adaaedi. Sedalia aotthens ve peivitet ieesubonnt saeerivbeaee eee ak papeGreatberabe Bane reer a ret wi tonel | DUKE UNIVERSITY DIVINITY SCHOOL LIBRARY ii I | Bs hi EE R 2 ae . SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. . OR Ps 2 A PRACTICAL IMPROVEMENT 2 OF THE PRINCIPAL HISTORIES IN THE OW and New Testament. IN- FIVE VOLUMES. BY THOMAS ROBINSON, M. A. WiCSR: OF ST. MARY’S, LEICESTER; AND LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. A NEW EDITION; WITH A BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE AUTHOR, INCLUDING MR. HALL’S SPLENDID ELEGY ON HIS CHARACTER. VOL. IV. Search the Scriptures. John v. 39. All these things happened unto them for ensamples, and they are written for our admonition. 1 Cor. x. 11, LONDON : PRINTED FOR G. WALKER, J. AKERMAN, E. EDWARDS; T. TEGG: C. AND J. ROBINSON, LIVERPOOL; E- THOMPSON, MANCHESTER; J. NOBLE, HULL; J. WILSON, BERWICK 5 W. WHYTE AND CO, EDINBURGH CO, GLASGOW. > AND R. GRIFFIN AND ta a (| ERs rt f a ~ | Mx "hy it pede Gs Se ty Rit ON TOA AL, SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. VOLUME THE FOURTH. CONTAINING THE HISTORY OF JESUS CHRIST. CONTENTS. , Page Chap. EI. _ Sect. 14. The character of Jesus Christ 3: Sect. 15. 2 - e = o 4 oO Sect. 16. 5 * = P o) oe Sect. 17. . * . ° a aS Sect, 18. ‘ ° ° " 5s, 89 Sect. 19. » « e Sect. 20. oboe te Reece) BG Sect. 21. e . ° - art RO2 SH 22... alo ces a a ‘ Sect. 23. - ~ 3 - » 333 Sect. 24. & A 7 ° «> 160 Sect. 25, e 2 a - - 166 Sect. 26. e é . ~ - 180 Sect. 27. " se im - « 195 Seotae | “ain AEP Snr eee re Sect. 29. - = : 4 « 225 Sect. 30. Z . “ : - 241 Sect. 33. ° Beas © ° Pe Sect. 32. 4 . ° ° - 269 Sect. 33. oy BSR AG ES Seas Sect. 34. : 4 = ‘ - 298 Sect. 35. ogo TY Sa eee Sect. 36. ° 2 é ° - 336 Sect. 37. ° . H ° . 359 Sect. 38. : . 3 - - 353 Sect. 39. M - 5 - Sect. 40. = 2 ° * eee: Sect. 41. : ( 4 Q - 3897 sCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. SECT, 14. Jesus replied to the objections of the Pharisees against his disciples for plucking the ears of corn, and vin- dicated himself for healing the withered hand on the sabbath-day—performed various cures—spent a whole night in prayer—chose twelve apostles—and repeated certain passages of his sermon on the mount. Tur history of Jesus exhibits the highest excel- lence of character, labouring under the most malig- nant. misrepresentations, contempt, and . opposition. His life was one continued series of actions denoting fervent zeal for God, and pure benevolence to man. We might have thought that such exalted goodness could not meet with enemies, or would soon disarm their malice. But it was otherwise; and the fact in- contestably proves the extreme depravity of human nature. While this depravity remains, a conduct like that of Jesus will always excite disgust. Let it, how- ever, be our only care to tread in the steps of our Lord and Saviour, regardless of all temporal inconve- niences which may follow. A wicked world may hate and defame the truly religious ; but He, whom they serve, will soon plead their cause, and even now “Wisdom is justified of her children *.” Various objections were urged against Jesus; for he was'surrounded by perverse and malevolent per- sons, who watched him with close attention, and * Matt. xi. 19. VOL. Iy. B 2 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. sought occasions to accuse and reproach him. Very frequently, therefore, he had to stand upon the de- fensive, and reply to the petulant cavils of his ad- versaries. A common subject of complaint was, that he did not pay a proper regard to the sabbath ; because he ceased not from acts of kindness and mercy on that day. The proud and superstitious Pharisees, who placed all their religion in external observances, endeavoured to represent him as a pro- fane despiser of divine institutions ; yet the case was, that he neglected no ordinance of God, but did not conform to their fanciful and traditional explanations of the law. His disciples accompanied him on his return from Jerusalem, soon after the passover, and, as they walked through the fields, finding the calls of hun- " ger, they began to pluck the ears of the corn, which - grew about their path*. The dictates of necessity, however, were no apology to the insidious attention and watchful malice of their-enemies. It happened to be the sabbath; and immediately the objection was ready, “ Behold, they do that which is not law- ful to do upon the sabbath-day.” The thing itself was expressly allowed +t; but the particular time, and perhaps some concomitant circumstances of the action, gave the offence. It might be that the very rubbing of the ears of corn was represented as a kind of labour unsuitable to that sacred season. Our Lord, who will maintain the cause of his peo- ple against their accusers, replied to the charge, and vindicated the conduct of his disciples by the ex- ample of David. That holy man, in a case of press- ing necessity, took the show-bread out of the house of God on the sabbath, for the support of himself and his attendants; an action, which in any other situation would have been highly sinful. To save “# Matt. xii, 18.” Mark ii, 2328. Luke vi. 1-5. + Deut. xxiii. 25. JESUS CHRIST. : 3 life is more pleasing to God than the observance of any merely positive institutions ; for, as Jesus argued, our gracicus God has declared that “ he will have mercy and not sacrifice*;” that is, when they in- terfere with each other, the former must have the preference, and the latter be dispensed with. From this part of the defence we are led to remark and admire the faithful and zealous attachment of his followers, who cheerfully exposed themselves to hunger, that they might wait upon him, and enjoy the benefit of his divine instructions. We are not aware how many and extreme difficulties they en- dured; and, probably, we should not have known their distress on this occasion, had it not been re- quisite to offer an excuse for them, But where do we now perceive such a regard to Jesus as disposes men to suffer in his service? In general, many withmgy draw upon the first appearance of hardships, and “‘ walk no more with him.” Like birds of passage,. they abide not the winter, but depart when storms approach. Our Lord alleged, likewise, that, as the priests were allowed to perform certain laborious offices on the sabbath, in their attendance upon God, so his disciples might be permitted to do that which was ne- cessary to enable them to wait upon Him. To make this reason good, he asserted his own sovereign au- thority, declaring that “ the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath-day.” The important truth de- mands our serious consideration. The appointment itself, of one day in seven to be dedicated to holy purposes, is derived from the Lord Christ. He insti- tuted it at the creation, when he rested from all his works ; He renewed it at the delivery of the law from Mount Sinai; and He, who ordained, has a right to ~ suspend, to modify, or alter it, as he pleases. It was, “ Hos. vie 6. t SCRIPTURE CHARAOTERS. therefore, a sufficient vindication of his followers, in the circumstances now mentioned, that they acted in his service, and by his permission. . It becomes us, also, to regard “ the Son of man” as “the Lord of the sabbath.” In this view, we should observe that sacred season out of obedience to his command, and seek the enjoyment of his pre- sence and favour, as its grand object. We believe it to have been agreeable to his will, if not by his ex~ press directions, that a change should be introduced, and that the first, instead of the last, day of the week should be kept holy to Him. This is now distinguished by a new and more honourable name, “the Lord’s day:” He claims it as his own, in a peculiar manner, and has laid us under fresh and greater obligations to sanctify it, by rising from the dead, and blessing his church with the miraculous effusions of his Spirit, on that very day. In this al- .teration it is not implied that the sabbath itself is abrogated, or that any thing is taken away essential to the original institution, which prescribes such a portion of our time to be set apart for God. But rather, according to this representation, if Jesus be “ the Lord of the sabbath,” the appointment is con< firmed, and its continuance among Christians ordained by him. Soon after the incident last mentioned, we find him combating the same or similar objections. “ On another sabbath,” probably in some city of Galilee, he attended the public worship of God at the syna~ gogue, as his custom was; and there also he took the opportunity of teaching the people*. Here again we are instructed to be thankful that we have a house of prayer, to which we can resort, and that divine ordinances are administered among ourselves, much more valuable than those which Jesus fre- * Matt. xi 9—21. Markiii, 1—12. Luke vi. 6—11. JESUS CHRIST. 5 guented. But how are we followers of Him, if our place be generally vacant, if by our absence we show that we care not-for the sacred service ? In the midst of the congregation sat a poor man, whose right hand was withered, and, therefore, ut- terly disabled for labour. From the known benevo- lence of Jesus, and his former miraculous cures, the Pharisees expected that he would heai the cripple, and narrowly observed him for that very purpose, that they might charge him with a direct profanation of the sabbath. He was aware of the perverse rea- sonings and malicious intentions of their hearts, which they had not expressed ; yet he was not dis- couraged. He therefore called forth the man, whom he had beheld with compassionate regard ; and then they asked with some subilety, that they might in- snare him by the question, whether it would not be a violation of the holy rest to perform any cures on that day. He replied, however, that all exertions of real mercy were perfectly allowable, and that they must be strangely inconsistent to extend relief, as they commonly did on their sabbaths, even to their sheep in danger or distress, and yet obstinately re- fuse it to one of their own species. This was not all; He knew that they entertained a secret design of murdering him, while they objected to his works of kindness. Accordingly, by a solemn appeal to their consciences, he detected their hypocrisy, and confounded their malevolent purposes. He called upon them to say, whether it was more suitable to the object of that sacred season “to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy it:” and instantly they were convicted and silenced. He felt a holy indignation and grief, on account of the obduracy of their hearts: and, looking round about upon them all, that he might command their attention, he spake the word with an inexpressible majesty, and the cure was performed. BS 6 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. - Did they not, then, relinquish their opposition to him, when they saw such an incontestable proof of his divine power? Did they not all acknowledge, « Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God ?” Ah! the desperate wickedness of man! We can scarcely conceive greater depravity than that which is here exhibited: they departed in a rage, and im- mediately consulted together how they might de- stroy him. Being apprized of his danger, he retired. to the sea of Galilee: and there, not discouraged by the designs of his enemies, he continued to prosecute kis important work. Immense multitudes from va- rious' and distant: parts of Judea followed him ; and many amongst them, oppressed with divers diseases, experienced the virtue of his healing hand. But, to avoid all appearance of ostentation, and that he might not still further incense his opposers, he took particular pains to prevent the accounts from being dispersed abroad. Thus, by his kind attention to the weak and distressed, and his gentle unassuming deportment, he fulfilled the prophetical description of his character given by Isaiah*, and proved him- self to be the very Saviour that should come. We may learn prudence and modesty from our great Exemplar; and he will instruct us, also, to persevere in well-doing, whoever may set themseives to resist, or form malevolent intentions against us. But let us fear the awful state and condemnation of his adversaries. How vain and detestable are their schemes! Their best-concerted plans will be bafiled, and themselves covered with their own confusion. Yet, we apprehend, disaffection to Christ prevails among ourselves, as certainly as it did with the Pha- risees of old: and it is requisite for us all to imquire, if we are not, in one respect or another, actuated by a similar spirit. What, then, will the issue be? What can you expect in prosecuting a contest against * Isa, xii. 1—4. JESUS CHRIST. 7 Him, who has all power in his hands? O “kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little *!” It should seem, that, even in our own times, some unfair and mischievous conclusions have been drawn from our Lord’s conduct upon the sabbath, and his vindication of himself. Many think themselves au- thorized to pursue their worldly projects of busi- ness and pleasure. But is there any thing in what he has said or done to countenance such a practice? Do we perceive in him any contempt of the sacred day? - Or can we infer more from his example than this, that works of piety, charity, and necessity, may be attended to? We ask, then, Are these the only calls which you regard on the season set apart for holy rest? Have you not taken pains to explain away all obligations toa strict and serious observance of the sabbath ; as if, at least, the Gospel had so far released you from them, that every man is now at diberty to prosecute his own plans, as he is led by in- terest or convenience, by fashion or inclination? You may inveigh against superstition ; but are you not, in this way, pleading for profaneness? We are aware that infidels are desirous to throw down that strong barrier of religion, the sanctification of every seventh day; this being effected, there is nothing to prevent the floods of impiety and wicked- ness from overflowing and desolating the world. Should we not, then, on our part, make a bold stand against every such attack, and maintain the im- portant duty of devoting to the Lord, without abate- ment, that portion of our time which he requires? And can we help lamenting that so many, who pro- fess to be followers of Jesus, habitually neglect and shamefully violate the duty? We see them desert- ing the house and ministry of God, ready to join in every scheme of idleness, vanity, and dissipation, or ®* Psal. ii. 12. 8 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. else so engrossed with secular cares, that their thoughts and affections cannot be raised to any higher objects ; and yet they wish to be complimented as good Christians. How.strange and grievous an in- consistency is this! , The same ardent zeal for the glory of God and the salvation of men continued to actuate the Saviour through each part of his life. Intending to appoint certain persons, out of his constant attendants, to the Apostleship, he previously retired for secret prayer to a mountain, where probably an oratory was erected *, that he might engage the divine bless- ing upon the institution ; and so fervent was his de- votion, that he remained all night in the same spi- ritual exercise f. A whole night spent in impor tunate supplications to God! Ah! at. how great a distance do we stand from this eminent example! Would not a single hour, so employed, seem a weariness to us? Yet surely we must allow the propriety and necessity of consecrating some portions of our time tu the same pious purpose. Especially, when our minds are fixed upon any important scheme or undertaking, a more than common length of -holy retirement, and an unusual earnestness in prayer, will be requisite, that we may proceed with right principles, and prevail with our God to assist and prosper us. And can there be a business of greater moment than the ordination of persons for the sacred ministry ? After such a preparation, very early in the morn- ing Jesus called together his disciples, or stated fol-* lowers, who by their previous acquaintance with him had been in some measure trained up for the service ; and out of them he chose “ whom he would :” as Lord of his own kingdom, he appointed twelve, who were to act like chief officers, or principal mi- * Prid. Connect. vol. iv. p. 557. + Mark iii, 13—19. . Luke vi. 12—49 JESUS CHRIST. 9 nisters, under him. These he named AposT.LEs, that is, messengers, intending, after further instruc- tions; to send them forth with full powers and cre- dentials to declare his will and publish his Gospel throughout the world. He might, probably, fix upon this exact number, from its answering to the number of the tribes of Israel, that, as the Jewish church was derived from the twelve sons of Jacob, so the Christian might be founded and established by means of twelve persons, as the heads and fathers of it. We rejoice and give thanks for the benefit of their labours, which extends even to us ; for through them the salvation of God has been made known to distant lands and -successive generations; and the truth of their doctrine is confirmed with a strength of evidence, which no assaults of our adversaries can shake. The office of the Apostleship was extraordinary, and therefore not designed to be perpetual; but there is a general and constant necessity for the com- mon functions of the ministry, which, accordingly, will be continued to the end of time. Let prayer be made without ceasing unto Christ, who himself directs all the affairs of his spiritual government, that he would raise up and ordain faithful pastors and teachers, and support and prosper them for the conversion of sinners, and the edifying of his saints. If He give the word, great will be the company of preachers ; and those who go forth at his call, and by his appointment, may be expected to labour to good effect. It seems especially requisite for them. to be previously acquainted with Jesus, and furnished with their instructions from him, that they may be able to say, as he did, “‘ We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen.” Yet even such per- sons, who are properly invested with the sacred character, stand in need of the constant intercessions of the church, that, by the divine blessing, they 10 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, mt * both save themselves, and those that hear them.” When the Apostles had received their commission, Jssus came down with them into the plain; and he was immediately surrounded, as usual, with vast multitudes imploring relief. At his command their various diseases were expelled, and- the causes of their distress-removed. So freely and extensively did he manifest his power and compassion, that none solicited his help in vain; “ for there went virtue out of him, and healed them all”? We wonder not that those who are oppressed with affliction, sup- plicate deliverance. In general, men feel an acute sense of their bodily wants, and importunately be- seech others to assist them. But sin hath induceda - dreadful stupor upon our souls; in consequence of which few perceive or lament their spiritual neces- sities, or consent to apply for that remedy, which Jesus alone can bestow. O, flock around him, you who are bowed down with a conviction of your guilt and depravity, and who know from your own pain- ful experience that you “ are wretched, and misera- ble, and poor, and blind, and naked!” Come, and he will supply all your need. Let your faith bring you to him; and the influence of his grace shall work effectually in you, to cure your spiritual maladies, (for virtue still goes out of him), and you shall be able to bear witness of his mighty energy, even as the multitudes who were now around him. Nor were the doctrines of Jesus less salutary than nis miracles. When he descended from the moun- tain with the Apostles whom he had lately chosen, and a numerous assembly of other persons resorted to him, he took the opportunity of delivering the most important instructions and exhortations both to his particular attendants and to the people at large. His address upon this occasion contains a repetition of certain remarkable passages of the sermon which JESUS CHRIST. 11 he had preached some months before, probably ina _ distant place, and to a different audience. As that sermon has been already considered, it may be suf- ficient briefly to suggest the principal topics on which our Lord insisted at this time; not as if they were of small moment, but because they have so lately en- gaged our serious meditation. With a view to encourage his true disciples, ard perhaps those more especially. whom he had just ap- pointed to the sacred function, “he lifted up his eyes on them,” as if rejoicing over them, and ex- pressing for them his peculiar affection. He then described their character, their exalted privileges and happiness, notwithstanding all they might suffer, and, with the language of authority as well as love, pronounced them blessed. This is perfectly appli- cable to his sincere followers in every age. They are “poor,” it may be, in worldly things, as they cer- tainly are “in spirit;” but they are the favoured subjects of Christ's kingdom; and heaven, with all -1t8 bliss and glory, shall be their inheritance. They may suffer the extremity of want, so as to be desti- tute of food, for the sake of the Gospel, after the blessings of which they “ hunger,” more than for their necessary support ; but they shall be supplied with every thing truly good, and satisfied with all spiritual enjoyments. They may endure much dis- tress upon earth, oppressed with penitential sorrow, no less than with the calamities of life; but the time of their deliverance and exultation is at hand. They may be treated with hatred and contempt, and sepa- rated from the society of their nearest friends; but on this very account they ought to rejoice and triumph, because the Lord God hath conferred an honour upon them, and will distinguish them with marks of peculiar regard, at the resurrection of the just. - But, turning to others of an opposite character, he 12 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. described their awful case, and denounced the most tremendous woes against them. Let those in the present day, who are destitute of true religion, hear their doom declared, and fear for themselves. They, perceive not their need of any spiritual blessings, nor feel any ardent desires to obtain the grace revealed] in the Gospel. Whatever temporal advantages, therefore, or sensual pleasures, they may now enjoy, they are wretched, since they “ have neither part nor lot in this matter.” Possibly they may abound in wealth, and be able to command every gratifi- cation which a carnal heart may covet; they may live in splendour, gaiety, and dissipation; they may be admired and applauded amongst men: but the day of their calamity is coming; for their expiring breath will conclude all their comfort and their glory ; nor can any thing await them beyond the grave, ex- cept tribulation and anguish, shame, and everlasting contempt. After such alarming declarations, Jesus proceeded to deliver various precepts, which prove the peculiar holiness of his religion, and are of general use to all his professed disciples, for the regulation of their tem- pers and conduct. He enjoined the exercise of forgiveness and love towards the most violent and malignant persecutors ; together with the practice of universal and disin- terested benevolence. But to return kindness for in- juries, blessings for curses, how opposite is it to the pride, envy, anger, and resentment, of our fallen na- ture! To do good, without the prospect of present recompense or advantage, and without exception of persons, how contrary to the selfish contracted notions of men! Yet only by such enlarged beneficence can we prove ourselves to be partakers of the grace of Christ, and the children of the Highest, who extends his benefits to all. He gave cautions about judging and reproving JESUS CHRIST. 13 others. There are cases, in which it may be proper and necessary to undertake that unpleasant office: but we should be sure that the occasion demands it, and that we do it not rashly or severely, or from an arrogant, censorious, or malicious disposition. Upon this head our Lord intimated the danger of following « blind guides ;” and, as we are generally much in- fluenced by our teachers, we should beware lest we attach ourselves to those who do not feel or under- stand the mild and liberal spirit of Christianity. Yet, while we look to others, we should not forget our-_ selves, but rather begin the work of reformation there ; for, except we perceive, condemn, and.correct our own faults, we are incompetent to decide upon the characters and conduct of others. He enforced the necessity of proving a professed regard to him by a holy life. As the fruit de- termines the nature of a tree, so the habitual tend- / ency of our actions, words, and tempers, will best ’ discover the state of our hearts towards him. By such marks, then, we must examine whether we are. truly united to Christ, and renewed by his grace. To_ what purpose shall.we make a show of high respect for him, while we live in an uniform course of dis- obedience? How striking his reproof, “ Why call ye me Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say ?” Such compliments he considers as the grossest . insult ; yet how generally has that insult been put upon him! Not a few in every age have pretended the most ardent affection, and have been forward to give him every proper title expressive of honour, who | have not submitted to his authority. Let us beware | of this fatal delusion. He represented the difference between the sincere believer and the unsound professor of the Gospel. They differ most widely from each other, both in their present practice, and in their final condition. The sincere believer comes to Christ, receives with VOL. IV. c 14 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. an humble mind the doctrines of grace, and, by ar exemplary life, proves that the word which he has heard has produced its right influence upon him. His trust is built on an immoveable basis: “ the Rock of ages” is the sure foundation on which he rests. . Trials and temptations, like heavy storms, may beat upon him; but nothing shall be able to overthrow his hope, or disappoint his expectation. The hypo- crite may listen to, and perhaps zealously contend, for, the pure system of the Gospel ; but he advances no further. He depends on his accurate notions and distinctions, or his compliance with the forms and ceremonies of religion, while he feels not its inward energy. He will, therefore, be left defenceless and unsupported in the day of his calamity: “ the over- flowing shower” of divine indignation shall suddenly cast him down, and sweep him away into everlasting destruction. Such were the solemn admonitions of the Saviour. They have been offered to our notice before; but surely we may bear the repetition of them again and again. They are at all times interesting, seasonable, and necessary. May they lead usto a strict and im- partial examination of our own hearts! What, then, is cur character? what our expectation beyond the grave? If we call ourselves the disciples of Jesus, what is the regard we pay him? Do we give him any thing more than a bare compliment? Or are our affections and general habits regulated by an un- feigned obedience to his will? What benefit do we derive from hearing the Gospel? Or what fruits of righteousness do we produce? These important in- quiries naturally arise from the subject before us; and they claim our most serious consideration. _ Let us examine the foundation on which our edifice rests, -since we are building for eternity. How terrible will be the confusion of the ungodly, when “ the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters: JESUS CHRIST. 15 shall overflow their hiding-place*!” But may we, “being rooted and grounded in the love of Christ,” stand fast in the faith against every assault on earth, and then appear at the last awful day with confidence and exceeding joy, through the merits and mediation of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ! Amen. * Tsa. xxviii 17. 16 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. sEcT. 15. Jesus healed a centurion’s servant—raised a widow's son to life—testified of John the Baptist—lamented over the impenitent—encouraged the contrite— dined with a Pharisee, and vindicated the woman, who stood as a mourning penitent at his feet. Amonest the various incidents which meet us in the life of Jesus, none will be found of a trifling or uninteresting nature. Every thing in this history is extraordinary, and replete with instruction. Each step that we advance will furnish us with fresh proofs of his divine character and mission, and at the same time with renewed instances of his condescending and compassionate regard to our miserable and guilty race. May every view of him constrain us to out with admiration and gratitude, “Blessed be : Lord God of Israel, for he hath visited and redloguped his people, and hath raised up an horn of salvation for us *!” After the solemn address which Jesus delivered to his disciples i in the audience of the people, he retired to Capernaum, his most usual residencet. Whereyer he went, opportunities of exerting his benevolence were offered, and these he readily embraced. In this city, a man of good reputation, who, it should seem, attended the worship of the true God, a cen- ‘ turion, or a captain in the Roman army, having heard of Jesus, of his character, and the miracles he _ had wrought, applied to him to come and heal a fa- vourite servant at the point of death. The Gentile * Luke i. 68, 69. + Matt. viii. 5—15. Luke vii. 1—10. JESUS CHRIST. 17 soldier discovered a remarkable degree of humility and faith. Thinking himself unworthy to solicit the kind notice of so exalted a Personage, he pre- vailed on some of the principal Jews in the place to present and second his petition. Jesus, who was ever inclined to succour the afflicted, immediately consented to comply with their request. But the centurion, ashamed to give him the trouble, and conceiving it to be an unsuitable thing that he, a sinner and a Gentile, should receive such a Visitant in his house, believing also that Jesus was able to perform the cure at a distance, sent another deputa-~ tion of his friends, and then at last went forth him- self to meet him, entreating him to proceed no fur- ther, but only by his powerful word to command the health of the servant to be restored. ‘ Even I,” said he, “‘ who am subject to the authority of another, et, as I have soldiers under my control, no sooner issue 6ut my orders than they are executed.” More was implied than expressed ; and the inference in- tended could be no other than this, “How much rather will every injunction of thine be instantly obeyed, since all creatures are subservient to thy will! No remoteness of place can be any obstacle to prevent the desired cure, if Thou shalt so ordain.” This was a signal instance of faith, in a stranger to the commonwealth of Israel. It was such, that our Lord declared his admiration, being’ superior to what he had yet found among the Jews themselves. And hence he took occasion to warn them, who boasted of their descent from Abraham, that many from the most distant parts of the earth, even of Gentile extraction, should obtain a distinguished rank in the kingdom of glory, whilst those, who presumed upon their exclusive right to it, should be condemned to a state of everlasting torment and despair. This conveys a suitable admonition to us. We observe that there is no situation or condition of / ’ : ¢ 3 18 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. life, however unfavourable,.in which the grace of God may not produce eminent instances of real reli- gion. And it should excite our thankfulness to meet with any one, under great disadvantages of education and in the midst of many snares, like this officer in the Roman army, humbled with a deep conviction of extreme unworthiness, and entertaining high and honourable thoughts of Jesus. He did not steop too low when he said, “ Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldest come under my roof ;” for the most exalted monarch in the world might properly’ adopt the same confession. And shall we not remember and acknowledge that we deserve no tokens of the Sa- viour’s kind regard, and that, if he deign to visit us, it must be ascribed to his own wonderful condescension and mercy? But do we possess the faith of the cen- turion? Or, do we not, rather, discrust the power of Christ? We are favoured, not above the Gentiles only, but even more than the ancient Jews; so that we may be called “the children of the kingdom.” Yet have we not occasion to fear that many, who are destitute of our privileges, may rise up in judg- ment tocondemn us? And would it not aggravate our misery to see them admitted into heaven, whilst we ourselves are excluded for ever?) * The request of the centurion was granted, and his’ confidence in Jesus proved to be well founded. He was dismissed in peace, and his servant instantly restored to the full vigour of health, merely by the efficacious word of the great Physician. Nor will any be finally disappointed of their hope in Him. We should entertain large expectations, from a per- suasion of his ability to save ; and, by a strong un- shaken faith in him, we shall infallibly secure his blessing to our souls. After this miracle, it is probable that the fame of Jesus was celebrated still further, and that,.in-con- sequence, the number of his followers increased. The JESUS CHRIST. 19 multitude, indeed, so pressed upon him, that he had no leisure to take proper refreshment: and so inces- sant was his attention to them, that his friends in- terfered, blaming him for an excess of zeal, and with much vehemence importuning him to desist from his labours, as injurious to himself, and even denoting a degree of insanity*. Peculiar occasions may justify and demand such ardent exertions as to some may appear needless and extravagant. Nay, the very fer- vency, which at all times becomes the servant of Christ, will be accounted by the world a sure mark of weakness or derangement of the faculties. But, com- pared with the vigorous efforts of the Saviour, the most eager and strenuous endeavours of his people will seem to savour of lukewarmness and sloth. In- deed, we are not capable of activity like His. He might so far yield to the solicitations of his friends, as to receive some nourishment, and then retire for the night ; but the next day he returned to ‘his work againt. He took ajourney of several miles, to the city Nain, accompanied by many attendants ; and there a fresh opportunity offered for the display of his high character. As he approached the place, a most affecting spectacle was presented. He met the solemn procession of a funeral: a distressed mother, who had been before bereaved of her husband, was now following her only son, her chief support and comfort, to the grave. ‘Asa man, our Lord felt the tenderest compassion for the afilicted widow, and, without any request from her or from others, inter- posed, on the mournful occasion, to wipe away her tears. But what consolation could he administer to © one who seemed to have lost her all? “Is any thing too hard for the Lord?” He showed himself stronger than death; for instantly, with divine majesty and authority as the Almighty Lord, “who. quickeneth whom he will,” he spake the word, and the dead * Mark iii. 20, 21. + Luke vii. 11—17. 7 20 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. revived. He restored to the disconsolate woman her beloved child, in all the vigour of life ; and thus “ gave unto her, beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness.” What an astonishing exhibition both of mercy and of might! We are at a loss to know which of them we should most admire. No wonder that an event so uncommon, and incontestably miraculous, im- pressed the minds of all the spectators with a serious awe, and constrained them to acknowledge that an illustrious Prophet had risen up among them, and that God had again visited his people. And shall not we, also, be struck with holy fear and reverence of the Saviour, while we contemplate his actions? Does not the occurrence before us clearly prove his divine mission? Why, then, do not all receive him, as .coming from heaven to instruct and redeem his church? Alas! but few are convinced; or general convictions are very superficial. Many will not ex- amine the evidence with serious attention, but, in proud or careless contempt, turn away both théir eyes and their ears from the truth. Others, we observe with grief, though obliged by the strength of argu- ment to assent to the Gospel, yet fail of that un- feigned and supreme regard which is due to Jesus. They may feel an impression of terror upon their minds, like the inhabitants of Nain, and confess that “a great Prophet has risen up,” while they refuse to submit or listen to the doctrines which he delivers. How strange and fatal an inconsistency is this! We have seen the tenderness of Jesus towards the poor widow : surely we shall learn, from the example, to look upon the afflicted with kindness and compas- sien, and stretch out our hands for their relief. But feeble, in comparison, is our pity; for, im many cases, our endeavours to remove or mitigate distress are ineffectual. Jesus alone can administer suitable and adequate assistance. , fix your attention fon Him, JESUS CHRIST. 21 you that are overwhelmed with trouble, whose “ tears have been your meat day and night!” He can in- stantly turn your weeping into joy, and your com- plaints into loud thanksgivings, by accomplishing deliverance in a way which to you may seem im- possible. For what cannot his power eifect? Or, what will not his love be disposed to grant, if really expedient for you? Death, indeed, may rob you of those who were the delight of your eyes and the desire of your hearts, and the grave may detain them ; yet, under the pressure of this calamity, you are taught to rejoice in Jesus, as “ the Resurrection and the Life,” who will shortly break up the mansions of the dead, and restore to you every dear friend, who has departed in the faith, clothed with glory and immortality, to rejoice with you in his blissful pre- sence for ever. The report of our Lord’s miracles, which was disseminated far and wide, was carried by the dis- ciples of John to their honoured master, then in prison*. For their conviction, we suppose, rather than his own, the Baptist took that opportunity of sending them with an express message to Jesus, in- quiring whether he were the very Messiah or not, In reply to their question, He condescended to give them the most satisfactory evidence, which might disperse every doubt, and probably induce them to attach themselves to Him, after John’s decease. - They beheld the wonderful exertions of his power and mercy; for in their presence, while they stood before him, he healed all manner of infirmities, cast out devils, and restored sight to the blind. He re- ferred them, therefore, to his works, for a decisive roof of his character, and directed them to carry a faithful relation to John of what they had seen and heard, that they might all perceive the ancient pro- phecies, concerning the Saviour of the world, to be oO * Matt. xi. 2, &c. Luke vii. 18—35. 22 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. r fulfilled in him. At the same time he added, that it would be happy for them if they should not be staggered in their minds, or influenced by the pre- vailing prejudices and objections against him. It is of importance to ourselves, also, to be assured that Jesus is no deceiver, that he exhibited the strongest testimonies of his divine mission, and, therefore, that our faith rests on a sure foundation. Yet man reject him: and it is allowed that there are such things relating to him, his doctrines, and adherents, as may give offence to superficial and captious ob- servers, and such as proud and sensual minds can never relish. In this view, blessed indeed are they who have themselves escaped or surmounted these difficulties, and who are not led away by the excep- tions of others. Our Lord took occasion, from the visit of John’s. disciples, to address the multitude concerning the Baptist, who had once been extremely popular among them. He spake of him in the most honourable terms, as being steadfast both in his preaching and practice, not easily shaken like a reed with the wind, not seeking the pomps of the world or sensual gra= tifications, but as a man of singular austerity and self-denial. He declared him to be superior, in. some respects, to all the ancient prophets, especially as being the harbinger of Messiah, and preparing the way for his reception. He remarked the peculiar ardour to which some had been excited by his mi- nistry, who seemed as if they would gain an admis- sion into the heavenly kingdom by a holy violence; and yet he lamented the awful condition of those who rejected both the Baptist, and the Saviour whom he came to introduce. He was led, therefore, to complain of the perverseness of that generation, who had discovered the most absurd prejudices against them, and who condemned the one and the other, though for different and opposite reasons ; so JESUS CHRISF. 