yiAeEakoc.ocroy : Zwdut ceAnvyc : o plolc Kal TameL VOMATL APEWC : To SevTepov cTn pilwv: Tov Ev TL voltor Aapmrpov actepoc Bopeote poc daxtvro |e] c duce: nporAtoc TE oy KWL KQL TPOCTACCwV mupoe[t|c 8 0 Tov ape wc actnp vdpoxoou potpac aveBiBa fev de[xa] «€* etko cTov: fw [8] cov Kpo vou. TplLywvov Ep [ov > optoy doc: a cTepa Tov ev TH XAG pd. Kadovpevov yavupndsny op VUPMC THL OAWL EL dwrwL: ewoc ayav: Pwchopoc 8 o Tyce a ppoditnc actyp txPvwy poipac € aAnpov Seka €&* kat AeTTa Teccapa”* a On mevTeKatoe KaTov pLo“pnc [ME poc ect: Cwdu wt dioc : vywpare Swe: Ewa avato Auk: et TOV vO ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 81 149. 150. 151 152. i353: 154. VII LSo: 156. 157, 158. 159) 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. L7Ax Aes: 173; 174. lJ: 176, L7 7. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. TELOV txyOvec : (0) prota KpvcTaAdAwt Optote Epwov: Tov €V TOLC amoTeTa pevorc Awvotc Aapmpov acTepoc amexouca ceAnvia|k | a peyeOn dvo: cTiABwv 8 0 Tov Ep f-) pov acTnp KpLov € TETPEXE [LOLPAC CTE peac deka: TEPLyel oc: mpo exta dacw TETOLNLEVOC : OL orkodecroTy CEL To S.abepa.* 8 ova€ Twv odwv wpo CKOTOC CKOpmLoU ATETELVE [LOLPAc deka oKTw: Oplov eppov: Cwodiov ape (0) MC: Tplywvov CE Anvnc : dexavoy fovpovd : de Tpoc opbac TwWL be pecnBpwoc eov TOC THY paxw EKpov ev: O KXnpoc 8e rnc TUXNC evc d10c Kar Cwd.ov Kal Tplywvov ava madw ecTa: OV TLVEC Cvywr dSwpycovra a yvola: ouwe adpo Surne madw a KAn poc: duevTvyeu" VIII space of 8 lines left blank 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. Me Tiroc Ilirn voc ednge teal OAS TPOKEL Tal rest of column not inscribed Detached fragment: IX 192: 193. , , a pp. B’ nf dc] ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 8l 23 194. a’ Kp|ovoc | 195. B’ adpo® 196. wa Kat THC 197. Tasewc 198. pn Sacha 199; [A]ne tev &7 200. evn picOn 201. ev EppLov 202. mode evOa 203. Aoyov e[x]e 204. o opifo[v] ZU e: tov ext[a| 206. Tpoc Trev 207; TE 208. o cropiyp|oc | 209. xpovoc 210. nuepo [v | 2i1. Eno Le rest of column blank X, in bold letters beside lines 202 and 205: Eka. PAIRS, ayabnu TUX 33-36 margin: cf. note on lines 182-184. 45-46 kar apyaovec: supply xpovouc; cf., e.g., No. 15/22 (= P. @xy. 255) line 6. 74-76 amr avatodnce depouevn: “ waxing” not “ rising.” 76 ofvywrioc: “crescent,” literally “ acute-angled.” 112-113 Aerra rpira Sex[a]: not “three or thirteen minutes ” (Bouché-Leclercq, 4G p. 291 n. 1), but “ten parts of the third order.” 159-160 woupac crepeac: “full degrees”; similar: crepea in P. Mich. 149 III,20. 161 mpo extra: “before the seventh,” cardinal instead of ordi- nal numeral, as commonly in papyri and N. T. Greek. 172 Oovyovd: the reading of the final 6 seems certain (com- munication of Dr. T. C. Skeat). 182-184: At the end of Col. VII one finds on the margin the same elaborate coronis which marks the end of the introduction in Col. II beside lines 33 to 36. 188,189 enpica: we owe this reading to Dr. T. C. Skeat. 199 67: Dr. Skeat drew our attention to the fact that 6 is characterized as an abbreviation by a raised sign or letter (a or c?) above the «. 202 evéa: reading of Dr. Skeat. TRANSLATION (Call. i The Egyptian men of old who had faithfully studied the heavenly bodies and had learned the motions of the seven gods, compiled and arranged everything in per- petual tables and generously left to us their knowledge of these things. From these I have accurately calculated and arranged for Col. II each one (of the seven gods) according to degree and minute, aspect and phase, and, simply, not to waste time in enumerating each item, whatever concerns its investi- gation. For thus the way of astrological prediction is made straight, unambiguous, that is, consistent. Fare- well, dearest Hermon. Time of the (equinoctial) tropic of the third year of the Divine Titus, the sixth day of Pharmouthi, the third hour of the night; as the Romans reckon, the Kalends of April; according to the old (calendar), Pachon Colet i the first to the second. Accordingly, the sun, the mightiest and ruler of all, moving from the spring equinox had attained in Aries fourteen degrees and six minutes, that is, the tenth part of a degree; in the sign of Mars; in the terms of Mer- cury; in the stoicheion of Jupiter; in exaltation in a male and northerly sign; shining upon the Flank of Aries; in the second decan, called Sentachor; the dodekatemorion was shining upon the First Joint (of the tail) of Scorpio. Col. IV And the divine and light-bringing moon, waxing in crescent had advanced in Taurus thirteen degrees, and a thousandth part of a degree; in the sign of Venus; in its own exaltation; in the terms of Mercury; in a female and solid sign; like gold; mounting the Back of Taurus; in the second decan called Aroth; its dodekate- morion again was shining on about the same place in Scorpio. (Coil, W And Phainon, star of Saturn, had completed six degrees in Pisces, lacking a sixtieth of a degree; in the sign of Jupiter; in the terms and the exaltation of Venus; at its morning rising; descending from the Swallow-Fish; of magnitude four thirds. Phaeton, the star of Jupiter, traversing its exaltation, in Cancer, had attained six degrees and ten sixtieths of the third order, which are one twenty-one-thousand-six- hundredth part of a degree; in the sign of the moon; in the terms and depression of Mars; at its second station; two fingers north of the Bright Star at the Back; of the magnitude three halves and commanding. Col. VI And Pyroeis, the star of Mars, has mounted in Aquarius sixteen degrees and a twentieth; (and has mounted) the sign of Saturn; the triangle of Mercury ; the term of Jupiter; the Star in the Cloak, called Gany- mede, homonymous with the whole constellation, far to the east. 24 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 8l And Phosphoros, the star of Venus, had completed in Pisces sixteen degrees and four minutes, which is the fifteenth part of a degree; in the sign of Jupiter; in its own exaltation; rising at dawn; at the Southern Fish; like crystal; in the terms of Mercury; (Cok, WAI distant two lunar diameters from the Star in the Con- necting Cords. And Stilbon, the star of Mercury, had mounted in Aries ten full degrees; in perigee ; having completed its phase before the seventh (day of the month) ; where- fore it will dominate the theme (of the nativity). And the rudder of them all, the Horoscopos, has cut off eighteen degrees in Scorpio; the terms of Mercury ; the sign of Mars; the triangle of the moon; the decan Thoumouth. And the meridian at right angles to this had struck the Back of the Lion. And the Lot of Fortune, (counting) inversely, will be in the sign of Jupiter and in its triangle; this (Lot) some will ignorantly assign to Libra; thus the Lot would be back (in the house) of Venus. Good luck! Col, Wil Titus Pitenius computed it as is set forth. Fragment, Col. IX 1. Mercury J, SGA il, Seiephen 2. Venus in order that you may not make a mistake in the afrangement of the . 7. Computed in Hermopolis, where the horizon has the ratio seven to five. The time of pregnancy: 276 days. Col X With good fortune. ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 Gol, I “ Perpetual tables.” The existence of tables with this name is known from Ptolemy’s introduction to his plane- tary theory (Almagest IX,2). In criticizing earlier attempts to develop a consistent theory of planetary motion by means of the so-called “ perpetual tables ”’ (8a rs KaAovpevns aiwviov Kavovoroitas *) Ptolemy tells us 1 Opera II p. 211,5 ed. Heiberg. that these tables were built on the assumption of eccen- tric or epicyclic models, though of so primitive a struc- ture that the resultant retrogradations were of constant amount. The fact that our text mentions the perigee of Mercury is at least in principle in agreement with Ptolemy’s description. From our present text it seems furthermore to follow that these tables were computed to at least three sexa- gesimal places. This is not surprising in itself because the fundamental period relations can only be guaranteed if the mean motions are computed accurately enough. Three places are given, e.g., for the moon in P. Lund. 35a and four places in P. Ryl. 27 It is no contra- diction that often no fractions at all appear in the final results where a higher accuracy is of no practical value. The statement of our text (Col. II) that the horoscope was computed “ according to degree and minute ”’ is not to be taken literally, as the higher accuracy with the moon and with Jupiter shows. The remaining longi- tudes, however, do not go beyond minutes. “Time of the (equinoctial) tropic.” The longitude of the sun being Y 14;6 (cf. also Col. III) shows that the expression “tropic” here is meant in the general sense in which zpomy is used not only for the solstices but also for the equinoxes; cf., e.g., CCAG 7, palo mee “Third year of the Divine Titus.” Our present horo- scope was cast for a.p. 81 March 31 but was written after the death of Titus (September 81) as the appella- tive “divine” shows. Though Titus ruled only little over two years he is represented with three years in the so-called “ Ptolemaic Canon.” * The planetary tables P. Tebt. II, 274 quote not only the regnal years of Trajan but also the years of Titus from 29 to 37, continued until Titus 42 by P. Lund 35b.4 An era Titus is otherwise unknown. Coll ii “The sixth day, the third hour of night.” This trans- lation of TN ETLPWCKOVCH EKTHL ETL TPLTNC THC VUKTOC pac is astronomically necessary. We know that the sun is in the middle of Aries while the middle of Taurus is setting. Consequently, only about two hours can have elapsed since sunset and certainly not about nine hours as would be the case if emdwckoven meant the time between midnight and sunrise. The same result has been reached from the discussion of passages in the N. T.® * Knudtzon-Neugebauer [1] and Neugebauer [8]. * Cf. e.g. Kubitschek, Zeitr. p. 60. For occurrences of a year “Titus 3” in non-astronomical context cf. Hohmann [1]. *Neugebauer [4] and Knudtzon-Neugebauer [1] p. 86 to 88. ° Cf. Smyly [2] p. 83 note 1 or Burkitt [1]. Sethe, Zeitr. p. 133 note 7 assumed a meaning “ the night leading to the 6th” in order to rescue the identity of epoch for Egyptian and Alexandrian calendar. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 81 vhs Figure 11 illustrates the relative position of the three different calendar dates which can be reconciled only on the assumption of an evening epoch for the Alexan- drian and for the Roman date. For the discussion of this problem within a wider frame cf. below p. 167 ff. Alex.: VI 6 Roman: April | Egypt.: A.D. 81 March 31 Ficure 11. Col, iit “Moving from the spring equinox.” The sun being in Aries 14 would mean 6° beyond the spring equinox if the vernal equinox is assumed to be in Aries 8 as is often the norm in astrological literature and in the Babylonian “System B” of the solar-lunar theory. Modern computation gives about Aries 9 for the position of the sun. Cf. below p. 27 the comparison between text and modern computation. ” “Second decan, cevtaxop.” Aries 14 belongs to the second decan whose name is given by Hephaistion as xovraxpe, by Firmicus as Senacher. The Egyptian form is hntw hry “the lower hntw (jugs).” Cf. also p. 6. Swesi Joint (oj the tail) of Scorpio”: Cf. note under Col. IV “ Dodekatemorion in Scorpio.” Cols iV “ Mounting the Back of Taurus” avaBiBafovca was taken by Bouché-Leclereq (AG p. 122 note 1) in a technical sense. Referring to the present passage and to a similar passage in Col. V “ Descending from the Swallow-Fish”’ he says “ces mots ‘monter’ et ‘ descendre’ signifient étre au N. ou au S. de l’équateur.” Such a usage is not only unknown elsewhere but explicitly contradicted here by the computation which shows that both moon and Saturn had southern latitude, the moon 4;40°, Saturn 1;49°. These values furthermore demonstrate that both moon and Saturn were far from their nodes, thus ex- cluding definitely the ordinary interpretation of the two words in question as referring to the ascending or de- scending nodes. ” “ Dodekatemorion in Scorpio.” The dodekatemorion of the place of the sun, 14, is = 2, the dodekatemorion of the place of the moon, % 13,-is = 19. Though the Scorpion extended originally over Libra and Scorpio, Libra being called the “ Claws,” we know from Ptolemy’s catalogue of stars that the star in the First Joint of the Tail of Scorpio had a longitude of m 18;30 (Heiberg Tp 110/11 Al), Thus one has-to assume! a “gross 5 ——| $$$ en amet — kK— Ki—e & 1/2 +— x 2 ___—__>| error in the computation of the dodekatemorion. The result would be correct if the longitude of the sun had been about Y 18. “Waxing.” This is correct because the conjunction fell in the early hours of March 29. d “A thousandth part of a degree.” We have no tables which give decimal fractions of degrees. Probably the corresponding sexagesimal number was erroneously omitted ; cf. the cases of sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus. For Mars, however, we find only “ one twentieth.” “ Second decan, apw6.” Correct for 8 13; Egyptian: ‘ryt. (Col, W “Lacking a sixtieth of a degree.’ Very unusual termi- nology for 59 minutes. “ Descending.” Cf. Col. IV sub “ Mounting.” “ Morning rising.” Saturn, being about 38° ahead of the sun, rises indeed in the morning before the sun. “ Swallow Fish.” Boll, Sphaera, p. 389 considers this constellation as belonging to the “ sphaera barbarica ” ; cf. also below p. 27. “ Magnitude 4/3.” The translation of dyxos “ weight” by “magnitude” is a mere guess. Nowhere else in ancient astronomy is this terminology attested nor do we have any proof for ascribing variable numerical values to the magnitude of planets. Computation, how- ever, shows that Saturn had at the given moment the magnitude 1.3 in excellent agreement with the text. On the other hand, we find for Jupiter a magnitude of —1.8 whereas the text says “weight 3/2” ie., +1.5. Of course there is no trace in Greek astronomy of negative stellar magnitudes. Both Sirius and Canopus are listed in the Almagest and in Arabic astronomy as stars of first magnitude.® «“ y9 1 10 21600th part of a degree.” Indeed 1600 ~ BOF’ “Second station.” For the appearances this remark is correct because Jupiter is still very close to its second stationary point which occurred about February 22. The stationary points are always given in Babylonian ephemerides of the outer planets. “Two fingers,’ probably corresponding to 0;5° each. This is the norm both in Babylonian and in Greek astronomy (cf. Kugler, SSB II p. 547 ff. and Manitius Tips oO \s “ Magnitude 3/2.” Cf. above. “ Rising at dawn.’ Venus is morning star; elongation 25. ®° Cf. Peters-Knobel, PCS p. 139, 140. 26 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 81 Colma 1° “Two lunar diameters,” probably corresponding to 4% each. This is the norm used in the Almagest (cf. Manitius II, p. 396). The earliest observation which uses lunar diameters and which is quoted in Almagest IX,10 (Heiberg II p. 288) is from the year —264 (Era Dionysius 21). The latest observation was made by Ptolemy himself +140 (Almagest X,1 Heiberg II D277) “Perigee.” Aries 10 is exactly the perigee of the eccenter of Mercury according to Almagest IX,7 (Hei- berg II p. 264). “Completed its phase before the /th.” Mercury is practically in upper conjunction with the sun, thus com- pleting its phase as morning star. Obviously the text assumes that the upper conjunction will be reached before the 7th, i.e., in less than 24 hours. Because the elongation at the beginning of the 6th is 4°, from 7 10° to 7 14°, a daily motion of about 5° seems to be assumed. Actually Mercury travels at most about 2° per day, as was, of course, known to the ancients; con- sequently, it would take the planet more than two days to reach the sun. Hence the statement of the text would only be correct if the longitude of Mercury were about ~” 12 or 13. This would also bring Mercury in line with the outer planets in their comparison with modern computations (cf. the summary below). “ Decan Oovpovd.”’ The corresponding decan (2nd in ™) in the Egyptian lists is tms (n hntt). “ Meridian at right angles” is only qualitatively correct as &L 23;40° culminates when m 18° rises. Cf. Bouche- Leclercq, AG p. 259 note 2. Fragm. Col. IX “1, Mercury.” The purpose of the enumeration of four planets is not clear. Perhaps it refers to Mercury and sun both being in ” (10 and 14;6 respectively) and Saturn and Venus both in % (5;59 and 16;4 respec- tively). The subsequent sentence “in order that you may not make a mistake in the arrangement of the pairs(?)” perhaps gave the explanation. Unfortunately, the last word is written by an abbreviation beginning with &, which might be durAdov. “The horizon has the ratio of 7 to 5.” This is the standard ratio of longest to shortest day for Lower Egypt (cpp. oi tabler3): The planetary positions were computed with P. V. Neugebauer’s TACh and ACh. For the Horoscopos and Midheaven more accurate computation would be with- out interest in view of the approximate data of the text. Hence these positions were computed (for the moment when 3 seasonal hours of night were completed ) according to the rules given by Ptolemy, Almagest I1,9 (Heiberg p. 143f.), and by Theon in his introduction to the Handy Tables (Halma p. 40 ff.). This was furthermore combined with different schemes for the length of daylight, computed with System A and System B as well. The results vary only inconsiderably around the values given in the above table. ‘the planetary longitudes show rather irregular de- viations even if one assumes that Mercury should have a longitude of Y 12 or 13 which makes the deviation + 1 or 2. If one excludes the moon, Mars, and Mer- cury from the comparison because in these cases the inaccuracy of ancient tables might be felt most, one obtains the deviations + 5, + 5, + 54, + 8%. It seems doubtful whether this can be taken as an indication that the vernal point was called Aries 8°. A vernal point in Aries 5° would be obtained, however, if we follow the theory of “ Trepidation” mentioned by Theon as the theory of the old astrologers. According to this theory the vernal point recedes 1° in 80 years from 8° beginning in 159 B.c. Our horoscope being just three 80-year periods later would thus consider 5° as the vernal point. Beside the longitudes, relations to stars in constella- tions are also given. This reminds one of the Baby- lonian “ Almanacs” and “ Diaries” where not only longitudes but also relations to “normal stars” are entered.” In the case of the sun, the moon, and the meridian, the description is undetermined enough so as to make agreement possible, though it is not easy to see how the moon can be “‘ mounting the Back of Taurus ” when its latitude is about —4%°. Jupiter is said to be “2 fingers (=0;10°) north of the bright star in the Back” of Cancer. According to computation, this would be 25 0 ;24 8B = -+0;20 or 2% 6 according to the text. A star which seems to fit this description is € Canc which is called Aapmpos by Ptolemy (Heiberg II p. 94,12) and whose coordinates are given as 25 5;40 8 =—2;40 magn. 4 in the Almagest, actually corresponding to %5 4;52 B = —2:27 in a.p. 100, and to % 1:42 in 130 BiG eee possibility is » Canc %5 2;40 8 =-+ 1 magn. 5 in the Almagest, 25 3;3 B—=+1;8 in av. 100, and 3% 29;53 in 130 B.c.®° Neither one of these identifications is very convincing. Saturn, in ¥ 6°, is said to be “ descending from the Swallow-Fish.” Because the “ Southern Fish” is men- tioned in connection with Venus, Bouché-Leclereq and, following him, Boll *° have assumed that the “ Swallow- Fish” is the same as the “ Northern Fish.” This is explicitly confirmed by the scholion to Aratus 242” A Cpa sacs iillle * Peters-Knobel, PCS p. 61 and p. 83 No. 448. ® Peters-Knobel, PCS No. 456. *° Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 148 note 2; Boll in Roscher VI, 979, 46 ff.; Boll, Sphaera, p. 196 f. * Maass, CAI ps 382) 27 ti. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 8l where this name is declared to be of Babylonian origin. According to the Almagest the Northern Fish belongs more to the first half of the zodiacal sign, in agreement with our computed longitude. The latitude, however, of almost —-2° does not agree with the picture to be de- rived from the Almagest. Venus, in ¥ 16, is said to be in the “ Southern Fish, two lunar diameters from the star in the Connecting Cords.” The star in the Cords is usually taken to be a Pisc,!2 whose coordinates in the Almagest are P 2;30 ah treatise of ““ Hermes Trismegistos,’ discovered by Gun- del, with a longitude of % 14;26.** Finally Mars is found in “7 16, at the “ Star in the Cloak, called Ganymede, homonymous with the whole constellation, far to the East.” That Aquarius is repre- sented as Ganymede is well known.*? In the Cod. Vat. Graec. 1291 ** the cloak reaches from Ganymede’s right shoulder to his left hand which is stretched out towards Capricorn. Thus the most conspicuous part of the cloak is seen at the western end of the constellation. Hence SUMMARY OF COMPUTATION Titus 3 eae 6 3h night April | = IX(e) 1/2 Text — Comput. longitudes S251! March 31 21h Alexandria time Flank of Aries cae 13,0336 | Back of Taurus T 914 SP Renal ne ish es 10,44 ae 0 ae 2, 16 ae 5; 59 Swallow — Fish Bright star at 418 60,010 | 4. Bak of Cancer Southern Fish, star in the Connecting Cords ero REE oo | ae > a a eee 63 0,24 +0;28 10,56 —0;16 TABLE 8. 8 =—8;30 magn. 3, actually P 2;55 8B ——9;10 in A.D. 100 and % 29;45 in 130 B.c.1% This is in very bad agreement with the longitude % 16 of the text and with the computed position 3€ 7;25 B = +3;48 even if one adds or subtracts 2 lunar diameters = 1°. Perhaps the star d Pisce is meant, near the tail of the Southern Fish. The Almagest gives for this star ¥ 11 8B =-+ 5 ;45 magn. 6, actually * 11;34 8 = +5;27 in a.v. 100 and ¥ 8;24 in 130 B.c. It also appears in the star catalogue of the *? Aratus 244; Almagest, Heiberg II p. 126, 10. *® Peters-Knobel, PCS No. 692. our text must refer to the end of the cloak near the body, slightly east of the middle of the sign. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY Colt “ Phase.” This term is used here in a much looser sense *4 Peters-Knobel, PCS No. 682. Gundel, HT, p. 159 No. 67. *© Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 146 note 3 or Roscher VI, 975, 4 ff.; 976, 50 ff. Boll, Sphaera, p. 389 considers “ Ganymede” as a borrowing from the “ Sphaera Barbarica.”’ *° Boll [4]. 28 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 81—No. 95 than ordinarily (cf., Introduction p. 10). Mercury at superior conjunction is said to have “completed its phase.” This can only mean that its “phase” as morning star is ended. This is confirmed by the other cases which obviously concern the “ phases ” mentioned here in the introduction of the horoscope. Saturn is said to rise before dawn and Venus is mentioned as morning star but neither one of these planets is in a specific position of a “ phase” in the strict sense of this term. For the astrological significance of the phases cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 309, IV; also p. 113 note 1. Gola “Sign of Mars.” “Sign” (dv) is here used for “house” (olkos). “Northerly sign.” This classification seems to be un- known, even in lists like CCAG 1 p. 164f. or CCAG 4 p. 152. See, however, the “northerly triangle” Y S. #, Tetrabiblos I, 18. Cf. also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 196 note 2. Col-lV “Like gold.” Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 314 note 2; “accidentellement peut-étre ”; the ordinary metal asso- ciated with the moon is silver. Cf. Col. VI. CCAG 1 p. 173,2 and 2 p. 82,7 the moon is called ypuodumrvé. For the importance of conjunctions between the moon and xed starsc;. CC AG Gp. ti Colas “ Commanding.” According to the Tetrabiblos Cancer is a commanding sign, but not so according to Vettius Valens. 9 “Second station.” For the astrological significance of this point cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 429 note 1. Gol. Vi “ Like crystal.” This seems to be an unknown associa- tion with Venus. In al-Biraini’s Astrology p. 243 crystal is mentioned (among others) with the moon, gold with Venus, exactly opposite to our text. The moon repre- senting crystal is again mentioned as a Hindu doctrine in al-Birtini, India LX XX (Sachau II p. 214). Cf. also the table in Boll, FS p. 20. Cale VAD “Tt will dominate the theme.’ Obviously the fact is decisive that Mercury is in superior conjunction with the sun. According to Tetrab. 1,24 a planet is most powerful if its true motion is greatest and this is the case for superior conjunction. Cf. also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 113 note 1 and p. 406 note 2. It looks as if the bad influences (e.g., Horoscopos in Scorpio) were pur- posely ignored. “The rudder of them all.’ Cf. Bouché-Leclerecq, AG p. 258 note 4. “Lot of Fortune.” Sagittarius is the “house” (or “ sign”) of Jupiter and the “triangle” # Sv is at night assigned to Jupiter. The elongation of the moon is ¥ 13— 7 14= 29°. Adding this to the Horoscopos mm 18 we obtain # 17. Subtraction would lead to = 19 but only “ignorant” people do not know that addition is proper for the night, subtraction for daytime. Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 291 note 1. ” “(counting) inversely.” This translation of dvamadw is based on Bouché-Leclereq’s remark (AG p. 291 note 1) which relates our passage to “ Nechepso’s”” rule for the computation of the Lot of Fortune. Cf. Introduction D. ©. “back (in the sign) of Venus” not in the “Lot of Venus ”’ as Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 291 note 1 has it. Fragm. Col, 1X “ Pregnancy 276 days.’ Vettius Valens I, 23 and 24 gives an extensive method for finding the moment of conception from the date of birth. As the mean value of the duration of pregnancy, 273 days is assumed. The accurate duration is computed by means of the elonga- tion of the moon from the Horoscopos. Neither the mean value nor the accurate value of Vettius Valens’ theory agrees with our text. There exists, however, a doctrine which considers the third day after birth as the decisive day (cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 488 note). The Egyptians assumed a duration of pregnancy of 275 days (cf. Jonckheere, [1] p. 44f.). BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Photographs of columns I to VIII: P. Lond) Pac- similes Pl. 77-79; of columns IX and X: Macnaughton, SEC pl. XVII. (lacing p. 332) taken )ifGmaeieeeen ss Thompson, The Mystery and Romance of Astrology, New York, Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1930; of column IV, 72-85: W. Schubart, Griechische Palaeo- graphie (Handb., d. Altertumswiss. 1,4,1 Mtinchen 1925) p. 122 fig. 81. This text is very frequently referred to in the litera- ture, e.g., by Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 196,3 213,e ef passim ; Wilcken, Ostr. II p. 792 f.; Gundel, DD. p. 48, p. 409, etc. No. 95 P. Lond. 98 INTRODUCTION This papyrus became famous through the fact that its verso bears the Funeral Oration of Hyperides. Its recto contains an elaborate Greek horoscope cast for the year ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 29 A.D. 95, followed by an astrological treatise in Greek and early Coptic. The papyrus originally belonged to the Stobart col- lection and was purchased in Egypt in 1853/1854, probably in Thebes. Griffith suggested that it was found together with the wooden tablets which contain Demotic planetary tables for at least the years a.p. 71 to 132.7 manuscripts of normal Coptic are datable so soon after.” We are greatly indebted to our Egyptological colleagues, Professor J. Cerny and Professor R. A. Parker, for putting at our disposal their results in studying this extremely difficult Coptic document. The late Dr. P. Kahle, Jr., made a careful copy of the original in the British Museum and Dr. T. C. Skeat, Keeper of the SUMMARY OF ASTROLOGICAL DATA FROM NO. 8l | al ouse|lerm| & Exatt.(+) Phase of | of Bs eS hep) 5,59 8 60,010 ||.274 teh on TABLE 9, The horoscope began with an introduction, now almost completely destroyed, followed by the enumeration of positions and astrological characterization of sun, moon, and the five planets. On several occasions Demotic signs are used in the spelling of names of decans. The end of the horoscope proper gives the four cardinal points and four “ Lots.” This brings us to the end of line 82. What now follows (lines 83 to 101) is almost entirely illegible because there are breaks in the papyrus and overlaid patches, and all the lines have been erased or cancelled. A few less conjectural readings, however, indicate that we have to do with the periods of life and their subdivisions. With line 102 seems to begin a detailed discussion of the single periods of life, first in Greek, then, from line 118 on, in Old-Coptic with some Greek insertions. Griffith [2] p. 81 note 1 quotes the following remark by Crum: “ What strikes me in these texts is not their likeness to Coptic, but their extreme unlikeness, while 1 Cf. below p. 173, tables S. Department of Manuscripts, provided us with infrared and ultraviolet photographs. Professor Eric G. Turner of the University of London collated once more the whole text. In spite of this combined effort much remains enigmatic in this last section. A. TRANSCRIPTION OF LINES 1 TO 82 Coll, I Se OB pata Sem Md ee st et Ls io) =f ° 1 Jene.: followed by one more letter(?) ending in a long stroke slanting down to the right. 30 10. a Wa ete 14. 15, 16. Vs 18. 1 20. Zt. Je ao: 24. Zo 26. a7: 28. Zo: 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. a 38. 39. 40. 41, 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49, 50. al Be Dae 54. DD. 56. b/s 58. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 oe Tie nye | pac [ nAvoc evplLCKOpEV THV Ke | wow TOL OUVPEVOV EV... eee ee eeeee | ov TO dwdexary | Loptov ev deovte HOLpov oe tov Se AC Aaprpov| wpocKkoTwv xev AetTov .. o1kwt iwi] oplore Eppouc ceAnvn evpicKopey T T|nv Ke B | abpoc tov d€ AS Aapmpwov wpockor |v ov ovo” « 0U TO Swdexarnmoplov €V c | kop powp |wv 7 AerTwv vB ot[ Kou apewc tamu | opate edn Br oooe |r [ [ [ [ [rov de [ [vycw TOLOVLEV nV €V [ [ [ [.. [ [opioe] ca opio.|cadpodernc dex |avoc Col, IT dawwwv Tov TOV KpOVOV EevpLCKOpLEY THY KELYnCLY Trovovpevov ev TapHever poipyc & OLKOV Eppouc VYOMLATL EPMLOVC TATLVHPATL adpodetyc opto.c Eppovc ov To dwoeKaTypopLov eV Traplevat oLKwl eppouc Tov de AG wpocKoTWY OV OVOLa erde tov dexavoc B ov ovopa [ovec | dy Buxcor pacOwy tov Tov doc €[vpicxopey |] Tv Kec ToL ovpevov ev rapbevor [popoy .. Aer] TwY K oLKWL Eppovc vWopate eppov|c remanent adppodetn op.o.c adpoderyc ov To dwde[Karnpopiov ev] To€oTnL powpwv uy orkot idiot opioce epyolvc Twv de AS Aa] prpwv wpocKoTwy Ov OVOLa doutde tolv dekavoc ee eee | apwtl Apwe apyc mupoic evp[ickopev Tyv Kewn|cw movovpevoy ev ddvpore por[ pov .. Aertov. |a oikwt Eeppove opt| otc | oplote esfiove. |... >. pnxer( ?) rp ]ocriBwr Tore aprO orc tov d¢ AS Aapr| pov wpockor|wv ov ovopa apov > [ov ro dwdexatnpopiov| ev AEovTL poipwv K OLKWL nAtov OpLotc e| pyov TWV S| Kavoc a pepevaape pocdopore tov [ryc] appodetnc evpickomev THY KEW cw wovovpevov e[y tavp]au [porpwv . . | orkwr Ovo vywpare ceAnvyt optore d[toc ov To dwdexarnp|opiov evAnyer ev vopnxot poipwv Y otk [Kpovov oprore ep|pove Tw AG Aap™ wpockoTwy Ov ovopa Xo|...... Sexav |oc a ov ovopa apou > cTiABwy Tov Tov eppov ev| pickopev Tyv | Kevncw ToLovpevoy Tov Tov Epwov ev Kplwr Trept | wo“pwv vWwMare nAlov Tamwwpatt Kpovov opt| oLc or] Kw. apewc .|twv AS Aapurpwv wpockoTwy ov ovoya yevtal.. ov] To dwdexaTnpopLov ev Anyet ev ToEoT NL morpwv K ok [wt Sto] ¢ opiore adpodertyc Twy Sexavoc B xar/ Kovat/ Col, Ii 59. rov S€ wpovosoy wpecKorov mpocda & odnyv 60. tv [av|adoyiav ex Tov avapopixov mpoc Krew (ih Spay EKTELTTTEL EV KAPKLVOL TEpL POLPWV Ke OKWL 62. ceAnvync opioic doc ov To dwdeKaTymopLov EV 63. ravpw[t] poipwoy Ke owe afppodertryc vpwpare 64. cednvnc tov [A]S Aaprpwv wpockoTwy ov ovoH 65. pepevax.[....] Tov dexavoc B xvoupe hpakvovt 66. pecovp[avnpa ely Kpior porpwv t Aertwv A 67. ocr ape[we opioce af|podetnc ov ovopa cpwr 68. vroynv fev Cvywr ox ]or appodertnt vywpate Kpovoc 69. ramwopl[ate nAcov opto |ic Eppove ov ovo" cTwpa 70. dvcixov [ev aryokepwr| poipwv Ke o1Kwt KPOVOU opLoLc 7 Vostonore aie ov ovo|pa cicpar 72. 0 mp|wtoc KXnpoc tyc ylevecewc_o ectw ayaboc Satpoy 73. [ev Tavpwr poipev .. Ae|zrov AB orkwr adpoderrnc vy 74. vol pate cednvyc optoe| eppov Kar apewe 7561 6 ky [ poc SAIS he en. ]ev Kpiwe poipov Ky AerTwv Ig | 76. otxor [kar o|p[orc]c ape[wec | 77. 0 tpito[c K]Anpoc wept [Oalvarwv ev vdpnxet po.ipov Hee Neate 78. oxot [pov] ov tamwo [pa] re eppov opvoce di0c Kat ape [wle 79. o duc[icoc o]xodec|roryc] rye yevecewc appodetyc Kat ; €pmouc 80. ev tw[e kev | Tpwx adpo [ Sect | ne avadeperat ev Tot KevTpo [t | 81. pec | ovpavnuar |oc 82. [aroredecpare] ka Tov € acTepwv Tepe Conc 34 erde: d Demotic sign. Cf. Griffith [1] p. 74, and Crum [1]. 35 [ovec]dy Bixwr: Professor Parker suggested this restora- tion as a possible rendering of the corresponding Egyptian name wssty bk5ty. 41 govrde: d Demotic sign. Cf. Griffith [1] p. 74. 45 and 52 apov>: Last sign is perhaps Demotic though we did not succeed in identifying it. It is not mentioned in Crum [1] though in his text (about a.p. 150) an unknown sign <: also occurs, written often in the inner part of words as well as at the end. 56 ro: + written over 6. 61 oka: sic for orcwr. 65 hpaxvovu: initial letter Demotic 2. wa doubtful; perhaps Demotic? y written over ¢. amoTehecuati|Ka OF xpnmaticTi] Ka. 69 crwpua: 80 avadeperac: 82 ]xa: B. TRANSLATION OF LINES 1 TO 82 Cole Lines 1 to 27. Only the last letters of these lines are visible. The beginnings are now covered by brown paper of the mounting of the papyrus.? Only in the lines 28 and 29 has transparent paper been used and hence also * This detached part of the text is not shown in the facsimile reproduction of P. Lond. 98. We owe all information concerning this fragment to Dr. T. C. Skeat. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 31 parts of the beginning can be read. The middle part of the whole first column is broken away. The last line of the introduction (line 15) can proba- bly be read as ending in “. . . hour of the djay.” The two following sections concern the sun and the moon and can be restored to some extent by means of the pattern of the subsequent sections for the planets. 16. [The sun we find] moving MTU <6. 66a olin. | Us. |) nie | 19. [... whose dodekate]morion is in Leo 20. [.. degrees .. minutes, his own house,] terms of Mercury, 21. [and of the 36 bright] Horoscopes khen. 22. |The moon we find] mo- oo | OU gt ie ] degrees OS ee ] latitude BM ue ec aes ] steps; 26. [and of the 36 bright Horoscopes|] the one named PEN c/s - , whose dodekatemorion is in] Scorpio 28. 8 degrees 52 minutes, in the [house of Mars,] de- pression of the moon, fe miectins || of Venus, decan [...... ] ti. Col. 30. Phainon, the (star) of Saturn we find moving 31. in Virgo 1 degree, house of Mercury, 32. exaltation of Mercury, depression of Venus, terms 33. of Mercury; whose dodekatemorion is in Virgo, house 34. of Mercury, and of the 36 Horoscopes the one named Etdje; 35. whose decan is the 2nd, named [Usdj]e-Bikot. 36. Phaeton, the (star) of Jupiter we find moving 37. in Virgo [.. degrees] 20 minutes, house 38. of Mercury, exaltation of Mercury, depression of Venus, terms 39. of Venus; whose dodekatemorion is in Sagittarius 13 degrees, 40. his own house, terms of Mercury, and of the 36 bright Horoscopes 41. the one named Phoutdje; whose decan is the [2nd], Aroi Aroi. 42. Mars Pyroeis we find moving 43. in Gemini [... degrees ... minutes]; house of Mercury, {terms} 44. terms of Mercury; [... in longitude] he is adding to (his) numbers; 45. and of the 36 bright Horoscopes the one named Arou; 46. [whose dodekatemorion] is in Leo 20 degrees, 47. house of the sun, terms [of Mercury; whose] decan is the lst, Remenaare. 48. Phosphorus the (star) of Venus we find 49, 50. bake oe: Da 54. 5a 56. o7: 58. moving in Taurus [... degrees], her own house, exaltation of the moon, terms of Jupiter; whose dodekate- morion ends in Aquarius 3 degrees, house of [Saturn, terms] of Mercury, of the 36 bright Horoscopes the one named Cho[... |; whose decan is the first, named Arou. Stilbon, the (star) of Mercury we find moving {the (star) of Mercury} in Aries about [.. degrees], house of Mars, exaltation of the sun, depression of Saturn, ternisof[....... le of the 36 bright Horoscopes the one named Chenta[chori]; his dodekatemorion ends in Sagittarius 20 degrees, house of [Jupiter] ; terms of Venus; whose decan is the 2nd, Kat/ Kouat/. Gol, TE And the governing Horoscopos is fixed in complete . conformity (with the rules) of the rising-times (as well as) with the water clock; . it falls in Cancer about 25 degrees, house of the moon, terms of Jupiter; whose dodekate- morion is in Taurus 25 degrees, house of Venus, exaltation of the moon; of the 36 bright Horoscopes the one named . Remenach: fens: ]; whose decan is the 2nd, Knoum Hraknoum. Midheaven in Aries 10 degrees 30 minutes, . house of Mars, [terms] of Venus; (the bright Horoscopos?) named Sroi. Lower Midheaven [in Libra,] house (of) Venus, exaltation (of) Saturn, depression [of the sun], terms of Mercury; (the bright Horoscopos?) named Stoma. Setting [in Capricorn] 25 degrees, house of Saturn, > his-own \(-e) Saturn’s) terms; [....| (the bright Horoscopos?) [nam]ed Sisroi. . The first Lot of the nativity, that is Agathos Daimon, [in Taurus .... degrees] 34 minutes, house of Venus, {exaltation} exaltation [of the moon, terms] of Mercury and Mars. EReSSeCONC. (Ot kerip. stress ] in Aries 23 degrees [..] minutes, house [and terms] of Mars. The third Lot, concerning death, in Aquarius [... ] degrees [..] minutes, . house of Saturn, depression of Mercury, terms of Jupiter and Mars. 32 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 79. The [natural] ruler of the nativity (is) (the star) of Venus and, (the star) of Mercury being 80. inthe center, (the star) of Venus is rising (toward *) the center 81. of Mid[heaven 82. [the influen]ces of the five stars concerning life. Ca LINES ese ro aly The lines 83 to 104 are almost completely obliterated by erasures. The following indicates what words still can be read with some degree of certainty. 83.4 T pw [roc Fac aie a er ey Ce OO SAeGCerove ic Pics. sm kx ce waneee 85. pep [ler 86. pep[ ile Kpovo [v Ecuteeee te ores eee eer eer mre Oreo OO Gerry cl OG O teee Cole hy DOMECTLOUC 6s aie ewc| erove Ke pnvac B nMEpac KE OMe oe ed is pee appode™7c Kat eppov pyvac fea DS a sso Oss 8 eee ceAnvnc OG. Me suk ae pe ko Oe ene ad . epouple 98 Yona let) oes pier ate ener Baan DO) Peak anes ae ]n pyvec a INO. hs Tele Werte 8 GIO eset nes ateasaena In spite of the bad condition of the text it would seem clear that this section is dealing with the periods of life (cf. particularly line 90) and similar subdivisions. This is supported by the occurrence of frequent over- lines, marking numbers, though the numbers themselves are usually obliterated. In line 102 the first period of life is mentioned. The second period begins with line 116 to be continued in the Coptic text (lines 118 ff.). There are erasures and breaks in the Greek lines, and where the reading is clear, it is rather incoherent grammatically. Our text of these lines is as nearly complete as we can make it but our translation is a free version. TRANSCRIPTION LOZ Se OL... ] mpotoc xenuate| Ce 103. amo [erove [Wee eee eae (reer ae a [pod] rnc 104. xA[npoc .... ; NOB, Ge .p... Teprrvov eay de Sovroc nv [eAevJepwOncera] .. LOG: SarAover aera | ee ] eav de mAoveroc r[Aovewre | poc YevyceTal Kal CW * The literal translation of the text “ Venus rises in the center ” makes no sense since Venus is in the sign which precedes Mid- heaven. *Near the beginning of the lines 83 to 89 a small strip from another papyrus is pasted over the original (perhaps an ancient repair). This narrow strip contains one letter or two in each of five lines which have nothing to do with the original text which shows in all columns a narrower spacing of lines. 107, plarey 2.22. oro |.wy Kuptevcr eriOn[ ce] oca Kat nN YEvecly CHuLaL YevovTau 108. vel PuTetav de omo.ovy. .a KaAwc ka[e re | KVWV TOLOVVTQAL VITO TLYOC 109. Kowrne ka..ka...a Pucic yovercioc yovec Kat CUCTACECLY UITEPEXwV 110. yeuvncerar ecy[wplovew omov Kocpov Kpvepoc nN Xpopatov Tad Saray] Pov iter. eostae tlavra de amoreAa apne yevntat eravapepn 112. [adpode]itnc Kar Kpovoc tprywvter Wvypoc mept Twv Yvvalkov L132) eepeeaee ] vr0 tHv apxnv Woyoc aoimove Kwdvvev[ce]e ov overpoc 114. [....o]ve Kaxotabycera Kar Eevirever kal...... Jay 0 yap mpwToc 115. [KAnpoc] azodve 7 Sevtepa opowe amoAve K[ at n TpLTN o|povac amoAve FREE TRANSLATION The first period Venus rules up to 6 [years 9(?) months 25 days. Its position in Lot 1, Agathos Daimon, indicates well being and abundance] of pleasure. If he is a slave [he will be set. free; if he is poor he will become] rich; if he is rich he will become richer and [whatever slaves] he is master of he will increase, as the nativity indicates; and [his crops(?) of whatever sort they. are] will do well; and the children from whatever union born will have inborn in them a fine nature like their parents. And he will have excellent associations extending everywhere. He will suffer from cold or fevers or other illnesses ; such are the things that Mars portends,... Venus is in Epanaphora. And Saturn is in trine to Venus (and portends that) he will be cold as regards women. He will be tried before the magistrate for unspeakable accusations . . . he will suffer miserably and will live a miserable life abroad. For the first lot is a separation(?), the second likewise a separa- tion(?) and the third likewise a separation(?) DD. TEE COP LEG re xs by J. Cerny and R. A. Parker The discussion of the second period of life probably began in line 116 with the statement that Mars(?) decides the second period, which, according to the next line,® extends “from year 6 month 9 (or 5) day 25 to year 25 [month 2 day 25].” * In the next line the Coptic text begins. The occasional Greek sentences which are ° One can read with some security in line 117: ...].. (erovc) © envas t) [mulepac ke ewc ....[....].... xpnmariger ° Cf. below line 126. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 33 inserted in the Coptic are also written by a different hand; here they are printed in italics.” The following translation has been published by us in an article on “ The Old Coptic Horoscope” in JEA 43 (1957) p. 86 to 100 to which we refer the reader for the text itself * and our commentary. 118. [If] he had the Sun as friendly star (and) Mer- cury, and they were at enmity to this st[ar...], it shall not be wietes.. (elective?) .....as hostile star. Uhe two BOdce.ee) (ate... .) durme his lite: 120. [If] (they were) in akhélo, they shall make twenty- four evils against him . . . of his life (and) his occupation, 121. ... after thirty-five (evils) from it. If he had M[ercury itse]lf as his krahtoudt, Col. V 122. his growth(?) shall be established in its likeness, whether(?) it be against his good or his evil. li there was an evil star as his krahtoudt, he shall go.to ...man(?) or god, he shall go into misfortune, or (he shall) see a man’s death. It shall come through him or through his snake. Third period: Jupiter decides. From year 25, month 2, day 25 until year 34, month 5, day 24 Jupiter decides. If Jupiter (was) a hostile star on the of his birth, perhaps he shall pass by (= neglect) his wife, or be at enmity to her, or his children shall misbehave in turn, or he shall part (from them) in mercantile business. If there was an evil star Zo: 124. 125. 126. t2/: 128. o20: 130. . , a wife shall not make a term for him indicate emendations. On pl. XI (which is printed upside down) read Col. 1V and Col. VI instead of Col. 1 and Col. 3 respectively and on pl. XII read Col. V instead of Col. 2. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 1518 Lz; 153) 154. £55, 156. 1; 158. ) 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. shall . . . against him. His evils shall multiply. A woman of... . [shall] ... him, and his heart shall through her. He shall take a Hatie( hia sans . service of kingship . . . his kindred, he caus- ing them to appear as those who take a wreath of gold to their head(s) in the years named, and he shall speak and they shall act at his voice and he shall see a law which is great to his heart. If an evil star was coming up - after them, against his good and for his evil, a woman shall cause him to take shame, or he shall be hunted(?) from year 42 upwards. A woman shall be to him. He shall take one until year 94. He shall see a [wife’s] death or shall be parted from her and shall ex- amine him while he . . . and . . . of his shall make his evils Of, a Of his: If a good star was . . . , he shall escape his place of confusion... ... to them... and they shall cast 31 winters upon them(selves). He shall take counsel from a woman and [perhaps she] shall take counsel from him. If he had a good star take closing on the d[ay] of his birth, perhaps he shall see (the) death of a man who is near to him shall become good for his life and he shall not have died in a past hour (but shall) see... child . ... All these which are below, Col V1 you shalliset the|se ... ea ycal aoe iiie, bie shall’, . death in his presence, They shall make . . . for six months. He shall see... . going away toatown... God said: one (woman) and... become good for one (woman). His heart shall Woverr:, ¢ six. His life shall come to... . through him. His shall become good . . . [pute ain lus heart..)..-. He shall set . 34 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 TGs apycar CU es 16Se- jupiter... k day 2. 169" hehas ..*. in flesh. His. ~. 170 to 172. IW. 5 5 5 WO Imis loktarel 5 4 174. his life, and he shall fly .. . WS. . and he shall drink his... 176. and he shall take a wife and she shall leave . PA / against him) (Shesshallaace- 178. year 42... 179. the number. He shall make... 180) West" lf theres waseeea. 181) be shall make 182) "come up. = She pity aes 184. someone js tommy): 185. his dreams siicueeee 186. again. I shall become... 187. a scorpion was not dumb... 188. shall live... 189) Eleshallaee E. ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 The first section undoubtedly contained, beside the general introduction, the date of the horoscope. Line 15 ends in pac, to be restored to rs jépas, Showing us that we are dealing with a daytime birth. This, however, could have been deduced from the subsequent sections. We know that Mercury was in Aries, Venus in Taurus. Consequently the sun must have been in or near Aries. We know furthermore that Aries was in the meridian. Combining this with the previous information we know that the time was about noon.® Thus the accessible frag- ments of the first section do not bring us any farther toward the date than we would be without them. Consequently, we must try to date the text on purely astronomical grounds within the historically plausible limits of the first or second century a.p. To this end we must first of all determine the longitudes of the superior planets. Saturn is said to be in M1. This is in agreement with two other pieces of information, namely (a) that Saturn is in the terms of Mercury, which extend from mO to m7, and (b) that the dodekatemorion lies also in 1 which limits the original position to the first two degrees of 1m. Consequently this element is not subject to any doubt. Jupiter is also in 1, the number of degrees being lost. The terms are the terms of Venus; thus Jupiter must have a longitude between 1 7 and 17. The correspond- ® This conclusion is confirmed by more accurate computation. As we shall see presently, the sun must have had a longitude of about £11. The culminating point is given as 10;40. Thus the time must be very close to noon. ing dodekatemorion would then fall between 7 1 and y 11. The text gives # 13 which would require an initial position of Tm 7 ;25,42, . . . whereas the text pre- serves only the fractional part 0;20. Thus it is tempting to restore 1 [7;]20. Unfortunately, however, the value # 13 for the dodekatemorion is not fully reliable, because it is said to fall in the terms of Mercury and these extend from #17 to 21, thus excluding # 13. Consequently the initial position might also have been Ny 8 ;20 which would lead to # 18 as dodekatemorion. Similar discrepancies are observable in the case of Mars which is located in Gemini, the degrees again being lost. The terms of Mercury restrict us to the first 6 degrees of WX; consequently the extremal value for the dodekatemorion is 5.18. But the text gives Sv 20, which would correspond to an initial position OL Op To sum up we might say that we have for the outer planets the following positions: Oe ql 2£: i about /<20- oneezoe GR dik Bleyerote Ge” This suffices to restrict the possible dates of our horo- scope to the years 95 and 155, other possibilities being about 59 or 60 years distant from these two and being ruled out on paleographical grounds and on the basis of the Coptic linguistic features. We shall return presently to the details when we have the additional elements of sun and moon and the inferior planets at our disposal. Venus must be in Taurus, as appears from the fact that she is in the exaltation of the moon (¥% ) and in her own house (8 or =). The terms of Jupiter limit us furthermore to the interval from & 14 to 22. The dodekatemorion is 3 to which & 21 belongs as origi- nal position. There is no reason to doubt the correctness of the value for the dodekatemorion since it falls in the terms of Mercury which cover the first 7 degrees of &. Thus 8 [21] seems to be a safe restoration for the longitude of Venus. Mercury is in Y ; both longitude and terms are lost. The dodekatemorion 7 20 requires Y 20 for the initial longitude. Unfortunately the dodekatemorion is said to be in the terms of Venus which extend only from # 12 to 17. To #12 corresponds 195323, ... Vasverienias longitude. Thus Y [20] might be slightly too high a value for the longitude of Mercury. For the moon we only know that its dodekatemorion is M 8;52. This is confirmed by the further information that it falls in the depression of the moon (M) and in the terms of Venus which extend from ™m 7 to 17. The original position which leads exactly to this dodekate- morion is # 26;4. This is a basic element for the dating of our text. Finally we know that the sun had its dodekatemorion ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 35 in Leo, the number of degrees being lost. Traces, how- ever, seem to indicate that the terms were the terms of Mercury, thus limiting us to the are from Sv 18 to 24. This alone does not suffice to determine the original longitude. Because of the positions of Mercury (in [20]) and of Venus (in & [21]) the sun must be located somewhere in the interval from about Y 5 to % 15. The corresponding dodekatemoria range from xx 5 to 15 and only an original position very close to Y 11 leads to a dodekatemorion between Sv 18 and & 24, namely & 23. Thus we have to reckon with the following elements Gi about rk le €: * 26:4 %: 9 20 or slightly less pen com Al These elements should determine the date accurately within the year 95 or 155 required for the outer planets. The sun being in Aries requires a date in or near April. The moon is in the end of Sagittarius during this period in 95 March 17 and April 13 and in 155 March 14 and April 10. The dates in March give solar longitudes in the end of Pisces, thus about 20° less than expected. Hence there remains only 95 April 13 and 155 April 10 for nearer investigation. For these two dates one finds the following results isag O03 Aprir 133 155°April- 10: oer 11) eal . [21] m 4(!) * 25(!) ae [20] oF 10C1) ote oe” It is clear that 155 is ruled out. For 95 the agreement is excellent for the outer planets’® but sun, Venus, and Mercury show deviations. All planets and the sun would be very well represented for 95 April 3. Sun, Venus, and Mercury have then practically exactly the longitudes we restored and only Mars is slightly worse (x¢ 1) whereas Jupiter and Saturn agree exactly with the text. The moon, however, is completely out of place, in Leo, instead of Sagittarius. In view of this fact 95 April 13 seems the only possible date. The position of the Horoscopos, 25 25, is perfectly possible for an hour close to noon. Given this rising point one obtains 7” 14;10 as culminating point, using the tables of Almagest II,8 and assuming the latitude *°Tt is said in 11,44 that Mars is “adding to his numbers.” Indeed, Mars is moving forward in both cases listed here, and the same holds for 95 March 17, April 1 and 155 March 14. Blass, Hyp. or. @ p. XVIII f. also came to the conclusion that the year 95 is preferable to the year 155. He based this result on planetary positions computed for 95 April 1 and 155 May 15 respectively without taking into consideration what is known about sun and moon. of Alexandria.** A somewhat better agreement with the text (f 10;30) is reached (¥ 11;23,20) if one uses the procedure of Paulus Alexandrinus ** and the rising times of System A instead of Ptolemy’s more accurate tables. The “ governing Horoscopos”’ is said to be “ fixed in complete conformity with the rising-times and the water clock.” This remark is very puzzling indeed. Evidently the elements of a horoscope had to be found by computation, and not by observation, especially for a day birth when the planets were all invisible. The rising-times were needed for determining the culmi- nating degree as well as for the rising and setting points when the hour was given. The role of a water clock, however, remains obscure. Our text has a parallel in Tetrabiblos III,2 (Robbins) where also instrumental methods for the determination of the Horoscopos and the rising-times are compared. Unfortunately the details are equally obscure in Ptolemy’s text, obviously because he assumes them to be well known. F. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY Our text represents a quite unusual type among the earlier horoscopes in the detailed character of its data as well as in the addition of long excursus (Greek in col. IV, Coptic in cols. V and VI) on astrological doc- trine. In both respects it resembles much more the treatises of the fifth century than the simple factual statements in the bulk of horoscopes on papyrus or even the samples quoted by Vettius Valens. On the other hand the great number of discrepancies between our text and the orthodox doctrine as well as unexplained features might well be due to the fact that we know very little about the details of astrological theory before the second century (Ptolemy and Vettius Valens). For all seven celestial bodies and for the Horoscopos not only the positions but also the corresponding do- dekatemoria are given. Table 10 p. 36 shows these data together with the additional information concerning houses, exaltations and depressions. Discrepancies are indicated by (!) in the explanatory remarks. No dodekatemoria are given with the remaining three centers nor with three “lots ”’: M OP SO house: é (terms (62 ¢PsOitoll2) IMC = (10;30) house: @ exalt: |. bp depr: [©] perms: Bu (== Gito14) A vs [25] houses» ob terms: » (V3 22 to 26) ™ The tables of Theon would give very slightly less than P15 but such accurate tables were probably not in existence in the first century A.D. “Gis i, AO) 36 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 KAjpos 1: adyabos daipwv feet hO4 house: @ (either = or 3) exalt... .[ € ] terms: Sianded 8 (S30) KANDOS 25 [eens le 23s eet house: é [terms]: ¢ (7 20 ta25) KAnpos 3: mept Pavdtwv ROP Nts Be house: R depr. : % (no depr. or exalt. in ey Sdepr ok 8 in X.) terms? ‘2feamdsie > (4. 20) jae mp L.. J;20 house: exalt.: depr:: terms: [5 21,. house: exalt.: terms: + iG [20, =| house?o7 exalt.: © depr.: Tj terms: [...] H || & 25 house: ¢ 6) terms: 4 | $ 19 to 26 Prt] lilac house : ae T I has Sac. | as Dodek. [terms]: B18 to 23 The most serious difficulties arise, however, in con- nection with the “decans.” Apparently in connection with the dodekatemoria decans 1, 2, and [3] are men- tioned and names quoted which agree generally well with the Egyptian names of decans. Beside the “ decans,” however, “ 36 Horoscopes” are also listed (sometimes with the positions, sometimes with the dodekatemoria) which again carry names obviously related to the Egyp- tian decans.*** Finally these Egyptian names are quoted without further specification for the positions of M, IMC, and A. The hypothesis which at first suggests itself, that the “ decans ” are the decans of the dodekatemoria, the “ 36 yar i20 Wes #18 as Dodek. PINTS tora 0 tos has LO to &1g™ as 818 to 24 Dodek. [0 21] has isso’ (0) tra) Ff “2 3 as Dodek. 7 [20] has “20 as Dodek. ZF (2 tol 7 6§25 has U25 as Dodek. house: : exalt.: TABLE 10. In spite of some minor discrepancies the concepts mentioned so far belong to standard astrological reper- toire. The only strange element is the numbering and the names of the “lots.” They agree neither with the Lot of Fortune (about ” 10) nor with the Lot of Daimon (about 10) but must be found according to different principles which are unknown to us. 44 Perhaps mpdéews cal Sdéns or dévwparuKés. Horoscopes” the decans of the longitudes themselves, does not lead to satisfactory arrangement of the decans whose order is known from Egyptian sources or from Hephaistion (end of fourth century a.p.). As R. A, Parker has realized one obtains a fair agreement if one “" Also the Corpus Hermeticum (Asclepius) mentions “ the 36, which are called Horoscopes,” but no further explanation is given; cf. Nock-Festugiére, Corpus Herm. II p. 319. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95 considers both the ‘* 36 Horoscopes” and the “ decans ”’ as referring to the original positions and not to the dodekatemoria. This is shown in table 11 in which the numbering of the Egyptian decans follows the arrange- ment on the zodiac in Edfu (cf. table 4 p. 6). Perhaps one may suggest as a possible explanation for the multi- plicity of decanal names a survival of the distinction between constellations in the original Egyptian meaning of the decans and the Hellenistic usage of the same names for the thirds of the zodiacal signs.'® eee (20) Pe 25 pemevayl...J=rmn hry (one or two Decans after 6 Decan 3) P| 836 Horoscopes" i Ss [tare en [oat cal Ga cee 2: KyoumME hoa kKVOU, etde =h3t d3t (dl Decan 2) | 2: L..Jdn Bexwr = wS3ty bkity (np Decan 2) de =phwy 43t (QD eke te = hry ib wi3 (2) | goutde =phwy 4 aig eu elias . Seep e 37 would fit much better a general astrological treatise than an individual horoscope. Nevertheless, also in the Coptic text definite dates are mentioned for the single periods. The following information can be gathered for the lengths of the single periods and their rulers: lines 83 and 103: I. Venus. (From birth) until year 6, month 9 (or 5), day 25. lines 90 and 117: II. Mars(?). From year 6, month 9 (of 9), day Zo until year 25, month 2, day 25. = knmt and knmt (@ Decan 3 hry hpd a and 64) Decan |) ctwua =tm? (ng Decan |) cicewt=s3 srt (42 Decan !) TABLE 11. ihe end of-our text (col. ITI, 83 ff.). is concerned with the periods of life. The specific numbers assigned to these intervals require specific data for their com- putation and it is natural to assume they are the data of the preceding horoscope. The remarks in line 111 f. (2 in Epanaphora and % in trine with ?) refer to the conditions of this horoscope. The predictions, how- ever, are held in an extremely vague form and particu- larly in the Coptic part many conditional sentences occur (“if he had the sun as a friendly star” etc.) which *® Cf. for the history of the decans Neugebauer [9]. lines 125 ff.: III. Jupiter. From year 25, month 2, day 25 until year 34, month 5, day 24. lines 134 f.: IV. Ruler? From year 34, month 5, day 24 until year 54, month 10, day 4. This major division is apparently partitioned still further. In line 167 year 30 is mentioned and in line 144 f. an interval from year 42 to year 92 occurs. The year 42 is referred to again in lines 152 f. and 178. We do not know how these data were determined. Similar detailed divisions of lifetimes appear again in 38 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 95—No. 125 later literary horoscopes, e.g. in the compilation of Rhetorius (Nos. L 401, 440, 488, 516). G. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Photographs of columns II to IV: P. Lond. Fac- similes, pls. 72 to 74; of columns IT and V in Cat. of Anc. Ms. I, pls. 4 and 5. This papyrus, which contains on the reverse the funeral oration of Hyperides, was brought to London by H. Stobart in 1856. Lines 30 to 82 (i.e. column IT and the greater part of column III) were published and discussed by Goodwin [1] (1864). Wessely [1] p. 150 ff. (1888) extended his investigation over the whole Greek text, which he transcribed as far as possible up to the Coptic text (line 117). Cf. furthermore F. Blass, Hyperidis orationes sex (3) Leipzig, Teubner, 1894 p. XXIV f.;1* Wilcken in GGA 1894 p. 731 f and in Archiv 2 (1903) p. 175; Gundel, Dek. p. 46 ff., p. 408 f. and many other references in the literature to this horo- scope, e.g., Bouché-Leclercq, AG, index p. 647 s.v. Papyrus astrologiques.** The Coptic section was first discussed by Goodwin [2] (1868) and then by Griffith [1] and [2] (1900/1901). No. 125 P. Fouad 6 TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION Beginning destroyed ~ ROBoo sono 7 thea ee cea Se . dappov’? B[ Pharmoutht 2G)" [eal f 3rd hour of the night. Saturn (and) Horoscopos - THC vu«t [oc | 1 Z 3 4. + Kpovoc wpock | oroc | Si. 6 ii 8 2 rape | ve | in Virgo . nric Ceve sun (and) Jupiter in Pisces Mars in Aries . apne Kplov , . appoti nc 10. ex lols i ceAnv” Aewv| Te] 12: . eptov txOucr Wes Venus in Aquarius moon in Leo Mercury in Pisces 1 2 3 4 5 6 /. 8. ixOuce 9 10 11 12 13 .....: The editors read rov kvp[o]y. As shown in 1 TOU our commentary the calendar used must be the Egyptian. In this case one should expect a phrase like kara de] Tove apxavove. Neither space nor traces exclude this restoration. 16 Also Blass, Hyp. or. © p. XVIITE. 17 Goodwin [2] p. 23f. quotes as “a text of the same kind” a P. Anastasi 1073. This text is now Bibl. Nat. suppl. gr. 574 and published by Preisendanz in his Griechische Zauberpapyri I p. 64-181. It is a magical text and not a horoscope. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 1 The sun is in Pisces from about February 19 to March 20. The month Pharmouthi (VIII) of the Alexandrian calendar begins March 27. Thus our horo- scope must be based on the Egyptian calendar. For the beginning of our era VIII (e) 1 falls on March 20 and by a.p. 240 the last day of VIII(e) has moved to Febru- ary 19. Thus our horoscope must belong to the period later than O but earlier than 240. Combining the posi- tions of Jupiter and Saturn with the moon one obtains three possible dates within this interval, namely 65, 125, and 185. The earliest date is ruled out by Mars and the latest by Jupiter. Thus only 125 remains, for which one finds for March 4 = Pharmouthi 15 Text Computed t m 10 about 7 P.M. x% 13 % 21 Sere! % 15(!) igh Mile, Fee 248) oA 40 os » ©) yo * KOR 3 The only bad deviation occurs in the case of Venus, where the text gives Aquarius instead of Pisces. It is, of course, the position of the moon which de- termines the day number as Pharmouthi 15 (or 16). This would require in line 2 the reading c[e (or «[s). In fact, however, only B seems compatible with the remainder of the letter the right half of which is broken away. For this date, Pharmouthi 2 = February 19 one would obtain ext Computed tm 10 ; about 8 P.M. mADaPpOts m2 BOK XK SS Though all planetary positions are now correct the moon is 180° wrong. This almost looks as if full moons and new moons were interchanged in some table of syzygies. As time of the horoscope is given the third hour. This is barely possible if the Horoscopos is at the very end of M and the sun at the beginning of ¥. This again speaks in favor of the date Pharmouthi 2 as against Pharmouthi 15. The order of enumeration of the planets is very un- ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. usual since it follows neither the customary arrangement according to planets, nor the order of the zodiacal signs. Nos. 18%a, b, and c P. Paris. 19, P. Lond. 110, P. Paris. 19 bis INTRODUCTION Nos. 137a and b provide essentially the same text. Kenyon, the editor of No. 137b, considers No. 137a the draft from which the final copy was made. No. 137c concerns the same horoscopic moment (137 December 4) but gives a different and much more elaborate text ; the numerical data also seem to be slightly different. Perhaps Anoubion, the owner of the two first horoscopes, went to another astrologer who cast an independent horoscope. Unfortunately No. 137c is so badly damaged that a comparison of details is made impossible. TRANSCRIPTION OF NO. 137a (Louvre N 2342) Col. I 1. alya]6[y rlvxn yevecte avovBiwvoc @ 2. Wavevwroc 3. (erovc) a avtwvivoy Kaicapoc TOV KUpLOV 4. pnvoc adpiavov 7 Kata de Tove apa.” 5. ruBe um wpac & THC nMEpac ap* 6. nAwoc ev TokoTyL polpwv ty Aert® Ky 7. ovxw 810c opioic app | ode |uryc 8. ceAnvyc vdpoxw p.[orpor | y Aer? C 9. avatodixoc [orkw Kpovov| optoic eppov 10. kpovoc ev vdpo[x]o pop [ov] y§ Aer? 7 11. & to B CTNplypHw WL OLKW OpLOLC lla. eppov 12. eve ev kpew poipov [1] 8 A|err® ps 13. & Tw B cTyprypw [ow] apewc 14. vwlopare ndtov tamt[v] Kpovov £5. optoic apodertnc 2 16. apye ecyata avyokepw porpwv r 17. dex[rlov ovdey ev to B creptypo 18. ouKw Kpovov Www vywpate 19. ramwwopate di0c opiorc wore | 20. adpoderyc ev roforn pol plov 6 21. derrov vd ewa avatodac 22. o1xw dioc oproic d10c Col. II 23. eppne ev toéorn [poip]ov ce 24. Xerrov B ev ecrep|ta| o1xw d10c 25. opioic appodery[c | 26. opockoroc ev togoTy powpov le 27. orxw 8.0c opiorle a] Ppodetyc 28. yapocrodroc ev didvpo[t]c powpwv te 125 — Nos. 137a, b, and c 39 29. o1kw eppov opioic eppov 30. pecovpavnua ev tapfeva poipwv 31. 7 o1xw eppov vywpar|e| eppov 32. rarwopate appoder opior[c| appod|eryc | 33. vroynv ev txOuce poipov [7] 34. ow 810c vpwpate adpod|[eryc | 35. ramwopate epp[o]v op [tor] c adp [0d | e/ 36. 0 & KAnpoc tye Tuxnc ev ale] yoxepw 37. potpov 8 oo [k] povo[v] vpo[p)are 8. apewc tamwopate d10c o[ p| voce apo? See te B KAnpoc THe TUXNC EV xa[p]Kew[w] 40. popov ta oxo cl ed] qvne vyo [wa | te 41. doc ramwopari apewc opiorc ap|[p|o° 42. 0 owxodecrotyc THC yevecewc avTov 43. 0 tye appodetnc actnp The tacsimile in Young, Hierogl. II pl. 52 shows a much better state of preservation of the text, all words and letters which we enclose in [ | in column I were still preserved. In line 9 Young gives xpovoc where we restore kpovov. TRANSLATION OF NO. 1374 Coly Good Fortune. Nativity of Anoubion 5(th? son) of Psansnos. Year 1 of Antoninus Caesar the Lord, month of Hadrian 8, according to the old (calendar ) Tybi 18, hour 1 of the day, at the beginning. sun in Sagittarius 13 degrees, 23 minutes, house of Jupiter, terms of Venus. moon in Aquarius, 3 degrees, 6 minutes, rising, [house of Saturn,] terms of Mercury. 10. Saturn in Aquarius, 34 degrees, 8 minutes, 11. in his 2nd station, his own house, terms lla. of Mercury. 12. Jupiter in Aries, 12 degrees, 44 minutes, 13. in his 2nd station, house of Mars, 14. exaltation of sun, depression of Saturn, 15. terms of Venus. 16. Mars at the end of Capricorn, 30 degrees, 17. no minutes, in his 2nd station, 18. house of Saturn, his own exaltation, 19. depression of Jupiter, his own terms. 20. Venus in Sagittarius, 9 degrees, 21. 54 minutes, morning rising, 22. house of Jupiter, terms of Jupiter. Coll 23. Mercury in Sagittarius, 15 degrees, 24. 2 minutes, in the evening, house of Jupiter, 25. terms of Venus. 26. Horoscopos in Sagittarius, 15 degrees, 27. house of Jupiter, terms of Venus, 28. Marriage-maker in Gemini, 15 degrees, 29. house of Mercury, terms of Mercury. SOCOM en 40 30. Midheaven in Virgo, 8 degrees, 31. house of Mercury, exaltation of Mercury, 32. depression of Venus, terms of Venus. 33. Lower Midheaven in Pisces, [8] degrees, 34. house of Jupiter, exaltation of Venus, 35. depression of Mercury, terms of Venus. 36. The 1st Lot of Fortune in Capricorn, 37. 19 degrees, house of Saturn, exaltation 38. of Mars, depression of Jupiter, terms of Venus. 39. The 2nd Lot of Fortune in Cancer, 40. 11 degrees, house of moon, exaltation 41. of Jupiter, depression of Mars, terms of Venus. 42. The ruler of his nativity 43. the star of Venus. TRANSCRIPTION OF NO. 137b (ee ond. 110) Coll 1. [yevecte avovBr Jwvoc € Wavcvwitoc 2. | (erouc ) a avreove | ov Kalcapoc TOU KUPLOU Se [ unvoc adpiav | ov 7 n KaTa be TOVUC apxat 4. [ove tur im w|pac a tTyc npEpac apxac 5. [Atoc ev tokor | nt poipov vy AEerTwv 6. [ Ky OLKWL d10¢ | OpLoltc appodertnc 7. [ceAnvn ev vdpox]|or poipwov y A|erTov 8. be avator.koc | OLK@L k[p | ovov OpLo(c le |ppov 9. [kpovoc ev vdpoxo poup | ov VS re[ aro | 10. [7 EV TWL B CTNPLY Hol L] dua ou [ optote | Cole 1b. EpLLov 12. feve kp[w]e poipov 8 re[ aT] ov i. yd EV TOL B [er |nprypo OLK@L apEewc 14. tWoparte nA [vo] v TATLVWILATL KPOVOU 15. opioce appo|s e] urge # 16. apye ecyat[a| AUYOKEPOL [LOLPwV r 17. Aextwv ovdle|v ev Tw B CTNply pot 18. otxwt Kpovov [ce] dor dWopuate tame 19. vopari di[oc op]|tove idrore 20. adpodea[rn ev to€]orp poipov 6 Ale] rTwv Ze Steaun [avaroXac | oat d10c [ op | core Col, tui 22. id.ore 23. eppnc ev To€oTnt porpwv te AemTwy B 24. ev eczepta orxwr d10c opto.c adpodet 25. re A 26. @pOCKO7TFOC ev TogoTNL OLpoVv LE OLKWL 27. 810c optore appodecryc 28. yapoctoroc ev didvpore poipwv LE OLKOL 29. €pjLov OpLoltc Ep[Lov 30! PECOvpaVvyL La eV mapJevor oLlpov 31. orKwt eppov vWwopatt Eeppov TamivwL 32. pate adpodertnc opiore appoderryc ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Nos. 137a, b, and c Col. IV 33. troynv ev ixOvcr polip]wy 7 orKwr dioc tYopate 34. adpodertnc Tamiwwpate eppov optor|c | ad |p| ode[ rye | 35. 0 & KAnpoc THe TuxnC Ev aryoxepwx p[or] pwr B o[Kw|e 36. Kpovov i~wpate apewc TAT LVOLATL d10¢ opvoz| c | 37, appodetnc 38. 0 B KAnpoc THC TUXN|C Ev Kapkior porpov [va] [ou] Kox 39. ceAnvyc tWopati di0c Tamwopatr aplewc] op [coc | 40. adpodetyc 41. oixodecrorne tye yeve[c|ewe avrov o rye al pp]od[eryc | 42. acrnp 43. ayabn Tuxne evtvx [ee Column I is written on the reverse of a small sheet. The three following columns are now mounted separately but seem to have been written originally on one piece of papyrus of about 47 cm length. To the left of the last lines of col. IV a large coronis is written. TRANSLATION OF NO. 137b Call 1. [Nativity of Anoubi]on 5(th? son) of Psansnois, 2. [year 1 of Antonin]us, Caesar the Lord, 3. [month Hadrian] 8, according to the old (calendar) 4, [Tybi 18,] hour 1 of the day, at the beginning. 5. [sun in Sagittarius,] 13 degrees, [23] minutes, 6. [house of Jupiter,] terms of Venus. 7. [moon in Aquari]us, 3 degrees, [6] minutes, 8. [rising,] house of Saturn, terms of Mercury. 9. [Saturn in Aquarius,] 34 degrees, [8] minutes, 10. [in his 2nd station,] his own house, [terms] Cola it 11. of Mercury. 12. Jupiter in Aries, 12 degrees, 44 minutes, 13. in his 2nd station, house of Mars, 14. exaltation of sun, depression of Saturn, 15. terms of Venus. 16. Mars at the end of Capricorn, 30 degrees, 17. no minutes, in his 2nd station, 18. house of Saturn, his own exaltation, de- 19. pression of Jupiter, his own terms. 20. Venus in Sagittarius, 9 degrees, 4 minutes, 21, 22. morning [rising,| house of Jupiter, his own terms. Col. Ii 23. Mercury in Sagittarius, 15 degrees, 2 minutes, © 24,25. inthe evening, house of Jupiter, terms of Venus. 26. Horoscopos in Sagittarius, 15 degrees, house of 27. Jupiter, terms of Venus, 28. Marriage-maker in Gemini, 15 degrees, house of 29. Mercury, terms of Mercury. 30. Midheaven in Virgo, 8 degrees, 31. house of Mercury, exaltation of Mercury, depres- 32. sion of Venus, terms of Venus. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Nos. 137a, b, and c 4] Col. IV 33. Lower Midheaven in Pisces, 8 degrees, house of Jupiter, exaltation 34. of Venus, depression of Mercury, terms of Venus. 35. The 1st Lot of Fortune in Capricorn, 19 degrees, house of 36. Saturn, exaltation of Mars, depression of Jupiter, terms of wze Venus. 38. The 2nd Lot of Fortune in Cancer, [11] degrees, [house of | 39. moon, exaltation of Jupiter, depression of M[ars, terms of] 40. Venus. 41,42. The ruler of his nativity the star of [Venus]. 43. Good fortune. Farewell! ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY TO NOS. 137a AND b Diagram: pl. 2 The date in question is Antoninus 1, month Hadrian fee (a) ) S—= Ve) 18= 137 December 4, about 8 A.M. For this date one finds: Text Computed Text—comp. Cem 13:23 Fgh WA + 1;30 (an. 2-6 rising VEWZISSD + 3;30 Pee 3o 2ad station Vai + 6;30 u% 12;44 2nd station Set + 1;30 é Vs 30;0 2nd station eh 48) — 3 Q@ # 9;541+ morn. rising *# 12 —2 Ox 1552 evening m 20 (!) [— 5] gees 15 about 8 A.M. M tm 8 M27 cou: @l)4 The agreement of the longitudes is fair with exception of Mercury where one should expect ™ instead of 7#.° The culminating point also is essentially wrong; if # 15 rises, then the culminating point lies beyond nm 15 and not before it. The text says furthermore that all three outer planets are in the second stationary point. This is correct for Jupiter but Saturn is about 24 months beyond it and Mars is about 44 months past his second station. The moon is about 3 days past conjunction and therefore again clearly visible or “ rising” (dvaroAikos). Similarly Venus is reappearing as morning star. Mer- cury, accepting the longitude given in the text, would be invisible, though setting after the sun, which can be considered as a reason for the remark “in the evening ”’ * Or 9;4 in No. 137b. * Computed for Alexandria, using Almagest II,8. The pro- cedure of Paulus Alexandrinus (cf. p. 10) would lead to TR 29 ;10. * Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 283 note 2, assumes that Mercury was purposely placed in the same sign and even degree with the Horoscopos. Our general experience does not support the assumption of an arbitrary modification of astronomical data. (ev éonepia). Actually Mercury is morning star near io greatest elongation. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY TO NOS. 137a AND b The following information for the celestial bodies is given in this version: Phase House Exalt. Depr. Terms © ge Us ews 2 fe) Cae aes Om rising b 3} Rite orso cudestation 8 2p 12-44) 2nd station —é © b Q 2 Ve Sao Angle B 3 2 é @ x O46) morm rising 2£ 2 8 # 15;2 evening 2 2 Of interest are the terms of Jupiter and Mars. Jupiter’s longitude is Y 12 ;44 and the terms of Venus extend from " 6 to Y 12, followed by the terms of Mercury. Our text gives the terms of Venus, which shows that the whole 12th degree is still assigned to the terms which end in Y 12. Similarly in the case of Mars V3 30 is counted as belonging to the terms of Mars which extend from V3 26 to 30.4 After the positions of the planets six more points are given: Horoscopos and setting point, here called yapoorodos because this point is the locus of marriage; ° then the points of upper and lower culmination; and finally a “Ist” and a “2nd” Lot of Fortune. With these points the following data are associated : House Exalt. Depr. Terms Jel x 15 24 Q A me ils to) fe) M m 8 fe) fe) g Q IMC x 8 2 2 ) a Wye dy ose Ie vs 19 b é 2 2 Zodmloerotrle ijl ¢ 26 3} Q In the case of the setting point (3% 15) the terms are erroneously given as of Mercury instead of Venus. The astrologer thus overlooked the peculiar accident that all six points fall in the terms of Venus. How the two “Lots of Fortune’’ are computed is not clear.® The first one lies 34° beyond the Horoscopos, the second one 26° beyond the setting point. Neither one of these numbers equals the elongation of 50° of the moon from the sun. Cf. Bouché-Leclercq p. 293 note 1 who considers the possibility that the astrologer who had cast this horoscope “ prétend avoir fait des calculs auxquels il n’entendait rien.” If one takes, how- ever, the “ Lots” as equivalent with the “ Loci” then “For similar instances cf. the commentary to No. 46 (p. 20). ° Cf. Bouché-Leclercq AG p. 281. Vettius Valens IX,2 (p. 335, 11 Kroll) says: 7d ¢’ yauoorédos THs yevéoews .... TéTos. °Cumont [9] p. 79 note 2 assumes that these two “ Lots” represent daduwy and riyn respectively. 42 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Nos. 137a, b, and c v3 19 falls in the Locus of “ Possession” or “ Gain” and 25 11 in the Locus of Marriage. For a possible identification of “ Lots” and “ Topoi” cf. No. 95. Venus is the ruler of the nativity since she is in the same sign with the sun’ in the Horoscopos. TRANSCRIPTION OF NO. 137C (Louvre 2342 bis) @ eS ai exta Ge[ ou] ckeWapevoc amo tod\Awy BiBAwv wc TapedoOy new amo copwv apxaiwy Tovtecti xaAdatkov Kat [x | erocupic padicta de Kar o BaciAeve vexeve n WCTEP Kal GVTOL CUVYOpPEvCaY amo TOV KUPLOY NOV Eppov Kat ackAnmwov o ect iovfov woc npyctov Kata Tov dofevTa por xpovoy ert a (erovc) avtwvwov KaLCAapoC TOV KUPLOU pynvoc adpia[v] ov n Sens SSHON AE ENS kata Tov nAAnvev Kata Se Tove avyvTTLOUC 10. rut mm wpac & THC nwepac 11. Oeov nA[voly WypacOyc Kata ryv ehaxieTHV peyeBov 12. rlax...]e evpeOy Cw8w troory poipov 1S 13. re[rrov t| ne eEnxovradoc de o ectw [pe] p[oc | 14. [poipac] np[tc]e Sdexaroy ow d10¢ tpryo[ve | 15. [80c peyiero | Splo]yo culvava|rerAerar de avtw Willey 402... 0> 70 ee Jo Ka poupa o ect[w] Weel oce as... +0 Goes | po ev Tw ovpave [ice | hemp Pas bo 5... ec |ro Bers er| ES on oe eet |zo avyokep [wo PAUP IN oe ee oie 6 er oe ]xepepu . [ PA (Ee ic oo LE ee |rAaroc c| 1,1 emra Oe[ov] : this obvious restoration was made by Seyffarth (Beitr. 4 p. 212, 1833) on the basis of the facsimile in Young, Hierogl. I1 pl. 52, which still shows a better stage of preserva- tion; at present only em7[ is left. Cf. also Boll, SCP p. 238 and Lauth [2] p. 96. Brunet de Presle in the edition of 1865 gives “en alyabw] ?” 1,14 to 26: Wilcken, Ostr. I p. 792 note 2 assumed that the fragment which begins with ovkw dioc in line 14 is incorrectly placed because of disagreement on the verso. Contexts as well as fibers and coloring, however, leave no doubt that Wilcken was wrong except for a very minor adjustment of the lower fragment toward the right by about the space of one letter. On the verso the main text ends on line 11 whereas the fragment shows the endings of a few lines of entries made further to the left. 1,15 dp[o]uw: traces of 6 certain, p also read by Wessely though both letters were ignored in the facsimile in Notices et Extraits. Thus there is very little doubt that one had to read dp[..]uw but the space between p and uw would rather suggest two missing letters. 118 to 21: A loose fragment is incorrectly mounted here instead of in front of lines 23 to 26. This was not recognized by Wessely in his transcription Mit. P. Erzh. Rainer 2,3 p. 6 and concerns the letters which he read »8, av, and vx in lines 17 to 20. The correct position is still shown on pl. XIX (frag- ment d) of Notices et Extraits 18,2. 7 Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 406 note 2. 222. | su die Ome eae See Tee ee ee elv £08 [cJ]o[ 23. atta te tele eee JAB xr 2A: | Poe alee ane Oe owe re ee ] Aaa 25. [5 AOR ae ee |v. .vovl 26! 2] ses eRe Mak Ree ] [ Col. 1] Detached fragment : iM gawol[v... LSet io ee ] re 020 eee Zs, Covn| bts, 2. . |Broc Kaw tvx[n .-- 3. xata[.... 3. ...]. avaven repole . 4. powpac | . see 4, .. Jaurn move to be [... oa HEpoc Bcc: 5, . Jera eay Tic avrov | en 6. epyov| eM 6. . | repov e eracBac pl... 7.[a|crepec[ 2.5 7 .. jovras ergeas. | s=- 8. crnpiy|po .. 8. ..t]ov yovewy K[... 9. avateA[AeTa .... 9. ...ty]e ruxne Buov ree 10. "acre. [ee 10? 3. ee Li porpe | v Bupa 0 12. dpop[o yee 1S: Aer | Tov Ce 14. amot| . aon 11,4: This line was omitted by Wessely. Detached fragment: This fragment (called c in Notices et Extrats 18,2 P. XIX) is now broken in two, the parts being mounted separately. The facsimile shows occasionally more than is now preserved. In line 1 one might perhaps restore: ro de um [oyevov. 7 TRANSLATION OF NO. 137¢ iL The seven gods 2. After examination of many books as it has been handed down 3. to us from ancient wise men, that is the Chaldeans, 4. and Petosiris and especially also King Necheus 5. just as they themselves took counsel from our lord 6. Hermes and Asclepius, that is Imouthes, son of Hephaestus. 7. For the time given to me, in the Ist (year) of Antoninus 8. Caesar the Lord, month Hadrian 9. according to the Greeks, and according to the Egyptians 10. Tybi [1]8, 1st hour of the day. 11. The divine sun calculated according to the lowest and the greatest 12. [of velocity] was found in the sign Sagittarius, 16 degrees 13. 35 parts of sixty, which is the 14. half (and) twelfth [part of a degree], house of Jupiter, triangle 15. [of Jupiter, greatest] mo[tion]. There rises simul- taneously with it For the continuation see the commentary. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Nos. 137a, b, and c 43 COMMENTARY TO NO. 137c Though the data and the hour of this horoscope are exactly the same as in Nos. 137a and b we find for the sun a different longitude. In Nos. 137a and b the sun was said tobe in # 13;23 whereas we findnow 7 16;35. In lines 11 and 12 we are told that the sun was com- puted according to the method of smallest and greatest (?) velocity (?) which perhaps means a method based on a linear zigzag function * and not on an epicyclic or eccentric model. Perhaps in line 15 was mentioned the “ Tereatest| velocity,” which would be close to the fact because the solar perigee lies in Sagittarius. The remaining parts are too badly preserved for a consistent translation. It is interesting to see that “ Syn- anatellonta ”’ are mentioned,’ that is simultaneously rising stars. No other horoscope is known which mentions this doctrine. In I,16 one can perhaps restore ev tw avtw Cwdi]o Kau powpa ‘‘ in the same zodiacal sign] and degree ”’ followed by “that is [# 16;35].” If our restoration ovpave[icKw (line 17) is correct then the constellation “ southern crown” would be meant which according to Geminus (Isag. III, 11 Manitius p. 40, 17f.) is also called ovpavioxos (similarly Schol. 400 to Aratus, Maass p. 418, 7). It also occurs in Teucros (Boll, Sphaera, p. 263). It must be admitted, however, that a reading ovpavw| is not excluded. In line 18 the “arrow” of Sagittarius seems to be mentioned. Lines 19 and 20 contain the words “ capri- corn” and “ winter [solstice] ’’ and probably indicate the fact that the sun is approaching the winter solstice in Capricorn. In line 21 we read “latitude” while in line 22 a “ zodiacal sign” is mentioned; in line 23 a number 32 [minutes] occurs, perhaps followed by «w[.... ‘ mo- tion.” All this points to the description of the motion of the moon. The two As in line 24 belong perhaps to “ synanatellonta.”’ Column II begins with “ Phainon,” that is Saturn. “Degree” and “part” in lines 4 and 5 respectively point to a description of the longitude in degrees and fractions of a degree (cf. 1,12 to 14) followed in the next line by “ [terms] of Mercury” (cf. No. 137a and b). The “stars” in line 7 should again be “ synana- tellonta.” In lines 8 to 10 we find a “station”? men- tioned, then again ‘ , a, ‘anatellonta”’ and “ stars.” Thus it is plausible to assume here a description of Jupiter’s position. The “degrees”? and ‘“ motion” in lines 11 and 12 may concern Mars, the “ minutes” in line 13 Venus. The fragment mentions Tyche twice and seems con- 8 Cf. the cen mpccOec.c Kar adapeccc “constant increase and decrease” in P. Mich. 149, XVII 24/25. ® For this concept cf. Boll, Sphaera, p. 75 ff. or Gundel,. Art. “ Paranatellonta”” in RE 18,3 cols. 1214-1275. cerned with general predictions or doctrine. For ‘“ As- clepius, that is Imouthes, son of Hephaestus” cf. Edelstein, Asclepius-1; Text 331, Il p. 252. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES We are dealing here with three papyri: No. 137a: P. Par. 19 = Louvre N 2342 IN@, IsVine IP. ibs ile No. 137c: P. Par. 19 bis = Louvre 2342 bis; variant duplicates The extensive literature on these texts is made particu- larly difficult to follow since the numbers 19 and 19 bis were interchanged by several authors. No. 137a. Young, Hierogl. II Pl. 52 (1828) gives a facsimile which still shows several passages now de- stroyed. The present state is shown in the facsimile on pl. 22 of the Notices et Extraits 18,2 (Planches) while a transcription by Brunet de Presle was given on p. 237 f. of the corresponding text volume (1865). The text comes supposedly from Thebes ?° and was purchased in Livorno with the Salt collection by the Louvre in 1826. The date of the horoscope was verified in an anonymous note published in the Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and Art, January to June 1830 p. 353f. Then, based on Young’s facsimile, Seyffarth Beitr. 4 p. 231 ff. gave a transcription of the Greek text, a Latin translation and commentary. Seyffarth apparently assumed that No. 137a represented col. II and III of No. 137ce of which he knew only the main part of column I from Young. The Greek text and a French translation by Champollion-Figeac !? was given in C. L. E. Panckoucke, Bibliothéque Latin-Francaise vol. 31 p. 380-385 as an appendix to Cicero’s De divina- tione (edited by DeGolbéry) .8 The date of the horoscope was misread by Franz C/G 3 p. 375 (1853), then discussed by Browne [1] (1855), by Hincks [1] (1865) and finally in detail by Schram in Mu. P. Erzh. Rainer 2/3 (1887) p. 37 to 40, fol- lowing a short note by Wessely on p. 5 in the same volume, where Wessely seems to have been the first one to confuse the numbers 19 and 19 bis of P. Par., in which mistake he is then followed by Wilcken, Ost. WO gre ASH The first and last lines of this horoscope are also cited in CCAG 8,4 (p. 96) as No. 121 B but with a wrong reading a’ for e at the end of line one and giving an incorrect date (138 instead of 137). No. 137b. The Greek text of this horoscope was first * Young, Hierogl. II pl. 52. The anonymous article, quoted below, has, however, the title “ Astrological MS. from Saccara.” ~ Brunet de Presle in P. Par. p. 235. “With slight variations repeated in Champollion-Fig.. Eg. pe LOM ** We have only seen the edition of 1840 which is said to repeat the first edition of 1837. 44 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Nos. 137a, b, and c—No. 138/161 given by Wessely ** [1] p. 152 f. (1888) though with- out making use of the duplicate No. 137a, as was done by Kenyon in P. Lond. 110 (1893).*° This horoscope is often quoted, e.g. by Macnaughton, SEC p. 333. A photographic reproduction is given in the volume of British Museum Facsimiles pl. 75 {. A photograph of col. III is given by Roberts, GLH PI. 18. No. 137c. This text belonged to the same collection as No. 137a and was published simultaneously with it by Young, Hierogl. II Pl. 52, though without the frag- ments of column I and II which were added by Brunet de Presle on Pl. 19 of the Notices et Extraits 18,2. The corresponding transcription (p. 236), however, again ignores the fragments. A transcription and Latin translation of the first 14 lines is contained in Seyffarth, Beitr. 4 p. 212, combined with No. 137a. More than fifty years elapsed before a transcription was published which also included the fragments. This was done by Wessely [1] p.5 f. (1887), who, however, erroneously called the text “ Papyrus XIX.” Wilcken, Ostr. I p. 792 refers to this horoscope as P. Paris. 19 in his text but as P. Paris. 19 bis in the notes. Concerning the two horoscopes Nos. 137a and c, the appendix to Cicero, De Divinatione in the Bibl. Lat.- Franc. vol. 311° p. 379 says “ tapportés d’Egypte par Champollion le Jeune, expliqués par MM. Champollion- Figeac et de Golbéry.” Then follows a transcription ** and translation of the main part of column I and com- ments (p. 380-388). In CCAG 8,4 p. 95 the horoscope No. 137c is listed as No. 121,A. The beginning lines have been quoted repeatedly with more or less accuracy in reproducing the actual spellings or readings, e.g. Lauth [2] p. 96 (lines 2 to 10) or Riess [1] p. 331 (lines 2 to 6= Testim. 6). No. 138/161 P. Princeton 75 TRANSCRIPTION Preceding column (or columns) lost [ poipwv | Ka oLKW Kpovov opLo.c adpodetnc [o k|Anpoc THe TYyNC evpeOn KApPKLVW MOLPOV LY OLKW CE [Anvye opto | uc EpjLov OVTOC CHpalvEL METPOV THC TUXNC lo KA|npoc o Tov datmovoc evpeOn aryoyEepw (Lolpov BRwWwNe eG KC O“KO 14 Previously mentioned by Wessely, Mit. P. Erzh. Rainer 2/3 (188) p. 6. Also: Catalogue of additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the years 1854-(1875). Vol. 2 p. 833f. (1877). 15 The date is given incorrectly as a.v. 138. 46 Cf. above p. 43. 17 Also Lauth [2] p. 96 (1875); Boll, SCP p. 238 (1894) ; Festugiére, Rev. p. 430 and p. 126 (1950) ete. 5. [kpovov optorc apew|c ovroc cxypaiver tov mept bove Kat aywync Tpomov G. [o KAnpoc e|pwroc evpeOn tavpw poipwv 8 01K Kat Oploic a 7. |[dpodernce ovroc cnpaw |e Tov rept pidtac Kat CvcTacEwc 8 [o KkAnpoc] tne avayKyc evpeOn Kpiw poipwv S otk apewc 9, [ optoce doc ov | roc CHPALVEL TOV TeEpt exxOpov Kal TavTOOaTrOU 10. [8vctvynualroc ..0 Te aac rept Tov o1KodecTro 11: [rov tov] actepwv Wyhov emkpatowtac mavtwv de 12. SS. eee ener: | Kae acTEepwy TOV TOV Epmov acTEepa €CXNKOTO, 133.9) oo ee [oar ea locxo[.] ro tyc ouKodecroteac __ BpaBeov ecxara LA ee renee [Seder pyvac if pel ove mapyde Tov cwwrtiKov 15. [kAtwaxr | npcxov opov Kal YEWETaL 7 VTOCTACLC amo TOU OLKOOE 16. [ezorov | second hand: 17, [yevecic 0] fedrdov | (erove) . . | avtwvwov [x]arcapoc TOU KUpLoV [ec 7) wpac Cw [xr ]oc du [evrvy | eu 13,0 ask ee ]roe ¢ 7 gidcac: the editors read Oecewc. For gta and oteracis see Vettius Valens p. 42, 15/16. 9 mayrodarov: the editors read mayro[c] aw Oov. 9 [opiove doc: since {6 is the boundary between the terms of 2f and @ (in this order) one might restore the name of either one of these planets; cf. the commentary to No. 46. The available space favors the shorter word. 10 w te arac: the editors read ééere rap. 14 of: or wy? TRANSLATION eee in Capricorn | 1. 21 [degrees], house of Saturn, terms of Venus. 2. [The] lot of Fortune was found in Cancer, 13 degrees, house of the m- 3. [oon], terms of Mercury; this (lot) indicates the measure of fortune. 4. [The] lot of Daimon was found in Capricorn, 27 degrees, house of 5. [Saturn, terms of Mars;] this (lot) indicates the way of life, as regards character and conduct. 6. [The lot] of Eros was found in Taurus, 4 degrees, house and terms of V- 7. [enus; this (lot) indicates] the [place(?)] regard- ing friendship and association. 8. [The lot of] Necessity was found in Aries, 6 de- grees, house of Mars, Y.. [ternsso8 Sa os ;] this (lot) indicates the [place ( ?) } regarding enemies and every kind of 10. [mistortune.| And then the whole: | zeae ] re- garding the rul[ing] of the nativity 11. [by those] of the stars which have prevailing in- fluence and of all ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 138/161 — No. 139 45 12. [the five(?)] stars; the star of Mercury which had SRD eieEs ee cee Mare wists «5 | control of rulership last LA glee Spee aje. aaee Rap atanats ] beware 17(?) months after which it has passed the baneful 15. climactic term and there comes the promise from the ruler of the nati- 16. [vity.] Good luck! 17, [Nativity of O]phellios, [year . Caesar the Lord, LO Goce a oe oe [e280 [2087.6 7th hour of night. .| of Antoninus COMMENTARY The first preserved line assigns a 21st degree to the house of Saturn and the terms of Venus. The houses of Saturn are Capricorn and Aquarius. In the first case the terms of Venus extend from 14° to 22°, in the second from 7° to 13°. Hence we can only restore [Capricorn] 21. We furthermore find that the four “Lots” are symmetrically located with respect to the pom 7 20°: CG 20 283° V9 27 = © 20 — 83° 6 = 720 Bee Ge (020 14" Lot of Fortune: Lot of Daimon: icoton Eros: Lot of Necessity: Se Consequently it is plausible to consider 20 either as the Horoscopos or as the setting point. In the second case the Horoscopos would be ~ 20. In order to dis- tinguish between these two possibilities we compute the culminating points (for the latitude of Alexandria). The result is: li H = 7 20° fee = 20 - ee then M == ©, 12:24 IMC y9'21 324 This shows that only the second assumption explains the number “ [V3]21”’ with which our text begins. Thus == 20 is the Horoscopos. According to the final line, which was added by another hand, the hour of the birth was the 7th hour of night; therefore the sun must be located not more than about 15° beyond lower culmination. Thus we obtain at least V9 6 for the longitude of the sun. Un- fortunately we do not know, however, which part of the 7th hour is referred to and we must therefore con- sider a range of about 15° for the solar longitude. Con- sequently, we can conclude that the date of our text falls between December 27 and January 11 in the Julian calendar or Tybi (V) 1 to 16 in the Alexandrian calen- dar. During the reign of Antoninus the corresponding Egyptian dates would range between Mekheir (VI) 11 and Phamenoth (VII) 2. In line 18 the best reading seems to be “...].. 6 [to 7|.” As the above discussion shows, the Egyptian dates do not include the days 6 or 7. In the Alexandrian then M—v312;49 IMC=& 12:49 calendar, however, we would have Tybi 6 to 7 at our disposal. Unfortunately this does not explain the traces |roc which precede the day number. There exist additional relations between the four “Lots ” mentioned in our text.. Let Ap to Ay denote the longitudes of the Lots of Fortune, Daimon, Eros, and Necessity respectively. Then one finds for Aq = =~ 20 = 7 200 the following relations satisfied Ay = An + (Ap — Ap) = 200 — 194 = 7 6 and Ap = Aq — 97 = 103 = & 13 Ne a, 29 / —— V9 27 where the 97° can be interpreted as the elongation be- tween sun and moon. Similar relations seem to hold in No. 338. The advice of line 14 “ beware 17(?) months” might mean that the person for whom the horoscope has been cast will have passed a critical age; otherwise one might think of Saturn having left a critical zodiacal sign. No. 139 P. Oxy. 596, Col. II (Photo: Roberts GLA-Pl. 16) TRANSCRIPTION 8B avtwviwov k[atcapoc | TOV KOpLOU pap.[ evo | yas €LC & wpac 8 v[v«toc | nAvoc xPver [ ceAnvn didvf pore | Kpovoc eppnc | vdpoxo" apn c feve Tavpo [ [wpock]o[r]loc | SoS Sa ee NU TRANSLATION i. (Year) Zot Antoninus C/laesar| 2. the Lord. Pham[enoth (from) ] 3. 30 to 1; 4th hour of the n[ight] a. sui mi Pisces~ 5... | 2. moonmuin, Gemini, .; 6. Saturn (and) Mercury [... 7. soeAquarius, Mars [in /.. | & jupiter in’ Taurus |... OF WA CTOSeOpOs.:| cea. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 2 As far as preserved the papyrus shows a blank space at the left in the width of about a third of a column; then the text of No. 149 follows and after it, in the 46 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 139 next column, the horoscope No. 139. Possibly No. 139 was written first (but by the same hand as No. 149) since line 5 of No. 149 was too short to write the word ixx9vcr in a straight line, thus forcing the scribe to bend his line down and to raise the last two letters in small script above the v. Both horoscopes are dated, the one in the left hand column to Antoninus 13 Mekheir 8/9, the other one to Antoninus 2 Phamenoth 30/1. ‘“ Antoninus” would naturally be interpreted as Antoninus Pius. This would lead to the dates 149 December 21 and 139 February 14, respectively. Since, however, the agreement with modern computation is rather poor, we have not only investi- gated the possibility of the use of the Egyptian and of the Alexandrian calendar, but also the case that “ Anto- ninus ” could mean Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. The result is that the smallest number of disagreements is reached if we interpret the horoscope in the left column as referring to Marcus Aurelius 13 Alexandrian Mekheir 8 (= 173 February 2) and the second one (column IT) to Antoninus Pius 2 Egyptian Phamenoth 30 (= 139 February 14). However, the shift of meaning of “ Anto- ninus’’ combined with a shift in calendaric notation makes this solution very implausible, not to mention the time interval of 34 years. Therefore we interpret Antoninus 13 as A.p. 149. The numerical data for the present horoscope (column II) are as follows: Text Antoninus Pius 2 Marcus Aurelius 2 Phamenoth Eg. cal. Alexscal:: Eg. cal. Alexzcal: 30/1 139 Feb. 14 Mar. 25 162 Feb. 8 Mar. 26 © x Ke ZG Pr5¢ ee LOG) r 4 (3) (eee vs (1!) otal) BC!) vs (!) a wees Pee eral m (!!) 7 -CD) of beg 10(!) = yh GP) Sais [m 18] [* 4] [v3] [27] [2ni. 8S 8 18 8 24 TGs) 8 Os Vale oS Ge noes e075 The case of 139 February 14 shows the smallest num- ber of discrepancies, but the moon is entirely wrong and it is also suspicious that the Egyptian calendar should have been used without explicitly saying so.” Complete agreement between the preserved text of No. 139 and computation would be obtained if one could interpret the date “ Phamenoth (VII) 30 to 1” as meaning “ Mekheir (VI) 30/Phamenoth 1.” By a peculiar accident exactly the same phrase ‘* Phamenoth 30 to the Ist” occurs in the Almagest.* There, as all interpreters since Petavius have realized, it is necessary, because of the astronomical data, to emend Ptolemy’s date to “ Mekheir 30/Phamenoth 1.” This coincidence suggests that we have here a specific terminology for dates which involve two different month names, but we have no additional evidence to support or to disprove such a hypothesis.* Whatever the case may be, the date Antoninus Pius +Tt is easy to see that the dates of other rulers of the Antonine house are a priori excluded by the positions of 2{ and hk. Cpa loos * Heiberg II p. 265,16: BawervO ’ eis hv a’. * Cf. perhaps No. 184 (below p. 51) where no irregularity appears in the counting of a last day of a year. 2 Alexandrian calendar Mekheir (VI) 30/Phamenoth (VII) 1139 February 24 10 p.m. leads to the fol- lowing comparison: ° Text Computed HOOK A is) Ss) The only objection one can raise against this emenda- tion (or interpretation) of the given date consists in the fact that the other horoscope of the same text also shows serious discrepancies between text and computa- tion without any corresponding emendation which would eliminate these differences. The interpretation of the traces in line 8 as eve is supported by computation. Venus seems to have been omitted unless we assume mention in line 6 after Mer- cury. However, this would place the planet in < in contradiction to computation in all cases. ° Venus would be in V3 30. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 145—No. 150 47 No. 145 P. Hamb. 96 TRANSCRIPTION 1. oydoov avtwvevov 2. appovti Kat apxaove iS; i) wpa TPlT7 VUKTOC Z apxawve: writing cramped toward the end, the final c coming very close to the edge of the papyrus. Consequently the present edge of the papyrus seems to be the original one and the restoration of a double day number cy eu 1 seems to be excluded though it is the rule for an hour of night. TRANSLATION 1. Eighth (year) of Antoninus 2. Pharmouthi according to the ancients, 3. 14, third hour of the night. COMMENTARY Faint traces of erased writings suggest interpreting the above lines as the beginning of a horoscope for 145 February 25. No. 149 P. Oxy. 596, Col. I (Photo: Roberts GLH pl. 16) TRANSCRIPTION ‘y aVTMVLVOU KaLcapoc pexeip - 9+ etc O wpac €+ VUKTOC - nAvoc eppnc appoditn avyoxepo ceAnvn tx [A] v™ Kpovoc Ceve Kplw - apyc TogoTn - wpockorroc Cvyw: Se ES oad TRANSLATION 1. (Year) 13 of Antoninus Caesar 2. Mekheir 8 to 9. 5th hour of the night. Sun, Mercury, (and) Venus in Capricorn. Moon in Pisces. Saturn (and) Jupiter in Aries. Mars in Sagittarius OO SONS eae Horoscopos in Libra. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 2 This horoscope is written in the column which pre- cedes the horoscope No. 139. The problem of interpre- tation of “ Antoninus”’ and that of the calendar date are discussed in the commentary to No. 139 (cf. p. 46). The table given at the bottom of this page shows the comparison of the text with the figures in the four possi- bilities under consideration. The position in Aries of both Saturn and Jupiter is satisfied for 173/174 and therefore again around 113/114 but certainly not in the intermediate sixty years which contain the reign of Antoninus Pius. No. 150 P. Oslo 6 TRANSCRIPTION yevecic dirone LY (erove) avtwvwvol[v] Ka.capoc Tov Kupiov dape? te ele 1S wpac 8 vuKToc yAloc ev txPucr eve epunc ev Kpiw [kpov | oc ev KapKivw apyc A€ov™ appod ceAnvy vdpy| xo] WpocKoTrEeL CKwp’ NOUR WN SS 7 The editors read: wpockwmoc cxwpr(.0c). TRANSLATION 1. Nativity of Philoe. Year 13 of Antoninus Caesar the Lord. Phamenoth 15 3. to 16, 4th hour of the night, sun in Antoninus Pius 13 Marcus Aurelius 13 plex Eg. cal. Alex. cal. Eg. cal. Alex. cal. Mekheir 8/9 149 Dec. 21 150 Feb. 2 1/2 Dec. 15) (1/3-eb.24 © va; 0° 7513 (Ct) m 22(!) mee 14a Nt) Cae Vs x 6(!) aes) VS W323 Q Miaoke) vs Cl) NS HED) € PAS ee 18) mR (!!) B2 OH) € 20 b Le % 12(!!) ee N) ‘3 se) 24 Pelz, 7 eect) oO é om Cecil) C11) m (!) ma 8 H seh 1 No. L173 is one day later. 48 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 150—No. 171 Pisces, Jupiter and Mercury in Aries, Saturn in Cancer, Mars in Leo, Venus (and) moon in Aquarius. Scorpio is the Horoscopos ON ON COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 2 This horoscope was first published in a preliminary form in Pap. Osloenses I p. 21 and a corrected reading in P. Osloenses II p. 146-151 (with photo on pl. 1) where Poul Heegaard explained the method by which one arrives at the date of a text of this type. He found complete agreement between text and computation with exception only of the moon which is in the second half of Capricorn instead of Aquarius. For 150 March 11 which is the equivalent of Pha- menoth 15 of the Alexandrian calendar one obtains Text Computed OQ xX 3 20 2 ie 40) 7 or ~ 4 b 25 as) 3 SU Sy c) Poet ANG: € i ys 19(!) (ely about 10 p.m. The position of the moon would be correct one day later." BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE This horoscope has been incorporated in the “ Select Papyri” by Hunt and Edgar (vol. I p. 44). The Greek text reproduces the final readings from Pap. Osloenses II p. 151 whereas the translation is based on the pre- liminary text from Pap. Osloenses I p. 21, adding the error “ 10th year” (instead of 13th year) but giving the correct date a.p. 150. A free translation is given in Winter, LLP p. 263. Macnaughton, SEC p. 331 note * also discusses the date of this horoscope. No. 161 P. Fay. 139, verso TRANSCRIPTION apmokpatiov | a (erove) avtwvwov [Kar] eee ELE ST hh ceBactwv Ka eAnvac pecopy € wpa € npepa kata 8€ Tove apxatove buf ts oS CS *Use of the Egyptian calendar would lead to a position of the moon in ¢., thus to total disagreement. TRANSLATION Harpocration [ou ..; Year 1 of Antoninus [and] Verus, the Lords Augusti; according to the Greeks Mesore 5, 7(th) hour (of the) day, according to the old (calendar) Thoth 16 Ca COMMENTARY The date XII(a) 5—I(e) 16 corresponds to 161 July 29. The text is written near the upper edge of the verso of a large sheet, the lower part of which was left blank. Bundles of fibres from the recto of the papyrus show that the sheet extended to the left. Thus it is possible that our text is the end of a horoscope, the main part of which is lost with the preceding column. ~The text was found in Qasr el Banat in the Faiyim.t Its date is also discussed by Macnaughton, SEC p. 333. No. 171 P. Harris 52 TRANSCRIPTION Beginning destroyed [3 cheese mpo 6 KaAavouy | [pat|wv xorvAa [. | TNC [vexroc | [kpo]voc exOver Leve vd[po] [ yoo | nAcc epunc Kp ce|Anvy| [apo] 8irn icyver wpa [...... | Ca TRANSLATION 1 [ee eee 14 days before the calends of] 2. [Mal]y, [..] cotyla of the [night]. 3. Saturn in Pisces, Jupiter in Aqua- 4. rius, sun (and) Mercury in Aries, moon 5. (and) Venus in Pisces. Horoscopos [..... J COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 2 Between the first and the sixth century there is only the year a.p. 171 which gives agreement between the data of the text and our computation. One finds for 171 April 18 Text Computed iP) one % 23 2 ae eS) © Ge 27 r eat 7° 11 € ee cscs ~ 7(1) * Cairo, Cat. gén. X p. 102 No. 10812. 4 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 171—No. 177 49 The discrepancy in the case of Venus is probably due to an inaccuracy in the ancient computation. Mars is omitted; 1 the arrangement of the planets is unusual. The beginning of the text is unfortunately destroyed. We assume that the first preserved line refers to a num- ber of “ cotylai’”’ of water (one cotyle is about 0.2 liter *) which measured the time by means of a water clock. The use of these units of capacity in connection with water clocks is attested from Theophrastus by Athenaeus.* The editor of P. Harris, J. E. Powell, assumed for this and for No. 245 a date in the fourth century. It seems to us, however, that the style of writing is not incompatible with the astronomically determined date in the late second century. Cf. Schubart, Pal. p. 66 ff. and Pap. Graec. Berol. plate 26 ff. No. 176 Dura, Graffito in Private House Dura, Rep. II p. 161 ff. and pl. 51 (photograph and copy) and Johnson [1] p. 76f. Above diagram: éxv rav 0 oe) Diagram: crude circle, with horizon and meridian as diameters. Beginning with the left endpoint of the horizon (= H) we read x6 mapO Kpe cuy Tav Rear | paw 810 TOE kKapk pae[ ae ay Aewv hocd criAP mv [vd] p Because @ and % are in $v the sun must have been mentioned after 2f in %5, since no other space is availa- ble for a restoration near xapx. Finally the moon must have been placed either in M or in &. On this basis D. Brouwer gave the following alternatives: 176 July 3 to 5 if moon in mM July 10 to 12 if moon in &. J. Johnson decided for the first possibility because the date above the diagram No. 171 + Computation: end of Sagittarius. Cf. RE 11, 15464. 3 Cf. C. P. Schmidt, EAW p. 90, X. No. 176 +The photograph clearly shows that J. Johnson’s reading is correct, whereas SEG 7 No. 364 adopted kapxi, which is in itself an unlikely abbreviation. (Seleucid Era) 487 (= a.p. 175/6) Panemos 9 ? excludes the second date. The nearest conjunction was June 24 about 10 a.m.; assuming that Panemos 1 began on June 25 at sunset, about 33 hours after conjunction one finds that Panemos 9 began at sunset of July 3. Since the sun was in 95 and IMC = yf the hour was about 10 p.m. Computation for this date shows that the conditions of the horoscope can be satisfied for three consecutive days; the results for the middle one, July 4, are as follows (cf. the diagram on pl. 2): Text Computed Ang m 4 Me is a, e@ Gu , dul om srs) i cil SU 4 Cy SL Q & [« m] m 15 Counting backwards from Panemos, approximately July 176, one finds that the preceding Hyperberetaios began after the conjunction of 175 October 2. This is in perfect agreement with the calendar still in use in Dura at the time of the horoscope of 219 January 9 (cf. below p. 55). No. 177 P. Oslo 164 TRANSCRIPTION yevecic mpwtapxov [ iC (erovc) pappovds n [ec 8 wpac .. tc] vuktoc Kpovoc e[y 8] du[ uJ o[uc | fe[ve wpoc] se LS Korroc Aeovtt apy|c at] yoxepo a[ ppodiry | D: epunc nic ev v[dpoxow 3 the editors read after kpovoc: c[k]op[r]w ...[. 4 editors; T] ofory ad[poditn. TRANSLATION Nativity of Protarchos [........ (year) 17, Pharmouthi 8 [to 9, ... hour of the] night. Saturn in [Gem]ini, [Jupiter (and) Horos-] copos in Leo, Mar|[s in Capri]co[rn], V[enus, ] Mercury (and) sun in A[quarius .... Sie ee) ele: COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 Before discussing the date of this horoscope we first have to explain the restoration of eve in line 3. Without this we would have the arrangement Datei wee Lioroscopesin. 6.5 9 6 im V9 * The two letters(?) below the date are probably not numbers. 50 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 177—No. 184 which would follow neither planetary nor zodiacal order beginning with the Horoscopos. Furthermore Jupiter would have been omitted or, at best, mentioned in the last place. If, however, we restore “ [Jupiter and] Horoscopos in $U”’ we obtain the ordinary planetary arrangement with the often attested modification of combining all data concerning the same zodiacal sign. Heegaard, in discussing this horoscope in Symb. Osl. 15/16 p. 100 objected to the combination of an hour of the night with Leo as rising sign for the month Pharmouthi (VIII) because the sun would then be in Aries and thus above the horizon. This argument, how- ever, is only correct for the Alexandrian calendar. In the Egyptian calendar Pharmouthi corresponds to a solar longitude of 3/ in A.p. 100, to <”/3 in a.v. 200 and to v8/" in A.p. 300. Consequently the’ date of our horoscope may fall anywhere after about a.p. 100. It must be admitted, however, that a month name, without further specification, normally is to be understood as referring to the Alexandrian calendar.* The preserved year number 17 limits us to a date before Diocletian because, after 284, without exception, all horoscopes on papyrus give their date in the Dio- cletian era, the name Diocletian following the year number. And even if this text were an exception, the year Diocletian 17 is astronomically impossible, as can be shown by computation. Now the year number 17 can be utilized. For the period in question only Antoninus Pius, Marcus Au- relius, and Severus are possible. The corresponding dates for Pharmouthi (VIII) 8 of the Egyptian calen- dar are + 154 February 18 with » in S& 2 in mm +177 February 12 pig “ab + 209 February 14 ares 1: the first and third of which are excluded by the given positions. For + 177 February 12 one finds Tex Computed R a Te 43 [2e] Sane Le as about 7 P.M $ V3 vs 20 2 Oe ake Si Bee %* 10(!) © ier 24 in good agreement with the text except for Mercury. “(Gifs ios Nees No. 182 P. Mich. Inv. 6329 (unpublished) — Photo: plot Beginning destroyed . Geve ayoyepw p.(orpwv ) [ apewc [A] eovrs p.(ovpov) [ appodityc ayoyepw | epyne txOve p(oipwv) [ nAtoc vyOuc i: (opr) [ ceAnvyn vxOve p(orpor) [ d ayoyepo (opr ) [ KAnpove tvxnc | ONAN RON EVUTUKX7AL TRANSLATION Jupiter in Capricorn [....] degrees Mars in.Leo [....] degrees Venus in Capricorn [..,.] degrees Mercury in Pisces [....] degrees Sun in Pisces [....] degrees moon in Pisces [....] degrees Horoscopos in Capricorn [....] degrees Lot of Fortune’ [2a ] Farewell SOS SO SINS COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 The date of this horoscope (from Karanis in the Faiytim) is found to be 182 February 20 to 22. The date could be determined exactly if the degrees of the moon were preserved. The hour must be about three hours before sunrise. The positions are for February 21: Text Computed AO Vey Von og El SUeZZ MES vs 16 BS 3 x 4 @y ox x% 2 (Cons *% 14 H vs about 3 A.M. No. 184 P. Mich. 152 TRANSCRIPTION 1. (erove) xd exayo/ € rnc 2. ec THv & veou €TOUC 3. wpa 7 vuKtoc 4. nrc rap6[ev]o 4 mndtc: not nAvoc as given in the edition. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 184—No. 190 Bil Kpovoc maplevw eppnc trapbevw Ce[uc] Kpeww adp | 0d | er Cvyw . ceAnvn CKopTi emainder destroyed a SO CO MCR TRANSLATION Year 24, epagomene 5 to the first of the new year, 8th hour of the night sun in Virgo Saturn in Virgo Mercury in Virgo Jupiter in Aries Venus in Libra moon in Scorpio ROT OOT SEO ON ae oa COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 As the editors have remarked, the year is the 24th year of Commodus, the last day of the Alexandrian year, corresponding to 184 August 28. The computed posi- tions confirm the data of the text: * ‘Lext Computed ADR aT Sbh3adea S3> 3282 No. 187 P. Aberd. 13 TRANSCRIPTION et[ovc eixoce] ext|a wpa 8 ty | np[epac pecopy S| ka[6] eAAnvev kata be [aliyyrr[o]y (erove) Kn bu) ky kpo[vloc ev fu| yo] Cevc ev ap [Kt] vou, apn[c] ev kapx[wve | 10. af[po]sern [ely d[eovre] ih Eppinc ve deo[ v7] 12. Arc ve deov| 7] 13. cednvy ve d0€[ orn | 14. wpo[e]xoroc f[vyo] SULTS BOTS ie att Bs 1 Also in the case of Saturn, contrary to the statements made in the edition. TRANSLATION Ye[ar twenty- | seven, [4th hour of the] day, [Mesore 6] according to the Greeks ; according to the Egyptians year 28, Thoth 23. Saturn in Libra Jupiter in Cancer Mars in Cancer 10. Venus in Leo 11. Mercury in Leo 12. sun in Leo 13. moon in Sagittarius 14. Horoscopos in L[ibra] NEMO ETNION SR BE IS) COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 The date of this text is Commodus 27 (= a.p. 187) Mesore 6 in the Alexandrian calendar, Commodus 28 Thoth 23 in the Egyptian calendar. The editors read in line 6 606 «cs, but the last number is certainly y and not ¢; the first number is hardly « and « is a possible reading. Thoth 13 = July 20 is astronomically excluded. The sun is in Cancer 26 (instead of Leo) and the moon in Gemini (instead of Sagittarius). Ten days later, how- ever, the sun is correctly in Leo and the moon is in Scorpio, i.e., not too far from the position given in the text. All other positions are correct: Text Computed Dp eas = 14 me Ss 2516 @ 2s Ey 7455 a st &u 14 Bo ou 29 QO & Sa 5 € # m 9C!) Ho = about 10 a.m. Since the sun is in $v and the hour is an hour of day- light, only a sign between $v and VS can be rising. In line 14 just enough is visible of the first letter of the Horoscopos to exclude all signs but fvyoc. The hour can then be restored as 6 (line 2). No. 190 P. Oslo 163 TRANSCRIPTION 1. [A (erove) ] kop.[ wodo |v ruBt r 2. @ apxovence evvatyn|c npepac | 3. Ate epune vdpy[xow| 3 mic: sic, not yAvoe as in edition. 52 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 190—No. 207 ceAnvy xOve [1] Kpovoc cxoprt|o | Ceve rap6 | evo | apldle“agesteqneteeen opockorroc didup.[ orc | CNAME TRANSLATION [ Year 30] of Commodus, Tybi 30, beginning of the ninth hour [of the day. ] sun (and) Mercury in Aquarius moon in Pisces Saturn in Scorpio Jupiter in Virgo Mars (and) Venus in Sagittarius Horoscopos in Gemini Ce) NON gS IN COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 As P. Heegaard [1] p. 98 has shown, the computa- tion agrees fully with the data of the text for 190 January 25: Text Computed Bh ss Be oS ek 8 = 00 about 2 P.M. Toa Para x© The calendar used is the Alexandrian. If the sun is in 4%, the Horoscopos in 1, then the time must be at least 45 after sunrise and at most 8? after sunrise in Alexandria. Since the text gives the “beginning of the 9th hour” it is clear that seasonal hours must be meant. In this case one finds as extremal value (for © = 4 0, H = x 30) 9:20 seasonal hours after sunrise.t This agrees well with our result of a solar position at the beginning of <. 1 Accurately computed. Using the rising times of System A or B the limit becomes 9 ;30 seasonal hours. No. 207 Bodleian Greek Ostracon 244 Wilcken, Ostr. 1602 TRANSCRIPTION Kpovoc ddup |...- eve vopiyw pl.... apne atyoyaipw [.... appoditn Kplw |.... epunce vopixw |.... ceAnvn tavpw [.... nAtoc txPucr Aler .... P vdpiyo pup / [...- Tapa avyuyrrioc plappovlt .... I@). ky 7 Xer(rwr): suggested by Bilabel, Berichtig. I1,1 p. 124. 8 : reading certain. wip /: sic. 9 ¢lapuovd: perhaps followed by «6 ec; cf. note 2. OO ONS TRANSLATION Saturn in Gemini [.... Jupiter in Aquarius [.:] degrees [... Mars in Capricorn [.. Venus in Aries [.. Mercury in Aquarius [.... Moon in Taurus [.... Sun in Pisces [..] mi[nutes] Horoscopos in Aquarius [..]| degrees [... According to the Egyptians [Pharmouthi * Ze ST DS SEM Na 2 cae — COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 3 Computation leads to an excellent agreement with the data of the text for 207 February 20 Pharmouthi 23 (Egyptian calendar). One finds Text Computed Det [ened x il eae | sti | 6: Worle ved Oe [ase idee |! Sores [aes | ae CH Seae ear about 8 4 © x (beg. of) * 1 ley Asad reeds | about 5 a.M.? The same date was found by Fotheringham according to Bilabel, Berichtig. II,1 p. 124. The accuracy of his hour “ between 4.55 and 6.25 a.m., if observed at + Cf. note 2. . *For an hour of night one should perhaps restore in lines 9/10 [Pharmouthi 22 to] 23. The positions one day earlier would still be in agreement with the text, except for the moon. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 207—No. 217 Do Thebes,” is, of course, purely fictitious since H may fall anywhere in thus leaving us with a margin of about 2 hours. The uncertainty is increased by the difference of several degrees between ancient and modern longi- tudes and the fact that the horoscope was computed and not “ observed.” e No. 208 P. Mich. Inv. 1461 (unpublished ) Photos pl. 31 TRANSCRIPTION 1 (erove) Le Wi PEXELP t.[ 2. Kpovoc xapk(wo) Bl 3. 0 enavroc 7 4. fwd.0v ex.| Subsequent lines destroyed We are indebted to Professor Herbert C. Youtie for the reading of the last line. One might restore ezo|pevoy ; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 418 ff.7 TRANSLATION Year 15, Mekheir 10[+ x Saturn in Cancer ..|[ pene mes [oR sa: levearc{ se: the f[ollowing (?)] zodiacal sign [.... NS COMMENTARY The date of this horoscope is very uncertain. We know from the first line that it falls in the 15th year of some ruler, month Mekheir, i.e. roughly February. This restricts us for the time from Augustus to Dio- cletian to very few possibilities which all can be ruled out by the condition that Saturn should be in Cancer. The closest approach to a situation in which both con- ditions are satisfied is the year Septimius Severus 16 = 207/8 since Saturn is found in February 208 at the end of 3 or entering % if one takes the difference of norming longitudes into consideration. Thus it seems as if our text counted the year 193/4 as year 1 of Septimius Severus and not 192/3 as is usually assumed. 1 Or éravapepéuevov (wdiov as in Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 270 note 1. No. 217 P. Warren 21 Verso Col. I, 67-72 TRANSCRIPTION 8.8!" Kpovoc €lulyw feve € aryox(epw) afpoditn Kplilo I ravpo Eppnc apyc didvpo.c @ deovre ONG One OS SINS TRANSLATION Didymos.t' Saturn in Libra Jupiter (and) moon in Capricorn Venus in Aries sun in Taurus Mercury (and) Mars in Gemini Horoscopos in Leo Oa OY COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 4 Text and computation agree for 217 May 12 and 13 very well. For May 12 one obtains Text Computed wae = 21 Vise VimuZ Spaet 7. i) AD) me il % 28 about noon > Wo “3-6 DTacQoaRs and practically the same holds for one day later, the moon being in about vs 26. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The Magical Papyrus Warren was first published by Hunt [1] (1932) and then again in The Warren Papyrt (1941). The first column of the verso contains four horoscopes in the following order: No. 219,111 No. 219,11,12 No. 217 No. 244. * Or twins? 54 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: 9No.21971 No. 219,1 Dura, House of Nebuchelus Graffiti on South Wall of West Room On a wall of an important house? in the center of Dura? six more or less complete versions of a horo- scope were found, all scratched in a crude fashion into the plaster of the wall. Its date is, as will be shown presently, 219 January 9. As the editors stated * it was probably the author of these drawings who wrote on the same wall 1. exoujca cpnpov daciov a 2. Kata -ceAnvnv r pvc Oy] 0 ypawac 3. nuepa ceAnvyc “T have made the sphere on Daisios 1, according to the moon 30. May the writer be blessed.** Monday.” The use of o¢a/pa for a circular diagram is of interest and probably stems from the meaning “ circular orbit ” of odaipa in the astronomical literature.* The terminology “ Daisios 1, according to the moon 30” must mean that the 1st of Daisios in the civil calen- dar corresponded to the 30th of the preceding accurately taken lunar month (Artemisios). This coexistence of a somewhat inaccurate or schematic civil calendar and a strict lunar calendar is reminiscent of the Athenian calendar of the Hellenistic period. Since the date of the horoscope in the lunar calendar is Aydnaios 5, corresponding to a.p. 219 January 9, one finds for the conjunction preceding the next month Daisios the date 219, about midnight from May 30 to May 31. Since May 30 is a Monday * the horoscope was actually cast, in all probability, when the child was five months old. The seven versions of the horoscope itself ® are written in six groups of graffiti, henceforth denoted by (a) to (g) as follows:7 (a) Dura, Rep. IV No. 232 upper half (b) lower half (c) No. 233 (d) No. 236 (e) No. 237 (f) No. 238 (9) No. 239 +Cf. Dura, Rep. IV p. 79 and fig. 1 p. 92. ? Also called ‘“‘ House of the Archives.” SIAN, jos Oesr, Ie, ZO 8 Cf. for this translation of uvnc6f Rehm [1] p. 16. * Passim, e.g., in the Almagest. The editors refer to the o¢aipa dorpodoy:xn of Plutarch, Mor. 838c (Rep. IV p. 95 note 22) but in this passage a celestial globe, not a horoscope, is meant. For context and correct interpretation cf., e.g., Schlachter, Globus, p. 58. ° The editors suggested Monday 235 May 5 but their pro- cedure is influenced by the incorrect dating of the horoscope. ° We ignore No. 231 (Rep. IV, p. 105): “A circle, 0.065 m in diameter drawn for a horoscope never completed.” "Also SEG 7 Nos. 364 to 369. The last copy was never completed. The originals of the numbers 232, 235, and 236 are now at Yale University and were kindly put at our disposal, together with all relevant notes and photo- graphs, by Professor C. B. Welles. Version (a). Copy: Rep. 1V p. 106® No. 232. Crude circle with horizon and meridian as diameters. In- scriptions, beginning with the horoscopos (left end of horizon) : vdpo rEew x6 mapO Kpl cuy Tav Kpovoc cxpo (sic) Ke) appod Togs Kap Cevc avy Version (b) written below (a). Same diagram as in (a). Above it the following text: 1. erove Ap pyvoc avdweov 6 2. Kata ceAnvyv € nuEepa Kpovov mept ¥ 3. P nuepunc eyevnOy adrcEav paxedov 4. amroAdwvixov ev tyOvdio & vdpoxove “Year 530 month Aydnaios 9, according to the moon 5, Saturday, about 3rd hour of the day, was born Alexander Macedonius son of Apollonicus Horoscopos: Aquarius.” Around the diagram we read: Ceve vop Aew apne © tx6 Tap Kplo cvy TAv CKpOTLOV (sic) KS) adpod toé Kap a pune avy The last line of the text is translated by the editors ® as “son of Apollonicus; in the constellation of Pisces; Aquarius was rising on the horizon.” Grave objections must be raised, however, against this interpretation. If the Horoscopos is ” then it makes no sense to say “(born?) in Pisces,” in addition to the fact that “(born) in such and such a sign” is attested in no other horo- scope. Furthermore, it is extremely unlikely that the constellation iyfves is renamed ix@véuov, even if there existed a preference for diminutives in Dura. Conse- quently, one must assume that the word in question belongs to the proper name, giving perhaps a locality or a profession or a nickname.?° * A photograph was published“by Johnson [1] p. 79, but no details are legible. ° Rep. IV p. 107. *° Gagé [1] based far-reaching conclusions on this horoscope, using as support an astronomically meaningless emendation of a corrupt passage in the Alexander romance. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 219,I 85 In the lower half of the diagram two lines are written for which the editors suggest a reading dpyn(v) exe. The reading itself is by no means clear and the significance extremely doubtful. What one would expect astrologi- cally is KAjpos t¥xns which would be located in Aries,’ right where the lower line was written. Nevertheless, this conjecture is not supported by the few letters which can be read: ... yy (or An?) preceded by ap or ¢ or y in the upper line, er or ev[...] yA or yy in the lower line (cf. fig. 12 which indicates roughly what seems to be still visible on the original). Figure 12. The astronomical data from the two versions agree, except for Jupiter, which is supposed to be in V3 in (a), in 4“ in (b). The latter version is supported also by (c) and (d). The editors suggested 218 December 11 (Saturday) as the corresponding date. Since the date of the horoscope is given as (Seleucid Era) 530 (= ap. 218/219) Aydnaios 9 (civil) 5 (lunar), the month Aydnaios had to be equated with December instead of January, as expected. But computation reveals that Mars, sun, Venus, and Mercury were also one sign short, and it is very simple to repair all these discrepan- cies by going one month ahead. This is shown in the following comparison: ext 218 Dec: 11 219 Jan. 9 b mH he lbs) ti, 7 a VS or ty ee pale ) * ber 240 (ell) + 16 © VS Aas Cl) ep 1S) ° 7x ee clon) x 10 s} V3 20 ()) eo etm) € € exe ul * 27 Saturday Saturday Saturday CON jee Dees conj.: Jan. 4 It is obvious that the second date is preferable. There remains only a small discrepancy for Mercury as is very common for this difficult planet. All other conditions are satisfied and the calendar leads to the expected position of Hyperberetaios beginning about 218, Octo- ber 7° Finally Daisios coincides with June, thus = pecause, Ay = da a (Xg —AG) = ee + 2 = f. The famous hemerologia, discussed by Kubitschek [1] leading to the most natural date for the writer’s in- scription which is without a year number: 219 May 30 Monday for Artemisios (lunar) 30 = Daisios (civil) 1. Since the sun is located in V9, the Horoscopos in 2, it is clear that the hour must be between one and three of daylight. The text above the diagram of (b) says “about 3rd hour” whereas (c) says “ first hour.” It seems as if the exact hour was unknown. Version (c). No copy published; cf. Rep. IV p. 115 No. 235. Professor Welles kindly put a tracing of the text at our disposal; the upper part of the original is now broken away. Above the circle two lines of text: 1. erove Ad [pnvoc] avdvveov 4 2. 4 mpwryc nuepuye Around the circle which is divided by two perpendicular diameters one reads (beginning at H) Cevc vdp Alew| © Tap apne cuy Kpl Kpovoc CKpoTrl (sic) Tavup apo ToS Ko) n Epunc acy Kap These positions agree with version (b). Version (d). Circle with horizon and meridian as in (a) to (c). Above it inscription (copy: Rep. IV p. 115 Nos 236): 1. erove Ap pyvoc avdeveou 6 2. Kata ceAnvnv € rept & a nuepuyc 3. eyevnOy oKKac For the last word the editors say “if it is a proper name, it could be the Semitic name of Alexander, or of Alexander’s otherwise unattested (elder) twin brother. More probably ... something like 6 zais.” Round the diagram we have Cevc vop Aew C x6 Trap0 apne luy Kpl Kpovoc Ckop7 Tau appod tog YK) n eppne avy KapK Version (e). .Very crude circle, divided as before (copy: Rep. IV p. 116 No. 237). Outside: Alew] (?) map (?) identify Hyperberetaios and October for the “Hellenes” (i.e. Antioch and Syria; cf. Kubitschek [2] p. 101). Cf. also Ginzel, Chron. III p. 29 ff. Cevc vopo C dv 56 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 219,I —219,11,12 apyc 6) fecite| cal lelutel cal ve Kpl cuy Tavp Kpovoc cKop 58 appo To& Kapk mr elpwlnc acy Inside the circle, in the lower half, is written what the editors interpret as dpyyv éxes and where we would expect the Lot of Fortune; cf. version (b). Version (f). No copy published. Rep. IV p. 119 No. 238: “ A copy of a horoscope of which little can be deciphered. The legend is better preserved.” 1. [érous Ad’] pyvds Adduvéov 2. dp(as) mparys tepuys, eyevnOn 3. OKI Version (g). No copy published. Rep. IV p. 119 No. 239: “ An unfinished copy of the horoscope, with- out the quarterings or the names of constellations and planets. At the left of the circle occurs the word €rovs, at the right the beginning of the legend, érovs A¢’ pnvos Below occurs the numeral ppd’.”” We have no explanation to offer for the last mentioned number (144). No. 219,II,1 P. Warren 21 Verso Col. I, 52-58 TRANSCRIPTION 1. (erove) B avtwv” Kopv’ 2. pexeip S ac thy € 3. & & weroc 4. kpo’ @ cxopmw 5. lev’ I wWpoya 6. apne Kp Vic adpe ¢ Epp’ auyo TRANSLATION Year 2 of Antoninus,’ the Lord (?) Mekheir 6 to 7 7th hour of the night Saturn (and) Horoscopes in Scorpio Jupiter (and) sun in Aquarius Mars in Aries Venus, moon, (and) Mercury in Capricorn Ree ah OL 1 kopv’ or kupvo’: one would expect Tov kupiov or Karcapoc. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 4 Cf. the bibliographical note to No. 217. The data of the text agree with the results obtained by computation for 219 February 1, which is the equiva- lent of VI(a) 6 after midnight. + Elagabalus. Text Computed Pl om m 19 H after midnight Gay poe Ou) ee mea é 1 pr 4 2 V3.3 € } vs vs 20 3 ve'23 Fotheringham based his computations on the assump- tion “that the place of observation was Arsinoe”’ (The Warren Papyri, p. 63). Actually this assumption plays no role whatsoever because the data of the horoscope would fit equally well if he had computed for Tripoli or for Basra. No. 219,11,12 P. Warren 21 Verso Col. I, 59-66 TRANSCRIPTION (erovc) B tov avtov MExelp i ec a) @ wa vuKroc Kpo’ cKopmw leve I ep vdpoxo| ap7c Kplw apo? | ep aryoxepw ceAnvn didvpo.c ONAWRWNS 5 ep: erased. TRANSLATION Year Z of the same* Mekheir 17 to 18 11th hour of the night Saturn in Scorpio Jupiter, sun {Mercury} in Aquarius Mars in Aries Venus, Horoscopos, (and) Mercury in Capricorn moon in Gemini COR OSS a COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 4 The date in the first line refers to the preceding horo- scope * which is dated “ year 2 of Antoninus, Mekheir 6 to 7.” In the fifth line ‘“ Mercury ” was erroneously mentioned with the sun but afterwards erased and cor- rectly listed with Venus. Because the present horoscope falls only 11 days later than the preceding one it is evident that the sun and the outer planets remain within their respective signs. One finds for 219 February 12 + Elagabalus; cf. No. 219,II,1. ° Cf. the bibliographical note to No. 217. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 219,11,12 — No. 244 57 Text Computed © m 19 2 as ae 20 Orr” ues é a 12 9 V2 Hf V3 about 4 a.m. fe) V3 26 C Bil mL/s No. 220 P. Oxy. 585 TRANSCRIPTION 1. ezlove .. peel [. .] 2. wpac 6 nuepac 3. nic epunc vdpoxw 4. Kpovoc ckoprw 5) Ceve tyOver apne 6. rtogotn appodern 7. Kpw ceAnvn atyoKepw 8. wpocKkoroc ecyata 9. &dupwv TRANSLATION Year [.. Mekhei]r-[23] 9th hour of the day sun (and) Mercury in Aquarius Saturn in Scorpio . Jupiter in Pisces, Mars in Sagittarius, Venus in Aries, moon in Capricorn Horoscopos at the end of Gemini BAO SS aes te A) COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 4 Computation shows perfect agreement with the date of the text for 220 February 18 and excludes any other date within many centuries earlier and later. Computed 29 Text A0O Ss PT 1K O we le CS Sia ae: S H end of ADOUUMON AC IVs With H = x 30 the 9th (seasonal) hour requires a solar position toward the end of .~”;* this confirms our result. *For \o = ** 30 the time is about 8;30 seasonal hours after sunrise but 9510 for Aq = = 0. No. 227 P. Iand. 89 TRANSCRIPTION Beginning destroyed ayably tTu]xn [yelvecue mone |uaidoc €TOUC é CEOUnpoUv adeEavdpov xvak 5 wpa apxn B nuepac Peele TRANSLATION ON OMG ON O) O6GneGncececiio 1. Good Fortune 2. Nativity of Ptolemais 3. Year 7 of Severus Alexander 4. Choiak 6, beginning of the second hour of the day. COMMENTARY The preserved lines are followed by blank space and probably belong to the end of a horoscope (cf., e.g., No. 138/161). No positions are preserved. The date is 227 December 4, assuming Alexandrian calendar. No. 244 P. Warren 21 Verso Col. I, 73-75 TRANSCRIPTION 1. dcovucia (erovc) a difArlrrlolu ered 7 & B np 2. kpo/ apie rap6|/ Lev adpod ralvpa| 3. epune d[idvpore $] oF. Kapxww | Remainder destroyed TRANSLATION Dionysia. Year 1 of Philippus, Epiphi 8, 2nd hour of the day. Saturn (and) Mars in [Virgo]. Jupiter (and) Venus in Taurus. Mercury in Gemini. Horoscopos (and) stinjin Cancer? [ sc... COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 4 Computation shows good agreement for 244 July 2 = Philippus Julius Verus 1 XI(a) 8: Text Computed b | TR 23 2 0 -. e a fe) IK m 24 Tal = after sunrise 0 | = % 9 Cf. also the bibliographical note to No. 217. 58 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 245—No. 250,2 No. 245 P. Harris 53 TRANSCRIPTION Beginning destroyed [$] yAtoc v[Spoxow] [Zevc | Kpww leppnle tavpe [xpo|voc oe [ce|Anvy ap adpodetyn vopoxow CKOpPTLM SOW Ee Ge CS te apne ixOucr TRANSLATION 1. [Horoscopos,] sun in A[quarius] 2. [Jupiter] in Aries 3. [Mercury] in Taurus 4. Saturn in Libra 5. moon in the beginning of Scorpio 6. Venus in Aquarius 7. Mars in Pisces COM MENTARY DleeS The restoration [feve]-in line 2 and [epyn|c in line 3 instead of the inverse arrangement is based on the relative length of the two words in comparison with the available space. In both cases Mercury has too great an elongation from the sun. Saturn in = and Jupiter in Y would be correct for the years 186, 245, 305, 364. Mars, however, elimi- nates all but one of these dates if we take into account that only the months from January to March are possi- ble because of the solar longitude. The moon is in the beginning of ™ on February 6 or one month earlier or later but only in February is the sun in 4. Thus we obtain for 245 February 6: Diagram: Text Computed LED ioe sunrise Oy a ie 1S [26] S Eleao5) [3] 3 ve 30( 2) b os ne « beg. of Mm ithe & 2 ay Be es 3 ae uo 24(1) No. 250,1 Dura, Graffito “On a piece of fallen plaster from Wall Street near Tower 19.” Dura, Rep. VI No. 736, p. 246 f. with copy. Above the crude diagram [w]nvoc TEPLTLOV Y This line is continued by some six or seven letters which, according to the editors, may either contain a personal name or be read as (ka)ta ceAy(vyv) a. The last letters look to us like 8ea. In the second line one can read ypa followed by the traces of two or three letters, perhaps [elypaye. The editors suggest either [uvyc7 6] ypdWale or [éyerv7fOn 6] ypawalc. Below these two lines a circle is drawn with two diameters roughly at 45° and 135° with respect to the horizontal direction. To the right of the circle, about the level of the center we read ay mAle]¢ whereas the editors suggested avyox[epw]e. Our reading seems not only to fit the traces very well but is sup- ported by the fact that the month Peritios corresponds roughly to January, when the sun is in Capricorn. To the left of the diagram one reads 8&6 and above it fev or (much less likely) rav. "> ‘ter in Gemini during January would suggest, e.g., the years 250, 2/ 0m coc 294, etc. and, less likely, 246 or even earlier. Above the diagram perhaps the moon, thus near * Oe Ts No. 250,2 P. Ryl. 524 TRANSCRIPTION Beginning and end of both columns destroyed I II Lol J. re 16. ad|podern] 2. [tprywve a ]ppoder 17. dwedlopoc ry] 3. [rye] 18. weparr[nv taéw €] Na We chacees ] 19. rvy’xavlev xwvou] Be eben essy 5 tv 1 |pwtny 20, -pev0e eee | 6. [raéw etvy’|xavev 21. avyoxeo| eee ac] 7. [xwvovpevloc ev 22. Tepoy Al ee Tpt| 8. [yOucer ploupwov 23. yovw [du adpatper] 9. [... oxo dioc 24. rove ap Oporc] 10. [rpryolve a 25. eway dvicw] Des [pemewy ann |v 26. bo 12.) (See ] 27. crliABov ev ro} Lol eee ] 28. Goldie saan ] 14. [rnv 8ev]repav Zo) Kol nee 15. [raéw ervy’xavev] 30." (2440 The reverse contains in a second hand: ...]a’ nmep .. |iry 1 Ae: or perhaps only. 6 raéyv: chosen among other possibilities because this seems to have the right number of letters for the length of line; similarly for kevovwevoc in 7 and in 19/20. 11: perhaps duvw)py. 18/19 ervy’xavev: possibly one should read vy instead of y’ ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 250,2—No. 258 59 since y and » are interchangeable before y, x, and x (cf. No. 14, line 7) and » appears in a form similar to this, with horizontal transverse, at least in the Ptolemaic period (cf. Schubart, Papyri Graecae Berolinenses pl. 4c). 20-23: A possible restoration would be Kivou]uevoce elm. Twy ev] avyokeplov pum ac] Tepwv Napumpwrv tpilywrw TRANSLATION I | ae oe 2. [triangle af] ven: oa (us| ae eae... had] the first 6. eece, ] 7. [moving] in ee isces ....| degrees 9. [house] of Jupiter 10. [triangle] of M- Il. [ars .....] .. La ae ] oe 14. [had the se]cond [ place, | 16. Ve[nus] 17. Phosph[oros, had the] 18. fifth [place, ] 19. [mo-] evi [oe . 286: ] mipecapricom |... | Been. |. 2.. tri-| 23; angle of its [elf, subtracting | 24. from its num[bers (of longitude) ] 25. evening set[ting| 26. [Mercury, ] Z7otpibon in the ...] 28. zo[diacal sign ....] COMMENTARY ? The text is divided into sections, one for each planet. These sections are partly designated by ordinal num- bers. The word “ first’’ appears in the second section (lines 4-11) the word “second” occurs in the next section (lines 12 ff.). In the second column the section of Venus is associated with “ fifth.” From line 25 we know that Venus was morning star in VS and near its last visibility. Consequently the sun + Previously published: Neugebauer—Van Hoesen [1]. must have about 15° more longitude than Venus, that is to say it must be in VS or “. From the note on the reverse we know that we are dealing with the first hour of the day. Thus the Horoscopos must be about “ or 3%. Mercury is always near the sun and in our case must be between Venus and the sun. We can furthermore determine the longitude of the object No. 1. From line 9, “ House of Jupiter,” we have only # or X at our disposal. Lines 10/11 can only be restored “ Triangle of Mars” or “ of Venus.” Neither Mars nor Venus rules a triangle which con- tains #, but Mars and Venus in daytime govern the triangle %5 Mm 3%. Thus X is the only possible restora- tion in line 8. We furthermore restore Mars in line 11 and not Aphrodite, because of the length of the line. The blank space above the section of Venus in column II suggests that we are dealing with the beginning of a column. Thus column I must concern Nos. 1 to 4, ecoluma LiviNo. 5G?) No.6 (g9.), and No.7. It is furthermore clear that at least one more column must have preceded column I. These facts suggest the following restoration of the structure of the text. It began with an introduction, now completely lost, and with the description of the Horoscopos, the last two lines of which are partly preserved in lines 1 to 3. We restore “ [triangle] of Venus” which includes for daytime the sign of X. Then begins the enumeration of the celestial bodies fol- lowing the order of the zodiac: beginning with No. 1 in ¥ ad ending with No. 5= Venus in v3, No. 6= Mercury in Vs aaa finally the sun as No. 7 in V9 or ¢<, Unfortunately these elements do not suffice for an astronomical dating. Paleographically the early third century seems likely. No. 258 P. Oxy. 1563 TRANSCRIPTION — S (erove) toy Kupov ylulov ovarepiavov [kar yadXunvo |v Kat KopyynAtov cadAwvevov celBalctwv O06 KO [wpa ¢ tye] nuepac Kpovoc txOuce por(pwv) B(?)/ .... apyc Ceve xapkww plo(pov) .... ad|plodern Acovtt pou pwr) nAltle Lryw por(pov) y/ eppnc Colyo] pou(pov) y/ celA]nvn [vdpolyow pou(pwv) x wpockor|oc aty loxepw Re ee | ex |i[kevr poe SETS BON A tet cea e 2: The date 29 (x6) is certain. The editors read 27 (xt) but the apparent ¢ is only the result of a prolonged stroke of the «x, which thus connects with the lower part of the @. 3-8: All around our text are traces of writing. It seems to us very doubtful whether minutes of longitude were indicated. A number 43 at the end of line 8 is certain, but it is written 60 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 258—No. 260 somewhat out of line and it is therefore doubtful whether it belongs to our text. 4 enlilkeytjpo: For the importance of the centers cf., e.g., Vettius Valens p. 22,27 or p. 49,33. We restore a similar passage in No. 260 line 7. 8 [vdpo]xow: this reading agrees better with the traces than [avyo]kepw and is astronomically necessary. The editors transcribe one more line where they read the proper name Eunopha. In the present state of preservation (as it appears in the photograph) we see no trace of this name. TRANSLATION 1. (Year) 6 of our lords, Valerian [and Gallienus | and Cornelius Saloninus, 2. Augusti. Thoth 29 [6th hour of] the day. 3: Saturn “an Pisces: 2° (7) “deerecsuaeees 4. Mars (and) Jupiter in Cancer .. degrees, [in cen]|ter 5, Venus inileo [19°(?) | decrecsm. 6. sun in Libra 3 degrees 7. Mercury in Libra 3 degrees 8. moon in [Aquarius] 20[-++ x] degrees ... 9. Horoscopos in Capricorn [....... COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 5 The chronological interest of this and related horo- scopes is discussed in Oxyrhynchos Papyri vol. XII p. 229ff. The astronomical data were checked by Fotheringham but for a date which is two days too early (258 September 24 instead of September 26) because of an erroneous reading of the date. The high accuracy of Fotheringham’s computations is in any case fictitious. It makes no sense to operate with local Oxyrhynchos time when the moment for which the computation has to be made shows a margin of uncertainty of about one hour either way. It is furthermore evident that the ancient computations were based on tables computed for “ Lower Egypt ” without any distinction between Alexandria and Oxyrhynchos or any other locality in northern Egypt. The longitude of Mars, as given by Fotheringham, is the result of a computing error of about 10°. The agreement between text and computation for 258 September 26 is very good, showing Jupiter and Mars in almost exact conjunction and setting: TEXt Computed b € 21) «x 6 Es i a5 13 au \ =o) en oS 12 2 Btls Ge) Su 20 © = 3 a 3 fe} ma 3 = 12 « [4] 20 [+ x] Rea 73 The discrepancy in the case of Mercury is undoubtedly caused by the inaccuracy of the ancient tables for this troublesome planet. The present horoscope was found together with No. 260 and was written by the same hand. No. 260 P. Oxy. 1476 TRANSCRIPTION a (erovc) pakpiiavoy Kat KuinTou ceBactwv dawdr BY npuepac f if TeTAnpwpevn por( pov) By" wpockorroc vopyxov pou(pwv) Ky Kpovov Kpew aK Ae ](twv) ABZ akpovu KTOV adatperi|Ko|c apne A€ovte ex|[uxe}r[ 7 ]poc Ceve mapbevw y Nerv Ose NO AN adpodetn mapbevw n/ iS 10. epune mapfevw Ky pS 11. Awe Cvyw n/ 12. cedln|(vm) aleyor(epw)] pou(pov) 47 Aer(rwv) ABZ 13. capazlaluplolvoc 5/6 xpovoy and akpwruxrov: sic, not -oc. 7 encxely[r]poc: Fotheringham suggested “that the mutilated word means ‘at the very beginning’.” Our restoration assumes similarity with No. 258 line 4. TRANSLATION 1. Year 1 of Macrinianus and Quietus, 2. Augusti, Phaophi 2, the 10th hour of the day 3. completed (and) 2 degrees. 4. Horoscopos in Aquarius 28 degrees 5. Saturn in Aries 11 (and) 32 minutes, in 6 opposition and retrograde 7. Mars in Leo in center 8. Jupiter in Virgo 3 (and ..) minutes 9. Venus in Virgo 8;16 10. Mercury in Virgo 23 ;44 11. sun in Libra 8 12. moon [in Capricorn] 8 degrees (and) 32 minutes 13. (Nativity) of Sarapammon COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 5 For the chronological importance of this horoscope and its relation to No. 258 cf. Oxyrh. Pap. vol. XII p. 229 ff. and A. Stein in Archiv 7 (1924) p. 34f. The accurate date, 260, September 29, was established by Fotheringham, who found good agreement between text and computation. Text Computed Text—comp. 1B eras 20 OL + 1;30 - b Sp dlabssy7 yr 5:46 +6 3 core (G33) im, Oss me “her 8 2 ~ Sess =—0ESO 2. NR 85165 eee —3 fe) m 23:44 ie 27-23 a Oo = 8 = 6;19 otaeZ q *fivstes 32 vs 9;58 lI The position of Saturn is far different from the ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: correct value. This has, of course, no influence on the fact that Saturn is practically in opposition to the sun and thus retrograde. The accuracy in the indication of time, 10 hours and 2 degrees (= 8 minutes), is most unusual and obviously senseless. Computation with Theon’s tables lead for the latitude of Alexandria to 9;53,36 equinoctial hours after sunrise which is equivalent to 10 ;6,24,... seasonal hours or 10 seasonal hours plus 1 ;34 = 2 time degrees, in excellent agreement with the text. In line 8 the scribe forgot to enter the minutes of the longitude of Jupiter. The text is also published, with a translation, in Hunt-Edgar, Sel. P., p. 444f. (No. 200). No. 277 PSI 764 TRANSCRIPTION 1. ayaby tTvxn yevecie Oewrr | vov | 2. B (etovc) rpoBov tuBe KS 3. & B/ npepac 4A. Kpovoc CKOpTLa 5. Leve apne ceAnvyn 6. ; alyOKEepa 7. adpodirn ixOuce 8. Eppunc nAwoc vdpnxow 9. wpa vdpnxyow 10. Stevrvxee 9 wpa : sic for wpoCKomToc. TRANSLATION 1. With good fortune. Nativity of Theoninus 2. 2nd year of Probus, Tybi 26, 3. 2nd hour of day 4. Saturn in Scorpio 5. Jupiter, Mars, (and) moon 6. in Capricorn 7. Venus in Pisces 8. Mercury (and) sun in Aquarius 9. Horoscopos in Aquarius. 10. Good luck! COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 5 Except for Mars and Venus, computation for 277 January 21 confirms the data of the text (Alexandrian calendar) : Text Computed b m m 10 2 vs 10 3 V3 Pane (ah) € vs 30 No. 260 — No. 282 61 hext Computed Be a 6 (1) Phd we als) ear fare Ws lel ee! about 7 a.m. No. 282 P. Cornell, Inv. No. 78 (unpublished *) Photo: pl. 31 TRANSCRIPTION ike ayaln TUX) 2. yevecic a _(erovc) Kapivov Jw us Be b apx7) 0 6 vdpnxow 4. Leve cednvn Kapkiwo 5. adpodityn dAcovte 6. nAvoc Eppnc Trapleven Zs Kpovoc to|£o|rn remaining lines destroyed TRANSLATION 1. Good fortune. 2. Nativity, year 1 of Carinus, Thoth 16, 3. beginning of the 9th hour (of the day); Horo- scopos in Aquarius 4. Jupiter and moon in Cancer 5. Venus in Leo 6. sun and Mercury in Virgo 7. Saturn in Sagittarius [8. Mars in Capricorn] COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 5 The agreement between text and computation is ex- cellent for 282 September 13: Text Computed H Me about 3 P.M. Te Ne % 18 Cl oes, Caras g &u ou, AKG) ) m 20 8 ™ Mm 29 b ae x 29 The entry for Mars is destroyed, but the arrangement according to increasing longitudes places Mars between Saturn in Sagittarius and the Horoscopos in Aquarius, exactly as expected from computation (V9 14). * We are indebted to the late Professor W. L. Westermann, who identified this horoscope in the Cornell collection, for per- mission to publish the text in the present volume. 62 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 283— No. 284 No. 283 P. Oxy. 1564 TRANSLATION * 1. Nativity of Pichime 2. Year 1 of Carinus, Phamenoth 3. 27, lst hour of the day 4. Horoscopos (and) sun in Aries, 5. Mars in Taurus 6. moon (and) Jupiter in Cancer 7. Saturn in Capricorn 8. Mercury (and) Venus in Pisces. 9. Good luck! COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 5 Computation for 283 March 23 confirms the text Text Computed H | - about 6 A.M. of ae ae 8 15 a gO) aig % 14 Q V3 vs 16 oe * 4 : “« % 13 No. 284 PSI 765 TRANSCRIPTION Recto . ayaln tvxn Kata Tov . avadobevta por xpovoy . vmo cy piAtarn eyevnOyc . TNC EVTVYNCTATTC 4) Xx) fi . pve kat’ eXAnvac abvup d§ / f 0/4 VUKTOC 1 Z. 3 4 5. dioKAntiavev Bacidrac 6 re 8. ovrwc exovcu ou 9. actepac ecru de 10. nAtoc cKopru poipwv 6 11. ceAnvy tavpw poipoy t. 12. Kpovoc atyoxepw po:pwv r 13. eve rapfevw poipwv 7 14. apne Over poipwv 6 15. adpoditn cxopmw poipov [...] 16. epyye cxoprw popov |... ] WA wploc |x[orroc A€ovTL Olpwv .. a 1S ere aes: LOW © [eeota oe remainder destroyed 1 The original which should be in Washington University, St. Louis, is now lost. Verso. The editors read hl atin da § Avo(KAnriavod) 2. ‘Adip 8 / 3. dp(a) F vuKrds Except for the last line we see only faint traces which might belong to three lines (not only two) and the whole possibly might be restored as follows la. [(erove)] a 810K 1b. [A ]ytuavou 2) [a }up 7) 3 a) G vuKTOC 4: Traces at the end might be the expected a (erovc). 11 c.: traces of a letter following «. WZ r: or «is 13 mH: tm not impossible. TRANSLATION With good fortune. According to the date given me by you, dearest (lady), you were born in the blessed reign of Diocletian, (year one) according to the Greek (calendar) the month Athyr the 14th, 6th hour of night. Thus stand the stars, that is: 10. sun in Scorpio 19 degrees 11. moon in Taurus 10 [+ x] degrees 12. Saturn in Capricorn 30 degrees 13. Jupiter in Virgo 8 degrees 14. Mars in Pisces 19 degrees 15. Venus in Scorpio [..] degrees 16. Mercury in Scorpio [..] degrees 17. Horoscopos [in Leo ..] de[grees] SOOO ONE ee S616 a( af )0. 8 (6) (6) (0, 6 (w ele es 6-6 Verso (year) 1 of Diocletian Athyr 14 6th hour of night a a COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 The editors interpreted the traces of the date on the reverse as “ year 31 of Diocletian” (a.v. 314). Com- putation of the planetary positions for this date, how- ever, shows total disagreement. The only possible date turns out to be the first year of Diocletian, as 1s shown by the following comparison for 284 November 10. Diocletian 1 III (a) 14: $ Text Computed Text—comp. © fieie m +19 0 C on O[= =| Cel? > 30 vs 24 +6 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 284—No. 316 63 = ip 8(2) m 18 a 35<-19 5¢221 9) meine | =| m 6 ae tia | i ee For the 6th hour of night the Horoscopos must be some- where between about $v 3 and & 23. No. 293,VIII P. Oxy. 1565 TRANSCRIPTION 6 (erovc) Kat » (erovc) Kat a (erovc) wAnpovple] vou erayomevoy € wpa a muepauc wpa noc TapGevo adpodity Cvyw apyc CcKopri ceAnvly| TofoTn roAA[aly Kpovoc [3]e8 fypworc apxac flevle didvpore lep]une Acovtt eé[.] Prevenetle = Seb ai SN Tie ee ee 9 glev]le: the traces agree very badly with the only plausible restoration. 10: The editors read epune 8c odov Tov éolavov eoly] |rolc assuming “an unprecedented use of the word (£éavoy ‘image ’) for a sign of the zodiac.” We should expect a term for “ going out” or “ leaving.” TRANSLATION 9th (year) and 8th (year) and Ist (year) completed 5th (day) of the epagomenai, Ist hour of the day. Horoscopos (and) sun in Virgo Venus in Libra Mars in Scorpio moon in Sagittarius far advanced(?) Saturn in the beginning of Gemini [Jupiter] in Gemini Mercury in Leo, going out (?) SORNAMRON > —y COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 The initial date refers to the 9th year of Diocletian, and the 8th year of Maximianus and the first year of the Caesars Constantius and Galerius. Computation for Diocletian 8 Epag. 5 = 293 August 28 shows good agreement with the text: Text Computed H about 6 A.M. © - m 5 2 aoe = 2] coun ul ial os) C xn mA 26 > = beg. ote S929 YN 3 M22 8 leaving SU Su 30 The reading of the last word in line 7 is very doubtful. Perhaps it means “many (degrees)” in Sagittarius. The moon is in first quarter. No. 293,XII P. Fouad 7 TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION Beginning destroyed [nAvoc] ev _to€oTn eginning destroyed [sun] in Sagittarius moo|n in Virgo [ceAnv]y ev mapbevar [ [Saturn] in Taurus [ [ [kpovoc | €v TAVpwL [eve] ev didvpo.c [apyc| ev alyoKEepw remainder destroyed Jupiter] in Gemini Mars] in Capricorn SU Oe Ne CAS Seo) se) ©] 8 6 #0 4.6 6.0) o 8, 8 © 0 6 + © 06 6.16 Between lines 1 and 2 and between lines 4 and 5 is a free space of about half a line in height. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 In line 2 a final » suggests the restoration of either ceAnvn OF adpodirn. The arrangement of the zodiacal signs does not follow their natural order. Therefore, we may assume that the text follows the order of the planets. The mention of Venus in line 2 would neces- sitate supplying in lines 4 and 5 the Horoscopos and another center but Gemini and Capricorn are neither diametrically opposite to each other nor 90° distant. Thus Venus is excluded and we must restore the moon inline 2: Under these assumptions a possible date would be 293 December 8 because the sun is at this date in 7 17, the moon about mp 20, Saturn in & 23, Jupiter in 3 20, and Mars in V3 21. No. 316 Grenfell [1] TRANSLATION + 1. Good fortune. Nativity 2. of Heracleides. 3. 33rd year of Diocletian 4. : crossed out. Phaophi is not the equivalent in the Egyptian calendar of Alexandrian Thoth. 6 Sun and Mercury: xac written above the line. * We were not able to learn the present location of the text. 64 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 316—No. 326 9. Jupiter in Gemini 10. Mars in Aries 11. Venus im, Virgo 12. Horoscopos ie in Sagittarius COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 One obtains exact agreement for 316 September 25 which is the date corresponding to Diocletian 33 I(a) 25% Text Computed Oy = 3 ee 27 @ es % 0 Rp x ea] 24 ag sige Fah 4 ge Jul 2 TQ mm 10 1s ee about 11 a.m. No. 320 P. Iand. 88 TRANSCRIPTION 1. ayaOy tvyn ylevecic .... x €TOC dy| . ie 3. An ScoxAntiay|ov] 4. vB. 8 olpa .... Gy wpa epulnc edie 6. — Kpovoc eae 7. eve Elvyo .. 8. apne kal pxivo| 9. c¢ yrwc adlpoditn .... 10. ceAnvn [ieeed followed by empty space and 11. yevecie Lo A remainder destroyed 2 An: probably the same correction of A¢ to Ay as in the next line. 3 An: n written over ¢. 4 wlpa: or #; cf., eg., Nos. 277 and 282. 9 mdwoc: corrected from ndvov. The c in the margin of the line corresponds to the c written above the y of top. Traces of previous writing are visible at different points. TRANSLATION Good Fortune. Nativity of ... year soley gene 38 of Diocletian Tybi 4 [11th] hour [of the night] Horoscopos (and) Mercury [in Sagittarius] Saturn [in Aries] Jupiter in L[ibra] Wien Ga se ILS 8. Mars in Can[cer] 9. sun (and) Ven[us in Capricorn } 10. moon [in Gemini | 11. Nativity [of COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 The date of this horoscope was changed from Dio- cletian 37 Tybi 4 (= 320 December 30) to Diocletian 38 Tybi 4 (= 321 December 30). Computing for both dates one obtains: Text 320 Dec. 30 321 Dec. 30 He? about 4 A.M. about 4 A.M. 2h 8 x 17 Bee Doe eee Pel7 Oe 24 xis =o 6 TL ey 3 £ oe vs 10 (!) On vs 10 vs 10 eta vot vs 30 C= sil eecae| nm 19 m 6 From this comparison it is evident that only the original earlier date corresponds to the longitudes of Jupiter and Mars given in the text. In neither case is the moon in the same sign with sun and Venus, thus we have to assume a greater length for line 9 than for the ones immediately preceding. No. 326 Louvre 10.390 (unpublished ) Photo? pl. 730 Parchment folded in zigzag, the ends pasted to stiff cover. Size of the pages about 51 K 58mm. The first three pages contain some legal statements, followed by signatures, but without a date. Then follow three empty pages, and finally two pages inscribed by another hand and upside down as compared with the text at the be- ginning. This obviously later text is a horoscope, pub- lished here for the first time. We are obliged to Dr. J. Doresse for drawing our attention to this horoscope and for providing us with a photograph. TRANSCRIPTION ayaln tux YEVECLC KOTpLoV pB (erove) amo dioKAntiavov PEXELP do > a HLEpac wpacKoTroc vopnxow f vdpnxow AnRONP 7. Kpovoc Sidvporc ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 326—No. 338 65 8. Seve apne txOver 9. mAwoc eppnc vdpnxo 10. adpodity aryoxepw 11. xKpovoc ddvpoce 12. ceAnvyn Lvyo 5 wpackoroc: sic; cf. No. 338. 7: followed by signs written on the left part of page III, perhaps mo s (or po us). 8: followed perhaps by a « written on page III. 9: followed by «¢ (or ce ?) written on page III. 12: followed by a sign which is either ¢ or ¢, written on page III. TRANSLATION I 1. Good fortune 2. Nativity of Koprios 3. year 42 of Diocletian, 4. Mekheir 14, hour 1 of the day. 5. Horoscopos in Aquarius 6. Horoscopos in Aquarius 7. Saturn in Gemini 8. Jupiter (and) Mars in Pisces 9. sun (and) Mercury in Aquarius 10. Venus in Capricorn 11. Saturn in Gemini 12. moon in Libra COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 6 Computation for the given date, Diocletian 42, Mekheir (VI) 14, (= 326 February 8) leads to the following comparison ext Computed about 6 A.M. 29 29 13 20 1 8 10 6(?) or 16(?) -~ 8 20(?) 16(?) 6(?) The agreement is good except for the rather doubtful numbers of degrees which the text seems to add. An COsRw PoE RK RH by 8 No. 338 PSI 23,a TRANSCRIPTION if ayayn Tx 2. yevecic eppycw|voc | 3: ve (erovc) dioKAytiavov 4. yxouak Kn ec KO Y vuKTOC 5. wpackomoc Neovtt pup/ ty 6. nAtoc aryoyepw: pup/ v 7. ceAnvyn cKopmww: pup/ de 8. Kpovoc to€otn pup/ ON’ a 9, Levs txPver: pup/ KB 10. apne aryoyepw pup/ 8 'A ¢ 11. adportidy: cKopmww pup/ Pa 12. eppye avyoyepw pup/ 6 13. KAnpoc tvxnc tapbevw pup/ KO 14. KA(npoc) Sa:povoc 88[v]nore pup/ K 15. KA(npoc) epwroc to€glot|n pup/ te 16. KA(npoc) avaykyc tlavpw| pup/ t re 6 17. 1 mpoyevapevn amoxpovcic 18. eyevero ddvpore pup/ B A€/ pO 19. orxov Kdtov optoic 8 Kpovov dip/ B 20. otxov Kpovov opiorc eppov Siyn/ a 21. orxov apewc opio:¢ Eppov din/ B 22. otxov dioc optore dioc dip/ a 23. orxov d:0c opioic apewc dip/ y 24. orxov Kpovov opiocc adpotidy dip./ B 25. o1xov apewc opioic Kpovov dip/ y 26. ovkov Kpovov optoie adporidy dip/ B 27. o1Kov eppov opioce Kpovov dip/ y 28. orxov d10c opioic adportidy diyu/ B 29. o1Kov epewe opioic eppov dy/ B 30. ovxov eppov optore apewc dip/ y 5 wpackoroc: sic; cf. No. 326. 13 «@: the editors read xe but «@ is equally possible and is required by the fact that the kAjpos tixns falls in the terms of Saturn (line 27) which extend only from M28 to tp 30. 16 rlavpw}: Dr. V. Bartoletti kindly writes us: “le tracce sono molto incerte, tuttavia a me pare xlp:@], meno probabile tlavpw].” Computation favors Taurus. 19 xdwov: the editors read #Adov but « seems certain. 19 6 kpovov: the editors read 6 kpévov but we see no bar over the @ nor is there any number expected in this context. 20 opiore epuov: the editors read dpious Hdéov. 21 6: the editors read « but there are not ten decans in a sign. The reading 6 is not only required by the context but fits the traces very well. 30: The final line is actually drawn below line 31 which is the first line of the next horoscope (No. 376b). TRANSLATION 1. With good fortune. 2. Nativity of Hermesion 3. 55th (year) of Diocletian 4. Choiak 28th to 29th; 3rd (hour) of night 5. Horoscopos in Leo, 13 degrees 6. sun in Capricorn, 50(!) degrees 7. moon in Scorpio, 35(!) degrees ? 8. Saturn in Sagittarius, 9 degrees, 1 minute + Tf we interpret \e not as a numeral but as abbreviation for Nerra (cf. lines 16 and 18) we could translate “moon in Scorpio, degrees, [..] minutes,” assuming omission of the number of degrees. 66 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS? No7338 9. Jupiter in Pisces, 22 degrees 10. Mars in Capricorn, 14 degrees, 6 minutes 11. Venus in Scorpio, 29 degrees 12. Mercury in Capricorn, 19 degrees 13. Lot of Fortune in Virgo, 25 degrees 14. Lot of Daimon in Gemini, 20 degrees 15. Lot of Eros in Sagittarius, 15 degrees 16. Lot of Necessity in [Taurus], 10 degrees, 9 minutes The preceding dzéxpovors 18. occurred in Gemini, 2 degrees, 49 minutes 19. House of the sun, terms of Saturn, decan 2 20. House of Saturn, terms of Mercury, decan 1 21. House of Mars, terms of Mercury, decan 2 22. House of Jupiter, terms of Jupiter, decan 1 23. House of Jupiter, terms of Mars, decan 2 24. House of Saturn, terms of Venus, decan 2 25. House of Mars, terms of Saturn, decan 3 26. House of Saturn, terms of Venus, decan 2 27. House of Mercury, terms of Saturn, decan 3 28. House of Jupiter, terms of Venus, decan 2 29. House of Mars, terms of Mercury, decan 2 30. House of Mercury, terms of Mars, decan 3 338 Hermesion Soll Hermeione 366 Nilammon 370 Cyrillous 373 Hermeion 376a,b Joannes (or Joanna) 38la,b Cyrus 385 Nestia (also called Apollonia) suggest a family connection between all these persons. The lines 19 to 30 continue, line by line, the lines 5 to 16. For example, one has to connect line 5 “ Horo- scopos in Leo, 13 degrees,” and line 19: “ house of the sun, terms of Saturn, decan 2,” and similarly in all other cases. This error in arrangement confirms the character of this document as a later copy made from individual texts. The decans are denoted by 8m/ which the editors suggested may stand for dpowpdv; because this makes no sense as a synonym of decans we suggest diapepicpwv “ division.” For the omission of an interior a see Mayser, Gramm. I p. 149. rs RS! IP Si 960 958 4/ a, verso Se Molt. | Horose. Private | Mult. : Complaint Horosc.| Mult. Administrative Mutt. | Horese. Table, | 366 account | Table, of 373 |Table, account Table, | 358 lines 376a of lines housewife 35| lines of lines | 376b 97 to 38la Herm | to 385 | 178 to Hermesion 259 te 177 370 De 38'b | 258 53a Ficure 13. COMMENTARY Two obvious errors occur in the lines 6 and 7. In Diagram: pl. 7 The horoscope of Hermesion (born 338) is the first, and most elaborate, of a group of eight horoscopes which were published as PSI 22, 23, and 24. All these horo- scopes were copied down, in all probability by Her- mesion himself, on three leaves of papyrus which contain also two accounts, written by Hermesion, and a large multiplication table in the same hand. One page was previously inscribed with a complaint of a housewife against her husband, but shows no connection with Hermesion or the other persons whose horoscopes were collected here. The arrangement of these texts is schematically represented in fig. 13. The dates of these collected horoscopes the first place we find Vs 50, in the second m 35, thus numbers greater than the maximum of 30° for positions within a zodiacal sign. One may assume a copyist’s error either in the number of degrees or an omission of degrees and inclusion of minutes. ” In lines 17 and 18 it is said that a “ preceding . « . occurred in Gemini 2;49°. The editors read azoxpacic but no such term seems to be attested elsewhere. We suggest amoxpovecc and assume a connection with a doc- trine which appears in Vettius Valens V,8 (p. 216 ff. Kroll). There the moon is said to aoxpovew in the sign opposite to the sign of conjunction.? Now the preceding ° The preceding full moon happened December 14 about I 24, ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 338—No. 345 67 conjunction happened November 28 in # 7 which is very nearly opposite to Ww 2;49. Though the details escape us by which this specific position was computed we feel that we might have here an application of the above mentioned doctrine of Vettius Valens. The positions given agree fairly well with computa- tion for the date Diocletian 55 IV (a) 28 = 338 Decem- ber 24 about 8 p.m. One finds Text Computed Text—comp. Peel 3 8 P.M. ©, vs 50(!) Sh Gee mi 35!) m 27 i ea x 10 —1 a 36 22 ee ae —1 oR RS Vi 19 —1 ai 29 m 29 0 pes 19 Vs 12 +7 It is possible to determine the positions of sun and moon within narrow limits in spite of the errors in lines 6 and 7. For the sun we know that its longitude belongs to the first decan of VS and to the terms of Mercury (line 20) thus we have Ao = 270 + ¥ and can expect on the basis of our calculation * that « is not far from 4. The moon is in the second decan of m and in the terms of Mercury (line 21), thus hes 221+ y O 16 f°) TR 27 etm m 26 QO £& m 29 3 m™ = 28 € x x 19 The Horoscopos being in V3, the sun at the boundary between = and mm, the hour is about noontime. One day later the sun is in + 0, the moon has entered VS, Mars remains just outside m.1 At the end we find the name of the subect of the horo- scope, Artemidoros, followed by the words “ Health! 2 By Bes! May I not be wiped out.” The Horoscopos being in a house of Saturn, may be the cause of his alarm.* No. 366 PSI 22,a (Photo: Roberts GLH pl. 24) TRANSCRIPTION Lyelvecce vAappov [z]B (erovc) StaxAyriavov & ivricrioy[oc] TpoedpevovToc icidwpov rapelvovc | TuBu owe ec iB @ Xeovte Kpoyoc CkKopTiw apportion: TogoTn nALOC ; Epync: avyoKepw ceAnvyn: Kp : SOMPNAWRWNE a apyc: Tavpw TRANSLATION Nativity of Nilammon [82]nd (year) of Diocletian, 9th indiction presidency of Isidorus son of Pamenes, Tybi (11th), late, to 12th. Horoscopos in Leo Saturn in Scorpio Venus in Sagittarius sun (and) Mercury in Capricorn moon in Aries Mars in Taurus 2 $9 Lo NI ON Sage CS *It is only because of the anomaly that Mars is not in Tl. The mean position is about 1 6. *For the discussion of vyea cf. P. Perdrizet, Revue des études grecques 18 (1914) pp. 266-280. Also Edelstein, Asclepius II, Index p. 274. * Cumont considered the horoscope as favorable; cf. Perdrizet- Lefebvre, GG p. 115. 70 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 366—No. 373 COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 7 For the position of this horoscope within a larger group cf. the commentary to No. 338. The date of the present horoscope is not preserved but can easily be restored. We know from No. 370 that Saturn was in Sagittarius in the year 86 of Diocletian = Indiction 13. The present horoscope shows Saturn in Scorpio for Indiction 9, thus in a position which corresponds very well to a difference of 4 years. This obvious guess is fully confirmed by computation.t One finds for Dio- cletian 82 V(a) 11 = 366 January 6: Text Computed SU about 8 P.M. ™m m 15 x Kk vs 17 es # 23(1) ae GP 2S 8 lS The small discrepancy for Mercury is not significant. Jupiter is omitted; his place would be at the end of the list in Cancer. The Horoscopos in $v shows that the sun in V3 17 is about one zodiacal sign below the hori- zon. Thus we are dealing with the second or third hour of night, expressed in the text by “late.” A similar terminology occurs in No. 373. No. 370 PSI 22,4 TRANSCRIPTION 29. yevecic KvptAdAovtoc 30. 2G dtoKAntiavov ty wriKTiovoc 31. rvBi ty ac 5 vuKroc 32. mapbevw: Leve: ceAnvy: Bos CKOpTLw : Kpovoc : TogoTn : 34. nAtoc: atyoyepw : 35: Eppeyc : TogoTn : 36. adporidy: vdpnxow : 37. apyc: Aeovte 38. KAnpoc Tuync cKopTiw TRANSLATION 29. Nativity of Cyrillous 30. 86th (year) of Diocletian, 13th indiction 31. Tybi 13th to 14th, 4th hour of night 32. Horoscopos in Virgo, Jupiter (and) moon 33. in Scorpio. Saturn in Sagittarius 34. sun in Capricorn 35. Mercury in Sagittarius * The same result was reached by Goodrich [1] (1935). 36. Venus in Aquarius 37. Mars in Leo 38. Lot of Fortune in Scorpio COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 7 Except for Mercury the positions given in the text are correct for Diocletian 86 V(a) 13 = 370 January 8. This year has indiction 13 given in the text (not 14 as the editors suggest emending the text). Vex Computed about 10 p.m. m 18 Mow =a SD KOTWAP Of wg YW Sas g © It should be noted that the planets are arranged accord- ing to their position in the zodiac and consequently that Mercury would be out of place if # were its position. Hence 7 is a copyist’s error either for VS or for & as expected from computation. The Lot of Fortune is computed from Aq == 222 Aq = 289 Am = 165 by means of the formula Ag = Au — (AC — Xo). Subtraction is chosen because we are concerned with a night birth; cf. also No. 373. No. 373 PSI 24,a TRANSCRIPTION YEVECLC EppELov 70 SioKAnTiavov TuBu n d owe ec 6 $ Kapkww ceAnvn cvyo eplulne door nAvoc appoditn avyoye 1 ne vdpnxow k(npoc) zlvxnc Lhuly]o OR NAMARWNS — S TRANSLATION 1. Nativity of Hermeion 2. 89th (year) of Diocletian 3. Tybi 8th, late hour, to 9th ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 373—No. 376,a 71 Horoscopos in Cancer moon in Libra Mercury in Sagittarius sun (and) Venus in Capricorn Saturn, Jupiter (and) Mars in Aquarius Lot of Fortune in Libra SR EO Cee COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 For the date Diocletian 89 V(a) 8 = 373 January 3 there is good agreement between text and computation : Computed 2 Ge GP 8 ae es : The Horoscopos is said to be in 25; the sun being in v3 would therefore indicate that the hour corresponds to sunset. The question arises whether this moment is considered as belonging to daytime or to the night. The phrase “ Tybi 8th, late hour, to the 9th” favors night, because the night is usually denoted by the date of the current Egyptian day and the date of the next day which begins at the following morning. This result is supported by the following considera- tion. The Lot of Fortune is said to be in =, in the same sign as the moon. Because Ac = 205 do = 285 AC — Ao = — 80 An = 105 we find wee §+80=—185 == 5 ibe yee By = 5 ncp (25 Thus the Lot of Fortune was computed according to the formula (1) Ay = An — (AC — Ao) and not acccording to (2) Ay = hu + (Ac — AQ). The first formula is used for a birth at night, the second tor daytime. Cy. Nos. 351, 370, 376, 381, and 385. For related texts cf. the commentary to No. 338; furthermore No. 81 and No. 366. No. 376,a PSI 22,b (Photo of lines 11 to 18: Roberts, GLH pl. 24) TRANSCRIPTION 11. yevecic twavvyc awd te 12. ¢/ wricriovoc a NpEpac 13. Gy SoKAnriavov Eppwoyevnc 14. $: cxopriw 4 Oeoripov Tpoedpoc Lo: apportion: tofory 16. apync : aryoyepw 17. kpovoc: cednvn: ixOver: 18. eve: d8vpore 19. yAtoc: eppne: bvyw: 20. KAnpoc TUXNC : Kplw: TRANSLATION 11. Nativity of Joannes (or Joanna?), Phaophi 15 12. 6th indiction, 1st hour of day. 13. 93rd (year) of Diocletian. Hermogenes 14. Horoscopos in Scorpio / son of Theotimos president 15. Venus in Sagittarius 16. Mars in Capricorn 17. Saturn (and) moon in Pisces 18. Jupiter in Gemini 19. Sun (and) Mercury in Libra 20. Lot of Fortune in Aries COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 This horoscope is the second one of a group of four, PSI 22, which belong to the larger group of texts, dis- cussed in No. 338. It is duplicated by No. 376,b. The agreement between text and computation is per- fect for Diocletian 93 II(a) 15 = 376 October 12. The indiction, however, should be 5 instead of 6. One finds the following positions ext Computed Tel m about 8 A.M. 2 Zn CM wh 8 V8 3°20 7) ee) cine x€ 28 tC) eat Te) ©) oo = 20 hae =e) 6 Also the Horoscopos and the Lot of Fortune are cor- rectly placed, following the formula Ap = dy + (Ac — Ao). 72 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 376,a—No. 381,b In No. 376,a the “ president” or mayor Hermogenes is mentioned where we find in No. 376,b the “ night- watch commander ”’ Macarius. Cf. for these offices Oertel, Liturgie, p. 281 ff. and p. 343 ff. No. 376,b PSI 23,b TRANSCRIPTION Swe ayaly Tvyn twavyyc BVA IS WA WTLKTLOVOC emt vuKTOCTpaTHyo|v| 33. .. pakapioc epperov Sec-Xoc 34. Gy dioxAnTiavov f a npepac pawgu Soe CKopTLw fd 36. adporidn: troforn 37. apne atyoyepw 38. Kpovoc ceAqvy ixOver: 39. Cleve 8[dupocc | 40. yAtoc Eppnc Cvyw: 41. KAnpoc tvxyc Kpw 31: The line drawn between lines 31 and 32 belongs actually to the end of the preceding horoscope (No. 338). 32 BeckKoc: 6 =g and x=d. TRANSLATION 31. With good fortune. Joannes (or Joanna?) 32. Oth indiction in the time of Night-watch commander 33. Macarius, son of Hermias Gesdos (?) 34. 93rd (year) of Diocletian, 1st hour of day, Phaophi 15 35. Horoscopos in Scorpio 36. Venus in Sagittarius 37. Mars in Capricorn 38. Saturn (and) moon in Pisces 39. Jupiter in Gemini 40. sun (and) Mercury in Libra 41. Lot of Fortune in Aries COMMENTARY A duplicate of this horoscope is No. 376,a. This should be consulted for the commentary to both texts. No. 381,a PSI 22,c TRANSCRIPTION 21. yevecic Kvpoc [S|E dcoxAnriavov 22, PEXELP KE é: 7) nLEpac 255 6 > KApKLVw ¢ 24. Leve: bvyw: 25. qAtoc: apportion: eppyc: ixOver: 26. apyc: Kpovoc: Tavpw: 27. cednvy: didvporc 28. KAnpoc tvyne Cvyw: TRANSLATION Nativity of Cyrus, [9]7th (year) of Diocletian Mekheir 25, 9th hour of day Horoscopos in Cancer . Jupiter in Libra . sun, Venus, (and) Mercury in Pisces Mars (and) Saturn in Taurus . moon in Gemini Lot of Fortune in Libra COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 This is the third horoscope of PSI 22; cf. the com- mentary to No. 338. A duplicate is No. 381,b. Text and computation agree perfectly for Diocletian 97, VII (a) 25 = 381 February 19. Text Computed ish Ss about 2 p.m. 4 [=] = 28 © x 2 g x x 20 fe) x% 20 3) Ss el 6 b § Smee C x 18 Also the Lot of Fortune is correctly computed, following the relation Ap =An + (Ac —Ao). No. 381,b PSI 24,4 TRANSCRIPTION YEVECLC KUpOc ce dioKAnTLavov PEXELP KE 6 nplepac & Kapk | wo . Seve [fvyw nArrloc : apportion eppnc xPv[cu] apne: Kpovov: . Taupo: cedlnv]n: diSupoce : - KA(ypoc) ruxlyc] Evye 30: The line drawn below line 30 belongs to the end of the preceding horoscope (No. 385). TRANSLATION Nativity of Cyrus . 97th (year) of Diocletian, Mekheir 25 9th hour of day. Horoscopos in Cancer . Jupiter [in Libra.] Sun, Venus, (and) Mercury in Pisces. Mars (and) Saturn in Taurus. Moon in Gemini Lot of Fortune in Libra COM MENTARY A duplicate of this horoscope is No. 381,a. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 385—No. 431 as No. 385 PSI 24,c TRANSCRIPTION 20. yevlectle vyctia y Kar arrodAdwvia 21. pa alo] SvoKAntiavo em cepnvou 22. aptle|u8wpov mpoedpevovtoc 23. dlappolvh wo & npepac § davovcipe 24. [ dd}vpore 25, kpo|voc :] apync . Kapka : 26. celAlyvn: rapbeva : Zoe tev[c :] adpotion: txOuce: 28. nAdlole: Kpww: Tavpo: 29. kAnpoe Tuxne Cvyw : 23: The sign before gavovcipe indicates that ¢avouvcipe belongs to the end of line 22. 23 16: Clearly 16 is not 76; cf. commentary. TRANSLATION 20. Nativity of Nestia, also called Apollonia 21. 101st (year) from Diocletian in the presidency 22. of Serenus (son of (?)) Artemidoros Phanousire 23. Pharmouthi 14,(?) hour of day. 24. Horoscopos in Gemini 25. Saturn (and) Mars in Cancer 26. moon in Virgo 27. Jupiter (and) Venus in Pisces 28. sun in Aries, (Mercury) in Taurus 29. Lot of Fortune in Libra COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 The text agrees closely with the computation for Dio- cletian 101 VIII(a) 14 = 385 April 9. Text Computed H sa about 10 a.m. 17) be os 8) 3 i %5 23 C mM m 18 2 * 4 9 ! s x 10 © ae se AO fe) 3 3S Lot of Fort. = From = 28 to m, 28 The position of the moon shows that one must read “Pharmouthi 14 (?)th hour of the day” and not “ Pharmouthi 10, 4th hour of the day” because on the latter date the moon would be in %5 6. Computing the longitude Ay of the Lot of Fortune using the formula Ar = du + (AC — Ao) one obtains for Ay a point in = if Aq falls in the last two degrees of 1%. Hence the hour must be somewhat before noon. No. 394 P. Oslo 165 TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION I (erovc) pla ihe (Year) et 2. pyvoc xox Xr 2. month Choiak 30 3 @ Y vuKToc 3. 3rd hour of night. 4. @ deovre 4. Horoscopos in Leo, 5. Kpovoc ckop Sh SEhsbrsa shal Scorpio, 6. Cenc Nae 6. Jupiter [ (and) Venus] remainder destroyed [7. in Sagittarius ] COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 For the date given in the text, Diocletian III IV (a) 30 = 394 December 26, one obtains agreement with the preserved date: Text Computed fee aD 7 P.M. bo ml m 10 2 # 20 pe a5 This result was established by Heegaard [1] p. 100 (1936): No. 431 P. Mich. 153 TRANSCRIPTION pyn d.oKAnTLavov Ow6 KE P € wKroc nAvoc cvyw Eplenc cvyo appoditn Cvyw Kpwvoc atyoKepw Leve vdpuxwou apne Aewvre ceAnvnc cKopmiw f sdyune ROO ee nag — TRANSLATION (Year) 148 of Diocletian Thoth 27, 5th hour of the night sun in Libra Mercury in Libra Venus in Libra Saturn in Capricorn Jupiter in Aquarius ESE ern TE 74 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 431—No. 478 8. Mars in Leo 9. moon in Scorpio 10. Horoscopos Gemini COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 8 This text is unusually well preserved and there cannot be the slightest doubt of the correctness of the readings. Computation, however, shows that several elements given in the text are at fault. For 431 September 25 one obtains: ? Text Computed TMA os P cs 10 1x © HSOCRSh bh Sha os ai he akout 10 P.M. The cause of these errors is difficult to detect. No improvement results from calculations based on the assumption that the scribe still wrote Diocletian 148 when he should have written 149. Another source of error might have been the use of the Egyptian calendar for the computation of the planetary longitudes, but again no improvement is gained. In fact no date reasona- bly close to the year Diocletian 148 can be made to correspond to the data of the text. No. 465 PSI 25 TRANSCRIPTION amo 8.oxAytiavov pra] pecopyn KO P a ylpepac] $ rapbevw Kpovoc tx@ncu Ceve cKopmw ap[nle [8:]8yp[orc] al ppo]8i8n Acovte eplulje Acovte nAvoc mapbeye oo ar [ceA]nvn vopoxow TRANSLATION (Year) 1[81] from Diocletian Mesore 29th, 1st hour of day. Horoscopos in Virgo Saturn in Pisces Se Set) = * The longitudes of the planets, given in vol. III p. 122 of the P. Mich., are incorrect. Jupiter in Scorpio Mars in Gemini Venus in Leo Mercury in Leo sun in Virgo moon in Aquarius So — COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 9 The only possible date within the century in question is Diocletian 181 XII(a) 29465 August 22. One finds for this date the following positions: exe Computed AOmoa pw] RE OOHK SKS No. 478 P. Oxy. 2060 TRANSLATION 1+ No. 478 Christos ( ?) Pacem ] of the lord Anubis(?). Year of the blessed reign of Diocletian 194; month Epiphi >, day <| anus | Sun in Cancer 5 degrees 50 minutes Moon in Sagittarius 17 degrees 10 minutes Saturn in Virgo 6 degrees [..] minutes Jupiter in Capricorn 0 degrees [..] minutes Mars in Taurus 18 [degrees ..] minutes Venus [in Cancer RBH OOANANFWN — as 4: the editors restore nlwepac wpa ..]. The almost contempo- rary horoscopes, Nos. L 479, L 486, L 487, however, suggest the mention of the day of the week in the form y[uepa dioc wpa ..]. In line 9 the editors read Xn» (38) but no zodiacal sign can contain more than 30 degrees. The emendation im (18) is con- firmed by computation. * The original of this text is unfortunately lost. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: No. 478 COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 9 According to the printed text line 1 contains the monogram 5 which is customary for ypicroc. The second line, written by another hand, ends in “ the lord Anup.” This might be an invocation of “the lord Anubis”’; to call Anubis «vpios would be in line with common Egyptian usage to call a god “the lord” of a locality. 2 Given erroneously as 498 in the edition. is) The date of the horoscope is Diocletian 194 XI(a) 5 which corresponds to 478 June 29.2 For this date one finds: woos PRP TFALO Text i & GS a Computed kyx« Sos wb 8 7 ff 4 14 12 Text—comp. = 3° 0 —1 —4 +4 Il. THE HOROSCOPES FROM LITERARY SOURCES No. L — 71 CCAG 8,4 p. 236,24 to 237,10 INTRODUCTION Through an excerpt from Balbillus on the “ Method concerning the length of life from starter and de- stroyer ” two very early horoscopes are preserved, one for —71 December 27, the other for —42 January 16. Balbillus is well known as the astrologer of Nero and Vespasian. His father Thrasyllus served Tiberius and Claudius in the same capacity.t Thus it is not surprising to find Balbillus in possession of case histories from the first century B.C. The text of the chapter which contains the two horo- scopes, as published in CCAG 8,4 p. 235,1 to p. 238,2, is based on two manuscripts: A = Paris. 2506 and P = Paris. 2425.2 In A the elements for the positions of the celestial bodies are given for both horoscopes as a rather chaotic sequence of numbers and planetary sym- bols. The text of P proceeds in sentences, but is very defective for the first horoscope (which is the chrono- logically later one), thus making it necessary to rely for the first horoscope almost entirely on the data in A. Since the method of investigation of the text A is the same for both horoscopes, we combine here the dis- cussion of both cases, following the order of the text, without anticipating the establishment of the actual chronological order, which would give the second horo- scope precedence over the first. It is on the basis of two remarks that it becomes possible to bring sense into the data of the version in A: (a) except for some obvious errors and omissions, all zodiacal signs are enumerated in their proper order, starting with the sign of the Horoscopos—and (0) these signs are counted consecutively by numbers from 1 to 12, or, to use astrological terminology, the numbers of the twelve loci are cited one by one. That this is the case becomes immediately evident if one writes down the text of A in twelve single lines, one for each sign and locus, but without otherwise dis- turbing the order given in the text; * two omissions are restored in [ |. For the sake of clarity the numbers of the loci are printed in bold face; only the remaining numbers can present degrees of longitude. We ignore, of course, the punctuation of the printed text. * Cf. eg., Cramer, ARLP, passim. °CCAG 8,4 p. 235, apparatus. ° Cf. the critical apparatus in CCAG 8,4 p. 236 concerning the lines 9 to 14 and concerning p. 236,24 to p. 237,4. 