23 that there appeared no prospect of obtaining any ] with them. They had refused their at- tention to John, on account of his austerities, as if he were a melancholy distracted man, under the ion of an evil spirit: and now they calumniated Jesus for the freedom of his intercourse with men of all characters, as if he were himself addicted to intemperance, and a patron of the dissolute and abandoned. Yet the Saviour rejoiced, that, amidst these various misrepresentations, there were those who perceived and approved the wisdom of their conduct. 4 : The application to ourselves is obvious. Many, in our own day, betray a frowardness and malignity of temper similar to that of-the ancient Pharisees. They are ever ready to take exceptions to the peo- ple and the ways of God, and that too on contrary grounds. The ministers of Christ, endued with different talents and dispositions, address them some- times with one mode of exhortation, and sometimes with another; being solicitous to recommend the Gospel to their favourable regard by every method they can devise. But every method proves equally unsuccessful ; for now they are thought too rigid and morose, and again they are condemned for al- lowing too great a latitude of conduct. It were, therefore, vain for them, with the utmost prudence and circumspection, te expect to gain general esteem, or avoid reproach. Happy they, who are earnestly concerned to save their own souls, and are pressing, with a holy violence, into the kingdom of heaven! They perceive the propriety and necessity of many things in religion, with which others are disgusted ; and, instead of being carried away with the torrent of general prejudice, they determine to adhere to the truth and service of God, however vilified in the most opprobrious terms. - On the occasion just mentioned, Jesus was induced t 24 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. to speak more largely, and with me ot ardour of affection, while he Mane over cities of Galilee, in which he had p most of his mighty works. The meek. and compassionate Saviour denounced one wo upon another against Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, and » pre- dicted the final and aggravated ruin which was coming upon them for their obduracy and contempt of the Gospel. Many, it should seem, of character and abilities, remained in This very circumstance has been thought an objection to the Christian faith. But surely, im this view, ea appears that it was not a mere human indebted to worldly policy for its support. The ways of God are in the deep: but we Se pny be His purpose to abase the pride and stain the ; of man ; and when we observe that his salvation is it is revealed to some of inferior parts and mean rank in life, we are constrained to be silent in the dust, or rather, with the Saviour, to adore the sovereignty of the awful dispensation. At the same time, however, to encourage those humble penitents, who, under a conviction of their guilt, might be ready to fear that the condemmation ~ he had denounced would fall upon them, he repre- sented his own supreme anthority, and divine ae tions, commensurate to these of the Father, and then declared his peculiar tenderness and grace to such as might be bowed down with a sense of their absolute assurances of pardon, peace, and salvation, : on their unfeigned application and cordial om to them. - We ask, then, What conceptions do you tien of Jesus? what regard do you show him? Do abjec- =" JESUS CHRIST, * 25 tions arise in your minds, and prevent your cordial belief of the Gospel? But, after such proofs as have been adduced, who shall complain of the want of evidence? Have you no apprehensions of the tre- mendous consequences of rejecting him? Shall Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum, be condemned with accumulated woes for their ne and you " escape u ished? Or, do you consi ourselves as aeieencinded from hie, notice, and keine of receiving mercy, on account of your extreme depravity and long continuance in sin? He speaks expressly to your case, and gives you direction and ent suited to your distress. O, keep not at a distance from Him, while he says, “Come unto me!” He will not disdain you, nor withhold his blessings from you. “He is meek, and lowly in heart,” and therefore will condescend to your request, mean and worthless as you are. Only be willing, as teachable scholars, to take your instructions from him, end, as obedient servants, to fulfil his injunctions: you will not complain of the rigour of his demands, but experience them to be easy and delightful, and “find rest unto your souls.” Is it inquired, What was the consequence of our Lord’s solemn addresses? Some might be deeply and properly affected, and others so much impressed -as to be induced to show him an outward respect, without any cordial attachment. Oue person of this latter description, whose name was Simon, a Pha- risee, invited him to dine at his house; and Jesus, who was an example of civility and kindness, and who sought unities of doing good in all places and among all characters, readily complied *. During his visit there, a singular circumstance occurred, . which showed the ignorance and pride of the Pha- risee, and the amazing grace and compassion of the jour. A woman in the town, who had been a * Luke vii. 36—50. VOL. Iv. D 26 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, notorious sinner, and, as it is supposed, infamous for her lewdness, heard where he was; and, pro- bably emboldened by his assurances of mercy and peace to the mourning penitent, desired to give some testimony of her strong regard for him, and for that purpose prepared certain costly perfumes, with which she might anoint him. She was admitted into his presence, while he was-at dinner ; and stand- ing behind him, as he lay reclined upon the couch, she betrayed marks of extreme distress. The cause of it, evidently, was unfeigned contrition for her sins. She wept ; and her tears were so abundant, that the drops flowed down upon and bedewed the Saviour’s feet. Perceiving where they fell, she stooped, and wiped them off with her dishevelled hair. Nor was this all: she could not refrain, even before the com- pany, from expressions of ardent gratitude and love: she kissed his feet, and poured her rich ointment upon them, unmindful of its proper use, or not pre- suming to apply it to his head. These signs of her fervent affection our Lord did not disdain, but received them favourably. The Pharisee, however, who looked on her with con- tempt, took offence. Lifted up with a proud coneeit of his own goodness, he considered the very touch of the woman as carrying defilement, and concluded that a Prophet of God must not only know the base- ness of her character, but instantly turn away from her with disgust. This disposition is not uncommon. Those, who have high thoughts of themselves, set up a kind of claim to the Divine regard, and cannot bear that such as have been notorious offenders should be admitted to a share in that regard, or that any en- couragement should be given to them, even when transformed and established “in newness of life.” But how large is the grace, how great the condescen- sion, of Jesus! He did not scorn the poor weeping penitent, though she had been most abandoned, and long enslaved in the service of Satan ; but he received, JESUS CHRIST. Q7 he comforted, he defended her, at the hazard of his own reputation. He replied, in a very apposite parable, to the secret’ objections of the Pharisees (for they had not been openly avowed), showing, that of two debtors, both of whom are insolvent, and both freely released from their obligations by their generous creditor, he to whom the Jargest forgiveness is extended will feel the warmest gratitude. He then referred immediately to the case of Simon and the woman, reproving him for the neglect of those tokens of respect which are usually paid to welcome visitants, and commending her for the expressions of her regard, however ex- travagant they might seem. The Pharisee thought his own offences few and trivial, and, therefore, could not entertain any high value for the Saviour ; but she, who was overwhelmed with a deep sense of - her aggravated guilt, and yet cheered with the hope of a full and gratuitous pardon, was solicitous to de- clare, in every way she could, the ardour of her af- fection towards Him, who had obtained the mercy for her. ‘ Wherefore,” said Jesus, “ her sins, which are many, are forgiven; for she loved much.” Her strong attachment to Christ did not procure her re- mission, but, rather, it was its fruit and evidence. It would invert the order of things, and of Ged’s dispensations to his people, to suppose that this at- tachment preceded her acceptance ; but it afforded a striking proof of it, and manifestly arose from a con- viction of her vast obligations. Not, therefore, as if she were then first received to favour, but to esta- blish her the more in thankfulness, hope, and joy, he solemnly pronounced her absolution: “ Thy sins are forgiven.” That very circumstance occasioned fresh offence among those who were present ; for they had no just conceptions of the person and autho- rity of Jesus. But, in order to declare his divine character most peremptorily, and to assert hig high 28 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. prerogative, however they might cavil, he repeated the assurance of her pardon and salvation, through faith in his name, and dismissed her in peace. A serious attention to this little narrative may sug- gest the following inquiries, which’ will furnish an useful improvement of the subject. Are not we debtors to God, according to the de- scription of the parable? Have we not failed of that obedience which He has a right to demand? Is not our debt large, immense beyond calculation? Let us beware of the ignorance and presumption of the Pharisee. Though others may seem to owe far more, will this procure our discharge? Or are there any, among the most atrocious offenders, whom we may disdain? Does it not, rather, become us to confess that our own transgressions are innumerable, and, considering how we have violated the strongest ob- ligations to God, that none can need forgiveness more? Are not we, likewise, insolvent? Or, in what manner shall we contrive to answer all the claims which the Lord God has upon us? What payment can we tender? Is it such as will be sufficient to satisfy his just demands? It is said, poke, “We shall repent, and do better.”’ But shall we ever per- form more than would have been due from us if we had not sinned? And, if we only prevent an increase of the debt in future, can this have any effect in di- minishing what is already contracted, or wipe off any part of the old account against us? What, then, ~ shall we resolve on? Let us not waste the time in' forming vain and fruitless schemes of our own, but — frankly acknowledge our inability, and go with deep- est humiliation to that Jesus, who receiveth sinners.” Let each of us ery to Him, “O Lord, undertake for me:” He will appear as our Surety, and present us with a full and free discharge. If, like this penitent — woman, we mourn and weep at his feet, he will ob- serve our tears, commiserate our distress, and hasten , JESUS CHRIST. 29 tv comfort us with the assurance that “our sins, which are many, are forgiven.” If, then, he pronounce us to be acquitted, what should hinder but that we depart in peace? - This is his own gracious proposal, and ought not to be re- fused. Yet do not many reject the consolation, and indulge an excess of sorrow? Doubtless there is continual cause to abhor ourselves, and lament our folly ; but to grieve as if there were no hope is to despise the mercy provided. Jesus, the compassion- ate Redeemer, stands ready to wipe away our tears, and bids us “ Be of good cheer.” Let us only, with- out reserve, submit to him, and depend upon him ; and then we may “ go on our way rejoicing.” Finally, what affections do we feel towards Jesus ? Surely the warmest expressions of thankfulness and zeal are highly suitable and becoming in those who have obtained such free and extensive forgiveness. Where Jesus is disregarded, we can assign the real cause ; the malignity of sin is not understood, the greatness of the debt incurred is not at all appre- hended, and it is supposed that there is but little, if any, need of remission. Do we, therefore, show any certain signs of sincere and ardent love to our hea- venly Benefactor? Do we seek his presence, and delight to be in the house where Jesus is? Do we mourn before him; and are we willing to be at ex- pense for his sake? We cannot, indeed, make any adequate compensation ; but do not we wish to testify _the sense which we feel of our immense obligations to him ?—“ O Lord, come, and shed abroad thy love in our hearts by the Holy Ghost, that we may hereby be constrained to dedicate ourselves, our souls and bodies, to. be a reasonable, holy, and lively sacrifice unto Thee, who hast loved us, and given thyself for us!” Amen. 50 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. sect. 16. 4 Jesus-took another circuit—healed a demoniac—vin- dicated that miracle against the objections of the Pharisees—admonished and reproved them—and encouraged his faithful adherents. Tue grand Luminary; whichvisited the earth in the person of Jesus Christ, diffused its unequalled splen- dour through a large extent. Happy indeed would have been the men of that generation, if they had been sensible of their inestimable privilege, in having such an Inhabitant, such a Teacher, amongst them. He brought with him “ good tidings of great joy to all people,” and he laboured todisseminate the know- ledge of them far and wide. He took one circuit af- ter another, in the land of Judea, publishing salvation wherever he went, and among all ranks and characters. Not seeking the friendship of the great, or any sensual enjoyments, but ever intent upon his work, he removed from city to city, with considerable pain and fatigue to himself, for the benefit of others, that he might give them an opportunity of being instructed in the Gospel of his grace *. Where are they who copy after this illustrious Pat- tern? Though we are not called to travel in the same manner, we ought to possess the same spirit, and be willing to sacrifice our ease to usefulness. * Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.” So shall “ this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus T.”’ A similar bene- * Luke viii. 1—3. + Phil. i. 4,°5. JESUS CHRIST. 31 volence may be displayed even by persons of moderate abilities and private situations. According to our talents and occasions, we should lay ourselves out for the glory of God and the best interests of our fellow- creatures. Hereby we shall evince our acquaintance and union with him, whose name we bear, while “ we are changed into the same image, from glory to glory, by the spirit of the Lord.” Many, who resorted to him, soon withdrew from his company, having no relish for his conversation. But he had some stated attendants, throughout his various movements, who were almost inseparably at- tached to him. “ The twelve were with him.” These he selected as his chosen witnesses, that they might be instructed in the mysteries of his kingdom, con- firmed in their regard, and fitted for their apostolic function. Certain pious women, also, who had been healed of their infirmities, and converted by his grace, occasionally, at least, waited on him, and “ ministered unto him of their substance.” What condescension, to receive such assistance! He became very poor in- deed. Though “ the earth is his, and the fulness thereof,” so mean and destitute was his condition here, that he subsisted upon the charity of others. Shall we admire their liberality, in contributing to his sup- port? Or rather shall we not envy them the honour of being permitted to do so? < It is more blessed to give than to receive *.” And may not this blessedness be ours? Though we cannot minister unto Jesus, in his person, we may in his representatives, in his dis- tressed members ; for, what is bestowed upon them he will consider as bestowed upon himself. And, if we “ shut up our bowels of compassion from them, how dwelleth the love of God in us +?” Thus attended, then, Jesus took another circuit, in which we shall meet with some remarkable occur- * Acts xx. 35. +1 John iii, 17. 32 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. *s rences. In the course of his progress, a poor un- happy man, under the possession of the devil, so grievously afflicted as to be deprived both of his sight and speech, was brought to him, and obtained im- mediate relief *. According to his custom, he paid a gracious regard to the application, by expelling the evil spirit, and restoring the demoniac to the perfect exercise of his faculties. And what effect did the miracle produce? The common people were struck with astonishment, and ready to draw the conclusion that Jesus must be the promised Messiah. But were not these persons ignorant, and liable to be imposed on? That they were unlettered, it is allowed; yet that circumstance was no disadvantage to them in the present case ; they were as capable of judging of plain facts as the acutest philosophers. The Scribes and Pharisees, conceited of their wisdom, like most pretenders to science, possessed more pride, and therefore more prejudice, than the multitude: and thus, whatever evidence the Saviour exhibited, they constantly urged one objection or another, and would not be convinced. How malignant and im- pious a disposition did they discover in the instance before us! They suspected, if they did not avow their sentiments, that Jesus performed the miracle by the assistance of Satan, and really acted in confederacy with the prince of darkness, to promote his interest in the world., How infamous and absurd the infer- ence! ‘Was there any ground, in his life, his doc- trines, or his works, to accuse him as an agent or accomplice of the devil? No: very far otherwise in- deed. But it is not uncommon for men who hate the Gospel to give a credit and importance to such in- - sinuations against it, as appear, upon the very face of them, ridiculous and false. This circumstance, however, rendered the charac< . * Matt. xii, 22—-S2, Mark iii, 22-30. Luke xi. 14—25. fi JESUS CHRIST. 33 ter of Jesus the more illustrious ; for it produced fresh proofs of his meekness and wisdom. His followers, also, should remember, that, while they preserve a proper temper under malicious calumnies and re- proaches, they afford such an evidence of their sin- cerity, and the excellency of their principles, as must eventually turn to the confusion of their enemies. Our Lord spoke in his own vindication ; but his de- fence went rather to convince, or at least to silence, his adyersaries, than to justify himself. < It is a very small thing, that we should be judged of man’s judg- ment ;” and therefore, if we be ever so much traduced (and it is not possible that we can be more so than the Saviour), let us not be solicitous, on our own ac- count merely, to obviate the charges which envy or malevolence may bring against us. Yet there may be “ reasons which render it expedient to reply. Jesus-showed that he was privy to their thoughts, for he spoke to their secret surmises, while he proved their objections to be most foolish and profane. He argued that Satan would never oppose his own interest; or dispossess himself ; for such a conduct would infal- libly weaken, and even destroy, his kingdom amongst men: and on the same ground we maintain that the Gospel, which contains a system of religion, mani- festly subversive of the devil’s influence in the world, must be from Heaven. He alleged, that as they be- lieved some of their own disciples to cast out demons by the Spirit of God, they ought not to ascribe his miracles to any other cause. On their own prin- ciples he convicted them of the most partial and ua- just judgment, in not allowing those dispossessions, which he had effected, to proceed from the Holy Ghost, as well as those which were accompanied bv the exorcisms of their own adherents. He then con- tended, that, granting a divine agency in what-he had performed, they must alsoadmit, that he was come to set up the kingdom of God among them ; and, % | 34 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. therefore, instead of foolishly and maliciously cavil r ling at him, they ought with profound humility tc solicit a place in that kingdom. The fact was, that Satan, who had long maintained an undisturbed do- minion, was now in various instances deprived of his influence. His authority was so far destroyed ; many of those, whom he had held in cruel bondage, being rescued out of his hands by the superior and irresisti- ble power of Jesus. The inference then was clear and_ decisive, that he, who “ destroyed the works of the devil,” could not be his confederate. 4 Our Lord proceeded to warn them that it was im=_ possible for them to observe a neutrality in the con- test which he had instituted against the prince of darkness, and that all were required to declare them-: selves either on one side or the other. The same war- fare is still carried on, and it holds good to this pre= sent day, “ He that is not with him is against him ;— and he that gathereth notwith him seattereth abroad . He commands us, in the most explicit manner, to” espouse his cause with cordiality, and support it with: vigour. On which side then do we stand? Here are two Leaders, of opposite interests, never to be recon-— ciled: and it is indispensably requisite that every man show himself, decidedly and actively, for the one and against the other. Have we entered into the service of Jesus? Are we “ with him;” Giesionelyy without dissimulation ; uniformly, without wavering ; and universally, mitted reserve? Thishe demands. Yet how many are satisfied, merely because they do net set themselves in an avowed resistance against Christ and his measures! You, who do not oppose the Gospel or its professors, may boast of your can- dour and liberality ; and, as you are not open enemies, may presume upon being accounted his friends. But you are most unhappily deluded. Your indifference about his cause he considers as a marked contempt of him ; and therefore he thanks you not for abstaining JESUS CHRIST. 35 from hostilities ; but, while you refuse to exert your- selves for him, he looks upon you as being in the in- terest of his grand opponent. Jesus, perceiving in these proud and malevolent cavillers a confirmed hatred of him, warned them still further of their danger in daring to ascribe to Satan’s agency what had been effected only by the divine Spirit. He declared, that, while the Gospel offers a full and free forgiveness of “all manner of sin and blasphemy,” one offence is excepted, and that “ the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be for- given unto men.” _ This is a most tremendous assertion indeed! It should excite a holy fear and circumspection in us all. We ought to beware that we do not even approach to the sin; much less should we imitate the profane effrontery of those who deny or ridicule the opera- tions of the Holy Ghost. It is far better to keep ata distance, than to understand exactly its particular nature and precise limits. But it may be proper to inquire of what kind the offence is, of which such awful things are spoken. Many painful apprehen- sions are entertained by persons of a tender conscience, as if they had certainly committed it, and there- fore, by the divine decree, were absolutely and for ver excluded from mercy. But so far, perhaps, we may confidently affirm, that those, who are most op- pressed with the dread, are least in danger of having contracted the enormous guilt. . From a comparison of the different passages in the acred Scriptures, where the sin is mentioned *, it ppears to be an entire rejection of the Gospel. And, ince there is no other remedy for our falien state, ho shall dare to complain, whatever be their punish- ent, after their own deliberate refusal of salvation ? Yet this is not all: it is an avowed and continued pposition to the grace of Christ. The Pharisees, to * Heb. vi. 4—6. x. 26—29. 1 John v. 16. 36 SCRIPTURE @HARAGTERS. whom our Lord spoke, perseeuted and calumniated him, as acting under the direction of Satan. Shall we say, then, that decided enmity against him is, of itself, unpardonable? Many, who have made long and furious resistance to him, have found mercy. St. Paul himself had once been “a blasphemer and a persecutor ;” and it is probable that some, who had “crucified the Lord of glory,” were redeemed to God by the very blood which they shed. But they sinned ignorantly. The offence here specified is com- mitted against strong evidence and conviction of the truth. One miracle upon another had been wrought in the sight of those very people who still persisted in reviling our Lord ; and probably they acted“in re~ pugnance to the full persuasion of their own minds. Yet it is supposed by some that Jesus referred, not: to the case of those presumptuous opposers, but of such as should witness the extraordinary effusion of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles, and should then ascribe his operations to the influence of Satan, re- jecting the Gospel as a base and impious fraud. Cer- ' tain it is that the persons liable to this condemnation are those who have received the clearest information, the most decisive testimony, and deepest impressions of religion upon their hearts ; and yet, in defiance of all, put away from them the salvation of God, with a blasphemous contempt. Such is the description given of the unpardonable apostate. It should still be remarked, that “ backsliding,” though attended with circumstances of peculiar aggravation, may ob- tain forgiveness with God; and that then only we’ may fear it is the black offence to which remission is denied, when it involves in it a malicious and. con- firmed opposition to the truth. For it should care= fully be noted that it is never followed by contrition or godly sorrow, but always accompanied with an un relenting obduracy of mind. The apostate, whose case is desperate, cannot be “ renewed unto repentance.” | t JESUS CHRIST. oT Those, therefore, who feel a tenderness of conscience and a real compunction of heart for the guilt they have contracted, and who seek deliverance by the blood of Jesus, afford the strongest evidence that the sin here spoken of is not chargeable to their account, however they may be oppressed by the painful ap- prehension. After all, any other wilful transgression against God, if persevered in, will be fatal and dam- nable to the soul; and yet, in every instance, for- giveness is in this life promised and granted to the humble and believing penitent. But why, it may be asked, was this severe admo- nition addressed to the Pharisees ? Had they cast off all regard to religion? No: but their professions were hypocritical, as their words and actions clearly proved. Jesus, therefore, exhorted them to a con- sistency of conduct, either in one way or another, by giving up themselves to God sincerely and without reserve, or else by throwing off their pretences to piety, and appearing openly and avowedly wicked, that so the fruit might accord with the nature of the tree*. They had uttered blasphemous expressions, from which he proceeded to convict them of their guiltanddanger. He affirmed that they had spoken agreeably to their inward dispositions, and that the source of all foolish and profane conversation lies in a depraved and unconverted heart. Lest this should be made light of, as if words alone, being no more than a mere breath of air, were of little consequence, he warned them that God would soon call them to : judgment, not only for their daring and impious as- sertions, but for all their vain and idle talk, and that their common discourse would be adduced as an evi- dence cf the state of their minds, either to their ac- quittal or condemnation. And do these things concern none but the ancient Pharisees? Shall not we also be tried for the words * Matt. xii. 33, &c, Markiii. 31, &c, Luke xi. 24—36. VOL. IV. ‘ E 38 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. of our lips, and our eternal doom be assigned aecord- ing to the attestation which they shall deliver? Yet who considers the tendency of his conversation, or endeavours so to order it that he may not be ashamed to “give account thereof in the day of judgment?” If “ out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh,” how shall we stand the test ; or what will our prevailing tempers and gon” appear to have been? Do not the mouths of many among us utter blasphemy ; and others delight in expressions of lewdness, slander, and reviling? Where are those who conform to the apostolic rule? “ Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good, to the use of edifying, that it may minister grace unto the hearers*.” Is the discourse of the most eminent believers as spiritual and heaven- ly as might be expected from their high character? O let us pray, “Set a watch, O Lord, before my mouth ; keep the door of my lips; and let my words be acceptable in thy sight t.” . . Did the solemn warning, then, convince or silence the Pharisees? No: they perceived that he claimed a dignity which they were unwilling to acknowledge ; and therefore they complained of the want of evi- © dence, and demanded some further sign, desiring, perhaps, a visible display of his divine glory, or an — appearance from heaven, which should carry abso- lute demonstration with it. How preposterous was — this! Shall proud and obdurate sinners prescribe to God by what particular kind or degree of testimony he shall confirm his own revelations to them? Jesus, therefore, declared that no other sort of attestation should be granted till his own resurrection, which, — he foretold, would happen on the third day from his — death, agreeably to its typical resemblance in Jonah’s — miraculous deliverance. He reproved them for their obstinate impenitence and unbelief; he threatened * Eph, iv. 29. + Psal. xix, J4. exli. 3, 2 JESUS CHRIST. 39 them with the most aggravated punishment. The Ninevites had repented at the preaching of Jonah, but they had despised a greater Prophet. He re- ferred them, also, to the queen of Sheba, who had travelled from a remote country, with much pains and expense, that she might profit by the wisdom of Solomon, while they had shown the utmost contempt and hatred of him, who was far superior to Solomon ; and he warned them that her example would con- demn their perverseness. Are we satisfied with the proofs brought in favour of the Gospel? Nothing, indeed, but a proud or sen- sual disposition, will lead us to deny their sufli- ciency. Many in our own day, like the unbelievers of old, call for additional and stronger evidence, and presumptuously refuse to examine that which is already proposed to them. But the Lord Ged is not at their command ; nor will he model his dispensa- tions according to their wishes. O beware, lest in _ righteous judgment for your arrogance, he leave you to yourselves! “ Light is come into the world ;” and if your eyes have not discerned its excellency, the reason is, you have “loved darkness rather than light ;” and your final condemnation will be much more aggravated when you are compared with others who have made good improvement of inferior ad- vantages. Better things might have been expected from many of our Lord’s captious hearers, who had once disco- vered a hopeful disposition. The kingdom of Satan seemed to be shaken amongst them; but they fell back again to their former condition of a willing sub- jection to his government, and gave him a more en- tire ascendancy over their minds ; and therefore Jesus foretold that their “last state would be worse than the first.” On this occasion he delivered the parable of the relapsing demoniac. The evil spirit may de- part for a time, as ‘if he had quitted his hold of the 40 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. poor enslaved sinner, and yet may return to his pos+ session. The door being open, the heart prepared to comply with his suggestions, and no contrary prin- ciple forbidding his admission, he will enter with greater strength, and lead the captive soul with in- ‘creasing obduracy from one degree of wickedness to another. This describes a common case. Many are deeply affected by the faithful and lively preaching of the Gospel ; and a temporary reformation takes place. Their attention may be roused, their passions moved, and especially their fears alarmed by the striking ad- dresses of some plain practical preacher ; and then they cannot continue in the same vain and sinful habits as before. Like Herod, who “ heard John the Baptist gladly, and did many things,” they may express a warm approbation of the minister, and amend their conduct, at least in certain enormities ; so that it may seem as if the evil spirit was expelled. But they rest in a mere external change, and fail of — areal conversion of the heart ; and therefore Satan, — who has withdrawn his influence for a time, obtains a free admission again. The habitation is made ready for his reception ; and he returns with seven-fold force. How terrible the consequence! A relapse is often more to be dreaded than the first attack of a disorder. “Evil men and seducers wax worse and worse * :” “‘the latter end is worse with them than the begin- ning t.” Let us, therefore, implore the God of all grace, so to drive out the prince of darkness, that He himself may take full and everlasting possession of our souls, and nothing be “able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.” In this awful manner Jesus continued to preach the word with unshaken fortitude and unwearied patience, exposing himself to the malevolence of his enemies by his pointed repreofs, and exhausting his 2 2 Tim. iii. 13. + 2 Pet. ii. 20. L ' JESUS CHRIST. 41 bodily strength by incessant labours. While he was thus employed, a certain woman, impressed by his exhortations, exclaimed, as if in envious admiration of the happiness of her who was favoured with such a Son: but he replied, that a far greater privilege is conferred on those who believe and obey the Gospel. His pious mother, together with some near relations, stood at a distance, and, probably, through anxiety for his welfare, wished to call him away. It seems they were prevented from approaching by the sur- rounding multitudes. It was, therefore, intimated to him, that they were waiting to speak with him. But he, still intent upon his important work, and to en- courage the attendance of his faithful followers, de- clared that those who truly received and practised his word were much dearer to him than the nearest among his earthly connexions, merely as such, could possibly be. He meant not to slight his mother or any of his kindred, but to show that we should be superior to all carnal and worldly regards, by looking beyond the ties of consanguinity ; and, in order to animate his disciples to diligence and perseverance in his service, he took that opportunity of expressing his warmest affection for them. _ Aye any persons ready to congratulate the blessed Virgin, who had the distinguished honour of bringing forth the Saviour of mankind? The way is here pointed out, in which you may obtain a superior dignity. Only yield an unfeigned respect to the Gospel, give up your whole hearts to God, and walk in cheerful obedience to his commands, and you shall be happier, and dearer to Jesus, than any natural relation to him could make you. If you profess a peculiar attachment, and num- ber yourselves among his followers, we ask, whether you are willing to walk in holiness as he requires. Or, are you satisfied with paying him an unmeaning ~ compliment, as if it could please him to cry “ Lord, Lord,” while you regard not his precepts? Observe, ES 42 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. that he pronounces his benediction upon those who not only HEAR, but po, his word, and perform the ‘will of his Father.” Are you such? Or, are you not conscious that some or other of your tempers and practices expressly contradict his injunctions? You must search out, and put away from you “the ac- cursed thing,” which he hateth; or else it were presumption to expect his favourable notice. You, who have devoted yourselves to him “ with- out partiality and without hypocrisy,” may take fresh courage, since you are assured from his own mouth how dear you are to him. You are in his account as “a brother, a sister, and a mother.” Do you know what those tender names imply? Yet you cannot conceive the strength of his affection for you. How ample is the recompense he bestows for all you can do or suffer in his cause! O, let a sense of his un- merited and extensive love excite you to more vigor- ous and cheerful exertions, that you may express your gratitude, and promote his glory! . But let “the sinners in Zion be afraid, and fear- fulness surprise the hypocrites.” The eye’ of Jesus discerns your insincerity under every specious dis- guise which you may assume. And in what light do you appear before him? Does he regard you as “a brother, a sister, and a mother?” No: he detests the baseness of your character ; and he will avenge the insults you put upon him. O, cast off the mask of an unsound profession ; confess your iniquity ; sue to him for pardon, while he waits to be gracious ; and implore the influence of his Spirit, “to the end he may establish your hearts unblamable in holiness!” JESUS CHRIST. AS JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 17. Jesus repaired to the sea-shore, and instructed the multitude by the parables of the sower—the tares— the growth of corn—the grain of mustard-seed— the “abe in meal—the treasure hid in a field—the pearl of great price—and the net gathering different kinds of fishes. Tue life, at least the public life, of Jesus, was very short ; but, being employed in almost constant exertions for the glory of God and the benefit of men, it was crowded with important events. If we possessed a larger measure of his activity and zeal, much might be done in the contracted period of our existence upon earth; for our usefulness depends not on length of days, but on their diligent improvement. The friends of Jesus were, perhaps, apprehensive that he would impair his strength by incessant labours ; and therefore they endeavoured to draw him away from the multitude, that he might have some inter- mission. Probably, he yielded to their importunity,. and retired ; but “ The same day” he appeared again in public, concerned for the people, who came from all parts to hear his heavenly doctrines. It cannot be wrong to pay a prudent regard to our health; for religion requires not any efforts, to which our bodily frame is unequal. But, from an attention to ourselves, let us not plead for indolence, or neglect those op- portunities of doing good, which are, evidently, _ within our power. May it please God to “shed 4A SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. abroad his love in our hearts by the Ghost,” that his work may ever be our delight! Then shall we lament that our usefulness is so confined, and that our best exertions bear no proportion to the extent of our desires. No sooner did Jesus quit the house to which he had withdrawn, than immense numbers surrounded him, as before*. Being situated near the sea, for the better convenience of delivering his instructions, he entered into a ship, from which he addressed the people, who stood upon the shore in a serious and respectful manner to hear him. He spake to them by parables, that is, by certain likenesses or representa- tions, taken from the ordinary occurrences of life, in which, while a common history seems to be related, some spiritual information is meant to be conveyed. . This method of teaching was frequent among the . ancients ; and it is happily calculated to strike the mind, and leave a lasting impression upon the me- mory. He proposed, to the consideration of the au- dience then assembled before him, various similitudes of this kind, all of them tending to show the nature of his kingdom upon earth, the character of its true members, its gradual augmentation, and invaluable blessings. ih.) The parable of the sower stands first in order. Here an attentive and diligent husbandman is exhi- bited in the cultivation of an extensive field. Desi- rous of procuring a large increase, he took care that good seed should be sown upon every part of it; but, as it consisted of different sorts of soil, the effect was very different. In one place, where the ground was hard as a beaten path, the seed could not enter, and, as it lay exposed, was either de- stroyed by the feet of passengers, or devoured by the birds. Another place afforded a promising appearance for a short time: the east was rocky, * Matt. xiii, 1—23. Mark iy. 125. Luke vii, 4—18. JESUS CHRIST. 