76 H- wO© 91 > 5 2 IL @ Teer [2] a 3 3€ 4 20 4 ° mu 5 mM 2 54 £xz(emends Segue 6° = 7.24 % 9 1 (emend: eee 8 wé (emend: 8 Sv) 9 m [10] M =~ 3 i, ol ip OS (emend: 11 m & 4) 12 xe 1/7 A sequence, like the above, can be easily explained as the result of converting into a running list, the numbers and symbols read off from a diagram, sometimes con- fusing, omitting, or repeating the entries found in the consecutive fields of the diagram. For a typical example of a diagram, as they appear in manuscripts, cf. figure 20 peace In the first line we have to ignore the repetition of 9, and we must combine réros with 1 and probably place it at the beginning: 1H WY © 9 } 5 @ ee fe TOTOS The same scheme is then followed throughout. In locus 5 MN is an easily explicable misreading of a common form of the symbol for Taurus, written with an upwards- bent tail, exactly as the symbol for Scorpio.* In locus 7 2£ must be an error, since the position of Jupiter was given before in locus 3 as ¥ 20, which is confirmed by a subsequent reference (p. 236,21 f.). The explanation of the error comes from the next horoscope. There we find, in the same locus, 2 # instead of 7 #. Obviously ’==7 was misinterpreted as the symbol {(e)s. Thus we have in the first case simply a repetition of the num- ber 7 of the locus. In locus 8 the symbol for wé&, which is the inverted symbol for #jépa, is easily explained as a misreading of the symbol for Leo.’ In locus 11 for e the copyist was obviously influenced by the entries in locus 5 for 8, and similarly the number 1 in locus 7 for A probably refers to locus 1 for H. In the same fashion we can also analyze the data of the second horoscope, though here the disturbances in A are more serious. Fortunately P is in this case com- plete and can-be used in combination with A. The loci, *Cf., eg. cod. Laur. Plut. 28,14 fol. 309", 44. reproduced CCAG 4, plate 1. The inverse error, § for M, is found CCAG 8. p. 253514 (Cf also feed p. ol: > CCAG 4 plate 1, line 7 and 5; wv instead of 2 is found CCAG 8,1 p. 253,14. EI TERARY SOURCES: No, L—-71 77 however, are not mentioned in P,° a fact which supports our assumption that A does not reproduce a running text but a diagram with consecutively numbered fields. In the following list we represent, as before, the text of A in the order of the manuscript. The order of P is the planetary order (except for interchanging @ and 8 ) and is therefore not shown in the following table. uN P Hx 1 Cement ie a1) een, Suen Zac) 2... 2:7or0s) 25. (Cj locus, 2) 3 SU 4 tp S& Cat « 4, 2 14 5 = 5 m « 4 (read 6) AO a. Bt (read &’ = 7, not f&(ev)s) peo ae) 22 (read, —8). = 4, Gq) 22 Sh ee (cf. locus 2) 8 12, 3 14 [10] M % fa’ 92 25 @725 1 at 1 ae’ (read 12) The entry in locus 2 is obviously misplaced, since Mer- cury cannot be in locus 2, when the sun is in locus 8. Undoubtedly, the version of P is here the correct one. We have no explanation for the entries Su £’ a’ in locus 4, and for ¢’ a’ in the diametrically opposite locus 10, nor for a’ B’ in locus 7. Since these letters certainly do not represent degree numbers they have no importance for the establishment of the astronomical conditions. The only element that remains doubtful is the position of the moon: M4 according to P, mM 4 according to A. The version of A is supported by the statement that neither sun nor moon was in a center, whereas 1 would be in Lower Midheaven. TRANSLATION) OF) [y= —9/ | And again he says that for another theme the moon was in Scorpio *® 4 degrees, the sun in Capricorn 22,° and Saturn in Capricorn 4 degrees, and Jupiter in Virgo 14 degrees, and Mars in Aquarius 14 degrees, and Mer- cury in Aquarius 12 degrees, and Venus in Pisces 25 degrees, and the Horoscopos in Gemini.?® And, since the luminaries (sun and moon) did not fall in a center, he went to the epanaphorai, and he did not take the Horoscopos as starter, nor the sun, which was in epana- phora of the setting point, but he took Saturn in Capri- corn as starter. And this, I think, because it (Saturn) °In the printed text of P some of the numbers of the loci were erroneously joined to the degree numbers of the positions ; this is the case for Horoscopos, sun, and Venus. “CCAG 8,4 p. 236 ad locum: ¢ deinde signum dubium. ® Following A; P has Virgo. ® The Editor added here, incorrectly, from the manuscript A the number 9. 1° Again the numbers 1 2, added by the editor from A, do not belong here. had the greater claim in the theme and was in his own house (V3). And he says that Mars in Aquarius is the destroyer and he computed the distance from Aries to Mars, and so long, he said, would be the length of life. COMMENTARY For —/1 January 21 one finds on the basis of the positions given in A (cf. figure 13a) : Ficure 13a. Text Computed Text — comp. is i ales about 4 P.M. 2 m 14 tm 14 0) C m 4 == 29 + 5 b vs 4 VS 7 == Or Vse22 Ww 30 —8 fs) van es ey: ——5 3 ae ket ae 6 +8 M x 2 x 25 x 15 + 10 In the version of P the moon is placed in m4. This would lead to a date 5 days earlier, a change without influence on the positions of the outer planets. Other- wise one would have for January 16: Text Computed Text — comp. C m 4 Gi, Zo +8 Cn Vee 22 vs 25 — 3 3 jee Me a: —2 Q 25 + 10 + 15 The date Jan. 21 seems preferable for Venus and it avoids having the moon in a center (1 = IMC), con- trary to the text. In the astrological section it is explained why Saturn in V3 4 is considered to be the starter, Mars in 14 the destroyer. The length of life is then determined by the number of degrees “from Aries to Mars.” In view of the treatment of the next horoscope, No. L — 42, we are probably entitled to interpret this procedure more 78 LITERARY SOURCES Now 2) —/1 = Noses o/eandsos accurately as measuring the arc between Mars (47 14) and the quartile of the starter, ie. Y 4 (cf. figure 13a). The result would be an arc of 50°, indicating a lifetime of 50 years. Judging from many similar discussions of the duration of life in the work of Vettius Valens, we may assume that our present horoscope is taken from an actual case history and would not have been recorded earlier than 22 B.c. No. L —42 CCAG 8,4 p. 236,8 to 23 TRANSLATION He also says that there are four destroyers: sun, moon, Saturn, Mars. He also gives the following example for starter and destroyer: {The sun (and) the Horoscopos in 9 degrees of Capricorn, and Saturn in the same (sign), 5 degrees} Vienus 11°, Mars 12 Walocus. 1.* [locus ) 2s sepme oes) 3: ><, a0 eae octs) 4: 7. (Locus) 5: 8, ascending node 4°. (Locus) 6: mm 2 ( Locus 7 seat (Locus) 82 (ot yeaieecus )'9: TM. [ (Locus) 10,] Midheaven: + 3°. (Locus) 11: ™, descending node 4°. (Locus) 12: #, Mercury 17°, moon 19°. And he says that the sun is the starter of the theme, whereas Mars could not become destroyer, because Venus is rising after it (the sun) within 8°,° although he (Mars) is in his own exaltation (v3). And so one comes to the destructive sign, which is the one rising before the starter, i.e., Sagittarius. And finding there the moon (in 7# 19), he says that it becomes the destroyer. Taking the orbit of the sun up to the quartile of the degree of the moon (7 19), i.e. Pisces 19, then, he says, comes the destruction. Jupiter, being in Pisces, 20 degrees,* was not able to assist, because the moon is located in the destructive sign (7). COMMENTARY For the restoration of the text cf. the introduction to No. L —71. The first element to be discussed is the statement that Midheaven (M) is in = 3 while the Horoscopos (H) is in V99 (cf. figure 135). But if V399 rises at the latitude of Alexandria, about + 26;30 is culminating and not = 3; and the discrepancy could only be worse for places farther north. If we ask, however, which point is rising at Alexandria if = 3 culminates, then we obtain 7 19, i.e. the position of the moon. Since the sun is also located in H, the place of the moon coin- * Following P. ° Following, from now on, A. We ignore the repetition of 9 (the longitude of © and H) and combine rézos with a’. A synodic period of Venus is 8 years; cf. CCAG 84 p. 235,7 £. and p. 237,18 ff. * Probably error for 8 degrees; cf. the commentary. Figure 13b. cides with the Lot of Fortune. Thus M is reckoned from the Lot of Fortune,’ not from H. For the remaining positions we get sufficiently good agreement for — 42 December 27 to secure this date: Text Computed Text — Comp. He yseco. sunrise © Fy eso ys 4 +5 b v3 5 ys 4 +1 f°) VS*il vs 14 —3 3 Vo™12 vs 4 +8 a. % 20 [or 3] * 5 + 15 for + 3] 2 u 4 Teel ol [+ 3] 8 x 17 x 10 +7 q #7 19 Eas Ls The entry for the node was probably made in the wrong sector of the diagram or right on the boundary, such that it could be interpreted as belonging to 8 instead of to Y. In the case of Jupiter, 20 is probably a mis- reading for 8, since x and y are often indistinguishable _ in manuscripts of the Byzantine period. Since the present horoscope as well as No. L —71 belongs to a chapter on the length of life, “ starter ” and “destroyer”? are determined: the sun in V39 is the starter, the moon in # 19 the destroyer. Then the quartile 3€ 19, to the destroyer, is considered (cf. figure 13D) and analogy to the procedure in No. L —71 leads us to restore the conclusion that the span of life allotted was 70 years, corresponding to the arc from V39 to 7 19. This would mean a recording of our horoscope not before a.p. 28. Nos. L 37 and 68 Vettius Valens V,11 p. 233,25 to 234,30 TRANSLATION AND SUMMARY The preceding is the table of the common return of the planets to the (same) intervals and (the same) ° Cf. Introduction p. 8. LIDERARY "SOURCES = eNos. 1) 37 and 68—— No, 140 combinations.t As for example: sun, Mars, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius. Moon in Leo, Saturn in Virgo, Jupiter in Scorpio, Venus in Capricorn. The moon is allotted the second (interval) since she is second (counting zodiacal signs) from Saturn; likewise also the sun and Mars, Mercury (and) Horoscopos (with reference) to Venus. [In the same fashion all “‘ intervals ” are enumerated, up to 12 signs. The “trias” is assigned to Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus, because Jupiter is in the third sign counting from Saturn, Venus in the third sign counting from Jupiter. Thus to these three planets “is allotted the triad of the nativity.” The enumeration of all possible intervals leads some- how to the result that the configurations 31 years later * must be considered. Then the following situation is encountered : | So in case of the preceding nativity, the stars at the time were sun, Jupiter, (and) Mercury in Gemini, Saturn in Virgo, Mars (and) Venus in Taurus, moon im Pisces, . [There now follows again a discussion of intervals combined with “returns” which probably means that the combined intervals should make a total of 12. Because in the initial horoscope © é 8 and Horo- scopos are associated with the interval 10 (from »%), whereas in the new configuration this interval is found for © 8 2 »b, the first quadruple turns over its in- fluence to the second. | COMMENTARY Diagrams: pls. 10 and 11 The given positions lead to the dates 37 December 15 and 68 June 11 respectively. The interval,? however, is not exactly 31 Egyptian years but only 30 Egyptian years months and fAlays. For the earlier horoscope one finds excellent agree- ment for 37 December 15: Text Computed x 23 -” 27 rie A about sunrise Se, T™ 27 m 14 vs 24 x oP a A Tc os © BSsgO 1 This table is missing in the manuscripts, though space has been left free for it. Perhaps it is taken from Critodemus (cf. Kroll p. 233,22). 2In IV,.2 (Kroll p. 159,4) a petiod of 32 years 3 months is mentioned after which a new cycle begins. *Tt amounts to 11136 days. 79 The later configuration leads to 68 June 11: exe Computed x 18 pi TM 6) Notice the fact of the accurate return of Saturn to the same longitude. No. L 40 CCAG 8,2 p. 84,1 to p. 85,10 TRANSLATION This is what Antigonus says in his abridgment of the writings of the ancients about the said nativity ; a second one * he quotes as follows: Assume that somebody has the sun in Aries about ? 19° in terms of Mercury, the moon in Gemini 15°, terms of Venus; Saturn in Libra about 20°, terms of Jupiter, in opposition,? Jupiter in Aquarius 6°, terms of Mercury at* morning rising, Mars in Aries about 15°, terms of Mercury, Venus similarly in Aries about 5°, terms of Jupiter, Mercury in Aries about 6°, and the three (planets) Mercury, Venus, Jupiter are (located) towards setting. And the Horoscopos is in Cancer 24°, the setting point-similarly in Capricorn 24°. The upper culmination in Aries 10°, the lower (culmination)® in Libra 10 and, as he says, Mars will be the ruler of the nativity. After 3 days from the birth the moon will be in Cancer, after 7 in Virgo, after 40 in Scorpio. The (person) who has the stars in this way (as his nativity ) will be very distinguished, of very distinguished (ancestors ),a person of authority and punisher of many, and very wealthy, because both the moon and Jupiter were in the triangle of Saturn (1% = 4“), the moon in Gemini and Jupiter in Aquarius, but unjust and not accused because of the position of Mars and Mercury near Midheaven, both being invisible,** very distinguished because of the four stars (© 6 @ ¥%) being in Mid- heaven (YY). The preceding conjunction also was in the same sign; for the preceding conjunction has no little power when it happens to be at a center and especially when the Horoscopos or Midheaven is con- cerned. And he was indifferent to female(?) inter- * The first one is the nativity of Hadrian; cf. No. L 76. ° rept here and in the following. * dxpovuxos; cf., e.g., P. Mich. 149, XI, 9-11. * aad. ° The terminology is of interest: boyecov respectively. °8 Yratyos i.e., under the rays of the sun. brépyerov pecovpaynua and 80 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L40 course ® and sordid toward males, especially because Mars? had its position with Venus and Mercury in Aries, which is a vicious (sign), and (because) Venus (in Y ) was looked upon by Saturn (in =) in quartile,® and (because) all these stars were in male signs. The sun being in its own exaltation () and at Midheaven and attended in the same sign by the stars (@ ¥% and 2£) which precede it, and Jupiter being in Aquarius, the stars which precede the sun® up to quartile position “attend” the sun ?° and make the nativity magnificent and illustrious. The moon (in 3) waxing in the trigonal configuration with Saturn (in ==) and Jupiter (in &) also’ effected a happy and very wealthy (theme) and a person who provided many dedications and gifts for his fatherland. [At the lower margin of fol. 133” is given a diagram (in the same hand as the text) which shows the same positions as given in the text, except for the moon 3 25 (text? 0 15). and tom Satummys 5 (text: = 20). In the edition no mention is made of this diagram and the variants it contains | COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 10 The three horoscopes Nos. L 40, L 76, and L 113,1V are preserved through Hephaistion (fourth century) who took them from a work of Antigonus. As Kroll realized,1* No. L 76 is the horoscope of Hadrian, who died in July 138. Cumont suggested for No. L 113,1V Pedanius Fuscus, Hadrian’s grandnephew as the sub- ject,127 who was executed in 137/138. We shall see presently that the relationship between the rising (H) and the culminating degree (M) in No. L40 as well as in No. L76 agrees exactly with the geographical latitude of southern Spain,'® the place of origin of Hadrian and his family. One might therefore con- jecture that the subject of L 40 was also a member of Hadrian’s family, e.g., his father. Cramer (ARLP p. 177) considers also Servianus, the grandfather of Pe- danius Fuscus. The data of the horoscope No. L 40 lead to a.p. 40, April 5 as date of birth ° apos d€ Tas Oedelas (i.e. Ondelas ?) pikers. “Tncorrectly given in the edition (p. 84, 25) as Jupiter. * According to the text, which is confirmed by computation, in +20 at diameter. The diagram, however, shows Saturn in \3 5 thus in quartile to Venus. ° In the direction of the daily rotation. *° Cf. for this concept Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 252 ff. ** CCAG 6 p. 67 and CCAG 8,2 p. 83 note 1. * CCAG 8,2 p. 85 note 1. *° Cf. below p. 91 and p. 136 respectively. Text Computed Text—comp. © gp Ie x 14 + 5° ( Silos ie: pre IL + 4 b = 20 = 20 0 24 ten) V3 29 + 7 3 SO be) Sp +6 2 IPs 3 29 + 6 8 Fee G 3 26 + 10 Tel ehavel AN % and vs 24 ~=about noon MandIMC Y and=10 ¥ and= 10 prec. conj. wf March 30: 7 8 For the culminating sign, agreement is obtained if one uses the clima of Rhodes, to which southern Spain belongs. It is of course possible to question the value of such an agreement since we do not know the tables which were used by Antigonus.1® It is only because of the repetition of the same type of agreement in No. L 76 that a mere accident appears less likely. Except for Saturn ’’ the deviations between ancient and modern longitude are of the order of magnitude to be expected for the first century and also agree with the figures in No. L 76. It is obviously correct to say that » (in = 20) is in opposition to the sun (in Y 19). Jupiter is beyond its morning rising (1) but still proceeding with direct motion. Because ¥ 10 is culminating, & (in 7 6), @ (in f 5), and 2 (in #6) are beyond culmination and moving toward setting. The preceding conjunction of the moon (on March 31) is correctly located in . The future positions also are in the proper signs: after 3 days: Api 73 3 17, after 7 days: Apr. 12 mM 7 after 40 days: May 15 these The lunar positions after 7 days and after 40 days are also investigated in No. L113,IV. The moon after 7 days is considered in No. L 479, after 3 days in No. L487. The rising of Jupiter after 7 days is noted in No. L 76, Hadrian’s horoscope, and the positions of the moon and of Mars and Saturn after 40 days are com- puted. An interval of danger of 40 days because of Mars oceurs in No. — 3. Mercury and the 7th day are men- tioned in No. 81 (col. VII) ; cf. also No. 345. “Tn diagram: 325. The value of the text is confirmed by our computation. *° In diagram: \$5(!). This would be in the terms of Venus and not of Jupiter as required by the text, nor in trine with the moon in J and Jupiter in *, though in quartile to Venus in . **Tt must be admitted that the procedure of Paulus Alexan- drinus (cf. p. 10) leads, for Alexandria and System A, to M = ¥ 10;20. No such agreement is found, however, for No. L 76. *7 No emendation of the text is possible since Saturn (in +) is in the terms of Jupiter which extend only to ~ 21. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L.50— No, L61,V 81 No. L 50 was found in Midheaven with respect to the Lot of Fortune,’ it made the nativity more illustri Vettius Valens II,21 p. 83,10-26 3 es ta INTRODUCTION Chapter II,21 consists of 14 examples, the first and earliest of which is No. L 50. Three of them are used once more in later chapters and for different purposes. The following is the complete list of their dates: (a) 50 Oct: 25 p. 83,10-26 (b) 95 May 18 p. 83,27-p. 84,2 te) 65 Febr: 5 p. 84,3-11 (d@) 83 Apr. 28 12-22 (e) 74 Nov. 26 23-33 (7) /z jan. .6 p. 85,1-8 cg) ~82 July 9 9-18 (h) 97 Nov. 6 19-24 (1) 95 May 14 p. 85,25-p. 86,3 (7), .05 Oct. 31 p. 86,4-9 ee 105*Janot 10-16 (2p Ol May 1 17-23 (m) 109 June 3 24-31 (pe Oo fan. 22 p. 86,32-p. 87,4 For the details see the commentaries to the individual horoscopes. TRANSLATION To make clear the preceding (chapters) we shall use examples, taking first a distinguished nativity. Let the sun be in Scorpio, the moon in Cancer, Saturn in Aquarius, Jupiter in Sagittarius, Mars in Scorpio, Venus in Libra, Mercury in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Libra. Since, then, the nativity is nocturnal, I look for the moon ; this happens to be in Cancer, in trine with Mars. And we find the (star) of Mars in epanaphora in his own house (1), triangle (™, ¥, %), and sect;? then (we find) Venus sharing (rulership) with Mars, since she is in the Horoscopos and in her own house (=) ; and third (we find) the moon in Midheaven in its own house (25). It is evident, then, that the nativity is a notable one, since the rulers are in their own domains. And looking for the Lot (of Fortune) I found it in Aquarius ; ? Saturn is there, is the ruler, is in the (5th) locus of Good Fortune (.~’), and is in his own house and triangle. Similarly Jupiter (in #) has the 11th locus with respect to the Lot of Fortune, that is the locus of accomplishment. And I took also the exalta- tion of the nativity * which, from the moon to Taurus, is 11 (signs) and the same number (counted) from the Horoscopos in Libra fell in Leo in the Locus of the Agathos Daimon; the sun is ruler of this,* and since it + Cf. Introduction p. 12. ?From Ar =An— (AQ — Ney) = 4 =~. ° Cf. Introduction p. 7. distinguished. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 10 Computation shows agreement for A.p. 50 October 25: Text ° Computed Caen men C o5 os 16 b pee cae) 2 i se. 8 3 m e271) Q its = 2] ts) ™m m 13 Jel oe about 4 a.m. No. L 61,V Vettius Valens II,21 p. 86,17-23 TRANSLATION Sun, Venus, (and) Horoscopos in Taurus, moon in Aquarius, Saturn in Cancer, Jupiter in Libra, Mars (and) Mercury in Gemini. In the first periods (or times) he had great political prestige and affairs and positions of trust; for the rulers (@ and () of the triangle (& MVS) happened to be in centers (H and M respectively). But later he was brought down in life and became a vagabond; for Mars and Mercury were in opposition to (the Locus of) accomplishment! and the rulers (% and 2) of the Lot (of Fortune?) and of the (Locus of) accomplishment * were in apoklima. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 10 For 61 May 1 one finds Text Computed © i OS 2 3 S Be H about sunrise C fae ee AS b o5 OR ye 2 =a. =. 27 ca moe 2 Sap se 4 For related horoscopes cf. No. L 50. “Leo is the house of the sun. °If x (the Lot of Fortune) is rising then m (the place of the sun) is in Midheaven. * Note that the arrangement follows strictly the order from © to H instead of combining those which fall in the same sign. No. L 61,V * The 11th locus from the Lot of Fortune (%), thus #7. * Computing for daytime one finds A» =u + (A —Ne) i= 6 + 9°=*w; and & is a house of Saturn. ° A house of Jupiter is 7. 82 LITERARY SOURCES? Nos iol No. L 61,X Vettius Valens III,8 (p. 143,5 ff.) and VIII,8 (p. 318,15 ff.) INTRODUCTION Chapter III,8 and the first half of VIII,8 are parallel versions of the same text. Kroll seems not to have recognized this fact, or, if he did, made no attempt to restore an intelligible text. Calling the two versions A and B respectively (A =p. 143,5 to p. 144,12; B=p. 318,15 to p. 319,17) we shall give in the fol- lowing translation a text which is relatively consistent, quoting in the notes the version which we reject, though only in cases of significant differences. It is an immediate and obvious consequence of a com- parison of the two versions III,8 and VIII,8 that their titles refer in fact to two different chapters: one “ On the hostile places and stars”’ the text of which is given by A and B, the second “ On the critical places according to the first table of Critodemus” the text of which is only preserved in the second half of VIII,8 beginning with the words ‘* We must first speak about the con- struction of the table ...” (p. 319,18 Kroll), Both versions have combined these two titles into one, though B is closer to the original meaning: ‘‘ On the hostile places and stars; on the critical places according to the first table.’ In A we read “On the hostile stars and critical places; on the first table of Critodemus.” We shall see that the example quoted in this chapter can in all probability be dated October 61 A.v. In it a system of “terms” is used which assigns “ terms ” not only to the planets but also to sun and moon. This system is so far only known from Vettius Valens III,9 (p. 144f. Kroll; cf. Bouché-Leclercq AG p. 213f.). Perhaps the association with a chapter which seems to come from Critodemus points to the same author as inventor of this particular procedure. TRANSLATION On the hostile places and stars. It is necessary to investigate the hostile places and stars not only with respect to the other (planets) but also for the Horoscopos and sun and moon. Because these, also, when ' they come into diameter during their travel? indicate crisis and death. Thus one must in- vestigate, in the case of Saturn, the degrees at diameter, to which god the terms * belong, as given in the table. And the person will die when Saturn is there or in the square of the Horoscopos or (in the places) with the same rising time, according to the combination of time in the squares of the Horoscopos or (in the places) +B kat, A éav. 2 om. A. * Last part of sentence omitted in A. with the same rising time.* The same must be done also for the other stars because the rulers of the terms of the diametrically opposite degrees are hostile. If these planets come to the places (where the rulers of the diameter-terms are) or in (the places) with the same + rising time, then they indicate destruction. Thus let Saturn be in Cancer 21 degrees, terms of Venus. At diameter is Capricorn (21°), terms of Mars, who was* in Taurus 27 degrees. He will die when Saturn is there. He died (when Saturn was) in Virgo because it is in its square, reckoned by degrees.® Jupiter 7 in Scorpio 14 degrees, terms of Saturn. The 14th (degree) of Taurus is in the terms of Saturn. But it does not become hostile to itself. Now Leo has the same rising time as Scorpio and the 14th degree of Leo is in the terms of the sun. Thus Jupiter destroys when it comes to the places of the sun.® Mars in Taurus 27, terms of the sun. The same degrees of Scorpio are in the terms of the sun.® But it does not become hostile to itself. Thus one must investi- gate the 27 degrees in Leo or in (the sign of) equal rising time (with & ) which is Aquarius *° according to hourly distinctions ; ** but the 27 (degrees) of Aquarius are in the terms of Venus. Thus he will die when Mars is in Scorpio or in Pisces, which are of equal rising time, or in their squares. If anyone reckons the 27 of Leo he will find the terms of Saturn. Saturn was in Cancer; thus he will die when Mars is in Cancer or in Sagittarius or their squares. Venus in Scorpio 27 degrees, terms of the sun. The 27 degrees of Taurus at diameter are in the terms of the sun. But it does not become hostile to itself. Thus I investigate in (the sign of) equal rising time, Scorpio, the 27 (degrees) ; they are in the terms of Mercury. He will die when Venus is in Virgo where Mercury was; or in their squares. The same should be done with Mercury. Also for illnesses it is necessary to investigate the diametrically opposite places and what planet is located in the hostile places ** and (the stars) which cause the crises of months, days, and hours according to the degree ** of the moon from which the opposing star is found. soe AN ° A has here #\os which is excluded by the positions of Venus and Mercury given later on. “The data are too incomplete to check what is meant by “reckoned by degree.” ome Be *B: ... becomes hateful in (the place) of the same rising time and there it kills. °B: of the moon. *° Gemini in B. The rest of the sentence is omitted in B until “terms.” ™ Perhaps referring to time units instead of degrees. 1° Error for Aquarius. A: émt rods éxOpois tporas (!) dvras instead of él rots €xOpots rémos SyTa in B. *4 Lit.: thirtieth. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L61,X — No. L62 83 Then *° from sun, moon, and Horoscopos the starter will be determined or else from the star found following the Horoscopos and so on in order to the other (stars) as they happen to be by sign and degree at time of birth; making the decision for (every period) of 10 years and 9 months.*° COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 10 We have here a doctrine (with example) which re- quires not only the consideration of the longitude A of a planet but also its diameter )1 = A + 180°, the signs of equal rising time a, the “ squares,’ and the terms according to the scheme given in Vettius Valens III,9. Whenever the latter are found to be correct they are the terms at night. Thus we must assume that the example was a case of night birth. It turns out that many of the terms do not agree with the table. In several cases the reason for the disagreement is obvious : in order to discuss also the need for equal rising times and for squares, the terms of X and A should be the same (in order to apply the principle “ nobody is hostile to himself”). Thus one term is found correctly, the other one is then simply assumed to be the same. The following data can be extracted from the example. Pen == > 21 terms of Q (correct ) A= vs 21 terms of 4 (correct) ein © 21 (cf. below ) fan — iil 14 terms of b (no: €) ne 6 14 terms of b (correct) a(S.) =a(m) (correct ) &v 14 terms of © (nos 2°) ee — 6 2/ terms of © (correct, on boundary) A= Mm 27 terms of © (Gs D2) a(S) =a(m) (correct ) SU eas terms of b (no: 3.) b in 25 (cf. above) =a) S.) (correct) es terms of (no: } ) Cee A= 127 terms of © (correct, on boundary ) A= ¥ 27 terms of © (i026 ) a(Sl) =a(mM) (correct) fe) in TR For an attempt to date this horoscope we have to rely on the following elements: Dees 21 On ie 27 2 ty 14 3 mM Saturn and Jupiter for the period of Vettius Valens lead to only three possibilities: A.p. 61, 120, and perhaps 1° This whole final paragraph is missing in B. 16 This refers to a doctrine described in Vettius Valens VI,5 (p. 251 ff. Kroll). 179 or 180. The elongation of at least 57 degrees be- tween Venus and Mercury is only possible when the sun is between these planets. Because of Mercury the sun cannot be beyond about + 25. Because of Venus the sun must be at least in = 10. This leaves us with the narrow interval from about October 4 to October 19. Computing, e.g., for October 7, rules out the two later dates. For 61 October 7 we find excellent agreement.* Computed A ext = nt 30 eZ 8 mm 24 1) Similarly for Saturn and Jupiter: text Computed b oe Pal Soa l7 ma mm 14 me For Mars, however, there is total disagreement: mp 27 instead of & 21 and similar differences for the other years.1* Thus we must assume that the agreement for four planets for 61 October 7 is a mere accident and all five positions were selected arbitrarily. Or, and this seems more plausible, the data except for Mars were taken from a horoscope very close to 61 October 7 and only Mars was differently placed for some reason con- nected with the doctrine to be exemplified. The fact that a whole group of horoscopes between 65 and 123 are supposedly taken from Critodemus (cf. No. L65,V) might be taken as a supporting factor of the date 61 of the present horoscope and its association with Critodemus. No. L 62 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 86,32 to p. 87,4 TRANSLATION Sun in Aquarius, moon (and) Jupiter in Scorpio, Saturn in Cancer, Mars, Venus (and) Mercury in Capricorn, Horoscopos in Pisces. This man was a eunuch priest assigned to the goddess; for the ruler of the Lot (of Fortune+) happened to be in Scorpio, the (9th) locus of the God; and the rulers of the Sect,? *T A closer investigation shows that Venus restricts the dates to the narrow interval from October 4 to October 8 in which it moves from M27 to #2. Mercury remains during this interval at about 24 or 25. ** It is perhaps not an accident that the position of Mars is also entirely wrong in the horoscopes No. L 62 (January 23) and No. L 65 X, both in Vettius Valens II,21. No. L 62 *That is # from Ar = du + (AG Ne) 38 Sagittarius is a house of 2{ which is located in mM. * The birth is diurnal and Saturn belongs to the diurnal sect (cf. Introduction p. 11) and the same holds for Mercury which is morning star. One expects, however, the rulers of the triangle x IL == (b and 8) because the sun is in 77. ew, 84 LITERARY SOURCES: Saturn and Mercury, were found in the (11th) Locus Agathos Daimon (V3), but in opposition.* Wherefore he fell into a great many troubles and losses and offenses against governor and king. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 10 A date for this horoscope can be found within the historically plausible limits only if we assume that Mars is incorrectly placed in V9 with @ and ¥% instead of in M with the moon and Jupiter. For 62 January 22 one finds Text Computed © Be ee «) m 13 ot f m m 29 b o5 os 14 a m 24(!!) | vs ma29(1) 3 vy 6 H aa about 10 a.m. The earliest horoscope in this chapter is No. L 50. No. L 65,V Vettius Valens II,41, p. 130,1 to 5 = CCAG 5,2 p. 121,13 to 16 INTRODUCTION The chapter? “On violent deaths with examples” contains a series of eleven horoscopes, eight of which are also published in CCAG 5,2, this time in a chapter headed “On the yielding of chronocratorship of the planets; (Chapter) 2: The assignments. From the (books) of Critodemus.” As all these horoscopes can be dated within the interval from a.p. 65 to 123 one might be tempted to assign Critodemus to this period, were it not known that he lived before Pliny.” Conse- quently one has to prefer the version of the title which is given in Kroll’s text. The collection of horoscopes is not identical in the two versions as is shown by the following list: Kroll COAG «5,2 Date (a) p. 128,31-37 123 July 2 (b) p. 129,1-7 97 Feb. 23 (c) 8-14 87 July 9 (A) p.120,30-32 112 Aug. 17 * Mercury is in Y3, Saturn in [%5 in opposition to V3. No. L 65,V It is counted as Chapter 40 on the page titles of Kroll’s edition, but as Chapter 41 in the Greek text (p. 123,25) and in the index (p. XIV). ? Cf. the discussion below p. 185. No. L62— No. L65,V (d) p.129,15-17 (B) 33f. 86 Dec. 27 (e) 18-23 (C) p.120,35-p. 101 Jan. 28 121,2 (f) 24-28 (D) 3-7: 103 Jan. 10 (9) 29-33 (E) 8-12 115 Dec. 26 (h) p. 130,1-4 (F) 13-16 65 May 24 (i) Cae) 17-21 88May5 (k) 11-16, 1G) 22-26 89 July 29 (1) 17-22. (1) p.120,27-31 91 April 4 and p. 52,24-28 The first three examples of the first version are missing in the second. The first horoscope in CCAG 5,2 is missing in IT,41 of the first version but appears in 11,36 (Kroll p. 114,16 to 18*). Again Kroll’s text appears as the better one because (A) does not concern “ vio- lent death’’ as do all the other examples, its subject being only hunchbacked. The closeness of the dates clearly shows that we are dealing here with a uniform collection. This is con- firmed by certain details, e.g., by the reckoning of the “Locus of Death” from the Lot of Fortune, not from the Horoscopos.* TRANSLATION Sun, moon, (and) Mercury in Gemini, Saturn in Leo, Jupiter in Pisces, Mars in Cancer, Venus in Aries,® Horoscopos in Capricorn, where also the Lots (of For- tune and Daimon) were located. The ruler (of the Lots), Saturn,” was in the (8th) Locus of Death (Sv) and was in aspect with Venus (in Y). Mars (in 95) was in opposition to the Horoscopos (in V3). This person died by poison. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 11 For 65 May 24 one finds excellent agreement. Text Computed WH, & = xo OF a 3 KC HX KH 15 about 8 P.M. Toa pwtaca® * Cf. below p. 108. * Cf. Introduction p. 8. ° Following CCAG 5,2 p. 121,14. Kroll p. 130,2 adopted the incorrect version (Taurus), relegating the correct text to the apparatus. ° Because © and ¢ are in the same sign. ‘A house of Saturn is V3. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L65,X — No. L74,IV 85 No. L 65,X Vettius Valens II,21 p. 86,4-9 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Scorpio, moon in Aries, Saturn in Virgo, Jupiter in Pisces, Mars in Leo, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius. Even in childhood the nativity was destined to very great property; for the (11th) locust of accomplishment was in Pisces with Jupiter in his own domain (house). And Venus co(ruler) of the triangle (of the sun, M 3 %5) and ruler of the Lot (of Fortune? in 8, a house of 92) and of the exaltation (of the nativity, again in 8) wast... COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 11 The date of this horoscope is very questionable. From the dates of the other examples in this chapter * and from the general form, a date in the first century seems to be plausible. And indeed, for 65 October 31 one can satisfy the first five data: ext. Computed © 7 8 UL m 17 C oR LS pm m 9 26S) are ace) Mars and Venus, however, should at this date both be in == (27 and 23 respectively) whereas the text locates Mars in SU, Venus in #. And no other date, down to the middle of the third century will bring all the three outer planets in the right position with the sun in Scorpio. Thus some of the elements must be wrong but there seems to be no obvious emendation which could restore a plausible date, leaving 65 as a tentative solution. The time of birth was about 8 a.m—For related horo- scopes cy. No. 50. No. L 68 Vettius Valens V,11 p. 234,7-11 Cy INGw 37 + Counted from &, the Lot of Fortune. *Found from Ar = An + (AQ—Ae) = A—7=B. ® Lacuna in the text followed by “ Horoscopos by degree(?).” 4 Cf. the Introduction to No. L 50. No. L 72 Vettius Valens II,21, p. 85,1-8 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury* in Capricorn, moon (and) Venus* in Sagittarius, Saturn in Scorpio, Jupiter in Libra, Mars in Aquarius, Fortune in Aries,? Horoscopos in Taurus. This nativity was also at the beginning mixed and mediocre but later was raised and had a share of chaplets and became archpriest. For the tri- angle (VS 8 Mm) rulers (€ and @) were found to be in epanaphora * and the third ruler ( 6 ) of the triangle and the ruler (3) of (Y )* the Lot (of Fortune) was in Midheaven (2%). Likewise the ruler (©) of (Sv), the exaltation (of the nativity), was in Midheaven with reference to the Lot (of Fortune,® and (also) the ruler (%) of Daimon (3)® [text broken]. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 11 This is the sixth horoscope in a collection of examples, the first of which is No. L50. For the present horo- scope one finds the date 72 January 6: Computed ys 15 vs 10 oes weld ™ Text pL) SS Oe 18 No. L 74,IV Vettius Valens III,13 (p. 154,1 to 10) TRANSLATION As an example let the sun be in 1 degree of Taurus, the moon in 16 degrees of Gemini, Horoscopos in 14 degrees of Taurus, the (preceding) conjunction in about 27 degrees of Aries, the ascending node in 25 degrees of Capricorn. I counted upwards? from the conjunction * Kroll interchanges in the text Venus and Mercury and removes to the apparatus the correct reading of S “moon (and) Venus.” All manuscripts seem to have “sun (and) Venus” instead of “sun (and) Mercury.” ?From Ar = Ag + A Ao) = 6 [Ss Se, * A better translation would be “ rising,’ but both moon and Venus approach invisibility. *A house of ¢ is f. "Tf is rising V3 is culminating. ° A house of @ is I. No, L74,1V * That means in the direction of the daily rotation. 86 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L74,1IV —No. L74,X]I (¥ 27) to the ascending node (VS 25); it makes 92. I subtracted it upwards + from the degree of the Horo- scopos (8 14); it ends in 12 degrees of Aquarius. Thus the 92 (degrees) total for the clima of Alexandria 70 years.” He lived seventy years and one month. [There follows a mutilated passage concerning the situation at conception. The corresponding full moon is said to have been in Capricorn 21.] COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 11 For 74 April 19 one finds excellent agreement with the data of the text: Text Computed ©) Conk 52 2 C x 16 Sa 4 lel 6 14 about 7 A.M. prec. copj.) rs.27 vezo (April 15) re) VS 25 VS Zl vs 14 (73 July 8) A deviation of 4° between text and computation agrees with the correction to be expected for the first century.* A similar fragmentary horoscope is No. L 115,II and Noi ti 75a! full moon of conception V3 21 No. L 74,XI Vettius Valens II,21, p. 84,23-33 and VII,2, p. 270,6-17 TRANSLATION First Version Sun, Mercury, Saturn (and) Jupiter in Sagittarius, moon in Cancer, Mars in Virgo, Venus (and) Horo- scopos in Libra. As it is a night birth we find the moon, in the triangle of Mars (% ™m 3%), and Mars itself in apoklima, as are both the Lot (of Fortune, ie. 3€)* and (its) ruler (2£). Wherefore he lived his first (years) humbly and in poverty and (experienced) cap- tivity and servitude and was involved in many perils. But since the (planets) of the same sect? happened to be in operative positions he came into friendships and associations and received positions of royal trust. Indeed, he became highly esteemed because the exalta- tion (of the nativity) was found in Leo and the ruler ° This is probably taken from tables similar to the tables in book VIII (Kroll p. 321 ff.). ®* The larger deviation in the case of the full moon is not significant since it can be explained as the result of the com- putation of the lunar longitude for the expected time of the opposition, where a small error has a great effect on the longi- tude of the moon. No. L.74,X1 *From Ar =u No) See rk 57 = 2. And ¥* is a house of Jupiter. ? Probably moon and Venus, co-rulers of the triangle 25, mM, *. (A (of Leo), the sun, was in Midheaven (with respect) to the Lot (of Fortune*) and he was found worthy of leadership and a position of power. Second Version Sun, Saturn, Jupiter (and) Mercury in Sagittarius,* moon in Cancer, Mars in Virgo, Venus (and) Horo- scopos in Libra. First clima. In the 69th year he was deemed worthy of the governorship ® and became feared and most highly regarded and blessed by many but was (also) envied and became involved in mob uproar and riots and did not complete his term of office and was overtaken by painful illness and death. For operative were the rising time of Libra (the Horoscopos) 38 ;20° and that of Cancer (Midheaven) 31;40, which total 69; and the same (total) is found for the maleficent (planets) : (namely) 30 for Saturn and 19 for the sun and 20 for Mercury ® make 69. And again 38;20 of Virgo, 12 of Jupiter and 19 of the sun make 69. Thus all the stars were operative and each of them, according to its own nature and to its place in the scheme, had its own effect. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 11 The first version is the fifth horoscope in a series of 14 examples, the first and earliest of which is No. L 50. For the present horoscope one finds the date 74 No- vember 26: Text Computed oc TosaRrRs«e® = b 3 bo ww YG ae I about 2 A.M. The second version is the earliest horoscope in chap- ter VII,2 which contains the following six horoscopes: 74 Nov. 26 p. 270,6 to 17 114 Sept. 24 p. 268,7 to 15 117 June 30 p. 269,11 te Za 118 Nov. 26 p. 268,29 to p. 269,2 120 Dec. 8 p. 267,28 to p. 268,4 122 Dec. 4 p. 268,16 to 28. * Tf $ is rising then 7 is in Midheaven. “Note the different order of enumeration as compared with the first version. ° Perhaps Valerius Eudaemon who became érapyos Aiyimrou in 142 but was no longer prefect in 144; cf. Stein Praf. p. 74 ff. See also W. L. Westermann. The prefect Valerius Eudaemon and the indigent liturgist, JEA 40 (1954) pp. 107-111. ° Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 493. “Tn the second version the arrangement is © b 2f &. LITERARY SOURCES: From the second version we obtain the information that the birthplace belongs to the first clima (Alexan- dria). The rising times quoted ag =a; — 38;20 and belong to System A. ag == Sil 40 No. L 75 Vettius Valens III,6 (p. 141,28 to 142,7) and III,14 (p. 156,7 to 18) and IV,8 (p. 167,11 to p. 169,3 = CCAG 5,2 p. 82,30 to p. 84,11) TRANSLATION First Version (III,6) For example let the sun be in Cancer degree 29 ;30, the moon in Pisces degree 12, Saturn in Sagittarius degree 27;8, Jupiter in {Virgo degree 22;13},' Mars in Scorpio degree 7 ;23, Venus in Cancer degree 28 ;13, Mercury in Leo degree 11;25, Horoscopos in Pisces degree 17, Midheaven in Sagittarius degree 25. The na- tivity was without house-ruler because Venus, ruler of the terms of the moon,? had fallen below Dysis. The Horoscopos was the starter, the ruler of the terms of Venus was itself found in apoklima below Dysis.* Thus the start * (extends) from the Horoscopos to the (end of the) side of the quartile (3 17) and the diametrical radiation (from 3¢) toward Saturn (which is) in the terms of a maleficent (star).° But Mars altered its diametrical radiation because Jupiter was found in an equal degree ° and hindered the destructive (influence). He died then at 69 years but if Jupiter in quartile 7 had not hindered, he would have lived only 64 years. Second Version (III,14) For example: let sun (and) Venus be in Cancer, moon and Horoscopos in Pisces, Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars in Scorpio, Mercury in Leo, the Lot of Fortune in Cancer * (and in the 5th Locus) Agathos Daimon.® The ruler of the Lot (of Fortune in * Should be Capricorn, about 12°; cf. Commentary. ° The terms of Venus end at 3 12. °* The only planet “in apoklima below Dysis” is Mercury. Since 3€17, the Horoscopos, belongs to the terms of Mercury, Kroll emends the text to “(Mercury) the ruler of the terms (of the Horoscopos).” Consequently ‘of Venus” must be con- sidered an error. Another possibility would consist in removing “below Dysis” and to read “(Mars) the ruler of the terms of Venus was in apoklima” because M 7;23 where Mars is, belongs to the terms of Venus, and is in apoklima. Neither one of these emendations is really convincing. * That is the first chronocratorship. ° Saturn in 7 27;8 is in the terms of Mars. ° Meaning doubtful; cf. Commentary. " Cf. Commentary. *From Ar = An— (Ag Ne) =e Sho. ° Actually not Agathos Daimon but Agathe Tyche (same error iNOW 35,1). No. L74,XI— No. L:75 87 25, the moon *°) was found at center (H). I set down the minimum (period) of the moon, 25 years, and the rising time of Cancer in the second clima, 32 years, and 12 years of the house-ruler of the moon, Jupiter.1t They add to the same ** 69 years; he died at that age. Third Version (IV ,8) For example let the nativity be this: sun (and) Venus in Cancer, moon (and) Horoscopos in Pisces, (Saturn) ** in Sagittarius, (the nearest) full moon ** (and) Jupiter (in Capricorn) ,** Mars in Scorpio, Mercury in Leo, the Lot of Fortune in Leo,” the Daimon in Scorpio. I in- vestigate year 70. I took the physical (life) periods from Leo,’ giving first to Leo itself 19 years,’” then to Virgo 20 years,** then to Libra 8 years,’® then to Scorpio 15 years; 2° it makes 62 years. In these (years) he had many crises, both falls from a height and broken limbs. And the remaining 8 years (until 70) from Sagittarius, Saturn being located there by sect (?). In these years he had to expect shipwrecks and bodily disorders. We get the cause of the injury from the sign where the ruler of the Lot of Fortune was found passing through; viz. the Lot was found in Leo and the ruler of Leo, the sun, was found in Cancer;?t and Cancer indicates breast and throat; we say then that the injury was from Cancer. For take the apportionments of the years and count them as 360 days; and computing the 54 (days) apart, add them to the years.*? Then ** it gave to Sagittarius one year,?* to Capricorn 2 years 3 months,?* to Aquarius 2 years 6 months.*® To Pisces one year ; ** then to Aries *° Cancer is the house of the moon. The moon is in ¥, a house of Jupiter. 1° Cf. the first version. 18 Cf. below p. 88 f. *4 Kroll, for no reason, changes the text and places the full moon in #. Computation shows that the text is right. TV Ofa note Z|. 1° The Lot of Fortune; cf. note 21. *7 The period of the sun; and Leo is its house. +8 The period of Mercury; MM is a house of 8. *° The period of Venus; = is a house of 9. °° The period of Mars; Ml is a house of @. ** We see here how the data of a nativity were arbitrarily modified to suit the purpose. In the second version the Lot of Fortune was located in [%5, and the moon its ruler (cf. notes 8 and 10). Now we must use the accurate positions of the first version in order to find the Lot of Fortune in Leo. Indeed we then have Ar = Au — (AQ ao) = 18— 124+ % 29 330 = $L 5;30. For the Daimon we find similarly ™ 0;30 thus luckily the same sign for accurate and for crude counting. °° This rule is not followed in the subsequent procedure. °° Continuing the zodiacal signs from Scorpio where we left off. *4 Sagittarius and Pisces are the houses of Jupiter whose period is 12 (months = 1 year). 25 Cf. note 26. °° Aquarius is a house of Saturn whose ordinary period is 30 (months = 2 years + 6 months). The maximal period of Saturn is 57 years; thus the remaining 27 (months = 2 years + 3 months) are given to the second house of Saturn, Capricorn. 88 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L75 the remainder of the 9 years.2* Mars * then, being ruler of physical (life) periods, taking over from Saturn, which is located in Sagittarius, accomplished the end; he died diseased in the throat and afflicted with cough- ing; for the (8th) Locus of Death (from Sv, the Lot of Fortune) was in Pisces where the moon was located and Saturn (in #) was in dominant aspect (Quartile) ; hence the power (of » to bring death). And besides, the ruler of the full moon,?® Saturn, after turning away *° caused the type violent death. But the disease of the throat and the cough (happened), because the ruler of the Lot of Fortune (6), the sun, was found in Cancer ; and Cancer indicates breast and throat. I reckoned the periods of activities from Scorpio,** giving to Mars 15 years, then to Sagittarius 12,°° Saturn being there. Up to 27 years (the total so dar i, he was an intermittent vagrant. His adequate property was squandered by guardians ; also the Locus of Accom- plishment ** was in Gemini and none of the beneficent (planets) were in aspect, but only Saturn (in #) was in opposition. Next then Capricorn took over 27 years,*” Jupiter being located there and in (the 11th locus) Agathos Daimon and in aspect of opposition to sun and Venus. And he lived this whole period in success and was entrusted with public and royal affairs, and was a friend of governors and kings and became accordingly rich, but destined to reversals and ups and downs in the course of time, according to the successive taking over or aspects of the maleficent (planets), and to transient wealth, because Jupiter was found to be retrograde *° and in his own depression (V9). After Capricorn, Aquarius took over the period, Mars (in TM) and Mer- cury (in SU) in aspect (quartile and opposition respec- tively) and the beneficent (planets) not in aspect; and he came to the end of his career and lost much through misplaced trust, and he undertook pledges for relatives and slaves, through whose negligence and need he fell into debt and was found abject, because the whole founda- tion (of the nativity) bore in this direction. Aquarius itself took 2 years 6 months,” then Jupiter 1 year, then Mars 1 year and 3 months, then Venus 27 Which complete 70 years from the 62nd year on. The total so far amounts to 68 years 9 months. 28 As ruler of its house Aries. 2° The preceding full moon occurred July 16 in V3 22. Since V8 is a house of Saturn, this planet is the ruler of the full moon. 20 Eréarpopos yevouevos, here perhaps “ turning away” from the full moon (in V8). Cf., however, Introduction p. 13. °1 The Lot of Daimon (cf. note 21) following Vettius Valens IV,7 (Kroll p. 166, 10 ff.). 82 Cf. note 20; Mars was in Ml. *8 The period of 2£ because 7 is a house of 2f. 34 The 11th locus from the Lot of Fortune ($.) is 2. 8° Cf. note 26. 86 Obviously correct since Jupiter is in opposition to the sun. °7 Cf. note 26. Now we are operating again with months (24 + 6 = 30) since 30 years would be too much after the accumulation of 27 + 27 = 54 years so far. 8 months, then Mercury 1 year 8 months.*® Then his affairs gave way to great decline. Then next the moon took over 2 years 1 month.*® In these it was destined that he recover some of the pledges and get the help of friends. Then similarly the sun took 1 year 7 months in Leo and Mercury in Virgo 1 year 8 months.*® Then, since maleficent (planets) were in aspect to the loci ** and to Mercury,*? he was brought down in this period. For the Lot (of Fortune, SU) was found in apoklima and the ruler of the triangle of the moon (3 Ss M) was Mars.** After the (period) of Mercury, Venus took 8 months, next Mars 1 year 3 months,** then Sagittarius 1 year ; *° and it was the end.*® COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 The dating of the first version caused great difficulties. Saturn and Jupiter are nowhere near the assigned posi- tions in # 27 and 1 22 respectively except as late as 546 July 21 and then again in 605: 546 605 Text © % 29;30 a S50) 9 29330 R Ome x 23 # 2758 2 m 25 Tm 17 Te 22-13 In the first case, however, all three remaining planets and the moon occupy positions far away from those given in the text; for 605 the same holds except for Venus which is then in conjunction with the sun as required. Consequently it is necessary to assume an error in the text. Since the lifetime of the person in question was 69 years it seemed plausible to investigate whether disregarding Saturn’s position in # or Jupiter’s in mm would lead to a date near a.p. 70 such that the remaining positions would be represented correctly (of course with a deviation of about + 5° for a date in the first century). The investigation of all dates which placed Jupiter in m (disregarding Saturn) led to negative results. For Saturn in 7, however, the year 75 not only showed all planets in their proper place when the sun had the expected longitude of about 25 25 but at the same time °° The periods of the planets (counted as months) in the order of their houses from # (2f) to H (3). °° The period of the moon is 25, the house is 2. 4° The periods of sun and Mercury are 19 and 20 respectively. The signs, however, are not the locations but again the houses. “Saturn in 7 in opposition to the locus of accomplishment in 1{; Mars in ™ in trine to H and in quartile to the Lot of Fortune in Gv. 42Mars in M is trine to Mercury in Q\. “8 Mars is the ruler of the triangle 256 m X. “4 The periods of the planets in the order of the signs, which are their houses, from TR (%) to M (4); cf. note 38. “° Cf. note 24. *° The total is 69 years 4 months. LITERARY SOURCES: No: L'75'— No. L 75,1 89 the moon was correctly located. Thus, within more than six centuries only 75 July 19 satisfied all requirements, except for Jupiter which had to be in V9 7(+ 5 = 12) instead of M22;13. Now for 75 July 19 two other versions are attested, one in III,4 the other in IV,8 quoting all zodiacal signs correctly, including VS for Jupiter. And in both cases the duration of life was again 68 years.** Thus all three versions concern undoubtedly the same individual, who was born a.p. 75 July 19 and died early in a.p. 144. This result is confirmed by a direct reference ** to the same day, Vespasian 7 Epiphi (XI) 25/26 = 75 July 19, for an individual who died in the middle of his 69th year. As longitude of the sun we find % 27;43 (as compared with 9% 29;30 in the first version) and for the moon ¥ 12;42 (3€ 12 in the first version). The discrepancy of almost 2 degrees in the solar position is difficult to explain, if not as computing error in at least one of the two cases.*° The relationship between the first version and the two others is of importance because we have here a case where we can see that Vettius Valens computed his horoscopes with an accuracy of degrees and minutes even if he normally quotes zodiacal signs only.*° It is of interest, furthermore, that Jupiter is entirely misplaced (both sign and degree) and that this position in ™ instead of in VS is used in the astrological commentary in which Jupiter appears to be in quartile to Saturn in #. This shows that the error is old and even suggests an intentional modification of the correct data, though such a suspicion is not at all supported by the experience with all the other horoscopes quoted by Vettius Valens. Equally inexplicable is the number of degrees, 22 ;13°, unless the term iodpopos (p. 142,5) should indicate that both Mars and Jupiter have the same number of degrees in their respective signs,°* and thus allow us to emend 22 to 7—which would be the longitude obtained by modern computation for Jupiter. Otherwise the agreement is very good. For the first version one finds for 75 July 19: 47 According to the first and second versions he died in his 69th year. The third version shows that he should have died at least 68 years 9 months old and at the most 69 years 4 months, em VilLL,7 (be 37,15-31)* cf. our list p. 180: No. 5. “°Tn VIII,7 p. 317 one must read “3rd hour of night” instead of 6th hour of night as follows from the position of H. This error is, of course, palaeographically explicable. 5° The only other instances of explicit references to degrees and minutes by Vettius Valens are the horoscopes for 110 March 15, for 114 May 14, and for 127 November 22. Degrees (no minutes) are given in Nos. L61 X, 741V, 75,1 and 115 II. 51 This interpretation is supported by Vettius Valens II,16 (p. 70,31) where kar’ lodporpoy ordoes Tv TeTpaywven Kal dia- pérpwy are mentioned. Text Computed CN 29-0) 2 o> 24 C x 12 x%* 10 R x 27:8 x 19 BE 22°15 Cll) er was 3 im, 328 m 9 g Or Polls 5 2) fs) GG, WAS Svene H x 17 about 10 p.m. M -# 25 Gh GRE In the second version we have the zodiacal signs only (in complete agreement with computation) while the third version adds the nearest full moon in V3, together with Jupiter. This is indeed correct since the full moon of July 16/17 happened at V3 22. The second version precedes No. L. 135,I. A second horoscope in the same chapter, III,6, is No. L 110,III. No. L 75,1 Vettius Valens III,13 (p. 153,15 to 21) TRANSLATION As an example, let the ascending node be in Gemini 23 degrees, the (preceding) conjunction in Pisces about 8 degrees, the Horoscopos in Pisces 4 degrees, the Mid- heaven in Sagittarius 13 degrees. I took (the distance) from the conjunction to the ascending node; it makes 105 degrees. These (I count) from the Horoscopos since it was a day-birth. It ends in 19 degrees of Gemini. For clima 2 it totals 76 years .. . months; so long he lived. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 The two following horoscopes in this chapter, No. L/4IV and No. L115 1], record as length of life 70 and 32 years respectively, thus leading to a.p. 144 and 147 as the period of writing. Since our horoscope belongs to the same group and gives 76 years as length of life one may expect a date in the decade from a.p. 65) iar 7/5); The only data given in the text are 83 ae oe : . Preced. conj. an Woes Te Tal x% 4 M 5 MS) clima 2 Se Ore2/,- Ashi Vell Zap ols, lO) = °° Computation with the Handy Tables gives for Alexandria M = #21553, for Rhodes # 22;35, thus for Babylon a value of about 722. The approximate procedure of Paulus Alexan- drinus (cf. p. 10) leads, for clima 2 (and System A), to #21320. Thus neither method explains satisfactorily the result of the text. 90 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L75,1— No. L 76 Since the last conjunction fell in * 8, the sun can only be between ¥* 8 and Y 8, or, with a correction of about 4° for longitudes in the first century, between 3€ 4 and ¢ 4. This means about February 23 for the date of conjunction and the following 30 days as range for the date of the horoscope. For the node at conjunction we should expect to find by modern computation about 3% 19 or 20 since the motion of the node during one month amounts to about —1,;30°. The only years in which new moon falls close to February 23 are A.D. 57 8 about # 22;15 65 % 17;30 76 m 14:45 84 cS 10 Since the node recedes 7 ;30° (plus one complete rota- tion) in 19 years, it is evident that nowhere near the expected period do node and new moon have the required longitudes. This result can be confirmed also from the determina- tion of the longitudes of the nodes, computed, e.g., for March 1: ap. . 47 R=—=% 5:40 48 x 16;20 66 x 28;10 85 x 20;40 104 Tig NSN, The node is near the expected position 3 19 or 20 only for A.D. 48 and 85. The preceding conjunctions, how- ever, are February 3 and February 13 respectively, thus 20 or 10 days too early. Probably the text contains an error. Indeed H = ¥ 4 and © between 3 8 and ¥ 8 would indicate the hours before sunrise whereas the text speaks about day birth. On the other hand, the 105° from the conjunction to the ascending node are counted from H towards IMC thus in the direction associated with daytime according to this very chapter (p. 153,3-5 Kroll). This suggests that at least H is incorrectly given, though M agrees with H.t Thus no simple emendation seems possible which would solve these contradictions. No. L 76 CCAG 6 p. 67 to p. 71 and CCAG 8,2 p. 82 to p. 84 TRANSLATION There was, he (Antigonus of Nicaea) says, a person +The Handy Tables give for Alexandria M = 713;30, for Rhodes 7 14;50. The procedure described by Paulus Alexan- drinus (cf. p. 10) gives for System A and Babylon M= 74 12;40 (text: 713). having the sun in Aquarius 8+ degrees, the moon and Jupiter and the Horoscopos, the three together at the first degree of the same sign, namely Aquarius; Saturn in Capricorn 5? degrees and Mercury with it (at) 12 degrees; Venus in Pisces 12 degrees and Mars with it (at) 22 degrees; Midheaven in Scorpio 22.3 {In this configuration the house ruler of the moon (in “), Saturn,* being in its own house (V9), allots its maxi- mum number of years of life (namely) 56 (sic); and since Venus (in 3€) is in aspect (sextile) to it (Saturn in VS), it allots additional 8 years, so that the total of years is 64. After 61 years 10 months the degrees of the Horoscopos and the moon (in 4” 1) come into quartile to Saturn,’? which, however, is not destructive because Venus is in aspect to it (Saturn) (also) the second time?) 7 Such a person {whose nativity he recorded,}7* was adopted by a certain emperor (Trajan), akin to him, and having lived with him two years, became emperor about his 42nd year and was wise and educated, so that he was honored by shrines and temples; and he was married to one wife from maidenhood and was childless ; and he had one sister.™ And he was at discord and conflict with his own relatives. When he had reached about his 63rd year he died,® a victim to dropsy and asthma. And why it happened in this way is explained as follows. He became emperor because the two luminaries (© and €) were with the Horoscopos and especially because the moon was of the (same) sect ?° and in con- junction to the degree with the Horoscopos (both in 1) and with Jupiter which was also due to make its morning phase after 7 days. And its (the moon’s) attending stars ** themselves were found in favorable * Variant from CCAG 8,2 (Paris. 2501) : 20. * Variants: 10 in Paris. 2417 (P) and 16 in the text and in the diagram of the Vindob. (V). This latter text, including the diagram, is published in part in Cramer, ARLP p. 165 and p. 166 left half, corresponding to CCAG 6 p. 67 to p. 69,25 (what follows is F. 302 and 302% of V and has nothing to do with this horoscope). * Following the text of P. The diagram in V has 24. * Aquarius is a house of Saturn. ° This is obviously wrong since 61 years is only slightly more than two periods of Saturn. Consequently the longitude of Saturn changes only from the beginning of V3 to the beginning of *. Thus Saturn is not in quartile with H and moon in ~% 1 but in conjunction. * Venus is then at the beginning of #, thus again in sextile Lom piney. "Omitted in V and in CCAG 8,2. ™ Domitia Paulina. * This probably refers to the case of Pedanius Fuscus whose horoscope (No. L113,IV) belongs to the same group of three horoscopes of which No. L 40 is the earliest one. * Hadrian died 138 July 10, thus at the age of 623 years. *° Meaning not clear. % That is the planets which follow the rising of the moon; cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 253. Here sun, Venus and Mars. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L76— No. L 78 v1 positions, Venus in her own exaltation (3€), Mars in its own triangle (3, 25, M) and located in its own degrees,’* both in their own domains and in epanaphora with respect to the moon. And besides the cosmos- ruling sun was its (the moon’s) attendant in the subse- quent degrees (8°) and had as attending stars Saturn in its own house (V3), and Mercury (in V3), both at their morning rising. It is also significant that the moon was about to come in conjunction with a certain bright fixed star which is at the 20th degree (of 4”). For it is necessary to look at the conjunctions of the moon not only with the planets but also with the fixed stars, [In a similar fashion characteristics of Hadrian and events in his life are discussed; ** the following astro- nomical data occur:] Mercury and Saturn were in the morning phase and in the 12th locus.** Mars, the ruler of M, is in Pisces, in its own triangle and degrees. Jupiter with sun and moon in the Horoscopos (.**’). Saturn at morning rising, Mars at evening rising.’ After 40 days the moon in Cancer, Mars in Aries,** Saturn in Capricorn at diameter to the moon in Cancer, Mars in trine. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 Kroll realized that this horoscope concerns the em- peror Hadrian. Indeed for a.v. 76 January 24, the birthday of Hadrian, one obtains very good agreement between text and computation : Text Computed Text—comp. oh eaiaess ee +5 C vs 28 + 3 Ti eae Vs-27 + 4 isl about 6 A.M. VS 5 yw 0 +5 fc} Vs 12 Vieud, + 5 Q % 12 % 15 —3 $ x 22 x 19 + 3 Mies) 22(¢)2® iN, Fly Jupiter is said to be 7 days before heliacal rising. This statement is probably based on the then elongation of 14 or 15 degrees; corresponding to a mean interval of 12 Mars in 22 is in his own terms which extend from 3 19 to ¥€ 28. 18 Cf. also Stegemann [1] cols. 370-372. **CCAG 6, p. 69,6. 1° Called kara kopupiy rémos (p. 69,15); here ™m, a house of Mars. ae POO 31: alee Allele /ote 48 Variant: 24; cf. note 3. 29 Since Hadrian was born in Halica (southern Spain, near Seville, latitude about 37;30) the above value was computed for the clima Rhodes with the Theon tables (cod. Vat. gr. 1291). The procedure of Paulus Alexandrinus (cf. p. 10) leads to M = m 14;10 for Alexandria and M = ™ 17;40 for the latitude of Spain. invisibility of 30°. Later on it is stated several times that Saturn and Mercury are in their morning rising, an essentially correct statement, and Mars in evening rising, which is true only in a looser sense, the elonga- tion being 45°. The moon is said to approach a bright fixed star in “” 20, but there are only stars of 4th magni- tude in this region.?° Forty days later the moon is in Cancer, Mars in Aries as stated in the text. Cf. the commentary to No. L 40 for similar cases. No. L 78 Vettius Valens 11,26, p. 93,25 to p. 94,2 INTRODUCTION Chapter II,26 is headed by the title “ Examples for the preceding topics” on “famous and distinguished ” and on “ obscure and debased ” nativities. Four horo- scopes are collected in II,26 whose dates are 188 Aug. 10 86 Aug. 2 78 April 1 101 March 5. TRANSLATION Sun, moon, Jupiter, (and) Horoscopos in Aries, Saturn (and) Venus in Aquarius, Mars in Gemini, Mercury in Pisces. This person was commanding and despotic, because the rulers (© and 2£) of the triangle (of the sun, &U #) were found to be at a center (HH) and in the Horoscopos, and in it also fell the Lot (of Fortune) and the Daimon and the Basis and the exaltation (of the nativity). But Mars, the ruler of these,’ being unfavorably situated and not in aspect to the place * had opposite effects, both exile and violent death; for it was ruler of the conjunction (of sun and moon in ( ). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 Except for Mars (which is between its second station and setting) good agreement is reached for 78 April 1: °° The only bright star in this whole region is a Pisc. austr. (1st magn.) the longitude of which is, however, *% 7 according to Ptolemy (Almagest VIII,1; 8 =—20;20) and *% 10;26 in the Liber Herm. (Gundel, HT p. 159). No. L78 * A house of 6 is 7. * As is seen from Kroll’s apparatus, the passage is not read with certainty and we do not know how to restore it. Kroll assumes a lacuna and supplies [y’], obviously assuming the meaning “not in aspect (being) in the [3rd] locus.”? Though the 3rd locus (If) is in sextile to , Kroll may be right because sextile often seems not to be considered as “aspect” by Vettius Valens; cf.. e.g.. Vettius Valens 1,24. 92 Text Computed ©) ~ 10 “| r 10 of ae ~ 8 H sunrise Pay Des VS -28CD)8 2 re Re E25 ok geet % 21(!!)4 fc) x % 17 The conjunction of sun and moon happened on the same day, in Aries. Consequently the lots of Fortune and Daimon coincide and therefore also the “basis” (cf. p. 9). The same is said about the exaltation of the nativity. This, however, is only correct when we are dealing with daytime,’ or if the Horoscopos fell before 7 10. Similarly, daytime is assumed in the choice of the triangle of the sun and not that of the moon.® No. L 80 Manetho, Apotelesmaticorum III, 738-750 TRANSLATION But I will proceed by a new turn in verse and recall the stars of my own nativity when and in what sign it was that oft-sought Eilithyia delivered me from the womb so that for all time they may teach and prove what Fate granted me to teach, the wisdom and beautiful poetry of the stars. The sun was in Gemini and there too was beautiful Kypris (Venus) and also beloved Phaeton (Jupiter) and golden Hermes (Mercury), and in Aquarius ‘at the time (were) the moon and Phainon (Saturn), and Mars was in many-footed Cancer and Centaur was turning about Midheaven, trailing his weapon. Thus the Fates determined my nativity. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 One obtains complete agreement with the data of the text for 80 May 28: Text Computed sTA wR OO L982 HR HO 25 * The Stobart tables agree with our text: Saturn is in ~~ from February 25 to July 27 (A, rev. V, 16/17). * According to the Stobart tables (A, rev. V,28) Mars enters JL two days later. °In daytime we have to consider the distance from © to which is here zero; at night the distance from € to &8 which would here bring the exaltation in 8 (cf. p. 7). ° Cf. Vettius Valens III,2 p. 26,20 ff. LITERARY SOURCES; No! 1.738 =— Now i62 Obviously the subtraction of about 13° does not remove the moon from Aquarius; consequently also May 27 is equally possible. We know furthermore that Centaur + was near cul- mination. Because this constellation covers in longitude the sign of Libra, we know that VS must be rising, 26 setting. Thus the time was about two hours after sunset. No. L 82 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 85,9-18 and III,16 p. 157,15-19 TRANSLATION First Version Sun (and) Mercury in Cancer, moon in Taurus, Saturn in Pisces, Jupiter (and) Mars in Leo, Venus in Virgo, Horoscopos in Libra. This nativity was also brilliant and distinguished. He was entrusted with royal office and deemed worthy of the high priesthood. For the ruler of the triangle (of the sun, %5 ™ 3, i.e., Mars) was found with the ruler (2£) of the Daimon (7)? in the (11th) Locus Agathos Daimon ($v) and with the Lot of Fortune (6v),? and the sun, which was (located in) the Lot of Fortune in Midheaven; and the ruler of the exaltation (of the nativity, i.e., 295), the moon * (in 8), was in Midheaven with respect to the Lot (of Fortune)* and the (11th Locus of) accomplishment was itregular and unstable, sometimes overfull and sometimes deficient, for Saturn and Venus were in aspect to it.® Second Version Let sun, Venus(!) (and) Mercury be in Cancer, moon in Taurus, Saturn in Pisces, Jupiter (and) Mars in Leo, Horoscopos in Virgo(!). In the first clima the rising time of Virgo is 384. And because Mercury in Cancer is in Agathos Daimon (the 11th locus) it gave the rising time (of 295) 31%. The total is 70; so long he lived. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 12 For the date of this horoscope one finds 82 July 9: * Cf. for this constellation Boll-Gundel in Roscher VI col. 1012 ff. re No. L&2 * A house of 2f is # and Ap = Aw—(AQ —Ap) = S+A=— A. *From Ar = =—2*=(; cf. note 1. * The house of the moon is 20. “Tf Q is rising then &, the place of the moon, is culminating. ° Counting from 6\, the Lot of Fortune, one finds the 11th locus in J£ which is in quartile to Venus in TR and to Saturn in }. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L82—No. L85,II 93 Computed 14 COOKKWH o 29(!) about noon Pane coe The first version is the seventh example in a group of 14 examples, the earliest of which is No. L 50. The second version places Venus by mistake with sun and Mercury in Cancer and then, instead of Venus, the Horoscopos in Virgo. The rising times for Virgo and Cancer are given as 384 and 312 which is correct for Alexandria and System A.° The second version (in III,16) is associated with Nos. L102 IV (a) and (b). No. L 83 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 84,12-22 and TI,36 p. 114,1-5 TRANSLATION First Version Sun (and) Mercury in Taurus, moon in Aquarius, Saturn (and) Venus in Aries, Jupiter in Virgo, Mars in Pisces, Horoscopos in Leo. We find the sun in the triangle of Venus and moon (% MV3) and Venus in apoklima. And so at first (his life) was troubled and lowly; but the moon being found in a center (A) he came into military and advantageous circumstances. Likewise the Lot of Fortune was found in Taurus * and the exaltation (of the nativity) in Cancer. Its ruler, the moon, was found in Midheaven with respect to the Lot (of Fortune),? hence he came to the greatest for- tune and governorship. But Mars was found in (3) the (11th) Locus of accomplishment* ... (lacuna) ... property by plunder and stealing and violence, (and) they were plundered wickedly after his death. Second Version [| (Positions unchanged)], the Lot of Fortune in Taurus. Its ruler, Venus,* in Aries with Saturn. This person had mange on the head and leprosy and lichens on the body for ( ¢ ) the ruler of the Daimon (™)° was in Pisces. “Cy. p. 4, table 2. No. L 83 jtron Apel (Ag Ag) =<) + 9 = oS. 2 Cancer is the house of the moon which is in 8. When & is rising, ** is in Midheaven. * Counted from the Lot of Fortune (8). *A house of Q is 0. >From Ap = §. —9 = ™ (cf. note 1) and M is a house of ¢. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 For 83 April 28 one obtains Wext Computed 5 15.¢C11)8 aS 27(!) itl @) x% 21 about noon —S— 3 & RX 3 an! @s 12 26) sl ) “er ©) = US Oke 3 = About one month later (May 24) one would obtain the correct longitudes of all planets, including sun and moon, except for Mars which in the meantime had entered f, and for 2 in 8. Were it not for the moon May 14 would be the best date, because Mercury, Venus, and Mars would then be very close to the boundary of their respective signs; but the moon in 1 excludes this possibility. The first version (11,21) belongs to a group of horo- scopes the list of which is givenin No. L50. The second version (11,36) is the earliest horoscope of eleven: (@)iewo7 jane 9 py 111533-112;4 (b) 118 Nov. 26 p. 112,5-10 (c) 106 Jan. 16 p-. 113,2-10 (d) 85 Nov. 24 11-18 feet IG jane 2) 19-24 (f) 117 Nov. 30 Paes (Gg) 992 Novel 7 32-36 CA) A838. prsr2o p. 114,1-5 (1) 104 Apr. 23 6-9 (j) 108 Mar. 28 10-15 GC ANWAR. Sea 16-19 No. L 85,II Vettius Valens II,21 p. 84,3-11 TRANSLATION Sun, Mars, Venus, (and) Mercury in Aquarius, moon (and) Jupiter in Scorpio, Saturn in Aries, Horoscopos in Leo, And this nativity came from lowly and ordinary fortune to a fortune of governorship and wealth. For, since it was a daytime birth, we find (first) the sun in the triangle (4” 1% =) of Saturn, but Saturn in apo- klima, wherefore the first circumstances were ordinary. But the co(ruler) of this (triangle), Mercury, was in a center (A). And we find also the Lot of Fortune in Taurus * and the exaltation (of the nativity) in Libra * * Mercury is retrograde, after inferior conjunction. No. L 85,II *From Ar = Ag + (A¢ — Ae) = S\ — 3° = &, assuming day- time. * Indeedi@-—— El 94 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L85,II— No. L 86,XII and the ruler (Venus*) in Midheaven with respect to the Lot (of Fortune)* and in a center (A) besides. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 For 85 February 5 one finds excellent agreement: Text Computed 16 3 fe 3p 9p WZ J SU shortly before sunset ° For related horoscopes cf. No. L 50. Gr Rpacm~oa® No. L 85,XI Vettius Valens II,36 p. 113,11 to 18 TRANSLATION Sun in Sagittarius, moonin Cancer, Saturn in Taurus, Jupiter (and) Mercury in Scorpio, Mars in Leo, Venus in Capricorn, Horoscopos in Aquarius, Lot of Fortune in Leo.t Mars is there (and) Saturn in dominant aspect (to it). And the sun found in the places (1.e., the house ) of Jupiter, which indicate things concerning the groin and the thighs, caused infirmity in the (parts) and gout; for it (the sun) is the ruler of sinews; and since Saturn was found in Lower Midheaven he had visions of gods and of the spirits of the dead.’ COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 For 85 November 24 one finds rest Computed ere Rime Ces 25 20 R 8 —P Zatn) 2 m 24 ee m 11 ) SU A 0) Ore eS. ys 8 1 esd about 10 a.m. Ay St m (!) Related horoscopes are listed with No. L 83. * The houses of Venus are = and 8. 41f &, the Lot of Fortune, is rising then Q in * is culmi- nating. ° Cf. note 1. No. L 85,XI *From Ar = Au t+ (AQ@—Ag) = * —5* =m it follows that SL is an error. The result remains the same if one computes the elongation to the degree. The Horoscopos cannot be the cause of the error since b in & is said to be in Lower Midheaven. No. L 86,VIII Vettius Valens II,26 p. 93,21-24 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury, Venus, (and) Horoscopos in Leo, Saturn in Taurus, Jupiter in Sagittarius, Mars in Libra, moon in Capricorn. Such a person (was) commanding and master over life and death,’ because the stars were found in their own domains.? COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 This is the second horoscope of the group discussed under No. L 78. The text adopted by Kroll places the moon in Virgo whereas the manuscript M gives Capricorn. That the latter version is the correct one is shown by the fol- lowing comparison: Text + 86 August 2 August 11 © oe 6 SU 16 8 ‘so 0) SL 19 oe 5 20(!!) eae lel sunrise sunrise R 3 % 14 8 14 2 x x 4 nr 4 3 x m 29(!) pa (6 4 \ Siete m 20 1M: vs — Vea) 5 No. L 86,XII Vettius Valens II,41, p. 129,15 to 17 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 120,33 f.) TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, (and) Venus in Capri- corn, moon in Aquarius, Saturn in Taurus, Horoscopos in Aries. This person was beheaded. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 For 86 December 27 one finds Lest Computed 8 KEENZIB © fe) Tora 0 Poe a© "” about noon ° Cf. Cumont, EA p. 166. No. L 86,VIII * Perhaps a strategos; cf. Cumont, EA p. 51. * Cf. also for oixetws Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 391. We do not see how the criterion, given in Vettius Valens p. 93,5 f. applies here. LITERARY SOURCES: This horoscope belongs to the same group as No. L65V, which text should be consulted for further details. No. L 87,1 Vettius Valens 11,36 p. 111,33-112,4 TRANSLATION For example, so that we may not be found to have spoken cryptically, let sun, Jupiter (and) Mars be in Capricorn, moon (and) Horoscopos in Leo, Saturn in Taurus, Venus (and) Mercury in Aquarius, the Lot of Fortune [in Capricorn]. The ruler of the (Lot of) Fortune, Saturn,! in Taurus. He was disabled on account of the Pleiades* and because of maleficent Saturn and he had unmentionable vices on account of both signs (VS and & ). In addition, Jupiter, the ruler of the Daimon in Pisces, was found in Capricorn. From these (configurations) it was evident that he had gout. It was sufficient ® to have learned from the Lot (of Fortune) and its ruler both the infirmity and the disease. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 13 For 87 January 9 one finds Text Computed © vs 18 2 VS Ww © $ ae) C | els: H su about 8 P.M. R fe) Ss © eaten ar i 3 a vantage" For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. No. L 87,VII Vettius Valens II,41 p. 129,8 to 14 TRANSLATION Sun in Cancer, moon in Pisces, Saturn, Mars (and) Mercury in Gemini, Jupiter in Capricorn, Venus in Leo, Horoscopos in Libra, Lot of Fortune in Gemini.* In this (sign) Saturn, Mercury (and) Mars were accompanied by one another (all being) destructive and 1A house of Saturn is V3 and Ar = An— (AQ Na) ==, + 5° = V3. * Cf. Vettius Valens 1,2 p. 6,23 ff. where & 1 to 5 is associated with the Pleiades. Similarly in II,36 p. 109,34 to 110,2. It must be admitted, however, that the mention of the Pleiades is strange in this group of horoscopes. *T.e., without checking on Daimon. No. L 87, VII 1From Ar=Aa+ (Ag — Ao) =2+8=20. No. L86,XII — No. L88& 95 in aspect to the moon (in #). Likewise the ruler (» ) of the full moon (in VS) was turning away * and Jupiter, being in the (8th) Locus of Death (V9) and being in opposition,® had no power to help. This person was beheaded. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 For 87 July 9 one finds MEXt Computed 14 Sot Ook Lt (=) 1a) Hoy ISI Wed (8s Lo =) (©) Pog Sau about noon Counting from the Lot of Fortune (X¢) eight signs, one obtains VS for the Locus of Death where Jupiter is located in opposition to the sun (in 95). The nearest full moon, about 5 days earlier was in V3, a house of Saturn. This planet being located in I, 5 signs away, is therefore not in aspect with VY. For related horoscopes cf. No. L65,V. No. L 88 Vettius Valens II,41, p. 130,6 to 10 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 121,17-21) TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury, (and) Horoscopos in Taurus, moon in Pisces, Saturn in Gemini, Jupiter in Aquarius, Mars in Virgo, Venus in Aries, the Lot of Fortune in Pisces.* There the moon was in aspect with Saturn (in 1) and Mars (in 1). The rulers of the Daimon (25) and of the (nearest) full moon were in opposition. This person was drowned in bilge water. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 This is a horoscope from a group which is discussed in the introduction to No. L65,V. For 88 May 5 one finds ? Cf. Introduction p. 13. ® Literally “in evening (rising)” which is the technical term for opposition to the sun; cf. e.g., Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 112 or P. Mich, 149, XI,9-11. No. L 88 *From Ar = An + (Ag —No)t— & 710" = 2€ and :thus 96 LITERARY SOURCES: ext Computed mele ‘3 2 about sunrise % 14 me 6) we AD) m 2 3° GC) Ho} OS WS) sel ES HOE) PeeO) x 33 8HxX Thus there is agreement with the exception of Venus. The Lot of Fortune and the moon fall in the same sign, Pisces, which is in quartile to Saturn in Gemini and in opposition to Mars in Virgo. The nearest full moon was the preceding one in Scorpio”? which is a house of Mars. The Daimon is in %, the house of the moon. Consequently Mars is the ruler of the full moon, the moon the ruler of the Daimon, and Mars (in m™) and moon (in ¥) are in opposition to each other. No. L 89 Vettius Valens II,41, p. 130,11 to 16 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 121,22-26) TRANSLATION Sun in Leo, moon (and) Mercury in Virgo, Saturn in Gemini, Jupiter in Aries, Mars, Horoscopos (and) Venus in Cancer, the Lot of Fortune in Gemini;? Saturn the ruler of (the 8th Locus of) Death (V3) was there (in 1%) and he was in dominant aspect to Mer- cury (in M™) the ruler of the Lot (of Fortune) and to the moon (in 1); besides Mars (in 25) was opposite to the (Locus of) Death (V9). This person hanged himself. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 For 89 July 29 one finds ‘Text Computed SU 4 m 15 m 1 mw 24 eae omer about 4 A.M. m 29(!) Gemini is a house of Mercury, so the planet is called ruler of the Lot of Fortune. Saturn in 3 prevails over moon and Mercury (in NM) because it is in quartile to them. Mars in %5 is opposite to the eighth Locus of =e ee b9 o To Pw tmAO 2 April 24, the moon being in about M 3. No. L 89 +From Ar = An — (AQ — Ap) =%—1*= No. L88— No. L92,IT Death (V3), counting from the Lot of Fortune (xr). The victim of such a bad nativity properly hanged himself. His horoscope was incorporated in the same collection with No. L65, V. No. L91 Vettius Valens II,41 p. 130,17-22 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 121,27-31 and CCAG 5,2 p. 52,24-28) TRANSLATION Sun and Mercury in Aries, moon (and) Venus in Pisces, Saturnin Cancer, Jupiter (and) Mars in Taurus, the Horoscopos in Scorpio, the Lot of Fortune in Sagittarius, the ruler (2£ *) with Mars in Dysis,® the (8th) Locus of Death in Cancer,* Saturn, the ruler of the full moon,® turning away;°* also Mars (in 8) was in opposition to his own house (mm). This person was killed by wild beasts. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 This is the last in order of a group of horoscopes the earliest of which is No. L65,V. For 91 April 4 one finds Text Computed 2 1901) 9 14 5 10 3 Mm about 8 P.M. : ( \ x hf A” OQ Ce INAS GA BS oe ay ss TS re eo) FS) ed ©) thus very good agreement with exception of Mercury, which is retrograde. No. L 92,11 Vettius Valens V,12 p. 234,33 f. TRANSLATION As: sun in Aquarius, moon in Leo, Saturn in Cancer, Jupiter in Gemini, Mars in Scorpio, Venus in Aries, *From Ar = Au— (A¢ ° A house of Jupiter is 77. °CCAG 5,2 p. 52,26 has here: “with the (Agathos) Daimon in Virgo,’ CCAG 5,2 p. 121,29: “with Mars in Taurus.” * Counted from the Lot of Fortune. * Following Kroll’s text (p. 130,20) ; CCAG 5,2 p. 52,27 and p. 121,30 has “of the moon” only. The nearest, preceding, full moon falls at the boundary between MN and +, the following one near =+/m. Perhaps Saturn is the ruler because he is ruler of the triangle ~~, *, IL. ° Cf. Introduction p. 13. Ao) = =e LITERARY SOURCES: No. L92,II— No. L95,V,14 97 Mercury in Pisces. [This is followed by a long dis- cussion of “critical years,’ based on the number of signs which the celestial bodies are distant from each other; e.g., Mars from moon is the fourth sign and “A distant is the simple critical point ... ; for the squares are simple, the product of unequal factors com- posite,”’ etc. ] COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 This is the first of two examples in a chapter, entitled “ Differently, on critical (years), as Critodemus takes the start from the moon.”” The second example is No. L 104,VII. For the first horoscope one finds 92 Feb- ruary 11 as is shown by the following comparison. Text Computed Oley Ae Bek ral, C SU about SU 18 b 5 o> 16 alt pile me al 3 m iii), 24 2 We se 5 fe} 3 % 13 No position is given for the Horoscopos. This is unusual in Vettius Valens, as well as in original documents. No. L 92,XI Vettius Valens II,36 p. 113,32-36 TRANSLATION Sun, moon, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Scorpio, Saturn in Leo, Jupiter in Cancer, Mars in Capricorn, Venus in Libra, the Lots (of Fortune and Daimon) in Scorpio. He was disabled in the penis (because) in particular Saturn was in dominant aspect to the con- junction + (in m) and the luminaries (sun and moon), and the ruler Mars? was unfavorably placed. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 14 Except for Mars the conditions of this horoscope are well satisfied for 92 November 17: ext Computed © Ay 8) C m 13 wie m 6 H sunrise + The conjunction occurs November 18 about 1 a.m. The data of the horoscope are equally satisfied for November 17 and No- vember 18 about 6 a.m. Consequently no decision is possible as to whether the conjunction precedes or follows the moment of birth. * Whose house is 11. ‘Text Computed ete ott 2S Sai $ V3 merAS CN) 2 pas = 28 Mars is between second station and conjunction. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. No. L 95,V,14 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 85,25-86,3 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Scorpio,t moon in Aquarius, Saturn in Leo, Mars (and) Venus in Cancer, Jupiter in Virgo, Horoscopos in Sagittarius. It was a night birth, and the rulers of the triangle (of the moon, a =, thus 2 and ¥%) were in apoklima. He had many ups and downs in his first period of life and lived in debt although the property of his parents was good. Then later, getting an inheritance and improving his means by shrewd enterprises, he became ambitious, dominant, and munificent and popular and a friend of kings and governors, and he provided temples and (public) works and gained perpetual remembrance. For the Lot of Fortune? and the exaltation? (of the na- tivity) were in Pisces and the ruler of this (2£ *) was in Midheaven (m). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 The text obviously contains an error because Venus in Cancer and sun and Mercury in Scorpio is astro- nomically impossible. The question must then be an- swered whether the position of Venus or that of the sun is incorrectly given. Now we are told that it was a night birth with H= #. But sun in Scorpio with H = # would mean daytime. Thus the position of sun and Mercury must be wrong whereas Venus can be right. The exaltation of the nativity falls in 3. This is correct for nighttime because § — ( = 8 — Av = 3 = % —H=> ¥ — #. For daytime and © in Mm, the exaltation would be 8. Thus again the position of the sun must be altered. In order to determine it correctly we use the information that the Lot of Fortune falls in 3%. Thus we have for nighttime Ap Aq (A Ao) OT, = A — i + ho = Ag— 28 thus AD = 6. + Error for Taurus; cf. Commentary. * Cf. Commentary. * A house of 2f is ¥. 