45 being covered only with a thin coat of earth; and this for a while gave nourishment to the grain which was cast upon it; but, having no depth, it could not defend the root from the scorching sun; and therefore the whole of the produce soon withered away. A third situation proved unfavour- able to the good seed ; for the thorns, which grew there, checked the efforts of the rising corn, and © effectually prevented it from coming to maturity. Was, therefore, all the labour vain? No: there was one portion of the field which answered the expectations of the owner: it brought forth a plen- tiful increase, though in various degrees, which gradually ripened till the time of harvest, and was then gathered into the barn. At the conclusion of this little narration, Jesus required his audience to fix their attention upon it, as involving truths of the greatest importance. He proclaimed aloud, “ He that hath ears to ear, let him hear ;’ which intimated that some would understand and regard the instruction, whilst it would be totally ost upon others. But wherefore did he use such a studied obscurity in his preaching? His very disciples seemed unable to account for it, and therefore afterwards put the question in private, “ Why speakest thou unto them in parables?” and besought him to explain his de- ign. This gave him occasion to vindicate that pe- culiar manner of teaching. A parable will readily be comprehended by those who are seriously disposed, d desirous of useful information; but to others it may appear to have no meaning, or none of any msequence. This, he observed, was intended in ust judgment against those who had despised his plainest declarations. He replied to his disciples o the following effect: “The mysteries of the ingdom, which remain a secret to them, are in ich mercy revealed unto you, my beloved friends. 46 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. And this method is agreeable to the righteous’ proceedings of God, who in general dispenses his favours to men according to their temper’ and improvement. Those, therefore, who haye refused to be convinced on the strongest evidence, and have contemptuously rejected all the offers of my grace, shall be given up to a judicial blindness and ob- duracy; so that, how long soever they may be spared under means and ordinances, they never will be brought to a true and spiritual understanding of the Gospel. How great, then, is your blessed- ness, who have obtained a divine illumination, whereby you perceive the doctrines which I deliver, and feel their powerful influence upon your minds! You are distinguished above the most eminent saints of old, who saw but through a glass darkly, and looked forwards with ardent desires to the advantages and privileges which you now enjoy.” nit i Such was the purport of our Lord’s interesting address to his disciples; and a solemn warning it conveys tous. We must render an account to God for the religious opportunities with which we are favoured. He hath sent to us the Gospel of his Son, and He will shortly inquire what reception we have given it. Are there not many among us who will not even examine it with seriousness, but, like the Pharisees, disdainfully put away the truth from them? No wonder, then, that to you, who are of this character, the doctrines of Jesus appear obscure or inconsistent. O, be afraid, lest, while you shut your eyes and stop your ears, God determine in his wrath that they never shall bé opened! The day of grace may be expired with respect to some, even while they are suffered to remain upon earth. O, listen to those, who beseech you * that ye receive not the grace of God in vain !”—“ Behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation * !” ‘ * 2 Cor. vi. 1, 2. JESUS CHRIST. 47 This very caution is inculcated in the parable be- fore us. That we may enter more fully into the subject, let us advert to our Lord’s explanation. Jesus is “the Sower,” who by himself and his mi- nisters scatters abroad the good seed of his word. But, alas! the most excellent instruction does not always produce the desired effects: through various causes men are prevented from receiving that real advantage which it is calculated to promote. These causes exist in the men themselves. - Some are hard and impenetrable as the ground on which they tread ; fitly compared, therefore, to “ the _way-side.” They give no serious attention to the momentous truths which they hear, nor take any pains to understand them. Upon these, then, no good impression is made: the word preached to them is soon forgotten and lost ; they do not even resist the attempts of Satan, who is hovering around, like a bird of prey, and who, to frustrate the design of the Gospel, will artfully contrive to divert their minds from it, by proposing subjects more pleasing to their carnal nature. ; But others are affected with the declarations of the Gospel. So far the seed is admitted, as their passions are moved by the things which are spoken to them. They listen with avidity, form the best resolutions, and discover an ardent zeal for religion. But, alas! like the rocky ground, they have no depth; and therefore their convictions are hasty and superficial, not being able to penetrate their hearts. Their pro- fessions may be warm, and excite notice and admira- tion ; but the trying season is at hand, in which all their fine appearances will wither away. Troubles, like the scorching sun, will prove that their princi- ples have not taken firm root within, as these have not influence enough to support them. A third sort may also promise fair, and preserve a - show of piety for a length of time. The blade springs | 48 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. up, and endures the various changes of the weather. Yet it does not thrive; for thorns surround and choke it. Ah! how many constantly attend upon the ministry of the Gospel, in whom no saying effect is produced! The cares, riches, and pleasures of life, so engross their minds, that no proper heed can be given to the truth which is heard; and, of conse-_ quence, it is lost upon them; for, with a heart so much attached to secular concerns, they cannot pos< sess any spiritual life or vigour. They may maintain their place in the visible church ; but, when we look — for the fruits of righteousness, we are disappointed, ‘and their religion is vain. | The labour, however, of the husbandman, is not in every instance unprofitable. There are those who resemble the good ground, who are prepared by di- vine grace for a due reception of the heavenly word. — Their supreme regard is fixed upon it ; they perceive its important meaning, and cherish it in their hearts, — till its grand design is answered. “They walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing, being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God*.” A difference, indeed, in their excellence and usefulness, is observable ; but all bring forth fruit to maturity, and some in an eminent degree. Their sincerity is proved by their perseverance in holiness. _They endure every trial; they stand both the win- ter’s cold and the summer's heat, and “ go on unto perfection.” r Can we avoid making the application? If we are favoured with the preaching of “the everlasting Go- spel,” and constantly attend upon it, let us inquire, What is the effeet produced? Do we seriously me- ditate on what we hear? Is any deep and lasting impression fixed upon our minds? Are any spiritual pores implanted, and habits formed? Is our re- igion such as will carry us through temptations and * Col. i. 10. ? JESUS CHRIST. , 49 persecutions? Is it such as renders us.superior to the solicitations of the fiesh, and the allurements of the world? -Do none of these things take up that time and thought which should be devoted to the care of the soul? And are we not, consequently, in a lean and barren state, notwithstanding the faithful administration of the sacred ordinances around us? If those only receive real advantage from the Gospel, who are so affected by it as to bring forth the sub- stantial fruits of holiness, do we come under that description? Or whatis the profit which has accrued from our profession ? The Saviour subjoined a most solemn caution, re- minding his disciples that divine light was commu- nicated to them for the benefit of others, and that they should make a good improvement of the in- structions delivered, by recommending the same in- portant truths to the world around them. And ought not we, also, to consider for what intent our religious privileges are bestowed upon us? Do we shine, in our respective places, as “lights of the world,” desirous to impart knowledge to them who are in darkness? It should be remembered, that, if our distinguished favours are not turned to some useful account, we may not only be soon deprived of them, but shall be severely condemned for the neglect. On the same occasion, it should seem, our Lord delivered the parable of the tares*. Here again a common story is related, for the purpose of commu- nicating spiritual information. A field was sown with good seed, which, from its favourable growth, promised a plentiful increase. But, through the malicious interference .of one who was an enemy to the owner of the land, and through the negligence of the servants, to whom it was committed, tares were scattered among the wheat. The injury was not ; * Matt. xiii. 24—30. 36—40, VOL. Iv. FE 50 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. discovered till the fruit of the corn appeared ; and — then it was proposed to root up the noxious weeds, which obstructed the ripening of the crop. The master, however, rejected that scheme, as being at- tended with some danger, and allowed the tares to remain, commanding only that in the time of harvest they should be carefully separated, and consumed by fire, while the good grain should be collected and se- cured in the storehouse. What instruction, then, does this narrative convey ? The disciples did not at first perceive it, and there- fore afterwards, when Jesus retired, they requested him to explain it. In condescension to their in- quiries, he gave a clear and minute interpretation ; from which we learn that the parable exhibits the present state of his kingdom, or the visible church, as it consists of a mixed company, hypocritical pre- tenders as well as real believers. These may not always be distinguishable from each other, and for Wise purposes may be suffered to continue in the same religious community. The latter only are “ the children of the kingdom,” entitled to its blessings ; and they possess their high privileges merely by the grace’ of Jesus ; for He it is who sows the good seed in his field. The former are “the children of the wicked one,” being induced by his influence to put on the semblance of piety; whilst they still bear his likeness, cheerfully comply with his temptations, and do his work. In the rashness of our zeal, we might sometimes wish a greater separation to be made than the present system of things will admit ; we might wish that the saints of God were no longer “vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked.’” But we must wait for that event till the end of the world, the great harvest ; and then, how accurate will be the distinction of characters, how wide the difference between them! The reapers, who are the angels of God, cannot err in the awful division which & rs JESUS CHRIST. 51 they shall make, or appoint any individual to an im- proper place. Every tare shall be burned with fire : every grain of wheat shall be safely lodged in the heavenly garner. How tremendous the destruction of the ungodly in that “furnace of fire, where shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth!” How excellent the glory into which the righteous shall enter, where they “shall shine forth as the sun, in the kingdom of their Father !” May God excite in us “ great searchings of heart !” What is our present character? What our future prospect? We are fixed in the outward church of Christ ; but we are not therefore secure of an admis- sion into his blissful presence above. Possibly we may wear the garb of sanctity; and others may not suspect any insincerity in us. But unless we are re- newed in righteousness, and “have our fruit unto holiness,” our hope is presumptuous, and our “ex~- pectations shall perish.” Nor let the impenitent flatter themselves that they shall escape detection in the midst of so immense a multitude. Sinners, be assured that the eye of God perfectly discerns you now, and that his hand will find you out hereafter. Whatever fair appearances you may assume, or whatever plausible excuses you may frame, His righteous judgment shall be executed: “ These shall go away into everlasting punishment ; but the righte- ous into life eternal *.” Our Lord also delivered, probably to the same audience, various other similitudes, all of them in- structive and important t. He referred them to the gradual increase of corn, by the inexplicable principle of vegetation, as a repre- sentation of the progress of his spiritual kingdom. The seed is cast into the ground, and, without any further care of the husbandman, it rises insensibly, * Matt. xxv. 46. % Matt. xiii, 31—35. 44-53. Mark iv. 26—34. > 52 SCRIPTURE CHARAOTERS. and advances by degrees to a state of maturity, when, | being fully ripe, it is cut down, and gathered into the _ barn. The interpretation is obvious. The work of God, both in the church as a community, and in the heart of each individual believer, is carried on impercep- tibly, like the growth of corn, in a way which de- pends not on human management, and which we cannot explain. The seed may appear to perish in the earth, or the blade to spring up in a very slow manner, while the mysterious process goes forward without interruption. Let us not despond, though we see not the most favourable appearances at once ; nor let us be impatient, though we perceive not, after a length of time, the perfection of grace either in ourselves or others. Let us pray that the Gospel may spread its influence from one kingdom to another, and that we ourselves may “ go from strength to strength.” We wait for the harvest: may we all be ripening for it; that, when the great Reaper “putteth in the sickle” (as he will at the hour of death, with respect to every se- parate person), we may be received into his celestial garner ! The same instruction is conveyed in the parable of the grain of mustard-seed. This, though one of the least of seeds, it is observed, produced in eastern countries a tree so large, that the birds- might build their nests in its branches. The asto- nishing increase exhibits the mighty power of God in’ his providence ; and equally illustrious is the dis- play of his grace in causing his Gospel to spread and flourish, from the smallest and most contemptible appearances, till it shall fill the earth, and afford a refuge in the church for men of all ranks and cha- racters, and for all the nations of the world. The - progress in our day may seem inconsiderable ; but we look forwards, with cheerful hopes, to those JESUS CHRIST. 53 glorious times, when the branches of this. tree shall be so enlarged as to reach the most distant lands: for “‘ the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdoms of our Lord, and: of his Christ*.’” The case is similar with respect to the establishment of divine grace in the heart of every Christian. This holy principle may seem, in its beginning, to possess little influence, and promise no great im- provement. But the plant is under the peculiar care of Heaven, and, being watered from above, it shall thrive and prosper. It shall gradually extend its shoots, till it occupy every part of the soul, in which it has been fixed. Our Lord confirmed and illustrated this truth by the parable of the leaven, which he described as put into a large quantity of meal. This, being inconsi- derable in its bulk, may lie concealed for a time, as if it had no effect; but its operation, though secret, is powerful ; and, as its fermentation spreads by de- _ grees, it will. diffuse itself through the whole mass. Just so the Gospel, which was of little account in the world at first, is ina progressive state, and, we trust, will increase more and more, till it reduce all nations to “the obedience of faith.” “ A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation. The Lord will hasten it in his time f.” Nor is the case at all different, wherever the sacred influence of God’s Spirit is put into the heart. _ For a season it may not excite notice; much weakness may seem to attend its first efforts, so that the change produced may not show itself in every part, or in any remark- able manner. But the operation, which is accom- panied with a mighty energy, will be effectual in the end. It will be felt in every faculty and member, and gain a complete ascendancy over the whole man. Such is the usual advancement of religion in the soul. ‘ ' * Rev. xi. 15. -E Tsas Ix, 225 54 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, Is this what we are acquainted with, in our own particular state? We would encourage any favour- able appearances, any feeble attempts to serve God “in spirit and in truth.” “ For who hath despised the day of small things *?” Yet we are taught to expect a gradual progress; and therefore we inquire, Are we growing in grace? Do we increase in spiri- tual light and vigour, and become more and more confirmed in holy principles and habits? Doubtless we should feel an ardent desire that the Gospel may extend its influence from house to house, and from town to town, in every nation, till it reach the re-- motest corners of the earth. But let us not forget OURSELVES, nor cease to lift up our prayer, that, — professing the truth of God, we may feel more of the efficacy of our own principles, and be gradually transformed into the divine likeness, “from glory to glory.” May the sanctifying energy of our religion diffuse itself throughout all our faculties, and bring our affections, words, and actions, into subjection under the government of Christ ! ! Thus Jesus continued to describe the nature of his kingdom by figurative illustrations. This method of teaching, indeed, has something of obscurity in it ; and that obscurity was intended: for many of his audience could not bear a more clear and avowed declaration, so that he might have hazarded his life by speaking more explicitly. Besides, in this very way of delivering his instructions by parables, he ac~ commodated himself to an ancient Scripture, which is therefore said to be fulfilled in him. Other similitudes were added, which were caleu- lated to give direction and encouragement to his dis< ciples. The Gospel may fitly be compared to anim~ mense treasure ; it is an inexhaustible mine of spi ritual riches. This may be represented as “hid in a field:” the valuable substance, not being exposed * Zech. iv. 10, JESUS CHRIST. 55 on the surface, may escape the notice of careless ob- servers, and cannot be explored without much pains. Men of carnal dispositions are not aware how many -and precious blessings are comprised in that salvation which they neglect and despise. But those who perceive its transcendent worth will “rejoice as one that findeth great spoil*,” and gladly relinquish every other possession, if necessary, that they may secure it for their own. Who, then, among us, are - desirous to purchase this field, which contains such inexpressible wealth? Alas! do you not betray your ignorance of “ the kingdom of heaven,” who estimate the Gospel at a low rate? It would not pass with you for a trifle, as it now does, if you were ac- “quainted with its hidden treasure. You would not scruple to part with any thing for Christ’s sake, if _ you properly understoud the value of his grace. You pour contempt upon him if you do not prefer him to the best enjoyments of the world, or if you hesitate to sacrifice them all when they stand in competition with him. This also we learn from the parable of the pearl of great price. A merchant, in search of rich com- modities, having discovered a pearl of peculiar ex- cellency, abandoned every other pursuit, and relin- quished all his gains, that he might purchase that one jewel. Such is the man who obtains a true knowledge of the Saviour, and becomes a member of his kingdom. It may be, he has long been in quest of happiness, and each favourite object ap- peared to him, for a time, as a beautiful gem: but he found continual disappointment till he heard of Jesus, and beheld something of his glory, when every thing else lost its former charms, and seemed trifling and worthless in comparison. Then he began to desire, most ardently, the grace of Jesus, and fixed all his attention upon that one point, being * Psal. cxix. 162. 56 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. willing to sustain any loss, and renounce every ad-, vantage, for the acquisition of that high prize. Have. you, then, any proper conceptions of the yalue of Christ, who shrink from his service, because it re-. quires so many painful sacrifices? Do you appre- hend that you shall pay too dear for his benefits? No, Sirs; this is the pearl of so great price, that there can be nothing in the whole world equivalent to it. Give up interest, pleasures, reputation, friends, and relatives, father, mother, brothers, sisters, wife, and children; yet, if Jesus be yours, we will con- gratulate you on your immense gain. Whatever you . lose, you receive “unsearchable and durable riches” in Him ; and therefore you may adopt the Apostle’s exultation, “ As having nothing, and yet possessing. all things *.” _ But Jet no man deceive himself. It will not suf- fice to “name the name of Christ,” where there is not cordial attachment to him, And are there not many professors of the Gospel, who, by their for- mality, worldliness, or sensuality, disgrace the cause ?. These weaken the hands and distress the hearts of faithful ministers. Yet let us not be staggered, since our Lord has taught us to expect it by the following similitude. de He subjoined another parable, taken from the practice of fishermen. They cast their net into the sea, which collects various kinds of fishes; nor can any separation of them be made till they are brought to the shore: but then the useful are preserved, .and the worthless rejected. So mixed is the present state of the church, and such will be the final division of . its members, Those, who preach the Gospel, go forth, as it were, upon the wide ocean of the. world, to throw the net, desirous of enclosing in it all they can. Many may accordingly be taken, who may not be approved upon an exact scrutiny. * 2 Cor. vi. 10. JESUS CHRIST. oT And such a scrutiny will be instituted at the end of the world. Who can abide the strict examination? The angels will part the different characters asunder, however close their connexion may now be. They, who possess only the form _ of godliness, shall then be for ever excluded from the society of the saints, among whom they were numbered here ; and their portion shall be assigned them in “the furnace of fire,” where they shall for ever “ wail” their sin and folly, and “gnash their teeth”. through the extremity of rage, anguish, and despair. So solemn and alarming were the addresses of Je- sus. And if his servants in the Gospel endeavour to speak as he did, they must remind their hearers of the important distinction which subsists between them, and thus, by faithful admonitions, “ take forth the precious from the vile*,” Their work is difficult, and often painful. How necessary is it for them to be well acquainted with the religion which they teach! Let them attend, then, to the question which Jesus proposed to his disciples: “‘ Have ye understood all these things?” Let them consider, too, what improvement should be made. The Scribes, who are “ instructed unto the kingdom of heaven,” or properly qualified to declare its mys- teries, resemble the householder, who has a large family to provide for. They should therefore trea- sure up every useful observation, that they may always be able to communicate something from their stock, for the service of the family. While they are concerned for their own support, they must em- ploy their fund, whatever it may be, for the benefit of those committed to them, “giving them their portion of meat in due season.” Let prayer be offered to God without ceasing, both for them who preach and them who hear the * Jer. xv. 19. 58 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. Gospel, that the former may dispense the word with all fidelity, and the latter receive it with meekness. Let us thankfully accept the salutary provisions which the great Lord of the household has here set before us, and feed upon them to our spiritual nou- riskment. May we be led to try our own characters, and be alarmed or comforted, as our case may render most expedient! May God in mercy prevent us from being deceived to our eternal ruin; and, “if in any thing we be otherwise minded” than we oUght_to be, may he “ reveal even this unto us!” A JESUS CHRIST. 59 » JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 18. _ Jesus replied to some who professed a regard to him— appeased a storm on the sea—cured two possessed persons—rejected bythe Gadarenes—returned to Ga- lilee—healed a woman of her bloody flux—restored Jairus's daughter to life—gave sight to two blind men—expelled a demon—preached again at Naza- reth, and in various other places. *Looxine unto Jesus” is not only the bounder duty, but the high privilege, of the real Christian ; and therefore it will be his daily and delightful em- ployment. Let us not be weary of contemplating our divine Exemplar. Much we have yet to learn, since we have hitherto seen but little, in comparison, of his excellency. As we attend him through the exercise of his public ministry, we shall observe him in almost every place confirming his heavenly doc- trines by incontestable miracles, and affording the strongest evidence that he was indeed “ the Christ, the Saviour of the world.” ~ In the evening of the very same day on which he had been teaching the people by parables, he pro- posed to his disciples to pass over the sea, or the lake of Genesareth*. As they prepared to take ship, a certain person, and, it should seem, a man of some note, being a Scribe, came to Jesus, professing a high regard for him, and a fixed determination to continue with him, as one of his stated followers. ' The appearance was pleasing and hopeful, so that we * Matt. viii, 18—27. Mark iv, 35, &c. Luke viii, 22—23, ix, 57, &e. 3 60 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. might have hastily concluded him to be’a real convert. But Jesus, who “‘ knew what was in man,” discovered an insincerity of heart under this fair disguise. The Scribe probably expected some very lucrative or ho- - nourable post, as it was generally thought that the Messiah would establish a temporal dominion. Jesus, however, warned him that no worldly emoluments were to be looked for from the service of so poor and despised a Master. “The foxes,” said he, “have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.” How astonishing the declaration! -How low and calamitous the situation to which ‘‘ The Lord from, heaven” submitted! Here then we perceive “the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was - rich, yet for our sakes he became poor, that we through his poverty might be rich*.” And what could his followers expect but to be sharers of his affliction, and therefore to be destitute of all present comforts and conveniences! “The disciple is not _ above his master, nor the servant above his lord.” Such an intimation was enough to stagger the reso- lation of a man who sought only secular advantages ; and it is probable that he instantly withdrew. In another we perceive a far less regard to Jesus than was due to his high character, and in one too — who seems to have been a professed disciple for some time. When our Lord called him to a stated attend~_ ance, and a renunciation of all other employments, the man was disposed to procrastinate, and therefore, with a view to excuse himself for a season, desired permission to perform the funeral solemnities of his father. The request appeared reasonable ; for reli- gion does not forbid, but rather enjoin, all due re- spect to be shown to friends and relations. But Jesus, knowing it to be a mere pretence, or at least a mark of some reluctancy to engage in the work of * 2 Cor. viii. 9. bt igi = JESUS CHRIST. 61 God, which might have been augmented by an inter- view with his former connexions,,demanded an im- mediate compliance with the call. He replied, “ Let the dead bury their dead ; but go thou, and preach the kingdom of God.” As if he had said, “Sooner let any office be neglected than that of the sacred mi- nistry, to which thou art appointed. Leave it there- fore to those, who being dead to God are unfit for his service, to bury their deceased kindred : but delay not thou, through any carnal regards, to enter upon and prosecute thy important function.” An example of like sort occurred on another occa- sion. A third person professed a resolution to become a follower of Jesus. And what prevented him? He had certain affairs to settle, or friends to tale leave of, if not to consult. This might seem to us expe- dient and proper; but there was a secret unsound- ness, a wrong attachment to worldly connexions, a wavering mind, a desire to regain the things which had been renounced, as in the case of Lot’s wife. Our Lord, therefore, detecting his hypocrisy, re- plied, “No man, having put his hand to the plough and looking back, is fit for the kingdom of God.” Do not similar instances present themselves under our own observation? Do not many “halt between two opinions?” or “turn to the Lord, not with their whole heart, but feignedly?” Their supreme affections are fixed upon secular objects; and there- fore, though with fair and, plausible words they de- clare their approbation of Christianity, they will comply with its dictates no further than their conve~ nience will admit. _ Various excuses are urged. It is said, “ We have too much business of another kind, to give that at- tention to religion which is required ;” or, “ our con= nexions are unfavourable to our wishes, and we can~ not detach ourselves from them.” But will these pretexts bear a serious examination? Or will any VOL, IV. G = 62 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. deliberately maintain that the care of the soul and “the service of Christ may be safely neglected till every worldly obstruction be removed? If you are un- willing to contend with difficulties, the Saviour will disown you, and treat you as avowed opposers. <‘ But we intend, after a time, to be his faithful disciples. When this or the other scheme is accom- plished, we are resolved to trifle no longer, but to obey his injunctions with the utmost ardour, and ‘without reserve.” Ah! Sirs, will he admit of such an answer to the solemn call of his Gospel? He fe- quires your submission now ; and for you to talk of yielding a compliance only on a future day, is to de- clare that you prefer the world to him. You do in fact, therefore, reject him, while you plead for a ‘delay. He knows the ground of your excuses ; and remember, he detests the double mind, whatever specious disguises it may assume. my When Jesus had taken ship, and launched out into ‘the deep, a severe storm arose, and the disciples were distressed_by the apprehension of immediate destruction ; for the vessel seemed on the very point of sinking. But where was their beloved Master? Wearied out with the labours of the preceding day, he had fallen asleep. What, could he be ignorant or regardless of the danger of his faithful attendants? No: but he designed to try the strength of their confidence in him, and to show their security under his protection. They awoke him, and cried, in terror and anguish, “Lord, save us, we perish.” How strange, how inconsistent was this!. Will not the weakest believer allow that it was impossible to pe- rish, with Jesus in the ship? But eminent perils will sometimes render even advanced Christians strangely forgetful of their own principles, and prove them de~ fective in faith, as indeed they are in every grace. The fears, perplexities, and despondency, which some of them discover in such situations, sufficiently evince it. ¢ a. ll “ah ’ JESUS CHRIST: 63 - Jesus reproved them sharply for their unbelief ; and then, to encourage their unreserved reliance upon him in every future difficulty, and to demonstrate. that all nature was at his command, he arose with a peculiar majesty, and spake the authoritative word: the furious winds instantly ceased to blow, and the turbulent sea was calm. Such a grand display of his divine power astonished them: “ thé men marvelled.” They ought, indeed, to have recollected that he was the God of the whole creation; and this very miracle might have led them to that conclusion. “O Lord God of hosts, who is a strong Lord like unto thee? Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them*.” But so much darkness yet remained in their minds, that they had no clear or consistent views of “ the great mystery of godliness,” and perhaps some of them might then consider him as no more than a human being. . The distressed situation of the disciples is an apt emblem of the church, and of many private Chris- tians, in perilous circumstances. It is one principal part of the Redeemer’s plan to exercise and prove our faith ; and therefore he conducts us through various trials. He affords us his gracious presence, and,. while we pass over the tempestuous sea of life, we ought to be satisfied that he is in the vessel with us. we If we are his people, we must be secure, because our. safety isin him. Let us not presumptuously impeach his wisdom, faithfulness, or love, when he suffers the severest storm to arise, though he should even then seem regardless of our danger. Our busy fears may suggest that we shall surely be lost, and we may ‘be almost overwhelmed with perplexity and despair. His design is that we should shew an entire and cheerful dependence upon him ; but we soon betray. our unbelief, and treat him as the disciples did. _ If, then, we can trust him no longer than while the calm * Psal. ixxxix. 8, 9. %. ary “ a 64 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. continues, “ where is our faith?” Or, “ why are we so fearful?” Let us be ashamed of our doubtful and suspicious temper ; and, adoring the power and grace of this mighty God and Saviour, let us learn, with unshaken confidence, to repose ourselves and our con- cerns in his hands. The storm being appeased, they arrived in safety at the country of the Gadarenes, opposite to Galilee ; and immediately an occasion was offered for the ex- hibition of his divine character, which excited gene- ral attention*. There met him two persons pos- » sessed with devils, in a state of the utmost distraction — and fury, driven out from society, and incapable of being governed or restrained t. Many circumstances in this case are not to be accounted for on any other supposition than that of a real demoniacal influence. We here perceive, indeed, an awful representation of the wretchedness in which we should be involved, if subjected to the malice of infernal spirits. A con- siderable number (for their name was Legion) had entered into these unhappy men, and reduced them to the most miserable condition. When our Lord beheld the pitiable objects, he commanded the de- mons to quit their hold. This they were unwilling to do; and yet they were constrained to acknowledge the superior power of Jesus, as “ the Son of the most high God ;” and were terrified at his presence, as criminals before their judge. Being perfectly aware of that extremity of torment, which will shortly be executed upon them by Christ himself, they requested that their final punishment might not be inflicted be- fore the time. They entreated him also not to dis~ miss them entirely from that country ; and, probably . with a mischievous and destructive intention, desired * Matt. viii. 28, &c. ix. 1. Marky. 1-—21. Luke viii. 26—40. t AsSt. Mark and St. Luke mention only one person, it should seem: that one was more fierce, and therefore more an object of notice, than the other. < : JESUS CHRIST. 635 permission to enter into a numerous herd. of swine ‘in the neighbourhood. Permission accordingly was granted, not to gratify, but confound, their malice; and immediately the whole herd, to the amount of; two thousand, rushed into the deep with violence, and perished in the waters. This was a remarkable transaction. It has been treated with impious ridicule ;'but it ought to be ob- served, as a sufiicient answer to objections, that, by this very occurrence, Jesus has demonstrated the reality of possessions, the malevolence of infernal: spirits; and their entire subjection to him ; for the owned his dominion when they solicited his leave to execute their purpose. He displayed, likewise, his. boundless mercy, in “destroying the works of the devil.” At the same time, those who had kept the swine were justly punished, by the loss of them, for their avarice and profaneness, as their employment _ and traffic were illegal. Let us love and praise our gracious Redeemer, who has come to deliver us from so miserable a bondage as that of the powers of dark- ness. Let us entreat his exertions in our own behalf, and cry to him, ‘‘O Lord, give us not over to their malice, but, by thy mighty aid, extricate us out of ‘their hands, and bring us into the glorious liberty of thy dear children !” The report of this event caused a general conster- nation among the inhabitants. They flocked in great multitudes to see the Person who had wrought so stupendous a miracle ; and, as if~struck with a sense of their guilt, and afraid of his presence, lest he should bring some deserved judgments upon them, they unanimously requested him to “depart out of their coasts.” Little did they understand what they asked. Shall sinners petition that the Lord of life and glory would leave them to themselves? How dreadful must be the consequence! Better be desti- tute of all, both friends and substance, than be de= ; G3 66 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. serted by the Saviour. Yet such is the folly and stu- pidity of men; they are unwilling to abandon their sensual pleasures and worldly advantages, or to be disturbed in their old practices, however unjustifiable ; and therefore they put from them the ministers and the Gospel of Christ, madly supposing they shall be happier without them. They say unto God, “De- — part from us ; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways *.” é How different is the disposition of those who have a true spiritual discernment! They desire nothing so much as the presence of Christ, and communion. with him. Their language is, “ When wilt thou come unto me? O make thine abode with me, and let me remain under thy shadow!” The persons who had been delivered from Satan’s influence were in- stantly restored to reason and comfort; and they were observed to be “sitting at the feet of Jesus,” impressed, no doubt, with unspeakable admiration and gratitude for the grace bestowed upon them. They wished to accompany him upon his departure, and solicited his permission “that they might be with him.” But he intended them to be the instru- ments of usefulness among the people, who were so deeply immersed in ignorance and sin. Though he himself deserted the country, he determined to leave these his chosen witnesses there, and therefore sent them to publish throughout their neighbourhood “ what great things the Lord had done for them.” We also, considering ourselves alone, may wish to be constantly sitting at the feet of Jesus, under the instructions of his mouth, and the light of his coun- tenance. But, for the present, he has assigned us other work, to which we must attend. We must bear our testimony for him, in the midst of a dark world, “holding forth the word of life,” if not by public preaching, yet by our private conversation, * Job xxi. 14. at JESUS CARIST. 