98 LITERARY SOURCES: This shows that we have to correct for sun and Mer- cury Mm to &, the diametrically opposite sign. This correction restores not only a proper elongation to Venus but also is consistent with the requirement of nighttime. With the corrected elements the following comparison shows agreement for 95 May 14: Text Computed & i2d — ——4 a) x — — My Ed ees about 8 P.M. This horoscope is only four days earlier than No. L 95,V,18 and both belong to the group of No. L 50. No. L 95,V,18 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 83,27 to 84,2 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Taurus, moon in Aries, Saturn [in Leo], Mars, Venus, (and) Horoscopos in Cancer, Jupiter in Virgo, Lot of Fortune and exaltation of the nativity in Gemini. It (the nativity) rose from medio- crity and became that of a governor and strategus. For since it was a daytime birth I found (first) the sun in the triangle of the moon+ (8 MVS) and the moon and its partners, Venus and Mars, at centers ° and the Lot of Fortune * and the exaltation (of the nativity) in Gemini, in apoklima—hence the beginning was mediocre—and the ruler* (of 1%, ¥%) in the (11th locus) Agathos- daimon (% ). COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 A systematic investigation shows that no date in the first three centuries of our era corresponds to the data of the text according to which Saturn, Mars, and Venus should be in Cancer. Assuming a simple omission of Leo ® after Saturn solves the problem. The text then becomes almost a parallel to No. L 95,V,14 of the same group in which No. L 50 is the earliest horoscope. With this emendation we obtain for 95 May 18 1 One would expect @ which is ruler of the triangle at day- time, not the moon, which is the ruler at night. ? The moon in M, Mars and Venus in H. The latter are partners of the moon because they are rulers of the same triangle (cf. Vettius Valens II,1 p. 55,22-25). *From Ar = Aa + (Ag — Ao) =%—T=. *A house of & is IL. L95,V,14— No. L97,IT Vest Computed 6 24 oi) ie. © Gk 4S 27 Saul about 10 a.m. m 4 Soa’ tee es b9 RHwoa csA«x«® = No. L 97,II Vettius Valens II,41 p. 129,1-7 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury, Venus in Pisces, Saturn in Virgo, Jupiter in Aries, Mars in Taurus, moon in Sagittarius, Horoscopos in Leo. The Lot of Fortune in Taurus.4 Mars was located so that he ruled the Daimon (in m) to which he was opposite (in 8). The (8th) Locus of Death * was in Sagittarius and the moon was there, in an inferior aspect to Saturn (in ™), which was in the sign of the full moon (in 1). Similarly Mercury (in 3), the ruler * of the full moon (in ™), was in opposition (to % and full moon in ™). This person was beheaded. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 This is the second example in a group of horoscopes which is discussed in the introduction to No. L 65,V. The positions as given in the text cannot be satisfied for any date within the first three centuries. On the other hand the astrological data confirm the text with respect to sun, moon, and all planets except Venus and Jupiter. The fact that Venus is mentioned before Saturn would make it difficult to emend its position. Thus Jupiter remains as the sole planet for which an emendation of its place does not affect the remaining text. Under this condition a satisfactory solution can be found as 97 February 23: Text Computed o) %* 4 fo) one * 16 2 % 15 b mM 28 There ky mM I7CES $ Bn B23 C 7x *” 10 leh 20 about 4 P.M. ° Also “ Virgo” would be possible since a modern longitude SL 28 might well be counted as belonging to mM. No. L 97,11 *From Ar = dua + (@—A>) =ULAtY= By * Counted from the Lot of Fortune. * Because TQ is a house of Mercury. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L97,II—No. L101,III 99 The preceding full moon occurs eight days earlier, the moon being in $v 26, the next full moon on March 16 in M25. Considering the difference of about 4° or 5° between ancient and modern longitudes both positions could be called “in ™” by the text. No. L 97,X1I Vettius Valens II,21 p. 85,19-24 TRANSLATION Sun, Jupiter, Mars, (and) Venus in Scorpio, Saturn in Libra, moon in Aries, Mercury in Sagittarius, Horo- scopos in Leo. Also the ruler of the exaltation (of the nativity, ™), Mercury,’ was found in Midheaven with respect to the Lot (of Fortune, 3 *) and improved the nativity as regards livelihood. The rulers (© and 2£) of the triangle (of the moon, 7 SU #) and of the Lot (of Fortune, 2£°) being found in Lower Midheaven (m) made him miserly, unambitious and niggardly. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 Perfect agreement is found for 97 November 6: Text Computed fi, AS m 24 ss = As. x 3 about midnight Tix Aw 10 oO PO 3S wo oO 3 p For related horoscopes cf. No. L 50. No. L 101,I Vettius Valens II,41, p. 129,18 to 23 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 120,35 to p. 121,2) TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Aquarius, moon in Gemini, Saturn in Scorpio, Jupiter in Pisces, Mars in Cancer, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Capricorn, the Lot of Fortune in Virgo,? the Locus? of Death in Aries. The lords of these (places) were in opposition (to each + A house of Mercury is mM. * From Ar = \n— (Ag Ao) = SL minating when > is rising. ® A house of 2f is %. 7* =; and 7 is cul- No. L101,1 +From Ar = Au (AG Ao) 15 ? Omitted in CCAG. 4° = TR. other) in watery signs * and furthermore Mars (in 95) happened to be in the Dysis. This person was burned to death in a bath. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 ® The given positions lead to 101 January 28 as date of this horoscope as is shown by the following comparison: ext Computed eS 29 10 iS 4 Ld) i about 4 A.M. y ancy GS IS or A 20 ©) oe WAS SHKSHR! ss Virgo, where the Lot of Fortune is located, is ruled by Mercury whose house lies there. The 8th locus, counted from the Lot of Fortune, is Aries, a house of Mars. And Mercury (in V3) and Mars (in 25) are in opposi- tion to each other. For related horoscopes cf. No. L65,V. No. L 101,111 Vettius Valens II,26 p. 94,3-11 TRANSLATION Sun, Jupiter, (and) Venus in Pisces, moon in Libra, Mars in Cancer, Mercury in Aquarius, Saturn in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Leo. This person was famous and wealthy. For the sun was accompanied by the beneficent (planets) and was found situated in the Lot of Fortune (>< ),1 together with its ruler (i.e., Jupiter). But since the co-rulers (¢ and ¢€) of the triangle (3€ 295 M) were unfavorably located and the ruler (> ) of Daimon (in V3)” was turning away,’ this person was banished and committed suicide.* In addition, Mars was in opposition to (VS) the (Locus of) accomplishment ® and the ruler (8%) of the exaltation (of the nativity, m °) did not have a suitable locus (A) but was in inferior aspect and vitiated by Saturn. * Cf. Vettius Valens 1,2 (p. 8,32; p. 11,12/13 Kroll). No. L101, III *From Ary = An + (A Ao) =o ° A house of % is V3. * Cf. Introduction p. 13. “Following Kroll, Index p. 404b. Literally “he removed of his own accord.” ° This is the 11th locus, counting from the Lot of Fortune (3). ° A house of % is mm. 5° = X. 100 LITERARY SOURCES: COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 15 For 101 March 5 one finds excellent agreement: Text Computed 14 Tots ADP BA a he ee SS CSW bP about 4 P.M, For three other horoscopes which are contained in the same chapter cf. No. L 78. No. L 102,1V,a Vettius Valens III,16 p. 157,20-23 TRANSLATION Sun in Taurus, Mercury in Taurus, moon in Pisces, Saturn in Scorpio, Jupiter, Mars (and) Venus in Aries, Horoscopos in Gemini. The rising time (of 3) in the second clima is 28°. Mercury in Taurus (which has) the rising time 24 and {Venus} Mars in Aries 15. He died in the 67th year. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 The date of this horoscope is 102 April 30: Text Computed © 8 6.6 68 3 ro) oo ¢ SKE % 12 R ™m ie 2s 2 p23 | af ap tss Q 29(!) H about 8 AM. The rising times for Babylon, System A, are a2 = 24 a3. 28. If we add to the sum of these two numbers the numeri- cal value of the 15 year period of Mars one obtains 52 -+ 15.67" The horoscope immediately following concerns again 102 April 30 but about 10 p.m. For the subjects of both + Gemini is taken because it is the Horoscopos and the Horo- scopos is the starter; the ruler of 1 is % (whose house is JL). Thus &, the location of %, is considered. Finally we find for the Lot of Fortune Ar = Au + (AQ —AQ) = H+ 10° = P and $ is its ruler. No. L 101,1II — No. L 102,XII,4 horoscopes Vettius Valens records death at the age of 67 years,” a coincidence which he certainly considered as an important confirmation of the theory. Another horoscope in this chapter is No. L 82. No. L 102,1V,b Vettius Valens III,16 p. 157,24-27 TRANSLATION Another. The same configuration of the stars [as in No. L.102,[V,a] of another nativity, only the Horo- scopos in Capricorn, the Lot of Fortune in Pisces.t The rising time (of 3€) in the second clima is 20° and the period of Jupiter 12 (years). And since (Jupiter) is in Aries whose rising time is 20° and (the period) of Mars is 15 (years) the total is 67. So long he lived. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 This second horoscope for 102 April 30 is about 14 hours later than No. L 102,[V,a. Consequently only the position of the moon is appreciably different (3 21). As rising times are used C1 09 20 and the periods of Jupiter (ruler of 3¢) and Mars (ruler of Y) are added, leading to a total of 40+ 124 15 = 67. The third and earliest horoscope in this chapter is Now 82. No. L 102,X1II,4 Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,14 to 17 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury (and) Saturn in Sagittarius, moon in Pisces, Mars in Leo, Venus in Capricorn, Horoscopos (and) Jupiter in Taurus. In the 45th year birth of twin children non-effective ;* in the same (year) also high priesthood; in the 51st (year) a distinguished public office; in the 52nd year death of a child. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 For 102 December 4 one finds Text “ Computed © m 12 } x x 30 b Fee * One died in his 67th year, the other 67 years old. 7 ; No. L 102,IV,b {Prom Ag — Na (A@—Ao) = 3-102 — se, No. L 102,X11,4 * dxpmnaros; perhaps stillborn. - LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 102,X11,4— No. L103 ext Computed C *€ x 9 oe agit SY 27 we VS Rm 28(!) H about 4 P.M. aes ee This example is the earliest one in a group of thirteen, collected in V,10. The following is their list in chrono- logical order : 102 Dec. 4 p. 230,14-17 107 May 8 p. 228,31-229,5 110 Sept. 27. _p. 230,7-10 111 Apr. 24 pp. 228,15-30 112 July 27 p. 229,13-36 113 July 1 p231,82-282,3 114 Nov. 10 pp. 230,32-231,4 120 May 12 _—ip.._230,18-21 122 Jan. 22 p. 230,22-31 123 Jan. 3 p. 231,5-31 134 Nov. 4 p. 22727-22814 135 Oct. 27 p. 229,6-12 153 May 8 30, is No. L 102,X11,14 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 283,14 to p. 284,2 Chapter VII,5 ‘“ Method concerning successful and unsuccessful times (determined by means) of half, third, and two-thirds of the rising times and of the planetary periods ” contains as examples 18 horoscopes the earliest of which is the present one. Their list follows: p. 280,34 to p. 281,23 124 July 29 p. 281,24 to p. 282,2 134 June 23 pacoc, 101) 108 Nov. 6 16 to 27 PO? Dees 15 Dp. 282,28 to p, 283,2 boeiulyt Pi-253, 9, ton 13 1297 Jan. 16 p. 283,14 to p. 284,2 £02 Dec. 14 p. 284, 3 to ll 105 Jan. 1 p. 284,12 to p. 285,3 158 Aug. 14 p. 285, 4 to 15 Lis Sept. 30 p. 286,29 to 37 114 July 26 pucos, b§ to710 120: Feb. 8 ito. 16 118 Nov. 26 17 to 23 127 July 18 24 to 29 122 Jan. 30 30 to 34 133 Apr. 24 p. 288,20 to p. 289,14 142 Mar. 25 p. 290, 6 to 14 120 sSept., 25 TRANSLATION Sun, Saturn (and) Mercury in Sagittarius, moon in Cancer, Jupiter in Taurus, Mars in Leo, Venus in Capricorn, Horoscopos in Virgo, clima 2. This person 101 began as deputy governor but falling into the governor’s disfavor in his 34th year was condemned to the quarry. For Mars with the sun ruled the period—of sun 19 and Mars 15 are 34. In the 36th year by the aid of greater (persons) he was released from confinement as disabled and at that time the rising time of Leo? (location of Mars) was operative in the 36th year, and 12 of Jupiter in dominant aspect and 24? of Taurus are 36. But also of Capricorn (location of Venus) 28* and of Venus 8 are 36. The beneficent (stars) then were strong. In the 39th year his circumstances were upset through the former enmity and he was condemned to an oasis. For the stars in Sagittarius ruled the period, of the sun 19, of Mercury 20 make 39; and take two-thirds of 58 (years) which is 38 (years) 8 months.* Again of sun 19, Mercury 20, and Leo, because (Sv is the location) of Mars in trine, 19,5 make 58. (Again:) for Mars (in Su) 19,° and of the sun 19 and of Mercury 20 are 58. In the 40th year he lived precariously and fell ill. How- ever, his wife accompanying him affectionately comforted him and shared her possessions with him. The 40 years were indicated by the approaching conjunction of the moon (in %5) with Mars (in $v)—for 25 of the moon and 15 of Mars are 40—and the triangular position of Jupiter and Venus indicated the same, for 12 of Jupiter and 28 of Venus * are 40. And these are the prognostics I myself found.® COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 We have here a horoscope for 102 December 14: Text Computed Ze Moa Ppramws© = Gooey SOxWyunuy S about midnight No. L 103 Vettius Valens II,41, p. 129,24 to 28 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 121,3 to 7) TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Capricorn, moon in Cancer, +JIn clima 2, System A and B, as = 36. * In clima 2, for both systems, a2 = 24. *In clima 2, System A, a1 = 28. * Thus again about 39 years; the text (or Kroll) has 58 (years) 8 months. ° Leo is the house of the sun, whose period is 19. ° Similar references to evidence from Vettius Valens’ own experience are found in Nos. L114,[IX; L122,XII; L158. 102 Saturn (and) Mercury in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Taurus, Mars in Leo, Horoscopos in Aquarius, Lot of Fortune in Leo. Mars was located here in a fiery and solar sign * opposite to the Horoscopos, Saturn and Mercury were in a dominant aspect to the Locus of Death. This person was burned alive. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 For 103 January 10 one reaches good agreement except for Venus and a small deviation for Mars: DERE Computed ts j © g C R 3 Ssaruuh#S as 1(1) about 8 A.M. oa w 2 3 H This horoscope is one of a group in which No. L 65,V is the earliest. Because the elongation of the moon is about 180° the Lot of Fortune coincides with the setting sign. The 8th locus from the Lot of Fortune (SU), the Locus of Death, is %, which is in quartile to Saturn and Mercury in Sagittarius. No. L 104,1V Vettius Valens II,36 p. 114,6-9 TRANSLATION Sun in Taurus, Mars in Taurus, moon in Virgo,* Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Gemini, Mercury, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Aries, the Lot of Fortune in Sagittarius,” its ruler ( 2 *) in Gemini. Further, Daimon in Leo, its ruler (© *) in Taurus. This person was short-armed. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 16 For 104 April 23. one finds a ext Computed Gr ‘ae 8 8 ve 29e)) 1Cf. for these qualities of Leo: Vettius Valens 1,2 p. 9,14 Kroll. See also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 138. No. L104,1V 1 The variant, moon in Capricorn, is incorrect. ?From Ar =)uz (Aq Xo) =7—4= A. * Whose house is 77. * Whose house is 6\. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L103—No. L.104,VII Text Computed C TI ™m 6 R x x 19 26 uk m 14 fe) gee Q Be Ne AE H about 4 A.M. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. No. L 104,VII Vettius Valens V,12 p. 237,24 to 31 TRANSLATION For example let sun, Jupiter (and) Mars be in Cancer, moon in Libra, Saturn in Sagittarius, Venus (and) Mercury in Leo, Horoscopos in Gemini. He died in the 54th year. For the cycle of Saturn was (in its) 18(th critical period), that of Jupiter (in its) sixth, that of the sun (in its) third;+ a common return of these (stars, to the same distances). And sun and Jupiter were found (to be) in the death-bringing month, that is Sagittarius. And besides, sun and Jupiter and Mars yielded the 54th year from the (8th) Locus of Death * (in ™) to Saturn in Sagittarius. The yielding was grievous. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 One finds for 104 July 17 Text Computed © a 25 2 eB) Soe 3 2505) C = = 13 b x mx 14 se) Qo 5 a NL 8 H nite about 4 A.M. This is the second of two horoscopes in a chapter for which Critodemus is quoted as author. The first horo- scope is No. L 92,11. * Previously in this chapter Vettius Valens assigned to each planet a critical number. eg. 2 =3, 2L=9 and © =18. Because 54 = 18-3 = 6-9 = 3-18 we have the above statements. * This, probably, is related to a doctrine stated in V,6 (p. 214, 19 ff.) according to which the point opposite to the sun is sig- nificant, thus in our case # where the harmful } is located. * Counted from the Lot of Fortune. LIVERARY SOURCES: No. L105 Vettius Valens II,21, p. 86,10-16 and VII,5 p. 284,3-11 TRANSLATION First Version Sun (and) Mercury in Capricorn, moon (and) Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Cancer, Mars in Virgo, Venus in Aquarius, Horoscopos in Libra. The rulers (2£ and ©) of the Triangle (of the moon, # Y SU) were found in center (M and IMC) but in opposition. Wherefore the nativity, though well provided and prosperous at first was later found to be reversed and needy, with forecast of burning and plunder. For the ruler of the Lot (of Fortune, ™+) Mars,? was found in the (11th) locus * of accomplishment, in apoklima and in aspect with Saturn. Second Version (Positions as before, adding only) second clima. In the 48th year he witnessed a very grave sorrow, the death of a beloved child, and in the same (year) also (the death) of the mother. Virgo and Libra indicated it since they are of equal rising time. For Libra 8 years,* for Virgo 40, make 48. Since Mars was found within the Horoscopos ° he caused grief in spirit. And besides, 40 of Virgo and 32 of Sagittarius make 72, two-thirds of which is 48. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 The date is found to be 105 January 1: Text Computed Hl SuYUuxSs a 27 about midnight Tosa psarace hes ee ee ee: Additional information comes from the second version (VII,5). The second clima indicates a geographical latitude of Babylon-Syria. The following rising times are quoted: (CI I= (07) = 40 and (air) a oye, correct for Babylon, System A. For related horoscopes cf. No. L50 and No. L102 XII 14 respectively. +From Ay = \u — (X¢ =A) =-.+1°=M. 2 A house of @ is ML. > Counted from ™, the Lot of Fortune. + Because = is a house of Venus which has a period of 8 years. 5 Mars is found, for the date in question, to be very close to entering Libra whereas the rising point was about 6 (cf. No. L105 — No. L107 No. L 106 Vettius Valens II,36 p. 113,3-10 103 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Saturn in Capricorn, moon in Scorpio, Jupiter in Leo, Mars in Pisces, Venus (and) Mercury in Aquarius, Horoscopos in Virgo, the Lot of Fortune in Scorpio,’ the Daimon in Cancer. Then in opposition to the Daimon, which forecasts the intellectual and the spiritual, was Saturn and he was in dominant aspect to the (preceding) full moon (in 95) and to the phase at that time, and the ruler of the Lot of Fortune (@ ”) was in opposition to the Horoscopos. Thus this person had in the fated places injury and tender feet and most of all he was lunatic. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 One finds for 106 January 16: Lext Computed ©} vs 26 eal Van Co m, m 16 26 S&L su 16 3 Pa OE ALS 28 we A Sulake we Ei ti about 10 p.m. For related horoscopes cf. No. 83. No. L 107 Vettius Valens V,10 p. 228,31 to p. 229,5 TRANSLATION Sun in Taurus, moon, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Aries, Saturn in Capricorn, Jupiter in Virgo, Mars in Scorpio, Mercury in Gemini. In the 51st year (of his life) he went abroad and going to the (court of the) king he won a case for the high priesthood of a friend. For the yielding was from moon and Venus and Horo- scopos [to] Mercury? in the (3rd locus) of god and king. In this same year also the death of a child occurred, for Mars in the (8th) locus of death transmitted to Saturn in the (10th) locus concerned with children. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 The date of this horoscope is 107 May 8 as is seen from the following comparison Commentary). Hence Mars was certainly within the 30° section which makes the “ Horoscopos.” No. L 106 *From Ar = An— (Ag — Ao) =m+2°=m. ? Whose house is TM. No. L 107 * Because 51 = 3 mod. 12 and ¥ in XU is in the 3rd sign from @ el ste GPs 104 LITERARY SOURCES: Text Computed © re) 8. IS C “ec 14 2 IF ge 25) ef about 4 A.M. b Vs vs 24 26 TR m 9 3} Tm im, 23 3 Ir me The assignment of the loci is strange. The locus of “god” is ordinarily locus 9, locus 3 being “ goddess ” ; the locus of “children” is ordinarily locus 5 but we know from Vettius Valens IV,12 that also the 10th locus (M) is associated with children.* For related horoscopes cj. No. L102,XII,4. The horoscope of the son who died in the 51st year of the father is No. L135,X. No. L 108,111 Vettius Valens II,36 p. 114,10-15 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Aries, moon in Pisces, Saturn (and) Horoscopos in Aquarius, Mars (and) Venus in Taurus, Jupiter in Libra, the Lot of Fortune in Pisces, the Lot of Daimon in Capricorn. This person was possessed of a god like a madman (because) Jupiter, the ruler? of the Lot (of Fortune) (was found) in Libra, the (9th) locus concerning god, and Saturn, the ruler? of the Daimon, in the Horoscopos, and Venus in Lower Midheaven. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 Perfect agreement is found for 108 March 28: Text Computed about 2 A.M. 6 68 e % 20 a = 16 Seen’ —oa i a pow tsaacd® For related horoscopes cf. L 83. 2 According to the Stobart tables, Ci obv. I1I,24, Venus is entering \ the next day: Trajan 10 month 9 day 14= 107 May 9. Cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 223. * Cf. Introduction p. 8. No. L 108,111 lo) = = *From Ar = An — (Ag 2 A house of 2 is #. ° A house of ' is YS. 1 =x. No. L107 — No. L109 No. L 108,XI Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 282,3 to 15 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury (and) Jupiter in Scorpio, moon in Taurus, Saturn in Aquarius, Mars in Virgo, Venus in Libra, Horoscopos in Leo, second clima. In the 52nd year he had a very great quarrel and lawsuit with his sister + about property and inheritance, and at the royal (court) he won. The operative position was that dia- metrical to the moon (in 8, with period) 25, of Jupiter (in M) 12, of Scorpio 15,? making 52. Besides, for the second clima Scorpio 36,* of Jupiter 12, and of Saturn, located (in ’) in the Lot of Fortune,* 30 making 78, two-thirds of which (is) 52. And again, of Taurus 24,° of Aquarius 24, and of Saturn 30, make 78, two-thirds of which (is) 52. Thus all the stars were operative except Mars. Accordingly he was ill at this time and had a narrow escape at sea and had great expenditures, but the beneficent (stars) were destined to be in domi- nant aspect to Saturn and were the stronger. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 17 For 108 November 6 we find: Téxt Computed 14 Mm Tia cHAaAkace© [Sees Eee ow Obaeha about midnight Related horoscopes are listed with No. L 102,X11,14 and especially No. L.110,XII which gives the horoscope of the sister who was unsuccessful in the law suit. No. L 109 Vettius Valens II,21 p. 86,24-31 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Gemini, moon in Capricorn, Saturn (and) Mars in Aquarius, Venus (and) Horo- scopos in Cancer, Jupiter in Scorpio. This person was born a slave and having entered a gens, attained to + Her horoscope is No. L 110,XII. ° The period of Mars whose house is M. * For both systems as = 36 in clima 2. “From Ar = Au (A Ao) =O +1+6=™. ° For both systems a2 = an = 24 in clima>2. ° According to the Stobart tables, C: rev. I,6 (Neugebauer [4] p. 224) Mars entered == on November 1 (= Trajan 12 month 3 day 5). LITERARY SOURCES: No. L109—No. L110,ITI political offices and enjoyed honors. For the rulers ( and %) of the triangle of the sun (1 =) and of the Lot (of Fortune, ”) (» )! and of the exaltation (of the nativity,?) were found in their own domains * and in aspect with Jupiter,t but Mars and Saturn and Mercury were unfavorably located *® and therefore they reduced his livelihood and made it embarrassed. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 Good agreement is found for 109 June 2: dhext Computed ©) x 10 cee 8 25(!) Co Vs vs 0 acl a we 18 oa a esa Ol wee os iD Lee about 8 a.m. a om m 14 For related horoscopes cf. No. L.50. The same date is quoted as example ® in VIII,6 (p. 310,11 ff.). For Trajan 12 Payni (X) 8 = 109 June 2, second hour of day, the sun is assumed to be in 3 13, the moon in v3 4, with H in %. This person died in his 45th year.’ According to the Stobart tables Mercury would be in 8, entering I two days later.® No. L 110,111 Vettius Valens III,6 p. 142,8-20 TRANSLATION Sun in Pisces degree 25;8, moon in Gemini degree 16;53, Saturn in Pisces degree 1;25, Jupiter in Sagit- tarius 24;18, Mars in Taurus, 21;8, Venus in Aquarius degree 9, Mercury {Saturn} in Taurus 32(!), Horo- scopos in Libra 15, Midheaven in Cancer 16. The luminaries were in apoklima, the Horoscopos was the starter, the terms of Jupiter and Jupiter (itself) were unsuitably located, the nativity was without ruler, the start was up to the point diametrically opposite to Mars in Scorpio 21 degrees. For, located in the starting *From Ar =Aut (A@—Ag) =2Xot 7 =. And & is a house of b. * Counting from the Lot of Fortune (*) one finds 7 (whose ruler is 2{) ; with respect to the Horoscopos one finds & (whose ruler is @). * Saturn is in his house (7%) and so is Mercury (JC) but not 2 or OF *Saturn in quartile, Venus in trine, but not Mercury. ° Cf. Vettius Valens p. 89,12: pi idioror gj adda waparéoy. ° Cf. p. 180 No. 12. *Vettius Valens p. 310,31. ®C, rev. II,5; cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 224. 105 terms + and sending rays toward the same terms, (Mars) cancelled it. He died in the 51st year. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 This and the preceding horoscope (No. L75) are among the few cases in Vettius Valens where the plane- tary positions are given with degrees and minutes. The date is undoubtedly 110 March 15 in spite of the devia- tions which amount to several degrees and which are in part caused only by the difference in norm of longi- tudes (cf. p. 180).2 In the case of Mercury the text is in confusion as is shown by the mention of Saturn and of an impossible number of degrees (32). Text Computed Text—comp. © % 25:8 % 23 +2 C Tie NG Sys) m 1S +2 R % 1:25 Boe FAA) + 8;30 2 5k Pets mx 21 + 4 é ll tape HS) +8 9g ee ts cos ah +1 3 Soc) eC eke H x 15 about 7 P.M. Vice © Fe Ws) 2yy” An explicit confirmation of our computation can be found in Vettius Valens I,20 (p. 35,15 to p. 36,2; cf. also OCAG 2p. 104,25 top. 105.6). There.a simple method for the cyclic computation of planetary longi- tudes is explained and illustrated by means of examples. As a first example is chosen the date Trajan 13 Pha- menoth 18 which corresponds to 110 March 14/15. This precedes our horoscope by only a few hours, a difference which would only be recognizable for the moon. For this date Vettius Valens finds in & bal fae b in ¥ 3 Dae hat x0 Q that is the same signs which he found by more accurate computation for the horoscope. The Demotic planetary tables,> Stobart C:, give the + Both Horoscopos and Mars are in terms of Jupiter. * The same signs, but no degrees, are given for the planets from Saturn to Venus in 1,20 (p. 35,15 Kroll) for the day before: Trajan 13 Phamenoth (VII) 18=110 March 14 (cf. p. 180 No. 13). The position of the moon excludes the identi- fication of the two examples. * Computed by use of the Handy Tables (cod. Vat. gr. 1291). Because the vernal point is almost in the horizon it is obviously correct that the culminating point is practically 90° distant in longitude. The method of Paulus Alexandrinus (cf. p. 10) would lead to M = 25 19;10. “CCAG 2, p. 105,5 has here, incorrectly, 3. The error goes back to the general rules where (p. 104,16) Phaophi (II) is associated with V3 instead of with 7. ° Cf. p. 173. Neugebauer [4] p. 224. 106 following positions for 110 March 12 = Trajan 13 month 7 day 16 ® Text b in 4”, 8 days before entering % 15325 4% in # 25-18 6 in 8 Ome @ in 4%, 2 days after entering 27 ie % in Y, 5 days after entering 7 peeyAle!) No. L 110,1X Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,7-10 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury (and) Venus in Libra, Saturn in Aquarius, Jupiter (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius, Mars in Virgo, moon in Leo. In the 47th year he was heir to a friend and in the same (year) he was separated from his wife because of jealousy and abuse. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 The given data correspond to 110 September 27: Text Computed © 3 3 Se x= 9 2 om 4 BE aw wy 24 la # 17 Hi about 10 a.m. é 86m mm 18 (ESE su il For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1II,4. According to the Stobart tables Mercury entered = the day before.* No. L 110,XII Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 282,16 to 27 TRANSLATION The defeated woman? had the following theme. Sun (and) Mercury in Sagittarius, moon in Cancer, Saturn in Aquarius, Jupiter {in Virgo} [and] * Venus in Capri- corn, Mars in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Gemini, clima 4. The 54th year is indicated by Saturn and Venus, 30 and ® Alexandrian calendar. No. L110,1X 1 Stobart C, rev. 1V,25 (Neugebauer [4] p. 224): Trajan 14 month 1 day 29 = 110 September 26. No. L110,XII 1 Referring to the law suit in the preceding horoscope (No. L 108,XI). ? Cf. the Commentary. LITERARY SOURCES:. No. L. 110,11] — No. L.110,X11 24% (respectively), making 54. And, again, 36 (the rising time) of Scorpio, and (the period) of Mars, located in the Lot (of Fortune, m *), which ® had effec- tive influence, 15, and of Saturn 30, making 81, two- thirds of which is 54, for also the dominant aspect ° of the maleficent (stars) itself was operative. In the 53rd year she had the prospect and expectation of vic- tory through the help of influential persons, wherefore she was persuaded to go to court, since the moon counted 25 and (the rising time of) Capricorn (the place of Venus) 28, making 53. But in the 54th year she was abandoned by her helpers, for the beneficent (stars) did not combine their times (to this total). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 The position of the sun (7) requires a date in December. For 106 December 1 one finds Jupiter in the middle of Virgo, but Saturn is about 20° short of Aquarius. The situation is equally bad near a.p. 47 or in 165 and 166. Thus it is clear that for centuries no solution can be found such that all data of the text are satisfied. At the same time it is easy to see that the text contains errors; for example, the rising times of Scorpio and Capricorn as == 36 ao. 28 are only correct for clima 2, Babylon, (System A) but not for “clima 4” as stated in the text. Similarly the enumeration Venus-Mars instead of Mars-Venus is suspicious. In order to emend the text, the experience can be utilized that the date of the latest event quoted varies only in very small limits within each individual chapter. In our present case the limits of the dates quoted in 16 horoscopes from this chapter * are 154 and 164 respec- tively. The latest year quoted is the 54th which leads us back to a birth between 100 and 110. Within this interval Jupiter is correctly in MT in December 106 but Venus, Mars, and Saturn are wrong, whereas the astro- logical commentary agrees with the initial positions of Mars and Venus. Saturn is correctly located in < for the years 108 to 110 but Mars and Venus are wrong for 108 and 109. For 110 December 15, however, one finds perfect agreement, Jupiter alone excepted: Text Computed Ot x 23 Baye ne € 25 Sole * The origin of this figure for Venus is doubtful; it is the rising time of 7, the place of Mercury, not of Venus. *From Ar = Au — (Ag —Ao) =1K+5*=mM. ° That is Mars. ° Cf. Vettius Valens p. 102,16. * Cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L.110,XII — No. L 111,1X Text Computed R ee Be PAS © 2 = m(!) yw 3 2 V3 VS $ ™m im, WA He” or sunset This also explains the apparent error of enumerating Venus before Mars; one has simply to read “ Jupiter (and) Venus in Capricorn.” No. L 111,IV Vettius Valens V,10 p. 228,15 to 30 TRANSLATION Sunin Taurus, moon (and) Mercury in Aries, Saturn in Pisces, Jupiter (and) Mars in Aquarius, Venus in Gemini, Horoscopos in Virgo. In the 42nd year (of his life) he was heir to a female person; for the paradosis at (interval) 6+ was from moon and Mercury in the (8th) locus of Death in Aries, to Virgo, house of Mer- cury, and from a sign of exaltation (7, exaltation of the sun) to an exaltation (of ¥,1e., Mm). In the 45th year he held a distinguished office for public affairs ; for Venus at Midheaven gave over to Mars, which indicated trouble, and to Jupiter,? which indicated esteem. And the start was from the Horoscopos to the sun (in M) wherefore he gained royal recognition at that time. And in the same year he freed (his) concubines because Jupiter in the (6th) locus of slaves took over from Venus. In the 46th year he had troubles and reverses in affairs of property * and because of female persons, quarrels, and the death of two concubines; for the transfer (of power) was from Venus to Saturn in the (7th) locus of marriage and from sun to Mars and Jupiter. From these quarrels then he ceased. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 The strenuous life of this person began in 111 April 24 as is seen from the following comparison: Text Computed © fo) Sh a Gen seas: me 4 ” 10 R x x 10 * The Stobart tables as well as P. Tebt. 274 would give X. According to Stobart Ci rev. III,24 Saturn enters 3€ in Trajan 14 month 3 day 24 (=110 November 20) whereas T gives day 23 (cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 224 and p. 241 respectively). Now Eaeie lv; + Because 42 = 6 mod. 12. 2 Because 45 =9mod.12 and ¢ and 2{ in ™ are in the 9th sign from @ in J. * Reading xryntwy for ryxrwy in line 27. 107 Text Computed 2 ral VS"27 ©!) ony oe eo We 2 an x 18 Jal gh about 2 P.M. Both the Demotic Stobart tables and the Greek plane- tary tables P. Tebt. 274 lead to as position of Jupiter. According to Stobart C, rev. III,28 Jupiter entered < at Trajan 14 month 8 day 15 = 111 April 10 while T gives a date 3 days earlier.* For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. No. L 111,1X Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 285,4 to 15 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Libra, moon in Aquarius, Saturn in Pisces, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars in Aries, Venus in Leo, Horoscopos in Cancer, clima 6. This person was rich, but about the 47th year he lost (his riches). For Saturn was operative, being in Midheaven (in the) 9(th locus),* and the rising of Pisces (the place of Saturn): of Saturn 30, of Pisces 17,2 making 47. Further, the diameter of sun (in =) and Mars (in 7’ ) and Mercury (in +) : of Mars 15 and of the rising time of Aries 17? and of the sun 19 and of Mercury 20 {and of Leo 38} * making altogether 71, two-thirds of which is 47 (years) and 4 months. And the side of the square of Libra and Capricorn: of Capricorn 27,* of Mercury (in =) 20, making 47. In appearance then he seemed to be guarded all round but he had to expect reverses and loss because of a woman. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 18 The date 111 September 30 satisfies the conditions of the horoscope : *Cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 224 and p. 241 respectively. IN, Wey alle * Counting by zodiacal signs, beginning with H = % as locus 1, Saturn is found in the 9th locus (3€). Counting in the same fashion, Midheaven would be locus 10 = P. In order to justify the statement that Saturn was in M we would have to assume accurate computation (“by degrees”), which indeed may place Saturn in the culminating segment (a real check is made jm- possible by the omission of degrees for H and the sun). But then also the counting of the loci should have been modified accordingly. * The rising time of Pisces and Aries is a2—=17—=ai in clima 6, System B. * This is an interpolation, which, however, could have indi- cated that also Venus (period 8) in ©. plus the rising time of Sl, namely 39 for clima 6 (System B) give the total 47. Thus 38 is probably an error for 39 + 8. * The rising time of V3 is a= 27 for clima 7(!) in System B or for clima 2(!) in System A. 108 LITERARY; SOURCES. Computed I 235 ke 2 us ok Ue hae about midnight For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. No. L112,VII © Vettius Valens V,10 p. 229,13-36 TRANSLATION Sun, Mars (and) Venus in Leo, moon in Aquarius, Saturn in Aries, Jupiter in Pisces, Mercury in Cancer, Horoscopos in Virgo. In the 24th year he profited from the dead and (from) friends; in the 26th year marriage and woman’s help, in the 29th year by the death of another person’s slave and allegation of poison he had (legal) affairs and quarrels. For Saturn (in ) made paradosis to sun, Mars (and) Venus in (SU) the (12th) locus concerned with slaves, but he got help by the friendship of greater (persons), male and female. [In similar fashion this discussion continues down to his 45th year when] he was released by the influence of greater persons on ground of illness; for the paradosis of each the first period and the second period was mixed, beneficent and maleficent. And besides the maleficent (stars) were under the sun’s ray retrograde or dimmer * and fell in weaker places. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 One finds as date of this horoscope 112 July 27: Text Computed Oo ene oe 17 about 8 A.M. Tae pwtaoa® sax k Saturn is about 13 days past its first station. Both Stobart tables and P. Tebt. 274 agree with the present text in the position of Saturn since they place the entry of the planet into Y at Trajan 15 month 9 day 4= 112 April 29; ? 3€ is reentered on September 28. The case of @ also is of interest since the Stobart tables record 1 Saturn is retrograde and Mars close to the sun. 2 Cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 222 (Ci rev. V,10) and p..241. No. L111,IX —No. L113,IV the entry of this planet into MQ for a date only two days later than our horoscope.* For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. No. L 112,VIII Vettius Valens II,36 p. 114,16 to 18 (= p. XI note 1 — CCAG 5,2 p. 120,30 to 32) TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Leo, moon in Scorpio, Saturn (and) Horoscopos in Aries, Jupiter in Pisces, Mars (and) Venus in Virgo, the Lot of Fortune in Capri- corn, the (Lot of) Daimon in Cancer.* This person was hunchbacked.® COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 For 112 August 17 one finds: ext Computed ] Ee: SU ZF m 18 254 about 10 p.m. EU m 4 \ ™m 20 Saturn is retrograde; cf. the commentary to the pre- ceding horoscope. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. Ke 2 Tm No. L113,IV CCAG 8,2 p. 85,18 to p. 86,12 TRANSLATION And a third? nativity he* records as follows and he says about this person that he was born to destruction of himself and of his parents at about the age of 25; and the theme of this nativity was as follows: Sun and Horoscopos were in Aries, moon in Scorpio, 3 days after its evening rising, Mercury and Saturn in Aries at morning setting, Jupiter in Pisces at morning rising. The Lot of Fortune fell in Scorpio. The ruler, he says, in this case will be Mars. The moon after 7 days will be in [Leo],? after 40 days in Libra. : °C, obv. 1,6: Trajan 15 month 12 day 5=112 July 29. Nonpiaslt 2; Valin +From Ar = \u ey ae Frome) = 3 =e. * Or any disease with humps. No: 13 Vi * Referring to No. L 40 and to No. L 76 as the two other ones. ° Antigonus of Nicaea. * Left blank in manuscript, correctly supplied by the editors. 2 S=))85 LITERARY SOURCES: “Now LlizIV—Ne, DHS Vil [| There follows a short biographical sketch. The causes of this fate are found in the astrological conditions. | Furthermore, all of his family suffered in the same re- versals because the sun was in the Horoscopos, attended by Mercury and Jupiter. He says about it: He was ill advised because Mercury and Saturn were found in a male sign (Y ) and destroyed someone of those of the family because of this configuration, and he himself was cut down because the moon was in Scorpio, a mis- fortune-causing sign, and projecting its rays* against Mars which was in Epanaphora with respect to Mid- heaven. The damage would come to a person because Mars was in a human-shaped sign® (Aquarius). He was erotic and fond of gladiators, erotic through Venus and Jupiter, fond of gladiators because Mars was in Epanaphora with respect to Midheaven and Mercury was in the house of Mars (f ). He died about his 25th year, in a bad way, because this (the number 25) and the rising time of Aquarius were the same.® COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 We must first correct an obvious error in the text. Twice it is stated that the moon was in ™. This is excluded, however, by all other data concerning the moon: (a) the moon was 3 days after evening rising and the sun in ; this puts the moon in & or X; (6) after 7 days the moon would be in $v; but 7 days correspond to a progress of about 3 signs hence to an original position in 8; (c) after 40 days the moon would be in = or one complete rotation and 5 signs from its starting point, which thus must have been &. Hence & is the correct place for the moon. The cause of the error is probably a simple misreading of the symbol for Taurus, as it also occurred in No. L —/71. The remaining data amply suffice to determine the date of the horoscope as 113 April 6, that is 3 days after conjunction on April 3. One finds: next Computed Pas The moon is at the end of Sv after 7 days and at the end of = after 40 days.” It is furthermore correct that Mars is in 4” before culmination in V9 when the Horo- * That is the quartile aspect ahead of the moon, counted in the zodiacal order. Cf. Bouché-Leclercq. AG p. 249. Gf CCAGIII. py 139,68 ® In both systems the rising time of Aquarius is 25°, but only for Alexandria. * Cf. also No. L 40. 109 scopos is with the sun in ". Mercury is retrograde as morning star and thus in “ morning setting” and the same terminology is crudely applied to Saturn which is very close to Mercury. Jupiter is correctly at morning rising. Thus all astronomical data are correct. The Lot of Fortune, however, is said to be in M and is therefore based on the wrong lunar position in mM, computed according to peel Og Ne) =P 78 = Th. Cumont assumed (CCAG 8,2 p. 85 note) that this horoscope refers to Pedanius Fuscus who was executed with his parents, supposedly, in 136 by Hadrian. Ac- cording to Cassius Dio his age was then 18, not “ about 25” as in the above text. Our result shows that the age given in the horoscope requires the year 137/138 as the date of execution. No. L 113,VIII Vettius Valens V,10 p. 231,32 to p. 232,83 and VII,5 p. 282,28 to p. 283,2 TRANSLATION First Version Sun (and) moon in Cancer, Saturn, Jupiter (and) Mars in Aries, Venus, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Gemini. In the 20th year the parents of this person were both killed by a guardsman in an assembly of robbers; the paradosis was then from the Horoscopos to the (8th) Locus of Death (V3) and even more opera- tive was the (paradosis) at (the interval) 4 from Saturn and Mars (in ) to sun and moon (in 95) which happened to be in the (2nd) Locus of Death, indicating both father and mother. He himself, however, (although) in the melee, escaped the danger, so that the paradosis of Jupiter (in * ) was powerful in the same (time). Second Version [Positions as before] clima 1. In the 47th and 48th and 49th (year) he was ill and was weakened, suffering a great flow of blood and at the same time he was banished. The 47 years were indicated by Cancer 31 ;40 and Mars 15 making 47 (years) and 8 months; and the 48 (years), again of Cancer 31 ;40 and of the moon 25 and of Mars 15 making 72, two-thirds of which is 48 ; operative then in the 48th year were both the rising time of Gemini 28;20 and the period of Mercury 20, making 48 (years) 4 months wherefrom he gained a little lenience and support in the 49th year. Sun and Saturn allotted 19 and 30 making 49 (years) ; then the maleficent (planets in Y) being in dominant aspect to *The Stobart tables (Neugebauer [4] p. 225) indicate that Jupiter is near entering (C2 oby. 1,30: Trajan 16 month 8 day 15=113 April 10) and Mars near % (C: obv. II,7: day 18 = April 13). 110 the luminaries (in 95) were the cause of great danger and if Jupiter had not been there (in ) too they would have brought him violent death absolutely. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 For 113 July 1 one finds: a esct Computed Os au C ail @> 11 b Paley Me b= SP ‘Cae 3 | e23 2 ZA Sr rue Ws H about 4 a.m. Le According to the Siobart tables, C, obv. II,20, Venus entered X& the day before (Trajan 16 month 11 day 6 = 113 June 301). Mars, however, is just one day ahead of moving from into 8 (C, obv. II,9 day 8 = July 2). The rising times a, = 25;20 a, = 31;40 are correct for Alexandria (clima 1), System A. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XI1,4 and No. L 102,X11,14 respectively. No. L 114,V Vettius Valens III,10 p. 147,11 to 23 TRANSLATION For example let the sun be in degree 25 ;18 of Taurus, the moon 7;10 of Aquarius, Saturn degree 24 of Aries, Jupiter degree 4;25 of Taurus, Mars degree 22;53 of Cancer, Venus 28;16 of Gemini, Mercury degree 6 of Gemini, Horoscopos degree 27 of Capricorn. I took (the distance) from the degree of the moon to the next conjunction + which happened to be in Gemini degree 2;29; it makes 115. These (degrees) 1 subtract from the Horoscopos (and) it falls in the second degree of Libra. And the start is from here to the radiation of the maleficent (stars). For Saturn radiating at diameter and Mars at quartile about the same degrees caused the death; and Jupiter was turning away? and Venus was not well located and had no power to aid. The (subject of the) nativity lived 28 years 9 months. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 Fair agreement is reached for 114 May 13: * Neugebauer [4] p. 225. No. L114,V > Cf. for this concept Vettius Valens p. 145,32 ff. ° Cf. Introduction p. 13. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L113,VIII— No. L 114,VII Text Computed Text—comp. © & 25218 % 20 +5 C 7 ne FA + 5 b ye 24 gp NO) + 5 2 B 43:25 % 0 + 4;30 3} 5 Boas Te aS +8 g m 28;16 me 27 +1 io} BO) Be = Ae +5 isl YS) A about 10 p.m. The next conjunction is placed at 1% 2;25 as compared with 8 29 on May 22 according to computation. It is of interest to note that the Stobart tables list the entry of Mars into the next sign for 13 days later,® of Venus into 95 for the next day.* A second horoscope from the same chapter is No. 127, X1 No. L 114,VII Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 286,29 to 37 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Leo, moon in Libra, Saturn in Aries, Jupiter in Taurus, Mars (and) Venus in Virgo, Horoscopos in Capricorn, clima 2. In the 40th year he had a crisis: of moon 25, of Aries 15,* making 40. Or of its diameter, Aries 20,? of Libra 40,3 two- thirds of which is 40. Thus the crisis was double. And at the same time I found Capricorn, the Horoscopos, 28 * and of Jupiter (in 8 ) in trine 12, making 40. And again of Capricorn 30° and of Taurus 22° and of period 8," making 60, two-thirds of which is 40. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 19 For 114 July 26 one finds icact Computed © ee! ¥ os su 15 « ae = 22 2 ah p 24 * Neugebauer [4] p. 225: C2 obv. III,16 Trajan 17 month 10 day 1=114 May 26 entry into ¢\. *C. oby. 111,29: month 9 day 19 = May 14. No, L114,VII * Aries is a house of Mars, which has the period 15 years. ° The rising time of Aries is a1 = 20 for clima 2, System A. ° The rising time of Libra is a; = 40 for clima 2, System A. * The rising time of Capricorn is ai = 28 for clima 2, Sys- tem A. ° Capricorn is a house of Saturn, whose period is 30 years. * The rising time of Taurus has the value a: = 22 only for clima 5(!) (in both Systems). Everything would have’ been correct if the rising times of both V3 and & had been taken, since for clima 2 and System A holds 10 + Q12 = 28 + 24 i, ay * Because of Venus whose house is Taurus. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L114,VII—No. L114,XI Text Computed 2 8 sls} 3 m 1 9 ™ m 17 H VS about 4 P.M. This date is confirmed by an example * quoted in I,23 (p. 52, 16-29) where for Trajan 17 Mesore (XII) 2 = 114 July 26 the sun is said to be in § 5, the moon in = 18 and H in vs 24. The Stobart tables seem to assign to Saturn a position in & since the planet entered this sign in Trajan 17 month 11 day 4114 June 28° being back in Y the next New Year day *° (= August 29). In all proba- bility, however, the date of the reentry in Y should have been listed at the end of year 17—According to the same tables Mercury would have entered SU only 4 days earlier. For related horoscopes cf. No. L102 XII 14 and in particular No. L 133. No. L114,1X Vettius Valens VIL,2 p. 268,7 to 15 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Libra, Saturn in Aries, Jupiter in Taurus, Mars [in Libra], Mercury in Virgo, moon in Sagittarius, Horoscopos in Libra; clima 3. In the 39th year he was banished; rising time of Aries 20, Saturn there, and the sun diametrically opposite 19, for both (% and ©) were in opposition to their own exaltations. He had, then, crises in the earlier times; but for the comparison with the preceding nativity,* for it is a brother, we watched the 39th year. One must marvel then at the natural law? that it brought the periods to the same (result)* even though they were born in different climata.* COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 We find the date 114 September 24 from Text Computed oe = OMe aos = 8 * No. 14 in the list on p. 180. ®* Neugebauer [4] p. 225: C2 obv. III,7. 79°C. obv. IV,20. 47 C, oby. 1V,16: Trajan 17 month 11 day 28 = 114 July 22. No. L114.1X BG PaNow len tZ0 Xue ° pvors. : * The brother was banished in his 33rd year; as Kroll cor- rectly noticed he is 6 years younger and this is confirmed by our dating of the two horoscopes. *The younger brother was born in clima 2. Lee Text Computed Sp PA es = 10 Mm 18 x 21 about sunrise — bas has Has YAY Wee XY PE) cy! One would expect both Horoscopos and Mars to be mentioned with sun and Venus;*® and also the moon should come before Saturn. The rising time of Aries, a, = 20 belongs to clima 3 only in System B. For System A one would need clima Zc also Na, 120811. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 74,X1. No. L 114,XI Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,32 to p. 231,4 TRANSLATION Sun, Mars (and) Mercury in Scorpio, Saturn in Aries, moon in Virgo, Jupiter in Taurus, Venus in Libra, Horoscopos in Sagittarius. In the 42nd year, because of a woman, quarrels and confusion and notoriety and in the 44th (year) violent death of a slave and crisis of (his) father and accusation of ignoble descent and of rape; but he got help and gifts from friends. He got in trouble with the law about the writings(?)* and he went through punishment and fraud? and false accusation and was harrassed by treachery and was physically ill. Thus each paradosis had its own influence and likewise each locus. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 The date is determined as 114 November 10 from Text Computed ©) ii, U7 3 in, 10 3 m 18 b ae se iS, ( TR m 21 2 ref Onell Q = = 4 H = about 8 a.m. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. ° According to the Stobart tables (Neugebauer [4] p. 225) Venus is moving retrograde, entering Tl two days later: C2 obv. V,6 Trajan 18 month 1 day 29 = 114 Sept. 26. No. L114,XI * Perhaps religious writings (cf. p. 199,34) or legal documents ; cf. CCAG 5,2 p. 143, 144. * For érideots cf. the remarks in CCAG 8,1 p. 161. 112 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 115,II Vettius Valens III,13 p. 154,10 to 15 TRANSLATION Sun in 29 degrees of Aquarius, moon in the begin- ning of Aries, Horoscopos in 18 degrees of Capricorn, (preceding) conjunction in 26 degrees of Aquarius, ascending node in 16 degrees of Scorpio. I counted upwards? from the degree of the conjunction (4% 26) to the degree of the Horoscopos (vs 18) ; it makes 38. These downward from the degrees of the Horoscopos.? It totals for the first clima approximately 33 years. He lived 32 years five months. The place of the conception did not have the start; for the full moon of the con- ception and the ascending node happened to be at the same degrees. Therefore, he had a dangerous birth and a violent end. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 The date of this horoscope is 115 February 15: Text Computed Text—comp. © Bee) aren ye 68: + 3;30 C beg. 01°F % 26 + 4 HL ys 18 about 4 A.M. precscOnj.~) #7420 Neb. Zee e 22 + 4 2) m 16 mm it + 5 The “full moon of the conception” is the full moon which occurs about 114 June 6, the sun being in 3 13 and the moon in #7 13. The ascending node is then at about 7 5;45 hence at a longitude which is reached by the moon just before or during the day of full moon. Thus the statement of the text that full moon and node coincide is closely justified as far as time is concerned but about 7° wrong with respect to the longitudes. Two related, and incomplete, horoscopes are No. L7s1Y and Ne. 17551. No. L 115,XII Vettius Valens II,41, p. 129,29 to 33 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 121,8 to 12) TRANSLATION Sun in Capricorn, moon in Libra, Saturn in Taurus, Jupiter in Gemini, Mars (and) Horoscopos in Cancer, Venus in Aquarius, Mercury in Sagittarius, the Lot of Fortune in Libra.t In this sign the moon was in in- ferior aspect to Mars (in %) which is? in opposition * That is in the direction of the daily rotation. ° The text is here confused; cf. the procedure of No. L74,1V. No. L 115,XII * From As = ka — (X¢ —= Ag) 28 +3 =: ? Kroll p. 129,32 incorrectly émavriovpévn instead of -pévou (CCAG). No. L115,1I— No, L116 to the sun (in V3). The (8th) Locus of Death * was in Taurus, and Saturn is there. This person was killed by wild beasts. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 All conditions of this horoscope are satisfied for 115 December 26: Text Computed 4 12 Son mi To psraO “HR bi Sa br For related horoscopes see No. L 65,V. No. L116 Vettius Valens II,36 p. 113,19-24 TRANSLATION Sun in Aquarius, moon in Virgo, Saturn in Taurus, Jupiter (and) Horoscopos in Gemini, Mars in Cancer, Venus in Pisces,» Mercury in Capricorn, the Lot of Fortune in Capricorn,” the Daimon in Scorpio. To these (lots) the maleficent (stars ¢ and %) were in opposi- tion. This person was effeminate and he had unmen-- tionable vices, for Capricorn is lascivious and its ruler (Saturn *) was in Taurus, the sign (which indicates the kind of) weakness, and Scorpio indicates the kind of lasciviousness. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 For 116 January 21 one finds Text Computed CaO) m 23 ll mr 1¢ about 2 P.M. mo 27 (1) x 13 ve 6 moe MrPstAa®O Soe ey oe Mars is close to the second station. According to the Stobart tables it had entered %5 four months earlier (C, rev. 1,9: Trajan 19 month 1 day 22 == 115 Sep- _ * Counted from the Lot of Fortune (in =). No. L 116 + Variant (incorrectly) : Aquarius. ° From Ar = hao NG — i) = A * Capricorn is a house of Saturn. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L116— No. L117,X tember 204). Mercury, according to the same tables, reached V3 only 5 days earlier.° For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. No. L117,VI Vettius Valens VII,2 p. 269,11 to 28 TRANSLATION Sun, Jupiter (and) Horoscopos in Cancer, moon in Sagittarius, Saturn in Gemini, Mars in Taurus, Venus (and) Mercury in Leo; clima 3. After serving in a distinguished army post he was involved in an accusa- tion in the 38th year and lost his standing. For there was operative the rising time of Taurus 23 and the period of Mars 15, making 38, and also the side of the hexagon of Saturn (30) and Venus (8), 38. Then from the 37th year he had to expect enmities and opposi- tions; for the moon indicated the 25 and Sagittarius the 12,1 making 37, Saturn being in opposition. Further Cancer 25? and Jupiter 12 from which he got some small assistance. In the 39th year he was accused and bound and had no power to set things straight, for Mer- cury being in Leo allotted the 20 and for the sign 19,° [and] being in inferior aspect to the (star) effecting the accusation ( » ), was the weaker. And besides, Saturn was about to begin another reverse; rising time of Gemini 28 and for Sagittarius 12,1 making 40. Then at this time he was abroad and was betrayed by a woman by writings * and became poor and was troubled about slaves, some of them by alienation, and some of them by loss and penalty, and he himself was physically ill. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 20 The date is found to be 117 June 30: Text Computed % 6 26 S27 sunrise fee COS SP) (A 28 2 © OC xKN K *Cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 226. 5C, rey. 131: Trajan 19 month 5 day 20 = 116 January 16. No. L117,VI 1 The moon is as usual (cf. p. 10) given the period of 25 years, Sagittarius, a house of Jupiter, the period of this planet, ie., 12. : 2 Cancer is the house of the moon, whose period is 25. 3 Mercury has the period 20 and Leo, the house of the sun, its period of 19. 4 Perhaps indicating a lawsuit. 113 The locality is given as clima 3 and the following rising times are quoted on 25 (0k 28. The first value is only found, however, in clima 4, the second for clima 2 (Syst. A). According to the Stobart tables Jupiter is to enter Su seven days later,> and Mars is only two days from entering 3¢,° while Mercury had moved into $v two days before the date of the horoscope.” For related horoscopes cf. No. L 74,X1. No. L117,X Aelius Aristides, Sacred Discourses IV,26 + TRANSLATION [Description of a dream in which Plato appears to Aristides.] This dream came to me in Smyrna, and the other a little while before this in Pergamum. And he who explained it credited to Jupiter the dream and the manifest solicitude of the gods; for (he said) the star of Jupiter was cleaving the middle degree of Midheaven when I was born; and moreover the astronomers say that Leo was then at Midheaven and the star of Jupiter in Leo, in quartile to the right to Mercury, and both (Leo and Jupiter) in morning rising. COMMENTARY All that this very fragmentary horoscope contains is the following data: Jupiter was exactly culminating ; the sign in which this planet was located is Leo; Mercury was in quartile to Jupiter three signs ahead, thus in Scorpio. Both Jupiter and Leo were in morning rising, thus not far to the east of the sun. The last detailed discussion of this horoscope is to be found in Boulanger’s large work on Aristides (1923). The statement * that Aristides ‘nous donne en bonne et due forme son theme astrologique complet” is a somewhat surprising description of our text. Boulanger is also wrong in interpreting “ éoouvs” as “ l’observation est faite a l’aurore.” Since the concept “‘ morning” has nothing to do with individual planets, it is clear that we are dealing with the technical terminology of “ morn- ing rising” which indicates a position to the west of the sun. Consequently, the sun must be in TM or, at the most, in = (cf. fig. 14). On the other hand, Mer- cury in M requires, because of its limited elongation, a solar longitude of at least = 10 or a distance from °" Neugebauer [4] p. 226: C. rev. I1,14 2f entering in Hadrian 1 month 11 day 13 = 117 July 7. °C, rev. II,23: month 11 day 8 = July 2. ™C, rev. III,21: month 11 day 4= June 28. No. L117,X * Aristides, ed. Keil, vol. II p. 440, 21-28. * Boulanger, Aristides, p. 465. 114 LITERARY SOURCES: Leo of at least 40°. It requires some poetical license to speak still of morning rising at so great a distance from the sun. Ficure 14. The data © in = Din yee %Sint—H alone would not suffice to determine the date of a horo- scope. But we know from Suidas that Aristides died under Commodus (180 to 192) and from Philostratus that he reached an age of 60 or 70 years.* Thus he was born between about 110 and 132. Since Jupiter is in Leo during this interval only in 117 and in 129, the only question remaining is to decide between these two possibilities. The position of the sun requires a day in October and it is obvious that we must assume ¥ at the very beginning of M in order to keep the distance of the sun from $v as small as possible. These condi- tions are satisfied in both years T7SOce s 129 Oct. 16 © = 14 = 22 i" M. UOLZ ou. 2a % m O ™m al in m, 2 M13 but since in the first case Jupiter is 57° distant from the sun, in the second case 60° (and the end of Leo 44° and 52° respectively), the year 117 seems to be the preferable date by a very narrow margin. It is clear that so small a difference, based on so slender and in- accurate elements, cannot be considered as a decisive astronomical argument in favor of either one of these two dates. According to Boulanger the year 117 agrees better than 129 with the other biographical data of Aristides. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The horoscope in Aristides’ text was first utilized for the biography of the author by J. Masson in the intro- duction “ De Aristidis vita collectanea historica ” which was printed in vol. 1° of Aelia Aristidis . .. opera omnia, edited by Samuel Jebb, Oxford, 1722. Masson consulted Edm. Halley about the possible date and Halley gave him on the basis of his, own tables the years * Boulanger, p. 465. * Computed for clima 5. ® Signature g2, § IV. No. L117,X — No. L118 117 and 129, roughly October since Mercury in Scorpio required a position of the sun in Scorpio or Sagittarius.* Masson then preferred 129 on biographical grounds while later investigators, e.g. Lenormant,’ suggested 117. W. Schmid in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 2,1, col. 886 (No. 24) adopted 129 again but changed the month to “ March or April’ which is, of course, astronomically excluded. No. .L.117,30 Vettius Valens II,36 p. 113,25-31 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Sagittarius,) moon in Cancer, Saturn in Gemini, Jupiter (and) Mars in Leo, Mercury in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Capricorn. The Lot of For- tune in Leo,? the Daimon in Gemini. Saturn located in this (sign) caused him to be castrated. For the ruler (of Gemini*), Mercury, was in Scorpio, which indi- cates the part, and the sun in Sagittarius indicates the region about the groin. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 The date is 117 November 30: Text Computed Salo Hw BP on hus about 8 A.M. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 83. No. L 118 Vettius Valens II,36 p. 112,5 to 10; VII,2 p. 268,29 to 269,2; VII,5 p. 287,11 to 16; CCAG 2 p. 168,24 to p. 169,8 TRANSLATION First Version (Vettius Valens II,36) Sun, Venus (and) .Mars in Sagittarius, moon in Libra, Saturn in Cancer (error for Gemini’), Jupiter ° No reason is given for excluding Libra. ” Recherches pour servir a Uhistoire de V Egypte (1823) pp. 254-259. No. L 117,XI *Erroneously omitted in the manuscript V?. *From Ay = An + (A@—Ao) == Vejen ® A house of Mercury. No. L118 * Correct in the second and the third version, again wrong (Aquarius), in the fourth version. DI TLBRARY SOURCES. No. L118 in Virgo, Mercury in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Capri- corn, the Lot (of Fortune) in Scorpio.*? The genitals were injured (because) the ruler of Scorpio ( 6 *) was in Sagittarius. This person was baldheaded and disabled inthe penis. But Jupiter, the ruler of the Daimon (>< *) was found in the (9th) locus of the god and effected his recovery through the god; and he became a seer.°® Second Version (Vettius Valens VII,Z) Sun, Mars (and) Venus in Sagittarius, moon in Libra, Saturn in Gemini, Jupiter in Virgo, Mercury in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Capricorn. In the 19th year his father’s violent death, and he himself was afflicted by eye trouble. In the same year he went abroad and was in danger at sea. For operative was the period of the sun (19 years) with Mars with it (in #) and Saturn oppo- site (in mw). And in the 20th year he recovered, (fol- lowing an) oracle of the god by treatment and ointment. For at that time Saturn (in 3%) was operative with Gemini giving 20,° wherefore he suffered many ills. And Virgo indicated 20 with Jupiter in it; or of Jupiter 12 and of Venus (in #) in quartile 8, making 20. Thus the period belonged to many stars, but the powerful ones were those operative. [Other general considera- tions follow. | Third Version (Vettius Valens VII,5) [Same positions as before except error at the end: “ Horoscopos (and) Mercury in Capricorn” instead of “Mercury [in Scorpio], Horoscopos in Capricorn’’] ; clima 6. The 36th year midway was critical. Of Gemini 27 (years) 6 months and of Venus 8 (years) makes 35 (years) 6 months. Of the sun 19 (years) [and of Sagittarius 35 (years) 6 months] makes 54 (years) 6 months, two-thirds of which makes 36 (years) 4 months. There the beneficent (stars) shared (in power). Fourth Version" (CCAG 2 p. 168,24 to p. 169,8) Sun, Mars (and) Venus in Sagittarius, moon in Libra, Saturn in [Gemini *], Jupiter in Virgo, Mercury in Scorpio, Horoscopos in Capricorn. In the 19th year the father died a violent death. For in this prognostica- tion the period of the sun (19 years) was effective through its being with Mars. For Mars with the sun indicates a bad death for the father. And they also cause injury to the eye and indicate danger. All this happened: his father died by violence in the 19th year and he himself was injured in the eyes and going abroad *From Ar = hat (Ag * Whose house is M. *A house of Jupiter. 5 Cf. Cumont, EA p. 159, note 3. ® Gemini is a house of Mercury whose period is 20. *From De planetis of an anonymous author who frequently quotes Vettius Valens. Cf. Commentary. ® Kroll here writes ‘ Aquarius(?).” Cf. the preceding versions. No) — Vo a == Tile 10 ES) had danger at sea. For the Ship Argo is in Sagittarius.® [After some further discussion:] But in the 20th year by divine providence he recovered his eyesight. For Venus was present with the sun (in #) and Jupiter (in MM) was in quartile aspect; and the 20 years were indicated by Virgo, because of its ruler Mercury, in which (sign, 1) Jupiter was in aspect to the sun. And besides Jupiter (indicated) 12 and Venus, in quartile, 8, and both portended eye injury. [Followed by addi- tional arguments. | COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 The date of this horoscope is 118 November 26 Text Computed mR FAO BL Saat ee Xs ee Fs Sw S lel about 8 a.m. For related horoscopes cf. for the first version No. L 83, for the second version No. L 74 XI and for the third version No. L102 XII 14 respectively. The subject is one of six survivors of a shipwreck in a.p. 155; cf. No. L 133. The same date, Hadrian 3 Athyr (III) 30 = 118 November 26, is quoted as an example ?? in IX,19 (p. 363, 5 ff.) giving for the sun m(!)7, for the moon Mm 30 as longitude, and as time the 4th hour of day, which is possible if the Horoscopos was near the end of Vs. The rising times quoted for clima 6 a3 — 27, S310) [ ag = 35 olU| disagree with both systems since System A System B ag = ig 6,40 ag = 25 40 dg == 92593,20 ay = 34;20. The fact that the fourth version with the three pre- ceding ones belongs obviously to Vettius Valens,!* though incorporated into the work of an anonymous, disproves Kroll’s hypothesis ** of an origin from the collection of horoscopes by Antigonus of Nicaea. ° Cf. Gundel, HT p. 202 and p. 217 f. *° Example No. 20 on p. 180. ™ The same holds for the preceding horoscope (No. L 122,XII, second version). * CCAG 2, p. 168 note 1. 116 No. L 120,II Vettius Valens II,30 (p. 101,22 to 33), 1V,11 (p. 174,8 to 15), V,9 (p. 223,1 to 33), and VII,5 (p. 287,1 to 10) TRANSLATION First Version (11,30, p. 101,22-33) The title of this section is “ on the predecease of the parents according to an example.’ The first paragraph describes a method for the prediction of an earlier death of father or mother on the basis of the relation between sun, moon, Saturn, and Venus. A short “alternate method” considers the “ Lots” of father and mother. Thereafter we read again: “ Alternate (method). Take the days from the rising of Sirius to the day of birth; divide the total by 12+ and count the remainder one by one beginning from the (longitude of the) moon. If it falls in a male sign the father will die earlier, if in a female, the mother. In the present ? nativity on Mekheir (VI) 13 there are 203 days * from Epiphi (XI) 25 ¢ to the 13th (of Mekheir). Subtract 16 times 12 and the remainder is 11. Counting this from the moon in ™ it fell in ™, a female sign. But Mars was there too. Therefore, the earlier death referred to the mother. {Alternate (method) }.° For example let the nativity be: Sun (and) Mercury in Aquarius, moon in Scorpio, Saturn in Cancer, Jupiter in Libra, Venus in Capricorn, Mars and Horoscopos in Virgo. . . .” ® Second Version (IV,11, p. 174,8-15 = CCAG 5,2 p. 88,27-34) [Following the enumeration of all positions as in the first version]: We investigate the year 35.” I subtracted twice twelve, which is 24, remainder 11. Then we count the 11 (signs) from whatever star to whatever star it overtakes. We then find the 11 signs from the Horo- 1 Literally: subtract multiples of 12. 2 Kroll remarks there “the scribe was asleep when he copied this from his source.” Actually, however, Kroll was asleep when he did not recognize that the example referred to follows right after the explanation. 3 Kroll complains that the computation mixes Alexandrian with Egyptian dates ; actually both dates use the Alexandrian calendar. “Kroll wrote 20, relegating the correct number 25, which is given by S, to the apparatus. Epiphi 25 (=July 19) as date of the rising of Sirius is also attested by Hephaestion XXIII (p. 91,31 Engelbrecht) and by the Demotic P. Cairo 31222 (cf. Hughes [1] p. 257b). July 20 is assumed in CCAG 6, p. 154,30 (Antiochus) and in the Geoponica (cf. Bidez-Cumont, Mages hellénisés, II p. 179,7). ° This heading should have been omitted. ° The final sentences give additional reasons for the earlier death of the mother. For the reason cf. the 4th version. ® The procedure is simply this: reduce the given number of years modulo 12. The resulting number (here 11) is then con- sidered as a number of signs and we look for all pairs of planets which are so many signs distant from each other. LITERARY SOURCES: (Nomi i120) scopos and Mars (in Mm) to Saturn in Cancer, and again from the moon (in MM) to Mars (in mp), and from Venus (in VS) to the moon (in ™). All these yieldings are effective in the 35th year... . Third Version (V,9 p. 223,1-33) [Same positions as before.* Then follows a count which begins:] “there will be from Mars and Horo- scopos (in TM) two (signs) to Jupiter (in =), and from Jupiter (in =) to the moon (in ™) two, and from Venus (in V3) to Mercury and sun (in 4) two. (Add) 2 to 4, to 6, to 8, to 10 together ” and this process is similarly continued for all distances up to 12 ending with the total 12 + 24+ 36+ 48 + 60. “ And one will find the number by addition as far as one wishes.” Fourth Version (VII,5, p. 287,1-10) [Same arrangement as in first and second version; followed by] “Clima 7. In the 35th year he had a critical period, because the period of Mars (in mp, the Horoscopos) was operative: 15 years and 20 for Virgo,’° makes 35; but also the 8 of Venus (in VS) and the rising time 27 of Capricorn makes 35. And again 30 for Saturn (in %5) opposite (to @) and 32;30 for Cancer and 8 of Venus makes 70 (years) and 6 months, the half of which makes 35 (years) 3 months. Besides also Jupiter (in =) and Saturn (in %) shared the period, for Libra 42 (years) 6 months, for Cancer 27 (years) 6 months makes 70, of which the half is 35.” COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 The positions given in these four versions lead to the date of 120 February 8: Text Computed mae Fore gk cee ats C mH i, R o5 iy (0) 2 Po See, 1))3) Q a) VS 25 é | ™m 22 H§ Mm about 7 P.M This result is confirmed by an example’? using the above configuration but now giving explicitly its date as Hadrian 4 Mekheir (VI) 13 which is the exact equivalent of 120 February 8.1 In V,7 (p. 215,30 to p. 216,6) we read: “For example let it be year 4 of Hadrian, Mekheir 13, first hour of night, to investigate (the situation) for ® But mentioning Mars before Venus. *° Virgo is a house of Mercury, whose period is 20. +1 Saturn is retrograde, entering I from Yo. +” This is No. 26 in the table on p. 180. *8 This can be seen, e.g., by using Schram’s tables. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L120,1I— No. L 120,1X the 20th year of Antoninus, Phaophi 10.%* They (the days from Mekheir 13 to Phaophi 10) are 243*° and make altogether 432.1° I subtract 360, remainder 72. These I count from the Horoscopos (in) Virgo; it falls in Leo? (Thus) the day (under investigation is) in apoklima (in Sv). The ruler (of S, the sun) was according to the nativity in opposition to the day (under investigation) for the sun at the time of birth was in Aquarius, and the one entering into (chronocratorship ) ** was Mars, and the moon in Capricorn was not in aspect.” All data agree with the previous versions, except the last, according to which the moon was in VS. But for the given date the moon was in mM and Venus was in V3. The same day, Mekheir (VI) 13 = 120 February 8 is quoted in three other examples.*® In I,5 (p. 20, 9 ff.) we are given the positions of sun and moon as “ 22 and Mm 7 respectively ; in 1,10 (p. 26,21 f.) the hour is given as the first hour of night; in 1,20 (p 36,15 ff.) the posi- tions of Venus and Mercury are computed according to an approximate method, leading to V9 16 and 25 respectively, whereas one should expect about v3 29 and ede. In the fourth version one can observe some confusion in the text. According to it we should have for the 7th(!) clima the rising times: a, = 32;30 or a, = 42 ;30 LOO a) aio Hi. The only correct figure is a19 = 27 for clima 7, System A. All the other numbers are taken from different places of the schemes of rising times: 32 30 = ay clima 1, System B 42 :30 = a; clima 6, System B 2/ 330 = aio clima 1, System B. It is difficult to see how these figures could get into the text. For related horoscopes of the fourth version cf. No. L 102,X1I,14 and especially No. L 133. *4 That is 156 October 7 or in the 36th year of the person in question. In the second and fourth version the 35th year is considered critical. *° Actually 242 only (at least for an ordinary year). ‘| hus one has to count both end points (or to assume a leap year). *° According to the rule which is stated at the beginning of this chapter (V,7) one has to multiply the number of years (in our case 36) by 54 and add the result (here 189) to the number of days (here 243 + 189 = 432). This is obviously equivalent to saying: determine the number of days between the two ex- tremal dates and reduce the result modulo 360. In this way the remainder for each year is 54 days. *7 Counting in the order of the signs, beginning with im? = 1, to 72, each unit representing one zodiacal sign, one ends in & because 72 = 0 mod. 12. 48 For the concept of éwéuBaois “enter into (chronocrator- ship)” see Vettius Valens IV,2 (p. 159,2), V1,4 (p. 251,8 ff.), and p. 182,15. +? Nos. 23 to 25 in the list on p. 180. 117 No. L 120,V Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,18 to 21 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Taurus, moon in Aries, Saturn in Cancer, Jupiter [in Libra], Mars in Virgo, Mercury in Gemini, Horoscopos in Sagittarius. In the 36th year he had disputes and (legal) affairs on account of his wife and hostility of friends. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 For 120 May 12 one finds complete agreement if one assumes omission of the position for Jupiter. Otherwise no plausible date can be assigned to this horoscope. Text Computed % 20 21 23 4 16 9 iS about 8 P.M. HS bso For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XIT,4. No. L 120,IX Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 290,6 to 14 TRANSLATION For example let sun, Jupiter (and) Mercury be in Libra, moon in Taurus, Saturn in Cancer, Mars in Sagittarius, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Scorpio, clima 2. This person in the course of the 40th year was con- demned to exile. The 40 years were indicated by the dominant aspect (quartile) of Saturn (in %s ) to Libra: 32 degrees of Cancer * and 8 of Libra,? making 40. And the diameter from moon (in 8) to Venus (in ™): of Taurus 25,° of Scorpio 15,4 making 40. Thus the forecast was effective by a female (person) and prospect of profit. And the approaching contact of the moon with Mars: ° of moon 25 and of Mars 15, making 40. * The rising timg of Cancer is as = 32° for clima 2, System A. * Libra is a house of Venus, whose period is 8. °The moon (period 25) is in &. * Scorpio is a house of Mars, whose period is 15. ° As is explained by Vettius Valens (p. 290,20) this means that the moon (8) is in contact with the diameter of Mars Ch 7): 118 LITERARY SOQURGES: COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 For 120 September 28 we have exe Computed 4 29 ies 18 19 0 11 about 8 A.M. oa wrtA MPO I? Mw bY SWLXP Pb Hs " For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. No. L 120,XII Vettius Valens VII,2 p. 267,28 to 268,4 TRANSLATION As for example: sun, moon (and) Mercury in Sagit- tarius, Saturn in Cancer, Jupiter (and) Horoscopos in Scorpio, Mars in Capricorn, Venus in Aquarius, Lot of Fortune in Scorpio;* second clima. In. the 33rd year he was exiled, for the rising time of the sign in which Saturn was (25), being in opposition to Mars, and the sextile position of the moon (in #) to Venus (in <<’) indicated [treachery] by a female person at 33 years.? And in the 27th year he was in danger because of Capricorn and in the 30th year and in the 40th year bodily illness of eyes and feet; for the period of Cancer (is) 25° and of Mars, in opposition (to %), 15. And until the 42nd year the period of Mars (15) and the rising time of Capricorn (27) were operative, in which there were many causes (of trouble). COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 21 The date of this horoscope is 120 December 8, six years later than the horoscope No. L 114,TX of an older brother. ext Computed x 16 A x 10 x 26 Ss PAS m 14 about 4 A.M. vs 25 oa oo TRartxca® RRS 4 * Sun and moon being in conjunction bring the Lot of Fortune in the same sign as the Horoscopos. °’ The rising time of [5 and 7# is in both cases 33, for clima 2 and System B. * The period of the moon because 925 is the house of the moon. No. L 120,1X— No. L 121 As rising times occur a 33 aio = 27 both correct for clima 2 and System B. This is in agree- ment with the fact that also No. 114,[X quotes a value from System B. Related horoscopes are listed with No. L 74,X1I. No. L 121 ‘ Vettius Valens V,1, p. 210,8 to 17 TRANSLATION For example let sun (and) Jupiter be in Scorpio, moon, Mercury, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Libra, Saturn in Leo, Mars in Capricorn. Both the maleficent (stars) were in sextile to sun and moon (respectively). If then the luminaries had happened to be without the company of beneficent (stars) it would have indicated confinement; but now the scheme was most promising and honorable. This man at 35 years happened to be a soldier, and he began among prisoners and in prison, and was loved by a woman in the prison through whom he got out of a troublesome accusation, and he made his way out and escaped the danger; and at the same time he captured and bound a runaway slave. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 A.D. 121 is the earliest date, within historical possi- bilities, such that Saturn is in Sv, Jupiter in M. These conditions are also satisfied in a.p. 180, 239, and 298 but in all three cases Mercury and Mars do not occupy the positions given in the text. For 121 October 27 one obtains Text Computed ©) Ties a m 29 ¢ = 8 oe eer ae = 30 fc) aa = 13 H about 4 A.M. b SU SU. mes 3} Vs m(!) 6 Thus we find good agreement except for Mars. Because for a horoscope from Vettius Valens the later dates are excluded (except, perhaps 180) one must assume that the position of Mars is mistakenly given as Capricorn, instead of Virgo, probably on the basis of a misreading of the two symbols, which look often very similar (cf. hepa): LITERARY “SOURCES: No. L 122,1,22-— No. L.122,;V1,12 No. L 122,1,22 Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,22 to 31 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Venus in Aquarius, moon (and) Jupiter in Sagittarius, Saturn in Leo, Mercury in Capricorn, Mars (and ) Horoscopos in Libra. In the 35th year he was in danger of being imprisoned for sedition and violence ; for the moon had sextile scheme to Mars and Mars itself having taken over from it (the moon) and handed over to Saturn. These successions caused hard- ship and disturbances. But Jupiter was strong, happening to be in company with the moon (in #) and taking over from sun and Venus (in .~”) the same year, which were located in the (5th) locus concerned with friend- ship. It (Jupiter) then happening to be in the (3rd) locus concerned with travel, portended travel, which was voluntary but risky, and help and cooperation of friends. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 One obtains perfect agreement for 122 January 22: Tem Computed 2 : bQemOuuksR oa) about 10 p.m. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,4. No. L 122,1,30 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 287,24 to 29 TRANSLATION Sun in Aquarius, moon in Aries, Saturn in Leo, Jupi- ter in Sagittarius, Mars in Libra, Venus (and) Mercury in Capricorn, Horoscopos in Pisces, clima 6. In the 33rd year he had a crisis. Of moon (in f ) 25 and of Libra 8* makes 33. And of Saturn (in $v) 30 and of sun (in &”) 19 makes 49, two-thirds of which is 32 (years) 8 months. And also the rising time of Sagittarius was operative, Jupiter being located there, that is 33.° * Because 35 = 11 mod. 12 all such pairs of zodiacal signs are investigated where the second sign is No. 11, counting the first one as No. 1. Such pairs form the configuration of Sextile. Now LalZ21,30; * Libra is a house of Venus whose period is 8. ° The rising time of Sagittarius is a» = 33 only in clima 7(!), System A, or in clima 2(!), System B. Exactly the same error occurs in No. L 162. 119 COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 For 122 January 30 one finds ext Computed ae 10) Wf Su O x bPwO3BR wy 22(1!) v3 Mics Pat A © 3 x about 8 A.M. Related horoscopes are listed with No. L102 XII 14 and particularly in No. L 133. No. L 122,V1,12 Vettius Valens VII,4 p. 275,12 to 27 TRANSLATION For example let sun (and) Mercury be in Gemini, moon in Aquarius, Saturn (and) Venus in Leo, Jupiter in Sagittarius, [Mars (and)]| Horoscopos in Libra, clima 1. Suppose we investigate the 42nd year. I took the rising time of Libra 38;20,' which is 38 years 4 months and again the equal number of months (1.e.) 38, which are 3 years 2 months, making altogether 41 years 6 months. In this year fleeing from battle and falling from his horse as the enemy approached, and many killed and he himself wounded, he was mixed up with the rest of the fallen and, thought to be dead, escaped the danger and remained in the enemy’s country until the 44th year, leading the campaign. Then I added to the previous years the 8 months of Venus on account of Libra ° and 15 months of Mars, located there. Besides, the diameter of Saturn (in $v) and moon (in .~) was operative at that time: rising time of Leo 35 (years)* and of Saturn 57 * months, and of Venus 8 months, and of moon 25 months and of Leo 19 months,® makes altogether 44 years 1 month. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 The data of the text are satisfied for 122 June 12: Text Computed Ol ne LD gi 7 m 17 Cw a 16 * Correct for clima 1, System A. ° Libra is the house of Venus. * Correct for clima 1, System A. 4 Saturn’s “maximum period.” 5 Leo, as the house of the sun, obtains the latter’s period. 120 Text Computed a oy one ale Doe re x 24 3) wy = 2) skies” about 2 P.M. The battle in question took place 41 years 6 months later, thus at the end of A.p. 163, or in the beginning of 164. This could be the campaign conducted by Avidius Cassius against the Parthians, which ended in 166, again in agreement with our horoscope.® No. L 122,V1,30 Vettius Valens VII,3 p. 274,4 to 13 = CCAG 5,2 p. 45,16 to 24 TRANSLATION The stars share with each other when favorably lo- cated and of (the same, diurnal) sect. As: sun (and) Mercury in Cancer, moon (and) Mars in Libra, Saturn (and) Venus in Leo, Jupiter in Sagittarius, Horoscopos in Capricorn, clima 6, the Lot of Fortune in Sagittarius.* Jupiter, ruler of this,? was located in the Lot (of For- tune). It allotted the rising time of Sagittarius, 33 years,® and its own period, 12 years, making 45 years. Saturn, being in trine to this (locus) allotted 57 months of its own period,* making (a total of) nearly 50 years; in this (year) he died. And if one reckons also the months of the rising of Leo, 38,° and of the sun 19 months, it will total the same number of months. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 For 122 June 30 one finds Text Computed Os % 6 oo eS 18 Cre = 17 i) j x = 26 a ul s8 oi Goe2k 2 x 22 } |; eee about sunset Gti, IIS, UW oll, ZR No. L 122,V1,30 * Cf. the Commentary. 2 A house of Jupiter is 77. ®> For Sagittarius a» = 33 holds only for clima 2(!) in System B, or clima 7(!) in System A. 4 The large period of Saturn. ° For Leo a; = 38 only for clima 5(!) (both Systems). LITERARY SOURCES) Now i227 ViIZ == Now LZ The Lot of Fortune is located in # whereas we obtain from An + (AC —AoS) = WS + 38 f~ or = and not #. The planetary positions exclude a change in the solar position by two signs; thus the positions of the moon and the Horoscopos (or both) are suspect. The moon’s association with Mars makes an emendation at this place very implausible. Thus the only correction possible is H in % or 1 which makes the hour about 10 p.m. or 10 a.m. without altering the planetary positions. The lunar positions would remain essentially the same (about = 19 or = 13 respectively). A confusion between the symbols of V3 and mT can easily happen (cf., e.g., No. L121 and fig. 1 p. 1). The other examples in this chapter, VII,3, are: p. 273,10-22 173° Hele 23-32 159 July 18 p. 273,33-p. 274,3 162: Febro 9 All were also published in CCAG 5,2 p. 44,26 to p. 45,24. No. L 122,XII Vettius Valens VII,2 p. 268,16 to 28 and CCAG 2, p. 168,4 to 23 TRANSLATION First Version (Vettius Valens VII,2) Sun, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius, moon in Cancer, Saturn in Leo, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars in Aquarius, Venus in Scorpio, Clima 2. In the 34th year, death of wife (because of) the 19 of Leo (place of ® ) and the 15 of Scorpio* (place of Venus) or of Mars itself (with period 15). Both the maleficent stars hemmed in Venus. And in the 36th year by reason of the death of his wife being supposedly plotted, he was to go on trial, accused at the royal (court), but he fled. For the 36 years are the rising time of Leo and like- wise of Scorpio, where Venus happened to be in inferior aspect * to Saturn. But the (next) period of time was to become more kindly in the 37th year, (because) of Jupiter (in V3) 12 and of moon (in 95), diametrically opposite, 25. Many other (facts) were significant for past and future but I have thought it necessary to set forth (only) those which I myself knew more exactly and which I happened upon. Second Version (CCAG 2 p. 168,4 ff.) Let the nativity be in clima 2. Sun, [| Mercury,] * (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius, moon in Cancer, Saturn in * Leo, the house of the sun, takes the period 19 of the sun and similarly Scorpio, a house of Mars, its period 15. * Quartile. * CCAG 2, p. 168,5 gives Taurus (confusion of symbols in the 14th century codex?) which is obviously wrong, if Venus is in Scorpio. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L:122,xX1T—No. L 123,] Leo, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars [in Aquarius],* Venus in Scorpio. In the 34th year there occured the death of his wife; for the quartile of Saturn (in Uv) and Venus (in Mm), Saturn in dominant aspect as in this case, brings troubles and griefs because of women. But the time was propitious ; for of Leo 19,1 in which (sign) Saturn was, and of Scorpio, where Venus (was), 15; 7 altogether 34. For the periods were taken from the stars ruling Leo (©) and Scorpio (4). But when (the periods were taken from) the rising times: in the 36th year he was about to be tried on accusation of having plotted his wife’s death, but he escaped; for Saturn in dominant aspect to Venus causes reverses and sorrows because of female persons. [After similar argu- ments]: and in the 37th year he enjoyed even greater kindness because of the diametrical aspect of moon (in %) and Jupiter (in V3): moon 25 and Jupiter 12; altogether 37. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 22 The date of this horoscope is 122 December 4 with the following positions: Text Computed xe 23 x 24 sunrise Seg 106s Ps A a © NY SRQOU g ay Venus is morning star in greatest elongation. The rising times a; = ag = 36 are correct for clima 2 in both systems. The first version belongs to a group of horoscopes of which No. L 74,X1 is the oldest one. The second version is preserved in an anonymous De Planetis. The horo- scope immediately following, No. L118, 1s preserved in several versions: in a second version in Vettius Valens VII,2, in the fourth version in De Planetis. No. L 123,1 Vettius Valens V,10 p. 231,5 to 31 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Jupiter in Capricorn, moon (and) Saturn in Leo, Mars in Pisces, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Scorpio, Mercury in Sagittarius. The responsible places * were Pisces and Scorpio, in Scorpio Venus, in Pisces Mars. He was a dancer and in his 25th year, he was * Omitted, cf. first version. No. L 123,I + Cf. for this concept Vettius Valens V,1. LA put in confinement in the course of a public riot but he was defended before the governor and released through the help of friends and the entreaty of the crowd and became more esteemed. For the paradosis of the year was from Saturn and moon (in $v) to Mars and the responsible place (3€), and from Jupiter and sun in v5) in the (3rd) locus, concerned with property, to Saturn and moon (in $v) in Midheaven and the (10th) locus of activity. And besides it indicates according to the division by 4 or that by 8 from Saturn and moon (in $L) to Venus and Horoscopos (in m) that there would be the riot and quarrelsomeness and _ rivalry through the affair, and (so does the paradosis) from Mercury to Mars and the responsible place. Therefore, all the stars were operative in the 2[5]th year. The na- tivity was precarious as regards loss of reputation and condemnation and danger of life. But Venus being found in the Horoscopos (mM) and in the responsible sign and Jupiter with the sun (in V9), it (the nativity) had the best imaginable outcome and was successful in action. For the Lot of Fortune was in Aries? and the ruler of the exaltation of the nativity (5v),* the sun, was found in Midheaven (V3) with respect to the Lot (of Fortune in ) and Mars (in 3€) with respect to the Daimon (X). Later, in the 32nd year he was deprived of honor and reputation and livelihood, and lived un- honored, because the Lot (of Fortune) happened to be in apoklima and Saturn being in Midheaven (in Sv) by sect * was in opposition to the (11th) locus of accom- plishment * in Aquarius, his own house. Wherefore he was to blame for his own fall, having become a braggart and pretender. For the ruler of the Daimon (x) and the place of intellect,* Mercury (in #), was in oppo- sition to itself, that is Gemini.” COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 We find as date of this horoscope 123 January 3: ext Computed WS WZ, V8 IC SL Ie gL Ue * 1 m 26 about 2 A.M. ree AE For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. ( | \ we Doa sALRO See AYE a °From Ar = x (A Ao) == iii) cies ==) he * For a night birth: & from the moon has the same distance Bis, Gl, ateoyaa, ISL == iM, “That is the actual M, not with respect to the Lot of For- tune (?) ° With reference to the Lot of Fortune (7). ° Cf. Vettius Valens I1,15 (p. 69, 15). “We observe here an interesting type of astrological argu- $22 No. L 123,VII Vettius Valens II,41 p. 128,31 to 37 TRANSLATION For example let sun, Mars, (and) Venus be in Cancer, Saturn (and) Mercury in Leo, Jupiter in Aquarius, the moon in Pisces, the Horoscopos in Scor- pio. The Lot of Fortune in Leo, the Locus of Death in Pisces; the moon was (also) there, and Saturn was at the Lot (of Fortune, in Leo, whose) ruler, the sun, was with Mars in Cancer, a wet sign. This person died in the bath, choked (to death) in water. Mars (in 25) was in opposition to the full moon (in Capricorn) and Saturn the ruler (of the full moon in Capricorn *), was turning away.” Therefore the violent death. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 This horoscope belongs to the same group as No. E.65,V. its datencaizsaialy 2: Text Computed © eS 3 25 Cay 5 fe) oR b SS is él Sine 2 ee ee 0) C Bra x 19 Fl mm, about 3 P.M. The Lot of Fortune fell in Sv only if the Horoscopos was located in the last third of mM (hence the hour was about 3 P.M.): Ap = dw +(AC — AG) = M254 8 11°=—=N6. The ordinary counting would lead to 95. The 8th sign from Leo is ¥, the Locus of Death. The nearest full moon, about 6 days earlier occurred in V3, whose ruler, Saturn in $v, was 5 signs away, thus not in aspect. No. L 124 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 280,34 to p. 281,20 TRANSLATION For example let sun (and) moon be in Leo, Saturn in Virgo, Jupiter in Pisces, Mars in Sagittarius, Venus in Gemini, Mercury in Cancer, Horoscopos in Libra, mentation: in spite of a strictly deterministic attitude the victim is given responsibility for his own downfall. This is reminiscent of “je me laisse surprendre par ce que j’ai prévu.” No. L 123,VII Cf. Vettius Valens p. 8, 25/26 and 32. * Capricorn is a house of Saturn. ®* Cf. Introduction p. 13. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L123,VII—No. L 124 clima 7. In the 37th year, on account of his wife, through whom he expected great profit, he had to stand a suit about inheritance and was worsted at the king's (court) ; however the time was not altogether injurious to him though (at the end) disappointing to his hope. The 37 years then were indicated by the triangular aspect of moon to Mars (in #), of moon 25, of Sagit- tarius 12,1 making 37. And (the triangular aspect) of Jupiter to Mercury: of Jupiter 12, of Cancer 25.2? In- vestigating as we have explained, we find the opposition of Mars and Venus thus operative for the 7th clima, as is also the side of the square of Saturn (in m™): for Gemini 27* and of Venus (in 3) 8, and of Virgo 20,* making 55, two-thirds of which is 36 (years) 8 months. And Pisces indicated the same (number).® But the male- ficent (stars) were powerful. Since Venus was ruler of the Lot (of Fortune) ,® he had won the same suit in the 35th year but the (case) being appealed he was worsted (later on, in the 37th year). For the 35 indi- cated good (luck): of the rising time of Pisces (2L ) 157 and for Gemini ( 2 ) 20; * and again of Gemini 27 * and of Venus 8, making 35; and again of Gemini 20* and of Mars 15, making 35; and again of Virgo (%) 20* and of Mars 15, making 35. Thus both the beneficent and the maleficent (stars) were operative, and according as they were in bicorporeal signs he will often be in need. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 For 124 July 29 one finds Text Computed © SLA X eh su 14 be Sy 2G) 2 € x 7 3 x x 26 Q IL ads 8 5 oS Zi H a about 10 a.m. For generally related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,14. The other part of the.story, derived from the horoscope of the wife, is found in No. L 134,VI: she was 10 years younger than her husband, but both were born in the 7th clima. The yearof the first law suit was a.p. 159, that of the appeal 161. * A house of Jupiter is 7 which thus allots its period, 12. ’ Cancer is the house of the moon whose period is 25. * For clima 7 we have a; = 27 in System A. * Virgo is a house of Mercury whose period is 20. ° Probably 20 for Mercury + 8 for Venus+ 12 for Jupiter (in 3€) + 15 for the rising time of % = 55. ° Because sun and moon are in the same sign Ar = H == and = is a house of Venus. "Correct for clima 7, System A. * Gemini is a house of Mercury whose period is 20. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 127,VI1I —No. L129 No. L 127,VII Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 287,17 to 23 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury (and) Venus in Cancer, moon in Aries, Jupiter (and) Horoscopos in Gemini, Saturn in Libra, Mars in Leo, clima 1. In the 27th (year) he had a crisis. Of the sun 19 and of Libra’? 8, making 27; further also of Gemini 28 (years) 4 months,’ and of Jupiter (in 3%) 12, making 40 (years) 4 months, two- thirds of which is approximately 27.8 And again of Leo 19* and of Cancer 31 (years) 8 months,® of Saturn 30 making 80 (years) 8 months, the third of which is approximately 27. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 For the date one obtains 127 July 18 from Text Computed © oonZ25 3 5 S527 2 i INS) C oP 9p 2 2) me Eg m about 4 A.M. b —— is $ Su Gu a9 For related horoscopes cf. No. L133 and No. L102, pee 14: No. L 127,XI Vettius Valens III,10 p. 147,23 to 30 TRANSLATION Sun in Sagittarius 12;16, moon in Sagittarius 17 ;24, Saturn in Libra 11;33, Jupiter in Gemini 19;11, Mars in Scorpio 4;20, Venus in Libra 26, Mercury in Scorpio 27, Horoscopos in Libra 20. I took (the distance) from the degree of conjunction to that of the moon; it makes 5.1 These (counted) from the Horoscopos, it fell in Libra 25. The start (was) from there to the 5 degrees of Mars in Scorpio. He died in the 12th year. + Libra is a house of Venus whose period is 8. ° The rising time of J{ is a3 = 28;20 in clima 1, System A. * Text (or misprint?) 47. *'The sun’s period, and §\ is the solar house. ° The rising time of [o is as = 31340 in clima 1, System A. ° According to the Stobart tables (Neugebauer [4] p. 227) Mercury would leave 25 on July 23: Stobart table E obv. III,5 Hadrian 11 month 11 day 29 = 127 July 23, % entering 2%. No. L 127,XI + This is obviously a correct estimate since the moon in #1 17 ;24 is only 5;8° distant from the sun in 7412;16 or less than one half of the moon’s daily motion. Thus the conjunction happened close to #12 or 5° before #17. 123 If this encounter (with Mars) had not occurred he would have lived the years of Venus, 84. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 For 127 November 23 one obtains Text Computed Text—comp. © x 12:16 moO + [2] C el ee x 19 — 1;30 b = 11533 = 14 — 2;30 aL mw 19-11 ieee? —3 oom i 3420 Tio + 0;30 e = 26 = 22 +4 8 fil, “27 Ae 62) H = 20 about 3 a.m. Probably one has to emend the number for the longitude of the sun by deleting the initial ,. = 10. The deviations for the moon, Saturn, and Jupiter are numerically small but do not show the expected sign. This is still worse for Mercury. Yet there is no other date possible within historically admissible limits. The immediately preceding example is No. L 114,V. No. L 129 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 283,3 to 13 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Capricorn, moon, Mars (and) Horoscopos in Taurus, Saturn in Scorpio, Jupiter in Cancer, Venus in Pisces, clima 6. In the 35th year he escaped from slavery and committed many thefts, and though undetected for a short time was caught in the same year. For both diameters (V3 — % and m — ¥ ) were operative; they added up to 60! the half of which is 30; of Capricorn 28 * and of Mercury (in V9) 20 and of Jupiter (in %) 12 making 60, the half of which is 30. And of Saturn (in ™) 30 and of Mars (in & yee be two-thirds of which is 30. And of Cancer 252 and of Jupiter (in %) 12 and of Venus (in %) in trine 8 making 45, two-thirds of which is 30. It was fated then that, because of the beneficent (stars), he escaped danger | for a short time and made himself comfortable with the thefts but fell because of the maleficent (stars). COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 23 The date of this horoscope is 129 January 16: Text Computed Oye vs 26 cane ved *For all climata and for all systems the rising times of [5 and V$ and of 8 and m total 60°. * Only for clima 2(!), System A, a1 = 28. * Cancer is the house of the moon whose period is 25, Computed C 6 ll re) fe) & 104 H about 2 P.M. b an, 29( 1)5 2 Ss Q % 7 For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,14. According to the Stobart tables ° Venus seems to be in <” from Hadrian 13 month 4 day 8 (= 128 December 4) to month 8 day 10% (—129 April 5). Actually, however, two lines were omitted which one may restore approximately as follows: > (167 3. e279 January 11) /\ ) 2 iO epruary 20): No. L 132 Vettius Valens VI,5' p. 253,6 to p. 254,8 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 119,16 to p. 120,27) TRANSLATION Let us take as an example a nativity, so that we may explain the procedure more briefly. The moon in Pisces 18 degrees, Venus in Aries, Jupiter in Libra, Saturn (and) Horoscopos in Sagittarius, Mars in the begin- ning of Aquarius, sun in Aquarius,” Mercury in Pisces ; for in this way they are arranged one after the other.* We investigate 52 years and of the 53rd (up to) Payni (X) 15. Since in this division days are treated [like degrees and hence] the (complete) circles as 360 days, but the years from birth as 3654, I took for the full years 52 times 54, it makes 273 (days). And from Mekheir (VI) 124 to Payni (X) 15 makes 124 (days) ;° altogether it makes 397 days. I subtracted one circle (of) 360, remainder 37 days. Then, as the nativity was nocturnal, the moon was chosen to be the starter of the periods (of life), and it was in Lower Midheaven, in a 4 Neugebauer [4] p. 227 column V line 10 restores incorrectly month 5 instead of month 6. The correct date for the entry of Mars into YW is therefore Hadrian 13 month 6 day 11 =129 February 5. 5 Stobart tablet E obv. V,3 gives for the entry of Saturn into ™m, the date Hadrian 13 month [5] day 11 = 129 January 6. ° Neugebauer [4] p. 227. “Tablet E obv. V,19/20. No. L132 1 Called VI,6 in CCAG 5,2 p. 1188; cf. also CCAG 5,2 p. 8. 2 The text has the opposite arrangement: “ Mars in Aquarius, the sun in the beginning of Aquarius.” Our emendation is re- quired by the order of enumeration by increasing longitude, and confirmed by computation. 5 Following increasing longitude, beginning with the moon as “starter”? because of night birth; cf. p. 252,2 f. * This is the day of the horoscope, February 7; cf. the com- mentary. ° Both ends included. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L129— No. L132 female sign, in a triangle of (a star of) the same sect ° and in its own (domain). It (the moon) first took 10 years 9 months” of the stated years, then, in direct order, Venus in Aries 10 years 9 months [and similarly Jupiter and Saturn, totalling so far 4 cycles or 43 years. The addition of one more cycle of 10 years 9 months for Mars would exceed the given total of 52 years 4 months 2 days. Consequently, beginning with Mars, the single periods are now added up in the order of the horoscope, counted as months: Mars 15, sun 19, Mer- cury 20, moon 25, Venus 8, Jupiter 12. This brings us to a total of 51 years 3 months. The addition of the next period, 30 months for Saturn, would again exceed the given total. The remaining 667 days* are now divided in cycles of 10-12 + 9 = 129 days, beginning with Saturn. After four such cycles we reach a re- mainder of 22 days for Venus. Then again the single periods, but counted as days: Venus 8, Jupiter 12, to be followed by a remainder of 2 days for Saturn. This brings the procedure to a close. The rest is devoted to explanations of events in the life of this person, corre- sponding to the passing of rulership according to the above-mentioned cycles. | COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 The data of the horoscope are excellently satisfied by the positions found for 132 February 7: Text Computed Text—comp. C * 18 * 16 +2 2 ap aa mM ~ Le V7 b) x 2 H\ a about 2 A.M 8 [beg. of] we ae? —3 © ee ae a 3 x % 370 The text discusses an interval which begins with Mekheir (VI) 12. Though not explicitly stated it seems natural to consider this as the day of birth. Indeed (a.p. 132) February 7 = Mekheir 12. The date of investigation, Payni (X) 15, 52 years later, is 184 June 9. ° The triangle } 256 M is ruled by Venus and moon, both of which are of nocturnal sect. “This is the total 129 of all planetary periods, counted as AMOS, IC), iD Il. * To complete the 52nd “year” (of 360 days each) one needs 270 days to which the previously computed correction of 397 days is to be added. Result: 667 days. ®’ The Stobart tables give for the entry of Mars into *% the date Hadrian 16 month 6 day 4 = 132 January 30. (Neugebauer [4] p. 228, E rev. IV,20). Stobart E rev. V,14 gives month 6 day 8 = February 3 as date of entry of Mercury into X. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 133—No. L 134,XI No. L133 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 287,30 to p. 288,3 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury, Venus (and) moon in Taurus, Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Scorpio, Mars in Leo, Horo- scopos in Pisces, clima 2. In the 22nd year he had a crisis: of Leo 19+ and of moon 25, making 44, half of which is 22. In addition, 36 of Scorpio® and 8 of Taurus ? are 44, the half of which is 2[2]. These six men on a voyage, with many others, en- countered a violent storm and, the rudder being lost, were in danger of death by drowning as the ship took in water. But by the draught of the blowing wind and the steersman’s management of the sails they escaped ; and they encountered other dangers at the same time from a roving pirate (ship). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 This is the last of a series of six horoscopes of six men whose common fate in the year 154 is under in- vestigation. This date results from adding the latest quoted year to the date of the horoscope 114 (July 26) + 40th year = 153/154 120 (Feb. 8) + 35th year = 154/155 118 (Nov. 26) + middle of 36th year = 154 127 (July 18) + 27th year = 153/154 122 (Jan. 30) + 32 years 8 months = 154 133 (Apr. 24) + 22nd year = 154/155. The data of the last horoscope are Text Computed ©) Siu 4 3 % 18 alin © 3 19 C ILA b x x 13 Za it m 28 $ &u Gl. 10 Ei” >< about 2 A.M. For other related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. No. L 134,V1I Vettius Valens VII,5 p .281,24 to p. 282,2 TRANSLATION And the nativity of the wife (of the owner of the +The period of the sun, whose house is Leo. * The rising time as for clima 2 in both systems. ® A house of Venus, whose period is 8. 125 preceding horoscope’) defeated (at court) was this: {Another :} ? sun in Cancer; moon, Saturn (and) Jupi- ter in Sagittarius; Mars, Venus (and) Mercury in Gemini, Horoscopos in Capricorn, clima 7. In the 25th year she was destined to have the best of the affair. For the moon, being with Jupiter and Saturn (in #) indicated the 25 and likewise the sun in Cancer indicated the 25.3 But the other stars were operative by associa- tion and opposition. Namely of Saturn 30 years and of Mercury at diameter (in 1%) 20 make 50, the half of which is 25. And again of Saturn 30 and of Mercury 20 and of the moon 25 make 75, the third of which is 25. Afterwards the affair came to reversal and then being appealed in the 27th year the verdict was adverse. For operative was the rising time of Gemini (= 27 *) where the Lot (of Fortune was*) with Mars and Mer- cury in it. And besides, of the moon (in #) 25 and of Mars (in 1) at diameter 15 make 40, of which two- thirds is 26 (years) 8 months. Here too® the stars happened to be in bicorporeal signs (1 and #). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 This horoscope is 10 years later than the horoscope of the husband (No. L124) who was involved in the same law suit. For 134 June 23 we have Text Computed © o5 os @ C x 25 R x Ge | # 28 3} m © | 5 oe fe) x 16 H vs sunset For other related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1II,14. No. L 134,XI Vettius Valens V,10, p. 227,27 to p. 228,14 TRANSLATION And we will explain nativities by way of example for the quick understanding of those approaching the theory. As: sun, moon, Venus, Mercury (and) Horoscopos in Scorpio, Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars in Leo. In the 20th year the paradosis (takes place) from Jupiter in Capricorn to Mars in Leo via *No. L 124. * The word “another ” is customary in these series of examples and was added also here, out of context. * Cancer is the house of the moon. “Correct for clima 7, System A. °From Ar = )\u + (A — ay) = +5°*=mrT. ° Cf. No. L124 at the end. 126 8 (signs).? Hence Jupiter gave over to Mars from the 3rd to the 10th sign (counted from H), that is to Mid- heaven. A petition for honor to the king’s (court) was made but did not succeed for Jupiter giving over to Mars was grievous. Strong is also the distribution by 4, that is from Mars (in $v) to sun and moon and Horoscopos and Mercury and Venus (in mM). He was ill then in the 20th year and fell from an animal and was dragged so as almost to lose his eyesight. And fault and deception and penalty had to do with a female person, so that each of the stars had its own effect taking over from maleficent stars. And in the 23rd year Jupiter (in V3), in the locus of the king—for the third and the ninth locus from the Horoscopos indicate god and king—giving over to the luminaries and Venus and Horoscopos and Mercury (in m *) provided by way of gifts a powerful colleague. Thus nothing is able to make a man possessed of the friendship of kings and great men if the periods (of life) work against it. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 The date of this horoscope is 134 November 4: Text Computed © rin ea C im, We Q m ie 24 8 mei H sunrise DR m x 22 2 V3 veil 3 SU Sy 40) For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. No. L 135,1 Vettius Valens II,14 p. 156,14 to 19 TRANSLATION Sun in Aquarius, moon (and) Horoscopos in Virgo, likewise also Mars; Saturn, Jupiter (and) Mercury in Capricorn, Venus in Pisces, the Lot of Fortune in Aquarius? in apoklima. The ruler ( 7) in (VS, the 5th locus) Agathos Daimon * according to division (of + Because 20 = 8 mod. 12 one has to look for a pair of planets which are in the lst and 8th signs respectively, counting in the direction of the signs. ° Because 23 = 11 mod. 12, and M is 11 signs ahead from Y3, the place of Jupiter. No. 1135/1 *From Ar = An — (Ag — Ao) =n -+ 5? = x. “A house of bis 7. * Error for Agathe Tyche (cf. also the preceding horoscope, No. L 75, which committed the same error). LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 134,XI— No. L135,X periods) allotted its own 30 years and the same number of months, being in its own sign.* And Jupiter being with it in this (sign) had one year;* he died in the 34th year.® COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 The date, 135 January 20, is found from Text Computed Cy) Ear ees i) C ) mp 12 Hitt about 8 P.M. 3 | m 10 R VSmee ur V3 vs 18 8 VSO f°) 3g Se 2OURS The preceding example is No. L 75. No. L 135,X Vettius Valens V,10 p. 229,6 to 12 TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury in Scorpio, moon (and) Mars in Sagittarius, Saturn in Capricorn, Jupiter in Aquarius, Venus in Virgo, Horoscopos in Taurus. As in the pre- ceding nativity + the son of the person was indicated in the interpretation, so from the present division (of periods) he reached the 22nd year (in agreement) with the father’s (horoscope).? For Jupiter handed over to the sun, which indicates the father, and the handing over from Mars in (/# the 8th) Locus of Death to Venus was the cause of death. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 24 For 135 October 27 one finds Text Computed ( ) ( j oP TEBAA CWO SkRgaYMNSS on oS Bag NM H about sunset “Its house V3. ° The period of Jupiter is 12 (years), counted here for 12 months. ® 30 years + 30 months + 12 months = 332 years. Noy EM355x% * The horoscope No. L107 (cf. p. 103). ? Cf. Commentary. LITERAKY SOURCES: The father’s horoscope has the date a.p. 107 May 8, a date which falls in the year Augustus 137. The son’s horoscope, A.D. 135 Oct. 27, falls in the year Augustus 166; the 22nd year of the son is therefore Augustus 188 which equals the 51st year of the father. This is indeed the year in which the “ death of a child” is reported in the father’s horoscope (No. L 107). For other horoscopes in the same chapter cf. No. L 102,X1I,4. No. L 142 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 288,20 to p. 289,33 TRANSLATION For example let sun, Saturn (and) Mercury be in Aries, moon (and) Jupiter in Leo, Mars in Taurus, Venus in Aquarius, Horoscopos in Virgo, clima 1. In the 18th year he went abroad with a distinguished woman because of friendship and esteem and for further intimacy and erotic passion. For 25 years* were indi- cated by the rising time of Aquarius ? where Venus was. And if it (Venus) alone had been operative, it would have effected success quickly. But now Mars (in & ) also ruled the 25 because of the rising time of Taurus,” and the period of the moon (in $uU*) also carried the 25, two-thirds of which is 16 (years) 8 months. If then the other aspects of the beneficent (stars) after the time mentioned had agreed, the hope would have been realized, but now the same (stars) were in power, for in the 18th year the female person died and he himself failing of his hope returned home with little profit. For Jupiter (in SU) had allotted 12 and Mars (in 8 ) in dominant aspect (quartile) to it 15, making 27 two-thirds of which is 18 years. Besides, of Leo 19* and Taurus 8* make 27, two-thirds of which is 18. In the 19th year he got help and gain but he had dis- agreements and mental troubles and enmities with rela- tives. For the 19 was indicated by Leo * with Jupiter and moon there, and besides, the sun itself being with Saturn in Aries indicated the 19.6 And again of Aqua- rius 307 and of Venus (in “”) 8 the half of which is 19. And in the 20th year because of a woman’s friendship he went abroad and looked forward to greater hopes and profits but then was disappointed because she died. For Mars indicated 15 and moon 25, making 40, half of which is 20. And besides, the rising time of Taurus 25 ° 1 This is a preliminary prediction; the last actual information in this horoscope concerns the 21st year. The upper limit for data in this chapter is a.p. 164/5; in our case we have 142 + 21 = 163. Cf. also note 9. 2 Correct for clima 1 in both systems. 8’ Thus in opposition to @ in ~. 4Teo is the house of the sun whose period is 19. 5 Taurus is a house of Venus whose period is 8. ® The period of the sun. 7 Aquarius is a house of Saturn whose period is 30. No. L135,X — No. L 142 127 and of Leo 352 make 60, the third of which is 20. And also Mercury in Aries with Saturn indicated the 20. Likewise in the 21st year the same (stars) prevailed. Of Leo 19 * and of Taurus 8,° of Mars (in & ) 15 make 42, the half of which is 21. And the rising time of Aries 21 (years) 8 months * and of Mercury (in Y ) 20, make 41 (years) 8 months the half of which is 20 years 10 months. And in the 22nd year likewise the same (stars) pre- vailed. Of Leo 19* and of Taurus 25? make 44 the half of which is 22. The 23rd year Venus and Mars: Venus 8 Mars 15, make 23. Thus many times by broad and complete observations the stars seeming to be in favorable configurations are indications of opposite things, being counteracted by the power of the period.® For instance the 21st year was indicated by Leo 19* and of Jupiter, located there, 12, (making 31) two-thirds of which is 20 (years) 8 months. Besides, the triangle (aspect) of Jupiter (in 6v, period 12) and sun (in ¥, period 19) indicated the same (31 = 12+ 19). Thus he had friendship with a promi- nent and royal person from whom he expected the right to wear the wreath and archpriesthood. And this would undoubtedly have happened if Mars had not been in dominant aspect and operative. And also Saturn being (in ) with the stars (© and 8 ) that provide a gift, inquiries and delays and expenditures and jealousies attended (him) ; and the obstacle to his expectation was not so much the triangle, which was that of Jupiter (SL # £), as Mars (in ¥ ) being in dominant aspect by sect.*° Thus climacteric was illness and bloodshed and frustration of expectation, treachery of slaves, attacks, injuries, wants. Then later this person fared well and with an upward trend for the following period he was transferred to the influence simultaneously of the beneficent and maleficent (stars). There will be troubles, great expenses, or there will be independence resulting from preceding affairs or from some other income and the assistance of friends." COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 The date of birth of this enterprising young man was 142 March 25: * For clima 1 and System A we have correctly a1 = 21;40°. ® This seems to be the introduction to a renewed investigation of this horoscope whose first discussion included events of the 18th and the 19th year with a general outlook until the year 23. Now we are told about events in the year 21 and probably shortly after, bringing us right up to the limit 142 + 22/23 = 164/5 of this chapter. *° The nocturnal Mars is in the nocturnal sign W, the diurnal Jupiter in the diurnal sign Q). ** This is one of the rare cases of a prediction for the future. 128 Computed =. os oe tO 8 S about 4 P.M. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. No. L 152 Vettius Valens IV,10, p. 170,15 to p. 171,3 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 85,17 to 40) TRANSLATION As for example, let sun (and) Mercury be in Capri- corn, Saturn (and) Jupiter in Leo, Mars (and) Venus in Aquarius, moon in Gemini, Horoscopos in Leo, the Lot of Fortune in Pisces,t that of Daimon in Capricorn. Let the start be the (Lot of) Fortune in Pisces. To investigate Mesore 16 of the fourth year * including the additional 5 (days) of each year. Since for Pisces (the 12th sign) the division by 12 leaves no remainder,* I gave to it 1 year,* then to Aries 1 year 3 months,® to Taurus 8 months,® making (a total of) 2 years 11 months. Then next it will give to Mercury 1 year 8 months’ up to the completion of four years and 7 months,® but the nativity has not completed this period.® So let Mercury be chronocrator, having already 8 months and 15 days, making 255 days.’° [This total is now distributed among the planets. ] + From Ar = \n — (AQ — Ad) =O 4+77*=x. ’ Since the date of the horoscope is 152 December 27, the fourth year, Mesore (XII) 16 corresponds to 156 August 11. * This must be the meaning of the text which allows no literal translation. * Because 1 year = 12 months and ¥ being a house of Jupiter, is represented by 12, the period of Jupiter. °Or 15 months, because ? is a house of Mars whose period ig 115). ° The period of Venus since & is a house of Venus. "Or 20 months, 20 being the period of Mercury whose house {See ®*The date of the horoscope is the night of December 27 = Choiak 30 (IV)/Tybi (V) 1. From Tybi to Mesore (XII) are 7 months. On the other hand 2y. 11m. + ly. 8m. = 4y. 7m. ® Mesore (XII) of the 4th year is only 3 years 7 months later than Tybi (V) of the Ist year. *°FBrom Tybi (V) 1 to Mesore (XII) 16 elapsed 7 months 15 days = 225 days. The 8 months 15 days =255 days of the text are probably an error caused by having quoted the date of the horoscope in the form “Choiak (IV) 30 to Tybi (V) 1” and then erroneously counting the 8 months from Choiak to Mesore. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 142—No. L158 COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 Complete agreement is reached for 152 December 27: Text Computed ©} vs 6 eae st v3 17 b | SwEZ5 2G es 4 oula ont we 14 oa posal C IK m 14 lel Gla about 8 P.M. No. L 153 Vettius Valens V,10 p. 230,11-13 TRANSLATION Sun and Mars in Taurus, moon and Horoscopos in Aries, Saturn in Leo, Jupiter in Cancer, Venus in Pisces, Mercury in Gemini. In the 4th year death of the father occurred. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 For 153 May 8 one obtains Text Computed SHG about 4 a.m. Su 18 o5 29 x 30 m 19 For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,XII,4. wo i Ss No. L 158 Vettius Valens VII,5 p. 284,12 to p. 285,3 TRANSLATION Sun, Mercury (and) Venus in Leo, moon in Virgo, Saturn in Libra, Jupiter in Capricorn, Mars in Aries, Horoscopos in Cancer, clima 6. I interpreted from in- vestigation also these periods and since it was an infant I counted months instead of years. For at the end of the 8th month and during part of the 9th he was subject to convulsions lacking little of being dangerous. Libra indicated the 8th * (month), Saturn being located there ; and in the middle of the 9th (month) the rising time of Aries 17? (indicated) up to the completion of 8 months + Libra is a house of Venus whose period is 8. * Correct for clima 6 and System B. DIP BRARY SOURCES: and 15 days. The rising time of Capricorn was also operative thus: of the 27 * the third is 9, and of the sun 19 and of Venus 8 make 27, the third of which is 9. And there were indications for the other months being controlled by the maleficent (stars) and he was afflicted by eruptions and eczema, namely in the 15th and 17th and 23rd (month) and in the rest, but especially about the 27th month. And supposedly(?) he fell into an animal snare(?) and was struck in parts of the body(?). The 27th was indicated by Mars (in Y ) and moon (in m), of Mars 15 and of moon 25 make 40, two-thirds of which is 26 (months) 20 days; I reckon with Aries and Virgo at diameter, because (the moon) was moving toward it. And besides, of Mars 15 and of Horoscopos, Cancer, 25 * are 40, two-thirds of which is 26 (months) 20 days. And also then the rising time of Capricorn was operative, the 27,3 and of Mars 15 and of Jupiter 12 are 27. And again, of the sun 19* and of Venus 8 make 27. Then from the 28th month he lived precariously, for the rising time of Libra and the period of Saturn (in =) coincided.© And in the 32nd month he was dan- gerously ill and was in convulsions ; for of Mars 15 and of the rising time of Aries 17? are 32. And in the 33rd month he died, for the rising time of Cancer’ (H) effected it; and besides of Cancer (H) 25 * and of Libra (»%) 82 are 33, or of moon (in 1) 25 and of Libra * 8 are 33. Thus I reckoned as if it (the moon) were also in Libra (which is permissible) because of the equality of rising times (of Mand =). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 The victim of this horoscope was born 158 August 14: text Computed Su 20 SU SU ™ a ys 4 ap KG) about 4 A.M. Ta PpPwaatam© Hs2abes The death of the child occurred in May 161. The upper limit of records utilized in this chapter is a.p. 164/5. For related horoscopes cf. No. L 102,X1I,14. ® Capricorn has the rising time a= 27 only for clima 7(!) in System B or for clima 2(!) and System A. 4Cancer is the house of the moon whose period is 25. 5 Text (misprint ?) 12. ° Libra has in clima 7(!) and for System B a rising time of az = 43;30 which is numerically equal to the “mean period” of Saturn (cf. p. 11). ™ Cancer has the rising time as = 33 in clima 7(!) System A or clima 2(!) System B. 5 Because the moon was approaching =. IN@, IL ISS — Wo, 1h, IG No. L 159 Vettius Valens VII,3 p. 273,23 to 29 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 44,38 to p. 45,7) 129 TRANSLATION Sun, Venus (and) Mercury in Cancer, moon in Capri- corn, Saturn in Scorpio, Jupiter in Aquarius, Mars in Leo, Horoscopos in Taurus, the Lot of Fortune in scorpio,’ the ruler (of it,? 6) in Leo. The ruler (©) of this (SU)* in Cancer exceeded * the hours and days of the stars and signs; for this (reason) then, in the third place (from the Horoscopos), I counted the months of Mars 66 months and 15 (months)® and of the sun in Cancer 25 months,° making 106 months which is 8 years 10 months. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 For 159 July 18 one -finds Text Computed © LAS ‘| 25 ay to} Se ( Vs vs 20 b m =e (|) ae ee a Alte) $ SU ue WZ, H 8 about 2 a.m. Related horoscopes are listed in No. L 122,V1,30. No. L 162 Vettius Valens VII,3 p. 273,33 to p. 274,3 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 45,8 to 15) TRANSLATION Sun (and) Mercury. in Aquarius, moon in Taurus, Saturn in Sagittarius, Jupiter in Aries, Mars in Capri- corn, Venus (and) Horoscopos in Pisces, clima 6. Lot of Fortune in Gemini.t I took 76 months of Mercury * and, since Mercury is in Aquarius, I took the rising time of Aquarius, 23° months and, Saturn being in *From Ar =u (A Ao) =95—6=M. * Scorpio is a house of Mars, which is therefore its ruler. ° Leo is the house of the sun. *The sun (in 25) is beyond the side of the square (from MT to Se ° These are the extremal periods assigned to Mars. ° Cancer is the house of the moon whose period is 25. No. L 162 +From Ar = Ag+ (Aq Ao) = }—9= 7. ° The maximum period of Mercury is 76 years. * Aquarius has the rising time au = 23 for clima 4(!) in System A and B. 130 Sagittarius, of Sagittarius 33* months. They make altogether 132 months which is 11 years. He died at that age. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 25 The date of this horoscope, 162 February 9, is found from Text Computed 20 7 2 9 26 25 8 about 8 A.M. ( a j Toa pwsac® K ZF3BN& KZzANaARR aya For the three other horoscopes in this chapter see No. ZZ VieS 0. No. L173 Vettius Valens VII,3 p. 273,10 to 23 (= CCAG 5,2 p. 44,26 to 37) TRANSLATION For example let sun (and) Venus be in Aquarius, moon (and) Jupiter at the beginning of Aries, Saturn in Aries, Mars in Sagittarius, Mercury in Capricorn, Horoscopos in Scorpio, Lot of Fortune in Libra,’ clima 6. The apportioning (stars) were: Venus because of Libra,? Saturn because Venus was in Aquarius,? Mars because Saturn was in Aries.* Then I reckoned with respect to periods and to rising times: first hours, then days, then months. Thus: I took for Libra 8 days and 8 hours ® and again for the rising time of Libra, clima 6, [4]3 hours,® and, since Venus is in Aquarius,* I took for Saturn 57 hours” and again since Saturn is in Aries,* I took for Mars 15 hours, summing up to 8 days and 123 hours, which are 5 days 3 hours, making altogether 13 days 3 hours. He died 13 days 3 hours (old). “Sagittarius has the rising time a = 33 for clima 7(!) in System A or for clima 2(!) in System B. The same error occurs also in No. L.122,1,30. Cf. also No. L173 note 7. No. L173 *From Ar =)a— (Ag —Ao) = ™M—slightly less than 11° ==. Note that the moon’s position is at the beginning of Aries. * A house of 9 where the Lot of Fortune is located. * A house of Saturn. * A house of Mars. ° Libra as a house of Venus is represented by its period 8. ° Following System B. "That is 30 for the period and 27 for Capricorn which is a house of Saturn. The rising time of Capricorn is ai—=27 in clima 7(!) System A and in clima 2(!) System B. Cf. for a similar error, also for clima 6, No. L162 and No. L 122,130. LITERARY SOURCES: NO. L 162 —No. L 188 COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 For 173 February 3 we find: ext Computed 13 13 3 1 10 7 24 about midnight The child died 173 February 17. In the same year died, 11 years old, the owner of another horoscope recorded in this chapter (No. L162) which thus is one of the latest sections in the whole work. Cf. also No. 149 and Noy 1122, 91530; : \ beginning of ~ Ty io 3 P A 10 © BSxw3233h88 SEgx3 No. L 188 Vettius Valens II,26 (p. 93,13 to 20) * TRANSLATION As an example let the sun, the moon, Jupiter, (and) Mercury be in Leo, Saturn (and) Horoscopos? in Libra, Mars in Aquarius, Venus in Cancer;* such a person (will be) fortunate, a leader, despotic, possessed of royal fortune, and established in great property. For the Lot of Fortune and the Daimon and the Basis fell in the same (sign =) and the ruler of these, Venus, was in Midheaven in Cancer, and the rulers (2£ and ©) of the triangle (of the sun, & # Y) and of the exaltation (x, ruler %) were found to be in Agathos Daimon (sU)* in the (11th) Locus ® of accomplishment (Sv). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 This is the first in a group of four examples (cf. No. L 78). For this text one finds the date 188 August 10, which is the latest date of a horoscope in Vettius Valens. i=l o 4 all Computed 17 15 3 6(!) 27 10 a.m. 4 6 I ot abou Oo Tv aLra® eS Sa ees) O b eQl2 b1 & bq & * The three first lines also in CCAG 2, p. 120,41-121,1. * Kroll, p. 93,14 gives wpooxdmos, CCAG 2 p. 120,41 wpockorar. * Kroll p. 93,14 (supported by line 18) gives xapxivw. CCAG , p. 120,42 wrongly ddv0uors. * The 11th locus from the Horoscopos (=). ° The 11th locus from the Lot of Fortune (=). i) LITERARY SOURCES: No. L188—No. L 380 Mercury which is approaching inferior conjunction would be in Leo if one disregards the anomaly. Because sun and moon are practically in conjunction we have for the Lots of Fortune and of Daimon the same longitude as for the Horoscopos, that is Libra, the house of Venus. Because these two Lots coincide, the “ Basis” also falls in the same sign (cf. p. 9). The “ exaltation ”’ (of the nativity, cf. p. 7) falls in 2, a house of Mercury. No. L 380 CCAG 8,1 p. 146,3 to 20 and CCAG 8,2 p. 58,3 to 14, p. 67,34 to p. 68,31 TRANSLATION First Version (CCAG 8,1 and Engelbrecht, Heph., p. 22 f.) From Hephaestion II,1 As an example suppose somebody to have been born in the 97th year from the reign of Diocletian, Athyr (IIT) 30, 6th hour (of the day), in the third clima. For this hour we found the sun in approximately the fourth degree of Sagittarius, the moon in Taurus * 47 minutes, the Horoscopos in the 25th degree of Aquarius. Since the moon (in ¥ ) was found in the signs which follow * the Horoscopos (in ), one must count from the Horo- scopos (.4°25) to the degree of the moon (8 0;47) and (thus) we found 65 degrees 47 minutes. These we divided by the (mean) daily motion of the moon, that is 13°, and found 5 days; and the remaining 47 minutes we divided similarly by the hourly mean motion of the moon and found 1 hour and 4 approximately.* The 5 days and 14 hours we added to the 2734 days of pregnancy,* which made 278 days and 93 hours.’ Sub- tracting this from the day and hour of birth, Athyr (III) 30 6th hour, it extended to Mekheir (VI) 26 to 27 8th hour of night.° Subtracting also the fourth part of the intercalary day,’ that is 6 hours, one finds the +The printed text gives Capricorn. According to a photo of the manuscript only very faint traces of writing are preserved. The next sentence requires §% and computation confirms it. * Counted in the direction of increasing longitude. * This result is inaccurate. Since the mean motion of the moon is 13;10,35°/4 and 0;32,56°/" we should find 65 ;47° : 13 ;10,35°/4 = 44 plus 13;4,40° : 0;32,56°/» = 23;505 thus 10 minutes less than 5 days. The text computes 65°:13°/4=5¢ plus 0;47°: 0;33°/) (= 1525,..)h=14(!)8. “Cf. the scheme in Vettius Valens 1,25 (p. 50 Kroll) which follows a different method, but leads, for the present case, to the same result. ® Sic, instead of §. One manuscript has +! ° The figure of the text, 93, would lead to 83; the correct figure, 93, to 84. The date 26 to 27. means the night of the Egyptian 26th which precedes the 27th and is for once correctly computed. “To account for the difference between Egyptian years (upon which the tables were based) and Alexandrian years. Leap years are Diocletian 95 and 99. 131 year 96, Mekheir (VI) 26 to 27 2nd hour (of night)* at which hour we found the sun in [........ | degree, the moti ty [scars aus, < | degree.* Second Version (CCAG 8,2 p. 58,3 to 14) From Hephaestion II,2 For the sake of clarity let us have an example. Some (person) was born in the day(time) of the 30th of Athyr (III), the sun being in the 4th degree of Sagit- tarius. To these 4 degrees I added 2° 7° and it made 6°; these 6° multiplied by twelve made 78."! Counting these from the degree of the sun (# 4) I arrive at about the end of Aquarius (.«’ 22). Consequently either Aquarius or Gemini or Libra ** is the Horoscopos at conception. But since the sun was near the beginning of Sagittarius (# 4), the hemisphere of daylight above the earth ex- tends from it to the beginning of Gemini. Thus the Horoscopos (of conception) will not be in Gemini, nor can it be in Libra because also Libra is below the earth. Thus we must believe that the Horoscopos can only fall in Aquarius. Third Version (CCAG 8,2 p. 67,34 to p. 68,31) From Hephaestion II,11 Let us also set forth an example for the sake of clarity. Suppose that a person has 25 degrees of Aqua- rius as Horoscopos, Midheaven 5 degrees [of Sagit- tarius|]. Counting from the fifth degree of Sagittarius (M) to the 25th degree of Aquarius (H) I have 80 degrees: I have namely 25 of Sagittarius and 30 of Capricorn and 25 of Aquarius. Thus there remain 10 degrees or 4 of a quadrant.** We now take from the 5 degrees of Sagittarius 25 degrees toward the east and of the resulting 30 degrees the 9th part, that is 3 ;20, and subtract this from 30 degrees leaving 26 ;40 degrees of Sagittarius, which is the end of the twelfth 1* of Mid- heaven, and the beginning of the 11th Locus, that is Good Daimon. Taking again 4 of one-twelfth (= 30°) that is 3;20 degrees, I subtract these from 30 and add the remaining 26 ;40 to the 26 ;40 degrees of Sagittarius which were found before, and I subtracted from the resulting 53;20 the 30 degrees of Sagittarius. The re- maining 23 ;20 belong to Capricorn, making the end of Good Daimon and the beginning of Bad Daimon. And again adding to the 23;20 of Capricorn the aforesaid 26 ;40 of one-twelfth and from the resulting 50 I sub- * This is now. supposedly, the hour of conception. ° Cf. the Commentary for the expected positions. *°The symbol which the editors print as “s” must mean “ degree.” ** Added to the original 6°; cf. p. 6 s.v. “ dodekatemoria.” *°Tn trine to Aquarius. ™ Here and in the following our translation is somewhat freer than usual. “*“ Twelfth” is here used in the sense of “locus,” i.e of the 12 parts of the whole circle. one ” 132 tract the 30 degrees of Capricorn. The resulting 20 of Aquarius is the end of the Bad Daimon and the beginning of the twelfth of the Horoscopos. [In the same fashion the limits of other loci are determined, not without some minor arithmetical errors. ] COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 For Diocletian 97 Athyr (II1) 30 = a.p. 380% No- vember 26 one finds: Usa: Computed Text—comp. Ont = aa as, — 2° C 8 0;47 Ss —2 H ees noon M aD ade For the date of conception, 2784 95 earlier, one finds Diocletian 97 Mekheir (V1) 26 9th hour of night = a.p. 380 February 22, 3. a.m., the sun being in % 4, the moon about .™ 23. As locality we may assume Alexandria since it belongs to the “third clima ” in Ptolemy’s terminology.*® Using Theon’s tables for this latitude, from H =. 25 one would obtain as culminating point M = # 7;4 and not RS: The hour given in the text does not agree too well with the position of H (25) and sun (#4). From these data it would follow that the moment in question was 6;16 seasonal hours (Alexandria) or 5;21 equi- noctial hours after sunrise. The text gives for it “ 6(th) hour ” which would imply the use of equinoctial hours, thus constituting the only known exception from our general experience which leads us to interpret “ hours ”’ as meaning seasonal hours. But even without computa- tion the text itself is contradictory since # 5 is given as Midheaven, # 4 as solar position. This implies a moment after noon or within the 7th hour and not the 6th hour. The procedure carried out in the third version can be explained much more simply than it is expressed by the text. Suppose the arc from H to M were exactly 90°. Then each of the three “loci” from H to M would be exactly 30° long. It is furthermore the accepted rule that H as well as M should lie 5° inside of its respective locus, counted in the direction of the zodiacal signs.*” In our case, however, the arc from H to M is 10° or 4 of a quadrant shorter than a quadrant. Thus we take 4 away from each 30° section leaving us with three loci each of which is 30 — 3;20 = 26;40° long. Since M = #5 its locus, the 10th, begins exactly at 7 0° ** Engelbrecht, Heph. p. 22, and CCAG 8,1 p. 146 give incor- rectly a.p. 381. 7° Cf. p. 5. This is explicitly confirmed by CCAG 82 p. 79,10 (the length of a seasonal hour for £1 is 17;8) and p. 7817/18 (‘“clima of Lower Egypt’’). 27 CH No. L 428. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 380— No. L 401 and ends at # 26;40. Counting from this point again 26 ;40° leads to V3 23;20 as the end of the 11th locus; plus 26;40 gives <” 20 for the end of the 12th locus, thus 5° distant from H = 4 25, as it should be. Simi- larly, for the remaining centers (cf. fig. 15). IMC Figure 15. No. L 401 CCAG 8,1 p. 232,1 to p. 234,26 TRANSLATION 15.1 On the Progression [of the moon].? Clima 4. Moon Taurus 23;30, Saturn Capricorn 16 ;40,2* Jupiter Cancer 2;50, Mars Capricorn 4;42, Venus Pisces* 3314, Mercury Gemini* 0;18, Horo- scopos Virgo 4, Midheaven Taurus 30. It is necessary then, to find the “ progressions”’ of the moon toward each planet.’ Rising time of sphaera recta for the moon 141;1. Sphaera recta for Midheaven 147 ;44. Difference 6;43. Time degrees of daylight for the moon 17 ;24. Divide the 6;43 by this. It makes 0;23 seasonal hours.° Thus the moon is 0;23 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Left Quartile of Venus: Gemini’ 3;14. Sphaera recta 151;8. Excess over the time-degrees of Midheaven 3 ;24. Time degrees of daylight of the Quartile of Venus 17 ;23.8 +From Rhetorius. * Restoration by the editors, obviously based on the first sen- tence of the second section. What is meant is the succession of chronocratorship beginning with the moon.— The two manu- scripts on which our text is based (P = Paris.; V = Venet.) write the title between the first and the second section. At least in P the first section is written in direct continuation of the preceding chapter. IDs Neck *P: Aquarius; omitted in V. Emended by the editors to Pisces because later on the Quartile of @ is located in W 3;14. 4 Sic, instead of Capricorn. The correct position is used later on. ° A similar procedure, called wepimaros, is described in Vettius Valens IV,29 (p. 205, 13-16 Kroll). ° Accurately: 0;23,9,... "P: Aquarius. * Sic, instead of 17 ;43. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L401 Divide the 3;24 by this. It makes 0;8 seasonal hours.® Thus the Quartile of Venus is 0;8 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Add this to the 0;23 of the distance of the moon from Midheaven; it makes 0;31 seasonal hours *° which the Quartile of Venus is distant from the moon. And the excess of the moon over the Quartile of Venus was 16 which is 10 years and 2 days."* The Diameter of Mercury is Cancer 0;18. Sphaera recta 180;20. Sphaera recta of Midheaven was 147 ;44. Difference 32;36. Time degrees of daylight for the Diameter of Mercury 18;7. Divide the 32;36 of the excess by the 18;7 time degrees. It makes 14 [4% %o] hours.’? Consequently the Diameter of Mercury is 14 4% %o seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. And the Quartile of Venus was 0;35 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven."* This multiplied by 18;7 makes 3;18 time degrees.** Subtract this 3;18 from the 32;36 of Mercury. Remainder 29;18. Since it has been shown that the moon in its course will contact the Quartile of Venus at 10 years 2 days and that Venus, taking over the period by virtue of the Quartile, will be chronocrator from the 11th year for 29 years 3 months, Mercury will then take over by virtue of the Diameter the period after 39 years and will be chronocrator.** Again, Jupiter in Cancer 2;50. Sphaera recta 183;7. Sphaera recta of Midheaven 147;44. Excess 35;23. Time degrees of daylight for Jupiter 18;6. Divide the 35 ;23 by this. It makes approximately 1;57 seasonal hours.*® The distance of Jupiter from Midheaven is therefore 1;57 seasonal hours. [And the Diameter of Mercury was 1;48 seasonal hours distant from Mid- heaven.| Multiply this by the 18;6 seasonal hours of Jupiter. It makes 32;35 time degrees. Subtract it from the 35;23. Remainder 3;49.17 Thus we say that from year 39 and 3 months the chronocratorship of the Diame- ® This result is incorrect since 3 ;24:17;23 =0;11,44,... The correct value would be 3;24:17;43 =0;11,31,... Cf. the next note. 2° Tndeed 0;8 + 0;23 =0;31. Since, however, 0;8 is an error for 0;11 or 0;12 (cf. the preceding note), the distance from the moon to the Quartile of Venus should be 0;34 or 0;35. Indeed, in the next section, 0;35 is quoted as distance of the Quartile of Venus from Midheaven (!). Cf. note 13. 11The whole procedure which leads to this result has fallen out. We can restore it as follows: “ Multiply 0;23, the distance of the moon from M, by 17;43, the time degrees of the Quartile of Venus. Result: 6;47. Add this to the 3;24 of the Quartile of Venus. Result: 10;11 or approximately 103 which is 10 years and 2 months.” Thus the 16 of the text is an error for 10% and the 2 days is an error for 2 months. 1 Accurately: 1;47,58,0,... 7 1;48=13% vd. 18 Actually this distance was 0;11 or 0;12 (cf. note 9). The value 0;35 is the distance from the moon (cf. note 10). In the subsequent multiplication 0;11 was used. Cf. the next note. 1 Actually 3;18 =0;11-18 (instead of 0;11-18;7 =3;19,17). +© The allotment of periods is thus as follows: the moon rules the first 10 years, to be followed by Venus from the 10th year to 39 years 3 months. 16 Accurately: 1;57,24,... 17 Sic, instead of 2;48. 133 ter of Mercury lasts for 2 years 9 months approximately. And then Jupiter will take over the period, i.e., after 18 42 years 0 months. Again, the Trine of Venus in Cancer 3;14. Sphaera recta 183;33. Sphaera recta of Midheaven 147°;44. Difference 35;49. Time degrees of daylight for the Trine of Venus 18;6. Divide the difference 35 ;49 by it. It makes approximately 1;58 seasonal hours. Thus the Trine of Venus is 1;58 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Jupiter is 1;577° seasonal hours distant from it. Multiply this by the time degrees of the Trine of Venus, i.e., the 18 ;6 in the direction of direct motion. It makes 35;18 time degrees. Subtract this from the 35 ;49 of the difference. Remainder 0;31 time degrees. This is approximately 6 months 2 days. Hence Jupiter 2° will be chronocrator from year 41 month 10 to year 42 month 4% (?).*4 Again the Diameter of Mars, Cancer 4;42. Sphaera recta 185;10. Sphaera recta of Midheaven 147 :44. Dif- ference 37 ;26. Time degrees of daylight of the Diameter of Mars 18;6. Divide the 37 ;26 by this. It makes 214 ; seasonal hours, which is the distance of the Diameter of Mars from Midheaven. But Venus is 1444.5 seasonal hours *° distant from Midheaven. Multiply this by the seasonal hours of Mars, ie., by 18;6. It makes 35 ;36 time degrees.?* Subtract it from 37;26. Remain- der 1;51.24 Thus, approximately after 1 year and 8 months, Venus, receiving by virtue of the trine the period from Jupiter in the year 42 month [4] day 26( ?) will rule for about 1 year [8]? months until year 44 and 26 17(?) day.”° Diameter of Saturn Cancer 16;40. Sphaera recta {1[9]8;8. Sphaera recta of Midheaven 147 ;[44]}.27 Difference 50;24. Time degrees of daylight of the Diameter of Saturn 17;57. Divide the difference 50 ;24 by it. It makes 2;41 seasonal hours.?8 Thus Saturn is ** This is consistent with the preceding allotment to Mercury. Cf. note 15. *° The manuscripts have 1;58 (dittography from last figure). *° Consistent with the statement at the end of the preceding section; cf. note 18. The result, however, is incorrect, since 0;31 year = 6 months 6 days. * uhvov 8 «’. Meaning of x’ not clear; cf. the similarly enig- matic ending of the next section. *? The Trine of Venus was found in the last section at 1:48 from Midheaven but 1347 %5—=1;59. Therefore, A. Rome emended the text to 1237440 (=1;58). Cf. the next note and note 29. *° For 1;59-18;6 one finds 35;53,54, for 1;58-18;6 the value 35 335,48 = 35 ;36 as in the manuscripts; incorrectly emended in CCAG 8,1 p. 234,13 to 3532. ** The manuscripts have 1;37,51 (V) and 1;37 with 51 over the 37 (P) respectively. 1;50 would be correct. The emenda- tion 1;54 in CCAG is based on the previous incorrect emenda- tion (cf. note 23). *° Following the emendation of A. Rome. The manuscripts have 2 months. 2° Cf. note 21. *7 The text is confused here; cf. the Apparatus in CCAG. ** Accurately 2;48,28 and not 2;41. Cf. the next note. 134 distant from Midheaven 2 seasonal hours $4 445.?° But Mars was distant from Midheaven 2;4 seasonal hours. Multiply this by the 17;57 time degrees of Saturn. It makes 37 ;6 time degrees. Subtract this from the 50 ;24 of the excess of Saturn. Remainder 13;18. Thus after the 44 years Saturn takes over and brings to an end (the period of Mars, i.e.,) approximately 13 years 2 months, at [5]7 years 2 months.*° ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 16 We encounter great difficulties in the dating of this horoscope. A systematic search leads to the result that the three outer planets cannot be located near the places given to them in the text except for December 400/Janu- ary 401. The position of the sun is omitted but the moon restricts us within this interval either to December 15 or to January 11 and the first date gives the better results for Mars and Jupiter whereas Saturn and Mer- cury are better represented by the second: 400 401 Dec. 15 Jan. 11 Text OMT 25 Ve 22 —— C S25 oro poy eae b V3 9 Vem Z vs 16;40 24 a 0 126 % 2:50 é ye O Ve) WS ahaa 2 x7 4 he eed x 3,514 3 6 vs 18 vs 0;18 Venus is far from the position given in the text and also Mercury is only roughly correct.*t The date 401 (or 400) is therefore not at all certain. No emendation of the figures of the text is possible since all numbers are extensively used in the astrological sections. It seems not impossible that we have here an artificially made up example of positions. The astrological section contains a great number of rising times and related numbers for sphaera recta and for clima IV. M = 8 30;40 belongs to H = m4 for clima IV, rounded off in the text to ¥% 30. All other numbers, however, give degrees and minutes in exact agreement with the Handy Tables of Theon. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 16 The goal of the discussion, which follows the list of planetary positions, is the determination of the duration of chronocratorship of each planet. The total of these °° Which equals 2;49. Cf. note 22 for a similar approximation; perhaps 445 is the smallest fraction of an hour to be reckoned. °° The role of the Diameter of Saturn is to destroy the life as is clear from the following example (No. L 488). ** Note that the elongation of 63° between Venus and Mercury is very near to the extremal possible amount. LITERARY, SOURCES: No L401 periods, ending with Saturn’s rule, is then the length of life allotted to this nativity. The procedure consists in finding the “ distance ” from Midheaven for each planet or for a point in aspect to the planet. In this way the following points are in- vestigated (cf. fig. 16) : Ficure 16. n Xn 1c 8 23;30 2. Quartile of @ i Se 3. Diameter of 8 oS Osis 4. 4 o> =2:50 5, Trine ot “2 % 3314 6. Diameter of ¢ i 7. Diameter of » os 16;40. The “distance” of these points from M = % 30 is to be measured in time degrees and found in the fol- lowing way. Let n be the number of the point in ques- tion, following the above arrangement. For n=2 the “ distance’ A, is given by (1) Ay [a(A,)—a(M)] — [a(%ea) — eh ae where a(A) represents the right ascension of » + 90 (as tabulated in the Handy Tables for sphaera recta), h(Xr) the length of one seasonal hour in time degrees for clima IV and a solar longitude 4X. The meaning of this procedure is roughly this: a(An) — a(M) is the distance in right ascension between the points n and M. Therefore, [a(An) —a(M)] — [a(rn+)— a(M)] = a(An)—a(Ana) would be the ascensional difference between the points LITERARY*SOURCES: n and n—1. Such a procedure would, however, not depend on M and on the geographical latitude. In order to bring these elements also into play, the second term is modified by the ratio of the seasonal hours associated with A, and An for the given clima. The whole pro- cedure is a drastic example of the ever increasing com- plication of astrological doctrines during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Formula (1) holds only from n= 2 on. For n=1 1 (2) h(A1) is used as “ distance” from M. The numbers which result from (1) and (2) are counted in degrees and minutes. They are now sup- posed to signify years of rulership assigned to the planet in question. In transforming the resulting numbers of degrees and minutes into years and months the text operates very carelessly indeed: A, = [a(A.) —a(M) ] Text Total n= 1 ORS LOZ r= 10¥24( !) 10” 2 29318 29¥3 ;36™ 29v3™ 39v3™ 3 2:48 299 :36™ 2y9om 42y 4 Ors sl GulZ= 4m!) 42v4m 5 50 Ty10= 1¥8™( 1) 44y 6 ieee) 3Y3e30™ Lo2e el) BAAS This carelessness cost the nativity 9 months of lifetime since the correct total would be 57 ;57¥ = 57¥11™. No. L 412 Marinus, Life of Proclus TRANSLATION (35.)1 In order that those who love the higher things may be able to conclude, from the configuration of the stars under which he was born, how the Lot (of For- tune) fell to him not in the lowest place but in the very best, we shall give their schemata as it occurred at birth: 2 © in Aries 16;26* degrees, € in Gemini 17 ;29 degrees, (» )* in Taurus 24;23 degrees, 2 in Taurus 24:41° degrees, 6 in Sagittarius 29;50. @ in Pisces 23 degrees,® [ % ] in Aquarius 4 ;42 degrees, Horoscopos in Aries 8;19 degrees, Midheaven in Capricorn 4 ;42 1 The division of the text into chapters and their numbering is modern. 2 We have checked the following data with the two existing manuscripts, Vat. Graec. 1374 fol. 162 [V] and Pal. Graec. 404 fol. 100 [P]. ®V: 16;26, P: 16. Stein [1] p. 72 states incorrectly “[V.] et [P.] portent tous les deux: le Soleil 16°26’ dans le Bélier. . . .” 4Both manuscripts have here kat instead of the symbol for Saturn. 5P: 24;44. ® Perhaps minutes lost in the lacuna. No. L401 — No. L 412 £35 degrees, the ascending (node) in Scorpio 24 ;33 degrees, preceding conjunction in Aquarius 8;51 degrees. (36.) He died in the 214th year from Julian’s reign, under the Athenian archonship of Nicagoras, jr., in the Athenian month Munychion 17, according to the Reamans Aprilil7 i. (37.) There also occurred signs in the year before his death, e.g., a solar eclipse of such magnitude that it became night at daytime. Deep darkness fell and the stars became visible. This happened in Capricorn toward the rising center. The calendar makers recorded also another (eclipse) to happen at the completion of the first year (after his death)... . COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 An extensive literature has accumulated around this horoscope and the additional date of the death of Proclus. At first Fabricius in his edition of the Vita Procli by Marinus (London 1703) computed as date of birth 412 February 8, emending the solar longitude to < 20 ;26 as is obviously necessary." The same result was obtained by Delambre * and independently by Stein.® It can be immediately confirmed by computing with the approxi- mate tables used throughout in this work.t? Thus one finds for 412 February 8: Text Text Computed comp. © er lLGszot (yas Be 201-6 (e) C The b/d x 16;48 + 0;40° R 8 24323 827333 —3;10 ua % 24:41 & 24:45 0 é # 29;50 ys 3;9 — 3;20 g 3€ 23] ae |? REDS CAS [—0;50] [es [ptt a AA we OAT —2 H ee orl 9AM. M vs 4;42 correct for Rhodes $2 ™ 24°33 m 26;58 — 2;30 eonj-412° S51 ae —(0-:10 fain 22 The date of his death being 485 April 17 he lived 73 years and 2 months. The years of Julian must be counted in the Athenian calendar, resulting from the classical-pagan tradition of * A diagram which shows the emended data was published by Fabricius and reproduced in Steck-Schonberger PD p. 10 and by Stein [1] p. 73. No diagram seems to be given in the manuscripts. * Boissonade. Proclus p. 138 note; repeated Freudenthal [1] p. 487. ® Stein [1], with a slight error in the date of the preceding conjunction. 1° Cf. Introduction p. 2. Vi 16 268PEMNGsucis notes. 12.24 ;44 in P. 78 Lacuna in text. 136 the circle of Proclus.1* Now Hekatombaion corresponds to about July; Julian became Augustus in December 361, thus his first year will be counted from July 361, the 124th year from July 484. Thus the death of Proclus would fall in 485 April 17 in his 74th year of life. The fact that Marinus assigns in these passages a life of 75 years to his hero, whereas the astronomical data require his death in the 74th year, has caused a long series of arguments. Up to 1888 they are listed by Freudenthal who himself proposes the absurd solution that “bei der Berechnung der Nativitat waren Fehler schwer zu vermeiden”’ (p. 493), based on the judgment of an astronomical “ Fachmann” who thinks that the “ damaligen unpraktischen Zahlzeichen und schwerfal- ligen Rechnungsmethoden ” favored an error.*® In fact the tables of Ptolemy or Theon are almost identical in structure and accuracy with the modern tables used here and provide the data of a horoscope by means of a few additions exactly as in modern tables. And it is, of course, totally irrelevant whether one uses our numerals or the Greek ones. The article on Proclus by R. Beutler in RE 23,1 (1957) col. 186 ff. again discards the precision of the astronomical data in favor of the loose statement of a 75-year lifetime. It furthermore gives incorrectly Feb- ruary 18 as the date of the horoscope. The solar eclipse mentioned in Chapter 37 as having occurred is the eclipse of 484 January 14, the sun being in VS 26, shortly after sunrise in Athens.*® The next, predicted, solar eclipse has the date 486 May 19.7 No. L 419 Vettius Valens, Additamenta, Kroll p. 365,29 to 366,5 Another example, (the) 3(rd).t Reign of Valen- tinian. Clima that of Spain. This person was killed at the age of 36. Year of Diocletian 135, Epiphi (XI) 8, beginning of Ist hour (of the day). Sun in Cancer 7;11, moon in Aries 22;30, Horoscopos in Cancer 7 ;20, (the sun at the time of)? full moon in Gemini 28;40, 7th hour of day, Payni (X) 29. The days from the full moon to the day of birth are 7$° which is the 4 of 15. Since the solar gnomon exceeds the horoscopic gnomon I add this 4 part to the beginning of the first hour and do thus: time-degrees of the sun 18;5 of which one half is 9; and the rising time of the sun 75;7 * making 14 Hanell [1] p. 8 has remarked that the equation Munychion 17 = April 17 is generally correct as far as the months are concerned but merely formal for the day numbers. 1° Freudenthal [1] p. 492 f. 16 Cf. Ginzel, Kanon, p. 222. Also Stein [1] p. 74. +7 Oppolzer, Canon, No. 4019. No. L 419 1 The “second” is No. L 431. 2 The text gives erroneously “full moon” only. 8 Sic, instead of 83. * Scribal error for 79;7. The next number is again correct. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L412—No. L419 together 88 time-degrees. With these I entered the table and found the Horoscopos approximately in Cancer 14.5 With these 14 time (degrees) I entered the table and found ® 34 periods (1.e., years) 10 months, corre- sponding to the (number) 10, which makes 6 sixtieths. Taking now the time-degrees of 14 degrees of Cancer I found? 18;0. Multiplying these by 12, I found 216 ;0 the 6th of which makes 36 periods (1.e., years) ; which he lived. ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 Diocletian 135 Epiphi (XI) 8 = 419 July 2. For the time near sunrise one finds Text Computed Text—comp. Om 5 7 eilil 5 9-40 — 2;30° C P2230) IP 2S — 0;30. The preceding full moon occurred at Payni (X) 29 7 daytime = June 23 1 p.m. the sun being in % 1;30, the moon in VS 1. The text gives for the sun at opposition m 28 ;40 or again 2;50° less than with our norm. Since the person in question was killed at the age of 36 our text cannot have been written before 455. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY No. L419 and No. L431 perform a series of opera- tions, which is attested in no other horoscope, to de- termine the length of life which belongs to the given nativity. In order to understand this procedure one has to realize that one is dealing with three essentially dif- ferent steps: (a): accurate fixation of the hour in question by means of purely astrological speculations which involve sun and moon; (b): given the longitude of the sun and the seasonal hour (of daytime or night) as determined in the first step, find the rising point of the ecliptic, i.e., the Horo- scopos. This is a straightforward astronomical problem. (c): derive from the position of the Horoscopos, found in (0), the length of life. Here the tables from Vettius Valens VIII (pp. 321 to 324 Kroll) come into play. This step is, of course, again purely astrological in character. Step a. Both No. 419 and No. 431 give the hour of the birth and both re-evaluate it on the basis of some only very incompletely understood procedure. Both texts operate with the otherwise unknown concepts of “solar gnomon” and “ horoscopic gnomon.” In No. 431 we are given: solar longitude lunar longitude clima IV (1) ° The Handy Tables give for [% 14 the value 88 ;23. ° Cf. the table Kroll p. 324 (line 16) for [% 14. “From the Handy Tables, clima 4. LITERARY SOURCES: Ne. L419 From this, it is said, follows a “solar gnomon”’ of 6° which is the difference of rising times from sun to moon. This is obviously impossible. One arrives, however, at a reasonably close result if one takes the difference between the corresponding time-degrees from Theon’s Tables which are used throughout in the following: him — hg = 17 324 — 1255 = 5519 = 6°. We now find hs, the time-degrees which correspond to the point 25 19;2 diametrically opposite the sun, and multiply the result by 12. The motivation for this pro- cedure lies in the fact that we are dealing with a night- birth and that hs gives the length of one seasonal hour of night. Consequently, 12 4, = 12-17;55 = 215° is the length of the night. It was furthermore given that the birth happened at the third hour of night. This gives the motivation to form 3-215 = 645 = 285 (mod. 360) though no astro- nomical sense can be connected with this operation. The result 285 is called the “ horoscopic gnomon”’ and it is found to be greater than the solar gnomon. From this result, which can hardly be more than the statement 285 > 6, we are told it may be concluded that somehow ° the 3 hours must be reduced to 24 hours only and this is indeed the amount which is used in step (0). In No. L 419 all these steps are suppressed. We are given Clima of Spain (= clima IV) beginning of lst hour of daylight. Am = YP 22;30 From this and the time elapsed since full moon, it is mysteriously concluded that the solar gnomon exceeds the horoscopic gnomon *° and thus the “beginning of the first hour” extended to 4 hour, to be used in the next step. Step b. This step is fully intelligible. As the result of Step (a) we are left with the seasonal hours Miomi2 419 » = 0530 hours of daylight A, = 2° 7 No. L 4312 = 2;20 hours of night Nats, Cay AS) From the Handy Tables we find that the corresponding time-degrees are BO i= loss tne we —- 0530218 5 0 and h—=h(As) = 17;55 thus n-h = 2;20-17;55 = 41;48 respectively. We now find from the same tables the corresponding rising times and add them to the previous results: n-h+ p(rAs) =9 + 79;7 = 88° ° This difference would be 88 ;28°. ® The time interval of 10 days between birth and the preceding conjunction plays some role. *° Perhaps simply because the horoscopic gnomon is zero, © and H being almost identical. 137 and Heh erp yi -48193-7- 134.550. It is easy to see that this total is the rising time of the point which is in the horizon (cf. the stereographic pro- jection in fig. 17) at the given hour. This point is again Ecl. } XN Hf ‘ v \ Hor. fs ; called “ Horoscopos”” (H’) though it is the Horoscopos for the hour » which is, as we have seen in Step (a), a modification of the hour originally given. Having thus found the rising time p(H’), one uses the tables in the inverse direction and finds inL419: H’—% 14 [since p(H’) = 88;23] and m L43ty Hi — 6-23 |since p(H’) — 134;55]. These are the data to be used in Step (c). Step c. With these new horoscopic values we enter the first table which follows Book VIII of Vettius Valens. There we find *4 for % 14: ie GL 23e 34710™154 Fv (leas No. L419 quotes the “ number ” 10 and the associated 34 years 10 months (without days) but makes no use of the latter, and the same holds for No. L 431. Both texts now proceed to compute the length of daylight which would correspond to a solar longitude of 95 14 and Su 23 respectively. This leads to IZ ht 25 14) ——12-18-0 — 216 Ze 2 1645-201. apibuos 10 apiOuos 22 Now the “numbers” come into play in the form of factors 0;10 and 0;22. The result is interpreted as years of lifetime. Thus one finds * Kroll p. 324 lines 16 and 25. given degrees of the Horoscopos and thus find for the 138 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L419—No. L 428 in No. L419: 216-0310 = 36 years in No. L431: 201-0;22 = 73 ;42 —73% Mo years. This is the final result of the astrological investigation. One may ask why the lifetimes listed in Vettius Valens’ table were disregarded and replaced by the result of a special computation. The answer is simply that the tables of Vettius Valens are computed for the clima of Alexandria whereas our examples concern the fourth clima. One may confirm this statement by de- riving from Vettius Valens’ table a new one by dividing the numbers in the column of “ years-months-days ” by the corresponding “ dpOyol.” The result 7 is a scheme of length of daylight with shortest daylight 150° in vs 8°, longest daylight 210° in %5 8 and equinoxes (180) in ” 8 and = 8. The underlying scheme of rising times follows System A. It is of interest to see that the author, who wrote in the middle of the fifth century or later, was still aware of the fact that the table in Vettius Valens was computed for the latitude of Alexandria and had to be modified in case of a different clima. No. L 428 CCAG 8,1 p. 221,1 to p. 222,28 TRANSLATION 12.1, How one has to find by degree the Kentra of the 12 Loci: Example of a nativity: Clima 5, year of Diocletian 145, Thoth (I) 10 to 11, beginning of the 4th hour of night: sun 14;19 of Virgo, moon 3;4 of Pisces, Saturn 14;21 of Sagittarius, Jupiter 15;41 of Libra, Mars 21;6 of Virgo, Venus 25;40 of Leo, Mercury 3;37 of Libra, Horoscopos 25;16 of Taurus, Midheaven 3;37 of Aquarius, ascending node 3;41? of Capricorn, (pre- ceding) conjunction 1;26 of Virgo, (Lot of) Fortune 6;31 of Sagittarius,* Daimon 14;1 of Scorpio.* We shall put forward the explanation of the 12 loci by degree in order that we may show according to the natural system and its corollary the distances of the degrees which were in centers and in apoklima as follows: Because, as Ptolemy says,® the 5 degrees preceding (the -Forascopos)* [v. S21. ] we subtract these from the 7? Example: for 258 the table gives 56 years 0 months (Kroll p. 324,10). The corresponding dpi0uds is 16. Consequently, we have 56:0;16 = 210° =14 as length of daylight. This is the classical value for the length of daylight at the summer solstice at Alexandria. Cf. for details Ch. III,F (p. 174). No. L 428 *From Rhetorius. 2 CCAG 8,1 p. 221,7 gives incorrectly, ’ wa’ instead of y’ wa’ (checked on photo). *From Ar= & 25;16— (% 3;4—1p14;19) = 7 6;31. 4From Ap = & 25;16+ (% 3;4— 1m 14;19) =m 1451. ° Tetrabiblos ed. Robbins III,10 (p. 272/273), ed. Boll-Boer TRUE (Go, WAS aks). beginning of the center of the Horoscopos (& ) 20;16. To this correspond for sphaera recta 137 ;44 as rising time. The 20;16 degrees of Taurus make at the 5th Clima 17;44 time degrees, and doubling this we get 35 ;28 time degrees, and subtracting it from 137 ;44 we find 102;16 as remainder. Aries 13;21 (which is the beginning of the 12th locus) culminates at sphaera recta with 102;16. And again in the same way we subtract 35;28 from 102;16, finding 66;48 as remainder; and we find again that with them culminates at sphaera recta Pisces 4;8. Thus we shall have Pisces 4;8 for the beginning of the 11th locus.* {Consequently the moon (in 8 3;4) belongs rather to the 10th locus.} Again sub- tracting the 35 ;28 from 66 ;48 with 31 ;20 as remainder, we find that with them culminates in sphaera recta Capricorn 29;7. This then will be the beginning of the (locus) Midheaven. But at the beginning Midheaven was Aquarius 3;37 which precedes (V3 29;7) by 4;30. We should have, however, 5° ; thus we have a difference of 0;30. The reason for it is as follows. Ptolemy says neither that one must subtract from the center time degrees nor (that one must subtract) longitudinal de- grees, but the (degrees) of the ideal’ and fixed zodiac which (is the basis of the calculation) of the aspects, (i.e.) the variable longitudinal and time degrees. We, however, took the variable and perceptible 5 degrees. Thus, when Ptolemy says ® “and the sextile which is to the right of these 30 degrees,” ® then he is speaking of the ideal (degrees), for these are (degrees) which always accurately make 30 degrees together; but the variable (degrees) give only an approximate (total). But we must now determine the locus more ac- curately. While there are from V3 29;7 to %5 29;7 of culminating times 180 degrees of the semicircle, there are from V3 29;7 to 8 20;16 of simultaneously culmi- nating times, six times 17 ;44, ie., 106;24. Thus, the difference between the simultaneously culminating times from ¥& 20;16 to VS 29;7 and the semicircle is 73 ;36. Its third part is 24;32 times. If we now subtract the 24 ;32 from the given 31 ;20 we find the remainder 6;48. Simultaneously with these culminates V3 6;13°. Thus the beginning of the 9th (locus) will be v3 6;13.2° If we again subtract from the 6;48 the 24;32 we obtain the remainder 342 ;16. Withthese culminates 7 16 ;46.14 Thus the beginning of the 8th (locus) will be # 13 ;48.% ° The text has here the words “\33;11 is the beginning of the 10th (locus)” which the editors replace by the equally meaningless statement “*%3;11 is the beginning of the 10th (locus).”” Obviously this whole phrase does not belong to the text. The next sentence is probably only a scholion, though factually correct. 7 yontod. * Tetrabiblos [11,11 Boll-Boer p. 129,20 =TIII,10 Robbins p. 272,6. ° The 5 + 25 degrees preceding and following the Horoscopos. *° The text has here 6;16. + Should be 13 ;42. LITERARY SOURCES: No. 1428 Again subtract the 24 ;32 from the 342 ;16; the remainder is 317;44. With these culminates m 20;16 which is diametric to the Horoscopos. The diametrically opposite points will be the beginnings of the loci below the hori- poneie:, oll, 111, IV, V, VI. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 26 For Diocletian 145 Thoth (1) 11—a.p. 428 Sep- tember 8 one finds Text Computed Text—comp. © m™m14;19 mm 16345 —2;20 C xX 354 % 6;36 — 3;30 b A 14;21 a 17 —2;40 fee 15°41 ~18 — 2;20 @ my 21;6 mm 24 — 2;50 Oe SL 25540 gt 29 — 3;20 eats 3 33/ = 8 — 4;20 PS 25-16 bes. 44n. 10 P.M. ieee? 3.37 Ee 2 AZ bo VS 3:41 VS" 0213 — 2:30 conj. TM 1526 Aug. 26: ™ 4 eo) In the determination of the 12 loci Rhetorius follows a very refined procedure. First he ends the 12th locus 5° before the Horoscopos, that is, at ¥ 20;16, in ac- cordance with a rule in the Tetrabiblos.* He then determines for the 5th clima (¢—=40;56) the length of the seasonal hours corresponding to a solar longitude of 8 20;16. These seasonal hours are now arranged in 3 groups of two consecutive hours each, and the points of the ecliptic are found which culminate simultaneously with the end of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hour. These points of the ecliptic are then the boundaries of the loci X, XI, and XII. The meaning of these operations becomes clear if one uses stereographic projection of the celestial sphere from its North pole—a procedure well known in the theory of the Astrolabe since Ptolemy’s Planisphaerium. In fig. 18 the arc AB of the parallel circle ABCD repre- sents one half the length of daylight if the sun rises at A= & 20;16. The projection from N of the points 2, 4, and 6 on the ecliptic gives the boundaries of the last three loci. The corresponding numerical procedure is as fol- lows. Using Theon’s Handy Tables we find h = 17 ;44° as the length of one seasonal hour for Clima V and X= 8 20;16. We determine furthermore the point of the equator whose right ascension is the same as for 4} = & 20;16 by using the table for sphaera recta and find a) = 137344 (actually: right ascension + 90°).** We now form three arcs of equal length, totalling half the length of daylight for Clima V and A= 8% 20;16: 2Z(Gy. note. Oo: 18 For the reason cf. Almagest II,9 (p. 144 f. Heiberg). 139 ao = 137 ;44 ay = ay — 2h = 137 544 — 35 ;28 — 102;16 as = a, — 2h = 66;48 a3 = a2 — 2h = 31;20. Using again the table for sphaera recta we can find the corresponding points of equal right ascension on the ecliptic: aa) ten PAUIN KS) Ne oe St Ao = % 4;815 Ne = 529 5/ Ficure 18. These are the boundaries of the 10th, 11th, and 12th locus. Rhetorius is surprised that A; is not M—5° = it 3337 —= 5 = VS 28337... The reason for this dis- crepancy escaped him as his irrelevant references to Ptolemy show. In fact, two combined effects explain the difference. First, Rhetorius’ longitude for M is not correct and should be #4” 2;47, thus M — 5 = vs 27-47. Secondly, if M is the culminating point to H, then M —5° is in general not the culminating point to H — 5°. Indeed, using Theon’s tables one finds that vs 29;4 culminates with & 20;16 rising, thus a devia- tion of only 0;3°, caused by the rounding-off of the numbers in the tables. Having found that V9 29;7 is the endpoint of the 10th *4 Should be 13;23. The text interpolates as if the tabular difference were 1 and not 0;55. *® Probably scribal error for 4;50 which would be the result of using 1 as tabular difference. The accurate value would be 4:53. 140 locus (which contains M) Rhetorius determines the excess of 180° 7® over 6h and finds 180 — 6h = 180 — 106 ;24 = 73 ;36 and from this 2 = 4 73:;30 == 24532) Proceeding as before he then forms a4 = a3 — 2h’ = 31 320 — 24 332 = 6;48 as = a, — 2h’ = 366 ;48 — 24 332 = 342516 ae == 165 == 2h’ => 317 ;44 and finds for the corresponding points of the ecliptic with equal right ascension from the table of sphaera recta As = * 16;46%" as limits of the 7th, 8th, and 9th locus. We see that Ae + 5° = m 25;16 = H+ 180 as it should be. The reason for this procedure is evident from figure 18. In order to end at the setting point E diametrically opposite to the rising point A we must use the diameter AC and then divide BC = 180 — AB into three equal parts each of length 2h’. The projections of the dividing points are the endpoints of the loci VII to IX. No. L 431 Vettius Valens, Additamenta, Kroll p. 365,3 to 28 TRANSLATION Example 2.1. Year of Diocletian 147, Tybi (V) 14 to 15, 3rd hour of night, clima 4. Sun in Capricorn 19;2, moon in Taurus 23;30, (preceding) conjunction in Capricorn 9;29. {From conjunction to the day and hour of birth [10] days}.* I inquire how many rising times there are from sun to moon in the 4th clima, and I found 6 time-degrees. These 6 time (-degrees) I wrote down as solar gnomon. Then again taking the time- degrees of the point diametrically opposite to the sun, because it was a nocturnal birth, I found for the 19th degree of Cancer 17 ;53 time-degrees.* Multiplying these by twelve I found 215 time-degrees.* These 215 time- degrees I multiplied by the 3 hours of the nativity, making 645. Subtract one circle, i.e., 360; remaining are 285 time-degrees. These I write down as horoscopic +6 Incorrectly interpreted as the arc from V3 29;7 to [% 29;7 rather than from & 20;16 to m 20;16. 27 errot, 10% loe42: No. L 431 +Example 1 is a simple numerical example (Kroll p. 364,24 ff.) concerning the determination of the Horoscopos. No specific date can be associated with it. ? The text here is confused. * The Handy Tables of Theon give 17;55 and this is indeed the value used later on; cf. notes 4 and 5. “The product would be 214;36 but 17;55.12 = 215. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L428—No. L 440 gnomon. Since the horoscopic gnomon exceeds the solar gnomon, the 3rd hour of the birth requires subtraction. Thus subtract two-thirds of one hour from the 10 days which the moon is distant from conjunction until the day and hour of birth and do not compute 3 hours of night but (only) 24. And so you do thus: sun in Capri- corn 19;2. Time-degrees of Cancer, because it is a night birth, 17;55.° Multiply it by 24 hours; it makes 41;48 time-degrees.© Add the rising time of Cancer 93 ;7,7 making together 134 ;55 time-degrees. With these I enter (the table) of the 4th clima and find as Horo- scopos Leo 23;0 degrees. With these 23 degrees I entered the table for Leo ® and find correspondingly 22 sixtieth parts, that is 44 449, and 73 years 11 months. Looking for the proportional part I did thus. The Horo- scopos Leo 23 (has) 16;45 time-degrees.*° These I multiplied by 12 making 201. These I multiply by 4% 19; the 4% makes 67 years and the % (is) 6 years two-thirds (and) %4 9.1! Together it makes 73 years two-thirds (and) Yo. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 27 For Diocletian 147 Tybi (V) 14431 January 9 9 p.M. one obtains Text Computed Text—comp. (Cp a ve 21 — 2° € S 23-30 orZ25510 — 1;40. The preceding conjunction 9 days earlier (430 Decem- ber 31 = Tybi 5) occurred in V3 11 (textayoe For the astrological commentary cf. the Commentary to No. L419. No. L 440 CCAG 8,4 p. 221,1 to p. 224,20 TRANSLATION 113.1. Nativity of a grammarian. This person * was a poor grammarian of Thebes until 32 years (of age). At 33 years he married and began to rise at Athens, and then fleeing to Byzantium was associated with a great man, and, pretending to be a wizard or one initiated, he became quaestor, then consul, ® Correct for 2519; cf. note 3. ° Accurately 41;48,20. Kroll’s “correction” wrong. * Correct for [19 and clima IV. ® The rising time for $\ 23 is indeed 134;55. °Tt is the table given on p. 324 of Kroll’s edition (line 25 which corresponds to 23°). +9 Correct according to the Handy Tables. 1 Indeed 201/30 = 6 ;42. No. L 440 of 48 to 42 is *From Rhetorius. ? Pamprepios, as identified by A. Delatte; cf. the Commentary. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L440—No.L 463 then patrician and later, at 444% years was put to death in camp as traitor. He was a villain. Sun in Libra 5;8, moon in Taurus 8;4, Saturn in Taurus 25, Jupiter in Libra 23;8, Mars in Capricorn 26 ;8, Venus in Scorpio 26, Mercury in Libra 23, Horo- scopos in Aquarius 23;30, Midheaven in Sagittarius ° 5 ;3, full moon in Aries 2 ;42, (Lot of) Fortune in Virgo 26 ;34,4 Daimon in Cancer 20;34,5 exaltation of the nativity in Virgo, Lot of destroyer in Aquarius. Investigating the preceding nativity I found the moon and Saturn and Venus and Mars in apoklima by degree, and by sign moon and Saturn and Venus in center.® And the sun and Mercury and Jupiter (in =) were in apoklima by sign;* and by degree the sun happened to be at the epanaphora of the setting center.* I see then that Saturn is ruler of the Horoscope (. *®) and the first triangle (, 1, ==) ruler 7? — the Horoscopos and the luminary (©) being in trine, indicating the first period of life —in apoklima of lower center (1), and is retrograde and injured by Mars because of the equilateral triangle, and further that [Venus] (in ™) is also its (Saturn’s) ruler and ruler of the moon** (in 8) (both) being in opposition to it.17 How could he not have had a hard first period of life and not been a fugitive in many places with the moon opposed by its own house ruler. [In this way the whole life of the grammarian is discussed ;** of astronomical details we hear that Taurus has the rising time 25 and Scorpio 35,14 Virgo and Libra 38 ;20,'° that Jupiter is at evening rising *® — actually the planet is near last visibility in the evening. | ® The correct sign of the text (7) was mistakenly emended to Taurus by the editors. “Should be 26;26 because Aw + (Ag — AS) = * 23530 + 7°2;56° = 26;26. The error is caused by dittography of the following number. 5 From 2% 23 ;30 —7*2 356° = 2% 20 ;34. ® Counting simply signs M and IMC would be mM (2) and % (b and C) respectively. 7 Cf. the preceding note. 8 The sun in 5 is 41;30° distant from A = {. 23;30 thus in the second 30-degree section following a center. By signs, how- ever, = is the third sign from {\. ® Aquarius is a house of Saturn. 1° Saturn is the ruler of this triangle at daytime, as is the case in this nativity. 11 Because Saturn and moon are in &, a house of Venus. 12 We are following here Delatte p. 67 note 5 in retaining the ke.uévwv of the manuscript while the published text has kecmévny. 18 A translation of the whole horoscope is given by Delatte- Stroobant [1] p. 65 to 70. 14 P_ 22215 and p. 224,6. Correct for both Systems A and B in clima I. ’ a5 P9224 Oise contectsson Systeme weclima) I. SO, ERR). 141 COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 27 The date of this horoscope has been determined by Delatte and Stroobant [1] who also identified the “erammarian’”’ as the poet Pamprepius who rose to a powerful position as follower of Illus and Leontius, but soon perished when disaster overtook their revolt. For the historical discussion cf. RE 18,3 col. 409 ff. For 440 September 29, 4 p.m. one finds: Text— Text Computed comp. © = 5:8 = 8 = 3 € 8 8:4 % 10;30 PaareG (0) ee Tomes) SHE —_ mu == 23:8 = 26 —3 So VI 2055 V3 28 —— 2? ™m 26 ™m 24 +2 6 = 23 r = 27 —4 Helae ey 25r 50 about 4 P.M. M x# 5;3_ correct for about ¢ = 27 1" fullmoon 2;42 Sept.2742a.m.75;30 —3 The case of Venus is of interest since the text must be based on tables which allow an elongation of 51° where Ptolemy’s tables (Almagest XII, 10) would only lead to 46;30 (in agreement with the above given result). A maximum elongation of 50° is assumed by Theon of Smyrna (p. 296 Martin), by Chalcidius with reference to Heraclides Ponticus (p. 206f. Mullach) and by Cleomedes (p. 226 Ziegler). No. L 463 CCAG 8,4 p. 224,21 to p. 225,5 TRANSLATION Nativity of a non-viable.? * This was the child of a king and died at 54% months * in Byzantium. Year of Diocletian 179, month April 25, 7th hour of the day. Sun Taurus 3, moon Capricorn 23, Saturn Aquarius 26, Jupiter Virgo 17, Mars Aries 1, Venus Aries 15, Mercury Taurus 26, Horoscopos Leo 26, Midheaven Taurus 17, ascending node Aquarius 24, ** Corresponding to the birthplace of Pamprepius, Panopolis in the Thebais. No. L 463 *CCAG 8,1 p. 77, F. 247: “Est ultimum cap. operis Rhetorii.” * Cf., e.g., CCAG 8,2 p. 61 ff. rep arpddwy (from Hephaestion). Cf. also No. L 482, note 10. ®* The text has unvdy e's’ which only can mean 5% months (+5 months 5 days). The editor refers to p. 221.7 where érép uo’ éxroy means, of course, 44§ years (= 44 years 2 months). From this he then seems to conclude that écrov always means “menses duo”! Once being on the wrong track he further suggests that our nativity concerns a child of Leo I and Verina, born 464 April 25, which died at the age of 2 years and 2 months! The text, however, says only 5$ months and concerns the date 463(!) April 25. 142 (preceding) full moon at the 6th hour of night Libra 24 ;36, (Lot of) Fortune Taurus 16,* Daimon Sagittarius 6,° Exaltation (of the nativity) Leo 11.