67 and show, in our respective places, “what great things he has done for us.” Where are those, then, who have such an evidence to give? What have you received at his hands? He yet distributes his gifts, and works deliverance for men. Have you ex- perienced his power to save? Are you the monu- ments of his grace? Then commend him to others, and declare to your husband, wife, parents, or children, what he can accomplish for them. Upon his crossing the lake again, and returning to Galilee, multitudes awaited his arrival, and wel- comed him with the liveliest joy. How different the reception which he met with in different places! Immediately various applications for relief were made to him, which afforded fresh evidence of his power and compassion *, : It has been repeatedly observed that few persons of rank paid any regard to Jesus; but distress will sometimes constrain those, who would otherwise be most reluctant, to come to him. Jairus, a ruler of the synagogue, and therefore of some eminence, under the apprehension of losing his only daughter, about twelve years of age, who appeared in a dying state, represented her case to Jesus, and, with ex- pressions of profound veneration for his character, most earnestly entreated his gracious interposition. Our Lord acceded to his request, and followed him without delay, accompanied by immense crowds, who were desirous to witness the event.. A circumstance occurred by the way, which de- serves our notice. A poor diseased woman, who had suffered exceedingly by a bloody flux for twelve years, and had spent her whole substance upon physicians without obtaining relief, heard of the extraordinary - works of Jesus, and felt a strong persuasion in her mind that he had power to heal her. Yet, afraid, or ashamed, to describe her situation, she came behind _ * Matt. ix. 18-34, Mark v. 22. &¢, Luke viii, 41, &. ¢ 68 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. him, and touched the border of his garment, in a be-. lieving expectation of acure. The cure was instantly — performed ; and such was the change produced within: her, as to convince her of its reality. This was entirely concealed from the observation of the people; but Jesus, who was privy to the whole, determined to use the woman’s testimony, and to acquaint them with it. At first, through the tremour of her spirits, and an apprehension of being reproved for presump-_ tion, she was unwilling to appear ; but, finding it in — vain to hide herself, she came forward, and, with many tears, declared the miracle in public. Thus he was pleased to manifest his own supernatural in- fluence, and her humble dependence; aud for the encouragement, not of her alone, but of others, he said, “ Daughter, be of good, comfort, thy faith hath made thee whole: go in peace.” Here was an instance of much Bah mixed with real belief; and hereby we are taught that Jesus has compassion on our infirmities, and despises not “ the day of small things.” Come unto him, you who have many fears. Come, however hopeless your case may seem. Like this poor woman, you may have sought relief in vain for a long season ; or rather, like her, you may grow worse and worse. The reason is, your application has hitherto been to « physicians of no value.” But, turning from all others to Jesus Christ, reach forth your hand, though it be with much trembling, and desire in faith “ to touch him ;” and immediately “ virtue will go out of him,” for the perfecting your recovery. Before the ruler of the synagogue had reached his own habitation, a fresh trial- arose, enough to shake his confidence. A messenger informed him that his daughter was actually dead, and therefore that it was needless for Jesus to proceed any further. Still, however, the Saviour, who attended him, encouraged — him to believe and expect her restoration. They | JESUS CHRIST. 69 came at Jength to the house, where great lamentations were made for the beloved child ; and so unquestion- able were the marks of her dissolution, that the in- timation of her revival was derided. But Jesus, to whom “ belong the issues from death,” with a pe- culiar display of majesty called her forth again to life and vigour. The event, so confessedly miracu- lous, filled all those who had observed it with un- speakable astonishment: but, to avoid ostentation, or for reasons of prudence, he requested them not to divulge it, The little narrative conveys much instruction to us. We perceive how uncertain are all human com- forts, and are taught to look for painful trials in our families, as well as in our own persons. In such cir- cumstances we may imitate the conduct of Jairus, and apply to Jesus for relief! Yet while we are waiting for his help, it is possible, that, for the fur- ther exercise of our faith, increasing troubles may come upon us. Then, in an especial manner, we are required to believe: nor is any deliverance too great < rs expected from that Jesus “‘ who quickeneth the ead.” As he departed thence, two blind men followed him with the most importunate cries for relief: “Thou Son of David, have mercy on us.” Nor was their petition vain. They were instantly restored to sight: and, though charged with secrecy, they published abroad, probably from emotions of the warmest gratitude, the kindness of their Bene- factor. Immediately afterward, a dumb person under a demoniacal possession was brought to him, and re- ceived a perfect cure at his hands. Well might the people, overwhelmed with astonishment, confess “ It was never so seen in Israel.” What, then, prevented him from being universally acknowledged in his ‘proper character, as the promised Redeemer? The 70 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. HW Pharisees exerted their influence against him, and though they disputed not the facts, blasphemously — ascribed them to the agency of Satan. Their malicious cavils had been fully refuted before, and yet they continued to urge the sanie absurd charges. Just so, in the present day, the weak and profane objections of infidels, which have been, repeatedly answered, are produced afresh, and with as much petulance and acrimony as ever. But shall not we conclude from — the stupendous miracles of Jesus, that he is “ mighty to save?” And, since his power and grace have suffered no diminution, may we not encourage the children of affliction, in all their various distresses, to commend their cases to him, and expect seasonable — and effectual relief? After the above-mentioned occurrences, Jesus returned to Nazareth, the place of his education *.. The inhabitants of this city had basely rejected him already, and even attempted to destroy him; yet he did not forsake them, but again delivered his solemn instructions in their synagogue on the sabbath-day, Many of them felt a powerful impression from his preaching. They were astonished at his words: but no good effect ensued ; for they took offence. Various objections were raised, chiefly from his mean ex- traction, the poverty of his relations, and the low trade to which he was brought up. They looked for a Messiah of high original, invested with worldly honour, pomp, and dominion; and they determined never to receive the man in that exalted character whom they knew to be destitute of all such attractive distinctions. Opposition of a similar nature is made among our- selves. The grand doctrines of the Gospel are often treated with scorn, because they are not acceptable to <‘ wise men after the flesh, the mighty or the noble ;”’ and the truth of Christ is denied, without — * Matt. xiii. 54, &c. ix. 35, &c. Mark, vi. 1—s. JESUS CHRIST. : : 71 ‘examination, because some of its advocates possess ‘no eminence of rank or abilities.. Prejudices of this kind, though extremely absurd, frequently operate most effectually, and prove destructive. © beware! Jesus may withdraw. He left Nazareth, and, pro- bably, never more returned. He wrought some mi- racles among them, and they had credible infor- mation of what he performed in other places: but “he did not many mighty works there; nay, HE “COULD NOT, because of their unbelief.” ‘How. fatal the consequences of their obstinate infidelity! It stopped the hand of Jesus, and expelled him from their city. He expressed his astonishment at their “perverseness ; but he ceased to argue with them. O fear their condemnation, if your minds are ill affected towards him! While you are raising this or the other objection, he may take his Gospel from you, and send it to another people. Not discouraged with the persecution at Nazareth, he turned his attention to different towns. He de- clined not the most arduous exertions, but continued to labour from one city and village to another, de- claring the good tidings of salvation, and performing unparalleled acts of mercy. Every where he was followed by immense multitudes, on ‘whom he looked with the most compassionate regard. “ They fainted,” probably with bodily fatigue: but their spiritual state especially, which was most deplorable, excited his tenderest pity. ‘“ They were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd.” Their pre- “tended guides were such as knew not how to direct them, and cared not for their safety. Therefore they wandered in the paths of ignorance and sin, which would infallibly lead them to destruction. Alas! what could be done for them? They discovered an earnest desire to be instructed in the word of life; ‘but there were few to teach it. He exhorted his while you are giving way to captious disputation, ~ 72 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. disciples, then, to offer up fervent prayer that Gi would “ give them pastors according to his o heart.” Their serious attendance upon his minist in such large numbers, was like the promising appeai ances of the fields, which denoted a plentiful harvest but labourers were wanted to reap and gather the valuable produce. And to whom should appli cation be made but to the great Proprietor, wh must be concerned for the event? Petitions, therefore should be addressed to him, to supply the deficiency that, by a suitable provision of diligent and faithfu men, the rich fruit may be secured for himself, an precious souls no longer “ destroyed for lack « knowledge.” 5 Such a tender regard for the spiritual and everlast ing happiness of the human race wasa distinguishin feature in the character of Jesus. This, and th alone, is true benevolence. Where are those, wh feel the same generous principle, the same arden desire to promote the salvation of sinners? Yo then, will rejoice to see the multitudes of poor ig- norant persons, who flock to hear the Gospel preache¢ with plainness and fidelity. Yet you will lament that so few, even of those whose office demands it oi them, labour with assiduity to save immortal crea- tures from destruction. Much of the harvest seems likely to be lost, for want of proper assistance collect it. O, what fervent prayer should you pre sent to God on this account? Pray that He himself would send forth his servants, endued with all suitab! abilities to do his work. He must ordain them te their high function; and He alone can assist a prosper them. Thousands, alas! among us, are *« scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd.” If such be your wretched case, be thankful that there are any who are “ moved with compassion on you,” and who “ watch for your souls.” They desire recover you from your wandering state, to bring you JESUS CHRIST. Ws back to the fold of Christ, and to lead you into his «« sreen pastures,” where are safety and refreshment. Be willing to follow their directions; and, whatever difficulties they may suffer from other quarters, let them meet with no opposition from you, since it is your salvation for which they labour incessantly. You have been “ as sheep going astray;” O “re- ‘turn unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls*!” *® 1 Pet, ii. 25. VOL. IV? Le 74 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. sEcT. 19. Jesus sent forth his twelve Apostles, with miraculous powers, and gave them a solemn charge, Sor their” direction and. encouragement. » One principa! purpose of our Lord’s ministry was to propagate divine truth, and, in particular, to declare and explain the appointed. way of access unto God. But, as his public life was so short, and his labours met with so many obstructions, it became expedient to select some faithful men, furnished with proper instructions, to assist him in the work. He- had already separated twelve persons out of his con- stant attendants, who were to observe his directions, and to be employed as chief officers in his church. He had gradually prepared and fitted them for the apostolic function : but hitherto they had acted only under his immediate notice ; and now, for the first time, he proceeded to send them out upon a circuit | by themselves *. “No man takéth this honour unto hi imself, but he that is called of God+.*, The chosen witnesses of Jesus did not obtrude themselves upon him, but waited hissummons. He, the great Lord of the har-. vest, appoints his labourers to their respective posts, When he had assembled them together, in order to deliver their sacred commission to them, he endowed them with miraculous powers, by which, as unques- tionable credentials, they might rethatinietad their doctrine, and demonstrate its truth. They were * Matt. x. 1, &. xi.1. Mark vi. 7—13. Lukeix.I1—6G. + Heb. v. 4. JESUS CHRIST. B 75 enabled, with a word, to cast out devils, and to cure the most inveterate diseases. F We offer no remarks, in this place, on the names, characters, and connexions of the Apostles, observ- » ing only, in general, that we need not inquire any other reason for their selection than the sovereign will and pleasure of the Lord himself. ‘“ Ye have not chosen me,” said he, “ but I have chosen you*.” And therefore to the most eminent of them the ques- tion might be put, “ Who maketh thee to differ from another? and what hast thou that thou didst not receive}? ” Before their departure, like a tender father. con- cerned for the welfare of his children, whom he is sending out into the world, foreseeing difficulties, ‘Snares, and dangers, he instructed, he warned, he encouraged them, with much solemnity and affection. . He directed them to go in pairs, “ by two and two,” that they might afford mutual support and comfort to each other. At first, their commission was subject to certain limitations. They were to address them- selves only to the house of Israel; nor were they empowered to offer salvation to any other people till, his final separation from them. This was a peculiar honour and favour bestowed upon the Jews: but, alas! how little were they sensible of the privilege ! «« They knew not the time of their visitation.” Do you ask the reason of this marked distinction, or accuse the Saviour of partiality in the distribution of his blessings? He is not accountable to you for any of his matters. He has an indubitable right to do what He will with his own; and, therefore, to send or to withhold his Gospel, as He pleaseth. But what was the grand object of the embassy of the Apostles? Hear the purport of their instructions: “As heralds, proclaim with a loud voice, and with all the zeal and courage which sucha cause demands, * 1 Jobn xv. 16. +1 Cor.iv.7. | / 76 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. that God is now visiting his people in mercy, and about to set up thepromised kingdom of the Redeemer. In attestation of your sacred commission, and of the truth of your doctrine, to prove also that your ministry is designed to answer the most gracious and benevolent purposes, exert the miraculous powers” now intrusted to you, as opportunity shall be given, for the relief of the distressed, and not for your own private emolument, which you must cheerfully renounce.”’ : From this part of the charge, how excellent does the religion of Jesus appear! It brings the most re- viving intelligence, as it “ proclaims the acceptable year of the Lord.” It proposes blessings the most valuable, represented by those supernatural cures which the Apostles wrought and dispensed freely, “without money and without price,” where no recompense can be expected. Shall we not rejoice that ‘the kingdom of Heaven” is come unto us? Or shall we hesitate to receive the gracious declara~ tions of these primitive heralds, who exhibited incon- testable evidence that they were no other than ambassadors from God? We are assured that in crediting their message we “ follow not cunningly- devised fables,” while we perceive that “ God bore them witness both with signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost, accord- ing to his own will*.” We are thankful that their commission, at first so circumscribed, was afterwards enlarged, and that they were commanded to “ go into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature t.” | Otherwise, how would the blessing have been extended to us? But, praised be God, He hath sent his word to the Gentiles, and “ granted to them also repentance unto life + Imagine the twelve standing Yound their Lord, to receive the law at his mouth, while he proceeds in. * Heb. ii. 4. t Mark xvi. 15. + Aets xi. 18. JESUS CHRIST. 77 _ his address, and gives them directions for their con- duct. As they were totally unfurnished for their intended expedition, and without any visible means of subsistence, it is probable that anxious thoughts _might arise in their minds about obtaining the necessary supplies. But thus the Saviour instructed them: “ Of that kind of provision, which men gene- rally make for a journey, you will have no need. Nay, you are forbidden to take such things with you as perhaps you might procure, and prudence might seem to require. You are to expect your constant, support from that God in whose cause you go forth.) “ Upon Him,’ therefore, ‘ cast all your care, for he careth for you ;’ nor doubt that his providence will sustain you, though it should be in an extraordinary way. Some will be disposed to show you kindness ; and you should not scruple to accept your proper maintenance at the hands of those jor whom you labour. “Upon your first entrance into a town, inquire for such persons as are of the best. character.» With them abide, if they are willing to receive you; nor leave them in fickleness or disgust, whatever your accommodations may be ; for you ought not to be so- licitous about matters so trifling as mere convenience, When you are admitted into their houses, pay them all due courtesy and respect ; and, as the ministers of peace, express your good wishes for their peace and comfort. The benediction which you solemnly pronounce shall-rest upon those families which are well affected to my Gospel; but it will not profit such as continue in unbelief. Your prayers, how- ever, though ineffectual for others, will not be lost ; for they shall bring down the blessing of God upon your own heads. A tremendous wo awaits those _who obstinately reject you; and, while you depart from them, you may intimate their awful state by shaking off the dust of your feet, and thus repre- senting the very place as utterly defiled and devoted HS 78 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. to destruction. In the grand, the decisive, day of judgment, those, who have refused to obey the word) of my grace, shall perish with more aggravated ruin than even Sodom and Gomorrah, under the venge- ance of Almighty God.” , nA In this address we discover some discriminating: marks of the faithful preachers of the Gospel in every age. May God raise up among ourselves men of this description, to testify “ the truth, as it is in Jesus!” It becomes them not to be anxious for their own temporal support, much less to covet worldly dignities or sensual indulgences. While they carry, with them a message cf peace and love, they should prove, by the kindness of their deportment, that they wish to promote the happiness of all. Yet, in perfect consistence with this meekness, they should possess such courage and fidelity as “ to de-. clare all the counsel of Ged,” and solemnly to warn contemptuous sinners of impending destruction. Is. the duty of ministers allowed? But do you, to whom they come, consider also what you owe to them and their doctrine? Do you honour their office? Do you seriously regard their exhortations? Possibly a bold and unreserved declaration of the truth may excite your disgust, and draw forth the hidden corruptions of your hearts; at least it will evince your real dis- positions. O beware! Those who long for your sal- vation must admonish you, that you do not, by a scornful rejection of them, bring upon yourselves certain and aggravated condemnation. Though they do not rank themselves with the Apostles, yet the Gospel which they preach has lost nothing of its im- portance or obligation by the course of time ; and. the God of heaven is as much concerned now as ever to vindicate its honour. Most assuredly, therefore, though “ the men of Sodom were sinners before the. Lord exceedingly *,” yet, if you refuse or “ neglect so great salvation,” your guilt is more heinous than * Gen. xiii, 13. : ioe JESUS CHRIST. 79 theirs, and your ererlasting misery will be far more insupporiable. » The Apostles had nothing but violent « Gpiticn _ to expect from the wickedzess of the world, or, rather, from the corruption of human nature. Their gracious Master, therefore, prepared them for it, suggesting, at the same time, various considerations to encourage their hopes, and imvigorate their zeal. He proceeded, in 2 most affecting manner, to the following purpose :— f Though you are going forth at my command, in my name, ‘and under iny protection, you will not. be exempt from enemies. “You are to be meek and in- offensive ; but you will be surrounded by those, who, being of ‘furious dispositions, may endeavour to ha- rass and devour you. It may be right to use every precaution which “prudence may dictate for your own preservation; but beware of ‘ rendering evil f nee evil ;” and learn rather to ‘ suffer long, and be kind.”) “ Knowing the ceneral depravity of men, ast net yourselves in their hands, but be prepared to meet with bitter persecution from them for your attach- ment tome. Witha show of justice, they will bring you to trial in their courts, and condemn you to the most painfel tortures, as the worst of criminals. In this manner you may have oceasion to stand before the great_men cf the earth, and you will embrace the oppartunity, to bear witness of me and of my salva- tion, which otherwise they might not hear of. Such an attestation will be an honour to you, and may prore the means of spiritual benefit to them. Are you dis- couraged by an apprehension that you shall not be able to speak as you ought, in your own justification, before such anditors? You shall be inspired with wis- dem from above; and it shall be immediately sug- gested hy the Holy Ghost what you should advance in vindication of yourselves and the Gospel. _ « Ner shal! your enemies be those only whose re- 80 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | gard you have no peculiar claim to, but even your nearest rélatives in life will rise up with furious and | murderous rage against you. Brethren, parents, and children, will break through the ties of natural affee- tion, while they are opposing and endeavouring to destroy each other, from a hatred of the truth. Such a bitterness of persecution you will meet with” in every place, on account of your cordial regard to me, that you will be held up as the objects of uni- versal detestation. But maintain your integrity, and your firmness in the faith, without wavering; and, whatever you may suffer by the way, the end will bring a glorious recompense. « Resistance may drive you from one city, but immediately carry your message to another. Enough remains to be done, nor will you complete your progress through the various parts of Judea till T-ap- pear, in aw ful visitation, to vindicate my cause against its opponents. ~ « Are you surprised or staggered at being called out to such painful trials? Remember what I, your Lord and Master, have to endure, and what vile reproaches are cast upon my name; and be content se your treatment in the world ‘should resemble mine. Let not your adversaries terrify or discourage aes “for the day is at hand when their malignity and your integrity shall be clearly exhibited, and all these dark dispensations unfolded to your view. In the mean time, keep back nothing through fear or reserve ; but faithfully and publicly proclaim aloud whatever I have revealed to you in secret. Let them condemn you to the severest tortures: you know the utmost that their malicious rage can inflict. They may destroy the life of the hody: but the soul, which is the nobler part, is removed far beyond their r each ; ~so that, though the unanimated flesh be soon. ; to its original dust, the immortal spirit will ven in perfect vigour. | But, oh! dread the thoi JESUS CHRIST. 8l | coming under the indignation of your Almighty So- vereign, whose power extends to another world, and who can render you completely miserable,-both in body and soul, and that throughout all eternity.) “ Be not distressed by the apprehension of such calamitous events as may await you here. The God | of heaven and earth, whose immediate charge you / are, cannot forget or desert you. He exercises an} universal providence; so that he marks and deter-/ mines the situation of every creature, though ever’ so small or worthless, and disposes all their circum- stances as He pleases. You, therefore, who are in a peculiar manner the objects of his care, and most. valuable in his esteem, may cheerfully confide in his) protection. He knows and overrules your minutest. concerns, and on this ground you should possess an: unshaken fortitude in his service. : “ Are you, then, bold and faithful in your profes- sion and defence of my truth? You shall be glo- riously distinguished as my beloved friends, and re- ceive a public approbation, and a high recompense of reward, in the presence of my heavenly Father. But those, who, through shame, cowardice, or any worldly regards, shrink from that open declaration of attachment to me, and from those exertions of duty which my Gospel requires, shall be disowned and rejected, with everlasting abhorrence, for the baseness and malignity of their conduct. “ You may have expected much outward pro- sperity and peace from the coming of the Messiah and the establishment of his kingdom; but the rea consequence will be directly contrary. Though the tendency of my religion be most excellent, yet, through the corruption of man opposing it, ail man- ner of confusion and violence will ensue. The fiercest. contentions between the nearest relatives will take place; so that none, probably, will be so incensed against my faithful servants, as those who ‘may dwell in the same family, and are connected Be os all ¥ 82 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. with them by the — bonds:of friendship and 0 kindred. “It is necessary, then, that you dioald be pie pared for the most painful separation. If there” any one, even parent or child, whose favour you Pater to mine, you can have no proper sense of A worth, or of my Claims upon you; nor ean you posse any part in my salvation. You must be willing” to sacrifice your ease, your reputation, and secular in- — terest, for my sake and the Gospel's, and resolutely — submit to all hi ardships and indignities. I, your — Leader and Commander, go before you, and therefore you should not hesitate to follow me through much — tribulation. Perhaps a violent death may lose your — sufferings here. Be it so. Those who apostatize — from me may lengthen out their existence upon — earth a few days longer ; ; but they shall be destroyed for ever ; while you, Cab may shed your blood in m cause and service, shall live and reign, beyond the” reach of persecutors, in everlasting happiness and — glory. This is enough surely to fix your determix nation, and inspire you with increasing vengrenvs and zeal. « You will sustain an important character ; nor is it a matter of indiiference how you are treated in: the world. I solemnly declare, that whatever kind- - ness is shown unto you, while you are acting im my ~ name, it shall be considered as a mark of unfeigned ~ regard to me and my Father; for you go forth as our — representatives and ambassadors. He who shall cor= dially receive my prophets or ministers for the sake | of that Gospel w ‘hich they preach, or even any faith= ~ ful disciples in private life, from a pure disinterested respect to their character, shall be abundantly repaid ~ for his pious liberality towards them; he shall par= » take with them of that bliss and glory to which they ~ shall shortly be admitted. t diet “« T commend you, therefore, as my dear children,» to the notice of all who are concerned for my cause. — ~ “>. JESUS CHRIST. 83 Hany one shall afford you the least attention or re- freshment by the way,administering only a cup of cold water for your relief, because you belong to me, and are employed in my service, I pledge myself to return that act of kindness in an ample manner. I will not forget, but publicly own, approve, and reward, the la- bours of love which shall be wrought for my name’s sake.” -. Such was the purport of our Lord’s most affecting address to his twelve Apostles, when he sent them forth to evangelize the land. Such tender and ear- nest wishes did he express for their encouragement, support, and success in their arduous work. Having received their commission and the solemn charge, they proceeded, as they were directed, on the mo- mentous expedition. They carried with them from place to place the gracious overtures of reconciliation with God threugh Jesus Christ, and called upon all, without exception, to humble themselves before him, under a conviction of their guilt, and to turn from their evil ways with sincere contrition and renovation of heart. Nor did Jesus himself cease from his own vigorous exertions. He continued to bear part of the burden, and persevered in his progress, that he might — diffuse the knowledge of salvation al! around. While we contemplate the office and character of the Apostles, as here exhibited, we are furnished with strong arguments for the authenticity and salu- tary tendency of the Gospel. Such a plan could never be the contrivance of men: it must be “ the power of God, and the wisdom of God*.” It is also so re- plete with blessings calculated to relieve our wretch- edness, that we need not hesitate to pronounce it “ worthy of all acceptationt.” The subject will like- wise lead us, as we have already intimated, to consider what manner of persons they cought to be in modern times, who are the “ministers of Christ, and stewards of the mysteries of God.” The case of these primi- POW #1: Contin 24 + 1 Tim, t 15. $4 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. tive ambassadors was, in many respects, peculiar. But all those, surely, to whom “ the word of reconciliation | is committed,” should possess the same views and dis- positions which were required in them. hi We may carry the application further, and remark that the holy and. heavenly tempers here imculcated are indispensably necessary, not merely for those who preach, but for those who profess, the Gospel. Though you be not invested with a public office in the church of Christ, yet, as called by his name, you should be meek, gentle, and inoffensive. You must be willing to bear the most ignominious and scornful treatment for the sake of your Lord and Master. You must cheerfully submit to the heaviest calamities, in the way of duty, without distrusting the providence of God; and, in every pos- sible situation, avow your attachment to Christ, whats ever painful consequences you may suffer. You can never be at liberty to deny him, though yeur mest be- loved friends, or those on whom yeu depend for suste- nance, should require you todo it. Let father and mo-+ ther, wife and children, be dear to you, as they ought to be; but let Jesus be dearer than all. He claims and he deserves your cordial and supreme regard. You do not, therefore, understand his excelleney, or your obligations to him, unless you prefer his favour, and the advancement of his glory, to every worldly pos- session or enjoyment, unless you can give up your nearest kindred, your reputation, emolument, ease, or life itself, for his sake, whenever they come in compe= tition. t Where then shall we find such love to the Saviour, such zeal for his name? It is evident that many are totally destitute of these holy principles. Are there not those who are enslaved to sensual pleasures, and determined, as far as possible, to gratify every inclina- tion of their hearts? And to what purpose should we inculcate upon them the necessity of taking up the cross, and following Jesus? they would turn away their ears in contempt or indignation, Yet we must JESUS CHRIST: 85 declare the offensive truth, that “the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life,” are as inconsistent with real Christianity now as they were in primitive times. ‘‘ Whosoever, therefore, will be a friend of the world, is the enemy of God*.” Is it sutiicient to assume expressions of respect, and, with demure appearance, upon your bended knees, to pretend a high regard for the Saviour, while you are afraid to advance one step further in his service than may be agreeable to the general maxims and customs of the place in which you live? Does he not account such compliments an insult more odious to him than an avowed opposition? This temporising spirit is as foolish as it is sinful: it pleads prudence, but it tends to destruction. You may contrive to avoid persecution, and procure applause and. prefers ment among men ; but what will these avail if Jesus disown you? What shame, confusion, and horror, will overwhelm you, when convicted, before the assembled universe, of treating him with insolent contempt ! May we all, therefore, be persuaded to follow him wherever he shall lead, and to undergo all extremi- ties in his service! Why such a regard to present conveniences? Why such fear of our fellow-crea- tures, and distrust of God? Do not these things ar- gue much unbelief, and betray an earthly mind ?>— Let us rise above our little difficulties, and confide in that God who takes care for the very sparrows, and hath numbered the hairs of our heads. - He will not be inattentive to our wants, even in this life, if we be faithful to him: and a glorious reward is laid up in heaven for those who are willing to hazard every con- sequence, from a zealous adherence to his cause. Re- lying on his promise,may we now surrender ourselves and our all to him! Then shall we stand with cons fidence and joy before him at the great day of his sth stags Amen. ; * James iy. 4. j VOL, IV. ‘J r, Se. SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. <, F SECT. 20. Jesus, on the return of his Aposiles, withdrew with them —fed five thousand by a miracle—retired from the multitude—walked on the sea—stilled the tempest— taught in the synagogue at Capernaum—cavilled at by the Jews, and forsaken by many disciples. As we advance in the prosecution of our design,” and contemplate the wonderful acts of the Son of man, we meet with additional proofs of his high dignity, and the perfection of his character. If we fix our at- tentive regard on this bright Luminary, such beams of glory will break forth upon us as willfill and al | most overpower the soul with admiration of his éxcel- lency. When the Apostles returned from the circuit on which they were sent, they brought back to their Lord an account of their ministry, of the miracles they had performed, and the doctrines they had taught*. Immediately he withdrew with them to a solitary place, that they might be relieved from their fatigue, and, probably, that they might retire for the purposes of devotion. This was the more ne- cessary, as the vast crowds of people allowed them no leisure. It is expedient for all, especially for those who are actively employed in the sacred functions of religion, to secure some moments to themselves, by retreating from their public engagements, that both their minds and bodies may be recruited, To obtain the desired privacy, he passed over a part of the sea of Galilee ; and great multitudes, who : * Matt. xiv. 13, &c. Mark vi. 30, &. Luke ix, 10, &c, John vi. 1, &c. . JESUS CHRIST. 87 had observed his departure, followed him with much eagerness, ‘ because they saw his miracles.” They were induced to attend him, many at least, we fear, by no better motives than curiosity or astonishment. The compassionate Jesus, however, upon coming to the shore, where they were ready to receive him, could not look upon them without feeling the most tender concern for their state, remarking, as he had done on a former occasion, that “they were as sheep not haying a shepherd.” On this account, foregoing his intended rest, he began to renew his labours, and went up with them to a mountain, that he might be heard with convenience: there he opened the nature of his kingdom, and manifested his power by restor- ing health and vigour to them that were diseased.— Blessed Jesus! we beseech thee still to look with pity “on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way.” How immense are their numbers, and _ how wretched is their condition! Stretch out thine arm to recover them from the paths of error, and re- veal thy glories to them. Instruct them in thy truth, and take them into thy fold, as the sheep of thy pasture. At the close of the day, the disciples, having no stock of provisions, would have dismissed the people. But Jesus, unwilling to send them away without re- freshment, proposed a distribution of the food which was at hand. Accordingly, at his word, preparations were made for the wondrous entertainment. They were all marshalled in ranks, and seated in the open air upon the grass. But whence shall a sufficient quantity of meat be procured for so large a multitude; as there were present five thousand men, besides wo- men and children? This was, indeed; a severe trial of the faith of his disciples, who were able to produce no greater store than five loaves and two small fishes. These, however, were brought forth, and, in the hands of Jesus, by an all-creating power, they were so mul- 88 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. tiplied as to be more than enough to satisfy the whole company. “ They did all eat, and were filled ;” and, when the fragments were collected, it was found that such had been the miraculous increase, that the re- mainder far exceeded the original provisions. What a grandeur do we perceive in this entertain-— ment, surpassing that which attends the most sump- tuous tables of princes! What a fervour of devotion appeared in the great Master of the feast, while he looked up in prayer for the divine blessing, and taught the people to expect their food from Heaven! What an exalted majesty, mixed with the kindest conde-_ scension, distinguished his behaviour! Was not every one, then, struck with admiration, and disposed to re~ vere and love him? They concluded witheut hesi- tation, and they concluded rightly, “This is of a truth that Prophet that should come into the world.” a7, Do we draw the same inference? There are strong. and convincing reasons which should lead us to it.— When we compare the ancient predictions of the Messiah with the various parts of the life and cha- racter of Jesus, we must allow their accomplishment. — in him, and maintain that he is indeed the promised Saviour. Yet it is possible that the evidence may. constrain us to assent to the fact, even while we re- fuse to give to this Prophet that regard which his. high office demands from us. Are we, then, with pro- found veneration sitting at his feet, and locking to him for instruction? Do we understand or credit the message which he has brought from Heaven? Are we. not strangely perverse and infatuated if we acknow- ledge him to be the Teacher of Israel, the Christ of, God, and yet remain unconcerned about his doctrine ?. Either say at once, He is a base impostor (which few. will dare to assert) ; or else bow with unfeigned sub- mission to him, and pray, “Show me thy ways, O Lord, and teach me thy paths. Make known to me, JESUS CHRIST. 89 the glorious truths of thy salvation ; and speak effec- tually to my heart, for thy servant heareth.” Or, allowing his sacred character, are we afraid to follow him? The miracle we have considered is cal- culated to fix and confirm our dependence upon him, as able to provide for our support, and exercising a tender care for our bodies as well as souls. If we are ever So necessitous, we perceive with what ease he can multiply our store. In a thousand ways, which we cannot foresee, he can furnish our tables with plenty. This very instruction was meant to be con- veyed to us; and, accordingly, the disciples were af- terwards reproved for not remembering the extraor- dinary occurrence to better purpose, when they were apprehensive of wanting bread to eat*. Let us learn, . then, to “cast al] our care upon him,” believing that he will “ feed us with food convenient for us.” The astonished multitude, concluding him to be the Messiah, and expecting, agreeably to their carnal no- tions, that he would set up a temporal dominion, were desirous immediately to invest him with regal honours. But so far from entertaining any ambitious designs, or discovering any ostentation, he took pains to avoid public notice and applause. He now withdrew from them in haste. He directed his disciples, also, to depart, and to cross the lake to Bethsaida: perhaps he was anxious to prevent them from favouring the foolish wishes of the people. In the mean time he himself retired to a mountain for prayer, and spent the chief part of the night in his private devotions. Ah ! how unlike to him are those of his professed followers, who are solicitous to procure and preserve the pomp and power of this present world! Or, what resem- blance to the holy Jesus do those bear, who have no relish for religious solitude, and can spare no time for the exalted purpose of maintaining communion with God? * Matt. xvi. 9. } ai 3 90 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. The disciples were on the sea, where they were overtaken by a storm, and tessed about, for many hours together, upon the boisterous waves. Their situation was distressing: the night was dirk, the water tempestuous, the wind violent and contrary : they had spent their strength in vain with row- ing; dangers threatened them ; and their dear Lord’ and Master was absent. Jesus, however, could not be unmindful of them ; he knew their difficulties, and drew near for their help. He had been retired till near the morning, when he came to them “ walking upon the sea.” How did he convince them of their safety under his protection! How did he encourage them to face every storm, in his service, while they saw the deep itself subject to his command ! So strange was the sight, that, as they imagined it was not possible for a real human body to be supported by the waves, they concluded it was an apparition, and gave way to perplexing fears. But he, to relieve them from their distress, graciously revealed himself, saying, “Be of good cheer; it is 1; be not afraid.” This was enongh. The sound of his voice, speaking © comfort in such awful circumstances, revived and” cheered their hearts. Peter supposed that he also should be able to walk on the boisterous sea, if his- Lord would permit him to attempt it. The leave, which he rashly solicited, was granted, that his for- wardness might be checked by a sad proof of the weakness of his principles. When he felt the vio- lence of the storm, his faith failed, and he began to sink ; so that, if Jesus bad not stretched out his com- passionate hand to save him, he must have perished in the deep. i Jesus then entered the vessel, and restored peace and comfort to his disciples. Immediately the rage of the wind abated, and they were brought to the very point of land which they aimed at. What proofs of power; what marks of dignity were here! Yet what modesty » : re | | Ve JESUS CHRIST. , 91 and condescension appeared in our Lord’s constant de- portment! He did not display his ability in an osten~ tatious manner, or even for his own accommodation. He submitted to travel on foot, with much fatigue, when he could have instantly transported himself to the most distant place. His attendants were filled with inexpressible astonishment, and the more so as they had not duly considered the miracle of the pre- ceding day. They fell down before him, with the strongest emotions of gratitude and love, and with ex- pressions of profound adoration, crying out, “Of a truth thou art the Son of God!’ The inhabitants, also, of the neighbouring coasts, no sooner received in- telligence of him, than they flocked after him with great eagerness, entreating his compassion toward the sick ; and, merely by the touch of his garment, the most inveterate diseases were removed. . Shall not We, likewise, be encouraged to apply to him, who has all power in his hand, and who, in so many instances, has proved himself “mighty to save?” Our faith may be tried, as that of his disci- ples was, and, probably, our weakness will soon be evinced. “Lord, help our unbelief.” He is often pleased to suffer a violent storm to arise, and his people may seem as if they were left alone upon the - deep, toiling in extreme distress, ready to perish.— But he will graciously interpose, in due season, to save'them. He will manifest himself to them, appease the rage of the tempest, quiet their fears, and “ bring them unto their desired haven.” “Oh, that men would praise the Lord for his goodness, and for his wonderful works to the children of men*!” The multitude, who had been desirous that Jesus, - should assume the government, and from whom he had withdrawn, sought after him again with renewed ar- dour. They had travelled far on foot, and then they. crossed the lake in search of him. At length they. * Psal. evii 30,31. 92 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. found him in the synagogue at Capernaum, and, after expressing their surprise at his removal to that place, which they could not account for, they received'a so- lemn reproof for the low and carnal motives upon” which they followed him. The miraculous entertain- ment he had afforded them raised their expectations of his possessing a temporal dominion, and they were still in hopes of exalting and enriching themselves” by his service. A poor reason, indeed, for pretending” an attachmeut to Jesus! Yet, we fear, a regard to'se- cular advantages has been the ground of much of that religious zeal which has been admired in the world. But it is a mean and contemptible principle. He called upon them, therefore, to turn their attention from the’ care of the perishable body to that of the immortal soul, and to employ their utmost eagerness and dili- gence for the attainment of those blessings, which would remain for ever. He declared, also, that he himself, as “ the Son of man,” had received a commis- sion, from God the Father, freely to bestow this eter- - nal happiness and glory. ‘They professed an earnest desire to do the will of God ; and therefore our Lord asserted the necessity of believing on the Saviour, as a duty indispensably requisite above all others, the grand injunction of the new dispensation, and the appointed method of ac- ceptance with God. His words implied that he was the Christ whom they should receive. Yet many of them were unwilling to admit his claims, and in- solently demanded his credentials, as if he had already exhibited none which deserved regard. He had per- formed various miracles in their neighbourhood, of which they must have had authentic information ; and their own eyes had seen unquestionable proofs of his divine mission: and still they presumed to ask, «What dost thou work?” Unbelief is always unrea- sonable ; it cavils at the plainest testimonies, and de= termines never to be satisfied. We need not, there- JESUS CHRIST. 93 - fore, be surprised at the outcry for stronger evidence, as it is generally made by those whom no evidence will _ convince. It was intimated to Jesus that his miracles were far inferior to those of Moses, who had fully demon- strated his sacred character and legation by support- ing their ancestors in the wilderness with manna from heaven. He replied that the Lord God was then dispensing to them bread infinitely more excellent than that which Moses had been the means of com- municating, and that this bread was no other than the very person who had descended from the highest heavens, for the purpose of giving life to a perishing world. The extraordinary and important declaration probably impressed the minds of some of his audience, and constrained them to cry out, though they compre- hended not the full import of their own words, “Lord; evermore give us this bread!” ‘There cannot be a more suitable petition for ourselves to offer up: only let us understand and feel its meaning. Who is not anxious to preserve life? What immense pains are taken to procure that sustenance which merely sup- ports the body! And shall we not he solicitous to gain a happy existence beyond the grave? Are we told that Ged has graciously made provision for this very end in the Gospel of his Son? And shall we not, instead of proudly and petulantly quarrelling with it, seriously inquire into its nature, and the method in which the benefit may be conveyed? Such a dispo- sition, surely, becomes our character and situation. Let us hear, then, the further instructions of Jesus on this most interesting subject. He declared explicitly, and without reserve, that he himself is that spiritual food on which our ever- lasting salvation depends; that by faith alone the blessing is obtained ; and that the believer, in a sins cere application to him, shall be delivered from those — carnal desires which can never he satisfied, and shall G4 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. . find his soul contented and delighted in him. still he observed that many of those, who then saw hi with their eyes, and had the best opportunity of amining his pretensions, contemptuously rejected the gracious offer. How shall this be accounted for? The true reason is assigned by our Lord. In our fallen and depraved state, such is our natural blind- ness, pride, and love of the world, that we are all un= willing to accept the salvation provided, by submit- ting to Jesus, and fixing our whole reliance upon him. Yet, that the glorious plan of redemption may not be defeated by ‘our folly and perverseness, God hath secured a people for himself by his own covenant ; and these, under the strong influence of his Spirit, abandon their opposition to Jesus, and bow before him with an unreserved subjection, thankful to partake of mercy in the appointed way. We adore that power, which hath wrought effectually in all them that be= lieve. While we admire the change, we confess and praise the free and sovereign grace of our God, which hath produced it. But, lest this high and mysterious doctrine should” be abused, or any humble penitents be discouraged, Jesus also declared his readiness to receive the appli- cations of all who come, in all possible circumstances, and solemnly pledged his word that no objection whatever should prevail against them. This he con-~ firmed by remarking that the final salvation of his people was the very end for which he had left the glory of heaven, and that it was also the grand object of his Father’s counsels. On this ground he instructed them to expect from him the completion of their hap- piness in an everlasting’ state, and promised, again and again, that, though their bodies must go down to the dust, the grave should not detain them -for ever, but that his arm would rescue them from death at the last day. Will not these assurances suffice’us? Jesus possesses all fulness of grace for the recovery JESUS CHRIST. G5 of them that are lost. The invitation is sent to ail, without exception: the offer is freely made to those who sincerely desire it ; and all obstructions are re- moved but those which sinners themselves obstinately continue to throw in the way. What more do you wish for than a favourable acceptance? Why then do you remain at a distance from him, since he bids you to draw nigh, and engages to give you a cordial wel- come? ‘There is no decree which can exclude you from his mercy, if only you will submit to his pro- posals. His hand is stretched out to communicate his blessings ; and his bowels yearn with compassion toward every poor supplicant who is humbled at his feet. : . Jesus having spoken in high terms of his descent from heaven, and of the benefits to be derived from himself, the Jews, who were not acquainted with his divine extraction, and -supposed him to be no more than the son of Joseph, his reputed father, began to cavil at his expressions. To silence their objections, and turn their attention to themselves, he replied to the following effect :— “ Instead of indulging a captious disposition, se- riously consider your own awful circumstances, and implore direction and assistance from above. For, such is the natural ignorance and perverseness Of man in his fallen state, that he cannot be induced to seek or accept salvation in my name, but by the powerful operation of God upon his mind. Your own prophets have instructed you to ask and expect this very influence ; and every one who has obtained it will acknowledge my claims, and yield me av un~ feigned submission. In this way only my blessings are to be secured. Mistake me not, as if the Father would manifest himself in a visible manner: He speaks to you by him who is come from his immediate presence; and I, his faithful Witness, declare with the most solemn and repeated asseverations, that he, 7 96 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. who places his whole affiance upon me, is received’ into the divine favour, and possesses a sure title to eternal happiness. « T am, therefore, that bread, which alone can af- ford true sustenance to your souls. How far supe- rior to the manna by which your ancestors were sup-_ ported! That was the means of preserving their ex- istence in this world only for a short season; whereas the spiritual food which I propose will effectually se- cure you from perishing for ever. I myself am that food, of which the manna was a faint and imperfect representation: I came down from the highest hea- vens to communicate everlasting life to all those, throughout the whole world, who by faith shall par- take of the sacred provision. For this very purpose I have assumed a human body, which I shall shortly offer up as an expiatory sacrifice, to rescue sinners from deserved ruin, and procure for them the posses- sion of endless felicity.” Declarations so strong, so new, and mysterious, excited various sentiments in the minds of the Jews, who, therefore, began to dispute with each other con- cerning them. Through their carnal and perverse dispositions they could not comprehend how Jesus could “ give them his flesh to eat.” Probably most of them were disposed to deride the doctrine as alto- gether absurd. But he proceeded to confirm it by the most express and vehement assertions, without deignivg to answer every cavil which a proud objector might bring. «« However you may scorn the warning, I solemnly assure you that you are totally destitute of real spi- ritual life, unless you. be quickened by believing on the Son of man, as suffering and dying for you*. He * Tt would be doing the utmost violence to language to explain our Lord’s expressions in any other sense than as referring*to his intended sacrifice of himself. If he be no more than a teacher of virtue, and if he save us only by his good instructions, with what JESUS CHRIST. OT surrenders up his body to the most violent tortures, and consents to shed his blood); and the benefits of this atonement will be communicated to you through faith. As the common food of your bodies must be received, that it may afford the necessary sustenance, so must you feast upon the sacrifice which my death will make, in order to derive from it true nourish- ment and vigour to your souls. The man who thus maintains an habitual regard to me, as his grand and sole support, ‘ who eateth. my flesh and drinketh my blood,’ possesses the principle of immortal life within him, and I engage to raise his very dust from the grave in a glorified state. He is furnished with an entertainment more delightful than the most sumptuous provisions can be to the senses. He is joined to me by a mysterious and inseparable union, which even resembles that of the eternal Father and the incarnate Son, and by virtue of which his soul shall be sustained and invigorated, through the con- stant communications of the Spirit. So far, then, does the heavenly manna surpass, in its excellent ei- fects, that miraculous food which was granted to your progenitors in the wilderness. That imparted a be- propriety of speech could he talk of giving his flesh to eat. and his blood to drink? This figure, doubtless, must be understood as representing his death, and our salvation as resulting from it, agree- ably to those ether declarations of the Sciptures, which ascribe our redemption to his blood. Allowing the reference te his atonement, the whole appears consistent, and demands our most serious regard ; but otherwise it must be thought strange and incongruous. The Loid’s supper was not at this time instituted ; and there- fore, though many of the expressions may be properly accemmo- dated to that sacrament, which is an emblematical representation of the flesh and blood of Christ given to us as our spizitual food and sustenaace, yet we are not warranted in drawing any conclu- sions from the passage before us with respect to the efticacy of that ordinance. Tinose who communicate by faith do indeed eat the flesh and drink the blood of Christ, and they are vitally united to hint. But the hare participation of the outward elements proves not a believing application to the Saviour, nor does it necessarily implant or increase the divine principle of life in the soul, VOL. Iv. K 98 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. _ nefit comparatively mean in its nature, and short in its continuance ; but this, which is now exhibited, will secure life and happiness of the most exalted kind, and durable as eternity.” Such was the purport of our Lord’s address to the Jews, and it is equally interesting to us as it was to them. Have we seriously considered it, and the im- portant doctrines it involves? What impressions, then, are produced in our minds? Are we, like them, disposed to murmur, because Jesus claims such an exalted dignity? Or are we inclined to enter into curious speculations, and dispute against the plain as- sertions of the Bible, because they contain some things which baffle our comprehension? How presumptuous is such a spirit! Rather let us consider our blindness and extreme depravity, and suspect our own conclu- sions. Let us fervently implore those divine influ- ences which God hath promised, and- which the wisest and best of men continually need. Our under= standings must be illuminated, truly to discern the appointed method of salvation in the Gospel; our carnal prejudices and affections must be subdued, that our objections against it may be effectually silerigedd ; and our wills must be brought under a holy bins ,4 that we may y yield a cordial compliance. ' Jesus is exhibited as the heavenly manna, which pba can nourish our souls to life eternal: Have we ; ‘made use of him in this character? He condescended | to be made “ partaker of flesh and blood,” that, dying in our nature, he might expiate our guilt: Have we fixed our regard upon him as our atoning sacrifice ? It is solemnly declared, that, without a real. partici- pation of Christ hy feith, we must remain in a state of spiritual death Have we been sufficiently aware of the absolute necessity of believing? It is not enough that we give a cool assent to this fact, that Jesus hath died for’ us; but we must place our whole reliance upon him, and expect pardon, peace, and everlasting — JESUS CHRIST. 99, glory, as obtained for us by his blood: Do we con- stantly maintain such a temper of mind towards him - Great and blessed are the effects of this humble and cordial application to the Saviour: Can we testify of their reality and excellence? Do we daily feed on the , sacred sustenance here provided for us, and find in it: the most exquisite delight? Are we sensible of any communion between Jesus and our own souls? And do we derive from him refreshment when we are weary, strength when we faint, and comfort when we are - oppressed with troubles? If this be our case, we may . rejoice in the confidence that he will bring us forth at» the general resurrection with triumph and exceeding” joy, and grant us a sure abode in his own glorious, _ presence for evermore. Such a free declaration of the mysteries of faith, and especially such a particular application of them to the consciences of the hearers, will generally ex- -eite offence ; nor should the ministers of Christ be surprised at that effect, when they observe the recep- tion which their Master met with. Many, even of his professed friends and disciples, began to cavil at his doctrine as harsh and unintelligible. He per- ceived their inward dissatisfaction, and replied to the very objections which they were afraid to utter. He intimated that he should soon return to heaven, from whence he had come down; and that his ascension, which might puzzle them as much as what he had asserted, would prove the justice of his claims. To prevent their abuse of the subject, he guarded them against a literal acceptation of his words, and directed them to the spiritual sense, in which alone they could be understood with profit. But he remarked, that, as he had been aware of their secret unbelief from the very first, he had insisted on divine influences, as necessary to remove the opposition of their hearts against them. Ls om that time, many, who had long followed him, % z 100 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. perceiving, probably, that their hypocrisy was detect- ed, totally withdrew, and returned no more. Nay, such was the desertion, that it might seem as if the very twelve were staggered, and ready to depart. Jesus, therefore, called upon them to declare expli- citly whether they would abide with him or no, that so their service might not appear to be constrained, but voluntary. The most distant proposal, however, of apostatizing from the Saviour, will ever strike the sincere believer with horror. Accordingly, Peter stood forth, as the mouth of the Apostles, maintain- ing their immoveable attachment to him, and stead- fast dependence upon him for eternal life ; rejecting, © also, with fixed resolution, the thought of forsaking him, as big with misery and ruin. This was, indeed, a good confession. Yet, that they might still exer- cise a holy jealousy, and not be shaken in their minds by what would soon take place among themselves, he intimated that even in their small company, which he had selected- for his own peculiar society, there was one person who possessed so malignant a disposi- tion,’ as to resemble the devil himself. Ah! what terror, what distressing inquiries, must this excite among them! Is it any objection, then, to the Christian chtrch at the present day, that it contains many unsound members? False-hearted professors are to be expected at all times; but, in general, some temptation or other will occur, which will manifest their insincerity. Frequently they are offended by the plain dealing of their ministers ; and it is no wonder that they depart from. those who suspect them of hypocrisy. How awful is their case! ‘ It had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness¥”” May the example awaken the attention of all who bear the Christian name! Happy those who are preserved unshaken, in the midst of numerous apostates. We * 2 Pet. ii 21. JESUS CHRIST. — 101 ask, then, of what kind is your attachment to Jesus? « Will ye also go away?” Are you, “ who seemed to be pillars, moved from your hope?” You must, indeed, be left to your own cheice; but we entreat you to form that choice deliberately, with a full view of all the consequences before you. If you depart from Christ, to whom can you betake yourselves? Is there any other refuge? Are “the words of eternal life” to be found any where besides? We exhort you, then, that, whatever difficulties may arise, you would not “ dee back unto perdition,” but “with purpose of heart cleave unto the Lord” 102 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 21. Jesus replied to the cavils of Pharisees—cautioned the people against them—tried and commended the faith of a woman of Canaan—wrought many cures—fed jour thousand by a miracle—opposed by Pharisees and Sadducees—restored sight to a blind man at Bethsaida—declured his character, and foretold his passion, to his disciples, requiring them also to suffer with him. Tuovucu we are informed of many minute occur- rences in the life of Jesus, yet many are concealed from us. We are not told whether he was present at the celebration of the passover, which succeeded the transactions recorded in the preceding section. But it is probable that, at that season of national con- course, various reports of Him, who engaged uni- versal attention, were carried from Galilee to Jeru- salem, and that these excited the envious displeasure of the public and most distinguished teachers of re- ligion. It is certain, however, that many of that description, the Scribes and Pharisees, went down from the city, and, as it is likely, to Capernaum, though at a considerable distance, for the express purpose of collecting some grounds of accusation, or of bringing him into discredit with the people*. These men, with all their pretences to sanctity, were the most violent opposers of the Saviour, and were evidently actuated by the basest motives in their conduct towards him. They discovered great zeal by taking so long a journey ; but it was ima bad cause. * Matt. xv. 1—20. Mark vii. 1—23. JESUS CHRIST. 103 Nor is it uncommon for those who resist the truth to be at immense pains and expense for the accomplish- ment of their purposes, and even to suppose that they are “ doing God service,” at the very time they are filled with enmity against him. Persons so disposed will seldom be at a loss for ob- jections. Something or other, in the most exemplary _ behaviour, will appear censurable to the envious and malicious eye. What cause of complaint, then, did _ these insidious adversaries find against the holy Jesus? They upbraided him with the contempt which his disciples showed for their traditions in eating without first washing their hands. How ridiculous and how palpable was their hypocrisy, who laid such stress on outward purifications, and perceived not their need of inward sanctity ! Men are ever prone to depend on a strict observance of rites and ceremonies, even of their own invention, and to substitute them for “ the power of godliness,” or to imagine that these will compensate the neglect of the most express moral injunctions. Jesus, therefore, convicted them of their glaring in- consistency in preferring their superstitious institu- tions to the absolute precepts of God. He produced one instance, in which they virtually abrogated the fifth commandment; for they excused those, who, through a false pretext of piety, and of devoting their substance to God, refused to relieve their aged parents in distress. They accounted it sufficient to say, “ We have bound ourselves by a vow to give our money to the treasury, or some sacred use, and are therefore freed from the obligation of contributing to the sup- port of our father or our mother.” It is indispensably required that we “ learn first to show piety at home, and to requite our parents ; for that is good and acceptable before God *.” We can- not, therefore, credit their professions of religion, who violate so plain and strict an injunction ; nor can any *] Tim. v. 4. 104 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. sacrifices to God, however costly, be accepted in lieu of this important duty. Yet in many such ways did these corrupt teachers flatter their deluded followers. Our Lord observed that their vile dissimulation was accurately described by one of their own prophets. For, like those of old, they “ drew near to God with . their mouth, and with their lips did honour him, but removed their heart far from him *.” And do none of modern times resemble them? Have we not those, who with a rigorous exactness insist on the particular distinctions of their own party, and institutions of merely human authority, while they allow themselves: to transgress, in various instances, the eternal rules of righteousness, and suppose that their ceremonial scrupulosity or religious zeal will be a sufficient vin- dication of their conduct? Ah! what will avail the most specious pretences to devotion before that God, who “ desireth truth in the inward parts?” “In vain do we worship him,” if we offer him only the service of the lips, or attempt to substitute any observances ‘instead of that holy obedience which he requires. This was a proper occasion (and Jesus therefore embraced it) to warn the people not to be misled by such ignorant expounders of the law, and to show them that the depravity of the heart is the grand source of impurity, which renders us defiled in the sight of God. The Pharisees, offended with his plain reproofs, and confounded in their designs, had gone away in disgust. On that account, the disciples in private expressed their fears for the consequence ; but he bad them not to be disturbed by those perverse opposers of the truth, inasmuch as both they, and. their infatuated followers, would soon be overwhelmed with final and remediless destruction. It is an awful case when those who know not the way to heaven undertake to be public instructors. How fatal the effects to themselves and others! The * Isa, xxix. 13. JESUS CHRIST. 105 deceived and the deceiver, however they may flatter and be’ flattered, shall perish together. Let us not, therefore, blindly and implicitly submit to the opi- nions and dictates of men, though they may bear a respectable character, or even fill the highest stations in the church; but let us form our judgment, not from human decisions, but from “ the law and the testimony,” since, whoever may be our teachers, we must answer for ourselves before the bar of God. The declarations of our Lord were not well under- stood even by his own disciples. Having reproved them, therefore, in secret, for their dulness of com- prehension, he affirmed in plainer terms that the heart is the seat and source of all moral pollution, that the food which is received for the proper nourishment of the body brings no defilement upon the soul, but that the man is rendered unclean and offensive before God only in consequence of his inward depravity, and that which proceeds from it. This is a doctrine which calls for deep humiliation and constant circumspection. It is easy to eat with clean hands, but would that purge the conscience? Ah! ‘ Who can say, I have made my heart clean ; Iam pure from my sin*?” Accord- ing tothe description which Jesus here gave, our fallen nature is so fruitful of evil, that it puts forth, as its common produce, all manner of impurity. Herts we are taught to account for the various kinds of iniquity in the world. Corrupt reasonings, irregular desires, sensual affections, lewdness, violence, dishonesty, ayva~ rice, malevolence, treachery, env y> pr ofaneness, pride, and folly, have bit one and the same origin: “they come from within.” What then shall we think of the fountain which sends forth such filthy streams? How suitable is the confession of Job, “ Behold, Iam vile!” How exactly adapted to our case is that gracious promise of the new covenant, “I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean :—a new heart * Prov. xx. 9. ; 106 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. also will I give you, and a new spirit will J put within ou*.” ve Fae 7 Jesus, withdrawing from the observation of his malicious enemies, went into the neighbourhkoud of Tyre and Sidon, which was a remote part of the landt. Here, for proper reasons doubtless, he sought to con- ceal himself, but found it impracticable. He was. soon discovered, and applied to for relief ; but his visit is distinguished only by one little eceurrence, which exhibits a character very opposite to that we have seen in the Pharisees. A poor distressed woman, not “ of the stock of Israel,” but descended probably. from the ancient Canaanites, is here produced as a surprising instance of the rich grace of God: and it is likely too that her case was intended to intimate that mercy would shortly appear for the outcasts of the Gentiles. She had heard of the wonderful works of Jesus, from which, it should seem, she believed him to be the very Saviour whom the Jews were taught to expect from the family of David. Under this con- viction she had recourse to him, in behalf of her be- loved daughter, who was grievously afflicted with a demoniacal possession. She implored his kind inter- position for her child, and urged her request with peculiar ardour. The case was truly pitiable: but the behaviour of Jesus on this occasion was somewhat singular. We have hitherto observed him attentive to every ery of distress, and ready to render his assistance wherever it was solicited. But now he appeared totally regard- less of the importundate supplicant, and returned no answer toher prayer. After some time, the disciples interceded for her, perhaps through real compassion, or being wearied with her incessant cries. Yet even this application seemed to meet with an absolute re~ fusal, because the immediate objects of his commission were “ the lost sheep of the house of Israel,” and not * Ezek. xxuvi. 25,26. ++ Matt.xv.21—29. Mark yii. 24, &c. JESUS CHRIST. 107 *€ sinners of the Gentiles.” What, then, could be al- leged in her behalf? She determined not to give up’ her petition, but rather to press it with greater ear- nestness, though she had nothing to plead but her misery. She cast herself at his feet, in adoration of his power and grace, exclaiming, with evident expres- sions of inward anguish, and yet of entire reliance upon him, “ Lord, help me.” Still the Saviour ap- peared deaf to her entreaties, and even to reject her with contempt; for he replied, that the Jews, as children of the family, had a prior claim to his re- gard, and that it would be improper to cast their bread to “ the dogs ;” such being the low estimation in which the Gentiles were held. _ From this severe repulse we might have considered her case as desperate; but she, with unshaken de- pendence, ‘against hope believed in hope.” Her difficulties increased her ardour, so that she turned the very objections urged against her into an argu- ment in her own favour. Allowing the justness of our Lord’s allusion, and that she deserved to be treated no otherwise than the dogs, she begged per- mission to gather some crums under the Master’s table, which the children would not use; intimating that, as his grace was so large, like the provisions of a rich entertainment, some small portion of it might be extended to her, worthless as she was, without in- jury to his peculiar people. We might possibly accuse the Saviour of acting with rigorous cruelty towards this poor woman ; but the close of the narrative unfolds the reasons of his conduct. Though for some time he appeared unre- lenting and inexorable, yet at length his compassion broke forth ; and then it was found that he had with- held from her the desired mercy only that he might exercise her faith, for its further increase, and ex- hibit it to public view for the instruction and encou- ragement of others. When, therefore, she had given eS a 4 | full proof of her unfeigned humility, and firm reliance upon him, he no longer frowned, but granted her ti h 168 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. tition in the most gracious manner: he declared warmest approbation of her principles, and assure her of the perfect and instantaneous ‘recovery of her daughter. ’ What, then, do we learn from this incident? We ‘hear of Jesus ; but do we believe him to be “ the Son ' of David,” the « Lord,” who can “ have mercy on us?” Have we no request to make, no blessing to implore from him? Let us pray with importunity, and take no denial. Perhaps he may deal with us as he did with the woman of Canaan, by seeming to disregard our distress, and to reject our suit with disdain. But let not this apparent neglect deter us: though re- pulsed again and again, let us renew our application with fresh ardour, and doubt not a happy issue. He may require us to wait long for the very mercy which he means to bestow. In the mean time, we are to manifest our dcep contrition, and the strength of our confidence in his power, faithfulness, and love. Nay, though our guilt and depravity may be urged against US, as s rendering us unsuitable objects for the Saviour’s notice, we may solicit him the more earnestly to glo- rify himself in our deliverance. But, ah! how much impatience do we discover! How hardly do we bear the least delay ! How soon do we give up our expect- ation in despondency, as if “ the mercy of God were clean gone for ever, and his promise had failed’ for evermore!” How wretched, then, would be our con dition, if he should treat us according to our own un~ believing apprehensions ! ' Jesus, having left the neighbourhood of Tyre and Sidon, came near to the sea of Galilee, where he ascended a mountain, probably for the purpose of in< structing the multitudes who followed him. Here the case of one deprived entirely of his hearing, and almost of his speech, was submitted te him; nor was ’ JESUS CHRIST. ! 109 his help implored in vain. Devoutly looking up in prayer, and then pronouncing the word with peculiar ‘majesty, he instantly restored the obstructed faculties to their proper functions. That he might avoid ostentation, or that he might not provoke the malice ‘of his enemies, he desired the matter to be concealed from public notice ; but the cure appeared so wonder- ful, that it was soon proclaimed abroad, and all ex- pressed their admiration of his character, saying, “« He hath done all things well.” Nor was this the only miracle which he performed there. Many other infirm and diseased persons were ‘brought ‘and cast at his feet, who excited his pity, and experienced his power to heal*. These astonish- ing events could not but make a deep impression on the minds of the people, who ‘therefore “ glorified the God of Israel” for his gracious interposition. ‘And shall we hear of them with a careless indif- ference? Shall we not be induced, from such proofs ‘of the strength and mercy of our Redeemer, to trust, and love, and praise, and serve him? Shall we not perceive herein the performance of ancient promises, and bless God, who “ hath remembered his holy covenant, and raised up an horn of salvation for us?” The dignity of Jesus was displayed in other in- stances. Again he put forth his creative power, as on a former occasion, to supply the necessities of those who attended his ministry. Moved with com- passion for the people, who had continued with him three days together, and were then quite destitute of food, and many of them at a distance from their own homes, he furnished a table for them in the open fields. He directed his disciples to impart to them their own provisions. These were seven loaves and a few small fishes; but, poor as the stock was, it was sv increased in the distribution, that four thou- sand persons, besides women and children, were fed ' * Matt. xv. 30, &c. Mark viii. 1—10. VOL. IY, L 110 . SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. and satisfied. The remains of this miraculous feast, as of the former, exceeded the original store, seven baskets of fragments being gathered up. He has afforded us sufficient encouragement, surely, to de- pend upon him for our daily bread. Only let us fol- low him in the way of duty, and he will not suffer us to “ want any good thing.” He “ giveth food to all flesh ;” nay, “ the earth is his, and the fulness there- of ;” so that he can, without difficulty, supply all our need. He has instructed us also, we perceive, to be frugal in the midst of plenty, and not to lavish, by an useless profusion, what his bounty bestows. In every case it is proper to “ gather up the fragments, that nothing be lost.” Having dismissed the multitude, he crossed the sea to the coasts of Magdala. Here a fresh attack was made upon him by a company of Pharisees and Sadducees united, who wished to insnare him*. These men were as repugnant to each other in their principles. as possible, the former being superstitious in the extreme, the latter perfectly licentious ; but they came together to tempt Jesus. We see that persons of opposite tempers, of different sentiments, and of adverse parties, who cordially hate one another, can lay aside their animosities for a season, and forget. their mutual malevolence, that they may join their strength and interest in acting against Christ. These subtle antagonists, like modern infidels, objected to the sufficiency of his evidence, and demanded of him another sort of attestation than what he had yet given. They desired “ a sign from heaven,” intending, pro- bably, some splendid appearance in the skies. Butis it not the height of pride and insolence for sinners to prescribe unto God what measures of conduct he should pursue, what kind of a revelation he should afford them,-or by what particular testimonies it should be confirmed? Men presumptuously despise * Matt. xvi. 1—1]2.. Mark viii. 11 —21 JESUS CHRIST: lil and reject the plain and incontestable proofs by which he has evinced the truth of his Gospel, and arrogantly call for those which he has wisely denied, and which would be ineffectual to convince them. - Many discover an acute discernment in their atten- tion to worldly things, who betray the gressest igno- rance and stupor in spiritual concerns. They will also transact their secular affairs with confidence, where they have nothing to depend on but mere con- jecture, and yet hazard their eternal salvation while _ they are petulantly objecting to the infallible creden- tials of the holy Scriptures. Such was the case of those captious disputants who attacked the Saviour : and on this ground he reproved their inconsistency in forming an accurate judgment of the weather, and obstinately refusing to “discern the signs of the times.” He then declared, with deep distress for their awful state, that no such evidence as they de- ‘sired would be granted, except it were his own resur- ‘rection on the third day; and then he left them to themselves, departing to the opposite side of the lake. Let their case stand as a solemn admonition to those who study to invalidate revelation by their subtle arguments. Alas! while you are debating, Jesus may entirely withdraw himself from you, and give you up to corrupt reasonings, and confirmed obduracy of heart. When they had crossed the sea, the disciples of Jesus were distressed to find that they had nearly exhausted their whole stock of provisions. Their Master, to turn off their attention to a more profit- able subject, cautioned them to “ beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees,” intending thereby to guard them against the dangerous opinions of those false teachers, whom he had lately combated. But they were so anxious about their bodily susten- ance, that they considered him only as directing them what bread they were to avoid. He reproved them, “3 112 SCRIPTURE CHSEAPTERE: therefore, very sharply, for their dulness of compre- hension in spiritual things, and for their distrusting fears of wanting food to eat, after having twice seen, as they had done, thousands supported by a miracle. . Do not most of our own painful apprehensions arise from our ignorance and unbelief, and from a forget- fulness of the Lord’s gracious interpositions in our favour? Oh! what shame and confusion belong to us, because we have profited no more by our ast experience ! Jesus then declared explicitly that he meant to guard them against those corrupt doctrines of his op- posers, which might be compared to leaven. How: insinuating, how “infectious, is error! How soon it spreads its influence, though often imperceptibly! Are we aware of the dangerous consequence of ad- mitting it? Or do we foolishly imagine that all opi- nions are equally safe? Are there no fatal mistakes, in our own days, of which we should be suspicious ? Yes, there never was a time when such a caution was — more necessary. Take heed, then, that ye be not “ carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive*.” Jesus came to Bethsaida, where he was requested to extend his compassion to a blind man}. He — readily consented; and yet he chose not to perform the miracle ele the confines of the town, nor would he suffer the person to return thither, to publish his case ; which might be intended as a mark of bis dis- pleasure against the unbelievi ing inhabitants. Many of the astonishing effects of his power and grace at this time also are purposely concealed from the ob- servation of sinners, who would be disposed to treat them with contempt and derision. But the day is approaching when all his wonderful works, and the. excellency of his character, shall be made known to * Eph. iv. 14. + Mark viii. 2226. > JESUS CHRIST. 