° Explanation: The triangle rulers (2{) of the Horo- scopos (SU # Y) and (2 and the moon) of (the tri- angle of) the luminary of the sect’ (the moon) were in apoklima (namely the moon) and opposing them- selves (being in opposition to their own houses: 2, 2, and the moon) and under the aspect of Mars (the moon in V3). COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 27 For Diocletian 179 = a.p. 463 April 25 1 P.M. one finds Text— ext Computed comp Ouse oO —3 € V3 23 ys 24 —1 Waa, 120 es —2 2 17 Tm 19 — 2 ove ees —2 oR Be) 7210 +5 8 8 26 oh, 48) 0 H St. 267" day, 1 P.M. M % 17 618320" 8 we 24 me 20530 — 2;30 fullmoon: = 24;366' night April 19 11> a.m. = 25 ;40 —1 No. L 474 CCAG 1 p. 102 TRANSLATION 57.1 Katarche of a (voyage by) ship. A person left Caesarea,* 191st year of Diocletian, month October 1, fifth [hour] of day[time].? Sun in [ore lee 27-36, > ino 27,20 in Ty aoe) Mars in f ?17;30, 2 in & 23;30, ¥ in = 25 ;30, Horoscopos aioe “From Ar—= $l 26 -4- (V3 23— 6 3) = © 16. 5 From Ap = $\ 26— (V8 23— 8 3) = 76. 6 The exaltation of the sun is § 19; thus the sun in & 3 is 16° behind its exaltation and the exaltation of the nativity should be in §. 26—16 = §\ 10 and not in §) 11. 7 We are dealing with a daytime birth, thus the day-ruler of the triangle in question (V3 1%) is chosen, ie., the moon (in V3). 8 Using Theon’s tables for Byzantium; Clima 5 would lead to % 19:20. H = 25, instead of $\ 26, would give for Byzantium M= 8i7. No. L 474 1From Palchus. Cf. also the special discussion of ships by Demetrius CCAG 8,3 p. 98 note 1. + Presumably in Palestine. 2 This is the obvious interpretation of the text and confirmed by the position of sun and M, as well as by the longitude of the moon. ® So correctly in the text; the edition gives Gemini. LITERARY SOURKGES; No. L 463 — No. L 474 7 6, Midheaven 122, 8 25 12;30. Because the ¢€ happened to be in the terms of % and in the (12th) locus of Bad Genius and in slow motion * it made the (ship have) storm and delay in the voyage. And the diametrical aspect of ¢ (in Y) to % (in =) made the oars(?) of the boat suffer (damage) and made quarrels and fights occur in the ship. But [this aspect] did not harm the Katarche because of the ruler of the Horoscopos (2°). And @ being found in a dry sign (oU)® and [the moon? (in ™)] in aspect with » (in &.) and 6° (im *9 2 | 2k ee er ]. Thrown on land he was loved by a woman because the quartile aspects (of the moon in ™) were dry and beneficent (2 in $v).° And the bicorporeal sign of the Horo- scopos (#) and of 2£ (in ™) made him embark on another ship at Abydos *° and when the € came into == in diameter to 6 (in &) according to computa- tion**(?), while ¢ in 8 was in diameter to the ¢ (in fT) according to computation 4(?), the exit from equi-zonal (signs, == and & ) and also the entrance into equi-zonal signs (™ and ¥) took place.’? COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 27 For the given date, Diocletian 191 = a.p. 474 +8 Octo- ber 1, 5th hour of daytime one finds: Text Computed Text—comp. Ore at oe 10; CME Z7 236 m 30 — 2;30 Dosey os 30 —3 2 TR 16;30 m 18 — 1;30 6, e17 330 Ag: — 1;30 Se te Su 26 — 2;30 8 = 25;30 Ty 2530 —7 Hie a6 about 11> a.m. M tmp 22 TR 23 Gy 85 12230 Cet 520 — 2;50 * The equation of center is found to be about —5°. ° Sagittarius is a house of Jupiter. * According to CCAG 1 p. 165,16 all signs from to mM are “dry ” with the only exception of %. * For the importance of the moon cf. CCAG 1 p. 100,21 to 23 and CCAG 8.3 p. 98 note 1. * The meaning of this passage is perhaps: both Venus and moon are in dry signs, Venus in aspect with Mars, the moon in aspect with Saturn. ® The iad inserted by Kroll should be eliminated. »° At the Hellespont; cf. the Commentary. 1 rhés occurs in Vettius Valens for “ composition, computa- tion” of a table (e.g., p. 24,18 and p. 295,3 and 4 “ computation of Table I”). +?“ Equi-zonal signs” are defined in CCAG 1 p. 153,27. Cf. also P. Mich. 149, XVI where we find the same zonal arrange- ment explained as based on the planetary houses; thus = and & are associated, and Mm and {°. What is meant is probably that the moon moved from = into MT while Mars had retrograded from: © into WF: ** Incorrectly stated as a.p. 475 in CCAG 1 p. 102 note. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L474—No. L478 Note that all planetary positions are given in the text with an accuracy of 4 degree. Of interest is the de- termination of M. Using the Handy Tables of Theon one finds for M in clima 4 (Rhodes, ¢ = 36) tT 20 and for clima 5 (Hellespont, ¢=40;56) mt 23;30. Since Abydos on the Hellespont has a latitude of ¢ = 40 the value ™ 22 can be explained as the result of interpolation (accurately m 22;50). No. L 475 CCAG 1, p. 103,1 to 30 TRANSLATION 58.1. Inquiry about a Katarche concerning fear for a journey to Athens. Year of Diocletian 19[1], month Epiphi (XI) 22, first hour of the day. The sun 21 of Cancer, the moon igor Gemini, Saturn [........ | 17 of Leo, Mercury 6 of Cancer, [....] the ascending node [...] of Gemini. Investigating first of all the Lot of Fortune, I found it in the 12th [locus] which is a very watery sign (%5). And you will find this configuration set forth in the 7th chapter of the xatapyai.? [ There follows a discussion of astrological details from which we quote:] but since the lords of the hour ( ¥% *) and of the moon (© *) were in apoklima, they indicated that the inquiry was about foreign (places®). I said that they suggested danger and loss and damage because Mars and Saturn were in the Horoscopos. And again ees = ] because of the presence of Venus (in SU) and because of the moon contacting (the quartile of 2) toward Jupiter, they had fallen into trouble and, given 15 [days ?], they were saved. [In the following discus- sion, which also quotes Dorotheus, it is shown what the ship must have carried, e.g., four-footed animals—and indeed it brought camels.| Observing the diametrical and the quartile position of the moon,® to be such that the sun would come to its own house (From diagram in Vindob. (unpublished). “From Ar = )a— (Aq — Ap) = 8 28 — 5*25° = #3 it fol- lows either that only signs were counted (Ar = 6 —6*°=M) or that Ag = Ty 14 is an error for TR4 (thus Ar = M 23) as is suggested by computation (cf. note 18). ° The sun (in TM) in trine, the moon (in }) in sextile. ° Taurus is a house of Venus. * The moment of the Katarche falls only a few hours before full moon. At full moon Saturn in M11 is in close “ contact ” with the line from the sun (in M4 or 14) to the moon (in opposition). ® Saturn in 111 (with sun in m4 or 14) is obviously past evening setting but moving toward morning rising. ®° The moon in + 9 is in the terms of Venus. *° Venus was indeed evening star not very long after evening rising. *1 The moon is moving from }# toward Y which is a house of Mars and Mars was in Jf, and hence the next planet to be met by the moon. *2 The moon in ¥ is in quartile to Mars in I. *8 The text has again “ruler of the receiving house.” *4 A house of Jupiter is +. *° Cf. CCAG 6 p. 63 note 1 LITERARY SOURGES: No. L 478 — No. L479 horoscopes 7° collected by Palchus. Their dates in chronological order are (II) 478Aug.29 theft (VI) 479July14 — shipfrom Alexandria to Smyrna (III) 483 July8 taming of a little lion (IV) - 484 July 18 coronation of Leontius (V) 486 March17 Theodoros, praefect of Alexan- dria (1) 487 Sept. 5 incorrect prediction concerning a letter where the roman numbers in (_ ) indicate the arrange- ment in a manuscript in Vienna.!7 The date of the earliest one, translated above, is given as Diocletian 195 Thoth (1) 1 to 2478 August 29, 4th hour of night. For it one finds Text Computed Text—comp. © in, 14 m 7 +718 C 49 % Il —2 peace i m 14 —3 20) x 26 mx 28 —2 & » [au] %e20 We 22 —2 2 tm 24 Mm 28 —4 % S18 Susie —1 Ee eoece about 11 P.M. VO ee correct for Syene Sau eal 29 40 No. L 479 CCAG 1 p. 103/104, including variants from Cod. Vindob. 1, fol. 300”/301" (CCAG 6 p. 14) TRANSLATION + 59.2. Another * inquiry, in Smyrna regarding fear about a ship; for it was expected long before to arrive from Alexandria and had not arrived. Year of Diocletian 195 * Epiphi (XI) 20, 3rd hour of the day, Saturday. Sun Cancer 19, moon Scorpio 16, Saturn Virgo 16, Mars Virgo 18, Jupiter Aquarius 8, Venus Gemini 6, Mercury Leo 4,° retrograde, Horo- *® As a seventh example is added the horoscope of Hadrian (No. L 76), from an older collection. *7 Cf. CCAG 6 p. 14 (F. 292 v.). * Cf. note 4; the emendation 714 would lead to the expected deviation of — 3. 7? Text and diagram give uses correctly JL. but the astrological discussion No. L 479 *In general we follow the text published in CCAG 1 (F). *From Palchus (cf. CCAG 1, p. 53F. 193). He is not men- tioned in the manuscript V which assigns the number 164 to this chapter. ° This is a reference to No. L 475. “V, incorrectly, 190. Cf. also No. L 475. ° Text and diagram (unpublished) in V give §. 6 where the LITERARY SOURCES: No. L479 scopos Virgo 2,® Midheaven Taurus 26,” ascending node Aries 11, {conjunction 25 11}, Lot of Fortune Sagit- tarius 29.° 1° Taking the ruler of the day (and of the first hour) and the ruler of the (3rd) hour — Saturn and Mars ?+—and again having observed Saturn and Mars to be in the Horoscopos (™) and the moon moving toward Saturn,? hence I said that the ship had met with a great storm, but that it was saved because Venus (in 3) in Midheaven * and moon (in ™) were in aspect to Jupiter (in ) and the moon’s ** (position on the) seventh day was moving away from }* Jupiter *4 and its ** dodecatemorion was also moving away from *° Jupiter.1® And that the problem of the Katarche con- cerned a ship out of sight, observe that the Lot of Fortune was in Sagittarius, with which Argo rises; *" and furthermore, the ruler (2£) of it (Argo)?® was in a very watery sign (4). Having observed that the Horoscopos was in a bicorporeal sign (1) {and that the ruler of the Horoscopos ( ¥ )?® was retrograde, and the ruler of Midheaven (8 ),?° Venus, was in a bicor- poreal sign (1 )} 7+ and the ruler (2£)1® of the (Lot of) Fortune (in #) was in a bicorporeal sign ?? and (the planet) which receives the ruler of the Lot of For- tune ** was in a bicorporeal sign {and the house ruler of the moon (é¢) was in a bicorporeal sign (1) }?? I said that they would change from ship to ship. And editors of CCAG 1 p. 104,2 assume a lacuna and then read bu (7eKds). ®V, incorrectly: 12; cf. note 9 and note 7. * The diagram of V gives & 7, the text 7 only, leaving a blank space for the zodiacal sign. For H =1p12 (cf. the preceding note) one would obtain M = Xf 8;30 but never & 7. * Omitted in F. °*From Ar = 12+ (m 16—2%19) =m2+117= #29. *°'V adds here the sentence “ Midheaven falls either in the 9th locus (counting by degrees) or in the tenth” (counting by signs). ** This is correct as is seen from the fact that the day in question is a Saturday, which means that Saturn is the ruler of the first hour, to be followed by Jupiter, Mars, the sun, etc. *? Saturn was in Tp, Jupiter in **; thus the moon in M™ is approaching 2, not b. *8 Following the text of V: a’rjc amo instead of airay mpos in F (CCAG 1 p. 104,8) ; cf. note 15. *4 Seven days later (July 21) the moon is in about * 17, thus past Jupiter in ~ 8. *©V has here ai’rhs madi pépecdar dwo for ab’rav mpds in F (p. 104,9) ; cf. note 13. *® The dodecatemorion of the moon (in M16) is & 28, thus beyond Jupiter (in ~ 8). Be OpyNon ts 118: *8 Argo rises with Sagittarius and Sagittarius is a house of Jupiter. 7° Virgo is a house of Mercury. °° Taurus is a house of Venus. 21 Omitted in V. *2 This is an error because * is not a bicorporeal sign. It is the Lot of Fortune itself which is located in a bicorporeal sign (2). °° The ruler of the Lot of Fortune, Jupiter, is in *%, a house of Saturn. Thus Saturn is the planet which receives Jupiter, and Saturn is in Tp, a bicorporeal sign. 145 because Virgo ** was a winged sign and also > Sagit- tarius *° I said they were bringing some feathered things with them. And because the moon was in the {house of Mars (Mm) and} *! terms of Mercury I said they were probably bringing books and papyrus with them and some bronze objects because of Scorpio. Having noted that Asclepius ** was rising with the moon (in m) I said that they were bringing medical implements with them. And (as to) when it ought to come, I said the moon would be in Aquarius {or Pisces; in because of its (the moon’s position on the) seventh day 78 and because the Lot of Fortune (in 7) was moving *° toward Jupi- ter (in <”) ; in because of its motion toward its own house ruler.*° And they arrived on the 8th day (the moon being) in .2“} *4 and being asked they spoke {about the delay and said that there was an upheaval at sea,} 2? and, as the sea parted, the rudder ** struck a rock and was broken and they were greatly driven by the storm. Having reached a harbor ** they transferred the cargo to another ship on which they came, bringing, indeed, ostrich feathers and plain papyrus, because Mercury was retrograde, and cooking implements, because of Scorpio, and a shipload of medical supplies, because of Asclepius and Hygeia.?? COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 For Diocletian 195 Epiphi (XI) 20 = ap. 479 July 14 °° 9 a.m. one finds Text— Text Computed comp. (2.20 “12 cae 22 —3 « -m 16 m 19 —3 De hy slo ™m 20 —4 é m 18 m 10 +8 fm 6S ao 10 —2 o* 2,6 Tas —2 8 S 4retrogr. Su 10 retrogr. —6 *4 Following V; F has here Venus. 22V: wal; F: ward. °° For this classification cf. CCAG 1 p. 166,31 f. *7 Both Asclepius and Hygeia are equivalent names for Ophiu- chus. Cf, eg., Gundel, AT p. 65,181: “Ab octavo usque ad decimum (gradum Scorpionis) Ophiuchus et Aesculapius et Sanitas et duo Dracones perplexi.”’ Furthermore Gundel in RE 18,1 col. 661,10-50 and 662,56-663,13. 8'Cf. mote 14: * With increasing elongation X\¢@—Apo, the Lot of Fortune moves in the direction of increasing longitudes. °° The Lot of Fortune is in 7, a house of Jupiter, and it moves (cf. the preceding note) toward Jupiter (in *) whose second house is 3. ** Omitted in F. ** Following V; F has a slightly different version. 8° “The rudder of the ship”: V. 4 Stopping place” (évéuoy) : V. *°In CCAG 1 p. 103 incorrectly given as a.p. 480(!) July 15(!). 146 LITERARY SOURGES: Text— Dext Computed comp. Hap 2 3° day about 9 A.M. M »8& 26 correct for Byzant. ee ile i) —2 prec.conj. % 11 July Seco —2 No. L 482 CCAG 8,1 p. 240,17 to'28 TRANSLATION As:1 sun 29:43 2 of Pisces, terms of Saturn, moon 6 of Libra, terms of Saturn,? Saturn 25 of Libra, terms of Venus, Jupiter 28 of Aries,* terms of Saturn, Mars 29 of Pisces, terms of Saturn, Venus 15 of Taurus, terms of Jupiter, Mercury 20 of Pisces, terms of Mars, Horoscopos 6 of Virgo, terms of Mercury, Midheaven 2 of Gemini, terms of Mercury, Lot of Fortune 12 of Pisces,® terms of Venus.® We find Saturn receiving, in its terms only, sun and moon; and in its terms and triangle and exaltation sun (in 3%), Mars (in x), Mercury (in ¥%); in triangle the Horoscopos.’ Then Saturn and Venus will be house rulers, that is Saturn ruling and Venus ruling with him, and the two according to the horimaia ® each one forecast death. And this is in the 4th chapter ® on non-viables.*° COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 For 482. March 21 one finds Text Computed Text—comp. © % 29;43 iy We —2 C 23 0) “= 8 —2 b == 25 = 29 sits i 1From Rhetorius, in a chapter (No. 19) entitled “On nativi- ties having no house ruler, according to Valens.” 2 The edition has 20 ;43 but the photo of P shows clearly 29 ;43. ®Libra 6 is the boundary between the terms of Saturn and Mercury; cf. the commentary to No. 46. 4The edition has Taurus but both computation and “terms ” require Aries. The photo of P shows a sign which is definitely HOt ton DU alee ®From Ar = 16 + (*%6 — ¥ 29343) = 9€123;17 = 9 12. The edition has incorrectly 3 2. ® Venus omitted in the edition though given in text. Pisces 12 is the upper boundary of the terms of Venus; cf. note 3. 7 The text seems confused. Probably it was stated that © ¢ % (in 3%) were in,a triangle (3€ 25) of Venus and in the sign of the exaltation of Venus (3€) and that the Horoscopos (in M™) was also in a triangle (mm V3 8) of Venus. 8 Cf. Tetrabiblos 11,10 Robbins p. 280 =III,11 Boll-Boer p. 132,18; Vettius Valens p. 146,32 and p. 342,12; Bouché-Leclercgq, AG p. 413 f. ° Cf. the note of the editors. Still-born or non-viables are mentioned in Vettius Valens 1,24 (p. 53,25). Cf. also Cumont, Lux perpetua, p. 309 ff. 1° That is, infants who live less than one year (cf. Tetrabiblos III,9 ed. Robbins p. 265 =I1I,10 ed. Boll-Boer p. 126). No. L 479— No. L483 Text— Text Computed comp. 2 Pe Zs ope OO —2 8 he ae pie Lot —2 2 Sas curls —3 fe} 3€, 20 * 19 +1 Isl 2 about 5 P.M. M mm 82 correct for Hellesp. No. L 483 CCAG 6 p. 65,22 to p. 66,15 TRANSLATION About a small lion, whether he will be tamed.* Year of Diocletian 199, Epiphi [1]4,1 1st hour of the day. The sun in Libra? 18, moon in Aquarius 10, Saturn in Scorpio 11, Jupiter in Gemini 19, Mars in Libra 6, Venus in Leo 7, Mercury in Cancer 18, Horo- scopos in Leo 2, Midheaven in Aries 24, ascending node in Capricorn 23, (preceding) full moon in Capricorn 11, Lot of Fortune in Aquarius 29. The Horoscopos ($v) indicated the kind of animal, also the dodekatemoria of the Horoscopos,* sun (in 25°) and moon (in 4) and Mars (in +) falling in four-footed signs ° showed that the Katarche was about animals. And Venus being in the Horoscopos (sv) and Jupiter (in 3) in the (11th locus) Agathos Daimon, about to receive the contact of the moon’ indicated tameness; and especially the third(?) of the moon and the seventh(?) from Venus — all this showed that it would be tamed and brought up with man; and that the moon and the Lot of Fortune happened to be in the setting sign (<”) showed that it would go abroad on a ship because the setting sign was watery. And that the moon (in ’) had left contact with Venus (in 6v)® to make contact with Jupiter (in x )* joined the fortunes of the sender and the receiver ; * From Palchus. 1 The text has ewig: 5 instead of emigre 16. The year is given only by P. ? Error for Cancer; also in the (unpublished) diagram in V. The emendation Cancer follows e.g., from the position of the full moon, the hour, etc.; cf. also note 3. *From Ap = An + Ag—Ao) = 9.2 + 6°22" = ae 24 ihe number of the text, 29, is perhaps caused by using mistakenly 6L 9, the place of Venus, instead of H = §\ 2. For the sun the correct longitude 2518, was used. + Because it is §. 26, thus again in Leo. 5 Cf. note 2. * According to CCAG 1 p. 166,10 the “ four-footed” signs are 7”, 8, Si, and #. Thus, neither the sun (in 256) nor the moon (in *”) nor Mars (in +) is located in a four-footed sign. The dodecatemoria fall in * for the correct solar position, in & for the erroneous position (+18), in I and # for moon and Mars respectively. ; * The quartile of Jupiter (3€) will be “connected” (cf. p. 157) by the moon. ®*“ Contact” is in the case of Venus understood as contact with the diameter from $. 7 (@) to *% 7; for Jupiter cf. note 7. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L483—No. L 484 for the sender was to become consul and the receiver was consul. COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 For Diocletian 199 Epiphi (XI) [1]4—a.p. 483 July 8 one obtains Text— Text Computed comp © Pea is oS 16 +2 C ee WO ea: —4 b iil | m 4 +7 2 re whe) x 20 == Il 3} = 6 = & —2 fe) Guu 7 i WZ ==5 g Soe LS oS 24 —6 H oe 2 1) day about 7 a.M. M ye 24 correct for Alex. Q vs 23 vs 25;44 — 2;40 fullmoon vs 11 July 6 2 a.m. v3 14 —3 The consul of the year 483 was Anicius Acilius Agina- tius Faustus (cf. RE 6,2 col. 2094, No. 20) in the West, Flavius Trocondus in the East (Grumel, Chron. p. 352). For related horoscopes cf. No. L 478. No. L 484 CCAG 1 p. 107 f. and CCAG 6 p. 66,16 to p. 67,7 TRANSLATION 17 {Katarche * of Leontius crowned at Antioch.* This person taking a Katarche from two astrologers was crowned and immediately expelled from kingship and fortune.} ? Year of Diocletian [200] month Epiphi (X1) 24, beginning of the first hour of daylight,* sun in Cancer 23,5 moon in Scorpio ® 7, Saturn in Scorpio 15, Jupiter in Cancer 5,’ Mars in Cancer 20,’ Venus in Gemini 26,2 Mercury in Leo 19, Horoscopos in Cancer 23, Midheaven in Aries ...,° ascending node*® in Capricorn 14, conjunction in Cancer, Lot of Fortune in Scorpio 17,1 Daimon in Aries,’? the exaltation {of 1 Following, in general, CCAG 6. Cf. also the translation in Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 514 ff. The Vindob. gives a diagram (unpublished). 2CCAG 1: § 88 in Palchus. SHronuCCAG 1. 4Correct in CCAG 1, meaningless “beginning 11th day” in CCAG 6. 5 CCAG 1: 2 (f) and 6. ®° CCAG 1 gives erroneously Cancer (as for the sun). 7 Computation suggests the interchanging of these two numbers ; cf. the commentary. SCGAG Vs027: ® About VY 9 would be correct for Rhodes. 1° CCAG 1 erroneously : descending node. 11 Error for 7 since Ar = %23+ (M7—%23) =m/7. If sun and H coincide then also the moon (in M7) and the Lot of Fortune must fall together. And one cannot change the moon’s 147 the nativity} * in Aries.** Those who gave the Katarche were much misled by the sun and Jupiter and Mars being in the Horoscopos (25) and Mercury in epana- phora (Sv) and the moon (in ™) being in (the 5th locus) Agathe Tyche towards Saturn (in m) and Jupiter ** (in 95). But they did not turn (their atten- tion) first to (the fact that) Mercury (in $v), the ruler of day and hour,*® had fallen into passivity, for it had its greatest elongation from the sun *® and was in aspect only *7 to Saturn (in ™). And this indicates violent death. For Venus (in %) alone* was not able to relieve (the passivity), for the sun (in %) radiated in between. And further I observed ?® that the moon, being ruler of the sun and of the Horoscopos and of Jupiter and Mars and of the (preceding) conjunction (all in 25 *°), was in depression (in TM) and in (the 12th locus) Bad Daimon.?° In order that none of these schemata should be effective it did not suffice(?) that sun and Horoscopos and Jupiter were together.*+ COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 For Diocletian 200 Epiphi (XI) 24 = 484 July 18, Wednesday, 6 a.M., one finds Text— Text Computed comp. © & 23 %5 26 —3 € Hoe7 ea ge Lay b iti ee) m 14 +1 2f A) Ga 17 —12 [or + 3] $ % 20 7 +13 [or — 2] g pt eee x 28 —2 fe} Sule Suazo —4 H ooo about 6 A.M. £2 vs 14(!) ys 5;48 +8 prec.conj. % — about July 8: %5 18 position to TM 17 since the Daimon would then be moved to 29 (cf. note 12). “From Ap =An— (Aq —Ae) = % 23—104 = 79. *8 Tf sun and H coincide the exaltation of the nativity is always ital, OP *4 Jupiter (in [%5) is (after Saturn) the next planet to be met by the moon, at which time Venus would have passed Jupiter. For the importance of these “contacts” for a Katarche cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 247 and above No. L 483. *° Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 515 note 2; indeed 484 July 18 was a Wednesday. 7° This is indeed almost exactly the case. *7 Tonoring the moon. 18 CCAG 1: they did not observe. *® The house of the moon. 2° Counted with respect to the Lot of Fortune which coincides with the moon. *t There follows, in support, a quotation from Dorotheus, translated in Bouché-Leclercg, AG p. 516. USE PH 148 The comparison of the text with the computed longi- tudes of Jupiter and Mars suggests the interchange of the degree numbers. Cumont, in his commentary (CCAG 1 p. 107) says that Leontius was crowned in Tarsus (not in Antioch as our horoscope incorrectly says) “anno 483, ut vide- tur.” In his original article concerning this text ?* he discusses the “ incroyable confusion dans la chronologie des événements.” In view of the date of the coronation, 484 July 18, only 484 seems possible! for the reception in Antioch.24 Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 514, following Krumbacher, accepts 484 June 27. Our computation fixes the date as 484 July 18. For related horoscopes cf. No. L478. No. L 486 CCAG 1, p. 100 to 101 * TRANSLATION 31.1. Katarche when Theodoros the augustalian prefect entered Alexandria. He began well and he caused prosperity, he was not a thief and he was truthful and in good repute with the city, but was soon dismissed in disgrace and under punishment for thievery. Year Diocletian 202, month Phamenoth 25,2 Monday, first hour, the sun in 26 of Pisces, the moon in 27 of Capricorn, Saturn in 11 of Sagittarius, Jupiter in 27 of Leo, Mars in 25 of Aries, Venus in 12 of Pisces, Mercury in 23 of Pisces, Horo- scopos in 26 of Aries, Midheaven in 10 of Capricorn, the ascending node in {32(!) of}* Sagittarius, {the descending node in 20 of} * Virgo, the (Lot of) For- tune in 27 of Aquarius. Observe that Mars is in the Horoscopos (in ) and in its own house® and in triangular aspect to Jupiter (in SL) and Saturn (in 7) and that Venus (in ¥ 12) and the (Lot of) Fortune (in 4 27) are in Agathos Daimon * and that the moon is in Midheaven (V9) and that Jupiter (in SL) and Venus (in ¥ 12), the rulers of the city,’ are in epana- phora with respect to the Horoscopos (in 7”). And you will find the first part of his government excellent and efficient and worthy of all praise. But looking for 23 Cumont [12] p. 10 ff. 24 Theophanes gives June 27, 483 (year) or 484 (indictio). Brooks in the Cambr. Med. Hist. I p. 478 note 1 substitutes July for June. No. L 486 *For variants cf. CCAG 6 p. 63 note 1, next to the last paragraph. *From Palchus. ? Sic, instead of 21. 8 Omitted in the Vindob., in the text as well as in the diagram (unpublished). 4From Ar =)\An + (Ag —o) = £ 26— 59 = w 27. 5 Because Aries is a house of Mars. ® The 11th locus is here computed accurately by degrees, not simply by signs. 7 Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 513 note 5. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 484— No. L 486 the house ruler of the (Lot of) Fortune (in ~”) and of the moon (in VS), you will find Saturn ® in apoklima (in #) and fallen under the effect of eclipses,? which caused the overthrow with disgrace. And that he was soon succeeded was caused by Mars and the Horoscopos (in *) and the moon (in V3), (all) happening to be in tropical signs and signs of short rising time.*° And that he was punished was caused first by the ruler ( % ) of the (Lot of) Fortune being in apoklima; {and also Mars of the city caused it, and Jupiter and Venus of the city being in epanaphora to the Horoscopos; and he was obstinate and insolent because of the nature of Mars in the Horoscopos by sect.} * COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 This horoscope, contained in a compilation by Palchus, belongs to the same group as No. L478. It concerns an otherwise unknown praefectus augustalis Aegypti Theodoros. Cumont** drew attention to its historical interest, conjecturing as its date 487 March 23 but adding “les positions sidérales données dans la suite du text permettront de controler ce chiffre hypotheétique.” As usual this caution has been forgotten and conse- quently Theodoros appears as prefect of Egypt for 487 in our handbooks ** without a question mark.** In fact, the horoscope fixes the date at 486 (= Diocletian 202), Monday, March 17: Text— Text Computed comp. © € 26 x 28 —2 C Var V3 29 —2 R ma II am 13 —2 2 SU 27 S22. —2 3g (De PAS aze —3 Q %* 12 ue) 4 8 * 23 * 16 +7 lel sp AG) about 7 ;30 A.M. M V3 10. QR m 32(!) + cf. commentary eC!) m 20 ® Saturn’s houses are ** and V3. ® Saturn is close to the ascending node of the moon. Further- more, there occurred within two months from the Katarche the total solar eclipse of 486 May 19, visible in Alexandria, framed by two lunar eclipses (485 December 7 and 487 April 23). *° Signs with rising times less than 30° are the six signs from V8 to I. +2 This concluding section is obviously corrupt. Wiinsch (CCAG 1 p. 175) suggests deleting the mention of Jupiter and “ omnia intelligentur ” without saying how. For variants cf. CCAG 6 p. 63 bottom. A consistent emendation of the whole passage was suggested by Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 514. *2 Cumont [12] p. 9 ff. 8 E.g.. in R.E. V,A col. 1903 (No. 85). Also Kroll [3] p. 567. *4In fact even for Cumont’s date the suggested reading Pha- menoth 29 is wrong and should be Phamenoth 27, which is a Monday (cf. CCAG 1, p. 100, apparatus to line 3). EPPERARY SOURCES: The date given in the text, Phamenoth (VII) 25, must be corrected to Phamenoth 21. If ¥ 26 is rising, one finds for Alexandria V3 17 culminating; the text gives ys 10. Furthermore: if Y 26 is rising and the sun 1s in 3 26, one finds for Alexandria an interval of 1 ;23" since sunrise (or | ;24 in seasonal hours). Consequently the text should have said “second hour” instead of Seirst hour.’ The data concerning the nodes are obviously wrong: # 32 is in itself impossible and TM 20 is not diametri- cally opposite to any point in #. The correct value for the ascending node would be 7# 3;40, thus 3% 3;40 for the descending node. Probably 1 20 does not refer to the descending node but concerns the preceding full moon, because for 486 March 6 one finds the moon in Mm 20 and the sun almost in opposition (3 17). The text of the Vindobonensis gives only 8 # M which shows the existence of a lacuna, while the diagram gives only 8, without number, in #, and nothing at all in ™. No. L 487 CCAG 1 p. 106/107 and CCAG 6 p. 63,2 to p. 64,25 TRANSLATION 1+ Year of Diocletian 204, month Thoth 7,? Saturday, first hour of daytime,* there were brought distressing letters to a certain person with everything contrary to the expectation of the receiver. The Katarche was found thus: the sun in Virgo degrees 10, the moon Libra degrees 4, Saturn in Sagittarius degrees 5;56, Jupiter in Libra degrees 7355, Mars Capricorn 8, Venus in Leo 8, Mercury in Virgo 25, Horoscopos Libra 0;41,* Midheaven Cancer 0;41,* Lot of Fortune in Libra 25, the ascending node® in Scorpio 2;24. And we found Jupiter in the Horoscopos by degree *® and Venus (in $v) {as ruler ’— namely} * of the Horoscopos {and of the moon and of Jupiter and of the Lot of Fortune — in Agathos Daimon} °® and rising in the morning and *We follow the better version, CCAG 6, quoting significant variants in the notes. The Vindob. gives a diagram (unpub- lished). CCAG 1 gives as title “87. An efficacious Katarche in which I failed and went astray and afterwards finding the reason I marveled at its force. On letters brought.” The num- ber refers to excerpts from Palchus. * CCAG 1 incorrectly 17. * Daytime omitted in CCAG 1. SCCAG I gives 1 (degree): “°From Ar ==-~0;41 + (©4—1p10) = 24;41 ~ = 25. ° CCAG 1 has here the symbol for the descending node (mis- print’). ® Since Jupiter is about 6° distant from H the meaning of this term is not clear. * Because = is a house of Venus; cf. note 9. *CCAG 1 has here a meaningless card. ° We are following here CCAG 1 which states correctly that H, (, 2. and the Lot of Fortune are in = and thus ruled by Venus, which is in §\, the 11th locus or Agathos Daimon. According to CCAG 6 the moon, Jupiter, and the Lot of Fortune would be in the 11th locus. No. L486 — No. L487 149 adding to its numbers '° and in superior aspect to (the position of) the moon on the third (day)*! and we found that its '? dodekatemorion happened to be Scorpio. The associate ruler of the Horoscopos,’* Jupiter, in the Horo- scopos, was also moving forward. And I was misled by these configurations and said that the letter had a fine appearance, but (in fact) they meant the opposite. For afterwards investigating the Katarche accurately, I found that Venus (in SU), house ruler’ of the Katarche, had no claim’ with respect to the Horoscopos (==) ; (nor) the moon and Jupiter and the Lot of Fortune, because they were intercepted * by Mars*® (in V3), according to what Dorotheus says. And I found Mars (in V9) and Saturn (in #) hemming in Mercury (in ™) and the Horoscopos and the moon and Jupiter *° according to what Antigonus teaches. And besides Mars (in v3) was diametrical to Midheaven (in 95) and destructive. Therefore, it is necessary in every Katarche to observe the interception of the sun and the stars and the hem- ming in of the Horoscopos and of the moon and of the star that has a claim to the houserulership of the Katarche. For not only were the Horoscopos and the moon (in ==) hemmed in by Saturn (in #7) and Mars (in V3) but also Venus which had the greater claim in reference to the Katarche; for Mars (in VS) was diametrical to Cancer *7 (M) and Saturn (in #) was in quartile to Virgo (© and 8). Thus nearly all the stars were hemmed in by the two maleficent ones. This configura- tion is mentioned by Antigonus in the sixth nativity of the third book. If you investigate the figure you see Mercury (in MQ) injured by Saturn (in 7) and also located in the 12th locus. COM MENTARY Diagram: pl. 28 For Diocletian 204, Thoth 7 = 48715 September 5, Saturday, first hour of the day, one finds Text— Mest Computed comp. © mo no Mm 13 —3 6:40 —— 2-40 ¢ = 4 wo *® Venus was indeed morning star and in direct motion. ** The moon, after 3 days, would be in ™, thus in quartile to Venus in §.. Cf. for the significance of the 3rd day No. L 40. This might be either Venus (whose dodekatemorion is m 14) or the moon (dodekatemorion M 22). CCAG 1 has airfs, CCAG 6 atrod thus referring to Jupiter, but this is wrong since Jupiter’s dodekatemorion is in Y3. 12. We follow here CCAG 1. Jupiter is “associate ruler” of the Horoscopos because it is in the same sign (=+), the “ruler ” being Venus; cf. note 7. 13 \éyos. 44 Cf. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 251 f. *5 CCAG 1: by Jupiter. +° Omitted in CCAG 1. *7 CCAG 6 has here Libra which is wrong. This whole pas- sage is confused in CCAG 6. *S Not 488 as stated in CCAG 1 p. 106. 150 Text Text Computed comp. Pee EGO A 18) — [2] me = 7:55 = 10 —2 6 ys 8 VSaes 0) Q Sls Su 11 —3 3 mm 25 TR 30 —) H = 0,41 or 1 about 7 A.M. Wi 5 ORNL oie Il correct ?° Gy i =Asae ci, yeu = -5() Probably 5;56 for Saturn is a scribal error for 15;56. The hour cannot be the Ist hour *° of daylight since for'a solar longitude ™10 and for ~1 or 0;41 as Horoscopos one finds a time of at least 1;30 seasonal hours ** after sunrise for any geographical latitude from Alexandria to Byzantium. Thus “ 2nd hour” would be required. No. L 488 CCAG 8,1 p. 235,1 to p. 237,24 TRANSLATION Another? (and) clearer (example) to the same. Clima 6.2 Sun 18;20% of Aries, moon 17 of Gemini, Saturn 11 of Capricorn, Jupiter 19 of Scorpio, Mercury 25 of Aries, Venus 2 of Taurus, Mars 25 of Virgo, Horoscopos 2 of Leo, Midheaven 14 of Aries. Starter then is the sun and receives as chronocrators first Mer- cury, then Venus, then Saturn in trine, then Jupiter at diameter, then Mars in trine, then the moon, then as destroyer Saturn at diameter. Midheaven 14 of Aries, sphaera recta 103 time- degrees. Sun 18 ;20 of Aries, sphaera recta 107. Excess 4 time-degrees. Mercury 25 of Aries, sphaera recta 113. Excess relative to Midheaven 10 time-degrees. Subtract the excess of the sun, 4 time-degrees, remainder 6. But since we ought first to take the (star) which took the nearest lead to the sun, it is evident that the moon had the near(est) lead, by virtue of sextile, for 7 years 6 days. Then Mercury takes over the (next) period. Hours of daytime 16 ;40. Divide these into the 10 of the excess, it makes half of a seasonal hour * which Mercury is distant from Midheaven. 19 Since H practically coincides with the autumnal equinox it is clear without computation that the arc HM must be very close to 90°. 20 Written out: #uepiv mpwt(n). °1 Kquinoctial hours make the discrepancy slightly greater. No. L 488 *Referring to No. L401 which directly precedes this horo- scope. Both are from Rhetorius. 2 Following Rome’s emendation. The manuscripts have Clima 4 as in No. L 401, but clima 6 is required by the values quoted for seasonal hours. ’ Following Rome’s emendation; the manuscripts have 18;5 but later on 18 ;20. * Accurately 0;36 and this value is used in the next paragraph. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L487 — No. L488 Again, Venus 2 of Taurus; sphaera recta 120 time- degrees. Subtract from these the 103 time-degrees of Midheaven, there remains as excess 17. Hours of day- time for (the place of) Venus 17;7. Divide these into the excess, making about 1 seasonal hour, which it (Venus) is distant from Midheaven. (Multiply)® the 0 ;36 © seasonal hours‘ of the distance of Mercury from Midheaven by the 17;7 time-degrees; it makes 10;16. Subtract these from the 17 time-degrees of the excess, remainder 6 ;47 * time-degrees. Thus Mercury will be the ruler of the period for 6 years and 7 months,® that is from the beginning of the 7th year to 11 years 7 months, and then he will transfer (rulership) to Venus.° Again, the trine of Saturn (in V9 11) 11 of Taurus. Sphaera recta 129" time-degrees. Subtract from these the 103 of Midheaven; there remains as excess 26. [Hours of daytime of the trine of Saturn 17 ;39. Divide these into the excess] making 1;301* seasonal hours. Hence the triangle of Saturn is distant from Midheaven 1 and one half seasonal hours. Now again (multiply) the distance of Venus from Midheaven, that is 1 hour, by the hours of daytime of the trine of Saturn, (namely) 17 ;39. And it makes 17 ;39 time-degrees. Subtract this from the excess of Saturn, namely 26. Remainder 8;21. Thus Venus which took over the period from 11 years 7 months will rule 9 years,1* that is until 20 years 7 months. Again, the diameter of Jupiter (in m19) 19 of Taurus. Sphaera recta 136;28. Subtract the 103 time- degrees of Midheaven, There remains as excess 33 ;28. Hours of daytime of the diameter of Jupiter 18 ;7. Divide (these into) the excess, i¢.; 33;28,7* qtummalgesmaegieee seasonal hours. Then the diameter of Jupiter is distant from Midheaven 1 ;11 seasonal hours. Again (multiply) the 1;30 seasonal hours of the distance of Saturn from Midheaven by the hours of daytime of the [diameter ° The editors restore incorrectly [divide]; cf., however, their own note in which they state that 0;36 X 17;7 = 10;16,12 (note the misprint: 1°16’12’’). ° The editors read here 0;37 though they use correctly 0;36 in the note (cf. our note 5). The text has also the correct value o \c’; the critical apparatus ad locum being wrong. "Cf. note 4. ® The codices have here xpdvoe ¢’ fuépar ¢’ which the editors change to the equally meaningless ypévo. ¢’ ufves & obviously because also the subsequent lines give a siglum for “day ” where month is expected. It is, however, not difficult to restore the text because 17 —10;16 = 6;44. Thus we have to read xpévoe cs’ wd’ where »’ = 40 was misinterpreted as uAv, month. ¢’ is an error for 6’. Indeed codex V has here “ signum trigoni” A which represents, however, 6 = 4 and not trine. °6;47 taken as years (or better 6;44) would be 6 years 9 months. *° Cf. the astrological commentary (below p. 152). *t Should be 128 ;29. *” Accurate would be 1;28. ** The text has time-degrees instead of years. But why 9 years instead of 8;21 years = 8 years 4 months? “* The words “into hours [of daytime] ’” make no sense here. +5 Should be 1;47. EI TERARY. SOURCES? No, L488 of] Jupiter (namely) the 18;7. It makes 27 ;10 1° time- degrees. Subtract these from the excess of Jupiter (namely) 33;28. Remainder 6;18.17 Thus the trine of Saturn, beginning at 20 years 7 months, will rule 6 years 5 months 17 days,'* i.e., until 26 years 11 months [17] days. Again, the trine of Mars (in 125) 25 of Taurus. Sphaera recta 142;34. Subtract the 103 time-degrees of Midheaven. There remains as excess 39;34. Hours of daytime of the trine of Mars 18;25. Divide these into the excess; it makes 2;91® seasonal hours. Thus the trine of Mars is 2;9 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Now the diameter of Jupiter was 1;11 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Multiply these by the daylight time-degrees of the trine of Mars, ie., 18;25. It makes 21 ;48 °° time-degrees. Subtract these from the excess, namely 39;34. Remainder 17[ ;46] time-degrees (that is) [17 years] 11 months 9 days.*? But the diameter of Jupiter which began at 26 years [11 months 17 days] will extend until 44 years 10 months 26 days. Again, the moon in Gemini 17. Sphaera recta 165 ;50. Subtract from them the 103 time-degrees of Midheaven. There remains as excess 62;50. The hours of daytime (of the position) of the moon: 19;13. Divide these into the excess; it makes 3;21 [seasonal] hours. Thus the moon is 3;21 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. But the trine of Mars was 2;9 seasonal hours distant from Midheaven. Multiply this by the daylight time- degrees (of the position) of the moon, namely 19;13. It makes 41;19.22 Subtract this from the excess of the moon, namely 62;50. Remainder 21;31 time-degrees. Thus the trine of Mars, which began to rule from the year 45, will end at 66 years 7 months 5 days. Again, the diameter of Saturn (in v3 11) 11 of Cancer. Sphaera recta 192. Subtract 103; excess 89.°* Daylight time-degrees of the diameter of Saturn 19;16. Multiply the distance of the moon from Midheaven, 3;21 hours, by 19;16. It makes 64 time-degrees, 6 months 17 days.** +8 Accurately 27;10,30. Codex V gives 27 only. +7 Codex V gives 6;28 in consequence of the value quoted in note 12. *8 One expects either 0;18 years = 3;36 months = 3 months 18 days instead of 5 months 17 days; or (with the values quoted in the notes 4 and 5) 0;28 years which would be 5 months 18 days. The codices have 5 months 17 days which the editors replace by 4 months 17 days in order to obtain the total given in the text. * Accurately 2;8,54,... 2° Accurately 21 ;47,35. *t Expected: 0;46 years = 9;12 months = 9 months 6 days. *? Accurately 41 ;18,57. °° Text: 79, but 89 is used in the next step. ** Accurately 64 ;32,36. Taking this as years one finds 64 years 6 months 16 days. In fact the result should be 64;33° and then be subtracted from the excess 89 (cf. note 23). The result 24 ;27° counted as years would give 24°5™124 for the rulership of the moon. The final total, given in the text, presupposes an interval 151 Thus the moon which took over the period from 66 years [7 months] 5 days will rule until 26 more years 3 months 12 days, that is up to a total of 92 years 10 months 17 days. Here the diameter of Saturn was destructive and destroyed. ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 19 It can be shown that there is no possibility of placing this horoscope before the third century. Similarly dates after 500 can be excluded, which is consistent with the authorship of Rhetorius. But also within this interval Figure 19. no good solution can be found. Partial agreement is reached for 488 April 2: Text— ext Computed comp. Cees Sor im ()) 18:20 ge IS + 3 Ce snelZ wut 1S ay ie Wel vs 6 +5 zt 119 m 4(!) OF Pere co 0rd ol) e S 2 6 4 —2 6 m25 8 24(!!) Hee oe? about noon M # 14 clima 6: 7° 14 Jupiter and Mars can be placed more correctly for October 11 in the same year (488) : of 26%3™124. The sentence which mentioned the length of the interval has fallen out. 152 ©, ar 14340 but ©. == 20) Gnsteadsai psyr18 55 2m Title 1 3 be “V9 7ak V5 AI $ tT 27 2 m 2i On 2 5 = 4 ee OF If one accepts the variant mM for the longitudes of © and % one finds for 488 November 7 @-m 17 but, @, =e 4weimereaaot ip 25 p WW @ @ we en) 4 2 im 18 Shiites me 25 € + 3 AO mm | A Since all longitudes are extensively used in the astro- logical part, any correction of the text would lead to serious contradictions. Thus it seems as if at least some of the data were arbitrarily chosen to fit the example. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 19 This example for the computation of the length of chronocratorship follows the same pattern as No. L 401 (cf. p. 134). The planets or their aspects are arranged in their relation to Midheaven since Midheaven is the nearest center to the sun. Using the same notation as with No. L401 we have n An O Sextile of © ge 7 lL © pedlseZ0 a 8 p25 3 @ See 4 Trine of b Cael 5 Diameter of 2 6 19 6 Trine of 6 B23 7 € meal7, 8 Diameter of > oe ll. In principle the sun is the “ starter” but, the sextile of the moon being still nearer to M = ( 14, the moon is given a first period of 7¥6¢ without explaining how. Furthermore, the length of this period contradicts the subsequent statement according to which the rulership of Venus (n = 3) begins at 6¥7™(!) and ends after 7¥ at 11¥7™(!). Obviously the whole text up to the discus- sion of Venus is corrupt. In general it must be observed that the replacement of degrees and their fractions by the equivalent number of years and months is in a chaotic stage and, similarly, the adding up of these intervals is almost always wrong. It is surprising to see that while the trivial additions of years and months are mostly wrong, the complicated formula (1) of p. 134 is correctly used from m = 3 on. All values are taken from Theon’s Handy Tables. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L488— No. L497 No. L 497 CCAG 1, p. 171,2 to 14 and CCAG 4, p. 106,6 to p. 109,4 TRANSLATION First Version (CCAG 1) Phote: pio The example of the theme is as follows: let it be the year 214 from the beginning of the reign of Diocletian which is the year 821 from the death of Alexander the Macedonian, first (day) of the Alexandrian month Athyr (III), seasonal hour for Alexandria in Egypt 7;12 of the day. For this time and the said locality, that is Alexandria, we computed accurately the posi- tions of the stars and the centers and put them down without change because thus it seems right to the godly Ptolemaios. Thus the positions of the seven planets and the centers and the lots are as follows:1 ¢% Mm 4;22,? € 8 18:10, 6 24;28, 2 14512 eos 2 {m 21;58, ¥ m 14;32,3 Horoscopos * v 2;12, Mid- heaven * Mm 19;22, (Lot of) Fortune $v 16, Daimon *} ° % 18;24,° full moon? & 3;7, ascending node* Y 16;4. Jf m4;22,° inclined towards the equator® on the circle 1° which passes through its pole towards the south 13;61* degrees; it descends to the south in the third step,’” occupying of this(?) step 4 1% .** Near to it is the fixed star which is between the claws of ™, of magnitude 4. It occupies in longitude ™m 4;46; in lati- tude it occupies in the circle through the middle of the zodiacal (signs) towards the south 1;30. Thus it is +The second version (CCAG 4, p. 106) replaces this whole introduction by one sentence “ The following is the investigation of the seven planets.” For the different manuscripts cf. below p. 188. * Second version; 4;8,50. * Tn the second version this is the last entry preceding the next paragraph which again begins with the sun. * Represented in the manuscript by a siglum. © This whole passage (one line) omitted by the editor. Checked on photo. °From Ar = \n + (A — Ao) = and Ap = dx (A Ao) SS OG respectively. “The manuscript has the abbreviation @€ a which the editor wrongly interpreted as cednvn pos. “The excerpt given in CCAG 1 ends at this point. What follows is based on a photostat of the manuscript, kindly supplied to us by the Laurentian Library. * Written with ligature; cf. CCAG 4, p. 106,10 apparatus. The ¢ printed in CCAG 4, p. 106,11 which follows kixdou makes no sense; perhaps abbreviation for peylorov. Similarly jo MOA ™ This value from the second version; the first version has 3;6 only. “Step” (Sabuds) is in the first version always abbreviated by 8 which is underlined by an s-shaped line. ** Second version: “occupying of the 4th step 30” which makes no sense and is probably a mistake. x 2312 — 166312 —= 6) 16 312 + 166;12 = 25 18;24 PITERARY SOURCES No, 1 497 distant from the ¢ in longitude towards following (longitudes) 0;24, in latitude 1;36. House (of) ¢, terms according to Ptolemy and the Egyptians (of) ¢. Triangle (of) @, partner 6 {and third (partner) ¢. In the exaltation of none, in the depression (of) ¢. tne the first decan,}** in the countenance (of) ¢ ; monomoiria of the moon. € &% 18;10 being distant in latitude from the circle through the middle of the zodiacal (signs) towards north 2;42 north. [For the continuation cf. the follow- ing summary. | SUMMARY OF CONTENTS Cf. also p. 188 In a similar fashion a detailed discussion of the posi- tions of all planets is given, followed by a less complete list for the centers and other significant points. In the following these data are rearranged in groups of equiva- lent elements. A. Positions Wee Ne et? 13-6 Zk 318310 B=+ 2;42 a Rp 24u ze == Gal ie eh m 4;121¢ + 0;35 Dae ols s55 + 1:5 Go © m 21:58 — (0:39 fees im, 14-32 — 1;38 B. Fixed stars. The planetary positions are com- pared with nearby fixed stars for which name, magnitude, longitude and latitude are given and also the differences AX and AB between star and planet. We also compare these data with those given in the Catalogue of Stars of the Almagest.'” 1. Between theclawsofm Ptol.: The southern one *® (of the 3 in the claws) A= ™m 4;46 A=m1;10 8 = — 1;30 B=—1;30 m= 4 m= 4° 2. On the base of the same !?® northern horn of & r B mM a B m elo lG == Or15 24 S12 —Oxlh 4 ** The second version has here: “In the first decan and third the moon, in the exaltation of none, in the depression of the moon.” +5 Omitted in second version. +6 Frroneously given as 2;12 in the second part of the first version; correctly 4;12 in the first part and in the diagram. *7 The same comparison was made by Boll, CCAG 4 p. 100f. *8 Heiberg II p. 108/109,12. *® Heiberg II p. 88/89,8. 1S. 3a. The last of (the stars) at the end of the nostril 2° in the rhomboid quad- rangle of * and (also) at the tip of the nostril of Cetus [v] 636% —7;45 4 3b. The first of the three in the tail of 2/7 = 1540 4. 4, At the tip of the south- ern and left wing of mm m2;36 +0;10 3 5. The southernmost of the two in the buttocks of Su Sv [1]9;56 27 + 9;40 3 SP 17 Gat) same 7? —7;45 4 7723500) 2-1-1-40° 4 same 74 su27 ee 0510 2" 3 same 7° Sv 16;20 +9;40 3 6a. The last of the three same 28 in the body *° of Mm m 18;6 —5:30 3 114-30" — 5330 3 6b. In the right and pos- terior knee of Ophiuchus In the right knee *° m 24;46 + 7;30 3 m7, 210° = 7-30, 3 7. The middle and red- same *! dish one in the body ”° of ™ called Antares iil IOs =—AM ZB M1240 ——4 2 The comparison with the data from the Almagest shows identity of latitudes and magnitudes in all cases whereas the longitudes are consistently 3;36° greater than in the Almagest. Using Ptolemy’s value of one degree per century for the constant of precession we obtain a time interval of 360 years. Since Ptolemy’s catalogue refers to the beginning of the reign of Antoninus Pius in a.p. 137, we find that the positions in our text correspond to the year 137 + 360 = 497 which is exactly the year of the horoscope. In all cases the text gives the differences AA and AB in longitude and latitude between the fixed star and the planet (or sun or moon) nearby. The numbers are: °° Heiberg IT p. 130/131,3. Cf. also Gundel, RE 11 col. 367,25 ff. * Error for 21;16. The second version is also confused; cf. CCAG 4, p. 107,6 apparatus. ** Heiberg II p. 84/85,10. *° Error for 27 ;26 in both versions. ** Heiberg II p. 102/103,7. *° Heiberg II p. 103,7 gives 0;20 but Peters-Knobel PCS p. 38 No. 501 give 0;10 (cf. also p. 24 Table V first group and Heiberg’s apparatus). °° Heiberg II p. 100/101,2. *" The text has here 9;56 only (both versions). ** Heiberg II p. 110/111,8 and 6. °° Both versions write oréuarc (in the mouth) instead of cwmare. °° Heiberg II p. 68/69,12. ** Heiberg II p. 110/111,7. 154 case 1 2 3a 3b Ar + 0;24 +1;6 —3;12 + 2;58 AB 1:36 Dgsyl 4 ;40 * 4:45 4 5 6a 6b 7 + 1;36 + 2;21 —3;52 +2:48 +1;44 0;45 85335 4;51 8;9 2o2e. where Ad is called positive, ‘‘ towards following (longi- tudes),’’ when the longitude of the fixed star is greater than the longitude of the movable body, whereas the differences in latitudes are only given as absolute values. These differences allow us to check the given data; they either agree with the text or confirm the restorations which were made independently on the basis of Ptolemy’s values corrected for precession. In the case of the sun the difference in “ latitude ”’ is actually the sum of lati- tude of the star and declination of the sun. Following longitude and latitude (respectively decli- nation) of sun, moon, and planets the text gives the number of the “ step’ — either “ upgoing”’ or “ down- going ” —and the fraction of this step which is occupied by the planet. Such “steps” are defined by Theon in his Commentary to the Handy Tables.** For the sun each quadrant, bounded by solstices and equinoxes, is divided in six 15° segments, or “ steps,” counted from 1 to 6 in each quadrant. In the present text the sun is in ™4;22 or 34;22° beyond the au- tumnal equinox. Thus the sun is 4;22° inside the 3rd step, “ descending” toward south. Since 4;22° repre- sent a fractional part of 0;17,28 of one step of 15° the text is quite correct in saying that the sun has occupied 1 Yo 1e., 0517 of the 3rd step. For the moon the situation is similar. We know that the ascending node is at Y 16;4, the moon itself at 8 185310, thus 32;6° beyond the node. Again operating with “steps” of 15° each, we can say that the moon is “ascending ”’ in the 3rd step of which it occupies 2 ;6° or 0;8,24. The text gives 49 144 or 0;8,30. For the planets one “step” is defined as %M if M denotes the extremal latitude toward north or toward south, and these steps are counted from 1 to 6 beginning with the nodes or with the points of extremal latitude. The text assigns the following data to the planets b in Ist step upgoing, occupying 440 of this step 2f in 3rd step upgoing, occupying % ¥ of this step é in 2nd step upgoing, occupying % of this step 2 in Ist step downgoing, occupying 4 5 of this step % in 3rd step downgoing, occupying ¥% 49 of this step. *° Second version —3;12,10 and 4w’ = 43? respectively. °° Second version 22 only. *“ This is the so-called “small” commentary of Theon, pub- lished by Halma in vol. I of his edition of the Tables manuelles (Paris, 1822). For the sun cf. p. 54, 22-29, for the moon p. 55, 16, for the planets p. 59, 4-23. LITERARY SOURCES: No«L497 The extremal values M of the planetary latitudes are given in the Handy Tables and in Theon’s Commentary to these tables,*** and thus also the values of the “ steps,” namely 44M, are known.**” For our purposes the fol- lowing values are needed: M eM 73M B b — 356 —0;31 S85) 2 + 2;3 + 0 ;20,30 + 0;35 3S + 4:23 + 0;43,50 +1;5 Q —8;56 — 1-29.20 —0;39 8 —4;18 — 0;43 —1;26 — 1;38 If we compare the given planetary latitudes 8 with the values of the steps we see that » is 0;1° above the southernmost point. Since one step amounts to 0;31 the part 5 = 0;1,56 is occupied by the interval from 31 M top. The text gives instead the fraction 49 =0;1,12. If we proceed in the same fashion for all planets we find for the occupied fractions ’ 24% 0;42,26 text: 4% 4% —0;42 ge Ove text: 4% —0;30 @ 0;33,48 text: 4% 45 —0;24 [femend 4% 45 =0;34| 8 0;16,48 text: % Yo =—0;18. Thus, except for the scribal error in the case of Venus, the agreement between the accurate values and the approximation by unit fraction is reasonably good. We have still to check the numbers given to the steps. From the comparison of 8 with the multiples of 4M one obtains always two possibilities, depending on ap- proach or retreat of the planet with respect to the end- points of the four quadrants. Thus we find b 6th or Ist step 2f Sth or 2nd step 6 5th or 2nd step Q” Othvoy Ist step 8 4th or 3rd step teXte texts text: text: texte Ist upgoing 3rd upgoing 2nd upgoing lst downgoing 3rd downgoing. Except for Jupiter the counting of the text does not contradict the results obtained by using B only. To find the trend of the motion we should know whether it took into consideration only the deferent or the epicycle or both. Our material seems not to suffice to distinguish between these possibilities. The information concerning the positions of the planets is followed by remarks about their motion. We *48 Halma, Tab. Man. III p. 1-10 and I p. 59, 14-23. Better than Halma’s printed text are the manuscripts Cod. Vat. 1291 fol. 78" — 82" and Vat. Gr. 208 fol. 84” 30-35 respectively (both unpublished). *4> The values of the steps are given at the foot of the tables of the planetary latitudes in the Handy Tables. These numbers are badly garbled in Halma’s edition but correctly given in Vat. Gr. 1291 fol. 78" — 82v. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L497 quote them here as given in the text and refer to the Commentary for discussion. b® retrograding from the first station, visible in the evening, being in opposition ** for many days 2f not progressing, being in the first station,*® visible in the morning é not progressing, being in the first station, visible in the morning 2 not progressing, being in the first station, visible in the evening, having made its evening rising many days before ** % not progressing, being in the first station, invisible in the evening, tending towards evening rising ** within 4 days. About “the preceding full moon” it is said that it happened “ according to the Alexandrian Phaophi (11) 30, seasonal *® hours of daylight 6 ;20.” The relative positions with respect to fixed stars are only given for sun, moon, and planets. The astrological data, houses, terms, etc., are mentioned also for the preceding full moon, for H and M, and for the Lots of Fortune and Daimon. Table 12 gives the whole list. An a erms House Triangle | Ex. Depr.| Dec. Pros.| Mon, mM i |x: 4,22 22 B 18,10 YT 24, 28 Mm 4,12 Q 17,35 ™ 21,58 m 14; 32 ) Any SR 2,12 m™ 19,22 a 16,0 & 18,24 ~ eH SS ey jw = ee o ~— “S Ful SE a IX) A Lot of F Lot of D. A oad 8 (0) S o” 2g Ba a” (a) € WP OWMOIWHPOMAQ OMS QAsaAQAAAUHA 40 % A ABER LZ: empty space indicates omission by the text whereas “__” indicates a special remark in the text that no planet has its exaltation or depression in this sign.*° mie® houses j are all ayaby tux (7) On 76 kaky TUX (7) 7. dvve (v) 8 apyos 9 9 eds 10 10 pb (ecou ) p(avypa) 1 ayaO(os) Saipo(v) 12 kakos daipo(y). The number of the third locus is omitted and the mean- *“P. 51£., identical with Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 211. “ P. 106/107 for 6, Lot of Fortune, and M. *° They are enumerated in the text as rpéywv, weroxh and Tplrov (or rpirns). 156 LITERARY SOURCES: No. L497 app oy ore: LD apap ort lle - podem Csanpoo’ ok pi tys pépoo bid fp 0 SN bur ere pew TS De COM LA TOU fe A LA : Ficure 20. ing of the first 4(?) is doubtful since it is a ligature of 8 and uc (as in 8a). The symbol for ” on the division line between second and third locus is also strange. In the third locus we find the ascending node, Saturn, full moon, and moon. The 6th locus contains the Lot of Daimon (Sv 18;24) while the Lot of Fortune is in the 7th locus (sv 16;0), together with Mars and Jupiter. The 9th locus is occupied by the descending node, the sun and Mercury, the 10th by Venus. ASTRONOMICAL. COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 20 and pl. 29 The date of this horoscope is 497 October 28, which is the equivalent of the date given in the text, Diocletian 214, Athyr (IIT) 1, and is confirmed by computation.** 4“ We have here used P. V. Neugebauer, Tafeln sur astro- nomischen Chronologie II. Text QO rA=—=M 4:22. * §=—1356 C A= 8 18310 pe gt adhe) b A= ¥ 24;28 B=— 355 au A= 4512 B=-+ 0;35 8 A = 17 335 B=+ 155 Q A= m™ 21;58 B=— 0;39 8 A= M 14;32 B=— 1;38 2 A= ¥ 16;4 Computed me 720 Shs Ore wWaonmrorn w O ON o 3|/3a/34+°0+3 ok me W efiGeoto-: Kau AAA BCU * ue yap oes End Nowouey: - Text—comp. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L497 — No. L516 If we assume that — 2 ;30° is the correction for preces- sion then we see that the errors of the planetary posi- tions are as much as about 1° only for Venus and Mer- cury in longitude whereas the latitudes deviate *4° only for Jupiter and Mars and are otherwise quite small. The further statement (cf. p. 155) that Saturn is retrograde and near opposition is obviously correct. All four remaining planets are said to be in their first station. In fact, Jupiter is about two months before this point, Mars almost twice as much. Mercury is said to be shortly before evening rising. The scribe should have realized that this implies greatest direct motion and thus excludes being stationary. In fact, Mercury is not 4 days but about 12 days before evening rising (Nov. 10).#° Venus is evening star, about three weeks after evening rising (about Sept. 19). As culminating point the text gives m 19;22 for = “2;12. The same result is found from Theon’s tables. The preceding full moon is said to have occurred on Phaophi (II) 30 at 6;20 in seasonal hours of daylight, in 8 3;7. The moment in question (Oct. 27, noon) precedes the moment of the horoscope by only 25 hours. For this interval the text implies a solar motion from m 3;7 to m 4;22, thus of 1 ;15°, and a lunar motion from 8 3;7 to & 18;10, thus of 15;3°. Modern computation for Oct. 27 noon gives for the sun a longitude of M 5;55 which corresponds to a motion of 1 ;5°, and for the moon 8 7;58 corresponding to 13;17° motion. This also shows that we should place the opposition about 4 hours earlier. No. L 516 CCAG 8,1 p. 231,5 to 31 TRANSLATION Horoscopos 12 of Taurus,' Midheaven 23;30 of Capricorn, clima 5. The sun 12 of Taurus, the moon 30 of Libra, Mars 18 of Taurus, Mercury 21 of Taurus, Venus 20 of Libra.” I investigate the starting of the moon,® which is in Libra 30, and when it contacts each *© Using the Tafeln zur Berechnung der jahrlichen Auf- und Untergange der Planeten, by P. V. Neugebauer, AN 264 (1938) col. 313-322. No. L 516 1 This is the correct reading of codex V. Codex P: Aries. Cf. also other fragments of the same horoscope: CCAG Gil jo, CaS, Wel = toy TRUNKS M = ¥3 23 p. 227,19f H=%ll M = ¥3 23 DareZ9,13 H = 6 12 M = ¥3 23 Decors IMC = 25 23 The author is Rhetorius. * This is obviously impossible if the sun is in Taurus. The fragment p. 227,19 f. gives I 21 which is intrine to = 2[1]. One could also think of the diametrical position ? 20. Computation confirms neither one of these possibilities (resulting in 7 0°). It is also suspicious that Venus is omitted from the astrological discussion. ° This means: the moon is the “c starter.” 137 of them as follows: Lower Midheaven Cancer 23 ;30. Sphaera recta 205 ;26 time-degrees. The moon in 30 of Libra, sphaera recta 297.4 Excess 91534. Seasonal hours of the night (of the position) of the moon 16;43. Divide the 91;34 by the 16;43. It makes about 5% seasonal hours.® So much is the moon distant from the lower center. One must now find when the moon makes the con- nection with the diameter of the sun. The diameter of the sun is 12 of Scorpio. Rising time of sphaera recta 309 ;28. Lower Midheaven Cancer 23 ;30. Sphaera recta 205 ;26. Excess 104;2. Time-degrees (of the diameter) of the sun 17;21. Multiply this 17;21 by the 5;28 seasonal hours. It makes 94 ;37 time-degrees.® Subtract these from the 104;2. Remainder 9;25. I then say that the moon connected with the sun in diameter at 9 years and about 2 months.” Again, Mars in Scorpio 18 according to diameter. Sphaera recta 315;28. Excess over Lower Midheaven (205 ;26) 110;2. Time-degrees of daylight * (of the position) of Mars 17;38. This multiplied by the 5% seasonal hours of the distance of the moon (from IMC) makes 97 time-degrees.® Subtract this from the 110;2. Remainder 13. I then say that the moon connected with Mars and after these 13 years Mars took from it (the moon) the period and became chronocrator. Again, the diameter of Mercury 21 of Scorpio. Sphaera recta 318;29. And with Lower Midheaven are culmi- nating 205 ;26 time-degrees. Excess 113 ;3. Time-degrees of daylight * (of the position) of Mercury 17;46. This multiplied by the 5% hours. It makes 97 ;43.1° Sub- tract this from 113;3. Remainder 15;20. Declare then that the moon contacts with the Diameter of Mercury at 19 years 4 months.'4 ASTRONOMICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 29 From the incomplete data of this horoscope one can nevertheless deduce as a plausible date 516 May 1, in agreement with the time of Rhetorius. ext Computed Text—comp. H A about sunrise I\Y enn a6 6 )0) climes 2 Vay S810) © % 12 8 6) * Sic, instead of 297;50. Note that in the related example CCAG 8,1 p. 230,11 the position of the moon is given as 29 for which a = 296 ;53. ® Accurately ; 5;28,36,.... The value 5;28 is used in the next step. If we had replaced 297 by 297;50 (cf. note 4) we would have obtained here 5;31,38, ... = 5;32. ® Actually 94 350,48. “One would expect 5 months. * Time-degrees of daylight for a certain position is the same as time-degrees of night for the diametrically opposite position. °17;35 - 5330 = 1,36 352,30. +° Exactly equal 17;46 -5;30. Sic, instead of 15 years 4 months. 158 Text Computed Text—comp. € = 30 = 26 +4 é 6 18 8 19 i 3 Al % 18 + 3 ante |=? 20 UG) TVs oe" 25.50 The omission of Jupiter and Saturn deprives us of the most important element for a definitive date. The in- complete example of CCAG 8,1 p. 229,14 which also uses clima 5, H= & 12, M= v3 23 places Jupiter in % 11. In May 516 Jupiter was, however, in eS Thus we must assume that either the two examples are independent, or that we are dealing with a fictitious example, as probably is the case also with Nos. L 401 and L 488 from Rhetorius. ASTROLOGICAL COMMENTARY Diagram: fig. 21 We have here the same procedure for determining the duration of chronocratorship as in No. L 401. We begin again with the moon. This time, however, the next FIGURE 21. center to be reached by the moon in its daily rotation is Lower Midheaven (IMC = M). Consequently, one now defines as “ distance” of the moon from M 1 (1) ha) where h(A) =h(A-+ 180) represents the length of a seasonal hour of the night for a solar longitude X or, which is the same, the length of a seasonal hour of day- Ai = (a(A1) —a(M)) 12 The text gives the diametrically opposite sign =. LITERARY SOURCES: No. L 516— No. L621 light for a solar longitude X =A - 180. For the posi- tions which follow the moon (7 = 2) we have (2), By =(a(A4) a) (a2) = a) Fo n—1 (cj; No. E40) p.l34 yr In our specific example we have n An a(An) — -h(An) Pla x: 30 - 297())eeetorss 2 Diameter of © ™ 12 309525 2t 3 Diameter of ¢ M18 315°2897 se 4 Diameter of % ™ 21 318:20 5 iyeaG The values for a and h agree with Theon’s Handy Tables except for a(A,) where 297 is an error for 297 ;50, which, however, affects all subsequent results. The transformation of the final results from degrees and minutes into years and months is again very care- lessly handled—a fact which is equally striking in Nos. L401 and L488 though nothing is involved but the multiplication of the minutes by 12 in order to obtain the number of months. No. L 621 Stephanus, Usener Kl. Schr. III p. 273,10 to p. 275,9 TRANSLATION [After a long introduction on the philosophy of astrology Stephanus reports about the visit of his friend Epiphanius, an Arabic merchant, who told him about a prophet Modyed who promises to his followers “ victory in war, rulership over their enemies, and the pleasures of paradise.” Cause enough for alarm and for astro- logical investigation.]| The aforesaid merchant came to us in the month Thoth, according to the Egyptians, {5, day 3, hour 3}.2 And we find the sun occupying 9;5° in Virgo. Referring this to the astrolabe we found (for the)* 3rd hour of day that the 20th degree of Libra was rising and the 22d degree of Cancer in Midheaven. Similarly the 20th degree of Aries was setting and in Lewer Midheaven-was the 22d degree of Capricorn. * This is indeed a perfect description of the teaching of early Islam. Also about Muhammad’s life Stephanus is well informed. He says (Usener p. 272,10) that the prophet was of the Quraysh tribe and that he appeared in the desert of Yathrib in the month Pharmouthi or April of the year 932 of the era Philip (= ap. 609). Islamic tradition places Muhammad’s first revelation exactly one year later (Ramadan 610). Usener (p. 263) assumes (incorrectly, as it seems to us) that the marginal note in which the year 932 is called ax’ dpyfs @idNérov is an error for the Seleucid era (S.E. 932 = a.p. 621). As name of Muhammad’s father our text gives Ismael, instead of ‘Abd Allah; cf. Theo- phanes, Chronographia I p. 512,1 ed. Classen (Bonn 1839) : ovTos muds yerckwrarns duds Katnyero && "Iouand, viod ’ABpadu. * Cf. Commentary and note 12 there. * The text gives “ we found the 3rd hour of day.” But obviously solar longitude and hour are the data from which H and M were determined. Lit BRARY SOURCES: Nov 621 Oh the misery! alas the change of things! Libra is rising, (being) the exaltation and day-triangle* of Saturn; Saturn itself being in Midheaven, approximately in the very degree of Midheaven and in the terms of Venus,® and Venus itself in Agathos Daimon,® together with the ascending node, and in the sign of Leo. The horoscopic premise then indicates a nation of Saturnian type and a state akin to Venus, rising quickly and mastering many nations; for rising Libra‘ brings servi- tude to all men. Further, Saturn being actually in the South and Venus likewise in the South ® indicate a nation from the South, outstanding in great strength and unrestrained speed and constant motion and of enduring possession, with epic battles and most brilliant deeds of valor and distinguished by a new type of state. And further, because Saturn was high in Midheaven this (nation) has an unrestrained spirit and irrepressible enterprise. And it opposes the nations (belonging to) Jupiter and Mars until it comes to the dominion of the sun; for only the nations (belonging to) the sun are exempt from the yoke of such a nation [etc., making, e.g., Venus responsible for observing the sixth day in Islam.]. It prevails over all Egypt and Libya — Egypt as belonging to Mercury and Libya to Mars — and also Palestine and Syria as belonging to the moon and Mer- cury. It drives the Roman nation from all Syria and the other countries, and subdues, slaughters, and im- prisons Cilicia; and it will completely devastate Cappa- docia, because of Mars. But it will not overwhelm the kingdom of the Romans itself, because of the sun and because of Mars being near Midheaven. And further, because of Mars being in its own depression, that is in Cancer, the nations belonging to Mars will be in depression in the face of this people; but because of Mars itself being in Midheaven, the kingdom of those people under it (Mars) will remain, that is the (king- dom) of the Romans and the Turks and the Khazars and the Bulgars and the like.? Further also because of Jupiter being in his own depression, namely in Capri- corn, the kingdom of the eastern peoples and of the Persians themselves will be entirely suppressed by this nation [etc.]. And all Persia will be subjugated as far as the Indians; and further, because of Jupiter in his own depression and in Lower Midheaven, Armenia and Iberia and Colchis and parts of Scythia, because “This must be the meaning and not “rising at daytime” as Usener’s text has. The diagram of M (Usener p. 321) gives correctly rpiywvov quépas 2. [Usener retained the siglum “6” for juepa]. V says only “ Libra is rising, Saturn’s exaltation and triangle.” ° Cf. Commentary. V says “house of Venus” which is wrong. ®° Correct: Leo is the 11th locus from H ==. “This is a pun, the Greek for “Libra” meaning literally “voke.” ® Saturn is in the meridian and Venus shortly before it. ® This fits exactly the political situation under Leo III (717 to 741). Wee) of Mars. [There follows a long discussion of the loci and of the “ starters,’ ending in detailed “ predictions ” of the events up to the Abbasid period (a.p. 775)? which is obviously the time at which the horoscope was actually written. The predictions which follow about the duration of Islamic power are dictated by wishful thinking and completely wrong. | COMMENTARY Diagram: pl. 29 The elements of this horoscope are badly preserved ; they come from a diagram in two families of manu- scripts, A to M and V, the latter giving rounded-off figures of the first.1* At least two errors (for @ and the Lot of Fortune) are common to both. Computation shows that the horoscope of Islam was taken as of 621 September 1, that is the beginning of the Byzantine year in which the beginning of the first year of the Hijra falls (July 16, 622). The equivalent of 621 September 1 in the Alexandrian calendar is Thoth 4 but the text seems to give either Thoth 5 or 3.” The following comparison shows that September 1 is the only possibility which agrees with the lunar position: Text— ext Computed comp. © “ny “9:5 i il —2° CG Va 12716 vs 10 +2 EN) OG Ue 25,20 — 243 dE V5'520 539 UE PS —24 +9 Usener, p. 259. Cf. also Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 371. +1 For the diagram of the manuscripts A to M (Usener’s nota- tion p. 289)cf. Usener p. 321. In his figure Usener gives 3 Sv 19;50 and again @3 ** 19;50. The text says correctly that the ascending node was in §\. Unfortunately the modern use of the symbols £3 and 23 is exactly opposite to the meaning of these sigla in mediaeval Greek manuscripts. Bouché-Leclercq, AG p. 371 fig. 39 follows the figure of Usener p. 321 with two ex- ceptions: he writes §3 in * 19;50 (which makes both nodes wrong, assuming modern notation) and he omits in the middle field the word jpépas (cf. above note 4). The diagram of V is given in Usener p. 322 and again in Daremberg-Saglio, Dict., art. Zodiacus [Cumont], vol. V, p. 1055, fig. 7594. This diagram contains the following data: ©O m9 ge H =<20 \p) 2 St M 2522 RB 25 24 ve & Ae Ve Kr.T. V3 The ascending node is given by V correctly in Leo while Usener and Daremberg-Saglio substitute the wrong symbol (23) for it, at least if one follows modern usage. *2 Usener takes as text “ Thoth 5, day 3, hour 3” and quotes from V in the apparatus “month Thoth, which is September, day 3, hour 3.” Cedrenus (Unger p. 257) quotes ‘“ September 3 day 5”; this shows that the text was already corrupt in the 11th century. Similarly Const. Porphyrog., Usener p. 257/258 note. **“ Terms of Venus”: wrong in the “ Egyptian System” but correct in the “ Chaldean System” and in the system of Ptolemy (Tetrabiblos 1,20,21 [Robbins] ; 21,22 [Boll-Boer]). 160 ex Text Computed comp. 3} Ge eS il Q 0. SRW 746) [—1] fs) Ty 95 m™m 27(!) ? Ee == "20: 4* about 9 a.m. INL Sy AB clima 5 cr sy, 1950 Gy 2280 — 3;50 otot tm s) 22.9 Forel (a) | Wiaa 2. Venus and the Lot of Fortune were probably entered in the wrong fields of the diagram; ™9;5 for ¥% is a4 SH xaltatOnmo rman ae Ptolemy as well as in the ‘“ Chaldean System.” and in the Egyp- correct; “terms of 2 ”: wrong for tian System as given in the Tetrabiblos, according to which the terms of Venus extend from == 21 to 28, but correct according to Vettius Valens I,3 (p. 16,16 ff. Kroll) who gives the limits LITERARY SOURCES: No. L621 dittography from the solar position. The Lot of Fortune has the right longitude if one emends the longitude of the Horoscopos from == 20 to ~ 18;58. This emenda- tion is confirmed by the fact that H == 20 gives M = &5 23;30 for clima 5 (or % 24 for Byzantium) whereas H = = 19 yields M = So 22°10 ciimiaman mas given in the text (%5 23 for Byzantium). The inac- curacy in the numbers of H and M might be caused by the fact, mentioned in the text,’’ that the position of these points was determined on the astrolabe from the given hour. +19 and 26; “day-triangle of » ”: correct; “decan of b”: extending from = 10 to 20 (cf. Bouché-Leclercqg, AG p. 228). *®© Modern notation; cf. note 11. ** According to Theon: clima 5 £19: a=204;4. Sphaera recta % 22: ao = 203550. 47 Cf. above p. 158. Ill. GENERAL COMMENTS A. CHRONOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION At present we know of 16 Babylonian horoscopes, the earliest of which concerns the date of — 409 April 29 (time of Darius).' The latest cuneiform horoscope is cast for s.E. 243 = — 68 (cf. fig. 22°). Practically con- temporary is the coronation horoscope of Antiochus I of Commagene (— 61), being part of the famous monu- ment on the summit of the Nimrud Dagh. This is the Babylonian -400 — 300 -200 -100 0 100 200 horoscope, as far as known to us, is cast for the coro- nation of the Sasanian King Khosro Andsharwan (531 August 18).* The latest Greek horoscope discussed here professes to be cast for A.v. 621 in order to predict the future of the Islamic empire but was in fact written about 150 years later when the development of Islamic astronomy under the Abbasids begins. We have ex- cluded from this study horoscopes cast during the later 400 500 Demaotic g ~100 0 100 a pears Lee SE WE gs Me 1 : ~100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Arabic i 400 500 600 700 800 Ficure 22. earliest extant Greek horoscope. The earliest horoscopes preserved in Greek literary sources are dated to —/71 and —42. The date of the first Greek horoscope written on papyrus is —9. All Egyptian horoscopes known so far, nine in number,® fall into the interval from — 37 to +93. The bulk of about 180 Greek horoscopes belong to the first five centuries A.p. The earliest Arabic *For the texts known in 1952 cf. Sachs [2]. Several more horoscopes were found by Dr. Sachs in the British Museum. The dates which he established were put at our disposal and are included in the graph of fig. 22. Cf. now Pinches-Sachs, LBAT p. XXXIV. ? Fig. 22 gives the number of horoscopes per decade, each little square represents one horoscope (duplications not counted). * The earliest Demotic horoscope, probably cast for — 37 April 21, was only recently discovered by Professor J. Cerny in a collection of ostraca in Oxford. For five more Demotic ostraca and one horoscope on a coffin lid cf. Neugebauer [1]. Two horoscopes, from the ceiling of a tomb, were published by Petrie, Athribis, London 1908. Byzantine period, since Islamic sources then become of primary importance. The unevenness in the time distribution of Greek horoscopes is primarily due to the large collection of horoscopes by Vettius Valens (second century) and then, secondarily, to the examples contained in the writings of Palchus, Rhetorius, etc. (fifth/sixth cen- tury).° This is clearly shown by the distribution in figure 23 in which the literary sources are separated from the preserved originals (mostly papyri, plus a few graffiti and one ostracon). It is clear that we are limited to accidental finds of texts and to a random preservation of astrological treatises. Nevertheless, the combined graphs of figure *Taqizadeh [1], p. 128 ff. ° The only Latin horoscope, known to us, comes from Firmicus Maternus and was cast for 303 March 14. This date has been established by W. Koch in the Astrolog. Rundschau 23,6 (1931) and again (1935) by Neugebauer [2]. 161 162 22 illustrate clearly the fact of the overwhelming role of the Hellenistic period in the development of astrology. It is equally clear that the original invention belongs to Babylonia ; but it is hardly an accident that we have less than 20 cuneiform horoscopes from a period which has given us well over 1,800 astronomical tablets. With Greek horoscopes the situation is just the reverse. We have barely 20 astronomical documents as compared with about ten times as many horoscopes. It is also clear that Vettius Valens had no material at his disposal which was essentially older than represented by the statistics, however fragmentary, of our papyri. This Fapyri ete. rs Boo on mi ami weaieais : -100 0) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Literary 900 ~100 0 100 200. 300 400 600 700 Sources Greek Horoscopes : Figure 23. supports our hope that the chronological distribution of the material available to us gives a fairly correct picture of the actual facts. B. THE HOROSCOPES IN GENERAL Were it not for an extensive astrological literature, the original horoscopes alone would hardly reveal their purpose to foresee the future of a person or coming events from the initial configuration of the planets. In No. —3 we find an explicit reference to the future: “There are dangers; take care for 40 days because of Mars” and a similar warning for 17(?) months ahead is expressed in No. 138/161. A very vague prediction concludes No. L 142. No. 345 makes a statement about the significance of the data in question for the well-being of the father. All other horoscopes list only factual data or data which are necessary for the astrological investi- gation but are in definite numerical relation with purely astronomical elements. In No. 95 the horoscopic section is continued in a kind of astrological treatise (eventually using the Coptic language) which contains many “ ifs ” and “whens” but obviously leaves any definite con- clusion for the individual in suspense. Many of the literary horoscopes give an extensive analysis of the causal connection between the astronomical data and the recorded events but only ex post facto. The absence of predictions in the literary horoscopes is not surprising since these horoscopes serve as illus- trations or empirical confirmations for the doctrines of the general text. It is, however, of interest to note that men like Vettius Valens must have had large collections GENERAL COMMENTS of case histories at their disposal in order to be able to select suitable examples in support of the doctrines in question. In several instances we find Vettius Valens using the same initial horoscope for the discussion of different phases in the life of the patient. And it cannot be doubted that many of the isolated data quoted by Vettius Valens and in the later astrological literature are taken from actual horoscopes. As an illustration may serve a sequence of examples quoted by Rhetorius which all use H= % 11, M=ys23"7 Perhaps we can recognize even among the papyri the existence of collections of horoscopes. The largest group is formed by the horoscopes of PSI 22, 23, and 24 which concern years between 338 and 385 (376 and 381 in duplicate) and which might be interpreted as a family archive. The same could hold for P. Oxy. 596 (139 and 149) but is rather unlikely for the four horoscopes Nos. 217, 219 II,1, 219 I1,12, and 244 of the magical papyrus Warren 21. The fragment P. Aberd. 126 is perhaps a collection of three horoscopes from the first century A.D. (Nos. 50,1; 50,2; 50,3). Nos 256 sande nemnees Oxy. 1563 and 1476) were written by the same hand and found together. No. 137 exists in duplicate plus a variant, and the graffiti in Dura from 219 reproduce the same horoscope seven times on the same wall, for reasons unknown. The geographical distribution of our sources is very simple: all papyri, one ostracon (No. 207), and one graffito (No. 353) come from Egypt.* The graffiti Nos. 176, 2191, and 250,1 were found in Dura on the upper Euphrates. The monument which gave us the famous Greek horoscope, No. — 61, crowned the summit of the Nimrud Dagh in Commagene. The codices which con- tain the literary horoscopes are, of course, of Byzantine origin, now scattered among the great European libraries. Very little is known about the authors though it may be safely assumed that they lived in Alexandria or the Hellenistic cities of the eastern Mediterranean world. THE NAMES OF THE PLANETS With very few exceptions the horoscopes use the familiar names for the planets xpdvos, Leds etc. The older names daivov: b pacbov: 2 mupoes: 6 pwoddpos: @ otiABov : % occur in only five of the papyri (Nos. 46, 81, 95, 137c and No. 250,2 —the latter presumably written in the third century) and in one graffito from Dura (No. 176). Among the literary horoscopes only the poem of ° Four times in L180 and 120,II; three times in L 75; twice in L74,XI 82 83 113,VII 122,XII. Hephaestion also uses the same data (L380) three times. “CCAG 81 p.-220\ff- * Nothing is known about the origin of the parchment No. 326, now in the Louvre. THe HOROSCOPES UN;GENERAL Manetho (No. 80) uses the old names for Saturn and Jupiter, and Kypris for Venus. The coronation horo- scope of Antiochus of Commagene (No. —61) repre- sents also the archaic terminology.’ Associated with the older planetary names are usually epithets for sun and moon such as “ruler of the world” etc. (Nos. 46, 81, 13/¢). SYMBOLS Only three symbols occur in the papyri: the ligature of w and p for dpa as well as for dpooxeros, the crescent € for the moon and ¢ for the sun.*° No symbols are ever used in the papyri for the planets or for the zodiacal signs. A quite different situation prevails in the codices through which the literary horoscopes are preserved and which were written between five and ten centuries later than the latest extant horoscopes on papyrus. In these Byzantine codices we find not only the above-mentioned symbols in frequent use plus symbols for the planets and the zodiacal signs — though full writing of plane- tary and zodiacal names occurs at all periods — but also an ever increasing number of astrological symbols, e.g., for the aspects, lots, etc. The modern editions of these texts show a complete disregard for such details. It is, e.g., perfectly possible to find a passage like b é& % xf rendered by Kpovos Kapxivov xé’.. Furthermore, if one realizes that the existence of diagrams in the codices is usually not even mentioned in the modern editions, then it is clear that a study of astronomical and astrological symbols could be undertaken only by beginning anew with the manuscripts themselves, a task which would have added years to our work. The following is there- fore taken exclusively from the papyri and graffiti, all of which, with the exception of a few papyri which have been lost since their first publication, we have checked in photographs. The symbols for sun and moon occur only in P. Warren 21 (horoscopes Nos. 217 219 II,1 219 I1,12 and 244) though even this text writes ceAyvn once. A crude lunar crescent is drawn in the graffiti 219,I in Dura. All other texts spell out in full, or occasionally abbreviate, the names of sun, moon, and planets. The ligature $ for the Horoscopos is first attested in a Michigan papyrus from Karanis, concerning the year 182. Unfortunately, the beginning is destroyed so that we do not know how #pa was written. In Nos. 125 and 190 we find @ used for épa while wpockdros is written out. The next instance of the use of the ligature ¢ for the Horoscopos is probably No. 207 (Wilcken, Ostracon 1602) but a check is impossible since the text is now lost. Beginning with P. Warren 21, concerning the Cie ft UGZ *° The modern symbol © for the sun seems first to appear in Renaissance printed books, e.g., Fracastoro. Homocentrica (Venice 1538) p. 50. Copernicus uses it rarely in his manu- script of De Revolutionibus (e.g., fol. 90 to 94, 1274, 143») ; ordinarily he writes sol. 163 years 217, 219, and 244, our symbol is frequently used, often in the same text, for épa and for dépookdmros. In No. 260 we have only the symbol for dpa but épookdzos written out, while Nos. 277 and 283 use the symbol for the hour but call the Horoscopos wpa. In No. 293 VIII wpa is written for hour as well as for Horoscopos while Nos. 326 and 338 give the spelling wpackoros for the latter. From No. 345 on, the symbol ¢ is used commonly for both words. In No. 478 the monogram x + p might have occurred at the beginning of the horoscope if we may rely on the printed text. Unfortunately, the original is lost. DIAGRAMS Diagrams are very rare. Only one papyrus (P. Oxy. 235 = No. 15/22) givesa crude circular diagram. Other- wise, only the graffiti (Dura: 176, 219,1, 250,1 and Abydos: 353) have drawings which represent the circle of the zodiac and its division. In the Byzantine codices diagrams become more frequent (though consistently ignored in CCAG) and are of three types as indicated in figure 24. For a photograph of an example of the ale KX TAS OX Ficure 24. first type cf. figure 20. The second and third types are very common in Latin and Islamic astrological literature. The invocation éyaf) r¥xn at the beginning of a horo- scope is fairly common in papyri from No. 227 on. Before then we find it only at the end of No. 81 and at the beginning of No. 137a. In the duplicate of the latter text (No. 137b) dya6) réyyn edtixe. is written at the end. In No. 81 &eurvye. ends the horoscope proper (end of column VII) ; similarly in Nos. 138/161, 277 and 283. C. ARRANGEMENT OF THE BASIC DATA With the exception of a few elaborate horoscopes the text either consists of or begins with an enumeration of the positions of the celestial bodies. The arrangement of the planets in this enumeration follows definite pat- terns which we shall describe presently. Before doing so, however, we must draw attention to a habit which prevails in the majority of texts which give only zodiacal signs for the planetary positions, that is, no degrees and minutes. If, then, two planets fall in the same sign, they are mentioned together, regardless of any scheme of 164 planetary arrangement. For example, we find in No. L 85,II the arrangement (© 6. @ OS VCC 2) So raria. where all planets in one group (...) fall in the same sign. The underlying pattern to which this text belongs is nevertheless OY © PU Oe wae In the following discussion we disregard all variations of the basic scheme caused by the accidental grouping in the same zodiacal sign.” It is of interest to remark that the Babylonian horo- scopes also modify their standard order of enumeration 2f (Geo eee whenever two planets belong to the same zodiacal sign.” The Babylonian order itself, however, is no longer re- flected in Greek horoscopes, except, probably, the horo- scope of Antiochus of Commagene.”® The few Demotic horoscopes known follow a different principle. After sun and moon the centers and related places are enumerated in a fixed order. The planets are mentioned whenever they happen to coincide with one of the places mentioned.* 1. ORIGINAL SOURCES In enumerating the positions of the seven celestial bodies and of the Horoscopos the papyri follow two major schemes: one is determined by the planetary order ip Me re: the other follows the order of the zodiacal signs. The first class is represented in about two-thirds of our texts and can be divided into two subgroups accord- ing to the position of sun and moon at the beginning or at the end.* The arrangement OuGe pa Sela is the rule for the earlier horoscopes (before 150) ; the order Pires Od is common between 171 and 277; from 320 on a modi- fication appears in which the Horoscopos is placed at the beginning, thus leading to igh ey 8) Ol C: ™ Occasionally a text follows strictly the planetary order, disregarding identity of signs (No. L 50 is an example). 12. Cf. Sachs [2] p. 64. Sun and moon, or moon and sun, precede the planets. 13 Cf. the commentary p. 14. 44 Cf. Neugebauer [1]. 2° Quite exceptional is No, —9 which begins with the moon: CCD) (OP) Gn es GENERAL COMMENTS The habit of beginning with the Horoscopos seems in general to be a characteristic later development. The earliest text which shows the zodiacal order is No. 150 which begins with the sun but puts H at the end, out of the zodiacal order. Nos. 217 and 258 begin with Saturn. All the remaining examples of the zodiacal arrangement belong to the interval from 245 to 394 and start with the Horoscopos (13 cases) .*® In the papyri the enumeration of the positions of sun, moon, and planets is only rarely amplified, except by the addition of the Horoscopos. The four centers are men- tioned in some of the earlier texts: Nos. — 3, 15/22, 46, 95 and 137a,b. Horoscopos, Midheaven and Lot of Fortune are given in No. 81. Nos. 137a,b mention, besides the centers, the “first” and ‘“ second” Lots. Four Lots (Fortune, Daimon, Eros, Necessity) occur in Nos. 138/161 and 338, in the latter followed by the date of the amoxpoveic.1* Horoscopos plus Lot of For- tune are given in No. 182 and in six out of seven horoscopes of the group Nos. 351 to 385.1* This repre- sents a total of 15 cases among about 60 texts. 2. LITERARY SOURCES The L-horoscopes show a much greater uniformity than the papyri. Except for a few special cases where the doctrine under discussion requires a particular se- lection of data we find the arrangement © € b 20 6° o sae consistently followed (about 120 cases). Among those only a few minor deviations can be observed: the moon is out of place, generally near the end of the list, 9 times ; Jupiter is out of order 4 times, Saturn and Mars twice. Quite irregular is the arrangement in Nos. L516 and 621 but none of these variants reflects a consistent system. The zodiacal order, which is quite common among the later papyri,.is represented only once among the literary horoscopes (No. L132, with the moon as “starter ’’). The two earliest horoscopes (Nos. L —71 and L —42) begin with H, but probably only on the basis of a diagram. All four centers are mentioned only once, charac- teristically in one of the earliest horoscopes, No. L 40 (from Antigonus). Midheaven is noted in Nos. L —/1 and L —42, then four times by Vettius Valens, but becomes the rule in all late horoscopes (from No. L 380 on*), On the other hand, the Lots (particularly the ** Fotheringham’s statement (The Oxyrhynchus Papyri XII p. 232) “that the horoscopes always name them in order, either beginning or ending with the Horoscopos” needs modification : the zodiacal order is observed only in about one-fourth of all cases and the Horoscopos is only once put at the end (but out of the zodiacal order) and twice the lead is given to Saturn. ‘7 Cf. the commentary to No. 338 (p. 66). * Omitted in No. 366. ** The only exceptions are the two special examples which are additions to Vettius Valens (Nos. L419 and 431). CALENDARIC DATA Lot of Fortune) are much more frequently quoted in the literary horoscopes than in the papyri. In Vettius Valens almost a third of all examples quote the Lot of Fortune and this ratio increases to one-half of all cases with the late authors. In about one-third of all cases in which the Lot of Fortune is mentioned the Daimon is also given. The “ Exaltation of the Nativity ” is listed in Nos. L 95,V,18 and L 440; 463; 484. The ascending node of the moon is never mentioned in a papyrus, ostracon, or graffito. feoccurs in No. L —71, but in Vettius Valens it is yea 3 timés (Nos. L74,1V; 75,1; 115,11) but 13 times between No. L412 and L497. In 10 out of 16 cases in which the ascending lunar node is mentioned the preceding conjunction or opposition is also given. A syzygy alone, without giving also the position of the node, occurs only 3 times (Nos. L 419; 431; 440). The preceding statistics concern exclusively the initial enumeration of data. In several of the papyri and in the majority of the L-horoscopes additional data may be mentioned in the astrological discussion. An enu- meration of these data would be of little interest since their selection depends on the contents of the chapter to which the horoscopes are appended as examples. D. CALENDARIC DATA As far as can be seen at the present state of preserva- tion only two horoscopes on papyrus were not dated: No. 217, one out of a collection of four horoscopes (P. Warren 21) and No. 46, assuming that not a whole column is missing, which may or may not be the case. No date is given on the graffito No. 353 (Abydos) and the ostracon No. 207 mentions only month and day but no year. In sharp contrast herewith not a single date is given in the about one hundred horoscopes in Vettius Valens.?° The majority of the late literary horoscopes, however, are dated ** (in the era Diocletian) with the exception of four horoscopes from Rhetorius (Nos. L401, 440, 482, 488, the first and last of which are suspect of being artificially made up), of No. 516 and of the fictitious horoscope of Islam (No. L621). 1. YEARS AND ERAS The following is the complete list of references to specific years,”* found in our material. 2° We disregard here the group of about 40 partial horoscopes listed in table 15. *1 We disregard here partial versions; for example No. L 380 first version gives the date Diocletian 97 Athyr 30. The second version gives Athyr 30 only, the third version no date at all. 22 \ parenthesis ( ) in connection with the word “year” means use of the abbreviation for érovs. In all other cases it indicates an addition made by us. No. —9 —3 15/22 32 81 138/161 137a,b 137c 139 145 149 150 161 176 177, 184 187 190 208 219,1b 219,11,1 219,11,12 220 Bey, 244 258 260 Zig 282 283 284 2035,W ULL 316 320 326 338 345 351 366 370 3/5 376,a 376,b 165 year 20 of Caesar (Augustus) year 27 of Caesar (Augustus) [the ...] year of Tiberius year 18 of Tiberius third year of the Divine Titus [year ...] of Antoninus Caesar the Lord (year) 1 of Antoninus Caesar the Lord 1(st year) of Antoninus Caesar the Lord 2 of Antoninus Caesar the Lord eighth of Antoninus 13 of Antoninus Caesar 13(th year) of Antoninus Caesar the Lord 1(st year) of Antoninus [and] Verus, the Lords Augusti 487 (Seleucid era) 17(th year of Marcus Aurelius) (year) 24 (of Commodus) year twenty-seven (of Commodus), Mesore 6, according to the Greeks, according to the Egyptians (year) 28, Thoth 23 [30th (year) ] of Commodus (year) 15 (of Septimius Severus and Cara- calla) year 530 (Seleucid era) (year) 2 (of) Antoninus the Lord(?) (year) 2 of the same vedtaine| year 7 of Severus Alexander (year) 1 of Philip 6(th year) of our Lords, Valerian [and Gal- lienus] and Cornelius Saloninus, August 1(st year) of Macrinianus and Quietus, Au- gusti 2(nd year) of Probus 1(st year.) of Carinus 1(st year) of Carinus in the blessed reign of Diocletian; [ (year) | 1 of Diocletian zs 9(th year of Diocletian) and 8(th year of Maximianus) and 1(st year of Constantius and Galerius) completed 33(rd year) of Diocletian year [...] 38 of Diocletian 42 (years) from Diocletian 55(th year) of Diocletian (year) 61 (of Diocletian) 67 of Diocletian [82nd] (year) of Diocletian, 9(th) indiction, presidency of Isidorus, son of Pamenes 86 of Diocletian, 13(th) indiction 89 of Diocletian 6(th) indiction ... 93 of Diocletian, Her- mogenes, son of Theotimos, president 6(th) indiction, in the time of the Night- 166 No. watch commander Macarius, son of Her- mias Gesdos, 93 of Diocletian L 380 in the 97(th) year from the reign of Dio- cletian 381,a,b 97 of Diocletian 385 101 from Diocletian, in the presidency of Serenus, (son of ?) Artemidoros Phanou- sire 394 (year) 111 (of Diocletian) L 419 Reign of Valentinian .... year of Diocletian 135 L428 (year) of Diocletian 145 L 431 of Diocletian year 147 431 148 of Diocletian L 463 year of Diocletian 179 465 from Diocletian 181 L 474 year of Diocletian 191 L475 year of Diocletian 191 478 year of the blessed reign of Diocletian 194 L 478 year of Diocletian 195 L479 year of Diocletian 195 L 483 in the year of Diocletian 199 L 484 year of Diocletian [200] L 486 year of Diocletian 202 L 487 year of Diocletian 204 L 497 year 214 from the beginning of the reign of Diocletian which is the year 821 from the death of Alexander the Macedonian. This list shows that from 284 on the era Diocletian is used consistently. The Seleucid era appears only in the graffiti from Dura (Nos. 176 and 219,I). The date of No. 187 is a clear example of the association of regnal years and calendar years in Egypt. The era Augustus is not attested in the horoscopes though it is used by Vettius Valens in his rules for the determination of the weekdays and of planetary positions ** and similarly in the excerpts from Balbillus for the nodes.** In the Greek planetary tables P. Tebt. 274, years of Titus are quoted beside the regnal years of Trajan.*° The era “from the death of Alexander” appears only in No. L497 and in the form of “from the beginning of Philip’ as a marginal note of one manuscript in the introduction to No. L 621.7° The fact that this era was used in the Handy Tables of Ptolemy and Theon makes it surprising that it is so rare in astrological context. 2. MONTHS The Macedonian names of the months occur in our 28 Vettius Valens I, 10 and 20 (Kroll p. 26, 124. and p. 33, 31 f. etc.). 74CCAG 84 p. 239,16. The era Augustus is also used by Ptolemy in his Canobic Inscription (opera II p. 152,1 Heiberg). 2° Cf. Neugebauer [4] p. 240 ff. 26 Cf. p. 158 note 1. GENERAL COMMENTS material only in the graffiti from Dura.?7 For the two instances in which we are able to establish the corre- sponding Julian dates (Nos. 176 and 219,1) we find that the Hyperberetaios corresponds roughly to the month of October. As is common in Greek calendars, the months are either civil or accurately lunar. Con- sequently, some dates are given in both versions, plain (.e., civil) and “according to the moon.” The Roman calendar occurs in No. 81 in a triple dating in Alexandrian, Egyptian, and Roman fashion (“calends of April”). Roman counting is suggested by our restoration of No. 171. Roman month names are used in Nos. L 412,?§ L 463 and L 474 but the days are counted simply as ordinals (April 17, April 25, and October 1 respectively). This seems to be the earliest known instance of this simplified method of counting.?® The honorific month name “ Hadrian” is used in Nos. 137a, b, and c, in the latter version described as “according to the Greeks.” All three versions give the Egyptian equivalent (Tybi). The Egyptian names of the months are used *° in all other cases (more than 50), in 37 of which the Alexan- drian calendar is meant. No. — 3 speaks about Phaophi 5 xara xaicapos whereas Nos. 161, 284, and 287 say “according to the Greeks.” Normally, however, no nearer description is given and only the astronomical data make it possible to distinguish between the Alexan- drian and the unreformed Egyptian calendar. We have found no instance later than 207 among the horoscopes ** for a date in the old Egyptian calendar. This old Egyptian calendar was used, perhaps, with- out further explanation, in two papyri, horoscopes Nos. 139 + 149, and 177 but in all three cases the dating causes great difficulties and our assumption of the Egyptian calendar might be wrong.” The “ old calendar ” is explicitly quoted in four cases of double dates: Nos. 15/22, 81, 1374 angeiassseeeeae two other horoscopes (Nos. 137c and 187) dates “ac- cording to the Greeks” and “according to the Egyp- tians”’ are given beside each other. No. —9 and No. 145 have only a date “ according to the ancients” and No. 207 (ostracon) “ according to the Egyptians,” being the latest instance for this style of dating among all horoscopes.** = Nose I/Oecl Ones 250i °S Written 485/486. : *° Cf. Ideler, Chron. II p. 191; Ginzel, Chron. III p. 117. It is worth noticing that the ‘“‘Ephemeris for 467 a.p.” uses the Roman style of denoting the days of the Roman months; cf. Curtis-Robbins [1]. °° Their list is given on p. 3. **In the strictly astronomical literature the old Egyptian calendar remains in use in Greek and in Islamic works and then again in Western Europe during the Renaissance (Copernicus). *° This holds particularly for No. 139; cf. the commentary to this horoscope. *° Of the Demotic planetary tables only the earliest one, covering the years from Augustus 14 (=—16) to 41 (=a. CALENDARIC DATA 3. DAYS; NIGHT AND EPOCH The days are usually denoted only by their ordinal number. Four times the names of the weekdays are added. The earliest instance is No. 219,I,b, a graffito from Dura. The three other ones come from Palchus: Nos. L 479, L 486, L 487.54 For the day numbers the following rules can be observed : (a) If the horoscopic moment is a moment of day- light, then only a single number is given as date. (b) If we are dealing with an hour of the night, then the date is given in the form “n to n+ 1.” The rule (a) is followed without exception (35 cases). The rule (0) is not strictly obeyed but among 26 dates associated with an hour of night there are 6 single dates ** against 19 cases ** which follow rule (b) and one ambiguous case (No. 125) where the restoration of a double day number is possible but not certain. The difference in notation for daytime and night poses a problem which is related to the intricate problem of “epoch” in the counting of days in the Egyptian and in the Alexandrian calendar. Before entering upon the discussion of this wider question we shall make some preliminary remarks. First: one must carefully distinguish between “ double day numbers” as occurring in the above stated form (b) for the reference to an hour of night and “ double dates’ which relate two different calendars. Secondly: it is convenient to illustrate our discussion by means of schematic figures in which the time axis is divided in sections, alternately representing daylight (lightly drawn) and night (heavily drawn). Finally: one must realize that modern chronological tables (e.g. Schram, Taf.) count their Julian days in modern fashion from midnight to midnight. An equivalence obtained from such a table between an ancient and a Julian date may actually be correct only for a part of the day. For example, the relation between an Egyptian day with morning epoch and the corresponding Julian date is represented in figure 25. We now can turn to the evidence concerning double 11), uses the Egyptian calendar. The Stobart tables, preserved for Vespasian 3 (= a.p. 70) to Hadrian 17 (= 132) are based on the Alexandrian calendar. Cf. below p. 173. For Greek papyri in general, a.p. 237 seems to be the latest attested date for the use of the “old calendar” (P. Grenf. II, 67) though the question is unsettled as to which calendar is meant in docu- ments which give no double dates or give dates without speci- fications. 24In No. L486 the day in question is a Monday; the three other cases are Saturdays. 85 cis, The same expression in P. Ryl. 27, 59. °° Nos. 284, 320, 431 certain. In Nos. 145, 207, 394 the critical passage is partly destroyed but a restoration to a double day- number is made very unlikely by the spacing or shape of the text. 87 Here are included Nos. 138/161 and 177 where the restora- tion of a double day number is practically certain. 167 day numbers. From the fourth century B.c. to the late fifth and early sixth century a.p. we find the rules (a) and (b) followed, namely single day numbers for day- time (without exception) and preferably double day numbers for the night. The earliest occurrence of the double day number, known to us, is the “ dream of Nectanebo,” presumably referring to — 342 July 5/6, preserved in a Serapeum papyrus written about two centuries later.?8 Several other reports on dreams from the same group of texts do quote single day numbers only, but we do not know whether daytime or night is implied.*® A double day number is given, however, for a dream in — 158 Febru- ary 10*° and in a contemporary complaint about a robbery.** About a century earlier two Petrie papyri furnish us with double day numbers again from reports Egyptian: kK@ n ——+e —__ n+! — pr ort ee lng Ae aa a ey Fe ee Figure 25. on night robbery.** These examples suffice to prove that the use of double day numbers for the time of night is independent of any astronomical practice and also pre- cedes by centuries the Augustan reform of the Egyp- tian calendar. The next large group of double day numbers for the time of night comes from astronomical observations quoted by Ptolemy in the Almagest. Smyly was fully justified when he said ** that Ptolemy “ merely adopted a system which had been in popular use for centuries before his time in Egypt.” The Almagest contains more than 60 instances of double day numbers, referring to observations ranging from —720 to + 141.** These double day numbers are never associated with any month name except the Egyptian ones (Thoth, Phaophi, etc.) and in almost all cases it is explicitly stated that this is a month “according to the Egyptians.” * 88 Wilcken, UPZ I No. 81 (p. 370) col. Il,l: g@apyovh ka eve Thy KB. *° Cf., e.g., Wilcken, UPZ I No. 77. “° Wilcken, UPZ I No. 78, p. 359 line 2: ruBlc] 1B eve [t]nv vy. 41 P. Tebt. 958 (162 B.c.?): rye KO rye vuKre [rye epoven] ec Tnv X [rov maxwy]. Obviously one has to restore P. Tebt. 804 (112 B.c.?) according to the same scheme: [rye 5 re vuKri] re gpepolvon|: evc tynv € Tov pamevwd. Cf. Hipparchus on the autumn equinox of —146 September 26/27: tq y' ray érayouévwy rod Mecovuxriov tod els tiv 5 gépovtos (Almagest, Heib. 204,5). Similarly P. Reinach 17 for —108 December 1: rae vuxtie rye geplovlone evc td Tov abup tov @ (erouc). “°P. Petrie III p. 59: vuxroce rye KE evs tylv Ky] Tov maxwr (about —260) and p. 72: rye vuxre [& elie tay B Tov maxwp (about — 240). eS Omylyapelepaos “The double day numbers are always given in the form of, €.g., Bawevad cn’ els thy 16’ (Heib. II, 263,24). “° Examples of omission: Heib. II, 311, 12f. (‘21 of Mesore to the 22th”) or Heib. I, 195, 12f. (“ Mesore 30 at sunset’’). 168 Many cases concern double dates, i.e., comparison with other calendar systems. Among these some of the earliest dates *#* are of interest since single and double day numbers occur simultaneously, e.g. “in the 36th year of the Calippic period, Poseideon 25, (i.e.) Phaophi 16, beginning of the 10th hour (of night) .... in the year 454 of Nabonassar Phaophi 16 to 17, 3 seasonal hours after midnight.’ This, and several similar in- stances, show clearly that ‘‘ Phaophi 16” includes the whole night which is otherwise denoted as “ Phaophi 16 to 17.” This agrees with the well-known fact of a morning epoch of the Egyptian day. The earlier Greek horoscopes give the impression that the double day numbers belong to the Egyptian calendar in contrast to the reformed Alexandrian calendar. We have the following passages: No. —9: Mesore the 24th to the 25th, according [to the old (calendar) | No. 15/22: Phaophi 1, according to the old calendar Phaophi 11 to [12] Now sik the sixth day (emdwckovon extn), the third hour of the night; as the Romans reckon, the calends of April; according to the old (calendar), Pachon the first (veoupnva) to the second. In the later horoscopes, however, double day numbers are given for the hours of night though only the Alexan- drian calendar is used. The same holds for the dates in Vettius Valens with one exception *7 which is, how- ever, explicitly stated as “according to the Alexan- drians,”’ though all other dates are also based on the Alexandrian calendar. The implication that double day numbers reflect an Egyptian terminology is not supported by Egyptian sources. The evidence for this statement has been as- sembled by Sethe in his Zeitrechnung ** and need not be repeated here. We can add only the dates of two Demotic horoscopes of the year Tiberius 4 (a.p. 17/18) * which run as follows year 4, (month) 2 of Akhet, day 9, the 11th hour of the night °° (= a.p. 17, September 26 about 5 a.m.) and year 4, (month) 4 of Peret, (day) 1, the 4th hour of the night °° (= a.p. 18, February 25 about 10 P.m.). Though both horoscopes (ostraca) use the old Egyp- 4° All from observations by Timocharis in Alexandria. 47 Nos. 23-26 in the tables 15 and 16 p. 180f.; Kroll p. 26,21. 48 Particularly p. 130 ff. The only case of a date which resembles the Greek double day numbers was communicated to us by Dr. H. Goedicke from a Bucheum inscription concerning the year —144; “month IV smw (XII) 27, the 11th hour of night, as the morning of the 28th day dawned” (Mond-Myers, Buch., II p. 7 and III pl. 41 A). 4° Neugebauer [1] p. 116 ff. 5° Literally “evening” (rhwy). GENERAL COMMENTS tian form of dating, with three seasons of four months each, the astronomical investigation shows that the first one is using the old Egyptian calendar, based on the Egyptian year of 365 days, the second one, however, the reformed calendar which is based on the Julian year. And neither one uses double day numbers for the night. In Greek sources the double day numbers are not restricted to the Ptolemaic and Roman period. We find them still in use in our horoscopes Nos. L 380, 428, 431 and 478 ** as well as in observational records from the years 498, 503, and 509 made in Alexandria by Am- monius and Heliodorus.*? After having established the continuous use of double day numbers for the time of night during a period of about eight centuries we can now turn to the thorny question of epoch, at least as far as reflected in our material. It is the generally accepted rule to consider the epoch for the days in the Egyptian calendar and in the Alexan- drian and Roman calendar as identical, at least for the Roman imperial period which concerns us here. This means one assumes morning epoch for all those calen- dars ** and a relation to our norm of the Julian day which is illustrated by figure 25 p. 167. All astro- nomical data in the Almagest agree with this norm. Some of the horoscopes, however, show a less simple picture. We first mention Nos. 366 and 373, both written by the same hand. In No. 366 a moment somewhere between sunset and about 4 seasonal hours after sunset is called tuB. owe ac 1B “ Tybi, late to 12(th)” whereas No. 373 says TuBi 7 wpa ove ac 6 “ Tybi 8, late hour to 9(th)” for a moment which could fall anywhere between 2 hours before or after sunset. Since No. 366 refers, in all probability, to an hour of night (our computation would require at least one hour after sunset), it seems plausible to assume also for No. 373 a moment after sunset (which would agree with our computation). The simplest explanation of this terminology would be, of course, a midnight epoch. This would also moti- vate the use of double day numbers “ from ” to n + 1” for the time of night. This conclusion was indeed drawn by Smyly °* though he was forced to declare the dating ** From Hephaistion, Rhetorius, add. to Vett. Val., Palchus respectively. ** First published by Bouillaud in 1645, then discussed by Delambre, HAA I p. 518 (1817). Place and authors were determined by Tannery (1884), Mém. Sci. II p. 125 (the date 502 is an error for 503). *8 Ginzel, Chron. III, p. 6; I p. 162 ff. Sethe, Zeitr. p. 137. **Smyly [2] p. 86. He quotes Pliny NH 11,188 in support of his thesis, but the same passage ascribes, e.g., a morning CALENDARIC DATA of No. 81 as an error,®° because this text is incompatible with a midnight epoch but requires an evening epoch both for the Alexandrian and for the Roman calendar by its equating (for a.p. 81 March 31 about 9 p.m.) Egypt. IX 1/2 with Alex. VIII 6 = Roman April 1 (cf. figure 11 p. 25). If one accepts this relation as correct —and No. 81 is one of our best written and most elaborate documents — then one may perhaps see in this double date the outcome of a combination of the original Greek evening epoch with the traditional Egyp- tian morning epoch. This would again motivate single day numbers for daytime, but double day numbers for the night (cf. figure 26). Otherwise one must follow Egypt. style — i het eater ates een 2 FicureE 26. Greek style Smyly and declare the double dates of No. 81 as an error for Egypt. IX 1/2 corresponds to Alex. VIII 5 = March 31 as would be the case for common morning epoch. Under no circumstances can No. 81 be an evidence for a mid- night epoch.*® The material presented here seems to lead to the following conclusion: The standard relations between Egyptian, Alexandrian, and Julian calendar can be applied safely wherever we are dealing with a single date which concerns daytime, or with a double day number referring to the night from m to n+ 1. If, however, a single date includes the night, one must be cautious. In case of the Egyptian calendar it seems to be safe to assume morning epoch throughout. For Alexandrian and Roman dates, however, an evening epoch may have existed much later than usually assumed. 4. HOURS It is natural to assume that numerals in connection with hours of day or night are to be taken as ordinals, denoting the current hour. This is confirmed by the explicit occurrence of ordinals in Nos. 15/22, 81, 145, and 190. The same follows from cases like No. 244 where Horoscopos and sun are both located in VS and the time is given as &pa B jépas. Since even an extremal distance of H and © cannot correspond to more than 2 seasonal hours after sunrise, it is clear that B can only denote the 2nd hour and not 2 completed hours. epoch to the Babylonians, in flagrant contradiction to the facts known from the cuneiform texts (evening epoch). *° Smyly [2] p. 88. °° Wilcken, apparently not realizing that the astronomical conditions of No. 81 determine the hour as one before midnight, assumed (Ostr. I p. 793) as part of the Augustan reform the introduction of the Roman midnight epoch into the Alexandrian calendar. 169 It is often impossible to distinguish between equi- noctial and seasonal hours, particularly if only the zodiacal signs of Horoscopos and sun are given. But there exist limiting cases where a decision is possible * and it then falls in favor of seasonal hours. For example, No. 220 associates the 9th hour of day with a position of the Horoscopos at the “end of 1” and a solar longitude in “”. From this it follows that the time elapsed after sunrise can only be at the most 7;56 equi- noctial hours but between 8 ;33 and 9;11 seasonal hours. Similarly in No. 260: in this case the exact positions of H and sun are known and the numbers of the text agree only with seasonal hours. In No. 15/22 the hour is said to be the fourth hour of night. Computation shows that the time was at most 3" after sunset (both in equinoctial and seasonal hours since the date would correspond to the time of equinox). The text belongs, however, to so early a period that we must assume that the computation was not carried out with trigonometric tables but with the arithmetical schemes of System A or B for the rising times. Using system A one would obtain as upper boundary for the time after sunset 3;6,245, and 3;10" with system B. This may just suffice to explain the “ fourth hour.” In all other cases from original sources where a check is possible the hour given by the text lies within the computed limits. Twice °* the hour is called “ approxi- mately ’’ (epi), in several cases °° the “ beginning” of an hour occurs. It is probably mere carelessness if No. 385 only says “hour of the day ” without numeral. The numeral alone is used in Nos. L 380 L 419 L 486 always indicating an hour of daylight. The word “hour” is omitted in No. 338. The horoscopes from the earlier group of literary sources, 1.e., before a.p. 190, never mention either date or hour. Nothing is known for two centuries until the later authors (from 380 onward). Two-thirds of these late horoscopes give date and hour, 10 of which can be checked numerically from the given longitudes of H and ©. Five times the statement of the text agrees both with seasonal and with equinoctial hours.®® In 4 cases ®* only seasonal hours agree with the text.°? The only possible evidence for the use of equinoctial hours could be No. L 380 but the data of the text show in- ternal discrepancies which destroy the basis for such a conclusion.*®* °7 Nos. 190, 220, 260. *8'Nos. —3 and 219,1,b. °° Nos. 137a,b 190 227 282 L419 L 428. °° In two additional cases (Nos. L486 and L487) the text gives the wrong hour (2nd instead of Ist hour) regardless of what type of hour had been used. : * Nos, L 428, L 463, L 479, L 483. This agrees with Ginzel’s general experience (cf. Chronol. Il, p. 297). °° Cf. the commentary to No. L 380 (p. 132). 170 To summarize the investigation of our whole material we may say that with the exception of a very small number of cases all references to hours can be inter- preted as meaning current seasonal hours. E. ASTRONOMICAL DATA 1. If one looks for explicit astronomical data in the horoscopes, beyond the position of the celestial bodies and the “ centers,” then one finds only little in the papyri, with the exception of No. 81. In the literary sources the situation is different. The direct enumeration of the data is as limited as in the papyri but the fact that the literary horoscopes serve as examples in astrological treatises has preserved for us many deductions from the initial data in the course of which additional astro- nomical elements are mentioned. This gives us at least some glimpse of the astronomical techniques and con- cepts which were at the disposal of men like Vettius Valens, Palchus,.and Rhetorius. Though our material can only represent a minute fraction of the astrological literature of antiquity, one obtains the impression that the later authors required a greater numerical accuracy — at least formally —than Vettius Valens in the second century. The papyri, however, seem to show the oppo- site trend, the more elaborate horoscopes being. the earlier ones. The two texts which are of greatest interest astronomically are four centuries apart: No. 81 (P. London 130) and No. L497 (from Eutocius), both giving detailed planetary positions with respect to fixed stars, a procedure which is reminiscent of the procedure followed by certain classes of cuneiform texts °* of the last centuries B.C. In the following we give a summary of astronomical data found in the horoscopes. For details the commen- taries to the single texts must be consulted. 2. The rising times of the zodiacal signs are only once mentioned in a papyrus, namely, in the statement of No. 95 © that “the governing Horoscopos was fixed in complete conformity (with the rules of) the rising times,” which probably means that from the given hour the Horoscopos was computed with the use of rising times. In the literary sources the rising times are mentioned frequently in astrological context (e.g., for the periods of life) — about 30 times in Vettius Valens. Usually they are taken from the arithmetical schemes of System A or System B which are derived from the corresponding Babylonian schemes. In the late astrological treatises, however, the much more accurate tables of Ptolemy or Theon were used and detailed computations are carried out which also involve the tables for sphaera recta and the tables of seasonal hours for given latitudes (e.g., Nos. L 401, L 428, L 488, etc.). cGy ache al: Soot o Out: GENERAL COMMENTS 3. All cases which operate with rising times contain some geographical data, usually in the form of quoting the number of the corresponding “ clima.” Occasionally, however, a purely geographical position is given such as “clima of Spain” (No. L419) or of Alexandria (No. L 74,IV or No. L 497). No. 81 says “ computed in Hermopolis where the horizon has the ratio seven to five (of longest to shortest daylight)’ which is the standard norm for Lower Egypt. The concept of “clima” is never mentioned in any of the horoscopes on papyrus but is quite common in the literary horoscopes. In the earlier cases, all of which come from Vettius Valens and thus belong to the first and second centuries A.D., the climata are defined ac- cording to the originally Babylonian schemes of linear rising times.°® The later horoscopes, however, from L 380 on, use the more recent terminology which is based on Ptolemy’s trigonometric table of rising times.® The details of the distributions are as follows. Of the literary horoscopes of the first two centuries A.D. only five are not from Vettius Valens. None of them men- tions the clima, but No. 113,[V (from Antigonus through Hephaestion) uses the arithmetical rising times of Sys- tem A or B for Alexandria. Hephaestion himself refers in No. L 380, first version, to clima 3 of Lower Egypt and uses tables which agree with Theon’s Handy Tables. Rhetorius gives two examples from clima 4 ** and two from clima 5; ® twice (L482 and L463) no clima is mentioned, while in No. L 440 rising times for Alexan- dria of the old type, System A, are used implicitly.” The additions to Vettius Valens Nos. L419 and L431 mention the “clima of Spain” and “ clima 4,” respec- tively. The latter corresponds to ¢ = 36 which is also the latitude of southern Spain. No reference to the clima is made by Palchus (8 horoscopes from L474 to L487). Eutocius (L497) expressly gives ‘ Alexandria in Egypt” as locality. The last of our horoscopes, L 621, seems to have been com- puted for clima 5. 4. Fixed stars play in general a minor role in astro- logical works. A doctrine involving the heliacal rising of Sirius (on Epiphi 25 = July 19) is used in the first version of No. L.120,1I. Perhaps merely for poetical reasons, Centaur is mentioned in Manetho’s horoscope (No. L 80). In Hadrian’s horoscope (No. L 76), the - moon “ was about to come in conjunction with a certain °° Cf. the tabulation in table 3 (p. 5) left side. "" Cf. p. 5 table 3 right side. °° Nos. L401 and L488, though the latter is actually com- puted for clima 6. °° Nos. L 428 and L 516. 7° Tn the introduction to CCAG 8,1 p. 220 ff. Cumont remarks on the higher frequency of clima 5 or Byzantium. In fact, however, the number of examples is greatly reduced if one observes that the same data are repeatedly used for different purposes. Then one is left with 2 cases for clima 3 (Alexan- dria), 2 for clima 4, and 3 for clima 5. Obviously no conclusion can be based on such limited evidence. ASTRONOMICAL DATA bright fixed star ”’ in 4 20°, which we could not identify. In No. L 479 the rising of Asclepius (Ophiuchus) with the moon is noted.” In No. 81 the positions of the planets are not only defined by their ecliptic coordinates but also in relation to constellations or individual stars—the distances being expressed in “ fingers” and in “ lunar diameters.” The identification of the stars mentioned causes various difficulties which are discussed in our commentary to No. 81. A much simpler situation is met in No. L 497. Here the coordinates A and £ of nine fixed stars are given such that there can be no doubt about their identifica- tion. Their names agree closely with the names in the Almagest, and not, as one perhaps would have expected, with the Handy Tables.** The coordinates and magni- tudes are exactly as with Ptolemy except for the neces- sary correction of A for precession. For details cf. p. 153. “Simultaneously rising stars” (cvvavaréAXovra) * occur in No. 137c, unfortunately, only in very fragmentary context. 5. In No. 137c the longitude of the sun is said to be “calculated according to the lowest and the greatest [of velocity], which might be a reference to the arith- metical methods of Babylonian origin. The declination of the sun is described in No. L497 as “ inclination toward the equator on the circle which passes through its pole.” Ordinarily the solar longitude is the only numerically given coordinate, or, in other cases, the solar position is given with more sexagesimal digits than the planetary positions. In No. 81 it is mentioned that the spring equinox is past, the sun having reached 7 14;6. For the ques- tion which longitude is associated with the vernal equi- Box cy. p. 182. A solar eclipse (484 January 14) which took place shortly before the death of Proclus is mentioned in his horoscope (No. L412), together with a predicted solar eclipse (486 May 19). Probably this latter eclipse in combination with the preceding and following lunar eclipse (485 December 7 and 487 April 23) are made responsible for some ill effect on Theodoros in his career as augustalian prefect in Alexandria (No. L 486). 6. The lunar nodes, which play an important role in Islamic astrology, are of only secondary importance in our material. They are never mentioned in any of the original documents but the ascending node occurs in No. L —~71, three times in horoscopes from Vettius Valens (Nos. L74,IV L75,1 L.115,II) and 13 times ™ The Pleiades are mentioned in astrological context in No. 1 Mlle 72 Halma, Tab. man. III p. 44 ff. 78 For the importance of this concept in Greek astrology cf. Boll, Sphaera. 171 in the late horoscopes (Nos. L 412 ff.).7* The lunar latitude was mentioned in the now destroyed context of No. 95. Otherwise, the moon’s latitude is only given in No. L497. The moon is said to be in slow motion in No. L 474. Its mean motion is used in No. L 380. The moon is called “rising” in No. 137a,b though the elongation from the sun (which is actually rising) is almost — 50°. In No. 81 the moon is called “ waxing in crescent ” (am dvatoAjs pepopévy dévydvos) at an elongation of about 29°. 7. In planetary motion retrogradation is mentioned six times *° against two references to direct motion." Opposition is mentioned twice,’’ the second stationary point is referred to in No. 81 (2f£) and in No. 137a,b (C2159 6 )P whereassNo, L:497 places 2, 4, 9, and % in the first station. Planets are said to be “ rising ” in Nos. 81, 137a,b, L40, L76, L487, and* L497; reference to a phase 7 days later is made in Nos. 81 and L76. Setting is mentioned only once (2 in No. 250,2). Mars is said to be “dim,” being close to the sun (No. L.112,VII). The latitudes of the planets are given only in No. L497. The perigee of Mercury is recorded in No. 81. It is of interest that the position (Y 10°) agrees with Ptolemy’s value for the apogee of the eccenter of Mer- cury for about a.p. 140. In very obscure and doubtful context an “ anomaly ” of Mars is mentioned in No, 345. ‘ A “magnitude ” or “ weight” (éyxos) is assigned to the planets in No. 81 but we do not know exactly what is meant since this concept is not attested elsewhere in any astronomical treatise known to us. For the planetary periods which occur in astrological context in various disguises cf. the remarks in the tech- nical glossary s.v. “ Periods” (p. 10). 8. The tabulation of the deviations between the longi- tudes of the celestial bodies given by the later literary horoscopes (almost all of which belong to the fifth cen- tury) and found by modern computation reveals some interesting facts. A glance at the graphical representa- tion of the differences “‘ text — computation” (figures 37 and 38 p. 188 f.) shows that they remain essentially constant except for the irregular fluctuations which are caused by minor errors and inaccuracies. This is particu- larly evident in the case of the slow and regular motion of the sun and of the ascending lunar node. This graph stands in marked contrast to the graph of the solar longitudes obtained from Vettius Valens (figure 33 p. 182): whereas the later literary horoscopes show a ™ The descending node appears in one version of No. L 486 but certainly by mistake. *° Nos. 46, 250,2 260 and Nos. L75 112,VII 479. 78 Nos. 95 and L 487. “7 Nos. 260 and L 40. This concerns only mention as astro- nomical element; in the form of an “ aspect” opposition is often mentioned in the literary horoscopes, then called “ diameter.” L7Z, practically constant deviation, the deviations in the texts from Vettius Valens decrease continually at a rate corresponding to precession. This shows that the longi- tudes in Vettius Valens are sidereal longitudes whereas the later authors operate with tropical longitudes, ob- viously following the norm adopted by Ptolemy and Theon. From the graphs, figures 37 and 38, a deviation of about 2° or 3° between the textual longitudes and TABLE 13. the modern ones results. Let us assume that longi- tudes were correct at the time of Ptolemy (+ 150) and that his constant of precession of 1° per century had been used until the fifth or sixth century. Then in the middle of the fifth century the resulting longi- tudes would be about 1° too small, owing to the 622 March 21 791 Febr. 13 * March 22 * April I . A pril 2) " May 23 794 Dec. | GENERAL COMMENTS is illustrated by the case of Nos. 137a,b and No. 137c where a difference of 3° for the solar longitude appears in two versions of the same horoscope. The literary horoscopes give us a more significant picture not only by their greater number but also by their uniformity. 9. It is of interest to note that some early Arabic horoscopes continue where the Greek literary horo- scopes end. The table given here (table 14) shows almost exact agreement between the differences found in the Greek horoscope No. L 621 of the Islamic state (written about 775) and in the Arabic counterpart of A.p. 622 March 21 given by al-Kindi (who died about 873).7° The same trend is shown by the next six horo- scopes from a work *° of Masha’allah (who died about 815/820) which was communicated to us by Professor I. Carmody.*t The explanation of this close agreement between Greek and Arabic literary horoscopes lies, of course, in the use of the same type of tables, most likely the Handy Tables of Ptolemy or Theon. 10. It is, of course, plausible to assume that the later Greek horoscopes were also based on the tables of Ptolemy or Theon. No. L 497 states explicitly that its author, presumably Eutocius, follows the rules of Ptolemy, though without giving further details. Very little is known, however, about the methods of com- putation of the earlier horoscopes. ‘“‘ Perpetual Tables ” TABLE 14. defect in the value of Ptolemy’s constant of precession. Actually, however, we find values 1° or 2° smaller. Since Ptolemy’s fixed star longitudes for the zodiacal belt have longitudes about 3° too small,”® we are left with a deviation of 1 + 4° for which we cannot offer any plausible explanation. The material from the papyri is much too small to allow for similar statistics since the majority of papyri give zodiacal signs only for the longitudes of the planets and for sun and moon. The few cases which can be compared numerically with modern computation are tabulated in the following table (table 13). The extent to which individual differences might influence the data 78 Peters-Knobel, PCS, p. 17. are quoted in No. 81 but no further details are given. Only from the numerical values assigned to the longi- tudes of the planets it seems to follow that these tables gave at least two or three sexagesimal places. For the horoscopes which give zodiacal signs only, a plausible procedure can be reconstructed. We do have Demotic as well as Greek planetary tables which list the dates of the entries of a planet into a sign (both in direct or in retrograde motion). Given the date of a birth these tables allow us to say without any further 7° Published Loth [1]. 8° De receptione planetarum sive de interrogatiombus. Several printed versions and many manuscripts are extant. ®* No dates are given by Ma’shallah for these horoscopes but the astronomical determination causes no difficulties. ASTRONOMICAL DATA computation in which sign the planets were at the given day. The above-mentioned tables are preserved for the following years: * P: Demotic Pap. Berlin 8279: from Augustus 14 (=— 16) to 40 (—a. 10) S: Demotic Stobart Tablets: from Vespasian 4 (==71) to 10:(==78) from Trajan 9 (== 105) to Hadrian 3 (= 119) trom, Hadrian 1) (== 126) to 17 (= 132) T: Greek Pap. Tebtunis 274: from Trajan 10 (0G) ston Salo) me Greek P lund, Inv. 35b: Hadrian 4 (== 120). The dates in P are understood to refer to the Egyptian calendar while S, T, and L, are based on the Alexan- drian year. The fact that T overlaps a section of S permits us to establish the existence of some small dis- crepancies in the dates given by the two texts. Unfortunately, only two horoscopes on papyrus belong to an interval covered by the preserved planetary tables, namely, the two earliest ones, Nos. —9 and —3. In both cases one finds agreement between the zodiacal signs obtained from the Demotic tables and the positions given by the horoscopes. From Vettius Valens, however, we have a relatively large amount of material at our disposal which can be compared with the planetary tables; more than 30 horo- scopes can be checked in this fashion. A detailed in- vestigation of all these cases reveals 6 instances where the Stobart tables would have given different results. On the other hand, there are about 25 cases in which the horoscopes give the expected positions at a date which is quite close to the moment of transition from one sign to the next as listed in the planetary tables. The Demotic tables agree with the text of the horoscope several times when modern computation shows a dif- ferent zodiacal sign.** This is, of course, due to the difference in the definition of longitudes between modern computation on the one hand and the ancient tables and the horoscopes on the other. On the whole, the hy- pothesis of making tables of the Stobart type the basis of the determination of the zodiacal signs for the planets in the horoscopes finds some support in the existing material, in spite of some undeniable contradictions. And it must also be remembered that No. L.75 exists in three versions, two of which give zodiacal signs only, 82For P, S, and T cf. Neugebauer [4], for L cf. Knudtzon- Neugebauer [1]. Neugebauer suggested these texts might be the “yerpetual tables,” criticized by Ptolemy (cf. above p.24). Van der Waerden [2] (1947) argued for a deviation of all these texts from Babylonian methods. This would, however, exclude eccenters and epicycles, contrary to Ptolemy’s description. 88 Rxamples: } in Nos. L112,VII and L112,VIII or 2f in Nom Le ae VE 173 while one has degrees and minutes of longitude. Thus simple omission of accurately computed longitudes is an ever present possibility. We find 3 cases in which Saturn is differently located from what the Stobart tables would indicate. In No. L110,11I Saturn is placed on March 12 in ¥ 1;25 while the Demotic tables give March 20 as the day of entering 3€. This case, however, is not significant for our problem since it is @ priori unlikely that positions with degrees and minutes are based on tables which give entries in signs only. In No. L110,XII, however, we find Saturn in «” on December 15 while the Demotic tables (Stobart C,) give November 20, the Greek table T November 19, as date of entering 3%. In No. L114,VII Saturn is placed in ” on July 26 though it was in 8 from June 28 to August 29 according to the Stobart tables. Jupiter and Venus show no discrepancies. Mars in m in No. L78 is 2 days earlier in this sign than ac- cording to the Stobart tables. In No. L 108,XI Mars should not be in 1M, following the Stobart tables, since it entered =~ five days earlier. Finally, No. L 109 assigns to Mercury a position in 1%, two days before the date of entry according to the tables. The following cases may suffice as examples for nar- row agreement with the dates given by the Demotic tables. In No. L107 Venus is in Y one day before entering 8. No. *L113,VII places Venus in , one day before entering ¥ according to the Stobart tables; similarly Mercury is in 3 only one day after entering this sign. In No. L117,VI Jupiter is in 25 only seven days before leaving this sign, Mars in & only two days before its exit, and Mercury in $v two days after entry. In view of such good results one must not overlook, however, the fact that the same agreement is reached by modern computation which is certainly not the equiva- lent of the ancient procedure. 11. Of instruments the water clock is mentioned in No. 95 and the occurrence of the measure cotyla in connection with a time of night in No. 171 points in the same direction. The astrolabe was used for the determination of the Horoscopos from given date and hour in No. L621, a horoscope which was actually written much later (A.D. 775) and by an author who was probably already influenced by Islamic astronomy. Hae LROLOGICAL DATA Since the primary purpose of this work is to make the horoscopes available for the investigation of their astronomical content, we do not make an attempt to give a systematic discussion of the astrological doctrines and practices which are reflected in the horoscopes. On the other hand, for whatever use one wishes to make of these texts a great deal of astrological doctrine and technical terminology must be known to the reader. For this purpose we have compiled the “ Glossary of Astro- 174 logical and Technical Terms” which concludes the Intro- duction (p. 2 ff.). In the following section we shall discuss a few specific cases of astrological practice which often can be used to verify or restore purely astronomical elements. ]. THE LOT OF FORTUNE From the longitude Ay of the Horoscopos the “ Lot of Fortune” is derived by adding or subtracting from An the elongation Aq — Ao of the moon from the sun: (1) Ap = An + (AC — Ao). In the literary horoscopes, without exception, the rule holds that addition has to be used in (1) by day, sub- traction by night. This statement is based on almost 50 cases from Vettius Valens and 13 cases from the late authors. In the papyri, however, the Lot of Fortune occurs only rarely. The earliest example, No. 81, uses the formula (1) with the plus-sign though it concerns a night birth; and the remark is added that “ignorant people” would use the opposite sign. In view of the above-quoted evidence it seems as if the scribe of No. 81 was violating the rule and not the other people. In No. 137a a “ first’ anda “second” Lot of For- tune are determined but we are not able to explain the procedure. It seems doubtful that the term here means the same as in the other cases. Four “ Lots,” Fortune, Daimon, Eros, and Necessity, were determined in Nos. 138/161 and 338 but in neither case are we able to determine all details of the pro- cedure because of lacunae or errors in the texts. In No. 182 the Lot of Fortune alone is mentioned but not enough is preserved to let us see the method of computation. There remain only six cases, two of whichare partially based on restorations, in which the definition (1) is applied. All six examples belong to the same late group of horoscopes.** Thus the papyri alone would not give us an adequate picture of the role which the concept “Lot of Fortune” plays in the astrological literature. The importance which the literary texts attach to the Lot of Fortune leads to associating with it a ““Midheaven,” that is to say, a point in the ecliptic which would culminate when the Lot of Fortune was rising, thus taking the place of the Horoscopos. This “Midheaven with respect to the Lot of Fortune” is mentioned several times in the horoscopes from Vettius Valens * and appears in use in No. L —42 (cf. p. 78). The numbering of the Loci can be reckoned from the Lot of Fortune *° instead of from the Horoscopos. ®* Nos. 351, 370, 373, 376a/b, 381a/b, 385. 8° Nos. L50 72 74,X1 82 83 85,II 97,XI 123,1. In the last- mentioned example also a “ Midheaven with respect to Daimon ” is used. 8° B.g., No. L105 or No, L 484, GENERAL COMMENTS 2. SYZYGIES Various astrological doctrines require the position of the preceding conjunction and opposition. One from An- tigonus,*” four from Vettius Valens,** and eleven from late authors *® mention a syzygy. In all these cases the choice between conjunction or opposition follows the rule that the syzygy that is nearer to the day of the horoscope has to be taken. A subsequent conjunction is only once taken into consideration, namely, in No. L114,V. Since it falls nine days later than the horoscope, the preceding oppo- sition would have been much closer to the date of the horoscope. All these cases come from the literary horoscopes. Among the papyri only one doubtful instance exists (No. 338) in which perhaps the preceding opposition is meant by the term dméxpovots.°° Eclipses are mentioned in the horoscope of Proclus (No. L412) and in No. L486. The full moon near conception is considered in No. L 74,IV. 3. THE FIRST TABLE IN VETTIUS VALENS VIII The horoscopes No. L 419 and No. L 431 determine the length of life by making use in a somewhat modified form *+ of a table whichis given at the end of Book VIII of the Anthology of Vettius Valens.°* It was this prac- tical application which led us to the discovery of the method by which this table was originally constructed. Since this procedure illustrates very well the combina- tion of serious astronomical concepts with arbitrary manipulation of numbers in order to obtain new complex astrological rules we shall explain here the essential steps in the building up of the whole table.% The starting point is a table of rising times of System A for Alexandria with the provision that the equinox is placed at Y 8°, thus following System B of Baby- lonian astronomy. From the 8th degree of one sign to the 8th degree of the next, linear interpolation is used. It is characteristic for the latitude of Alexandria that the ratio of longest to shortest daylight is given by M:m==7:5. This suffices for computing the whole table of rising times and from it a table of the length of daylight for each single degree of solar longitude. As usual these values are expressed in “ time degrees ” ; consequently one assumes M = 3,30 at 9% 8° and m= 2,30 at VS 8° respectively. Presently we shall give the values for all signs at 8°. A table of this kind is of purely astronomical interest SN ona 40: ESIN Osh der /4alivi ao lentil Sst ZeoNalllls 8° Out of 17 horoscopes between L 412 and L 497. °° The reading is not certain, however. Cf. the commentary to No. L419 (p. 136). *? Kroll p. 321 to 324. °’'We did not succeed, however, in explaining all details in the second table (p. 325 to 328 Kroll). iS LROULOGICAL DATA and indeed an indispensable tool for all computations of rising times, culminating degrees and similar problems which make use of the arithmetical methods of Hel- lenistic astronomy. This table is now arbitrarily com- bined with a scheme of the even numbers from 2 to 30 which has no astronomical significance whatever. These numbers are arranged in five groups as follows 26 20 14 8 2 Zomee 2 L eee Oe 10 4 (1) COP 241 SE 12 6 Deco Re ZO | 14 8 Btn EA Noe alee) (Oke DRO Ee lee | Vs The increase in each column is 2 (mod. 30) between consecutive numbers, and — 6 == -+ 24 (mod. 30) hori- zontally. These 30 numbers are now associated with the 30 degrees of each zodiacal sign in a fashion which may be illustrated in the case of £: The degrees from ¥ 1 to 6 are associated with the group 14, 16, ..., 24; then, jor the six degrees irom 7 to 12 the group 8, 10, ..., 18 is used, then follows for the next six degrees the pioapes, 4, ..., 12 then 26, 28, , 6 and finally 2, 22, , 30. Exactly the same principle is followed for the other signs. Within each sign the groups follow each other in the order of the scheme (1), read cyclically. The whole scheme of associations between the 360 de- grees of the ecliptic and the 12 times repeated numbers (1) is therefore known if we indicate the numbers asso- ciated with the first degree of each sign. The law which governs this construction is very simple: one begins at == 1° with 2 and adds 12 mod. 30. Thus one obtains for the first degree of all signs the following numbers: = MN mM VS aw 2 7 8 WM So Sh TQ 4 Zat4e26. 8220" 2-14 26 8 20° 2 14 and from it, oe (1) the numbers for all other integer degrees, e.g. for Libra: poe ip eS ae Oe / 4 6 8 8 etc. (3) 1012 26 28 etc n=2 All these numbers are tabulated in the column headed by apiO.0l. Having now all the numbers at our disposal we can proceed to the columns called “‘ years, months, days ” which are used for the astrological prediction. These time intervals are obtained as follows. Let A be an integer degree of longitude, eg., X= 8. With this 175 longitude are associated (a) the number nm and (b) the length of daylight c(A) —in our example n = 28 and c = 3,0°. We now form the products t—c:O:n where O;n indicates that we assign to the numbers n the place value of sixtieths. The resulting integers of t are then counted as years, 0;5 as one month, 0;2,30 as 15 days. Thus we obtain for our example t — 3,0-0;28 = 1,24 = 84 years and indeed 84 is the entry in the table under “ Potente s In the same fashion all entries for ¢ in the whole table can be obtained though the Pacons are usually rounded off to a nearby multiple of 0;5 i.e. “‘ months.” In details many scribal errors can be detected, e.g., omission of years ” 0, {0 = 22 YY 0} X gS 3 m m x 6 Te No2OM NOH Ror 1, 16; 13, 20 TABLE 14a, Notes to Table 14a: @ One would expect 32;45 = e and 6 explains this error. > The 8 is dittography from the preceding line (#% 7: 39y. 8m.). Correct would be 40y. 9m. ¢Expected: 1,16;10 = 76y.2m. (cf. mM and 7%). The 7 is dittography from the preceding line (3€7: 70y.7m.). Sas Sa, (Gis Or Confusion of lines and resulting incorrect alignments, dittographies etc. but it would now be an easy task to reconstruct the whole table in its original form. As an example the results for the 8th degrees of all signs are listed in the table 14a. The table of the text contains an additional column in which a planet is associated with a group of lines. Since this column is not used in our material we need not discuss a possible restoration of this entry which was particularly maltreated by successive scribes and editors. * Kroll p. 321,IV,11. IV. THE AUTHORS OF THE LITERARY HOROSCOPES ? One might arrange the “literary horoscopes ’’ either according to their dates or according to the literary source. Both classifications lead to almost exactly the same division of our material. About 130 horoscopes are older than a.p. 190; about 20 are later than a.p. 380; no literary horoscopes are preserved from the two centuries in between. In the older group all but seven come from the Anthology of Vettius Valens. Two come from Balbillus, three concern Hadrian and his family and are taken from Antigonus of Nicaea, the sixth is the astrologer Manetho’s horoscope (No. L80), the seventh the horoscope of the rhetor Aristides (No. L117,X). The later group contains the horoscope of Proclus (No. L412), 8 examples from Palchus, 7 from Rhetorius, one each from Hephaestion and Eutocius, plus two of unknown origin.t Hence we have two major groups: the older authors Balbillus, Antigonus, Vettius Valens, and through him perhaps Critodemus, all from the first and second century A.p.; then the later sources, Hephaes- tion, Rhetorius, and Palchus, essentially of the fifth century. The literary horoscopes conclude with the horoscope of Islam, allegedly cast in the first year of the Hijra but actually composed in a.p. 775, the year of al-Mansir’s death, the ruler under whom Islamic astronomy took over the lead from the Greeks. AM VEL TIUS VALENS 1. The importance of the Anthology of Vettius Valens for our subect can be illustrated by the following figures. With its about 130 (partial or complete) horoscopes it contains twice as many examples of Greek horoscopes as all papyri combined. Without Vettius Valens (whose examples range from a.p. 37 to 188) we should have only five examples of “ literary’ horoscopes before a.p. 380. In 1899 Bouché-Leclercq wrote? “ J’ai renoncé a exploiter a fond cet ouvrage, tout en casuistique sans idées et en problemes d’arithmétique que lincertitude des sigles et des chiffres rend le plus souvent inintelligi- bles.”” Since then Kroll’s edition appeared (1908) and some scattered fragments were published in the twelve volumes of the CCAG. The Anthology, during the Middle Ages, was a much used work and consequently the text, as we have it, is in very bad shape. It may suffice to quote two instances from the present material : + Preserved as additions to Vettius Valens, perhaps taken from Rhetorius. ? No. L380 is the earliest horoscope in this second group. The year 379 is the epoch for the list of stars of the “ Astrolo- gus anni 379” published CCAG 5,1 p. 196 ff. Paulus Alexan- drinus supposedly wrote in 378 (I.c. p. 196). 2 AG p. XIII. the horoscope L61,X in III,8 appears once more in a slightly different form in VIII,8 (where it does not belong at all) and the horoscope L118, published in CCAG 2 from an anonymous De planetis, is merely a version of a horoscope of which three other versions are preserved in the Anthology. Only a prolonged and detailed study will lead to a better understanding of the text, its composition, and its — undoubtedly great — influence upon later treatises. The horoscopes provide, as we shall see, an important help for the establishment of an internal chronology of the work itself and of its sources. On the other hand we gain valuable informa- tion of the astronomical, astrological, and historical character of a comparatively large and uniform group of horoscopes. It is for these reasons that we must discuss the horoscopes of the Anthology as a separate unit. 2. All horoscopes in Vettius Valens serve a specific purpose, namely to provide examples for certain doc- trines which are discussed in the main body of the work. A priori it would be perfectly permissible to assume that such examples were arbitrarily made up in order to demonstrate by concrete configurations how conclu- sions should be drawn from them according to theory. If this were the case we should have very little chance to find such a configuration actually occurring, say, during the first two centuries of our era. The fact that every one of these horoscopes can be shown to be astro- nomically correct for a date in the first or second century A.D. is therefore proof that Vettius Valens was using empirical material exclusively, collected either by him- self or by his predecessors.* A more detailed analysis of these data will show us that a large “proportion of this material was gathered during the decades from about 140 to 170. Thus, during these years Vettius Valens himself was systematically collecting and ana- lyzing a large amount of statistical material of birth data, life histories, and deaths in order to confirm or to modify the theoretical structure of astrology. This shows that Hellenistic-Roman astrology was still under development near the end of the second century a.pD. Ancient propaganda as well as insufficient criticism of modern scholarship has often succeeded in obliterating such facts by postulating an origin of astrology in the far remote past. 3. The Anthology contains some 40 explicit references to years of the Roman imperial period and about 100 horoscopes which do not quote their dates but which can be dated astronomically. Both groups provide a “This confirms his repeated claims of drawing on his own experience. Cf., eg. No. L122,XII first version. 176 VETCIUS total of 77 cases where either events are quoted which happened at a certain age of the subject or where the age is mentioned at which the person died. By adding these years to the date of birth we obtain dates which are earlier than, or at the most equal to, the date of the writing of the section in question. Since it happens that these totals lie, usually, within very narrow limits for the single chapters, we can be sure that the date of writing practically coincides with the latest mentioned dates. 160 Ficure 27. Vettius Valens. Latest Dates Mentioned. Figure 27 shows the distribution of these latest recorded dates which range between 123 and 184. Of the 77 cases in question, 71 belong to the interval from 140 to 170 (or 55 to the years from 150 to 165). This shows of s mMnd an Moats Le, on at VALENS 177 question. Some of these references are found in book I (11 cases) as shown in line “b.’’ So far all dates con- cern birth only. Almost all the following cases give not only the date of birth but also the age at death. This is indicated in figure 29 by lines which connect the first and last year of life.* It is obvious from this graph that chapter VIII,6 must have been written in the years 156/158 (with one late addition in 174) whereas VIII,7 was completed about ten years later. The same sort of situation is found from the investi- gation of the much greater mass of astronomically dated horoscopes (figure 30). The early books contain dates of birth only, almost all belonging to the interval between AD. 50 and 120 though the very latest horoscope, for 188, is among them (II,26). Then follow horoscopes which either mention the length of life of the person (indicated by a closed line in figure 30) or investigate events during lifetime to a certain age (open lines in figure 30). Some of these horoscopes are used repeatedly for different purposes. Such repetitions are indicated in figure 30 by little empty squares. One sees clearly how certain chapters are based on closely contemporary material. Chapter V,10, for example (line “n” in figure 30), was completed essentially in 156/157, chapter VII,5 50 70 90 10 130 150 190 Ficure 28. Vettius Valens. Total of Horoscopes. that the gathering of material extended over a period of at least 25 or 30 years with perhaps a few borrowings from older sources and a few later additions up to A.D. 184. Essentially the same picture is obtained from the dates of birth gathered from all horoscopes which can be astronomically dated (figure 28). A few isolated cases belong to the period from 140 to 188. The majority of subjects were born between 100 and 140 and met im- portant events or death to be recorded some decades later. We shall return to this age distribution presently. Figure 28 suffices to show that some older material must have been taken from other sources, though not to a very great extent and only a few decades earlier. 4. By the same method one can even obtain some insight into the chronology of the composition of the Anthology. This can best be illustrated by means of figures 29 and 30. The first figure concerns the 40 cases where a date of birth is explicitly quoted. Their distribution is shown in line “a” where each little square represents one case belonging to the year in (line “u’”) in 164, whereas III,16 (“k”) and VII,3 (“s’) reach to 169/170 and even 173 respectively. Thus all evidence agrees that Vettius Valens must have worked for at least twenty years, from 154 to 174, on the composition of the Anthology, even if one disregards the isolated latest additions. 5. Since there is very little statistical material availa- ble for the life expectancy in antiquity, we give here in figure 31 a graphical representation of the ages of life reached by individuals whose horoscopes were discussed by Vettius Valens. The graph gives the totals for con- secutive decades. Thus the first point indicates that 6 children died before having completed ten years. We realize, of course, that 42 cases cannot have a real sta- tistical value though the individuals whose lives Vettius *Lines not ending in a black square indicate that the final year was investigated for its astrological significance but that we do not know whether it is the year of death or of some important event during lifetime. ° For a much more extensive statistical material cf. Hombert- Preatx [li]: 70 90 T@) 130 150 Te wie a % Le gi 8 %, hy, HeV ate) igre 30 THE AUTHORS OF (HELP RARY HOROSCOFrES 70 90 110 150 ISO Ficure 30. VETTIUS VALENS 179 50 T0 90 J10 130 150 170 190 a ry ao oes e« F ea ou ew bk me one 8 R fe 2 50 5 adk Figure 29. a. Total of dated references. b. Total from Book I. Coie ivand ae 7 Valens recorded seem not to be restricted to any particu- lar group of people. A similar graph is figure 32 which gives, again for con- secutive decades, the ages at which persons were still alive when Vettius Valens wrote about them. As usual, most of the events recorded in astrological literature are “crises,” either of health or of daily life. This explains the slight interest in the lowest age group. +++ is 10 30 50 70 years Figure 31. 6. We may now turn to astronomical questions in connection with those cases where explicit dates are mentioned by Vettius Valens. These are listed in chronological order in table 15. In the majority of cases only the positions of sun and moon are given, together with the Horoscopos and the hour.” Thus it is possible 7 In some cases, which are marked in the tables by an asterisk, we also have the corresponding complete horoscope which can d. VIII,6 in chronological order. e. VIII,7 in chronological order. jin LDS IRS) to check these data by computation. This leads to several interesting results. 10 S50 50 years FicureE 32. A. In all cases the longitudes of the sun given by Vettius Valens are greater than the longitudes found by modern computation ® (cf. table 16 and figure 33). be found under the L-number for the corresponding date— All dates are understood to be Alexandrian dates. ® All conversions of Alexandrian to Julian dates were obtained by means of the tables of Schram and then checked by means of the lunar positions. All differences in longitudes are rounded off to full degrees. In the fourth case two points are plotted corresponding to the difference in the solar position as given in VIII,7 and in the horoscope No. L 75. 180 The deviations vary between 7° and 2° and show a decreasing trend. The skew line in figure 33 indicates how much the decrease would be owing to precession. It seems to be admissible to assume that the tables upon which these computations were based showed a dif- ference of about + 5° in a.p. 50 and of about + 34° in A.D. 160. This seems in general agreement with the Julian Date Athyr (iL) 2 Mesore(Xl) 6/7 Thoth(x) IA/IS Epi phi (xt) 22 317 IS Epiphi(XI) 25/26 305, 26 311,26 Pham. (WW) 20/2) Choiak (IZ) } 310,34 3H, 1 Pachon (7) 20 Athyr (ZZ) 24 316 24 308,18 310,01 35 1S $2, 16 Choiak(™) 1/2 Pharm.(¥@) 26 Payni (GQy 8 Pham. (@) 18 Mesore (XI) 2 meee 7/18 Thoth(Z) 14/is Fayni(Z) Athyr (IZ) 27 es) eg . " 30 Pham, (ZZ) 29/30 Athyr (II) 30 Mechir (~) 13 19 Pachon (&) 23/24 Pham. (Ww) 28/29 Mechir (71) 13/14 Athyr (™) j Epiphi (HI) 16 Pham. (W@) 2 Tybi(Z) 28/24 Mechir (ZI) 23 Athyr (I) 25/26 Ty bi (Z) 12. Pham. (YQ) TT Phaophi (1) fe) Athyr (i) 28/29 TABLE 15. deviation observed in the Demotic planetary tables which belong to the period from — 16 to a.p. 131.° B. Whenever the hour is an hour of daylight only one date is given (example No. 4: Epiphi 22 5® day- ® Cf. above p. 173. THE AUTHORS OPPs tiie El TRRARY* HOROSCOPES time). Whenever the hour is an hour of the night a double day number is given (example No. 3: Thoth 14/15 11" night). Thus Vettius Valens follows the general usage for quoting dates at night time in Hel- lenistic and Roman Egypt.?° C. Regnal years are counted according to the Alexan- drian calendar and are in agreement with the canon given in 1,19 (p. 32,24 ff. Kroll). The following table gives the attested correspondences to this canon: Thota (i) lef Julian year Nero year 0 53 August Zo Vespasian 0 67 30 Titus 0 U7 29 Domitian 0) 80 29 Nerva 0 95 30 Trajan 0 96 jx) Hadrian 0) aS 30 Antoninus 0 136 29 Examples: Domitian 2 Pachon (IX) 20 =80+2-+1 May 15=83 May 15. Domitian 5 Athyr (III) 24 = 80 + 5 November 20 = 85 November 20. 7. Weare now ina position to extend our investiga- tion of the counting of longitudes to all horoscopes in Vettius Valens. The results are of necessity less accurate since deviations between ancient and modern computa- tion involve not only the difference in the definition of the zero point of longitude but also the inaccuracies of both the ancient and the modern computation. In the case of the sun these inaccuracies are much smaller than in the case of the planets with their much higher irregularity of motion. In fact the interest of the fol- lowing investigation lies less in the confirmation of a difference in counting of longitudes than in a possibility of obtaining some insight into the accuracy of the plane- tary tables used by Vettius Valens. From the following comparison between ancient and modern computation we exclude, of course, those cases where the ancient text is entirely wrong, either, perhaps, because of an error in computation, or, more likely, as the result of copyist errors. The number of such gross deviations is, by the way, surprisingly small. We find 9 cases for Mars, 4 for Mercury, and 3 each for Jupiter and Venus. The deviations which are of interest are of a different character. In seven horoscopes we find positions given by degrees, some even by degrees and minutes. Here a direct comparison with modern computation is possible. Almost all cases show longitudes greater than according to modern computation. The corresponding differences are entered in the following tables (table 17). As ex- *° Cf. above p. 167 ff. 181 VEDIIUS VALENS AS nbinokny 82 AA4NIY = 47 AON (6 ‘se cd) Puos seau Qu fe Joa JUaoue : 92 akyy = $2 ‘AOA) nooXodp,, nor ‘peas g2'Log of ! ‘62 2941 = heuer (2 Zig ca uoow nef yeau ‘ai sof Joua @ noyudsonz aor SneSronr2.0WK), ‘peed 9£'90¢ d 82 “ULEY = b2 YoseL/ eZ uoYydey = B/ hey 3) Sr98panSavy, van $ikayy:12'9z'd bz weyy = $2 yrsey we sof Joss lu (ol YROHL ga yLt Feu = 01 Jos: C11 LI ‘sey =o) Gov b2 Q :2ueweAr :H é Z YLIOYD = BZA] uoi2Maluod (yb? JA4aY = 92 "AON oO? meyy 91 YAEL Loran 61 Aner ‘ Jusuuos ‘of 7 ‘OV 4 514044 = 2) pda SysewWoy 2 HN@QXvype@ 6 QOXEGR fF Pex sat Foxx % fr 4] ‘Ol ATAV, N be ‘Aw Sel £2 ‘Aon (Ei) ARS) be ‘uer Che ES RE ot Ajor 82 790 bz sey) 31 hey g ageey S2 yssely 92 "AON 8 aune 30! a" Gee gz Ayr Z aur {2 udy 82 “AOn] ‘AON sy Key (92 AON 91 Y4eLy 6) Np gt Ayer e/ ae bz Band DP Bog et ee eet i ee os PS Rte oie O SO! LIS NaN 9) NTL) r) N= SD E* OSG EVHKE ff OE FQ x ff [Rm ws Ho oC Bae ear erere: LE 12 2yz1 es lu Ss $++eeete et = le expo Roy sp do flood ff eet om RDS eHN HOANMPFWMDO EHH NTH ~MMHYO”OYTNTHO--— BR eee 2, Ls! 2st Lo! KS] ey beh 1g] lel Sel {2/ oz! by 8/l Sil 7225 Gy EI vil yIl boy sol 201 ub tpeas P 1a4oqsad Pp i740lsad p :e4ojsos u © :peas ipeos -In ald x Yr Qnbyr-OMmannzronn—m™ S0 LC ase Se eS Sis fe oe wk [4 =IN s-— / % -IN be/a2 (ML) ¥Ay2y 21 (Z) 94L ge(sz (aw) +h4ay £2 (H) pay bo/sz (XZ) 194 ; (HH) ‘meyg | (&) wdidy 4 (m) Ne = 62/a2 (Wd) meng re[t2 (XI) “9Y2®d 1 (H) 4249, os/bz (Ta) “eY4g os (qa) 4k IY bl (XK) wAed Sil (I) 4POXL sli/li « n J e. (ix) Josaly g (x) uAey 92 (WA) mseYY 2/1 (Zt) 4e1049 ye (1) Away 02 (x7) woYred / re a (z/oz (Md) ‘we 92/se (Tx) 1d! as 22 (®) ry de Sifpt (I) 4Z°4L Zz (m)aAuy (Sc a 182 pected they are mostly near + 4° or + 5° with the exception of only No. L 127,XI which shows even nega- tive deviations. By far the best agreement is found for sun and moon. Larger deviations in some cases for the planets must be due to a lower accuracy of plane- tary tables and to the increased chance for errors in computing. Text — Comp. © THE AUTHORS OF THE LITERARY HOROSCOPES Here the results are less regular (figure 35), especially for Mars and Mercury, where deviations of less than + 3° must be interpreted as caused by real deviation in the tables, probably due to special situations as retro- gradations or stations. Obviously Mars is by far the worst case. I=I PI 110 jm — = i =I ist It | *) Variant: + 5,50. 4 TABLE 17. For the majority of horoscopes no such direct nu- merical comparison is possible since all positions are given by zodiacal sign only. In many cases, however, we find that modern computation leads for one or two planets to a position near the end of a sign (e.g., 4 28) where the text gives the next sign (3). Such formal deviations are marked in our commentaries by (!). In fact, however, one must expect exactly this phenomenon if ancient longitudes are numerically greater than modern ones. Thus we have here a possibility of saying that the ancient longitudes are at least so much greater than the modern ones if we register all differences up to the boundary of a sign. Figure 34 shows all these lower limits ‘t which again agree very well with an actual deviation of 4° or 5°. Similarly one can look for upper limits by collecting all cases where modern longitudes fall, say, between 25° and 30° without producing a change of sign in the text. 11'The connecting lines between the single points are, of course, of no significance whatever. 8. On several occasions Vettius Valens tells us the clima”’ where the subject of a horoscope was born. This gives us some indication of the wide range of persons with whom the author had come in contact. Since the climata are in almost all cases mentioned in connection with the rising times of zodiacal signs, we obtain in this way also some astronomical information together with an insight into the astrological practice which appears here as rather unconcerned with the accuracy of its data. We have 53 cases in which Vettius Valens mentions the “ clima”’ in which a person was born. The distribu- tion of cases is shown in figure 36.12 Clima 1, Alexan- dria, clima 2, Syria and Palestine, and clima 6, Rome and Italy, furnish the majority of cases with 11, 17, and ce Tn one case, clima 2, the date of the horoscope is not certain (L 75,1). In two cases, L105 and No. 32 in the list of table 15 (127 Oct. 28), the clima is doubtful: clima 6 or 3 in the first case (Kroll p. 308,18 and 25), clima 5 or 1 in the second case (p. 306,35 and 307,7). The dotted line in figure 36 corresponds to the second alternative. VETTIUS VALENS 15 persons respectively, whereas only 10 cases are left for the four remaining climata. Such a distribution is in good accord with Alexandria as locality where Vettius nan eee + y ci ¥ 2 50 70 90 ilo 130 150 Figure 34. . 9 4 2 183 Valens ** and his predecessors collected their evidence ; it also confirms our previous conclusion that we are dealing with real cases and not with artificially com- posed horoscopes. In several horoscopes astrological doctrines are dis- cussed for which the rising times of the zodiacal signs play a role, e.g., in the determination of the length of life or of critical years. Since the rising times depend upon the geographical latitude, Vettius Valens gives in these cases the “ clima” in which the person was born. His definition of the seven climates is found in I,7 where he states that for the first clima the total of the rising times from 25 to # amounts to 210° and 4° more for each clima up to 234° for the seventh clima. Since azg-+- +++ a)— MM, the longest daylight, his statement is equivalent to saying that 17 = 3,30 in the first clima, 3,34 in the next, etc. A glance at table 2, p. 4, shows that he is operating with the sequence (a) which is based on Alexandria. Since he furthermore assumes constant differences for the rising times of a given clima, he has chosen System A."* This clear theoretical statement in Book I is, however, not in accord with his practice. If one investigates all Ficure 35. 18 That he reached Egypt after much travel he reports him- self in IV,11 (p. 172,4; p. 173,21 ff. Kroll). = (Cris so 14: 184 cases in which climata and rising times are stated, one finds some interesting results. “ Clima 1” means in all (14) cases Alexandria, System A, since the numbers agree exactly with our table 2 p. 4 col. l,a. “ Clima 2” is always (23 cases) Babylon (col. 1,b in table 2) and System A, with one exception (2 cases in No. L 120,XII) where System B was used. So far one is simply dealing with the two historically most important and oldest lists of rising times: Systems A and B for Babylon, System A for Alexandria. But for the remain- ing climata almost complete arbitrariness is apparent. This can be best illustrated by means of the following table 18 in which an x-mark indicates a certain case THE- AUTHORS OF- THESE WE RARY HORQSCOPES clima, whereas our table shows that the use of the proper clima is not the rule but the exception. The majority of all values can be explained as belonging to the clima 2,b (Babylon) and System B,*° regardless of the clima in which the subject is said to have been born. Thus we have obtained the following result. Only for the first clima, Alexandria, does Vettius Valens use the rising times which he has instructed us to compute in I,7. He already violates his rules for the second clima, for the region of Palestine and Syria, though he is still using a consistent scheme, namely, the classical rising times for Babylon,’® System A and, once, System B. From this point on he chooses rising times as he sees 0 3 lO Sioa W a 8 6 a a i oa ae eo BS 8 8 2 OFS 3 =f 4 a 80 a aw 3 BEA z soe Eua 0 dn a0 J r E 5 al as B Py ee eee 50 70 90 10 130 150 170 Ficure 36. whereas (x) means that either System A or System B is possible. For example, a;) 27 occurs in clima 7,a in System A or in clima2,b System B. If Vettius Valens had followed the rules which he gave in I,7, then all cases would be represented in the squares which indicate Clima used for rising times EREPEECECEE EEE BEECH ECE Ee x00, = aie i uy es oe TABLE 18. the first half (a) of a clima and System A (represented in table 18 by a black frame). But it is clear that we cannot expect so much strictness since we have already seen that for clima 2 the second half (b) was used, and for both climata 1 and 2 not only System A but also System B. Thus we may expect for all climates rising times which belong to any one of the four possible com- binations of A and B with (a) and (b). We ought not find, however, rising times which belong to a different fit in order to obtain the desired results in his astro- logical explanations. Both Systems A and B are used with a preference for B and for the clima of Babylon. But the fact remains that about one-third of the given rising times have nothing to do with the clima in question. Thee cases must be eonsiee! as deliberate modifica- tion of the given data. . 9. The fact that only the climata of Alexandria and Babylon are properly used by Vettius Valens might suggest that in his time, or at the time of his main sources, the systematic theory of the “ seven climata”’ was not yet common knowledge. Also the accurate determination of the culminating point (M) is not yet of any importance in the Anthology. Though “ Mid- heaven ”’ is often mentioned, it is generally simply the third sign from the Horoscopos. In only three cases are we given the accurate position of M (Nos. L75 75,1 110,111), all from book III. The result in the second case agrees with the approximate method of Paulus Alexandrinus, the third case with accurate computation, the first with neither one. Thus we are not in a position to say which method was followed by Vettius Valens for the determination of M. The lunar nodes which later on, especially in Hindu +5 All the cases in clima 6 where values (x) from clima 7,a System A are possible are also explicable as values from clima 2,b System B. 46Tn fact the only climates not designated by number are Alexandria (in No. L74,IV) and Babylon (reference to 79 Noy. 28 = No. 7 in table 15 p. 180). CRITODEMUS astrology, obtain the same significance as the planets, play a very secondary role in Vettius Valens. The ascending node is mentioned three times only, again book III (Nos. L74,IV; 75,1; 115,11), though rules for its computation are given in 1,16. Since a good mean value for the nodal motion is easily obtainable, it is not surprising that we find good agreement with modern computation. In spite of the great extent of astrological doctrine contained in the Anthology, one receives the impression that the development of the theory had not yet reached its climax in the second century A.p. when both Vettius Valens and Ptolemy wrote their compendia. And both authors were satisfied by using simple arithmetical schemes, e.g., for the rising times, which belong to a period of astronomical theory which had been long surpassed at that time. The cliché which is so popular in histories of astronomy about the stimulating influence of astrology on exact astronomy is nowhere born out where we are able to control the details. B. CRITODEMUS The determination of the dates of the horoscopes which are contained in the Anthology also puts the problem of the age of the sources of Vettius Valens in a new light. Since almost all the dates in the earlier books (cf. figure 30) belong to the second half of the first century A.D., one has no definite proof of the use of essentially older sources. This raises a new diffi- culty in the dating of Critodemus who is frequently quoted by Vettius Valens and seems to be one of his most important sources besides the traditional Nechepso- Petosiris.17 Cumont *§ considers Critodemus as “ un des premiers auteurs qui révélerent aux Grecs les arcanes de l’astrologie babylonienne.”” Though the factual basis for such a role is, to say the least, exceedingly slim, the mere fact that Critodemus precedes Vettius Valens makes him one of the earliest known authors on astrology and hence the determination of his date becomes a prob- lem of some interest. The existing evidence outside of Vettius Valens is easily summarized.1? Pliny quotes him among his au- thorities for Book II and Book VII 7° and mentions him together with Berossus in Book VII in connection with fictitious Babylonian chronological schemes.*! Thus Critodemus could be at the latest, a contemporary of Pliny, in the first century A.p.2?, No real information about the contents of his writing flows from this source. *7 Cf. the Index in Kroll p. 374. =" Lux perpetua, p: 311. ** A nearly complete list of fragments is given by Schnabel, Berossos, p. 18 to 120. As we shall see, his fragments No. 14 and 15 are actually identical; cf. note 25. °° Ed. Ian-Mayhoff vol. I p. 14,36 and p. 22,44 respectively. ** Tan-Mayhoff, vol. II p. 68,4 (VII,193). *2 Schnabel (Ber. p. 118) guesses that this whole passage comes from Posidonius, the convenient repository for all sources which cannot be localized. 185 After Vettius Valens not much more is available. Firmicus (fourth century) mentions Critodemus in the introduction to Book IV 2* as a known authority beside the traditional mystical names. Hephaestion (who died later than 382 ?*) quotes him verbatim in II,10, a chap- ter on stillborn children.”° This is straightforward astro- logical doctrine of the ordinary type. Finally, Theo- philos *° (eighth century) ascribes to Critodemus, with Valens, Dorotheus and Timocharis, the use of ” 0° for the counting of longitudes, a statement which obviously has no merit of historical accuracy. Turning now to Vettius Valens we must distinguish two types of references to Critodemus: (a) quotations from and remarks about a work of Critodemus called dpaois “ Vision” ** and (b) excerpts concerning specific astrological doctrines. It is well known how Vettius Valens criticizes the dpaois for obscurity and artificiality of style. All this has been described excellently by Boll 28 and Cumont 2° and need not be repeated here. One is probably right in saying that the obscurity of writing in the épacs agrees with its being an early astrological work of a more general character. Be this as it may, no particular obscurity can be detected in those chapters of the Anthology of Vettius Valens which are directly ascribed to Critodemus or can be assigned to him with good reason. These chapters contain also several horoscopes, whose dates, now estab- lished, all point to the decades around 100a.p., thus to one or two generations before Vettius Valens, but defi- nitely after Pliny. We now present the evidence for these excerpts from Critodemus. (A) Vettius Valens III,7 is called “On dangerous loci and starters from (the writings of) Critodemus.” *° This chapter is followed by III,8 and VIII,8 (which again are concerned with dangerous loci) preserved in two slightly different versions, as shown in our discussion ** of the horoscope No. .61,X which is contained in this chapter. Critodemus is again quoted in connection with Thesdocthiie mor ties Grime: ia V,l1°? and Vi12.% °** Kroll-Skutsch, vol. I p. 196,24. ** Book II contains the horoscope No. L 382. *° The first half of this long quotation is published CCAG 8,2 p. 64,24 to p. 65.4. The same text plus a second part of about the same length is preserved in a cod. Vindob., quoted CCAG 6 p. 14 F. 302" (checked on photo). This is Schnabel’s fragment No. 14. The same text, once more, F. 303” and again F. 341° (Schnabel’s fragment No. 15). CCAG Ep: USO Or. A Vette Vala lili Ze@ed 50 tite and XS pret. (p. 329,18 ff.) = €CAG 1 pn /S loi andy OGAG 52> p:-48/30 °° RE 11,2 col. 1928(4) ff. °° Lux perpetua p. 311 ff. * Kroll ps 142,20 tf. to™p. 143.4== CCAG i; p, 36, F. 303%; CCAG 2%, i. 73, 1s SIR’? (COAG Se Aw (aL) 22 Cie We OA ia = KrollpaZzoai 22s *° Kroll p. 234,31 f Cf. for the Latin version of this chapter Gundel, HT p. 39,24 and p. 335f. Only the horoscope No. 186 These two chapters contain the horoscopes Nos. L 37, L 92,II, and L104,VII. The investigation in No. L 37 is extended to the year 68. (B) Chapter III,12 in which the first reference to the dpacts occurs,** is followed in III,13 by examples con- cerning the doctrines about the length of life. The same problem (ypdver €o4s) is discussed in IX,8 which con- tains two references to Critodemus;** as mentioned before, the introduction to book IX provides us with the second reference to the dpacis.*® Chapter III,13 con- tains three closely related horoscopes: L74,IV for the clima of Alexandria and recording a death in May of 144; L.115,II for a person who died in July 147; and L 75,1 with the age of 76 years at death. (C) The anonymous author of a section in cod. Paris. 2425 ** has given us a short table of contents from some work of Critodemus, the title of which is not given. At the end the scribe intended to mention the date of Critodemus but failed to insert it.** Cumont realized that these chapters correspond to Vettius Valens IV,17 to 24. This is supported by the fact that Critodemus is given as author by Vettius Valens for [V,26 *° dealing with the length of life. Unfortunately, no horoscopes are included in these chapters.