113 the assembled universe, to the uhspeakable joy of faithful people, and the confusion of his enemies. When he had withdrawn the man to a little di- stance from the city, he restored his sight, though in agradual manner. At the first touch of the Saviour, some faint glimmerings of light were conveyed to the darkened eyes, so that things were perceived very obscurely, and men appeared “as trees walking.” But, upon the second touch, every object was seen distinctly. In each one of his miracles, Jesus ex- hibited his divine perfections: but he did not confine himself to a particular mode of operation. In some _ instances, we apprehend, the full blaze of day was suddenly poured in upon the blind; but here was a regular advance from one degree of clearness to another. It is the same in spiritual concerns. He alone “ giveth light and understanding to the simple ;” but the methods of his grace are different in different persons. We must not dictate to him, nor set up the case of any Christian as a standard to which-that of all others must be accommodated. Some are in- stantaneously “ called out of darkness into marvellous light ;” whilst many attain, by a slow progress, to the knowledge of the truth. The least measure of divine illumination is an earnest for good. It is like the twilight of the morning, which announces the rising of the sun. Though much obscurity, therefore, may attend your present views, be encouraged to wait upon the Saviour, in hope of receiving a more distinct perception. “ The path of the just is as the shining we that shineth more and more unto the perfect ay eo Jesus now changed his situation, and betook him- self to Cesarea-Philippi, in the northern extremity of Judea t. In that neighbourhood, being retired with his disciples, he inquired of them what were the ge- * Prov. iv. 18. : + Mait. xvi. 13) &c. Mark viii 27, &c.ix. 1. Luke ix. 18—27. L 3 114 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. neral sentiments of men concerning him. When in-' formed that he was thought to be either John the Baptist, or some one of the ancient prophets, who was risen from the dead, he urged them to declare their own opinion of his character. To this there could be no other answer from his own attendants than what Peter immediately returned in the name of the rest, “‘ Thou art the Christ, the Son of the. living God.” The confession was explicit; de-_ cided, and ingenuous; and Jesus pronounced the favoured Apostle who made it peculiarly blessed, as. having received his knowledge, not by his natural abilities! or any human aid, but by divine communi- cation. Then having asserted the infallible security of his church against all assaults of the powers of darkness, he promised to use Peter as a principal in-. strument in building that sacred edifice, and settling the concerns of his government. This amounted to a clear and explicit avowal that he was indeed the Saviour, possessed of supreme authority; but: it passed only in private; and, from motives of pru- dence, he charged them not to divulge the matter till the proper season. What are our conclusions respecting the extraor- dinary Character before us? Do we know him to be the Christ? Let us not presume on our own sagacity, the advantages of education, or any assistance from. men, but implore the divine influence upon our minds, « that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father * of glory, may give unto us the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him*.” Or are we grounded on the only sure foundation, “ the Rock, - which cannot be moved? Then let us exult in our high privileges; and, trusting to the promise, let us defy the fiercest attacks of our most malicious enemies. Jesus, having expressly acknowledged his seal ie * Eph. i. 17. JESUS CHRIST: 115 _Yacter, began to speak to his disciples with less re- serve concerning himself, and the particular means by which he should accomplish redemption for his peo- ple. He, therefore, plainly foretold his approaching sufferings, death, and resurrection. But such a Sa- viour they had not looked for; and the declaration staggered their faith. Peter, in particular, with his usual forwardness, dared to object to the scheme, as unworthy of his Master, and to dissuade him from it. This brought upon him a sharp rebuke, for he had evidently betrayed very low and carnal conceptions of the kingdom of Christ, and appeared even as an ac- complice of Satan, in opposing his Lord’s designs. Let us seek for proper views of the way of salvation. If Peter was acting a diabolical part, when he tempted Jesus to relinquish the end for which he came into the world, let us be well established in this fundamental article of our creed, that “we have redemption through his blood,” and that “ he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself *.” From this circumstance Jesus was led to address, not his disciples only, but the multitude at large, on the necessity of being willing to suffer with him. Let us attend to his solemn declarations ; for they concern ourselves. Do we profess a regard to him? He exhorts us to enter upon a strict.course of self- denial; and to submit to extreme difficulties, even to martyrdom itself, in his cause. We must testify a grateful sense of his love, and a pure desire to promote his glory, by sacrificing ease, interest, reputation, and life itself, when we are required, for his sake. An inordinate attachment to present enjoyments will ruin us for ever ; but a cheerful renunciation of every thing dear and valuable upon earth, in the service of Christ, will be recompensed with eternal blessedness hereafter. . Are any deterred, by such considerations, from * Eph. i. 7, Heb. ix. 26. 116 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. P ine following the Saviour? Then make your choice, and; if you please, prefer the world to him. Secure its best delights, and, if it be possible, possess the whole of its pemps, its dominion, or its pleasures: what will you have gained? Can you estimate your profit, when you shall be rejected of God, and your souls lost, beyond the power of recovery, for ever? Is there any equivalent to be offered, by which you could purchase a release from hell, or even a mitigation of its torments ? And are your immortal spirits in danger of perishing? Yes: “ the Judge standeth before the door ;’—“ the Son of man shall come,” with all the glory of his divine majesty, and with the whole re- tinue of heaven; and you must appear at his tri- bunal, to receive “ according to your works.” What, then, ‘have you to look for at his hands, if you have opposed his cause, or, through the base principle of fear or shame, have declined the profession of his Gospel, or the society of his people? Think you that he will then own you, and number you among his saints? No: he will separate you from the company of those to whom you durst not avow an attachment upon earth; he will reject you with abhorrence, and consign you to a state of unutterable confusion, torment, and despair. Such was the purport of our Lord’s solemn ad- monitions; and in the same manner should sinners of the present day be warned. Perhaps the objection might be raised, If he were indeed of that exalted dignity which he represented, why did not his glory immediately appear? And it might be with a view to obviate the difficulty that he assured the persons around him that some of them should not die till they had seen a grand exhibition of his majesty, which might be considered as the commencement of his government. Some have supposed that this referred to his transfiguration, which soon followed; but it has more generally been explained of that remarkable Wi JESUS CHRIST. ll- ‘display of his power which took place in the de- struction of Jerusalem, to the overthrow of his enemies, and the establishment of his church. That event he frequently described as his coming ; and it was an awful emblem of his future and more illus- trious advent for the final judgment of the world. His predictions have been in part fulfilled ; and in due time, when his righteous purposes are effected, ‘they will ali have their full completion. He will be revealed in his glory, as he hath told us; “and every eye shall see him.” How shall we stand before him ? What is our hope and expectation? Does the prospect of his manifestation fill us with delight? For so it ought to do, if we be indeed partakers of his salva- tion. It is the privilege of his faithful people to look and long for his appearing, crying “ Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly.” But such as remain at enmity against him have abundant cause to dread -“ the day of the Lord.” In vain will they call upon the rocks and mountains to cover them, and: hide them from his face. They must be arraigned at his bar ; and their everlasting doom shall be pronounced from his mouth.—May we find mercy of the Lord in that day, and enter with him into his kingdom for ever! Amen. 118 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS.- JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 22. Jesus was transfigured, and declared to be the Son of Gud—expelled an evil spirit, which his Apostles could not—warned them of approaching sufferitgys—paid the-sacred tribute by a miracle—suggested solemn cautions against ambition, offences, contempt of any the weakest believers, severity and revenge towards an offending brother. Tue Lord Jesus Christ appeared upon earth in a state of profound humiliation, the brightness of his original glory being obscured by the infirmities of humanity, and the external meanness of his condi- tion. His example, indeed, his preaching and his miracles, proved him to be not only superior to the children of men, but “ the Lord from heaven.” There were also certain occasions, on which his true dignity was displayed in a very signal manner. The follow- ing instance is of that kind; and it*seems to have been intended, not for vain parade, but for important purposes to himself and others. About a week after the solemn address to his dis- ciples, which was last mentioned, he retired to a high mountain (supposed by some to be Mount Tabor), for the purposes of secret devotion*. He selected three out of the twelve, Peter, James, and-John, his favoured attendants, that they might be witnesses of a grand exhibition of his glory, as they soon after- wards were of his distressing agony in the garden of Gethsemane. In their presence, as he offered up his * Matt. xvii. 1—13, Mark ix. 2—13. Luke ix. 28—36. JESUS CHRIST. 119 fervent supplications, he assumed a most magnificent appearance, putting off, for a season, ‘ the form of a_ servant and the likeness of men,” and discovering his proper character, while he shone with the lustre of divine majesty. His countenance became bright and dazzling, as the sun in the firmament; and such a splendour covered his whole body, that the rays, as it were, darted through his garments, which also were luminous and sparkling as the light itself. Two eminent persons, likewise, who had been honoured in his service upon earth, Moses and Elijah, then attended him from the world of spirits, in a glittering resplend- ent form, and conversed with him on the grand de- sign of his incarnation, the sacrifice which he was shortly to make for the sins of mankind, by his cruci- fixion at Jerusalem. A sight so wonderful might well overwhelm the three Apostles. At first they had ‘fallen asleep through fatigue; but being awakened, probably by the exceeding brightness of the appearance, they beheld the astonishing spectacle, and heard the con- clusion of the conference. Peter, in particular, ex- perienced so rapturous a surprise upon the occasion, that he exclaimed, “ Master, it is good for us to be here,” and proposed to erect tabernacles for the ac- commodation of their Lord and his two illustrious attendants, as if he could have spent his life upon the mount, amidst such transcendent glory, and with such exalted company. But he scarcely understood the meaning of his own words. . This was not the whole. Immediately a shining cloud, as a token of the divine Presence, perhaps re- sembling the ancient Shechinah, overshadowed them, and impressed them with solemn awe; while a voice from heaven proclaimed Jesus to be the Son of the eternal Father, and the object of his supreme compla- cency,and required an earnest regard and an unfeigned submission to him. Here, then, was a clear revela- 120 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. - tion and a near approach of the Deity. But was not the grand exhibition too much for human powers to sustain? Alas! such is our state of infirmity, and such the effect of guilt upon the conscience, that the most advanced saints in this world would feel some degree of terror if God were to manifest himself to them in his glorious majesty, though sweetly tem- pered with grace and mercy. If our eyes should behold the Lord of hosts, we could not but adopt the language of Job, “‘ I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes * ;” we could not help exclaiming, like the Prophet, “ Wo is me! for I am undone, because I am a man of unclean lips :” or we should say, as Peter, “ Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord {.” So these three distinguished disciples “ fell on their face, and were sore afraid.” But Jesus, who undertakes to introduce his people into the presence of God, and to give them confidence before him, im- mediately interposed for their support and comfort. He put his hands on them, and encouraged them to arise, and lay aside their fears. i The transfiguration was ended ; the heavenly visit- ants disappeared ; and Jesus, being left alone with his Apostles, charged them not to divulge what they had seen, till after his resurrection. Perhaps their account of it would not have been credited before that event, and it might have produced some dan- gerous consequences. It should seem that they expected Elijah’s continuance among them, and were surprised at his being withdrawn; for it was com- monly supposed, from Malachi’s prediction, that he would return to dwell on the earth, to effect a general reformation, and thus prepare the way for the king- dom of Messiah §. But Jesus taught them that the prophecy had been already fulfilled in its spirit; John the Baptist, who resembled Elijah in his zeal and * Job. xiii. 6. + Isa. vi. 5. ¢ Luke y. 6, § Mal. iv. 5, 6. : ij JESUS CHRIST. 121 habits of austerity, had appeared for those purposes, which were predicted. And what impression does the narration of this singular vision make upon our minds? It is circum- stantially related, and confidently attested, not only by three Evangelists, but by one of those who were eye-witnesses ofit. St. Peter produces it as a stroyg proof that they had not “ followed cunningly-devised fables,” but that Jesus was indeed what they~ had heard him declared to be by a voice from heaven, “the Son of God*.” And are we receiving him as the Beloved of the Father? Do we admire, praise, and trust him? Are we also, as the Father, “ well pleased” in him? Do we feela holy complacency and delight in his mediation, as a sufficient ground of hope and con- fidence towards God? Do we hear him as our Teacher to instruct, our Saviour to comfort, and our Lord to command us? Then by faith we behold an unspeak- able glory in him, though not that outward lustre, so dazzling to the bodily sight, upon the mount. Then we shall not only consider him as “ the man Christ Jesus,” but believe that the splendour of the divine Majesty resides in him, and we shall devoutly worship him as “ our Lord and our God.” It is probable that the transfiguration was intended to animate and strengthen Jesus himself, who in his human nature might be ready to faint under the ap- prehension of his approaching sufferings, as well as to prevent his chosen companions from being staggered by the depth of his humiliation. They were, there- fore, the better prepared to attend him in the garden of Gethsemane, and to stand by his cross on Mount Calvary. They beheld a token of his future glory, an emblem of that transcendent brightness which ie should possess upon his return to heaven: and we consider it, also, as in some sort a representation of that magnificent and awful appearance, when, “ being Wee, Pet. i,16—18. See also 1 John i. 1—S. VOL. IV. M 122 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. in the form of God,” he shall come again “ to judge the quick and dead,” accompanied with a grand re- tinuc, not merely Moses and Elijah, but “ ten thou- sand of his saints.” The prospect should cheer and revive your hearts, if indeed you are his faithful disciples. You shall be witnesses and partakers of his triumphant exaltation: “ when Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory*.” You likewise shall be transfigured, “ You shall be like him, for you shall see him as he ist,” and “ shall shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of ~ your Father }.” Then it may be said in the highest sense, “ Lord, it is good for us to be here.” From that holy mount you will never be called down; and the glory, which is there to be revealed, “ fadeth not away.” When Jesus returned to his other disciples, whom he had left behind, he found them engaged in dis- putation with the Scribes, who, probably, were endea- vouring to subvert their faith §. Upon his appear- ance, the vast multitudes of people who surrounded them ran with eager joy to express their respect. But they were struck with amazement ; and, though we are not acquainted with the cause, it is possible that this effect might be produced by some remaining lustre which they observed in his countenance ; for thus the face of Moses shone when he descended from Sinai. Amongst the great numbers who flocked around him, one person in particular, under extreme anguish, solicited his aid. He brought his son, his only child, who, instead of being a comfort to him, was a spec- tacle of horror, afflicted with lunacy, conyulsed with fits, and tortured in various ways through the pos- session of an evil spirit. The father, representing the case, kneeled as an humble supplicant at the feet of * Col. iii. 4. + 1 Jchn iii. 2. ‘E Matt. xiii. 43. § Matt. xvii. 14, &. Mark ix. 14—33. Luke ix. 37-—45, . JESUS CHRIST. 12S - Jesus, and cried, “‘ Lord, have mercy on my son :— if thou canst do any thing, have compassion on us, and help us.” In this very application the man dis- covered some degree of dependence ; but doubt and hesitation seemed to be mixed with it: and perhaps his principles were shaken by the opposition of the Scribes, and by the failure of the disciples, who had tried in vain to effect the cure. Jesus, therefore, re- quired a more decided testimony of his faith, and ob- served that no deliverances were too great to be ex- ted in an humble reliance upon him. The poor petitioner, being instantly convicted of his weakness, exclaimed, with evident marks of distress, “ Lord, I believe ; help, thou mine unbelief.” The confession was accepted, and the prayer granted. The Saviour did not even upbraid him with his distrust, but pro- ceeded to perform his request. He rebuked and ex- pelled the devil, who seemed unwilling to relinguish his hold, and, even in the act of departing, grievously tormented the unhappy patient. After suffering some violent agonies, the son was restored in perfect health to his rejoicing parent. You also, who now come unto Jesus, should disclose the troubles of your mind, and “ pour out your heart before him :” in every instance, it will be proper for. you to cry, “ Lord, have mercy on us.” But beware of entertaining any fears or suspicions, which are dis- honourable to his character. No question ought to be made, concerning his ability, or his disposition, to help. “Canst thou believe?” is the grand inquiry: for his blessings are communicated only to them who confide in him. Difficulties, perhaps, arise, which stagger you, and fill you with misgivings. Confess and lament this weakness before him, praying that he may pardon and remove it, and not withhold his fayour, through displeasure at the sin. “ Lord, I believe ; help thou mine unbelief.” Nor should you entreat him for yourselves alone, but for your friend, 124 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. or your child in distress. In all circumstances, he can extend the relief which you want. shia The disciples, as we have intimated, in vain at- tempted to expel the demon: and at this they ex- pressed their wonder, when they had retired with their Master. They had wrought many miraculous cures before, and, perhaps, for that very reason, were too self-sufficient, or had forgot their entire de- pendence upon him for all their success. Atleast in this instance there was a failure of their faith ; and, accordingly, he taught them, that it was only by maintaining a constant, though feeble and doubting, reliance upon him, they could perform the most astonishing operations. He further observed, that it was necessary to implore divine assistance, especially on solemn occasions and in great difficulties, by a more than ordinary measure of devotion and huini- liation. We are not called to the same high office, or in- vested with the same powers, as the Apostles. But we have all, in our respective places, continual need of God's strengthening and supporting hand. In ‘the view of our several duties and trials, we may see reason to cry out, “ Who is sufficient for these things?” Perhaps our good endeavours have mis- carried because of our unbelief. With what temper of mind have we set ourselves to combat our spiritual enemies? Shall we wonder that we have been’ de- feated, or that our corruptions still retain their ascendancy, notwithstanding our opposition? For is it not true here, also, that the victory we seek can- not be obtained “ but by prayer and fasting?” From the mount of transfiguration Jesus passed through different parts of Galilee. There he sought opportunities of privacy, that he might open to his disciples, more fully than he had done before, his ap- proaching sufferings, death, and resurrection. The subject had been repeatedly mentioned, but they were JESUS CHRIST. 125 dull of apprehension, and unwilling to admit it. They still looked for temporal dominion, and therefore could not bear to hear of his losing his life in an ignominious and violent manner. They were distressed and con- founded, and yet afraid to disclose their difficulties. He, however, enduring with much indulgence their ignorance,ambition, and unbelief, continued to suggest his cautions, that he might gradually correct their mistakes. The cross of Christ has ever been matter of offence, and is so in our own day. This humbling scheme is what a proud and carnal mind cannot relish ; and therefore it is accounted “ foolishness.” We are infinitely indebted to the mercy of God, who has rec- tified our_notions and subdued our prejudices, if we are brought to admire it, to trust and rejoice in it. For, after all the vain cavils of presumptuous men, it is “the power of God and the wisdom of God.” But you, who are averse to this method of salvation, should consider that it is not for you to prescribe unto God. Submit implicitly to his gracious appointment, nor dare to quarrel with his terms. Beg of him to pardon your perverseness, and give you more clearly to com- prehend what may for the present appear obscure or inconsistent. When Jesus came to Capernaum, it was inquired by the collectors whether he did not usually pay the tribute ; and his conduct upon that occasion was narrowly watched. Jesus discussed the subject in private with his apostle Peter. He argued that he, as the Son of God, might plead a peculiar exemption - from bearing the expense of supporting his Father’s house (for the levy was probably that for the service of the temple), and that this should be laid upon strangers rather than upon him. But, to avpid offence, and to guard against a dangerous abuse of his example, he agreed to discharge the claim. But whence was the money to be furnished? According to his directions, Peter cast a hook into the sea, and a fish, bearing in M3 126 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. its mouth a silver coin to the full amount of the tribute, presented itself as an easy prey, at the very time and place in which it was wanted. This ex- traordinary method of payment displayed ‘his power and condescension: his condescension, in submitting to such a state of extreme poverty, though he was Lord of all, that he could not without a miracle pro- duce the very small sum sufficient to answer the demand; and his power, inasmuch as all creatures were compelled to yield obedience to him, in whatever way they were required. Let us not then complain of our Gonttaciad circum- stances, while we contemplate Jesus in so mean -a condition ; nor let us hesitate to trust ourselves under his care, when we see how easy it is for him to procure money for necessary uses. He has taught us to con- tribute cheerfully, in our respective stations, whatever may be needful for the support of religion and civil government. “ Render, therefore, to all their dues ; tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom *.” Withhold not from any their just or reasonable demands. If you profess to be follewers of Jesus, you will feel the force df his motive, and study to give no offence. The fear of increasing the prejudices of the world against the Gospel will make you circumspect in this as well as in other instances of your conduct. Our Lord, having called the twelve around him, in the house where he was retired, addressed them with all the affection of a father, instructing, warning, and reproving them, as might be most expedient, according to their circumstances +. He had over- heard them debating upon the read, concerning the right of precedency in his kingdom; for, still expecting a temporal dominion, and being too much under tlie influence of an ambitious spirit, ‘they were e all eager to * Rom. xiii. 7. 3 t+ Matt. xviii. 1, &c. Mark ix. 33, &e. Luke ix. 46—48. i JESUS CHRIST. 127 obtain the highest places of preferment. But, when he had inquired the subject of their dispute, and they seemed ashamed to avow it, he spoke to their secret thoughts, and suggested, that, to be truly honourable in his account, they must possess other dispositions, and excel in humility. At length they introduced the matter openly, finding that it was not concealed, and asked plainly, “‘ Who is the greatest?” To this he replied, while he took an infant in his arms, that, except they were converted to God, ard rendered meek, teachable, and free from designs of guile and aspiring views like little children, they would not only attain no exaltation, but have no share at all in his kingdom ; and that the person, who discovered - most of an unfeigued lowliness*of mind, stood the highest in his favour. And are we duly sensible of the spiritual nature of our religion? Are we not aiming at worldly grandeur and pre-eminence, instead of attending to the frame of our souls? What have we known of real conversion of heart? Is not the very term treated with profane ridicule, as if the mention of it proved a man a visionary and an enthusiast ?- But, surely, if conversion were so absolutely necessary in our Lord's time, it cannot now, be dispensed with, however the idea may be scorned among us. Where shall we look for Christian humility? Do all, who pretend to be the disciples of Jesus, bear evident marks of a child-like simplicity, submission, and de- pendence? Or, rather, is not such a disposition de- rided as despicable meanness? How strange that those should retain the name of Christianity, who are ashamed of its peculiar excellencies and most es- sential attributes! Do we judge of our growth in grace by the criterion here laid down? Do we be- come more and more abased in ourselves? Have we a deeper sense of the malignity of sin, and of our extreme depravity? Do we learn to trust more un- reservedly to the help of God, and daily to maintain 128 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. © faith in the Redeemer, more firmly, for every bless- ing? Thus only shall we prove our advancement in the divine life, and our progress towards heaven. Jesus, having mentioned one distinguishing part in the character of his people, proceeded to show what a tender regard should be paid to them. He de- clared, that whatever favour was done unto any of them, though it were one as feeble as the infant in his arms, he would consider it as done unto himself ; but that a contempt of them, or a deliberate purpose to turn them out of the way, or interrupt them in their course, would be followed by a punishment in- finitely more tremendous than any temporal destruc- tion. Alas! how many such stumbling blocks are laid before us, as not only obstruct the weak, but prove fatal to the souls of thousands? So cireum- stanced, indeed, as we now are, these things are to be expected: by inevitable consequence they will occur. But how provoking to God! how terrible the effects! ‘“Wo unto the world, because of of- fences! Wo to that man by whom the offence cometh !” Would you avoid the awful denunciation? Then beware, lest there be something in your temper and conduct which may be the means of seducing others, or prejudicing their minds against the truth of God. Attend to what the Saviour has suggested in his solemn exhortation. Whatever gratification or pro- spect of gain may obstruct the great business of salva- tion, you must totally relinquish it, though as dear to you, and in your estimation as necessary, as a hand, a foot, or an eye. Do not hesitate because the mortification is painful. It were far better, surely, to suffer the severest operation, to cut off the hand or the foot, or to pluck out the eye, than expose yourselves or others to eternal misery. No inconve- nience or distress, to which you can be called here, is to be compared to those endless torments which JESUS CHRIST. j 129 i || are reserved for the ungodly. Does not the deserip- tion excite a horrible dread, while it is expressly de- | clared, three times together, that in hell “their || worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched?” The Sacrifices under the Mosaic law were sprinkled with salt *; in allusion to which it is asserted, that “ every one,” falling a sacrifice to the justice of God, “ shall | be salted with fire ;” and this represents the fierce- ness and durable nature of those flames to which the impenitent will be doomed. Would you escape them? The direction is clear: “ every sacrifice shall be salted with salt + ;” that is, every one truly devoted | to God, and whom he will accept, must be conse- erated to his service by his grace, which alone can | purify and preserve the soul. This is “the salt” | which you must obtain; or else, notwithstanding » your religious profession, you will be worthless and ' contemptible. | The subject being important, Jesus continued to enforce an affectionate regard to the least and meanest | of his members. While he held the child in his | arms, he observed, that we ought not to despise even such an infant, upon which the very angels are com- niissioned to attend: much less, then, should we disdain the weakest believers (represented by the babe), to whom the highest order of the exalted spirits before the throne of God continually minister. Nay, to rescue them from destruction was the end for which “the Son of man” came into the world, ' He is that “good Shepherd,” who seeks the wander- ing sheep, and rejoices in its recovery, even more than in the rest of his flock, which are already se- cured within his fold. We, also, should possess a similar disposition ; and, therefore, so far from ob- structing the salvation of any soul, we should delight in promoting it. Even a Christian brother may sometimes act ins * Lev. it. 13. + See Bishop Hurd’s Sermon on this text. © | ¥ 130 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. consistently, and we may suffer through his miscon-— duct. But we. are not therefore-rashly to abandon him, or! indulge a vindictive temper. We are im- — mediately to attempt his restoration, first by private _ admonitions, then by the interference of a few common friends, and, if that method should be ineffectual, by the more public censures of the religious community to which we belong. It is only when every effort — fails that we may proceed to the painful extremity, — and renounce all fellowship with him. Perhaps this expedient may be salutary ; at least it will be proper. And, that discipline might be maintained in his church, our Lord has assured us that the decisions of his ministers and people, acting in his*name and from a regard to his glory, shall be ratified in heaven. Not only for the regulation of a Christian society, but for the encouragement of all to meet and offer their united prayers in a dependence upon him, he solemnly promised that their petitions should be granted, and their assemblies honoured with his own immediate presence. Even for the smallest companies the blessing is intended. “ There,” said he, “am J in the midst of them.” How exalted is the language! How gracious the declaration! He can be no other than the omnipotent Jehovah, who “filleth heaven and earth,” since he engages to manifest himself, in all the various places where his people meet, at the — same moment of timer He speaks also in terms pe- culiar to the Deity, “I am.” , Yet “as his majesty is, so is. his mercy.” He will not be unmindful of them who seek him. Let them associate together in his name, professing their regard to him, and offer up their joint petitions, “with one mind and one mouth” pleading its merits, and they shall know that he is in the midst of them, by the strength and comfort of his Spirit. Surely the promise should enliven our affections, and enlarge our expectations in his service. y | JESUS CHRIST. 181 As our Lord had insisted on the manner in whica dissensions between Christians should be healed, Peter took occasion to propose the inquiry, how often forgiveness should be extended to an offending brother, as if some limits should be aflixed to the exercise of our patience and forbearance. ‘But Jesus, in his reply, has taught us, that, if injuries should be multiplied against us without number, we should still be ready to pardon not merely “until seven times, but until seventy times seven ;” and even that ourlenity to others should be as unbounded as that cf God is towards us. This astonishing compassion and grace of our God is represented in an affecting parable. He is the great King, who “ takes account of his servants,” and to whom we are indebted in a larger sum than we are able to compute. Should he rigorously demand payment, our case would indeed be desperate. Let us try the effect of an humble application to his mercy. He will not proceed ia strict justice against us, if, under a deep conviction of our wretchedness, we cry “ Lord, have patience with us.” He wiil in- stantly and freely remit the whole claim. Has he done this for us? And do we not feel a grateful sense of his goodness? Or, where is the person, who, with the hope of having received such a gracious discharge from his Lord, can retain sentiments of anger and revenge against an offending brother, who implores forgiveness? This strange inconsistency is exhibited in the character of the unmercifal man, who experienced such clemency from his master, when his own debt was immense, and yet exacted from his poor fellow-servant, with extreme severity, the payment of a few paltry pence. So trifling are all the injuries, which we can possibly sustain from one another, compared with our manifold and heinous provocations against God. If then, in the warmth of our resentment, we conclude that our brother has no claim to our compassion, and we refuse to extend any 132 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. mercy to him, what do we but pass sentence upon ourselves? The indignation of the Lord, who had shown so much tenderness, was roused against the in- exorable wretch. ‘So likewise,’ said our divine Teacher, ‘shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother their trespasses.” How tremendous is the thought, that a malicious, cruel, and revengeful disposition is odious in the , sight of God, and, unrepented of, will bring down his | heaviest displeasure! And how forcible an argument _does it suggest for the exercise of mutual forbearance, ' candour, and love, among Christians! “ Let all bit- / terness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil- ' speaking, be put away from you, with all malice. And be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted, for- _ giving one another} even as God for Christ's sake \ hath forgiven you*.” t ; * Eph. iy, 31, 32. JESUS CHRI’T. 133 JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 23, Jesus reproached by his kindred—went to the feast of tabernacles—taught in the temple—miraculously preserved from the rage of the people, and from the officers of the sanhedrim—appealed to concerning an adulteress—renewed his public instructions— answered various cavils—asserted his Deity, and only by a miracle escaped a violent death. It was a striking proof of the condescension of Jesus, and no small part of it, that he “endured such contradiction of sinners against himself*.” That He, who “is Lord of all, should dwell in mortal flesh, was an instance of deep humiliation: yet he stooped still lower, in bearing the malicious insults and violent opposition of thase, who were not only the creatures of his hands, but obnoxious to his wrath, and whom he might in a moment have con- founded and destroyed for ever. He suffered their. perverseness with unexampled patience, and laboured. incessantly for their good. May his servants learn from him “to be gentle unto all men, and in meek- ness to instruct those that oppose themselves !” It has been remarked that our Lord continued to preach in Galilee ; and it is accounted for by an Evan- gelist, who observes that he declined spending much time in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem, because of the murderous designs which were there formed against him +. At the approach of the feast of taber- * Heb. xii. 3. + John vii. 1, &cs Vou. 27. - N 134 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. nacles*, though he intended to be present at the celebration of that solemnity, he delayed his journey for some days, that he might attract the less notice. But his brethren (which expression includes all those who were nearly related), knowing his constant practice, wondered at this delay, and, with an in- solent taunt, desired him to take that opportunity of going to display his works at Jerusalem. They meant to insinuate that he courted popularity, and aimed at nothing more than the public applause. Never was any objection more groundless or more invidious than this. His whole deportment mani- fested a contrary disposition. But men with a ma- levolent heart are capable of the basest'misrepresent= — ations. There were unbelievers, we perceive, among the kindred of Jesus, and probably in the same house with him, who, though witnesses of his exemplary holiness and miraculous operations, derided and re- jected him. They who dwell in a pious family, or are intimately connected with a person eminently religious, enjoy peculiar advantages for their own spiritual improvement; but, even in so favourable a situation, they may remain in ignorance and con- tempt of those principles, the excellency of which is continually before their eyes. We do not wonder, therefore, that the faithful servants of Christ are often shamefully calumniated by those who are nearly allied to them ; especially as we observe such malig- nant reproaches cast upon their Lord and Master. Jesus replied that he was aware how much hatred he had incurred by his severe reproofs, and, there- fore, that he should not yet venture himself amongst his decided enemies. He further remarked, that this reason need not detain them, since their conduct ~ * This was one of the grand annual festivals of the Jews, ap- pointed in remembrance of their ancestors dwelling im tents, and kept for seven or eight days together in booths, which were built for that purpose. Ley. xxiii. 34, ’ JESUS CHRIST. » 135 ‘was so agreeable to the spirit of the world, as to excite no disgust or malevolence. The observation accounts for all the violence of persecution which is raised against those who boldly condemn the sinful practices ‘of their own times, and shows also that it may be avoided by a mean and servile compliance with the general sentiments and manners. Perhaps our Lord could not trust himself even in the company of his own relations ; and therefore he followed them, after some days, with the greatest privacy. Had he neglected this service, he would, probably, have been censured as a despiser of religion; for there was an universal expectation of him at the festival, and, as he did not appear at the beginning, there was much inquiry made concerning him. It is evident, then, that he ‘was regular in his attendance on divine ordinances ; thus he “ fulfilled all righteousness,” and left a per- fect example to his people. What resemblance of hin do they bear, who neglect the sacred institutions or God's house? Do not their very excuses convict them of profaneness, indolence, or avarice? To tread in his steps, we must carefully observe the appointed times and solemnities of public worship. It might be also to avoid ostentation, as well as . danger, that Jesus travelled to Jerusalem in private. Perhaps even there he concealed himself upon his first arrival; while warm debates were held concerning him, some allowing his integrity, others condemning him as a deceiver, and none daring to avow an at- tachment to him. But, about the midst of the fes- tival, he appeared in the temple, and delivered his holy instructions with an unshaken firmness and intre- _pidity, through a pure zeal for the honour of God, and compassion for the souls of the numerous congre- gation then assembled. The Jews immediately per- ceived such a depth of sacred knowledge as they could not account for, considering the meanness of his education: but he proceeded to declare that he il i. «se 136 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, was invested with a commission from Heayen, and that his doctrine was not the fruit of human learning, or the deductions of reason, but a direct revelation from God. He observed that the evidences were such as would convince an honest inquirer, and that the man who was seriously disposed to do the will of God would certainly attain a right understanding of the truth, however obscure or absurd it might seem to others. As to himself, he maintained that he sought nothing but the divine glory, and therefore that they should receive him, at least, as no impostor. The Gospel, then, which Jesus taught, demands our unfeigned regard, because it is a message from God. Herein he still preaches to us, as he did to the ‘Jews of old. Let us examine whether we “know of the doctrine.” Are we persuaded of its authority and excellence? Have we a clear perception of its grand design? And have we carefully traced its di- stinguishing lineaments? If otherwise, we should sus-~ pect in ourselves an unsoundness of heart, a deter- mined love of sin, and a spirit of presumptuous disobe- dience to God. These are the chief causes of infidelity and ignorance where the truth of God is sent: and it is generally evident that men’s difficulties and objec- tions betray a perverse and unholy disposition. Jesus, by a bold appeal, accused his hearers of trans- gressing the law of which they boasted ; some he even charged with harbouring designs of violence against his person. They denied the imputation, and insolently reviled him for it, as if he were under the possession of the devil. He, however, continued to assert that their persecution was most unreasonable and malignant, since they made the cure of diseased and impotent poverty, which he had performed on the sabbath*, a plea for slander, rage, and murder. He showed how inconsistent it was to condemn his mira-— culous work of mercy, which, in fact, broke not the * Johny. 1—16. JESUS CHKIST. 137 law of the day, and on the same sacred season them- selves to practise the rite of circumcision, out of re- gard to Moses, who had appointed it, and yet was not its original founder. Why should their decisions be regulated by appearances? Why would they not form a just and impartial judgment ? Many of the people were impressed with an admira- tion of his courage, especially when they knew that there were serious intentions of destroying him ; and yet they foolishly concluded that he could not be the Messiah, because his extraction seemed incompatible with that high character. To these captious adver- saries he replied, that, notwithstanding their supposed acquaintance with him and his origin, he came to them. with an express and full commission from that God, of whom they were ignorant, and with whom he had the most intimate communications. Alas! how many deceive themselves in boasting ‘of their clear percep- tions of the divine nature, and their sincere regard to the true God, while they reject or pervert the Go- spel! Their very objections to the scheme of salva- tion by Jesus Christ generally arise from gross mis- apprehensions, or a fixed hatred, of God's righteous perfections. Let us be willing, that He, who alone hath known the Father, should declare him unto us. So pointed a reproof and such high claims were more than they could bear. They were filled with rage, and were only prevented from acts of violence by a strong impression upon their minds, which re- strained their malice. It was not possible that they should have power to destroy him till the purposes of Heaven were accomplished. Yet there were many of the lower order who seemed convinced that he was indeed the Christ ; for they argued rightly, that the promised Deliverer could not perform more astonish- ing operations than Jesus had done. These favour- able dispositions in the people alarmed the great council of the sanhedrim, which was then assembled ; nN 3 . 138 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. and officers were immediately sent to apprehend him. But the malevolent design was baffled. Jesus conti~ nued to preach, even before the face of those who were charged with a commission to seize him. He warned them that, notwithstanding their opposition, he should proceed in his work a little longer; that shortly, returning to the state of glorious exaltation which he had left, he should be removed beyond the reach of their violence ; and that they would seek in vain to be admitted into his presence. How solemn the admonition ! Alas! how few considered the time of their visitation! Howfew,in our ownday,consider that ‘Jesus, who waits upon them in the ministry of his word, will soon withdraw himself, that the gracious offers now made will never be renewed, and that an eternal separation must take place between them and — that Saviour whom they despise! ‘ Where He is, thither they cannot come.” ~~ While they were puzzled to comprehend his mean- ing, he proclaimed aloud the rich mercy of the Gospel, inviting the application of all who were truly desirous of spiritual blessings. To such persons he promised to dispense the abundant influences of the Holy Ghost, for their support and refreshment. He also described those precious emanations, as proceeding from believers, and blessing their numerous con- nexions, like streams which scatter wide their plenty. This wondrous, this encouraging address to the whole body of the people, was pronounced on the last day of the feast, at a time when it is probable the assembl was larger than usual; and when, as it is siriteed the officers of justice stood before him. On that day it was customary to fetch water from the fountain of Siloam, and pour it on the altar with great exulta- tion. Perhaps, too, in testimony of this, they sung at the time that remarkable sentence, where the allu- sion gives life to the description of the Prophet, * With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of sal- JESUS CHRIST. 139 vation*.” It is thought that upon this occasion Jesus stood on an eminence, and, exerting his yoice, that he might be heard by the surrounding multitudes, di- rected their attention to himself, as intended to be represented in that ceremony, as “ the fountain of liv- ing waters,” communicating the most plentiful sup- plies of grace to every thirsty soul. To us, also, the sane blessing is offered, the same kind invitation is given. His ambassadors still address us, with similar proposals, “Ho, every one that thirsteth, come ye to the waterst!’ The grand source, to which we are referred, remains inexhausti- ble as ever; nor is there any thing to obstruct our access except our own indifference or aversion. ‘“ Let him that is athirst come ; and whosoever will, let him take the water of life freely }.” Have we any ardent desires for those spiritual benefits which Jesus con- fers? It is well if we be truly sensible of their ex- cellence and importance. Let our application be made unto him without delay, and with earnest solicita- tion. He will not disappoint our wishes, but even exceed our largest expectations and conceptions ; and perhaps the mercy which we receive may be conveyed to others also, through our means, for their effectual relief and salvation. These surprising declarations of Jesus excited va- rious debates among the people. Some were disposed to honour him as a Prophet, others to acknowledge him as the Christ ; but, as they hastily concluded that he was born in Galilee, it was argued that he could not fulfil the ancient prophecies concerning the Mes- sizh, and they were too careless or too bigoted to en- ter into further inquiries. The very men who were employed to apprehend him, and some of whom were disposed to take him by force, listened to his words, till, under the strongest impressions of admiration and reverence, they were unable to execute their purpose * Ysa, xii. $3. See Bishop Lowth on that passage. + Isa. lv. 1. + Rev. xxii. 17, 140 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. They returned without their prisoner, and were con- strained to allege, in excuse for not fulfilling their commission, “ Never man spake like this man.” How easily can the Lord God overawe and confound his enemies! “ Surely the wrath of man shall praise thee : the remainder of wrath shalt thou restrain*.” We have known many instances of those, who, unac- countably to themselves, have been suddenly obliged to relinquish their designs of violence, and even to plead the cause of persons whom they had vowed to destroy. Not a few have been brought to a state of penitence, under a sermon, while they were seeking objections, and forming malevolent intentions against the preacher. The sanhedrim, however, were the more exaspe- rated, and represented all, who favoured Jesus, as ignorant, deluded, and infatuated wretches, not wor- thy to be regarded. Nicodemus attempted to mode- rate their rage; but he met with a severe rebuke for the prudent advice which he suggested; and per- haps the council broke up in confusion. The evening approached, and Jesus retired, not to indulge in sensuality or indolence, nor even to obtain the necessary refreshment of sleep. He withdrew to the mount of Olives, at some little distance from the city, where he might give vent to the ardent affec- tions of his soul in secret prayert. The night, there- fore, as well as the day, was devoted to the service of God, with a view probably to the salvation of sinners, for whom he was most anxiously concerned. Let those, who minister in holy things, be instructed from him to mix the duties of private devotion with their public labours, if they wish to be supported and to prosper in their work. Early in the morning he returned to the temple, and, not discouraged by the opposition he had met with, resumed his employment, teaching the people * Psal. Ixxvi. 10. + John viii. 1, &e. JESUS CHRIST. 141 with the same freedom as before. His insidious ad- versaries also renewed their attempts with much vi- gilance and assiduity, though their former schemes were defeated. Some of the Scribes and Pharisees brought an adulteress before him, and desired his de- | cision upon the case, whether she should be stoned, according to the Mosaic injunctions. Their intention was to reduce him to a difficulty, and, from his judg- | ment, whatever it might be, to prefer a serious charge against him. Had he pronounced sentence upon her, they would probably have accused him as an enemy to the Roman government ; or, if he had acquitted her, they might have calumniated him as subverting their law, and favouring the sin which she had com- mitted. For some time he seemed to pay no regard to their question ; but when they urged him to reply, he showed his knowledge of their hearts, and displayed his power as well as wisdom by confounding their purpose. His arswer was, “ He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her :” and it _ was such a pointed application to their consciences, and so forcibly impressed, that it obliged them to de- part, and thus tacitly to acknowledge their own guilt. Immediately, the gracious Redeemer dismissed the poor criminal without condemnation ; for he acted not as the civil magistrate, and would not pronowace her offence unpardonable: but he solemnly admonished her to sin no more. Who, then, shall presume to con- tend with Him? “ He disappointeth the advices of the crafty, so that their hands cannot perform their enterprise*.” But transgressors, even of the most atrocious kind, who tremble before him, need not de- spair of his mercy. Only let them remember his sa- lutary caution, nor dare, in any future instance, tore- new their wicked practices. Jesus continued to deliver his instructions to the people, still maintaining his own divine character, and exhibiting himself as the author of all spiritual * Job vy. 12. 3 142 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. blessings. Perhaps from the view. of the sun, then breaking forth upon them, he took occasion to com pare himself to that grand luminary, declaring that only by a regard to him we can be rescued from fatal delusion, and conducted in the paths of peace and joy to a state of eternal blessedness above. As the festival was ended, many of his hearers, probably, were preparing to return to their respective abodes, and their common occupations. The brightness of the day was the traveller’s opportunity ; but Jesus. exhorted him to remember the presence of a better | light, which would never leave him benighted. Are our eyes then directed unto Him, as the only source of wisdom, strength, and comfort to the soul? Dowe | discover any glory in him, which may properly, | though inadequately, be represented by that most re~ | splendent body in the firmament? Do we walk by his light ; or are the benefits which we receive from | him adequate to such an exalted description as this? It was objected that his doctrine rested merely on his own assertion, and therefore could not be credited. — But he replied, that sufficient testimony of his high character had been already given, and that they con- demned him through the influence of carnal pre-_ judices. He argued, also, that his declarations de- manded their implicit assent, as he had produced the — strongest proofs of his father’s presence with him ; but that, while they cavilled at his claims, they showed their entire ignorance of his Father, as well as of him. This was a bold charge indeed ; and, considering his situation and their malevolence, it was wonderful that they bore it. But they were still under an invisible restraint, as the full time for his being delivered into their hands was not arrived. He continued, there- fore, to warn them that he should shortly leave them to perish in their unbelief, and that then it would be too late to solicit an admission into his presence. When they turned his very warning into ridicule, he declared more plainly that he descended from the JESUS CHRIST. 143 eavenly world, and properly belonged to it ; but that ey were entirely earthly in their views, affections, d pursuits, and that by rejecting him they would ink under the curse of their sins into final de~ truction. Ah! how foolish as well as wicked is the conduct of - hose who persist in opposing the Saviour, to their wn inevitable ruin ! They trifle away their precious aoments in raising one petulant objection after an- ither, while they stand on the brink of eternal misery. should we not desire to rouse them from their le- hargy? What mean your indifference and levity >? dave you forgotten that the grand concerns of your ouls are still unsecured? Instead of replying to your ubtleties, we would faithfully denounce, “the ter- ors of the Lord,” and entreat you, without delay, to elieve in the Lord Jesus Christ, lest you “die in your ins.” - Still unwilling to admit, perhaps deriding, his Jaims, some insolently asked whom he pretended to e. He confirmed his former assertions, and replied, hat, though he had many charges to bring against them, he should only for the present maintain that he icted by a sacred commission, and delivered no other loctrine than what he had received from the Father. Yet, plain as these declarations were, the people, jlinded by their prejudices, did not comprehend his neaning. He, however, foretold, that, after taking atm off by the violent death of the cross, they would e struck with a conviction of his divine character and nigh office; and he sclemnly assured them, that, Jhough rejected and scorned by sinners, he was not leserted of his heavenly Father, but was the constant bject of his complacency and delight. , let us fear o indulge a captious disposition, lest. we be given up 0 a reprobate mind! Is not this exalted Teacher: “worthy of all acceptation >” Why, then, do we not sincerely and thankfully submit to his instructions? 144 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. Does not our perverse opposition evince a,proud and an earthly mind? His bold and serious harangue, though general despised, produced an evident impression on some the company, who, therefore, professed to regard him as the Messiah. Addressing himself to these persons in particular, he exhorted them to yield a steadfast and persevering attention to his word, aud thereby to prove themselves, beyond a doubt, his faithful dis- ciples. He subjoined a most gracious promise, that in this way they should be enlightened with such a knowledge of his doctrine, as would establish them in a state of glorious freedom. Yet so captious were the multitude, that even this very promise gave offence. His proposal of conferring freedom implie that they had been in servitude ; which they resented as a gross insult, boasting of their high privileges as the children of Abraham. Their proud and ig- norant objection, however, led him to show that his meaning was spiritual ; and he replied to the ie | effect : — ‘Little as you may be aware of the melancliol truth, I solemnly assure you, that every one prac- tising iniquity is actually a slave to sin, the worst tyrants. So circumstanced, then, notwithstandin your descent from Abraham, you are not the childre1 of God, and may expect to be excluded from his’ household. But I, his only-begotten Son, who a entitled to all the honours of his family, am em- powered likewise to confer them upon you; so that, if you receive the liberty which I bestow, you will be rescued from a state of miserable bondage, JESUS CHRIST. 145 of my Father, that which I know to be so, from the most intimate acquaintance with his mind; and you also show by your deportment what you have learned from your father.” Here they interrupted him, still maintaining that | they sprang from no other than Abraham. But Jesus proceeded :—“ Were you indeed the children of Abra- ham, you would tread in his steps: but how widely do you differ from him in your spirit and conduct, while you are aiming at my life, for boldly asserting among you the truth of God! Your actions correspond | with the original from which you are derived.” This insinuation they considered as reproachful to their character, and contended that God was their Father. The Saviour answered :—“‘If such were your near relation to God, you would discover an affectionate _regard to me, who am his immediate offspring, and have received my commission from him alone. To what shall I ascribe your ignorance of my meaning, _ but to your carnal dispositions, which have effectually stopped your ears against me? You, therefore, belong to another family, and are evidently the children of the wicked one, whose very tempers you betray: he has been uniformly seeking the destruction of man- kind, and, by the basest treachery and falsehocd, op- ‘posing divine truth: he is the parent of murder and of lies. You reject me merely because I have faith- fully declared to you the counsel of God. I dare appeal to you, prejudiced as you are, that you cannot bring any charge of guilt against me: and, if you must admit my integrity, why will you not credit my assertions? Every one whois born of God, and under the influence of his grace, will yield a serious atten- tion and an unreserved submission to his will, in whatever manner it be revealed: this, therefore, cannot be your character, as you prove by your perverse and obstinate unbelief.” _ These severe reproofs exasperated the Jews still “VOL. IV. o 146 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. more, so that they replied, with manifest rancour, that they were now justified in their suspicions of him, as being an enemy to their religion, like the Samaritans, and acting under the instigation of the devil. He repelled the blasphemous charge with singular meekness, observing, that so far from having connexions with Satan, he had uniformly shown what had brought their contempt upon him, a zealous regard to his Father's glory ; that, though he might’ be indifferent about his own personal honour, yet there was One, who would assert it to their entire condemnation. He added, also, the most gracious and solemn protestations, for the encouragement of the penitent, that the sincere believer in him should never taste the bitterness, or come under the power, of death. The precious promise, no less than his reproofs, incensed them, and confirmed them in the persuasion, that he was actuated by a diabolical influence. They grossly misapprehended him, as if none of his followers should suffer even the dis- solution of the body, .and insolently asked, what _ privilege or dignity he claimed beyond the ancient Prophets. - He answered, “If my claims were, unsupported, they might safely be despised; but I appeal to the attestations of that God, to whom you profess.to stand in a peculiar relation. Alas! your pretences are false and presumptuous ; on the contrary, I possess the most perfect knowledge of him, and yield a constant and exact obedience to him. You reject me with scorn; but Abraham, your great progenitor, showed the highest possible respect for my character, looking forwards with ardent desires to the day of my appearance, and, by faith, exulting in the prospect.” Thus he plainly declared himself to be the Messiah, while they continued most foolishly to carp at his expressions, as implying that he had been con- temporary with Abraham upon the earth. To give JESUS CHRIST, 147 the most decisive answer to their cavils, and to assert | his own Deity, in express and unequivocal terms he '} added, while he called their attention as to a certain ‘and interesting truth, “ Before Abraham was, I am.” This language was too clear to be misunderstood, | and it contains a doctrine too important to be aban- doned. The very mode of speaking which he adopted | is peculiar to the Godhead ; and it amounts to a full proof that he is the unchangeable Jehovah, who remains “the same” from everlasting to everlasting, and, therefore, that the ages and generations of men make no difference in his existence. He aflirmed, then, that he is that very God who revealed himself to Moses by that adorable name, “I am*.” In this sense, it should seem, they received it ; for imme- diately, conceiving him to be guilty of blasphemy, as he would have been on the supposition of his mere humanity, they prepared to stone him; and he escaped from their fury only by a miracle, concealing | himself from their observation, while he withdrew | from the tumultuous assembly. * How remarkable was the whole of this debate! It exhibits a striking representation of the blindaess and perverseness of sinners, as also of the meekness and condescension of the Saviour. Those, whose office calls them to maintain and propagate the Gospel, may expect a similar opposition from men who are destitute of the truth. Probably the most unrea- sonable prejudices will so prevail, as greatly to obstruct their usefulness. The plainest expressions may, be misunderstood, or wilfully distorted; the most malicious charges may be urged against*them, and their characters blackened by the basest asper- sions. All this may be done, even among the people for whose eternal welfare they are labouring with the most generous and unwearied assiduity. But let them study, and endeavour to copy, this , * Exod. iii. 14. ¢ { 148 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. divine Exemplar. Like the blessed Jesus, it will | become them to stand unmoved against all the assaults of ignorance, pride, and envy, to obviate mistakes, | and inculcate right doctrines with patience and for-_ bearance. Yet, consistently with this gentleness of spirit, they should also warn the impenitent, and, without fear or reserve, denounce “the terrors of — the Lord.” They should reprove and admonish, not with rashness or malevolence, but with courage and — fidelity ; and, while they plainly represent the state — and character of the ungedly, affectionately beseech them “ to flee from the wrath to come.” Would to God that opposition to Christ had been confined to the Jews! Are there none among us, who in a similar way resist the truth? How vile their affections! How wretched their condition! They may boast of liberty, but “ they are the servants of corruption.” They may suppose that they are doing God service, and be ready to demand a re- compense from him, even while they fulfil the pur- poses of Satan, and prove themselves to be totally under his influence. They may pretend to a peculiar penetration and discernment, when they are deluded by ‘the father of lies,” and, through the ascendancy of carnal principles, “ cannot hear” the pure doctrine of the Gospel.. Let us pray that we may not be given up to such infatuation. Do we, then; believe in Jesus, as he is here exhibit- ed? Dowe triumph in that Saviour whom Abraham beheld with joy? Do we trust in him, adore, praise, and serve him, as being no other than JEHovangthe great “I am,” “God over all, blessed for ever?” Surely his character will justify our strongest con- fidence. Let us not renounce our faith, or be ashamed of our attachment. He himself exhorts us “not to be moved away from the hope of the Gospel.” How animating are his promises to those who “ con- tinue in his word!” He will afford us increasing JESUS CHRIST. 149 - knowledge of his truth, gradually dispersing the. darkness of our minds; he will break off the fetters in which sin has long held us captive, and bring us into the glorious liberty of the children of God. He will even disarm death of its terrors, enable us to smile in the near prospect of it, and give us a perfect and everlasting deliverance. May every reader, then, possess such a firm and unshaken dependence upon him, as to say, “I know whom I have believed, and am persuaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day* !” Amen. * 2 Tim. i. 12. ashe 03s Pe 150 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | - JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 24. Jesus sent out seventy disciples to preach—received and addressed them upon their return—replied to the cuptious lawyer,and delivered the parable of the good Samaritan—visited Martha and Mary at Bethany— taught and encouraged his disciples to pray—dined — with a Pharisee, and gave the most severe reproofs. In this practical review of the life of Jesus, it is intended to introduce the principal occurrences according to their regular order, where it can be ascertained ; but on some occasions we may be allowed to depart from it, for a more convenient division of the subject into different sections. It is not of so much importance to arrange and harmonize the four ‘Gospels, as to obtain a right knowledge of the glorious Character there delineated, and participate the rich blessings proposed to us. AsJesus designed to take one more journey through Galilee, he chose out a large company of assistants, whom he sent before to every town which he himself meant to visit, that, by their preaching, a serious at- tention might be excited among the people, and their minds disposed to receive him upon his personal appearance*. The twelve Apostles had already gone forth with his commission, and now he selected SEVENTY other persons, the exact number fixed on for the relief of Moses in his office t. These also he divided into pairs, that they might strengthen each other’s hands; and, upon their departure, he gave them instructions similar to those which he had de- * Luke x. 1, &c. + Numb. xi. 16. © JESUS CHRIST. 151 ‘livered to the Apostles. This appointment, proba- ‘bly, took place before his attendance at the feast of tabernacles, last mentioned. He addressed them to the following purpose :— **Unite your fervent prayers for more labourers to be sent out into the very extensive field which lies before you, that the harvest may be gathered in ; for, though a large addition is now made, there is suf- ficient work to call for a further increase. And, as none should presume to intrude themselves into this employment, your application should be to the great Lord of the harvest, who alone can discern the proper persons, and furnish them with all necessary pre- parations for the sacred function. You go forth under my directions ‘as lambs among wolves,’ in the face of furious adversaries, who will endeavour to harass and destroy you. But commit yourselves to the care of divine Providence ; nor take with you ‘any supplies for your temporal support. Like men in haste, who are despatched upon urgent business, “you are to lose no time in vain compliments *: yet neglect not to give the strongest proofs of your bene- volence, by praying for every family which you visit : and You at least, if not They, shall receive the benefit. Whatever entertainment may be offered, ‘you will not scruple to accept it, as the wages earned y your labour ; but remove not from one house to another for your own indulgence, or in search of better accommodations. In confirmation of your doctrine, and as an intimation of its benign tendency, » I now invest you with full powers to heal the sick; but at the same time you must proclaim the approach of the Saviour, coming to establish his kingdom. ‘While you depart from the people who despise your message, solemnly warn them of their sin and danger, since aggravated ruin will come upon them for their contempt of mercy. The curse of an incensed God “* 2°Kings iv. 29, > | | 152 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. , awaits the inhabitants of those cities which have scornfully rejected my ministry; and, however ex= alted their privileges haye been, they shall finally perish with a much more tremendous destruction than even those abandoned places, Sodom, Tyre, and Sidon, which have already felt the weight of divine vengeance. Thus, also, I shall consider myself, and my Almighty Father likewise, either as regarded or contemned by the persons among whom you shall discharge your embassy ; and upon their conduct towards you their everlasting salvation or perdition will depend.” What eager solicitude, what a generous concern, did Jesus discover for the welfare of mankind! What various methods he devised, to save immortal souls! He sent out, we observe, a numerous company of harbingers and heralds, proclaiming pardon and peace; and he himself took one laborious journey after another, for the same benevolent purpose. Nor was his love less conspicuous when he warned the despisers of his Gospel that the most tremendous woes were coming upon them; for he poured out his heart in deep distress on their account. Still he presides as Head aver his church ; and still, with a view to rescue sinners from eternal misery, he raises up and employs many ambassadors in his service, to whom he “commits the word of recon- ciliation.” “And, as it seems most probable that he will promote the cate of truth and righteousness in the earth by means of faithful and evangelical ministers, we should unite our prayers to him for their increase, that by their testimony his name may be declared from town to town, and from one kingdom to another. Where he sends his messengers, we are encouraged to hope that he himself will soon appear, for the advancement of his own glory. Yes; he will be present to support and prosper them in their arduous and important work, He has promised, JESUS CHRIST. 153 “To! I am with you alway, even unto the end _of the world *.” We would, therefore, entreat those, among whom this proclamation of mercy is made, to consider how much depends upon it. “ It is not a vain thing for, you, because it is your life +.” If it be not effectual to save you, it will aggravate your condemnation. Those, who “watch for your souls,” will finally witness either for or against you, according to the reception which you give to their words. They are the representatives of their adorable Lord and Master, who will shortly arise to vindicate his own cause: and how will you meet him, if you treat his gracious proposals with scorn or indifference ? The seventy disciples returned to Jesus, perhaps about the feast of tabernacles, with an account of their ministry. They appeared to be elated, as having succeeded beyond their expectation ; and ex- pressed their grateful surprise, because the very devils were subject to them through his name, as if nothing, from that time, should be able to stand against them. Jesus himself, also, triumphed in the downfal of Satan, not only as approying the punish~- ment inflicted on him for his original apostacy, but as foreseeing the ruin of his interest and kingdom in the world to be approaching. He promised, there- fore, to confirm to his disciples the miraculous powers which they had exercised, and to support them against every snare and danger. But, lest they should “be exalted above measure” through their distinguished privileges, he reminded them that these were comparatively of little worth, and that it was a far greater cause of thankfulness and joy to be ad- mitted into the family of God, and enrolled among the heirs of heaven, than to possess the most absolute dominion over thé infernal spirits. On this occasion the Saviour exulted in his heart, © Matt. xxviii. 20. + Deut. xxxii. 47. 154 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. and broke forth into expressions of grateful satis. faction, from the prospect of what these feeble instruments should accomplish, though opposed by persons of consummate wisdom and prudence. But how profound the mystery! Salvation is revealed to. those who are weak, and of as little account as babes, | while men of admired abilities and high rank remain, in ignorance and contempt of it. In this inscrutable dispensation Jesus acquiesced and rejoiced. The Lord God is a righteous Sovereign ; and, under a full - conviction of his equity, we should submit implicitly to his appointments, though we see not the reasons of them. It should suffice us that “so it seeme good in his sight.” he Jesus took that opportunity, also, to direct the regard of: his disciples to himself, as united with the — Father in the grand economy of grace, as possessing an extent of power and understanding far beyond the reach of any creature, and as the only One, who, from his own immediate and intuitive knowledge, can declare the nature and will of God. Then like- wise, to excite their thankfulness for being acquainted - with him, he congratulated them apart from the rest, because they were favoured with higher privi- leges, and clearer discernment in divine things, than many of the most eminent characters in old times, prophets and kings, who were beloved of God. And are not our obligations immense, if we “haye obtained like-precious faith,” and can on solid ground conclude that our “ names are written in the book of life?” For, “how great things hath God done for us!” We need not envy those who were invested even with the apostolical commission and miraculous powers. That grace, which is infinitely more va- luable, is bestowed upon us. Our distinguished felicity appears the more remarkable, when we observe that many are destitute of it, who in every other respect are far advanced above us. Are we the ” > JESUS CHRIST. 155 * babes,” to whom God “ hath revealed these things?” The reason must be sought, not in us, but in his un- earchable counsels. Surely in the contemplation of this mercy we shall cry out, with wonder, love, and praise, “ Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in thy sight.” Let us also pray for those, who are yet in darkness, that they may partake of our happiness, by being “ called into marvellous light :” that their eyes may be blessed, in beholding the glory and excel- lency of our Redeemer. ‘During some part of our Lord’s address to the se- venty upon their return, it should seem that he was surrounded by a large company. Among the rest Was a certain lawyer, one of those who studied and expounded the law of Moses. He, professing some regard, but designing to involve him in a difficulty, came forward, and proposed a question. It is likely that he felt much self-confidence, or entertained a secret contempt of Jesus, while he begged to be informed what he must do for the attainment of ‘eternal life. The subject is indeed important above all others; and had the information been asked with an humble teachable disposition, Jesus would not have refused a direct and explicit answer. But, as he knew the proud and captious temper of the man, he replied in a way which might tend to humble or silence him. He referred him to the demands of the Taw (upon his obedience to which the Scribe placed his dependence), assuring him that an entire com- pliance with those claims of perfect love, both to God and men, would entitle him to the blessedness of heaven, as the just recompense of his deeds ; « This do, and thou shalt live:” as if he had said, Perform, in their utmost extent, without dimi-— nution or interruption, all the injunctions of God’ righteous commands, and sure and everlasting rewa will await thee: but the least deviation or defect wi expose thee to condemnation *.” & # See Gal. iii, 10—13. ll | 156 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. In the same manner it may be proper to treat all such persons as value themselves on their supposed goodness. This method seems calculated to con= vince them of their ignorance and presumption ; so that the law may serve “ as a schoolmaster to bring | them unto Christ, that they may be justified by faith *.” We ask, if your hopes are built on your) own duties, are you aware how much is required of| you? Have you never failed of loving God supremely ' and fervently, with all your heart, soul, strength, | and mind ; or your neighbour as yourselves? If these dispositions have had their constant and full influence upon you, from your earliest moments to this present hour, you need not implore mercy, or be indebted to the Saviour: on the ground of justice, according to “ the law of works,” you may expect and even claim eternal life. But does not this very repre- sentation awaken your fears, rather than flatter your pride, or confirm your vain confidence ? ; What effect was produced upon the Scribe? He was neither humbled nor silenced ; but still desirous tostand upon his own defence, and perhaps in order to evade conviction, he proposed another question, « Who is my neighbour?” From this circumstance our Lord took occasion to confute the erroneous notion, then generally prevalent, that neighbours included only particular friends, and such as were situated near to each other, or connected by the bonds of kindred or religion. The sense of the law was confined within a narrow compass, while it was thought that none but persons of this description only have any claim upon our benevolence. Jesus, however, showed that we are indispensably required to extend our utmost kindness to all our fellow-crea- tures in distress, of whatever nation or profession, though separated from us, or even incensed against us, by party quarrels or distinctions. Thi i in the parable of the good Samaritan, an + See Gal. iii, 24, JESUS CHRIST. 