* (D) Chapter II,41 on “violent death” contains a series of eleven horoscopes, dates of which range from 65 to 123.44. Nine of these horoscopes (now ranging from 65 to 115) are also contained in a Vatican codex,* but now placed at the end of Book IX though with the remark ** “end of Book II”’ as is indeed the place of TL41>) The title, of this. chapter “is mow. | On’ the yielding of chronocratorship of the planets; (chapter) 2: the assignments. From the (books) of Critodemus.” There is also one more horoscope given at the begin- ning of this version than given in II,41, namely, No. L112,VIII.* It is found in Kroll’s edition of Vettius Valens at the end of I1,36,*° which is its proper place since it does not concern a case of violent death but a case of sickness, the subject of II,36. The evidence of L104,VII would fall within the portion covered by the Latin version of V,12, but it is omitted. st Kroll ps 50sec 85 Kroll p. 348,9=CCAG 5,2 p. 124,24 and Kroll p. 350,31 = CCAG 5,2 p. 126,34. 86 Cf. note 27. °7 CCAG 8,3 p. 102 (cf. also p. 91); CCAG 8,4 p. 38. 88 CCAG 8,3 p. 102,16 and note 2. °° Kroll p, 202,261. (omitted in his index p. 374) =CCAG 52-p. 7 (IV26) *° The earlier parts of Book IV belong undoubtedly to Vettius Valens himself and were written in 154/156. “ Cf. the list given in the introduction to No. L 65,V. = CCAG 52 codes: SCCAG 3:2 pa lOg(iSeZ0)e CCAG 5:2 paler *° CCAG 5,2 p. 120,30-32. * Kroll p. 114,16-18. THE, AUTHORS OF THE /LITERAR YetHOROSCOPES such disorder in the Paris version combined with the fact that its title does not fit the cases of “‘ violent death ”’ of the horoscopes discredits the attribution to Crito- demus. On the other hand a doctrine on violent death is ascribed to Critodemus by Rhetorius.** (E) Gundel identified in the “ Liber Hermetis Tris- megisti”’ which he had discovered, two sections which contain enlarged versions of chapters assigned by Greek texts to Critodemus. The first is Vettius Valens V,12, mentioned above in (A).%* The second is a discussion of the “ terms,” the Greek version of which is published in CCAG 8,1; ** its greatly enlarged version is chapter 25 of the Liber Hermetis.4® No horoscopes are con- tained in these chapters. Summarizing the impression one obtains from all these passages which are ascribed to Critodemus, one would hardly discover any significant difference between them and the rest of the Anthology. The dates of the horoscopes connected with these sections would point to an author perhaps fifty years older than Vettius Valens. All this is in flagrant contradiction to a date before Pliny and to the stylistic character of the épaccs. The obvious solution of this dilemma, however, the assumption of two persons called Critodemus, finds no support whatever in the way in which “ Critodemus ” is quoted by Vettius Valens and everywhere else. The chronology of early astrology is still full of unsolved problems. C. ANTIGONUS OF NICAKA The date of this author is determined °° by the fact that he refers in his discussion of the horoscope of Hadrian (No. L 76) to the death of this emperor (A.D. -138), while his writings are quoted by Porphyry in his “Introduction” to the Tetrabiblos ** late in the third century.°? No sharper limits seem to be obtainable from the astrological literature.** Kroll assumed ** identity of the astrologer with a ““CCAG 8,4 p. 199,15-202,10 (cf. also p. 117 next to last paragraph). The same in CCAG 2 p. 43 F. 103" and in CCAG Sali pi7 Steeelos 4° CCAG 8,1 p. 257,21-261,2. Cf. also CCAG 2 pros becuase 5,1 p. 40 F. 160° and p. 45 F. 184"; 5,2 p. 76 F. 88%; 81 p. 105 F. 138. * The parallel passages are listed by Gundel, HT, Index p. 357. °° Cumont in CCAG 8,1 p. 242 note 1. There are three articles on Antigonus in Pauly-Wissowa: vol. 1, col. 2422 (No. 24) by Riess, Suppl. 1 col. 90 by Cumont, Suppl. 5 col. 2 by Kroll. *t Ed. Boer-Weinstock, CCAG 5,4 p. 223,18. °* Porphyry died between 301 and 305. ** Aside from the three horoscopes (Nos. L 40 L 76 L.113,1V) in Hephaestion and the passage in Porphyry only the following references are known: from Palchus, CCAG 1 p. 80,24 = CCAG 5,1 p. 205,14; CCAG 1 p. 107,4,13 = CCAG 6 p. 64,14,23; from Rhetorius, CCAG 2 p. 188,23; CCAG 81 p. 242154; from Lydus, CCAG 1 p. 81,8; from an anonymous author who wrote near the year 1000, CCAG 2 p. 44 F. 111. °* RE Suppl: 5 col. 2 THE LATE physician of the same name, who probably belongs to the time of Hadrian. We see no gain in such hypo- thetical constructions. Kroll also ascribed the fourth version of No. L 118 to Antigonus without realizing, however, that there existed three more versions of the same horoscope in the work of Vettius Valens. Thus No. L118 has no bearing on the problem of dating Antigonus. Om DE De PAE eA Ud HORS The gap in our material of about two centuries be- tween Vettius Valens and Hephaestion is probably caused by the accidents of preservation. With Palchus and Rhetorius, however, as Cumont has pointed out,”° we come near to a period in which astrological practice was severely suppressed until its revival in the eighth century. The horoscopes of the fifth century are there- fore probably the latest texts which are directly con- nected with the origin and development of Hellenistic astrology. 1. HEPHAESTION The horoscope No. L 380 seems to be the only con- temporary one found in the writings of Hephaestion.”® It is contained in Book II in the first chapter “ On con- ception and childbirth” and is partially repeated in the next chapter and in II,11.°7 It is the sole basis for the date of Hephaestion.** In CCAG 8,2 p. 86,21-23 three longitudes of stars are quoted from Book II,18. They compare as follows with the longitudes given in the Almagest : Hephaestion Almagest Regulus : eee) Syl 30) vy Aquaril: eae fey 17 340 a, Lauri: 8 15 8 12;40. An increase of about 24° between Ptolemy (a.p. 140) and Hephaestion would mean a time difference of about 250 years if Hephaestion had derived these longitudes from Ptolemy by using his constant of precession, counting longitudes from the vernal point. The close- ness of the resulting date, about 390, to the date of our horoscope seems to support the above-mentioned rela- tionship to the Ptolemaic catalogue of stars and a date near A.D. 400 for the life of Hephaestion. 2 PUNCEOS The lifetime of Palchus is known to us within com- paratively narrow limits from horoscopes in which he refers to statements made by himself, correct ones as _ well as an incorrect prediction.®® The earliest of these SJ Cumont pli) peo. Boll Ay p. 105; °° Hephaestion’s work contains in addition the three early horoscopes Nos. L 40, L 76 (Hadrian), and L113,1V (Pedanius Fuscus) which were taken from Antigonus of Nicaea. 57 Cf. the second and third versions, respectively. 58 Boll in RE 8 col. 309,60 ff. and CCAG 8,4 p. 246 note. 5° Cf. Cumont [11]; for Palchus in general cf. Cumont [12]. AUTHORS 187 references is found in No. L475, the latest in No. L 487. With the exception of No. L474 all other horoscopes preserved in the writings of Palchus belong to this interval.®° From No. L 479 it seems that Palchus was in Smyrna at the time of the arrival of the ship from Alexandria about which the “ inquiry ” was made. No. L 474 con- cerns a ship sailing from Caesarea (in Palestine) to the Hellespont, No. L475 deals with a journey to Athens, No. L484 with an event in Antioch. Only No. L486 concerns events in Alexandria, though without a direct indication of the presence of the writer.*t The fact that three horoscopes concern travel by ship, while No. L 487 discusses the prediction of the contents of a letter, is of interest since these topics correspond to two chapters in the work of Palchus which he took from a much earlier treatise which goes under the name of Zoroaster : Ilept ériotoAns dvaddcews and Tlepi wAotwv avaywyns.°? Apparently ancient doctrines were illustrated by up-to-date examples. Except for the first (No. L474) and the last (No. L487) horoscope, all planetary positions are given in degrees only. In No. L 474 half-degrees occur for the planets, minutes for the moon. In No. L487 degrees and minutes are given for the longitudes of Saturn and Jupiter but their correctness is not free from suspicion. The comparison with modern values of the longitudes given by Palchus, particularly for sun, moon, and nodes, shows deviations which place his zero point of longi- tudes close to Y 3° of the modern norm (cf. figure 37). 3. RHETORIUS Cumont used a list of stellar positions * for the de- termination of the date of Rhetorius and found ** a.p. 500.°° This agrees well with the dates Diocletian 145 = A.D. 428 and Diocletian 179 = a.p. 463 given in two of the seven horoscopes which are preserved under the name of Rhetorius. To the same period belong two astronomically dated horoscopes, No. L 482 concerning a “non-viable” child, and No. L440 for the gram- marian Pamprepius, who died 44 years old, i.e., in 484. There remain three more horoscopes of very uncertain date, namely, Nos. L 401, L 488, and L 516. °° Nos. L478, 479, 483, 484, and 486. *Cumont [12] p. 3 and p. 6 states that Palchus was an Egyptian according to his own statement. Cumont himself, how- ever, realized later on that the passage in question belongs to the “ Anonymous of the year 379” (CCAG 5,1 p. 1944. and p. 204,18). Cumont also states that the name Palchus points to Egyptian origin. This may be so but the Egyptological proof is lacking. °° Published by Bidez-Cumont, Mages II, pp. 209-224, and assigned to an early period of astrological literature because of the use of the older planetary names, Palvwy, Paédwy, etc. °° CCAG 5,1 pp. 219-226. * Cumont [11] p. 43; also Boll, Sphaera, p. 15. °° Another list leads to a.p. 484; cf. Cumont [11] p. 43 and oy CYL, 188 The horoscope No. L516 refers to clima 5 (Hel- lespont), while Nos. L401 and L488 give clima 4 (Rhodes) as geographical latitude, though in fact No. L 488 uses values which belong to clima 6.°° No. L 440, the horoscope of Pamprepius, who was born in Pano- polis in the Thebais ® is based on a latitude between clima 2 and 3 as should be the case for the latitude of Thebes. Nos. L482 and L516 are based on clima 5, while No. L. 463 was probably computed for Byzantium. THE AUTHORS, OF THE LITERARY HHOROSCORE> figure 38), ignoring, of course, gross deviations caused by some error of computation or copying. 4. EUTOCIUS As far as we were able to establish from CCAG the text of the horoscope No. L497 occurs in three manuscripts V: Vindob., Cod. philos. gr. 179 = CCAG 6 Cod. 3 Cumont collected °° all the evidence for an Egyptian (cf. p. 32) origin of Rhetorius but even the seemingly most solid M: Mutin., Cod. 85 = III, C, 6 = CCAG 4 Cod. 11 argument, the use of rising times valid for Alexandria,®° (cf. p. 32) actually supports strongly Cumont’s suspicion that the FF: Florent., Plut. 28, cod. 34—CCAG 1 Cod. 12 whole passage is lifted from Antiochus.’° The rising (cf. p09): Text — Comp. Ge 4 2 0 Cie, 5 a Ee ci Bon 8 Pa Pg my © ef ° ‘ be =6 470 480 490 470 480 490 470 480 490 490 AD. Ficure 37. Palchus. times in question follow the primitive arithmetical scheme of System A, whereas Rhetorius operates in all his horoscopes with the accurate values of the Handy Tabless™ The three earlier horoscopes (Nos. L401(?), 428, 440) give the longitudes in degrees and minutes, while the later ones (Nos. L 463, 482, 488(?), 516(?)) use degrees only, with the exception of degrees and minutes for the sun in Nos. L482 and L 488, and for the full moon in No. L 463. The deviations between ancient and modern computation are about the same as in the horo- scopes of Palchus, i.e., between — 2° and —3° (cf. °° Middle Pontus; cf. p. 5. °" Cf. RE 18,3 col. 409,56 ff. °° Cumont [11] p. 44 f. °° CCAG 1 p. 163,4-14. 7 Cf. Cumont fll py 44 note 7. “1 Cf. also Rhetorius’ own words, CCAG 1 p. 152,9-16 where he opposes the rising times of Ptolemy, which are “accurate to minutes,” to the “cruder” schemes “of the Egyptians and Valens.” Cumont, who did not know that F was a parallel to V and M, used the two latter manuscripts to establish a text which we call here the “second version” in con- trast with F which is our “ first version.” Cumont’s text is published in CCAG 4 pp. 103 to 110 with a long introduction (pp. 99 to 103). Of F only the beginning is published (CCAG 1 p. 170 f. F. 140Y), the main part being available to us in a photostat (cf. pl. 32). In V our horoscope forms part of “ Chapter 2” of a treatise called Astronomical Investigation of Julianus of Laodicaea. In M, however, Paulus Alexandrinus is given as author and Julianus appears as author of one chapter only (F. 83, corresponding to Chapter 3 in V) which is taken verbatim from the Tetrabiblos.™* Cumont “2 To complicate matters, the folio numbers are no longer the same as those given in CCAG 1 p. 69 but one higher. Our references give the printed, not the secret, numbers. The number 142a visible on pl. 32 corresponds to F. 141" of CCAG 1. "8 Cf. CCAG 4 p. 109. THEsLATE emended M and published a combined text “* under the title as it appears in V. He realized, however, that the longitudes of the fixed stars require a date near 500 whereas he assigned Julianus a date 120 years earlier. Text — Comp. 420 Text — Comp. AUTHORS 189 author. In all probability Julianus (in V) as well as Paulus (in M) has nothing to do with the chapter which contains the horoscope and one may only hope that the reference to Eutocius is more trustworthy. One 480 re 2 0 -2 ey, oOo mers0N Ne 2s0u 260 4708 0460. 490. «= «500-50 Text — Comp. —————————— 2 Ome): Ficure 38. Rhetorius The version of F not only gives the exact date, Dio- cletian 214 — Philip 821 7 = a.p. 497, fully confirmed by the astronomical elements, but it quotes Eutocius as ™ Using also Angelicus 29 (CCAG 5, 1 Cod. 2; cf. p. 32) which seems not to contain the section with the horoscope. A parallel is the Florent., Plut. 28 cod. 33=CCAG 1 Cod. 11, F. 247 (p. 56). ™ Kroll ([5] p. 128), who first drew attention to this horo- scope, thought he had found some discrepancy between these two dates but was corrected by Cumont (Kroll [5] p. 192 but read “Zu S. 128 f. 140”). Unfortunately, Kroll expressed him- self inaccurately by saying that 498 was the corresponding date in our era (instead of 497/498) whereas Cumont (CCAG 1 could then at least conclude that Eutocius had not died in 497. In other words, the date of the horoscope sheds no new light on the difficult question of the lifetime of Eutocius as derived from the dedication of his com- mentaries to Archimedes and Apollonius.’® p. 170 note 1) incorrectly equated it with 498/499. Cumont [11] p. 47 note 1 gives correctly 497 as date of the horoscope, asso- ciating it, however, with Juliants. 7 Cf. Tannery, Mém. Sct. 2 p. 118 ff. He assumes (p. 121) that Eutocius was born about 465. Hultsch in his article, RE 6,1 col. 1518 uses simultaneously the contradictory assumptions of Heiberg and Tannery. 190 5. STEPHANUS Usener, who edited the treatise which contains the horoscope No. L621, assumed ™ that its author, Ste- phanus, was the neoplatonist Stephanus of Alexandria who was a contemporary of the emperor Heraclius (610 to 641). He realized, of course, that the horoscope itself could not have been written by this Stephanus, since it reveals a knowledge of events up to A.D. 775, and con- sidered it as a later addition. Cumont, however, was undoubtedly right in rejecting this hypothesis since the whole treatise forms a unit ** from which the horoscope ™ Kleine Schriften III p. 247-322 (Bonn 1880). i COAGH Dalole THE AUTHORS OF DTHELLITERARYS HOROSCOPES cannot be separated. He therefore identified the author with a “ Stephanus the Philosopher ” of whom an astro- logical treatise “On the mathematical art” is, at least in part, preserved and the author of which came from Persia to Constantinople.” Since this later Stephanus declares that this art was transmitted from the Romans to the Saracens,®° he cannot have made this statement much before 800. Baghdad was not founded until 762, and Masha’allah, with whom Islamic astrology can be said to have become the heir of Hellenistic astrology, lived till about 810. ENCE UG: 2) iy MY. DAOC ANE: 2 say, UePAANi. GLOSSARY A. GREEK Numbers, separated by a colon, indicate text-number and line, as published here in Chapter I (p. 14 ff.). Numbers preceded by L refer to literary sources, trans- lated in Chapter II (p. 76 ff.). In these cases reference is made to the original publication of the Greek text, particularly to CCAG (quoted as C, followed by volume number, page and line) and to Kroll’s edition of Vettius Valens (quoted as V, followed by page and line). Example: L135 I V 156:17 means: Horoscope No. ietoo, Vettius Valens p. 156, line 17, ed. Kroll. Square brackets [ | indicate doubtful or supplied readings. The glossary is complete for the original sources. From the literary horoscopes selective references are made only to technical and unusual words. Additional indices are found in CCAG and in Vettius Valens, ed. Kroll. Occasionally we have listed words which do not occur in the passages translated here ; then no L-number is given. For the explanation of technical terms cf. Introduction (ae, i. 1. General Greek Glossary a see os dyabodamovéw be in Agathos Daimon L 62 V 87:2 Pease me lo/an ll eis/bs4a5 22/75 lee 2/72 li 2822 1: PeAemleolos iy o20m 1326.01 93381 > 34522 ayaéu 376b: 31 ayabos daiuwy 95:72 ayaboruxéw be in Locus Good Fortune L50 V 83: 20 dyav 81: 137 ayarerés 15/22: [2] ayvora 81: 181 dyw 81: 43 aywyy 138/161: 5 ‘Adpravés (month) 137a:4; 137b: [3]; 137c:8 adup 284: 6, verso [2] alyéxepws 95: [70]; 137a: 16, 36; 137b:16, 35; 137c:19; 138/ UGiL ache Types TEN CAI Aa eS a 768 POPPA ys |e ee ZiROP EELS Ole GRLO4 | 12295) OI S26 10M S58 a diagiee 366:8; 431:6; 478:8 ayoyepw 182:1,3 aywyepw 182: 7 ay Ios AAG Wt ee ZNO i jxsieterse.s AI) 1 weacheyis Al 1 Gl diagr.; 219 I e; 250,1: diagr. avyo 15/22: diagr. avyoyarpw 207: 3 avyoyepws 46:2, 14; 338:6, 10, 12; 351:17; 370: 34; 373:7; 3/62 163 76bio7 ayo 21/22 219 [ils 7 260i (12) aryoKkepo 149:5 alyimris 81:1; 137c:9; 187:5; 207:9 alpeo.s configuration (of stars) L412 Marinus (Cousin) 61:8 — 64 division by L123 I V 231:15 — division (of periods) L135 I V 156:17 — method V 237: 35 — sect L50 V 83:16 aiperixds of the sect L 463 C8,4 225:4 aic@yrés perceptible, actual L 428 C81 222:8 aitiatiKos Témos responsible locus L1231 V 231:6 alwvios 81:13 aklyntoy (fwdiaxdy) fixed zodiac L 428 C81 222:7 axpiBoc 81:17 dxpovvxia opposition L 497 note 35 adxpovuxos in opposition L 87 VII V 129: 13 axkpwvuKros 260: 5 axrivoBohéw project rays, radiate L1131V C82 86:5 aktiwoBorla projection of rays, radiation L75 V 142:4 duaptipyros not in aspect L78 V 93: 30 duavpds dim, faint L112 VII V 229: 35 dvaBaivwy ascending node .L 478 C6 65:2 avaBiBatm 81:87, 128 avaBiBatwy ascending node L741V V 154:3 avayKaios 15/22: 1 avayKn avav«n 137c: frag. 3 — (kdfpos) 138/161:8; 338: 16 avadlowu 284: 2 dvaipeo.s destruction. destructive influence L 75 V 142:6 avaipérns destroyer, destruction L 87 VII V 129:11 — («Afipos) Lot of destroyer L 440 C 8,4 221(b) : 12 avaipercxds destructive L 488 C81 237: 24 dvaipéw be destructive, destroy L 76 C6 68:8 dvadroyia 95: 60 dvauplBoros 81: 29 avaradiy 81: 179 avarobi~w subtract L114V V 147:17 avatrodiamos 46:9 dvaréh\dw 137c: 119 dvarody 81:74; 137a:21; 137b: [21]; L497 notes 37, 38 dvatrodtKkoy Kéytpov rising center, Horoscopos L412 Marinus (Cousin) 64:35 dvarohixés 81: 103, 147; 137a:9; 137b: [8] avarpéxw 81: 109 avapépw 95: 80 dvapopa rising time L75 V 156: 11 dvagpopads, ért in epanaphora L72 V 85:5 avagpopixos 95: 60 dvnp 81: [2] avorxodeomornros without house ruler L 75 V 141: 32 avrixeyuae be in opposition L 61 X V 143:15 avrimapddoors succession (of chronocratorship) L 122122 V 230: 27. dvwpadia 345: 11 dvwpep@s upwards (in direction of daily rotation) L741V V 154:4 dormos 95: 113 dmas 138/161: 10 amepyafoua effect L 40 C82 85:9 dméxw 81:155 amrhavyns aornp fixed star L 497 C4 106:12 amh@s 81: 23 dé 81:51, 74; 95:100, 103, 126, 134; 137c:2, 3, 5; 138/161: IG Gee Se Ss |alis Alege a arék\iwa apoclima L 83 V 84:15 dmokdiyw be in apoclima L 61 V V 86: 23 dmékNuors apoclima L75 V 169:1 dmoxpovors 338: 17 191 192 amo\eirw 81:14 "Améd\Nwy See UTiiBwy améNvous amodve 95:115 = ourcome 11231 V 231222 dmoppéw leave contact with L 483 C6 66:12 dméoracis elongation L 484 C6 66: 26 améotpopos turning away L75 V 168:4; L87 VII V 129:12; 191 Vi 1302205 LOM LLL Ve94 Seale Nail 4 7a 21 Ie, IZ} WAL WS 2 / amot| 137c: 11 14 dmoréNecwa prognostic, portent L102 XII 14 V 284:1; L118 €2 16827 dmorehecpwarixés 95: [82] dmoredéw have effect; have influence; forecast; portend 95: 111; LGC hye 7s ley WSeGe IC MOE WA Zehl's Se 1.134 XI V 22838> LA82 (© Siy2402 27 dmoréuvw 81: 152, 167 "Ampidevos 81 : 44 dpyos rémos locus of trouble L 497 notes to diagr., C 8,2 68:26 "Apns —9: [5]; —3: [8], 17; 15/22: 11, [12], 15, diagr. ; 32:7; Ney Jul ike SOsbeche SO) Peis e Bike Se, TIS Wag, Was She [28], 42, 545.67, 74,./O7 omen 25) 29° 137a ISy 16s sos syncs, NG, SO, oie ilsteyAloils Sik, te WMey%s WeW)eo 7s Igoe N7edle Wises Bo Ie eOe Mee Alesse Aide ss Zio) I bi diagr.+ 219 1 e:diagris 219 1 d:diagr,: 219 1 e; 219 ilies Al iil A663 Zabe he Aviom ee AE Zo aoe 258243 260373 2/7 soe 283—5- 284s 145 293) VL ore 293 PUL le GOS IOs SAOSSs SHostys siete ide Zl, 23). Zs) 29) 305) 3458) OS SIelole sos adiagn; 36010 370as7 = 3/3218: 3/044 Ono /ODMose, Glan 26) 38ilbe34-a8oe2or 431:8; 465:6; 478:9 dpiOuds 95:44; 250.2: [24] dppevikos 81: 61 apcevixoc 15/22: 8, [10], 12, 14 dpyatos ——9 > [25/22 36" 81 455 137h 335 sld/ee oem doe wpe 137a: 4 apxeoc 161:6 Cpe Oaeiudie Weyinedts Ail) Ih tayeteleveses ((9)) 3° A27/ eres Zisy2) 0 Shs 293 VIII:8 apy I3/a5 Z245)40 “2 dpxw 190:2 doeXyys vicious, lascivious L 40 C82 84:26; L116 V 113: 23 dornp 81:97, 109, 122, 127, 132, 139, 154, 158; 95:82; 137a: 43; 13/7bi 42 137 C alleen ie 105 138/161k iI a2 50° Zee Zale 284:9 dorpobecia configuration of the stars L102 IV b V 157: 24 datpoddBos astrolabe L621 Usener III 273: 12 dotpodoyla 81:27 Avduvaios avdeveov 219 I d:1 avduveou 219 I b: 1 avéuveou 219 I c:1; 219 I f:1 avéiipwréw wax L 40 C8,2 85:8 aurés Ol 15s O4emls/ae 42 I37bi 41) 187e2 Sal oitae mo) eZ Lo. IE WAS ab Ses) 3 1a ap .epoupe 95: 96 apaipérns retrograde C4 107: 13 apawpert[xo]e 260: 6 apaipéw 250,2 : [23] dpeors start; starting point; beginning (first chronocratorship) IG Ze) Wc IL WOE “Wee ales Ie Sle, (Chi Asi a 7 apérns starter; initiator; first chronocrator L61X V 144:9; ay We he IE YW 42 WZ agerixés starting L110 III V 142: 14 apdovws 81: [11] aplornur be distant from L 37 V 233: 29 "Adpodiry —3:[9]; 15/22: [8], [9], 11, 13, 16; 32: [3]; 46:5, USF Uo 50:22 (4) eS 0is(ZierCl eel OZ as oweaeeO 520mg 2s 38, 39, 48, 57, 63, 67, 68, 73, 79, [80], [83], 93, [103], [112]; GLOSSARY 137a: [7], 15, 20, 25, 27, 32, 34, 43; 137b sont ancmeenmees 32, 34, 37, 40, 41; 138/161:1, [7]; 14924; 171: [5]. 177; [4]; 18233; 187: [10]; 190373 (20724-0027 oe Zeb 245:6; 250,2:2, [16]; 258:53 260 :Sie2 yee ee 284: 15; 293 VIII: 5; 316: 11; 320: [9]; 326: 10; 345: 7, 14; 353 diagt G73 5 44a so ea Oran loll appo 219 I c: diagr.; 219 Le appo 81-195; 1374: 38,41 appod 150:6; 219 I a; 219 I b:diagr.; 219 I d:diagr.; 219 IE We AO We fo Bala we 23 appode: 137a: 32, 35 appodert 184:8 agppodidn 465: [7] agppotién 338:11, 24, 26, 28; 351: [16]; 366:7; 370: 36; 376a 3155 376b;: 36; 38la 325: -38lbi sooo agppotitn 125: 10 Baduds step 95: [25]; L497 C4 106: 12 B(a0uos) L497 note 12 Baddw send (rays), radiate L110 IIT V 142: 15 Baowre’s 137c: 4 — (rémos) Locus of King L107 V 229: 3 Baoiria 284:5; 478: 3 Baowtxds téros Locus of King L134 XI V 228: 9 Bdows basis L 78 V 93:29 BiBNos 137c:2 Bios 137c frag.:2, 9 Bdérw be in aspect to L 478 C6 65: 16 Bopevds 81: 62 Bopecérepoc 81: 122 BpaBetov 138/161: 13 yawootohukds (rémos) Locus of marriage L1111V V 228: 29 yauoorddos 137a:28; 137b: 28 yap 8l2 27+ 952 114- 345212 yelvouar see yiyvomac yeveOdn nativity L 80 Manetho III: 739 yéveots 15/22:2; 95: [72], 79, 1073) 137a 242-7 ee 138/161 ° [17]; 50:1; 177313 2275 (2277 283: 1; 316:1; 3202 [1], 113 326: 2 3382 esa beee mole [11] 5 366.2 [1] 370: 29; 373213 3/6a aie solar emooline 30; 385: 20 YH. See bro yHy yiyvouac 81:2; 95: 106, 108, 111; 219 I b: 3; 219 I d:3; 219 ¢: 2; 284: 3; 338348 yewerar 138/161: 15 yewncerar 95; [110] yrunolws 81:3 yrouav (jvakds) (solar) gnomon L 419 V 365: 34 — (pockomikds) (horoscopic) gnomon L 419 V 365: 34 yveor 81:15 yoveccioc 95: 109 yovets 95: 109; 137c: frag. 8 ypu 219 1:2; 250,1: [2] yury 95:112 daluwy (KdAfpos) 138/161: 4; 338:14 ayabos Satuwr 95:72 Aaiovos daciov 219 I: 1 daxtudos 81: 123 dé 15/22: 4, [5]; 81:43, 46, 73,96, 108, 126, 138, 157, 165) 173: 177; 95: [21], [26], 34, 1404, 45, 59, 105, 106, 108, 111; 137a:4; 137b:3; 137c:4, 9, 15, fragm. 4; 138/161: 11; Woe ioe EYE IS Asbo Oe sylleye ile! déxa 81: 112, 160 déxa €€ 81: [129], 141 déxa dxtw 81: 168 déxa Tésoapes 81:54 déxa tpeis 81:78 GEOSSARY dexavds 81:66, 89, 171; 95: [29], 35, [41], [47], [52], 58, 65 dexatevw be in superior aspect L 487 C1 106(b) :11 béxaros 81:57 deorérys ruler (of place in zodiac) C6 69:17 devrepos 81: 47, 66, 89, 119; 95: 115; 250,2: [14] 6n 81: 113, 143 du see didvjmor bid 81:12, 162; 95:59 6.d0eua configuration; nativity 81:164 L76 C6 68:4 did0eors configuration L412 Marinus (Cousin) 61:6 diaxatéxw hold rule L158 V 284: 23 diaxparéw rule (as chronocrator) L 488 C81 236:9 diapetpéw be at diameter; be in opposition to L61 X V 143:11 diduetpos diametrical L61 X V 143: 18 diavontixds Toros Locus of intellect L 1231 V 231: 30 bidoraors interval L 37 V 233: 25 didornua distance L —71 C8,4 237:9 dvaopardrAw 81: 198 diatexuwalpowac determine; mark out L 80 Manetho III: 750 diavyatw 81:70 didvmor 15/22: diagr.; 32:4; 46:19; 95:43; 137a: 28; 137b: 28; LIDe Hs WAS [BS Ueto WMS s Aly Silke Zales ZAK) sae Ze 8; 220:9; 244: [3]; 293 VIII: [8], 9; 293 XII:4; 316:9; Sore Mlle 5 ral 4am Grme S457 6 Soseuidiagtalts o/0an Le. 376b: [39]; 381a:27; 381b:35; 385: [24]; 465: [6] bron t76)) 219 Ta: 219 T b: diapr.: 219 1 c:diagr.; 219 1 d: diagr.; 219 I e; 250,1: diagr. didnune 431: 10 didwme 15/22:3; 137c:7 dvérwy ruler of the hour; associate ruler L 479 C1 104: 4; L 487 C1 106(b) : 13 duevruxéw 81: 184; 138/161: [16]; 277:10; 283:9 dim (epiouds) 338:19 to 30 diodedw pass through L75 V 167: 22 dvocxéw 81:10 durdods 345: 10 dim 81: 199 SitpupoxireEaxooroords 81: 114 dlcwuov ((Hdi0v) bicorporeal (sign) L124 V 281: 19 SofoTn see rokdrns Sopupopew attend; accompany; escort L 40 C82 85:3; L101 III V 94:5 doddos 85: 105 dovhwy, rémos wept Locus of slaves L111 1V V 228:25; L112 VII V 229: 18 dpomos 137c: [15], II 12 duds second interval L 37 V 233: 29 duvaorns 81:51 divw — 3:13; 15/22:15; 46: [19]; 250,2: [11] do 81: 123, 156 duorkds 95: 70 dvors 250,2: [25] dvorixnua 138/161: [10] durikéy setting point; setting sign L478 C6 65:3 dwOexarnudpioy 81:68, 91; 95: [19], [27], 33, [39], [46], [50], 56, 62 dwoéxatos 137c: 14 dwpéw 81: 181 el 5/2222; 250,25 20 édvy 95: 105, 106; 137c: fragm. 5; 345: 14 éapivés 81: 51 éavtév 345: 10 éaurés itself, ie., its own house L123 I V 231: 31 éBdouata seventh day (of moon); seventh day (from Venus) L479 C1 104:8; L483 C6 66:9 éyyioros EVYLCTUL 46:7 Gyo USfZ2 2 sl] s Glew, Ss Wises SS. 7S Pale ile “kyla ei 137c: fragm. 6 193 eldos figure L487 C1 107: 14 eldwdrov 81: 136 leckocclert[a] 187:1 elxoorés 81: 129 eiui (see also rovréor.) 81: 114, 145, 180; 95:72, 105; 137c: 6, Us), Wes Aeyre Oe Buia ils) eis 81:178 (a) ee (b) (in dates) —9:2; 15/22:6; 81:47; 138/161: [Ss Useds WiMe Ze ike ge i722) o ike a= Qe) iii e2e AW) Ml IWZSZe Sessa Segelicips syle sits Syeho 6 eloecme 345: 12 eiaxwpew 95: [110] eita —3: [13] ecxvec see ixdves ex 95: 60 éxaotos 81:16, 25 exdéXouar cuvadyny receive contact L 483 C6 66:8 éexdAdumw 81:95 éxNerrtTixoy eclipse L 486 C1 101:5 exrapamrirtw be unfavorably located L 78 V 93: 30 éxrintw 95: 61 éxros 81: 40 ekxOpos see €xOpds eAdxutTa, TA minimum period L 75 V 156: 10 édaxuoros 137c: 11 édevdepow 95: [105] eAnyw evnyw 95:50, 56 "EAAny 161:4; 187:4; 284:6 HAAnvwy 137c:9 euBoriwds intercalary (day) L380 C81 146:18 eumeptexw hem in C6 71:9; L122 XII V 268: 20 éureptoxyn hemming in L 487 C1 107:7 év —9:3, 4, 5; —3:4 to 8, [9], [10]; 15/22:8 to WZ, jal} 32:4, [5] to [8]; 46: [2], 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, gi Tig {hil eZ, 120; 133, 152,201; 95: [17], 19, [23], [27], 31, 33, 37, [39], 43, 46, [49], 50, 54, 57, 61, 62, [66], [68], [70], Sil, GE, HE 80 ml 37Zac0. 10, III 21317, 20) 23024 26, 28,30, 33:36, 39; ta/balol, 171.191) 110112) 13, 17, (201, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 35, 38; 137¢217, [22]; 150:3, 4, 5; 177: [3], 5: 1S/ Oe (LOPE R210 Ml be 4592502: 7. [27]: 203.X11: 1 to 5 velS/ ation i213 evayTios i opposition L 61 X V 143:9 évayTidouar be in opposition L 62 V 87: 3 — éav7é be in opposition to own house L 463 C8,4 225:5 évaytiwors opposition L 124 V 281:8 €VaTOS evvarylc] 190: 2 evy.ctoc see éyyioros évxpovitw 81:26 évda 81: 202 éviautos 208: 3 evAnyw see éd\Anvw evvaToc see eévaros € 81:56, 99, 111 Gaisligece « 293 VIII: 10 efdywvos sextile (aspect) L120 XII V 267: 32 — mevpa side of hexagon L117 VI V 269: 16 éEadelow 353: 3 éEnxovtds 137c: 13 é€nxoorés 81: 100 e€ovalas, Toros mept Locus of property L 1231 V 231: 13 ew .[ 208: 4 erayouevar 293 VIII: [2] erayo 184:1 éravapépouat be in epanaphora L50 V 83:15 eravapepw 95: 111 éravapopa epanaphora L1131V C82 86:6 erecp 244:1; 345:3; 478:4 194 éréuBao1s approach (to chronocratorship) L120 II V 216:2 éréxw 81:54, 110 ért 81: 40, 63, 86, 104, 148; 137c¢: 7; 250,2: [20]; 345: 10; 376b: 32 S851 21 émiBdérw be in aspect to L 478 C6 65:14 ervytyvaokw 81:6 érlixevtpos 258: [4]; 260: [7] érlkowvos (kipios) co-ruler L65 X V 86:8 émixparéw rule (a period of life) ; be in power 138/161: 11; L102 NE 14 W837 le L422 B8 27 émudeyw 81: 25 émriaprbpnois be in aspect C6 70: 24 émuaptupla aspect L75 V 168: 18 érumepiouds apportionment L 75 V 167: 25 érioxeyis 81:23 éiredéw portend L122 I 22 V 230: 30 éritlOnuc 95: [107] émitod\y rising L 12011 V 101: 22 émitérws in own domain L 50 V 83:18 émitpéxw 81: 158 éritpitos 81: 106 émutuxla 345: 16 éeripwokw 81 : 39 éromar 208: [4] éroxy position L 497 C1 171:8 émrd (see also eixooterrd) 81:7, 161, 205; 137c:1 eee pre O02 105 ‘Bouns —9: [4]; —3 S10, Wo/22 se diaer9 323 [S46 16; 50,2: [4]; 81:59, 83, 131, 151, 157, 169; 95: 20, 31 to 34, 38, 40, 43, 44, [47], [51], 53, 54, 69, 74, 78, 79, 93; 125: 13; 137a: OF Iiha. 23,729) 31 S35 ISG lnc oc Om Gl OA lem nlOr 138/161 :.3, 125° 139 SOR RAO NAT eels Ora esl 7leeraeie Ijin or 18224 184-60 187 OO Gee 207 5a eo eo ler diagr: 219 7 cdiagr e210 wiedsidiagine (210 etrel ee lOmin 107 = 220!) 3) 9244 Se 4 orale e002 a cOllecoS a emecOUn 10\; 277:8; 282:6- 28328 284516; 293° VIII? [10]. 316: 6732075; 32659) 338 sI2 e206 2le 27.29) 304 moon 16; 353; diagris) 36602 Sao7 O00 9 O70 Oo Oar ons, ODE 40; 38la:25; 381b:34; 431:4; 465:8 Epo ue 192 = 219) i 2ee5ae7) Eppwoo see pwvvupe €pxouar 345: 9 pws (kAfpos) 138/161:6; 338:15 épwrnors inquiry (of Katarche) L475 C1 103:1; L479 Cl 103(b) :1 éorépa 137a: 24 éoréptos 137a: 24; 137b: 24 éoxatos 137a:16; 137b:16; 138/161: 13; 220:8 érd(w 137c: fragm. 6 ére 81:79, 112 éros —9:1; —3:13 32:1; 15/22:5; 81:37: 95: [90], [103]; UGANS 22 ksy/ 3 | ARM ete ZA eile BOT Gleie Blow es Le AlO ees ZA0B MRS eyo Bye Gee > A7fS 0% L (=€rovs) 95:84, 117, 126, 134, 135; 137a:3; 137b: [2]; US/Ca/elos/1Ole (VA) : 161s 2) 176m 177 eee cAreemliozanae IMS |S Ales ve ZA OEN ake A Nis the Zullo jlo Ae oibs 260: 1; 283:2; 284: verso [1]; 345:3; 394:1 other symbols for érovs 150:1; 277:2; 282:2; 293 VIII:1; SIO GcOmoOooo O0042 ebploxw 46:1, [4]; 95: [16], [22], 30, [36], [42], 48, [53]; 137c: WAS iichsyAltehil 672, 4 (ey, te evoeBns 478: 3 ebruxéw 137b: 43; 182:9 evtuxnctaroc 284: 4 ex Opis aornp hostile planet L61X V 143:5 exxOpoc 138/161:9 éxw —3:15; 81: [203]; 138/161:12; 2191: 284:8 egos 191035 1379 147 ai37ae2l -13/b 321 = 2502225 égo0s paovs morning phase L 76 C6 68:19 €éws —3:16; 95: [90], 117, 126, 135 GLOSSARY Zeis —61; —3:[7]; 15/22:10, 11, diagr.; 4672, 8) 12% 50,2: 2; 81:60, 101, 108, 132, 146,°178; 95<)36;e1 S0llmliazalemos 78,125, 127;.125:7; 137a:7, 12, 19) 22024 eea ole 137b: [6], 12, [19], 21, 24, 27, 33, 36, 3OReis7ee4 aioe 138/161:9; 139: 8; 149:6; 150:4; 171:3; 177:3; 182:1; 184:7; 187:-8; 19036; 207:2; 217;2-S210niearee lO mEbe diagr.; 219 I c:diagr.; 219 Il d: diagrs-s210Mine 21cm 12:5; 220:5; 245: [2]; 250,2:9% 2583 4e6 260 seme77 oe 282:4; 283:6; 284:13; 293 WIIL: [9]; 293" Xi1= [4]. 316: 9; 320: 7; 326: 8; 338: 9; 22, 23) 28345 eaees biennale 353: [diagr.] ; 370: 32; 373:8; 376a:18; 376b: [39]; 381a: 24; 381b:33; 385:27; 394:6; 431:7; 465:5; 478: [8] Feu 219 WU Si 2442-9250 teidiagrs ton 95: 82 fuyés —3:4; 15/22:8, 11, diagr.; 32: [8]; 81:181; 95: [68]; 149:8; 184:8; 187: [7]; 217: 1; 245749255600) fieeene 11; 293 VIIT:5; 316: [6]; 320: 17) 9) 25 eens 351; [12;] 353: diagr.; 373:5, [10]: 9 376as19=e76aee0r 38la:24, 28; 381b: [33], 36; 385: 29; 43173, 45 svy 176; 219 I a; 219 I b: diagr.; 219 I c: diagr.; 219 I d: diagr.; 219 Ile fwdiaxés by, or according to, sign L61X V 144: 11 (ddvov 15/22: 8, 9, [10], 12, 14; 81:58, 62, 80, 85, 101, 116, 130, 145, 169, 178; 137c: 12,22 2084; 25th uaiess — animal L 483 C6 66:4 fwral 13/csmie2 (or sign L80 Manetho III: 740; L 483 C6 66:5 % 95:110, 111 H See Os nyéouar 15/22: 1 nypoxooe see vdpoxdos j00s 138/161:5 QAtakoy (wd.oy solar sign L103 V 129: 27 Gdos —9: [4]; —3:4; 15/22: [7], 16, diagres ses aeeaete 81:50, [193]; 95: [16], 47, 55, [69]; 137a:6, 14; 137b: [5], [14]; 137c: [11]; 139:4; 149:4; 150:3; 182:5- 207:7; 245:1; 260:11; 277:8; 282:6; 283:4= cee 293 VIII: 4; 293 XII: [1]; 316:6; 320:9; 326:9; 338:6; 345: 8; 351:17; 353: diagr.; 366: 8; 370: 34; 373:7; 376a: 19; 376b: 40; 381a:25; 381b: [33]; 385: 28; 431:3; 465: 9; 478: [5] m 219 I b: diagr.; 219 I c: diagr.; 219 I d: diagr. nm 219 Te ghcc 125:7; 171: 4; 177:5; 184:4; 187:12- 190: a5 22023. 250,1: [diagr.]; 258: [6] f 21734; 21911 1:5; 219° IE 1235+ 24a kNuov 338: 19 H)\Anv see “Env muepa 32: [2]; 81:210; 95: [15], [90], [117], 126, 134, 135; 137a:5; 137b:4; 137c:10; 187: [3]; 190: [2]; 220:2: 227:4; 250,2: verso; 258:2; 260:2; 277:3: 2833" 298 VIIT:33; 31625532674; 345:3 376asi2e 376b : 34; 381a: 22; 381b: [32]; 385: 23; 465: [2]; 478: [4] symbol: L 621 note 4 nueP 244: 1] nuep —3:3; 95: 126 nuepa(c) 161:5 nuep2?(v) —3:16 — Kpévov Saturday 219 I b:2; L479 C1 103(b):4 — cednrne 219 1:3 HMepiol wprator xpdvo. time degrees of daylight L 516 CS g3ik 21 hucpivds 219 I b:3; 219 I c:2; 219 I d:2; 219 I £:2 necodvos 81: 124 hucovs middle of L158 V 284: 18 NULCL 134k [14] “Hpaxdjs see Ilvpdes Oavarikds (réros) Locus of death L65V V130:3 GLOSSARY davaros 95: [77] — Locus of death L 89 V 130: 13 Géua theme (of nativity) ; horoscope L110 XII V 282: 16 deduar(os) L497 notes to diagr. dewat(os) L497 diagr. deudroy nativity L 76 C6 68: 10 Ge6s divine 81:37; 95:7(?) — moon 81:73 =aplanet sises 13/erl = ol xX V-143511 — sun 137c: 11 — 606, rémos wept Locus of god L62 V 87:1 — eod kai Baciéws, Téros wept Locus of god and king L107 V 229: 3 Gewpéw be in aspect L65 V V 130: 4 Ondukos 15/22:9; 81:83 HegmholeeO 18726 2982925 282225 316245 431-2 id.obpovéw be in own house L 486 C1 100(b) : 10 ioves 46; 12; 81:82, 146; 95: [20], 40, 49, 71; 137a: 11, 18, 19; tS7pe Ol. (18, 19°22.) 25022 [23] idvororéw be in own domain L65 X V 86:7 tva 81:24, 196 ivdcxtlwy wrtuktiovoc 366: Zs 370: 30; 376a : WAe 376b : 32 icavapopoy equality of rising times L158 V 285: 3 isavadgopcc of the same rising time L61 X V 143: 13 lonmepia 81:52 ionmepivds equator L 497 C4 106: 10 icdmoipov of equality of degrees L75 V 142:5 loockehés tplywvoy equilateral triangle L 440 C84 222: 6 tornue 137c: fragm. 7 ix@vd.oy 219 I b: 4 ives 3+ 0); 15/22: diagr:: 32: [7]; 46:19; 50,225: 81:97, TA Cem Zero mld) loa soe Lo/ boos 13974 14058 50 r4s MOORAT ECO Tee 2205 92450 7) 25022 [8] 2582 30027727: Zeon co4+ a4 s2O08 9) soe 9 ool > (14) 2 S53iidiagr: 376a:17; 376b: 38; 381a: 25; 381b: 34; 385: 27 ecxdvec 171:3 wexvee 171:5 Pomona 219 tebe diast- 219) lve: diasr.; 219 I d: diagr. ixOner 465: 4 ix9v 219 Le txéuc 81: 105; 182: 4, 5, 6 k| 137c: fragm. 8 kal 95: 114; 250,2: 29 Kae. ka...a 95: 109 ; Kadureprepéw be in dominant aspect; prevail L75 V 168:3; ISS eb VIS S14 89 WV 150214 1142 VV 288-33 Kabureprepoduar be in inferior aspect L97 II V 129: 4; L101 III V 94:11 kabureprepynors dominant aspect L110 XII V 282: 22 kat 923, [4]; 81:6, 10, 20, 21, 22, 50, 55, 61, 73, 78, 84, 102, 111, 117, 125, 142, 178, 179, 196; 95:74, [76], 78, 79, 93, 106 to 109, 112, 114, [115]; 137¢:4, 5, 6, 11, 16, fragm. 2: ISeyioile SG 7 O, Ili, Woe welts Als Bassike aawets 203 Ville Slo= [6] ¢ 3455155 16; 385-20 katpikn wpa seasonal hour L 401 C8,1 232: 10 Kaicap (see also kop’) —9:1; —3:1; 137a:3; OsCMOR MLSS LOle hla some t49 lee 1502 kaicap —3:2 Kaxodarmovew be in Locus Bad Daemon L 474 C1 102(b) :7 kakodamovnua Bad Daemon L 380 C82 68:8 kakorabéw 95: 114 kakos daluwy Bad Daemon L 497 diagr. kardvoa 81:44; 171: [1] kadéw 81:67, 90, 134 kahds 95: 108 kavwv table 81:12; L37 V 233: 25 137b: 2; 195 kapxivos —3:[7]; 15/22: diagr.; 32: [6]; 46:8; 81:110; 95: 6151373138) 138/162; 150: 5; 18728, 9: 244: 3% 25824: ZOLA LODO MOL O20 a (Ole soos [Giagt, |) 373247 salleveZ3 Stolle lisv4l|s ste Zoe cuca ey pil) Kkadkuww 345:8 kap 219 I a; 219 I b: diagr.; 219 I c: diagr. xapk 176; 208:2; 219 I d: diagr.; 219 Le kapkervwa 137a: 39 karé —9: [2]; —3: [2]; 15/22: 4, 5; 81:45; 137a: 4; 137b: 3; WO7CA7 Odie MS 4 5)32-5 Ol P46 187/44, 5.) 2842 106 Kara cetyunv 219 I: 2; 219 I bs2; 219 1 d:2 KkaTtaBiBatw 81: 105 KaTapiBavwy descending node L486 C1 100(b) :9 KkatradauBdvw 345: [15] katadnyw fall in; be located in L50 V 83; 24 katapxyn Katarche L474 C1 102(b):1 katortrevw be in dominant aspect L106 V 113:8 KkaTopbow 81: 31 kaTwpepos downward; backwards; in direction opposite rota- tion Li11510 V 154:14 Kévtpov 95: 80 kevtpodmar be in a center C6 69:4 kévtpwors center L428 C81 221:14 ker[ 137c 23 kivduvvevw 95: [113] Kivduvvos —3:15 xivew 250,2: [7], [19] xévnots 81:8; 95: [16], [22], 30, 36, [42], 48, 53 krevtdpa 95: 60 kKAnpovouew be destined L65 X V 86:6 K\npotuar tHyv tixnv be located in the Lot of Fortune L 82 V 85:14 kAjpo. Lots (Fortune and Daimon) L65X V 130:3 ENG POCMOM SENSOR ZAI Loe / le (L041 15] — Lot of Fortune L 62 V 86: 34 — dvayxns 138/161: [8] KX avaykyne 338: 16 — dvaipérov Lot of Destroyer L 440 C84 221(b) :12 — daiwovos 138/161: 4 KN darmovoc 338: 14 — épwros 138/161: [6] KX epwroc 338:15 — rixns 81:177; MACS Seles Bhs SolamZormOsores kX tuxne 373:10; 381b: 36 KAnpow allot L 37 V 233: 28 kvdua clima L 741V V 154:7 kKNtwakTHp crisis; critical point L61 X V 143:9 kKymaktnpixds 138/161: 15 kAvov see HALos coirn 95: [109] koh\Adw contact L 401 C81 233:4; L516 C81 231:8 KéAAnots contact; approaching conjunction C6 70: 24 kopv’ 219 II 1:1 Kopudy (kata Kopupyy réroc) midheaven C6 69:10, 15 Koopoxpatwp 46: [1] — chronocrator V 170: 36 KOO “Os kocmov 95: 110 korvNa 171:2 Koupios SCe@ KUpLos kparéw rule L102 XII 14 V 283: 25 kptds 15/22: diagr.; 46:4; 81:53, 65, 158; 95:54, 66, 75; 125: 95) 137be (LZ 138/16lN38: 14936; 15024 171345 20724 ALG ESS AWS) I Ws Oe ZNO WW Wass ZANE Wiese Ayla 7 SIGE 10 3502 13636659) 376a: 20) 376b: 41 2 385.228 kpevoc 137a:12; 184:7; 260:5; 353: diagr. cpt 176; 219 J a; 219 I c: diagr.; 219 I d:diagr.; 219 Le xpto 219 I b: diagr. [37a 36 39) Sia 8 Ge UGWADS OS, G38 3/038 (376a): 20): 138/161: 2; 376b: 41; 196 kpovixés saturnine L 621 Usener 273: 20 Kpév0s —9: [3]; —3: [6]; 15/22: 10, [14], diagr.; 32:6; 46:6, [10]; 50,2:1; 81:96, 130, [194]; 95:30, [51], 55, 68, 70, [78], [84], 112; 12525 1374: [9], 10; 14, 18, [37]; 137b:8, [9], 14, 18, 36; 138/961e 1 [5]> 139:6; 149: 6; 150:,[5); 1712 1315) 177824 resin 19025 >) 207 Tee Z20825 217-1 219 Was 219 ezdiaers- 219 1 d:idiagt.;) 219 ve; 220: 4+ 245: [4]; 25833: 277:4- 282:7; 283:7; 284: 12; Ay wales 20g Muro Sie Sloees SaUsee ses 7/; ile 338-8, 19, 20, 24.40 27 345-6; 351: [13]; 333: [diagr] 5 366 : 6: 370: 33; 373: 8; 376a:17; 376b: 38; 381a: 26; 381b: 34; 385:25: 394:5; 465:4; 478: [7] nuepa Kpovov 219 I b:2 xpo’ 219 II 1:4; 219 II 12:4; 244:2 Kpovoy 260: 5 kpwvoc 431:6 kpovw 81: 175 Kpumos kpveuwoc 95: 110 kpvatraddos 81: 150 Kpwvoc see Kpovos ki«dos cycle (of planet) L104 VII V 237: 26 kupredw 95; 107 Kopios 125: [1]; 137a:3; 137b:2; 137c:5, 8; 138/161;17; 150: ZS LOS 256 478 32 koptov 139: 2 (see also xopv’) AX see NewTOv Naya 81: 64 Napumpds 81:121, 154; 95: [21], [26], [40], [45], 55, 64; 250.2: [22] Naur 95:51 Ne see error Ne.. 95:77 Nelrw 81:99 Aerrév 81:20, 56, 112, 142; 95: [20], 28, [37], [43], 66, [73], 753 eye eins sve ANN, wal, wy, BL 28s isves ISI, II 13; 260: 8 Nerra tpita 81: 112 ALS IVA) BR SESS Ae 338: 7, 16, 18; 478:5 to 8, [9] her 260: 5, 12 herr? 137a: 6, 8, 10, 12 Nertov (for Nerv) 137a: 21, 24 Aewy —9:4 5; —3: [12]; 15/22: [15], diagr.; 95:19, 46; 176; WA S222) eei87 [10], [11], 2276 25825-6260 HE ey48 3 AVS VALS Ace ANGE Shi3s So sails i= S5KI5 diagr.; 366:5; 370: 37; 394:4; 465:7, 8 NeovT 150:5 Neon ci mma Oma idiagr., 219 ilacenidiactatt ml Omamde diagr.; [219 I e] Newyre 125; [12]; 431:8 Aoyos 81: 203 — claim L—71 C84 237:7; L487 C1 106(b) :17; C1 107: 7, 10 Nofdw incline, slant L 497 C4 106: 10 Mdios 171: [2] wadiota 137c: 4 baptupéw be in aspect to L75 V 168: 21 peéeyebos 81: 156; 137c: 11 péytoros 137c: [15] peyicroratroc 81: 49 MeNeokorrovmevoy (wd.0oy misfortune-causing sign L113IV C82 86:5 HéNovea aivodos next (following) conjunction L114 V V 147: 16 nev 81:49 Hepifw count; allot; apportion 95: [85], [86]; L110 XII V 282: AVS ME WAIL Yi Aceh: Zl GLOSSARY pépos 81:57, 79, 99, 113, 144; 137c: [13], 115 MeceuBoréw intercept, radiate between L 484 C6 67:2 weceuBorla interception L 487 C1 107:6 MeonuBpivds peonBpivoc 81: 174 pecopn —9:[1]; 161:5; 187: [3]; 465:2 pecouvpavéw —3:[12]; 15/22: [13]; 46:19 — xara roy KAfpoy culminate with respect to the Lot of For- tune L 82 V 85:15 — 7r& kAjpw culminate with respect to the Lot of Fortune L74 V 84: 32 pecoupdvnua 95: [66], [81]; 137a: 30 mecoup 15/22: diagr. MeCovpayynia 137b : 30 fecoupdynors culmination L 428 C8,1 222: 14 uéooos ovpavds Midheaven L 80 Manetho III: 748 mera wed 138/161: 14 ueroxy partnership (as triangle rulers) L497 C4 106:17 mérpovy 138/161: 3 wexeip 149:2; 208:1; 219 11 1:2; 219 Th 1222 e220)slees2o. 4; 38la:22; 381b: 31 un 81:24, 198; 353:3 undeis 345: 11 unos 95: [44] pay 15/22: 5; 95: [90], 93, [99], 117, 1263S 7a eto7oreone 137¢:8; 138/161: 14; 219 I b:1; 219) Peis iadiene 219 IT i231; 219 Tg; 250121] 3042 eZee pve 284:6 : unrnp 46:3 Mino ke pwvnco[n] 219 1:2 buve See ny fp See motpa potpa 46:2, 4, [7], [9], 11, 14, 17; 81:19, 53, 58 77, 80, 98, 100, 111, 113, 128, 140, 144, 159, 167; 95: [20], [28], 31, [37], 39, [43], 46, [49], 51, [54], 57, 61, 63, 66, 70, [73], 75, 77; 137a:6, [8], 10, 12, 16, 20; [23] n2Om2SesOmaomes a 40; 137b:5, 7, [9]; 12, 16,20; 23, 265 28530msomsomesor 137c:12, [14], 16, 114, IL115 138/161 zeeomce 250,2: [8] ; 284: 10 to 16, [17] fl Weyer iN, A. Gia) 7 urtp/ 207: [2], 8 po 478:5 to 8, [9] por 258: 3, [4], 5 to 8; 260: 3, 4, 12 OLp— 95:23; 207: [2], 8 bup 338:5 to 16, 18 Moipikés (reckoned) by degree L 61 X V 143: 19 povas first interval V 234: 1 fovoworpla monomoiria L 497 C4 106: 19 popeoy degree L412 Marinus (Cousin) 61:12 Movyyxiay Munychion (Athenian month) (Cousin) 61:26 uup See motpa L412 Marinus ve see ép veounvia 81: 46 véos 184:2 yn 353:3 vontov ~wdiaxdy ideal or theoretical zodiac L 428 C8,1 222:6 VOTLOS vorevoc 81: 148 vuKTepiwol wprator xpdovor time degrees of night L516 C 8,1 231: 10 vuxroorparnyos 376b: 32 w0& —9:2; 15/22:7; 81:41; 125:4; 138/161: [18]; 139: lots 145:3; 149:3; 150:3; 171: [2]; 177: 3: 1842398210) ae 3; 219 II 12:3; 284:7, verso 3; 338:4; 351:12; 370:31; 394: 3; 431:2 V@TOov VOLT WL 81 : 121 GLOSSARY Eéyns, rémos wept Locus of travel L118 V 269:8; L122 I 22 V 230: 30 Eeviredw 95: 114 oe Ol os, 17 15/2253) [4] fol, 73 4601, 3, emontt 15, lo 621 4,°7, 9; 14,22, 27, [36], 39, 41, 47, 48, 50, 64, 68, 71, 73, 86, 88, 91, 94, 96, 104, 108, 119, 120, ieeiso, 136,138, 148, 151,152,157, 164,165, 1/73, 175, 177, 183, 196, 199, 204, 205, 208; 95: [15], [16], [19], [21], 22, [25], [26], [27], 30, 33, 34, 36, 39, [40], [42], 44, 45, Aol 8 [5016 514.53 to 56, 59, 60, 62.964) 72) 77,79; 80; bae07, 113, 114, 115, 125, [134]; 125: 174; 137a73,-4,°5, pee Sely7,6300939.042- 438 13/b 2. 3,45) [10], 13ye17,) 35, 38: iPM o/cete5u 7tonliy 1ol/stragme4 6.9 138/1ol2 to mie to 15, 4/2 13992 5 150: 2316133, 63 171223 1772 [2]; (BAe th, Be WS TANS AC OOS Alles ie 7AM) eas ZAR GL ING y45 AAS Tht Ws ile 2x25 Si, (WEN, WAL, Weaalg Cash ale Dele th, a Be Bele ie Vico) Ge See Se Gye ene Ayes 2 twy as rel. pron.(?) 95:35, 41, [47], 57, 65 bydo0s 145: 1 dyKxos 81: 107, 124 ddev 81:16, 48 olaé 81: 165 oixetos own L 76 C6 68: 21 oikelws in own domain; favorably located L 76 C6 68:21; L 86 WATT VW 93523 oixntnproy 15/22: 14 oikodéxtwp ruler of receiving house; house ruler L 478 C6 65: 14, 20 olxodecmoreia 138/161: 13 oixodeororéw 15/22: 16; 81: 163 otxodeorérms 95: [79]; 137a:42; 137b:41; 138/161:10, [15] — THs xatapxjs house ruler of the Katarche L487 Cl 106(b) : 16 Gaxocmin/ 22.8, 9) (10), 11, [12], 13) 15,163 46:12> 95ea201, [28], 31, 33, 37, 40, 43, 47, 49, 51, [54], 57, 63, 67, [68], Ue On/ or lsfara [9], lds [13 1852202427. 29831, Sasa O7bis LO; 8, LO 135 18821, 245826) 28331, 33; eons lo7e= 14 138/1ols lee 2 Aone 250,25 191: 338: 19 to 30 oxar 95: 61 édvyavapopos of short rising time L 486 C1 101:7 édAvyodpoméw be in slow motion L 474 C1 102(b):7 dros 81:9, 50, 136, 165; 95: 59 éuotwvos equi-zonal (sign) L474 C1 102(b):18 buoros 81: 86, 149; 95: [115] dmolws 95: 115 6udxeyTpos in same center C6 69: 20 dmodoyos 81: 31 dpovipws 81:135 buws 81: 182 dvepos 95: 113 dvoua 95: 34, 35, 41, 45, 52, 56, 67, [71] ovou- 95:26, 64, 69 éévywvios 81:76 émotos 95; [107] érotovy 95: 108 émov 95: 110 épaw look upon; be in aspect L 40 C8,2 85:1; L118 C2 169:5 dpyavoy table L61 X V 143: 11 6p06s 81:173 6pifwy 81: 204 dpikos xvpos ruler of term L61 X V 143:15 Opior 4622, [loil, 7, 10, 12,15, 183°81=59, 82 101, 116, 132, 151) 1GOSEMOD = ZO (29a S25 OS eyed 4404750 [51] 455) 57, 64, OA, WM, 70, WA (Holl, 78S Davee, al ae, Ge OG, 2 Pi, BY, 33, 6, BS, ile ieyoee, % (Ol, Wes, ko, PZT ZA Zin 29 2 34 SO m [Sole to8/1ol= 1 [3] esi, 6: [9]; 338: 19 to 30 8pos 138/161: 15 197 Opookomos See wpooKédmos spat} no) Ol 08,9 ell, 143% 163, 180795 119), 26, [27], 33, 34. 35, 39, 41, 45, [46], [50], 52, 56, 62, 64, 67, 69, [71], 72, il, IIS E)) e Invest, IIB), log ietsyfAloyle le dos 95: 107 ao Suis 2s Ses) 2 ovdels ovdév 137a:17; 137b:17; 345:13 ovpavios 81:4 otros see also rovréorw 15/22:4; 95: [111]; 138/161: 3, 5, [7], [9] ottws 81:27; 284:8 ove 366:4; 373: 3 madyrikoy (wdvoy sign indicating weakness L116 V 113: 24 mabos 95: [111] — passivity L 484 C6 66: 26 madatds 81:2 madi 81:93, 183 TIdvauos (month) TAav 176 mavoednviakn dacs full moon C6 70:18 mavoehnviakoy Swdvoy sign of (preceding or following) full moon IL AE WW Ae mavoednvos full moon L 75 V 167: 12 — (abbreviation) L 497 note 7 — (yéveors) (nativity) of full moon type L114V V 147: 15 mavrodarns 138/161: 9 mapa 15/22:2: 207:9 mapadldwur 137c:2 — yield, give over (chronocratorship) L104 VII V 237: 29 mapddoo.s yielding, transfer (of chronocratorship) L104 VII WEZS 7 elena Ve223 28 mapaipéerns destroyer or reducer of life period C6 70:31 mapaipetikos destructive L 487 C1 107:5 mapaipovmar destroy; take away C6 70: 29 mapahauBdvw take over (chronocratorship) L75 V 167: 31 mapahnyis taking over (of chronocratorship) L75 V 168: 18 mapavatéhrw rise with L479 C1 104: 11 twaparirrw be unfavorably placed L 92 XI V 113: 36 mapepxomar 138/161: 14 mapéevos — 3: [8], [10]; 15/22: diagr.: 46:18: 95:31, 33, 37; 125305) 137A 30 sn 137d 30 18445. 65 190 26") 260 8) 9) HOR 28265 284i2003 39203) Vil 4° 293 XP 23160 11; 338: Use Gage Gere: SOS Sa8. Gy sae Mobic 6) Cr Auiyc 7) map 2191 b: diagr.; 2191 c: diagr.; [2191 e] mwapé 176; 2191 a; 2191 d: diagr.; 244: [2] mapodevw pass by V 234:6 mapodos passage V 234: 30 mas 46:3; 138/161: 11 matnp 345:15 madu 32:2 maxwy 81: 46 metpaw 15/22: 3 méumros 250,2: 18 mevre 81 : 206 mevrnkaoexatos 81: 143 Tepe IO E Ole lo meeOs MOOe OA ole 77, 82, 1125 138/10l ; 7 8, Os AIO Wise Be Al als Zz meplyevos 81: 160 mepiodos period (of moon) L142 V 288: 28 mepimatos orbit L —42 C84 236:19; progression (of moon) E40 Csi 23251 mepitoino.s Locus of accomplishment L 61 V V 86: 22 mepurountikoy fwdvoy sign of (Locus of) accomplishment L 50 W tee) 22 Tlepircos (month) 250,1:1 mhées computation L 474 C1 102(b) : 17 198 mravepevor, of érra planets L 497 C1 171: 10 mddaros 95:24; 137c: 21 meupd, é€dywvos side of hexagon; V 269: 16 mdeupas, éx Terpaydvov in quartile aspect L117 X Aelius Arist. (Keil) 440: 27 mAnpow 81:98, 140; 260:3; 293 VIII:1 move, 95: 106 mrovaros 95: 106 mAova.wtepos 95: [106] movew 81:162; 95: [16], [23], 31, 36, 42, 49, 53, 108; fragm. 4; 2191:1; 345: [14] monce 345: 10 — napa multiply by L431 V 365: 26 modevwy ruler (of day) L478 C1 104: 4 — kal diérwy ruler of day and hour L 484 C6 66:25, 26 modos pole L 497 C4 106: 11 morvs 137c: 2 modvav 293 VIIL: 7 mpakrikol ypovor period of life activities L 75 V 168:7 mTpakrikoy KévTpoy operative center C6 70:3 — rémos Locus of activity, Locus of affairs L1231I V 231: 14 mpaéis affairs (political) L61V V 86:19 mpdcow 345:15 mp 81: 161; 171: [1]; 345:9 Tpodpade posed precede (in the direction of daily rotation) L 40 C82 85:4 mpoylyvouar 338: 17 mpoedpevw 366:3; 385: 22 rpoedpos 376a: 14 mponynos lead L 488 C81 235: 13 mpokemar 81: 190 TPoppnTiKos mpopntikos 81:28 mpos 15/22: 3; 81:19, 22, 62, 173, 206; 95: 60 mpoadéw 95: 59 mpooere 81:55 mpoobérns in direct motion C4 108: 17 mpocberikos Tots dpiOuots adding to its numbers L 487 C1 106(b) : 11 mpoordcow 81:125 mpoortnur 95: [44] mpocwroy countenance L 497 C4 106: 19 amparos 81:71; 95: [72], [83], [102], 114; 219. c:2), 2191 i232. 250,2: [5] mrepwrov (wdioy winged sign L479 C1 104:17 Tlupoers 81: 126 mu 176 mTupoec npaxdAleovc] —6l1 TUpwic 46: 10; 95: 42 sextile aspect L117 VI 37ce pl 137c: fragm. 6 paxes 81: 87, 175 “Pwuatos 81: 43 povyuvpe 81 ; 32 ef] 137c: 21 campos 345: 13 ceBaorés 161:4; 258:2; 260:2 cerayltw 81:65 ceracpépos 81: 73 cehnvn —9:3; —3:5; 15/22:9; 32:5; 46:3; 81:74, 116, 170; 95: [22], 50, 62, 64, [74], 95; 125:12; 137a:8, 40; 137b: [7], 395 138/161 [2] ee SSeS te 5m SO oan Zee les 182765 1842 9- 187213 190 s4e e207 16 e219 eZ e209) Merce AMIGA PARMAR AAs Gs Isle ZaiieGle ais Sys PAY SARI es PAY OIL ASK) WIDUES 7/3 PAK) DILL S [|i] 2 GHGS 7 2 S205 10° 326% 127338317 odo wool Orn oo eacia ia oOOr GLOSSARY 9; 370: 32; 37335; 3/6a: 17; 376b: 385 38a 27 eee haerooe 385: 26; 431:9; 465: [10]; 478: [6] nuepa cednyne 2191:3 ceA[n] 260: 12 cednv- 15/22: diagr.; C217 2 )-921 9 bedia gta. lise AIS 7 gednviakds 81: 155 onualyw 95:107; 138/161: 3, 5, [7], 9 onuetoy point L 428 C81 222: 28 owwrtikds 138/161: 14 oxémrouat 137c: 2 oxoprios —3: [9], [11]; 15/22:12, 15; 81:70, 92, 166; 95:27; 184:9; 190:5; 219111:4; 21911 12;4-8 220; 4 2452. 277: 4; 284:10, 15, [16]; 293 VILLS63)338 437A eee odor 353: diagr.; 366:6; 370: 33, 38; 376a:14; 376b:35; 431: 9; 465:5 cxop 2191 e; 394:5 cxopmr 15/22: diagr.; cxpo 2191a cxpome 2191 c: diagr. cxpomioy 2191 b: diagr. ckwp’ 150: 7 o6s on 284: 3 sodés 137c: 3 omopimos 81: 208 oz[ 137: 18 ordéo.s conflict; disagreement L 76 C6 68:14; L142 V 288: 36 — position; aspect L 40 C 8,2 84:19; L102 XII 14 V 283: 34; L124 V 281:5 atepeds 81: 84, 159 ornpryuos 137a: 11, L 497 note 36 ornpifw 81: 119 DrirBwv 46:16; 81:157; 95:53; 250,2: [27] ceTuN[Bwy 46:15 cTwAB 176 cTiABwy amo\\wvoc —61 95:28 219Ic:diagr.; 219I d: diagr.; 219 2191 d: diagr. 13, 17; 137b: [10], [13], 17; 137¢: 118; oroxetov 81: 60 oTpwddw revolve, turn L 80 Manetho III: 749 ot 15/22:2; 81:19 on 284: 3 cvppaptupéw be in common aspect with C6 70:17 cuupepitw also allot; divide L122 VI 30 V 274: 10 oupmecoupavew culminate with L 428 C81 222: 21 cvmmeroupdynors simultaneous culmination L 428 C81 222: 16 cuuueréxw share; be coruler (of period) L1201I V 287:8 cvunapatvyxdvw be present with; be situated with C6 70:13 cuumdpeyue combine periods (to the same total) L110 XII V 282: 26 cuumapovola being in company with L478 C6 65:17 cuumdoxh association, combination L37 V 233:26; L134 VI M281 230 ovvaipetiorns co-ruler L101 III V 94:7 — of the same sect L 74 XI V 84:29; L132 V 253: 17. ovvavaré\dw 137c: [15] cuvvaTokardoracis common return (to same distance) L 37 V 233: 2551 LOAMVAL E2375 27, ovvamtw be in conjunction; contact L 76 C6 68:18; L475 Cl 103: 16; L478 C6 65:6 cvvady conjunction; contact, approach to conjunction L 76 C6 69:2; L102 XII 14 V 283: 32; L1201X V290:13; L483 C6 66:7 otvderuos node L621 Usener III 273: 19 ovvedpevw n cuvvdpevcay 137c:5 GLOSSARY ouvéxw 81:9 suvodiKy potpa degree of conjunction L127 XI V 147: 26 — ¢dors conjunction C6 70:18 avvodos conjunction L 40 C 8,2 84:21; L78 V 94:1 auvorkodeomérns co-house-ruler (of nativity) L482 C81 240: 26 avoracts 95: 109; 138/161: 7; 345: 16 opatpos cgnypoc 2191:1 apovduros 81: 72 oxfua configuration 81:21; L113 1V C82 86:4; L121 V 210: 12 — diagram L 497 notes to diagr. céua 95; [106] cwpatixot xpdvor physical life periods L75 V 167: 15 t, 137c: fragm. 9; 208: 3 raé&s 81:197; 250,2: [6], [15], [18] ramewovpa be in depression L 478 C6 65: 11 raretvwua 81:117 tami- 137a: 14 ramwouate 137a:19, 32, 35, 38, 41 ramivopate 137b: 18, 31 tariwua 95: [28], 32, 34, 36, [38], 55, 69, 78; 137b: 14, 39; 345 : 12 taoow 81:18 tatpos —3:[6], [13]; 15/22:9, 13, diagr.; 32: [5]; 81: 76, 88; OSG 63, [731% 138/161: 63 139: 8 207765 217 43244; e245 3 2832502042 11 293 XID 3 3) 3382 [16] 351: todas. | +) 3002106 solas 26>) SolibJoreseo 228 5 478: 9 rav 176; 2191 a; 2191 b: diagr.; 2191 d: diagr. ravp 219 Ic: diagr.; 219Ie Glaxeeeic o/c. 12 re 81:4, 10, 19, 21, 124; 138/161: 10 telvw 81:24 réxvov 95: [108] Téxvwy, Toros mept Locus of Children L107 V 229: 5 repmvos 95: 105 récoapes 81: 142 réraptos 15/22:7 retpaywvitw L487 C1 107:11 reTpaywikas in quartile L 40 C82 85:1 TeTpaywvos mAevpad side of quartile L75 V 142: 3 ék TeTpayavou mdevpas quartile aspect L117X Aelius Arist. (Keil) 440: 27 retpamouvs four footed (sign) L483 C6 66:5 mes 81: 180; 95: 108; 137c: fragm. 5 rotérns 15/22: 10, diagr.; 46:6, 17, 20; 95:39, 57; 137a: 6, 20, 2S, Ads lsvioe lleil, WAN; As, Zoe Weyer ae Ieee Tlie livApe ZOE G8 ROSA AMG NAMNLS 7/2 ZEROUT ails SiGe etsheren I5e Ghggalamins sees 7/2 CNRS, Sis Geass Sieelneatoe 478 : 6 dogorn 187: igs 373: 6 ome Ormee oO Dare 219M bindiagie: diagr.; 219Te Tomy potpa longitudinal degree L 428 C8,1 222:5 romos 81:94 routésty 81: 30, 56; 137c:3 tpéxw 81:77 tptaxovrads thirtieth (of a sign); degree L61 X V 144:8 rprds triad; third interval L 37 V 233: 30 tprywvitw 95: 112 tplywvos 81: 131, 170, 179; 137c¢:14; 250,2: [2], [10], [22] tpiraia third (of moon) L 487 C1 106(b) : 12 rpitn third (of moon) L483 C6 66:8 rptros 81:37, 41, 112; 95:77, [115], 125; 145: 3 tporn 81: 36 tpomexoy ‘hdioy tropical sign L486 C1 101:7 219 Les diagr.; 219 id: 109 tpomos 81:29; 138/161:5 mpc 137a:5; 137b: [4]; 137: 10; 190:1; 277:2; 320:4; 351: LIZ S6624. 37023) 4 37323 TVYX aH Tuy xavw 250,2: [6], [15], 18 turxavw 15/22: 4, 7 Tux Zio wlo/ae [|e Mofbs43s 13/csiragm.: 2.9 138/161. Speceto gee 72 ls 282: ba 264 1s 3162 14.320; 1s 326:4- Soe We Seis 2 Syleln 8 Sil — («dfjpos) 81:177; 137a: 36, 39; 137b: 35, 38; 138/161: 2; NSZe Ss ssi, Gales cyWests syeailOE syle “ie 376b: 41; 381a: 28; 381b: 36; 385: 29 vyleva vyecay 353: 2 bdpox6os —3:14; 50,3: [2]; 81:127; 137b: [7], [9]; 171: [3]; Was Sie AIS [Sie ZS ial, Gs Case ile Hass no nypoxlolw 125: 11 VY pPHX we 46:11 vdp [176]; 2191 b: diagr.; 2191 c: diagr.; 219 1d: diagr. vdpnxo 326: 9 vdpnxooc —9: 3, [4]; 95:51, TAS Wee Ge WS ells 27s, Os 282 WOOL OO Os OOo On 19-8353 diagne 3/0305 DISoS) vdpnxouv 260: 4 vdpnxw 316:8 vopixw 207:2, 5, 8 vdpo 2191 a; 2191e vdpoxove 2191 b: 4 vdpoxow 15/22: 14, diagr. vdpoxw 137a: 8, 10; 220: 3 vdpoxw! 139:7 vdpoxw 219 111:5 vdpuxwov 431; 7 vids 137c: 6 tmdpxw be effective L 484 C6 67:6 tmavyos invisible, close to sun L 40 C82 84:20; L497 note 38 brépyeioy pecoupdynua upper culmination L 40 C82 84:11 tmepéxw 95: 109 tré 95: 108, 113; 284: 3 — ynv —3:14; 15/22: [15], diagr.; 46:20; 95: 68; 137a: 33; 137 Di083 trdéyeros lower culmination L 40 C8,2 84:12 trodéxouar receive (in house, terms, triangle, or sign of exalta- tion) L482 C 8,1 240: 22 trodexduevos receiving (star) ; ruler of receiving house L 479 Cl 104: 14 tmouevw be destined to; have to expect L75 V 168: 18 trdoraots 138/161: 15 tos 81: 109 bow 81: 63 tYwua exaltation 81:81, 102, 146; 95:32, 38, 49, 54, 63, 68, 74; SVS Wel A, Hl, G4, SW, 2S Wes TIRE Sil, GEL Sle, Sie L 482 C8,1 240: 23 uf 95:73 — exaltation of the nativity L 65 X V 86:8; L95 V 14 V 86:2 — Kara Thy yéveow exalt. of the nativ. L1231 V 231: 23 — Tis yevéeoews — — — — 1,50 V 83:22 tbWwpatikoy ((wdiov) sign of exaltation L1111V V 228: 19 bwwrikoy (fwdioy) — — — L1111V V 228: 20 Badcbwy —61; 46: [8]; 81: 108; 95:36; [176] Paivwy 46: [6]; 81:96; 95:30; 137c: II, 1 pay 176 gpamevwd 139: [2]; 283:2 gape? 150: 2 gavracia prestige L61V V 86:19 200 GLOSSARY gpapnova 81:38; 177:2; 207: [9]; 385: [23] gappov? 125: 2 gappovte 145: 2 gpdors phase 81:21, 161; L 76 C6 68: 19 gawd. —3:2; 15/22:5, 6; 260:2; 316:4; 376a:11; 376b: 34 gdépw 81:52, 75 0dvw overtake, extend L120II V 174:12; L380 C81 146: 17 gidia 138/161: 7 gidlas, rémos mept Locus of Friendship L 122122 V 230: 29 prrorovéw 81:5 pidrraros 81:33; 284: 3 gpovpéw accompany; attend L 87 VII V 129: 10 gvradttw —3:16 gvorxés 95: [79] otors 95: 109 guteta 95: [108] gas luminary L 76 C6 68:18 gworjp luminary C6 70:31 bwopdpos 81: 138; 250,2:17 owed 176 gwegopove 95: 48 gwcegdwpoc 46:13 Xaddarkés 137c: 3 xap —3:17 XEtmepivos Xemepey.| 137c: 20 xXiALogT és aUNEOe 81:79 xAapls 81: 133 xowax 338: 4; 384:2 xvax 227: 4 xp 478:1 xenuari¢w 95: [98], [102], 117, 125, 127, 134 xpnuaticrikés operative; effective 95: [82]; L 74 XI1-V 84, 29 xpovoypagia period of time L 75 V 168:14; L122 X11 V 268: 25 xpovoxparéw be chronocrator L 401 C8,1 233: 16 xpovoxparwp chronocrator; ruler of period of life L152 V 170: 24 xpovos 15/22:4 6; 81:35, 209; 95:125, 134; 137c¢:7; 284:2 + — time degree L401 C81 232: 23 xpucds 81:85 xpapua 95: 110 Yngltw 81:17, 188, 200; 137c:11 — rapa multiply L 431 V 365: 12 Yigdos 138/161: 11 Woyos 95: 113 yuxpdés 95: 112 pa hour; see also wpooxémos —9:2; 15/22:7; 32:2; 81:42; 137a: 5: 137b3 [413 137c: 10; 138/161:18; 13923: 145: 3; 1492 SO oraoleo cml lo 177-9 [2] eel cde oem ozasml ellie 22022 (22724 250.2 verso; 258: [2]'4 293 Ville 229316: 5; 320: [4] $7125.73 100 em ZO bese lO co) 1210 Iidi2 e210 iets 2 219 TE terse 21 OM a8) 3 244 21> 260 33 Zio Zocor 2833; 28427. versosso2054> 345: 3° 351): [12] 3701 S73EOG OLOAIAEMO ODA moO La a Ze TOOL ROE Oso Zor 394: 3; 431:2; 465:2 wp —3:3 wpiaia diacrody hourly distinction L 61 X V 143: 28 @piatoy pécov dpounua hourly mean motion L 380 C8,1 146: 12 wpiatos xpovos time degree L 401 C 8,1 232:8; L516 C81 231: 16 a&pysala horimaia L 482 C81 240: 27; cf. L482 note 8 wpovouew be in horoscope L 483 C6 66:7 wpovouos 95: 59 &pookoréw —3: [11]; 15/22:13; 46:18; 150:7 wpooxémos 15/22: diagr.; 32:8; 81:165; 95:59; 125:5; 137b: 26; 139: [9]; 149:8; 177: [3]5 187214220 Reems 260: 4; 284: [17]; 316:12 opockoroc 137a: 26; 190:8; 353: [diagr.] @ 182:7; 207:8: 217:6; 2191 b: 4; 219 1D 4a 21 Oriani 7; 244: [3]; 245: [1]; 282:3; 32626:345e-4 ee jolemee 366: 5; -370: 32: 37334; 376a: 14; 53 7ob ee oeeeco lana 381b: [32]; 385: [24]; 394:4; 431:10; 465:3 wpa 277:9; 283:4; 293 VIII: 4; 320:5 wpackomoc 326:5; 338:5 wpk L497 notes to diagr. wpockomot, oc AG Aawmpor 95:21, [26], 34, 40, [45], 52, 56, 64 ws 81:42, 189; 137c:2 éomep 137¢:5 2. Greek Words, incomplete Ja 95: 108 Jocxo[.] 138/161: 13 Jarry 137c: fragm. 4 jro 137c: 19 Jav 95: 114 |po 137027 Jdeca 250,1: 1 Je 95:2 Joedec 138/161: 14 Jene 95: 1 ec 95: 8 Jero 95: 5 Jrepo[ 137c: fragm. 3 Jrepov 137c: fragm. 6 Jro..v.[ 137c: fragm. 1 Ne CROAE al Iroc 138/161: 18 Snell Syke 2 Jrw 137c: 18 do 95: 10 ]..x0 95: 9 val 15/22: 1 Jw 137c: 16; 138/161: 10 |v. .covl 137¢: 25 Jer 95: 14 Jovrac USVAS > fragm. a Jwva 95: 6 oluc 95:114 3. Names of Persons and Places "ABvdos L474 C1 102(b) : 16 "AOjvae L. 440 C 8,4 221(b) :3; L475 C1 103:1 Alyirrios 81:1; 137¢:9; 187:5; 207:9; L497 C4 106: 17 Alyurros L621 Usener III 274: 17 *AreEdvSpeca L479 C1 103(b) :2; L486 C1 100(b):2 "AréEav(Spos) Maxedwy 2191 b:3 *Ané~avdpos, Leovnpos 227: 3 ’AvovBiwy 137a:1; 137b: [1] "Avodmr 478:2 ’Ayriyovos L. 40 C82 84:2; L487 C1 107:4=C6 64:14 — 6 Nexae’ds L76 C6 67(b) : 6 ’"Avridxera L484 C1 107(b):2=—C6 66: 16 "Avrwvivos 137¢:3; 137b: [2]; 137¢:73 138/16le aaa onee PGBS AOS ts hope Avrwvevov 145: 1 Avrwy’ 21911 1:1 "AmoAdwvla 385: 20 "AmoNAwvixos 219 1b: 4 "Appevia L621 Usener III 275:8 ‘Aproxpatiwy 161: 1 *Apreutdwpos 353:1; 385: 22 "AckAnmdés 137c: 6 Baowre’s (i.e. Necho) 137c:4 Bnods 353: 3 BovAyapo. L 621 Usener III 275: 2 Butdvriuov L440 C84 221(b):4; L463 C84 224: 22 Taddrnvds 258: [1] Aidvpu(os) 217: 1 AvoxAnriavéds 284:5, versol; 316:3; 320:3; 326:3; 338:3; $513 [11] 3" 3705305) 373i 25, 376a 3413) S7Ob 345 solace 381b: 31; 385:21; 431:1; 465:1; 478:3 eee GLOSSARY AtakAntiavov 366: 2 AvokAntiavod Baortela L 380 C8,1 146: 4 — éros L419 V 365: 30; L431 V 365:3; L475 C1 103:2 Avovvaia 244: 1 Awpé6eos L475 C1 103: 20; L487 C1 107:2 = C6 64:12 gees 345: 2 "EOplBwr, eonuos rs L621 Usener III 272: 10 "BAdny 161: 4; 187: 4; 284: 6 HdAnvev 137¢:9 ‘Emipdvios 6 ’Apafixds Eumopos L621 Usener III 271: 24 ‘Epuelas 376b: 33 ‘Eppecévy 351: 11 ‘Eppueiwy 373: 1 ‘Epufs (god, astrologer) 137c:6 ‘Epynciwy 338: 2 ‘Epuoyévns 376a: 13 ‘Eppo’rons 81: 201 "Eppwy 81: 33 Bbréxcos L497 C1 170(c):1 ‘Hpaxdeldns 316: 2 Hoaocriwy OnBaios L 380 C81 141:1 "Honotos 137c: 6 Ocddwpos 6 Abyousrddios L 486 C1 100(b) :1 Ocdrimos 376a: 14 Oewvivos 277: 1 OnBaios L 440 C8,4 221(b) :2; see also ‘Hdatoriwy IBnpla L621 Usener III 275:9 "TuwotOns 137c: 6 "Tvdo. L621 Usener III 275:7 *Iaidwpos 366: 3 Iouand L621 Usener III 272: 11 ‘Iwdvyns 376a: 11; 376b: 31 Kawcdpea L474 C1 102(b) :2 Karmadoxia L621 Usener III 274: 21 Kapivos 282:2; 283:2 Kidrrxéa L621 Usener III 274: 21 Kodxls L621 Usener III 275:9 Képupodos 190: [1] Komrpias 326: 2 Kopaciavav, gud} Tay eyouevwv L 621 Usener III 272: 10 Kopryj\tos Dadwveivos 258: 1 Kpirédnuos L 61 X V 143:6; cf. C BW NAR AY) Kurfros 260: 1 Kupiddods 370: 29 Kipos 38la: 21; 381b: 30 Aeévrios L484 C1 107(b):1=C6 66: 16 AtBin L621 Usener III 274: 17 Makdpios 376b: 33 Maxeddév 219T b:3 Maxpravés 260: 1 Mwdped L621 Usener III 272: 11 Nexeds 137c: 4 Baoire’s 137c: 4 Nyoria 385: 20 Nixaydpas dpywv L412 Marinus (Cousin) 61: 25 Nirdupwv 366: 1 “Oxis 2191 i: 3 "Oxxas (2?) 2191 d:3 Ovarertiviavds Baorreds L419 V 365: 29 Ovarepiavés 258: 1 Ovdjpos 161: 3 ['O]péAXvos 138/161 : 17 Iladaorivn 1,621 Usener III 274: 18 Tlayévns 366: [3] Iépyauov L117X Aelius Arist. (Keil) 440: 22 Ilepols L621 Usener III 275:7 Tlepoéy Bacrdela L621 Usener III 275: 4 Tlerogipis 137c: [4] 201 Ilirjvios 81: 186 Texte 283: 1 TWAdrwy L117 X Aelius Arist. (Keil) 440: 20 IIpéBos 277: 2 Ipaérapxos 177: 1 TIrodewatos L 428 C81 221:13; L497 C4 106:17 — 6 betos L 497 C1 171:10 IIroNeuats 227:2 ‘Pwpaios 81: 43 ‘Pwpatwy Baorela L621 Usener III 274: 22 — @6vos L621 Usener III 274: 19 Larwvreivos 258: 1 Laparauuwy 260: 13 Leovfpos ’Adé~avdpos 227: 3 Lepjvos 385: 21 Zxvbia L621 Usener III 275:9 Zuvpva L 117 X Aelius Arist. (Keil) 440: 21; L479 C1103(b):1 Lraviwy, kriwa da L419 V 365: 29 Zupia L621 Usener III 274: 18 TiBépios 15/22: 5; 32:1 Tiros 81: 38 Tiros Iitjvios 81: 185 Todpxo. L621 Usener III 275: 1 Tpigwy 15/22:2 Pavovoipe 385: 22 @idimmos 244: [1] Piré6yn 150: 1 Xdfapo. L621 Usener III 275: 1 Wavoves 137a:2; 137b:1 Xaddacxés 137c: 3 Xp 478: 1 4. Constellations and Star Names (except for zodiacal signs, for which see the General Glossary, and for decans, for which see the Coptic Glossary) avrapns L497 C4 108: 25 dpys L118 C2 168: 32; L479 C1 104:11 adoxdnmds L479 C1 104: 21 Bédos 137c: 18 yavuundns 81: 135 ixds, vorecos 81: 148 — xededovaios 81: 104 kapkivos (bright star at the back of) 81: 110, 120-122 kévravpos L, 80 Manetho III: 749 Bédos (i.e. Kévtavpos) 137c¢: 18 kqros (star at nostril of) L497 C4 107:5 kptés (flank of) 81:64 — (star in the rhomboid quadrangle of) L497 C4 107: 4-5 — (star at tail of) L497 C4 107:9 kiwy (Sirius) L 12011 V 101: 22 héewy (back of) 81:174 — (star in the buttocks of) L497 C4 107: 30 Névoe 81: 153 ovpavetoxos 137c: 17 dgodxos (star at right knee of) L497 C4 108: 14 mapévos (star at the back and right wing of) L497 C4 107: 20 mArnids L871 V 111: 37 oxoprios (star between claws of) L497 C4 106: 13 — (star in the body of) L497 C4 108: 10,25 tadpos (back of) 81:87 — (star at northern horn of) L497 C4 106: 23 tyela L497 C1 104: 30 bdpoxots (bright star at 20th degree of ~~) L 76 and commentary note 20 C6 68:27 — (star in the cloak of) 81: 133-134 xXeAOoviatos xeAevdovrarov 81: 104 202 By COPTIC For the Coptic section of No. 95 cf. Cerny-Parker iM, ios CBieae. apov> 95:45, 52 cevtaxop 81: 68 apwe apur 95: 41 cicpor 95:71 apwd 81:91 cpu 95: 67 Bixwr 95:35 crwpa 95: 69 eTde 95: 34 Ire 95: 29 Govpové 81: 172 gpoutde 95: 41 kat/ kovat/ 95:58 xev 95:21 kvoume 95: 65 xevral 95: 56 ovecdn Bixwr 95: [35] xwl 95:52 Rpaxvovt 95:65 6ecXoc 376b pewevaape 95: 47 pemevax.[....] 95:65 CeENCEISE For references see the Greek Glossary accompany dopupopéw; ppovpéw accomplishment, locus of wepimolyno.s ; mepimountiKds Toros activity, locus of mpakxriKds réros adding to its numbers mpooertikds Tols apiOuois affairs (political) mpdaés allot KAnpow; peplfw animal {(wdroyv anomaly dvwyadia apoclima dmékdima; amdKNots —, be in dmoxAlvw apportion pepifw apportionment émipepiopds approach (to chronocratorship) éréuBacts ascending node dvaBaivwy; dvaBiBatwr aspect émimaprupla; orders — see also diameter; quartile; sextile; trine —,be in Prérw; émiBdérw; emipmaptipynors; Oewpéw; paptupéw; opaw — —, along with cuppaprupéw —, not in duapripytos —, superior dexaredw; kadumeprepew; Kabumeptépnors associate ruler dvérwy association ovumoKky attend dopypopéw; ppovpéw Bad Daemon kakodaimoynua; Kakds Saluwy — —, be in kakobapovew basis Bdaous be with cuuraparvyxdvw; cvpumapovala bicorporeal sign dicwuov fwd.0v center xéyTpov; KévTpwors —, be in a émikxevtpos; Kevtpodmar —, in same éudxerrpos children, locus of rézos mepl réxvwy chronocrator kocuoxpdtwp; xpovoxpatwp —, be xpovoxparéw claim (to house rulership) Adyos co-house-ruler cuvorxodeorérns combination ovpm\oKy combine periods (to same total) cupmdpem trols xpédvors common return cuvarokardoracts compute Wy¢gitw computation mécs configuration alpeois; dorpobecia; Sudbeua; SidOeois; ordows; oxHUa conflict ordovs conjunction cuvady; cuvodich pdois; oivodos —, approach to ovvagy GLOSSARY —, be in ovvarTw —,next (following) péddovea ovvodos contact Ké\Anos; cvvady —, be about to receive éxdéxouar suvapnyy —, be in KoA\dw; cuvarrw —, leave droppéw control dvaxaréxw; dvaxparéw co-ruler émikxowvos (KUpios) ; cuvaiperiorns count mepifw countenance mpécwmoy crescent dévywvios crisis; critical time «Aiuaxrhp critical locus kAtuaxrnpiKds Té0s culminate pecovpavéw; see also midheaven — simultaneously with cvpmecovpavéw — with reference to Lot of Fortune pecoupavéw 7O KANpw culmination pecovpaynots —, lower tm yhv —, simultaneous cvppecouparnors —, upper vmrépyeioy pecovpaynua cycle xKos daemon, bad kakodaimovnua; Kkakds daluwy —, good dyaos Saluwy; ayabodamovéw death, locus of @avariKds tém0s; Odvaros decan dexavés; diu(epiopds) degree potpa; uéopiov; tpraxovrTds —, reckoned by morprxés depression rarewvodmat; Tamelvwua descending node kataBi.Batwr destined kAnpovouéw; taouévw destroy dva:péw; mraparpew destroyer dvaipérns; mapaipéerns destruction dvaipeors destructive dvaiperikés ; maparpetiKos determine dvarexualpomac diagram odaipos; oxhua diametrical dvapwerpéw; Sidmerpos dim dmavpés direct motion mpooOérns; mpooberiKds Tols apiOpuots disagreement ordovs distance dudornua distant, be adiornuc division alpeocs dominant aspect kadumeprépno.s; KaOumeptepéw; KkaTtorrevw downwards katwepas eclipse éxAemriKdy effect; be effective depydfouar; damorekéw; Urdpxw; xpnmarivw elongation dmécracts epanaphora éravagopd; émravadépomar; emt dvapopas equal degree or position, of icduo.por equator ionpepiyds equilateral triangle icookedés tpiywvov equi-zonal dudtwros eternal alyios exaltation twos; bWdw; tWwua; 7d WWwriKdy — of the nativity tYwua; tYwua kara Thy yéveow; twa rhs yevérews —, sign of tWwuarikdy ({wdror) extend ¢0dvw faint duaupéds fall in caradynyw favorable position, in oixetws figure e@dos finger ddxrvAos first interval udvas fixed star drAavis aornp forecast dmorekéw Fortune, lot of kAjpos, KAfpos TUxnS fourfooted (sign) rerpdzovs friendship, locus of rézos rept pidias full moon ravoednyiakh dos; wavoéAnvos —, sign of ravoehnuakdy Swd.ov god, locus of rézos Oe00; rémos rept Beot good daemon dyads Saluwy good fortune dyad) rUx7 — —, be located in adyalotuxéw hem in éumepiexw; éurrepioxn hexagon, side of mAevpa é€dywvos horoscope yéveo.s, éua Horoscopos dvarodikoy Kévtpoyv; wpooKédros —, be in wpovoméw; wpookoréw hostile (planet) éx6pés hour, seasonal xapixy dpa hourly distinction wpiata dcacTroAy — mean motion wpiaiov uécor Spdunua house oiknrnpioy ; olkos house ruler oixodéxtwp; oikodermérns — —, without dvoixodeorérns ideal zodiac vonrov (wdiakdy incline Aofow inferior aspect, be in Kadumeprepod ua influence, have dzrorehéw inquiry épwrnots intellect, locus of dvavonrikds Téros intercalary (day) éuBodropds intercept katahauBdvw; wereuBorew; pmereuBodla interval didoraocrs —, first wovas —, second duds —, third rpids invisible; close to the sun bzavyos itself; its own house éauvrés Jupiter Zevs; daddwy king, locus of Baoiixds rémos latitude w\dros lead; forerunner mponynots locus rézos longitude pAKos longitudinal degree romixy potpa look upon é6pdaw lot KAjpos lots (of Fortune and Daimon) kAfpor lower culmination iad yqv; troyeor luminary ¢6s; @wornp magnitude péyebos; dyKos marriage, locus of yamooro\uKés ; yapoorddos Mars “Apys; IlLupées mean motion, hourly wpiatoy pécov Spounua Mercury “Epuns; ZridBwv meridian yueonuBpivdy middle of jucous midheaven xopydy; mecoupdynua; pécoos ovpavds minute Nemrov misfortune-causing sign meeokomotmevoy (ad.oy Monday fpépa cednvns monomoiria povoporpla GLOSSARY morning phase égos dors motion kivéw; Kivyos multiply by rovéw rapa; wnolfw mapa nativity yevéO\n; yéveows; didOewa; Hua; Oeudrioy necessity (lot of) avayxn new moon day veounvia node ctivderpos — ascending dvaBalywy; dvaBiBatwv — descending kataBiBdtwr north Boperds ; Boperdtepos operative droredéw; mpaxtikds; xpnuatitw; xpnuatiotiKds Opposition dxpdvuKros; axpovvxlia; dakpdvuxos; dyrikepwac; meTpéw; SudmeTpos; évaytios; évavTiobmar; évaytiwors — to own house évaytiodmar éavTo orbit mepimaros outcome azédvots overtake p0dvw own olketos — domain, be in émitérws; idiororéw; oikelws — house, be in ld:0bpovéw partnership (of triangle rulers) petoyy pass by mapodetw, mapodos pass through d.0debw passivity md6os perceptible aic@yrés perigee mepiyevos period of time xpovoypadia — — life activities mpaxrikol ypdvor phase ¢dovs physical life periods cwuarikol xpdvor planet dornp; érra Oeol; mavemevos pole méXos portend dmotehéw; émitedéw portent doré\ecua position éroxy; ordois; see also longitude; latitude precede (in direction of daily rotation) mpoavapépouac preceding mponyotmevos prestige pavtacia prognostic dmoré\ecua progression mepimaros project rays see radiate property, locus of rémos ep! éfovclas quartile rerpaywrifw; TeTpaywrik@s; ek TeTpaywvou mAeupas —, side of rerpdywvos mNevpa radiate; project rays dxrivoBodéw; dxrwoBodla; Baddw — between peceuBoréw receive (in house, triangle, etc.) taodéyouwar 203 da- receiving (planet), ie. ruler of receiving house trodexduevos responsible locus aitvatixds rézros retrogradation dvarodicuds; apaipérns; adarperikds return, common ovvarokaracracts revolve, turn orpwhdw rise avaréA\w — simultaneously with mapavaré\\w; cuvavaréd\w rising dvatoAn; émvtoAh rising time dvapopd; dvadopikés — —, of short édvyavddopos — —, of equal icavddopos — —, equality icavdgopoy rule (period of life) émikparéw; kparéw ruler of day zodevwy — — hour d:érwy — — place in zodiac deorérns 204 — — receiving house olxodéxtwp; brodexduevos — — terms épikos xtpios Saturday fuépa Kpévou Saturn Kpévos; Paivwy saturnine xpovikés seasonal hour xaipixyn wpa second interval duds sect alpeos —, of same ouvaiperiorns; aiperikés set dUyw; Svorkds; Svows; duTiKdv seventh day (of moon; from Venus) éfdopuata sextile é&dywvos; éEd-ywvos meupa share cuppepifw; cumpeTéexw short rising time édAvyavddopos side of hexagon é£dywvos mNeupa sign (wd.ov; (Gov —, according to {wdiakds — indicating weakness raOnrikoyv (wd.oy — of full moon ravoednviakdy (wdcov slow motion, be in éAvyodpopéw slaves, locus of rézos rept dovhwy solar sign #Acakoy (wdcov solstice ionuepia south vérvos star dornp; beds start; starting period; first chronocratorship. ddeocs starter (first chronocrator) ddérns starting (ie. terms of starter) dderiKds stationary ornpiyuos; ornpifw step Baduds subtract dvaroditw succession (of chronocratorship) dvtimapddoars summer solstice icnuepia éapivds superior aspect dexatevw; Kabumeprepéw; Kabumeprépyots GLOSSARY table Kavwv; dpyavor take away rapa:poduar take over (chronocratorship) mapadauBdavw; mapadnyis terms dpia; dpos — ruler of 6pixds Ktpios theme @éua; Oeuartvoy third (of moon) tpiraia; rpirn thirds \erra rpira time degree xpdvos; wpraios xpdvos — — of daylight fwepivol wprator xpdvor — — — night vukcrepivol wprator ypdvor transfer of power rapadléwur; mapddoors travel, locus of réos epi éévys triad; third interval rpids tropical sign tpomKxoy (Hd.0v trouble, locus of apyés rézos turning away dmdéotpodos unfavorably located éxraparintw; mraparintw upper culmination trépyeov pecovpaynua upwards (in direction of daily rotation) avwdepads Venus ’Agpoditn; Kimpis; bwoddpos water clock kAeYvdpa wax avlipwréw weakness, sign indicating ma6yriKoyv (wd.ov weapon (of Centaur) fédos winged sign mrepwrov (wéd.oy yield (chronocratorship) mapadidwua; mapddoors zodiac, ideal vontoy (wd.aKdy — fixed daxivnrov — BGU 957 Class. Rev. 8,70 P. Aberd. 13 . Aberd. 126 Cornell Inv. 78 * Fay. 139 Fouad 6 Fouad 7 Hamb. 96 Harris 52 Harris 53 Tand. 88 Tand. 89 Lond. 98 Lond. 110 Lond. 130 Mich. 152 . Mich. 153 . Mich. Inv. 1461 * . Mich. Inv. 6329 * OOO DUO OOOO OO ty 83,10 83,27 84,3 84,12 84,23 85,1 85,9 85,19 85,25 86,4 86,10 86,17 86,24 86,32 93,21 93,13 93,25 94,3 101,22 111,33 112,5 113,3 113,11 113,19 113,25 113,32 114,1 CONCORDANCES IX, TIMENAMOS) IAC pOM EATON Left column: number of papyrus (not page number) in the original publication; *: unpublished Right column: horoscope number (Chapter I) —9 P. Osl. 6 150 P.S. 1.22 316 P. Osl. 163 190 187 P. Osl. 164 177 50,1,2,3 P. Osl. 165 394 282 P. Oxy. 235 15/22 P. S.1.23 161 P. Oxy. 307 * 46 125 P. Oxy. 585 220 P. S.1.24 293,811 P. Oxy. 596 139 145 149 171 245 P. Oxy. 804 —3 320 P. Oxy. 1476 260 Pst 25 95 P. Oxy. 1564 283 P. S. 1. 764 137,b P. Oxy. 1565 293, VIII 12) Sa tl Aes) 81 P. Oxy. 2060 478 P. S. I. 1276 184 Pear 19 137,a P. Warren 21 431 P. Par. 19 bis IB7c 208 P. Princ. 75 138/161 182 P. Ryl. 524 250,2 B. VETTIUS VALENS Left column: page and line of ed. Kroll Right column: horoscope L-number (Chapter IT) 50 114,6 104,IV 167,11 95,V,18 114,10 108, III 170,15 85,11 114,16 112, VI 1748 83 128,31 123, VII 210,8 74,XI1 129,1 97,11 223,1 72 129,8 87,VII 227 27, 82 129,15 86,XI1 228,15 97,XI 129,18 101,1 228,31 95,V,14 129,24 103 229,6 65,X 129,29 115,XII 229,13 105 130,1 65,V 230,7 61,V 130,6 88 230,11 109 130,11 89 230,14 62 130,17 91 230,18 86, VIII 141,28 75 230,22 188 142,8 110,111 230,32 78 143,5 61,X 231,5 101,III 147,11 114,V 231,32 120,11 147,23 71 233,25 87,1 153,15 75,1 234,7 118 154,1 74,1V 234,33 106 154,10 115,II 237,24 85,XI 156,7 75 253,6 116 156,14 135,I 267,28 117 X1 157,15 82 268,7 92,XI1 157,20 102,IV,a 268,16 83 157,24 102,1V,b 268,29 205 ZI9 TTL ZNO 2 244 ZANT 118 206 269,11 270,6 273,10 273,23 273,33 274,4 275,12 280,34 281,24 282,3 1;100 (£. 105) 1;102 (vs) 1;103 (v6) 1;103 (yn) 1;106 (4.125) 1;107 (£. 126) 1;171,2 (£. 140) 2 ;168,4 2 316824 4;106,6 5,2 344,26 5,2 344,38 5,2;45,8 5,2 345,16 5,2 352,24 Abydos, graffito Aelius Aristides Antiochus of Commagene Bodleian Ostr. 244 Dura, Rep. II, p. 161 Rep. IV, No. 231 232 CONCORDANCES 117,VI 282,16 110,XII 287,11 74,X1 282,28 113, VII 287,17 173 283,3 129 287,24 = 283,14 102,XII,14 287,30 122, VI1,30 284,3 105 288,20 122,VL,12 284,12 158 290,6 124 285,4 Hilal I< 318,15 134,VI 286,29 114,VII 365,3 108,XI 287,1 120,11 365,29 C. CCAG Left column: volume; page and line of CCAG Right column: horoscope L-number (Chapter II) 486 Bi2582,30 75 6 ;66,16 474 5285517 152 6 ;67 (£. 301) 479 5,2 ;119,16 132 8,1 ;146,3 475 5,2 ;120,30 AZ SVan 8,1 ;221,1 487 5,2 3120,33 86, XII 8,1 ;231,5 484 592 5120)35 101,! SZ S2aL 497 212153 103 SHE255 a1 122,XI1 Saal 115,XIT 8,1 ;240,17 118 S PAV} 65, V 8,2 58,3 497 5) 2eZAlil7/ 88 8,2 367,34 173 Sy SAL es 89 8,2 ;82 var. 159 S221 27) 91 8,2 ;84,1 162 6314 £. 300/301 479 8,2 ;85,18 122, V1,30 6 364,26 478 8,4 ;221,1 91 6 365,22 483 8,4 ;224,21 8,4 3236,8 8,4 ;236,24 - D. OTHER SOURCES Right column: horoscope number *: unpublished 353 Dura, Rep. 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SUBJECT INDEX Concerning topics not fully covered by the Glossary of Astrological and Technical Terms (p. 2 ff.), the list of Names of Persons and Places (p. 200), of Constellations and Star Names (p. 201) and the English Glossary (p. 202) of astrological terms. The numbers refer to pages. Abydos, Egypt, 69 Abydos, Hellespont, 142 accuracy of computations, 24, 89, 143, 171, 188 Aelius Aristides, 113 Agathos Daimon, 2, ct passim Alexander, era, 152, 166 Alexander Macedonius, 54 Alexandria, 3, 4, 144, 152, 170, 182 Alexandrian calendar, see calendar Almagest, see Ptolemy Anicius Acilius Aginatius Faustus, 147 anomaly, 68, 131, 171 anonymous of the year 379, 187 n. 61 Antares, 153 Antigonus of Nicaea, 79, 80, 90, 108, 115, 149, 176, 186 Antioch, 147, 187 Antiochus I of Commagene, 14, 161 Antiochus, astrologer, 188 Antoninus, 165 aphetes, sce starter apogee of Mars, 68 apoklima, 2, et passim Arabic horoscopes, 161, 172 Arabs, 159 archon Nicagoras, 135 Argo, 115 Aristides, 113, 176 Armenia, 159 arrangement of planets, 14, 164 ascendant, see Horoscopos Asclepius, 43, 145, 171 aspects, 2, et passim astrolabe, 158, 160 Athenian calendar, see calendar Athens, 140, 143, 187 Augustus, 3, 165 Avidius Cassius, 120 Babylon, 3, 184, et passim (clima of Bab.) Babylonian astrology, 6, 162 Babylonian astronomy, 3, 12, 14, 25, 26, 170 Babylonian horoscopes, 161, 162, 164 Balbillus, 76, 176 Bartoletti, V., 65 basis, 9, 92, 130, 131 Berossus, 185 n.19, n. 25 Bes, 69 Beutler, R., 136 biographical events: banished, 91, 99, 101, 109, 111, 117, 118 battles, 119, 159 danger at sea, 104, 115, 125, 142, 143, 145 divorce, 106 escapes 1S ll O I 21 el23e 125045 fugitive, 120, 140 gifts, 80, 97, 108, 111, 126 imprisoned, 113, 118, 119, 121 inheritance, 97, 104, 106, 107, 122 law suits, 32, 103, 104, 106, 108, 111, TS eet Sel 20 e222 5 126 riots, 86, 93, 103, 119, 121 shipwreck, 87, 104, 115, 143, 145 theft, robbery, 93, 109, 123, 143, 148 voyage by ship, 104, 115, 125, 142, 143, 144, 146 women, 32, 33, 107, 108, 113, 117, 118, 121, 126, 127, 142 Birtni, 28, 68 n.1 bodily defects, see injury Boer, 29's 25, 10, 155 books and papyrus, as cargo, 145 Bouché-Leclereq, 2, 15, 176, et passim Boulanger, 113 bronze objects, 145 Brown, E. W., Tables, 2 Bulgars, 159 Byzantium, 4, 140, 141, 170 n. 70, 188 Caesarea, 142, 187 calendar, Alexandrian, 3, 17, 18, 25, 46, 50, 51, 173, et passim Athenian, 135 Egyptian, 3, 17, 18, 25, 38, 46, 50, 51, 166, 173 Macedonian, 3, 15, 16, 49, 54, 58, 166 Roman, 23, 25, 166, 169 camels, 143 Cappadocia, 159 Caracalla, 165 Carinus, 165 Carmody, F., 172 Cassius Dio, 109 Ceionius Rufius Albinus, 161 n.5 Centaur, 92, 170 centers, 3, 60, 138, et passim Cerny, J., 29, 32, 161 n.3 Chalcidius, 141 Cilicia, 159 Cleomedes, 141 climata, 3, 111, 138, 170, 182, et passim Colchis, 159 collection of horoscopes, 162 Commagene, 14 commanding signs, 5, 28 Commodus, 165 conception, 15, 28, 86, 112, 131, 187 connected, 146 n.7, 157 Constantius, 165 211 contact, 5, 146, 157 Coptic, 29, 33, 72 Cornelius Saloninus, 165 coronation horoscopes, 16, 147 Cramer, F. H., 80, 90 n.2 critical number, 102 n.1(b) critical years, 97, 110, 111 Critodemus, 79 n.1, 82, 83, 84, 97, 102, 176, 185 Cumont, 80, 148, 185, 188, 190, et passim Dating, method of, 1 day, epoch, 18, 25, 167, 169 De planetis, 115 n.7, 121, 176 death (see also length of life) : in bath, 99, 122 beheaded, 94, 95, 98 burned to death, 99, 102 choked to death, 122 drowning, 95, 125 executed, hanged, 96, 109, 141 killed, 108, 109, 136 poison, 84, 108 by snake, 33 suicide, 96, 99 wild beasts, 96, 112 death of children, 100, 103, 126, 129, 130, 141, 146 of concubines, 107, 127 of father, 108, 109, 115, 116, 128 of mother, 103, 108, 116 of relatives, 33 of slaves, 111 of wife, 121 alzcains, 5, 25), ZA, S¥4, Gey 58) decimal fractions of a degree, 25 Delambre, 135 Delatte, A., 140 n.2, 141 Demetrius, 142 n.1 demotic horoscopes, 161 n. 33, 168 demotic planetary tables, 166 n. 3, 173, 180 Dendera, 5, 6 depression, 7, 29, 36, et passim destroyer, 76, 78; cf. also length of life diagrams of horoscopes, 18, 49, 54, 55, 58, 76, 80, 90 n. 2, 144 n. 3(a), 144 n. 5(b), 146m 2) 147 no1, 156, 1590.11, 163 diameter (= opposition), 6, 171 n. 77 of moon, as unit, 26, 171 Diocletian, era, 6, 165 disjunct signs, 13 n. 35 distance, 97 from M, 134, 150, 152, 158 dodekatemoria, 6, 12, 25, 34, 35, 145, 146, 149 212 dominant, 3 Domitia Paulina, 90 n. 7a Doresse, J., 64 Dorotheus, 143, 147 n.21, 149, 185 double dates, 18, 24, 25, 167 double prerogative, 68 n.2 dream, 34, 113, 167 Dura, 49, 54, 58, 162 dysis, 7 Eclipse, 136, 148, 171, 174 Edia, 5,6, 37 Egypt, 159 Egyptian calendar, see calendar elongation, maximum, of Venus, 141 epanaphora, 7, 8 ephemeris for 467, 166 n. 29 Epiphanius, 158 equinoctial hours, 169 equinoxes, 4, 24, 25, 171 equi-zonal signs, 142 n. 12 eros, lot of, 9, 45, 67 errors of prediction, 147, 149 Eudaemon, see Valerius Eudaemon Eudoxus, 15 Eutocius, 172, 176, 188 evening epoch, 18, 25, 169 exaltation, 7, 29, 36, et passim Fabricius, 135 father, death of, 109, 115, 116, 128 female sign, 9, 19, 23, 29 fictitious data, 83, 87 n. 21, 89, 134, 152 figures, see diagrams finger, as unit, 25, 171 Firmicus Maternus, 6, 25, 161 n. 5 fixed stars, 26, 153, 171, 187 Flavius Trocondus, 147 forty days of danger, 17, 80, 91, 109 Fotheringham, 52, 56, 60, 164 n. 16 Freudenthal, J., 136 Gagé, 54 n. 10 Galerius, 165 Galienus, 165 Ganymede, 27 geographical latitude, 3, 11 gnomon, horoscopic and solar, 136, 140 Goedicke, H., 168 n. 48 Goell, T., 14 graffiti, 49, 54, 58, 69, 163, 166 Gundel, W., 6, 27, 186 Hadrian, 17, 80, 91, 109, 186 Halley, 114 Handy Tables, 2, 4 n.5, 9, 10, 134, 188, et passim Heegaard, P., 48, 50, 52, 73 Hephaestion, 6, 80, 131, 176, 187 Heracleopolis Magna, 16 Heraclides Ponticus, 141 Hermes Trismegistus, 27, 186 Hermogenes, son of Theotimus, 71, 165 Hermopolis, 24 Homer, quoted, 155 horimaia, 146 horoscopes, the 36, 36, 37 horoscopic gnomon, 136, 140 Horoscopos, 7, et passim hours, 24, 169 houses, 7, 10, 28, 36 Hultsch, 189 n. 76 Humann, 14 Hygeia, 69 n. 2, 145 Hyperberetaios = October, 49, 55 Hyperides, funeral oration, 28, 38 Iberia, 159 illness, 32, 87, 101, 108, 111, 113, 127 asthma, 90 breast, chest, throat, 87, 88 convulsions, 129 dropsy, 90 eczema, lichens, mange, 93, 129 evento 18).126 feet, 103, 118 fever, 32 flow of blood, 109 gout, 94, 95 leprosy, 93 lunacy, madness, 103, 104, 127 Illus, 141 imum coeli, 9 India, 159 indictio, 165 , injury or bodily defects (see also illness) : baldness, 115 broken limbs, 87 castration, 114 genitals, groin, 94, 95, 97, 114, 115 hunchbacked, 108 short armed, 102 thigh, 94 wounded, 119, 127, 129 intervals, 79 Isidoros, son of Pamenes, 69, 165 Islam, horoscope of, 158 islamic astrology, 161, 171, 172, 176 Ismael, 158 n.1 Italy, 182 Jebb, 114 Johnson, J., 49 Julian the Apostate, 135 Julian of Laodicaea, 188 Kahle, P., 29 Karanis, 50 katarche, 7, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149 Khazars, 159 Khosro I, 16 n. 13, 161 Koch, W., 161 n.5 Kroll, 80; 82) 915 Mivays lib omneZ, 176, et passim Latin horoscopes, 161 n.5 latitude of planets, 171 lawsuit, 32, 103, 104, 106, 108, 111, 113, 117, 118, 120, 122, 125, 126 length of daylight, 3, 26 length of life, 77, 78, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 100, 102, 105, 109, 110, 112, 120, 123, 126, 129, 130, 136, 138, 174, 177, 178, 179 Lenormant, 114 Leo I, 141 n.3 SUBJECT INDEX: DOMINANT — OCCUPATION Leo III, 159 n.9 Leontius, 16 n. 13, 141, 147 letter, 149 Libya, 159 linear zigzag functions, 43 lion, tamed, 146 loci, 2, 7, 76, 132, 139, et passim Loos, 3, 15, 16 Lot of Fortune, 2, 8, 28, 41, 55, 56, 174, et passim lots, 8, 45, 67, 164, et passim lunar diameter, 26, 171 Macarius, son of Hermias Gesdos, 72, 166 Macedonian calendar, see calendar Macrianus, 165 magnitude, stellar, 9, 25, 91, 153, 171 male sign, 9, 19, 29 Manetho, 92, 163, 176 Marcus Aurelius, 165 Marinus, 135 MAsha’allah, 172, 190 Masson, 114 Maximianus, 165 medical supply, 145 Metonic cycle, 10 midheaven, 8, 9, 78, ef passim midnight epoch, 167, 168, 169 n. 56 monomoiria, 10, 155 months, names, 3, 166 morning epoch, 18, 167, 169 mother, death of, 103, 109,116 - Muhammad, 158 multiplication table, 66 Munychion, 136 n. 14 Nebuchelus, 54 necessity, lot of, 9, 45, 67 Nechepso, 5, 28, 185 Neugebauer, P. V., Tables, 2, 26, 156 Nicagoras, archon, 135 Nimrud Dagh, 14 nodes of moon, symbols, 159 n. 11 nodes of orbits, 25, 165, 171 non-viable, see stillborn normal stars, 26 numerals, Greek, 136 Obeying signs, 5 oblique ascension, see rising times occupation and status: consul, 140, 147 dancer, 121 distinguished person, 33, 79, 81, 86, 92, 93, 94, 99, 103, 107, 113 eunuch, 83 gens, 104 gladiator, 109 governorship, 86, 88, 93, 97, 98, 101, 148 grammarian, 140 guardsman, 109 hireling, 33 night-watchman, 72 patrician, 141 pirate, 125 praefectus augustalis Aegypti, 148 president, 72 priesthood, 83, 85, 92, 100, 103, 127 SUBJECT INDEX: OCCUPATION — ZODIACAL quaestor, 140 robber, 109, 144 seer, 94, 115 slaves, 32, 88, 104, 107, 108, 111, 113, Se 123, 1275) 143 soldier, 93, 113, 118 strategos, 94 n.1, 98 vagabond, 81, 88 wealthy, 80, 85, 88, 93, 97, 99, 103, 107, 130 Ophiuchus, 145 n.27, 153, 171 opposition, 10, 171 oracle, 115 ostraca, 52 ostrich feathers, as cargo, 145 . Anastasi 1073, 38 n. 17 . Lund inv. 35a, 24 . Lund iny. 35b, 173 . Mich. 149, 5, 10 n. 27, 43 n. 8 Me Rvls 27, 24 . Tebt. 274, 173 see also the concordance p. 205 Palchus, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 176, 187 n. 61 Palestine, 142 n. la, 159, 182, 187 Pamprepius, 140, 187 Panopolis, 141 n.17, 188 papyrus, as cargo, 145 paradosis, 10 paranatellonta, 43 n. 9, 171 igankerek, A. 6, 29) 32, 36 Parthian war of Avidius Cassius, 120 Paulus Alexandrinus, 2, 9 n. 25, 10, 35 Pedanius Fuscus, 80, 90 n.8, 109 Pergamum, 113 perigee, of Mercury. 26, 171 of sun, 43 period, sidereal, of Saturn, 79 periods, planetary, 10, 101 perpetual tables, 24, 172, 173 n. 82 Persia, 159, 190 phases, 10, 24, 26, 27, 29, 41, 171 Philip, Augustus, 165 Philip, era, 152, 158 n. 1, 166 planetary longitudes, computation of, 2, 105 planetary tables, 173 planets, arrangement, 14, 164 names, 1, 162 Plato, 113 Pleiades, 95 n. 2 Pliny, 185 Plutarch, 54 n.4 Posidonius, 185 n. 22 precede, 11 precession, 153, 172, 180, 187 predictions in horoscopes, 101, 122, 145, 162 errors, 147, 149 pregnancy, 15, 28, 86, 112, 131 prerogative, 68 Probus, 165 Proclus, 135, 176 progression, 132 ac) las}iqeh ine) ae) ‘ae, prosopa, 11, 155 Ptolemaic canon, 24 Ptolemy, 10, 152 Almagest, 4, 9, 12, 24, 27, 46, 153, 167, 170, 172, et passim Tetrabiblos, 12, 138, 139, 155, 188, et passim Puchstein, 14 Qasr el Banat, 48 Quietus, 165 Retrogradation, 171 Rhetorius, 132, 138, 140, 141, 146, 150, 157, 176; 187, 189 right ascension, 11 rising times, 3, 9, 11, 35, 101, 170, 174, et passim Roman calendar, see calendar Rome, 182 Rome, A., 133 n.22, 150 n.2 royal canon, 24, 180 Sachs, A., 161 n.1 Salt collection, 43 Saturn, sidereal period, 79 Scaliger, 6 Schmid, W., 114 Schnabel, 185 n. 19, n. 25 Scythia, 159 seasonal hours, 169 sect, 11 Seleucid era, 166 Septimius Severus, 53, 165 Serapion, 3 Serenus, son of Artemidoros Phanousire, 73, 166 Servianus, 80 Sethe, K., 168 seven climata, 4; see also climata Severus Alexander, 165 sextile, 91 n.2, 113 Sirius, 25, 116, 170 Sika, 10 C, A, AO, Gl ae 2 Smyly, J. G., 168 Smyrna, 113, 144, 187 solar eclipse, 135, 148 n.9 solar gnomon, 136, 140 solid signs, 12 solstices, 4, 24 Spain, 80, 91 n. 19, 136, 170 sphaera barbarica, 27 n. 15 sphaera recta, 2 n. 2, 4,10, 11, 12, et passim starter, 12, 76, 78, 97, 105, 164 stationary points for planets, 28, 41 Stein, J. W., 135 stellar magnitude, 9, 25, 91, 153, 171 step, 12, 152 n.12, 154 Stephanus, 158, 190 stillborn, 100, 141, 146, 185 Stobart, H., 29, 38 Stobart tables, 166 n. 33, 173 stoicheion, 12, 29 Stroobant, 141 sun, symbol, 1, 163 n. 10 243 Swallow-Fish, 23, 25, 26 symbols, 163 for lunar nodes, 1, 159 n.11 for vvé and juépa, 76, 159 n. 4 for planets, 1 for sun, 1, 163 n. 10 zodiacal signs, 1, 76 synanatellonta, 43, 171 synodic periods, 10 Syria, 159, 182 systems A and B, 3, 12, 174, et passim syzygies, 174 Tarsus, 148 terms, 12, 20, 29, 36, 41, 67, 82 Tetrabiblos, see Ptolemy Teucros, 43 Theodorus, augustalian prefect, 148, 171 Theon of Alexandria, 2 Commentary to the Handy Tables, 154 Handy Tables, see Handy Tables Theon of Smyrna, 141 Theophanes, 148 n. 24, 158 n. 1 Theophilus, 185 Thrasyllus, 76 Tiberius, 165 Timocharis, 185 Mhitsse24. 165 Trajan, 90, 166 trepidation, 26 triangles, 12, 29 trias, 79 Turks; 159 Turner, E. G.; 29 turning away, 13 Usener, 159, 190 Valentinian, 136, 166 Valerian, 165 Valerius Eudaemon, 86 n.5 van der Waerden, 173 n. 82 Vat. graec. 208, 154 n. 34a Vat. graec. 1291, 2 n.2, 4 n.5, 27, 154 n. 34a, 34b Verina, 141 n.3 vernal point, 4, 24, 25, 26, 172, 180, 185 Verus, 165 Vettius Valens, 1, 4,5, 5 n.7, 7, 8, 9, 10, L125 13: 28, 66; 895 101, 105). 174, 176, 205, et passim Vogt, H., 10 Washington University, 62 n. 1 water clock, 35, 49, 173 weekdays, 167 Weinstock, S., 143 n.2 Welles, C. B., 54, 55 : Westerman, W. 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