157 and instructive little history, the circumstances of which are so naturally combined, and related with such simplicity, that it cannot fail to interest every reader. A Jew is represented as reduced to the most cala- mitous and dangerous condition, through the vio- lence of robbers. Two men of sacred character, a Priest, and a Levite, travelling the same road, were witnesses of his misery: and though their office, in an especial manner, should have disposed them to every act of tenderness and compassion, they turned away from the painful sight, without even attempt- ing his relief. But a Samaritan, who was taught from his earliest years to hate and avoid the Jews, felt commiseration upon the first view of the wretched object. Forgetting the odious contentions between the two nations, he ran to his assistance, and, with peculiar kindness, made effectual provision for his support. Such a conduct was the strongest proof of benevolence. He bound up the wounds of a stranger in misfortune, and supplied the necessities of a plun- dered enemy. Even this bigoted Scribe was con- strained to admire the Samaritan, and to confess that he had shown himself a neighbour indeed. The proper application is pointed out. To each of us, as well as to the lawyer, the Saviour says, “ Go, and do thou likewise.”” There cannot be a more de- licate or more forcible reproof of a cruel, covetous, and narrow mind ; or a more striking representation of the necessity and happy effects of an enlarged charity. How unbounded, how active and generous, should our love be! But do we really appear to pos- sess such adisposition? Where are the fruits? Do we not betray a proud, contracted, and unfeeling spirit? Are we not restrained from doing good, some- times by selfishness, sometimes by malevolence ? Alas! who can say that he has uniformly looked upon all men as his neighbours, and treated them VOL. Iv. P a 158 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. with the same kindness which he should expect for’ himself in similar circumstances? How little do we resemble our great Pattern, who has exhibited the most extensive and disinterested benevolence! The Lord Jesus ‘““ remembered us in our low estate,” and, though we were “ sinners and enemies,” stretched out his arm to rescue us from misery, but gave himself a sacrifice, and “ died for the ungodly*.” May the contemplation of this love excite us to “ love one another, with a pure heart fervently t !” At Bethany, about two miles distant from Jeru- not only’ salem, lived an amiable family, to which our Lord seems to have been much attached. It was probably upon his return from the feast of tabernacles that he called at this village to visit Lazarus and his sisters. The interview is mentioned, chiefly that we may remark the different kinds of attention which these two pious women paid to Jesus. They both received’ him with great affection. Mary placed herself at his feet, like an humble scholar, with an eager desire to imbibe his important instructions. But Martha, to whom perhaps the chief care of their domestic affairs belonged, discovered her regard to him by her soli- citude to provide a proper entertainment. The latter, however, being too intent upon that object, com- plained, with some marks of peevishness, that her sister did not help her. Their Visitant, upon this, with much tenderness reproved Martha for her un- seasonable and immoderate anxiety about the various: concerns of the family, or the preparing of such ac- commodations as were trifling, if not needless; and at the same time solemnly reminded her, that, while’ many lower matters engaged her attention and dis tracted her thoughts, “ one thing” was of absolute necessity, and that all others should give place to it. On this ground he commended the conduct of Mary, who appeared to be more “ spiritually minded,” as * Rom. v. 6—10: + 1 Pets i, 22, * ys . JESUS CHRIST, _ 159 improving the opportunity for her own greatest ad- vantage. He declared that Mary had acted wisely in preferring “the good part,” because it is excellent in itself, and infinitely more valuable than all earthly possessions. It is, what they are not, secure and inviolable. : The example as well as the observations of Jesus, upon this occasion, will furnish solid instruction. We should learn from him to show the influence of our religion, as well in our common intercourse with each other as in the temple and closet. In every house where he was admitted he delivered his hea- venly doctrines, “ his mouth speaking wisdom, and his tongue talking of judgment *.” ‘And shall we be unwilling or ashamed to introduce any mention of our spiritual concerns, wherever we may be? How do we appear to have the mind of Christ, if divine things engage no part of our private conversation? Do not some plead the cares of a family, the hurry of business, and an attention to company, as if these were of the first consequence, or as if God were to be regarded, and the interests of the soul consulted, only in the second place? What, then, has Jesus taught you? He declares “‘ One thing is needful:” but how | many things are so in your estimation! That which ~he enjoins you, as important above all others, is either totally forgotten, or thrust aside, that you may be more at leisure to pursue what is of little worth, and cannot long be secured. Even some. pious persons are much obstructed in their spiritual progress through an excessive anxiety about their secular af- fairs. They do not, therefore, as they ought, glorify God by bringing forth fruit abundantly, nor do they: enjoy the comforts of religion in themselves. But the greater part of mankind seem entirely carnal; for they propose no higher object to themselves than to gratify their animal nature; as if “ the one thing * Peal. xxxvii. 20. 160 SCRIFTURE CHARACTERS. needful” were to make the most of the present life, to eat, drink, and be merry. A zealous regard tore- — ligion is condemned and derided, as extreme folly, though it be the truest wisdom. The servant of Jesus, who is observed to “sit at his feet and hear his word,” is complained of as deserting his post. But his divine Master will plead his cause to the confusion of his opponents ; and, when they shall be for ever separated from ali that is now dear to them, he will possess a treasure and a happiness in the heavens, “ which shall not be taken away from him.” On another occasion, and in a different place, where Jesus had retired, he was requested by one of his disciples, at the conclusion of his devotions, to teach them to pray, as John also had taught his fol- lowers *. It cannot be supposed that they had con- tinued so long with him in ignorance or neglect of this duty ; for they must have learned the necessity of it both from his example and his exhortations. But they now desired some particular instructions, perhaps some form of prayer, to be delivered to them: and it is supposed that the most eminent Jewish masters, as well as John the Baptist, gave their re- spective scholars and adherents a short model for their worship. In compliance with their wishes, then, he repeated, with certain trifling alterations, that brief but comprehensive address to God, with which he had furnished them before, as a directory for their devotions ; and now he appointed it to be used as a stated form t. It has been already observed that it might be adapted to the peculiar situation of the disciples, and intended only for that period. We could not, how- ever, at the same time, help remarking, that, as the expressions are suitable for Christians in all ages and circumstances, it may still be retained with great propriety, both in public and private worship, though * Luke xi. 1—13. + See Sect, 10. JESUS. CHRIST. 161 not to the exclusion of other petitions. The compo- sition is wonderful and excellent, beyond any com- mendation which we can offer. We call upon those, who desire to serve God acceptably, to study the full sense of all its parts distinctly, and endeavour to enter into its true spirit. Consider how you pray. You are here taught to approach to God with affection and confidence as to your Father, yet with profound reverence as to him who “ hath prepared his throne -in the heavens.” His name should be dear to you; and you should implore grace for others, that it may be known and sanctified in every place, requesting also that he would establish his kingdom in righteous- ness by the everlasting Gospel, and that all the in- habitants of the earth may unite with those of heaven in yielding him a cheerful and perfect obedience. Looking up in faith, you must ask your daily support from him. You must confess to him your numerous and aggravated offences, humbly seeking his forgive- ness, and declaring your readiness to pardon every injury received from your fellow-creatures. Yet, as you will be constantly exposed to fresh temptations, entreat him to strengthen and preserve you by the power of his Spirit, and to rescue you out of the hands of your enemy. Such are the supplications which you are taught to offer ; but you should pray as persons in earnest, who are unwilling to take a denial. Our Lord assures you, that, as one man prevails upon another, if not by argument, or through the influence of friendship, yet by his incessant solicitation, you also, by the fervour and importunity of your requests, may have power with God, and obtain his blessing. The pro- mises of Jesus for your success are absolute and in-~ violable. No instance can be produced of any one © continuing to wait upon God with unwearied dili- gence and ardent devotion, who was finally rejected. You are encouraged to expect a favourable answer, P3 162 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. from God’s parental disposition. If you feel the affection of a father, what would you not grant to your beloved offspring, who earnestly entreat your assistance ? You, indeed, who are “ evil,” may easily be warped from your duty, under the influence of corrupt passions; yet you cannot refuse to relieve your children. And shall God withhold any thing — really good from those who send up their unceasing petitions to him? No: he will give them his Holy Spirit, which will “ fulfil all the good pleasure of his goodness.” But, ah! how cold, how lifeless, are your prayers, if the duty be at all attempted! Shall you complain, or wonder, that you succeed no better? Will you not be roused to greater fervour? But, if you “ restrain prayer before God,” and call not upon his name, your guilt is extreme; and his tender mercies in waiting to be gracious will render you the more inexcusable. It may be difficult, nor is it of any real importance, to ascertain the exact connexion of the following narrative. But at another time, when Jesus was delivering his instructions to the people, he received an invitation to dinner from a Pharisee, which he immediately accepted with his general affability and condescension *. It should seem from the sequel, and from the manner of our Lord’s address, that a scheme was formed to insnare him, and that for this purpose a large company of his usual opponents was collected together. But their malicious project was baffled ; and they met with a most severe reprehen- sion for their odious hypocrisy, and the numerous in- consistencies of their conduct. Jesus sat down to eat without observing the com- mon ceremony of washing his hands; when the ma- ster of the house, who narrowly watched him, secretly condemned him for the neglect. Our Lord was aware of the objection, though it was not avowed; and * Luke xi. $7, & Oe ¢ JESUS CHRIST. 163 therefore he took the opportunity, not so much of vindicating himself, as of exposing the folly and dis- simulation of the Pharisees imgeneral. Many: were then before him, and yet with remarkable plainness and courage he reproved them, while he detected their avarice and oppression, their pride and malig- nity of heart. He pointed out their absurdity in paying such scrupulous attention to external purifi- cations, while their minds were filled with schemes of rapine, and various kinds of wickedness. He ex- horted them to consider that the God who made them would not be satisfied with any outward observances, and that their great object should be to approve themselves tohim. He urged them to renounce their covetousness and cruel exactions, and to be kind and liberal to the poor ; in which way their food would be ‘much more effectually sanctified to them than merely by the cleansing of their hands. Their danger was not be concealed ; and there- fore, that they might no longer flatter themselves, he addressed them in language the most authoritative and majestic, and denounced against them one tre- mendous wo upon another for their neglect of real and inward holiness while they boasted of their for- malities. He exposed, also, their ostentation and ambition, and their egregious hypocrisy, by which so many were deceived to their utter ruin. Jesus having included the Scribes in one of his re- proofs, a person then present, belonging to that pro- fession, expressed some degree of warmth that they too should be so severely censured. But neither fear- ing their anger nor courting their favour, he pro- ceeded to condemn them for enjoining so many bur- densome rites upon the people, by their absurd interpretations and traditions, while they themselves observed not their own precepts. They pretended a regard for the ancient prophets, and built the tombs of the men whom their fathers had slain. But, as 164 — SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. ; ’ . they inherited the cruel and persecuting disposition of their ancestors, they were convicted of the grosses hypocrisy; and the very sepulchres which they-erecte witnessed against them. Jesus therefore, knowin what was in their hearts, and what terrible cons quences would follow from their violent opposition | the Apostles and preachers of the Gospel, solemnl declared that God, in righteous judgment, woul shortly reckon with that generation, and bring the most awful desolations upon them for all the blood o: his martyred saints which had been shed from th foundation of the world. These perverse pear of the law had to answer likewise for the general ig. norance of the people. By their false, though spe=' cious comments, they locked up the grand treasury of divine knowledge, and prevented others from re~— ceiving the Saviour. How great an aggravation of their own guilt} How could it be otherwise than that the curse of God should rest upon them ? Such were the reproofs of Jesus, suited, no doubt, 1 to the state and temper of his hearers. It is not for us, who possess not his information or authority, to thunder out anathemas in the same manner. But his ministers, surely, should learn from him to be bold — and strenuous in rebuking sin, and to declare, with- out respect of persons, that “the wrath of God cometh on the children of disobedience*.” Very frequent — occasions call for language of this kind: for how nu- merous is the company of gross offenders, as well as ceremonious hypocrites! Shall the servant of the Lord, then, keep silence, or debase his office by — smooth and flattering addresses? No: “ whether men will hear, or whether they will forbear,” he must — “cry aloud and spare not,” while he faithfully “shows — them their transgression.” The event must be left — to God. What effect had our Lord’s address upon his proud * Col. iii, 6. JESUS CHRIST. 165 nd captious auditors? Their indignation was kindled, d yet they knew not how to vent it. They set ‘pon him with fury, urging him to speak on various bjects, only that they might bring an accusation ainst him. But such was his wisdom, that their chemes could not prevail. Their case stands as an dmonition to future ages: and from them we should ye warned to beware of formality, and of opposition 0 Christ or his people. . How terrible the condem- iation of those who are incensed by the very word which should humble them! “ Wherefore, as the oly Ghost saith, To-day, if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts *.” | ® Heb. iii. 7, 8. 166 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 25. Jesus warned his disciples of hypocrisy and cowardice ; delivered the parable of the rich fool—gave cautiom against werldliness—exhorted to prepare for hii coming—foretold violent persecutions—preached tht necessity of repentance, on the massacre of the Galt leans—described the barren fig-tree—healed an im: Jirm woman on the cables alec that many will be shut out of heaven—his message to Herod, and lamention for Jerusalem. Tue conclusion of the preceding section repre sented our Lord, in the midst of malicious enemies, at the house of a Pharisee, where he was invited to dine. During his continuance there, so great was the eage ness of the people without to hear his instructions that an immense company, consisting of many thou sands, assembled together, and even trampled on each other, from an earnest desire to be near him*. To gratify their wishes, therefore, he went out, and, im the presence of them all, gave a solemn charge to his disciples, that they might not be misled or discouraged by the opponents with whom he had been contending, He cautioned them to beware of that dissimulation which he had just condemned in the Pharisees, and which would operate in them like leayen, impercepti< bly spreading its influence around. It were easy to assume the garb of religion, and make high pretences to a peculiar sanctity. But what would this avail > As it cannot impee upon ne so there is a day . i. 1, &c, 3 JESUS CHRIST. 167. aing, when it shall be published to the whole rid ; for every secret thing shall be brought to ht. Ah! how different from our present apprehen- n will many-characters then appear! What dis- aesty, treachery, and oppression, what malice and enge, what lewdness and intemperance, will be covered, which are now concealed from human ob- Yation, and often cloaked under a show of piety ! 10 shall stand the test of that scrutiny ? Those who iv possess no more than a painted outside will then he objects of contempt and abhorrence. he disciples had seen something of the furious position of these insidious adversaries, which might 7e had a bad effect upon their minds, in deterring m from a bold profession of the Gospel. Jesus, efore, thus exhorted them to maintain a holy nness in their adherence to his cause :—“ You, my bnds, must prepare to meet with cruel persecution ; t in my service it will be dishonourable for you to bad those who may resist, however great and power- they may be. You cannot suffer much or long m their rage. They may, possibly, be permitted ake away the life of your bodies; but their mali- us efforts can extend no further. Let the Lord hd Omnipotent be the sole object of your fear. His quence reaches to the eternal world, and if he be enemy, he can render you miserable both in ur bodies and your souls for ever. Commit your- ves to his care, and he will provide for your sup- t. He, who forgetteth not the sparrows, worth- s as they may seem, is constantly mindful of your utest concerns: ‘the very hairs of your head are ‘numbered.’ But, whatever temporal advantages a may lose for your attachment to me, I, your Lord 1 Master, whom you are not ashamed to follow, lt acknowledge, approve, and honour you, before at glorious assemblage of angels, who shall attend » in the day of my future appearance. Then the 168 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. persons who have declined an open profession of i name, through cowardice or other worldly motives shall meet with a different recompense ; ina manne equally public they shall be disowned and rejected, @ b.se and detestable characters. They, indeed, who noy oppose Me, may yet obtain forgiveness: Iam the S of man, who come in mercy, not in judgment. the case of those, who continue to despise the mult plied testimonies of the Holy Ghost, and blasphe mously ascribe his operations to the influence of Satan is remediless and desperate, their sin unpardonable That divine Agent, whom they treat with impion scorn, will afford You his most gracious direction am support in your severest trials. Depending on hi aid, you may cheerfully face your persecutors, whe you are called to answer at their tribunals: He y inspire you with wisdom and courage, and furnish yor with words and arguments to plead my cause, so th you shall never be confounded before them.” Such were the Saviour’s exhortations to his ancie disciples: and surely of us also he requires the sam steadfastness of faith, the same contempt of the rag and threatenings of men, the same unshaken a herence to him and his service. Haveave any reas0 for dread, while the God of aries rans to sus tain, protect, and comfort us, and a crown of glory secured to us at the end of our warfare? Let th tremble for the consequences, who, in opposing Chri undertake to “fight against God.” However h patience may bear long with them, at last he arise to execute judgment, when they’shall be driy away “as chaff before the wind,” and overwhelm with everlasting horror and despair. After this address, Jesus was desired by one-of company to persuade his brother toagree to a fair vision of their paternal inheritance. This our declined, as being a matter totally foreign to his ch racter and office. His grand design was to dra ho eel = ¢ : _ JESUS CHRIST. ; 169 men’s: attention to their spiritual concerns; and therefore he took occasion, from this dispute between the brothers, to warn his hearers against covetousness,, one great cause of contentions in the world. He ob- served, that an eager solicitude to procure temporal possessions is absurd, since the largest property will not prolong our lives, or render them truly com- fortable. He then showed the fatal tendency of an immode- rate attachment to present things, by a very striking _ parable. A person is described as receiving a vast augmentation of fortune by the fertility of his ground, and intent upon making the most of his substance.— He proposed to erect more capacious granaries, in which his increasing store might be secured, and flattered himself withthe prospect of affluence, ease, aud sensual indulgence, for many years. Having attained the summit of his wishes, he determined to retire from the hurry of business, and take all the enjoyments which his wealth could furnish. Who would not have pronounced him a wise and happy man? But his schemes of pleasure and earthly feli- city were suddenly broken; and, in the midst of his plans for the gratification of his animal nature, he was summoned away into the presence of an angry God. He was condemned in the court of heaven for the most egregious folly, and his soul was required to enter upon a far different state of existence; while © his boasted possessions were consigned to others, not being able to protract the execution of the sentence for one moment. Alas! how common the character ! Our Lord declared that all those are in a similar situation who are anxious to become opulent, and wish to spend their substance upon themselves, with- out consulting the will of God, or regarding the ne- cessities of others, and who at the same time are at no pains to obtain the far more valuable riches of divine grace. VOL. IV. Q 170. SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. Jesus proceeded to caution his disciples against an inordinate attention to worldly circumstances, as being inconsistent with the true spirit of the Gospel, as implying a distrust of God, and a comparative neglect of eternal things. On this occasion he repeated some sentiments, which he had before advanced in his ser« mon upon the mount, while he spake to the following purpose :—“I charge it upon you not to distract your minds with any secular cares, not even for the necessary provision of food or raiment. Will not He, who gave you life, supply you with the proper means of supporting it? The great God sustains the ravens without any contrivance on their parts; and will he forget you, who are so much more valuable in his sight? Besides, your utmost solicitude cannot effec- tually secure to you the least advantage : it cannot add, in any degree, to your stature or your age. Look also upon the inanimate world, and observe God’s minute attention to the very-lilies, which, without their la- bour, he has decked with glorious ornaments, far sur- passing the richest attire of the most exalted mon- archs. Shall he, then, bestow such a profusion of beauty upon the short-lived flowers, and not furnish you with suitable apparel? You are the objects of his choice and love, though you are so backward to trust him. It is incongruous to your character to be intent upon such trifling concerns, and perplexed about your temporal support. This, indeed, may be the case with those who know not God; but you should leave the care of yourselves with the God of heaven, who is your Father, and who, as he perceives, can readily bestow what is needful for you. Only be you vigorously pressing towards his kingdom of glory; and, in addition to better, you shall possess those earthly blessings, which shall be expedient for you. In the prospect of that kingdom, go forth with courage, fee- ble and defenceless as you may seem: for, though you are a ‘little flock,’ your Father has decreed, and will JESUS CHRIST. 171 rejoice, to fix you in that blissful inheritance, to which He conducts you. This hope, surely, will render you comparatively mdifferent about your worldly property, and dispose you to part with it, if God shall call you to the trial. This expectation will kindle a feeling re- gard for the poor. They demand a share in your wealth, and you will not refuse it. You will be chiefly solicitous to secure to yourselves those treasures of which you cannot be deprived, and which will pre+ serve their value and their lustre for evermore. These alone merit the affections of your hearts ; and if in- deed you have chosen them for your portion, your thoughts and desires will be directed to that more than to any other object.” Such manner of persons were the primitive Chris- tians required to be: and is it allowable for modera Christians to be engrossed with secular pursuits, or principally attentive to the supports and comforts of the animal life? No: it is still as necessary as ever for the disciples of Jesus to be “spiritually minded,” and weaned from this present world. If,then,our hap- piness be placed upon any temporal possessions or car- nal gratifications, we have not imbibed the spirit of the Gospel: and this very criterion, we fear, will prove that many among us have never felt the real influence of that religion which is so generally pro- fessed. Let us beware for ourselves, and listen more carefully to our divine Teacher, whose continued ex- hortations call off our regard from all inferior con- cerns, that we may be waiting for our dismission from the body, and seeking a suitable preparation for eter- nity. Our Lord proceeded :—“ You are stationed here only for a short season, and on a particular service. - You are, therefore, to be constantly expecting the re-_ turn of your Lord, diligently attending to your pro- per work, with ‘your loins girded about,’ like men in readiness for a journey, or any vigorous exertions, and with ‘ your lights burning,’ standing in a proper 172 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | posture’for the honourable reception of your Master. — He may come suddenly ; and therefore it is for you to be watching every moment, lest you be confounded at the intimations of his approach. The faithful and the active servant, thus persevering to the end, shall be gloriously distinguished when the Son of man ap- peareth.” Peter inquired whether the exhortation was. de- signed for all, or for the Apostles in particular. Je- — sus replied, “Wherever the steward of approved fidelity and prudence shall be placed, if his Lord shall find him performing the duties of his office, and dis- charging his important trust, he shall obtain peculiar ' notice, and be advanced to a state of high dignity. But the careless and slothful servant, who, presuming upon the delay of his Lord’s return, shall abuse the confidence reposed in him, and proceed to acts of op- pression and intemperance, shall be awfully surprised in the midst of his sin and folly, and instantly de- stroyed without remedy. The man who clearly un- derstands, and yet despises, his Master’s will, shall feel the greatest severity ; for the degree of future punishment shall be proportionate to the advantages and opportunities enjoyed upon earth, according to that equitable maxim, ‘ Unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required.’ ” . The admonition should rouse us to a serious in- quiry how we are acquitting ourselves in our respec- tive places. Are we properly fulfilling our trust? If our Lord should appear, could we meet him with joy, or expect a ‘favourable reception from him? Are we waiting for his coming? On the contrary, are we not negligent and treacherous, endeavouring to put away from us the thought of death and judgment? One thing, however, we must allow; we have had clear in- formation in our duty: repeated calls and exhorta- tions have been addressed to our consciences by religious books, by friends and ministers.” Much, in- deed, in various ways, has been committed to us; JESUS CHRIST. | 173 which, if we remain impenitent, will render our _ ' guilt more heinous, and our condemnation more ag- gravated. Many might be looking for temporal advantages | from the service of Jesus; and therefore, to obviate their mistake, he observed, “The most violent con- tentions will prevail, in consequence of my Gospel ; | yet, afilictive as these may be, I cannot but earnestly wish that they were already begun. I have myself extreme agonies to endure ; and, though I see the whole before me, I long to enter upon the conflict, and feel the most ardent desires for the great event to be accomplished. Let my followers, therefore, be content to be opposed and hated; for my kingdom, though calculated to produce universal peace, will occasion the most unnatural and furious contests, because of the general prejudice and enmity against it. Many of those, who are united by the strongest ties of kin- dred, will now forget their obligations, and show a violent aversion to such as claim their tenderest re- gard.. This must be ascribed to the perverseness of men, who reject my doctrine in contempt of the clearest evidences. They are attentive enougli to the common concerns of life, and discover much ingenuity in judging of the wind and the weather: but, ah! how stupidly unmindful of the surprising testimonies which God has given of his Son! Might not reason itself have led them to a more consistent determina- tion? Is there any one liable to be convicted of an offence, for which he may suffer the severest penalties of the law, who will not be disposed to seek reconcilia- tion with his adversary, while any favourable terms can be obtained? Give diligence, then, to procure forgiveness, with your offended God, before he pro- ceed against you and summon you to judgment, when nothing but rigorous justice can be looked for, and the everlasting punishment due to your iniquities will be inflicted.” Q$ 174% SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. Let us seriously attend to these declarations of our Redeemer. The effects which he foretold have: taken — place: furious and bloody persecutions have been i raised against his faithful disciples; and even to this — day these persons are generally opposed and hated by — some of their nearest relatives. Let us not, however, be intimidated by the prospect of any difficulties in his service ; but, while we contemplate his courage and zeal in meeting death itself for our sakes, let us cheerfully follow. We blame the stupidity of the Jews in their obstinate rejection of the Messiah ; but do We discern the character, and unfeignedly submit to the authority, of Jesus? O, let us gladly accept his mediation, that we may not come under the wrath of Almighty God, as we have deserved, nor be cast into that prison, from whence there can be no deli- verance ! Some of our Lord’s audience acquainted him with the terrible slaughter of certain seditious Galileans, whom Pilate had put to death, even while they were offering their sacrifices*. But, without passing any judgment on their case, he endeavoured to turn :the attention of the people to their own perilous situation, representing them all as equally in a state of ruin, and exposed not merely to temporal calamities, but to eternal perdition, without an entire change and renovation. Those who are destroyed suddenly, and by any singular affliction (as the Galileans, and others who had been killed by the fall of the tower of Siloam), are often considered as offenders of the most atrocious kind, marked out, by the visitation of an angry God, as monuments of his peculiar vengeance. Jesus, however, has here taught us not to decide against them in so rash a manner, or to set ourselves above them, but seriously toremember our own danger, and the absolute necessity of our conversion. ‘He so- * Luke xiii. 1, &e. JESUS CHRIST. 175 lemnly declared twice together, “ Except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.” Is this awful assertion sufficiently regarded? Do not many draw the most uncharitable conclusions against others, and presump- tuously flatter themselves on their supposed compa- rative excellence? It is allowed that persons of avery profligate character have incurred the divine displeasure, and must be reformed; but those, who have been regular in their conduct, cannot bear to be ranked upon a level with them, or believe that there is any need of deep contrition for themselves. This is indeed a fatal delusion: since all inherit a natural depravity, all must be renewed and sanctified ; to those who are not, salvation is impossible. To impress them with a sense of their danger, Jesus delivered a parable. A fig-tree, planted in a well-cultivated soil, disappointed the owner’s wishes for three successive years. As it produced nothing, it cumbered the ground. Its foliage, unaccompanied with fruit, was no compensation for the pains and ex- pense of the proprietor, who therefore directed it to be cut down. The servant to whom the care of the trees was committed requested that it might be spared one year longer, till further expedients were tried ; and then it was agreed, that, if it still continued bar- ren, it should be destroyed as utterly hopeless. The instructions hereby conveyed are obvious. It is, surely, a reasonable injunction, that those who are placed in the church, under the culture of religious means and ordinances, should bring forth fruit unto God. But ah! how many, even in such a favoured situation, remain unprofitable, and therefore must necessarily be displeasing to God! Through the in- tercession of his Son, or the prayers of his ministers, he may graciously delay his threatened vengeance; but the time of his patience is limited, and, if repeated warnings produce no good effect upon them, the stroke of justice must fall: they shall feel the weight of his indignation. 176 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. As Jesus travelled through Galilee, he vr | the public worship of the synagogues on the sabbath. _ In one of these assemblies, a poor unhappy woman, — who had been bowed together by infirmity for eigh- — teen years, excited his compassion ; and instantly, without any solicitation, he restored her to health and Pi vigour. Such a miraculous display of power and be- __ nevolence should have drawn forth praises from every tongue. But the ruler of the synagogue objected to it with indignation, as if it had been a profanation of the sacred. day. Jesus, however, convicted him of the grossest hypocrisy in his pretended zeal for God, and defended his own conduct, in relieving this af-. flicted creature, from the attention which they all paid to their very cattle on the sabbath. Acts of mercy, we observe, as well as those of necessity, are not prohibited as an infringement of the holy rest. His enemies, therefore, were ashamed of their oppo- sition; and the common people were the more at- tached to him for his wonderful operations. On that occasion he repeated the parable of the grain of mus- tard-seed, and that also of the Jeaven, in both which he represented the gradual and extensive enlarge- ment of his spiritual kingdom, notwithstanding the resistance it should meet with. The hatred and violence of men shall not frustrate the counsel of God. His Gospel shall spread ;.and its blessed influence shall be felt and acknowledged through all the na- tions of the earth. Our Lord proceeded from one city and village to another, directing his course to Jerusalem. In every place he scattered the good seed of divine truth, | diligently improving the short time which now re- mained for him in the world. Upon the road, as it should seem, a question was put to him by one of the company, ‘“ Lord, are there few that be saved?” The inquiry was probably made through vain curiosity, which Jesus never gratified: and, therefore, instead of _ giving a direct answer, he thus addressed himself to JESUS CHRIST. A777 the consciences of the people, exhorting them to be earnestly solicitous for their own salvation, rather than to indulge any subtle speculations about that of others :— “The path to heaven lies through a strait gate, which is difficult of access, and your entrance may be _ resisted by numerous enemies. Be not, however, dis- | couraged ; but contend for admission in the most re- solute manner, and break through every obstruction. Many, who are totally indifferent about eternal life, or refuse to go in the only appointed way, will shortly find that the door is finally and for ever barred against them. It will then be too late to implore the divine mercy. Though they cry ever so importu- nately, ‘ Lord, Lord, open unto us,’ the great Ma- ster of the household will reply, ‘I know you not.’ ‘He will not admit the plea of their former high pri- vileges or honourable situation in the church; but dissemblers, formalists, and all who die in impeni- tence, shall be covered with terrible confusion, while the Judge shall disown their boasted relation to Him, and shall pronounce with awful majesty, ‘ Depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity.’ Inconceivable anguish, remorse, and despair, shall overwhelm many of those, who gloried in their near connexion with the most eminent saints of God, when they shall see them= selves for ever separated from their society. \The un~ ‘believing Jews shall behold the despised Gentiles, from the remotest corners of the earth, enter into glory, while they shall be eternally thrust out. Great numbers of those, who may now be thought the fur= thest from God, shall attain a state of peculiar exalta~ tion in my kingdom ; and not a few, who are here di- stinguished above others by their religious advantages, shall then be marked out, for their contemptuous abuse of them, by the severest vengeance.” Does not the solemn admonition excite an alarm in us, who are placed in the Christian church, and ———s " 178 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. favoured with an evangelical ministry? Let us presume upon our external privileges, but consider how much is to be done. Let us be roused from ou stupor ; for “ it is high time to awake out of sleep.” If we be distressed by the fear of finding the door barred against us, let us now look unto Jesus, an cry, with all the strength and vigour of our soul “Lord, Lord, open unto us,” and our application | will infallibly succeed. | On the same day on which our Lord had delivered the exhortations last mentioned, intelligence was brought that Herod, the governor of the country, | was determined to destroy him. This was said with r an intention of intimidating him from prosecuting his labours in those parts. But Jesus could not be- terrified ; and therefore he replied, by a message to the crafty and persecuting prince, that, in spite of all his schemes, he would proceed with his work, per-_ forming the most miraculous and benevolent opera-— tions a little longer; that very shortly he should finish his course ; and yet that he should lay down — his life, not in Galilee, where he then was, but in Je-— rusalem, the grand seat of persecution. The exam=— ple teaches us not to be dismayed, whoever may threaten or oppose us, in the proper execution of our office. Let us faithfully attend to our respective du- ties, and persevere in them, though surrounded by dangers. We shall walk but a few days more ; and the God whom we serve will protect us till the end of our present appointment be answered. O that we ma close our labours honourably, and then, 'like our Lord, “be perfected !” j After observing that he must perish in Jerusalem, he was led to refiect upon the heinous guilt, and ap- proaching desolation, of that murderous city, and _ broke forth into the most tender and affecting la- mentation over it. Jerusalem was the city where the blood of many prophets and holy men had been JESUS CHRIST. 179 hed ; the city which had scornfully rejected the gra- ‘ious offers of the Saviour, repaid his services of love with cruelty, and even then meditated his destruc- tion ; yet, abandoned as it was, Jesus expressed the leepest sorrow for its miserable state. He declared that God, in righteous judgment, was about to lay waste the place with the most awful calamities, till the wretched inhabitants should learn to value and long for their promised Messiah, though they despised Him, who sustained that character. ‘ What forbearance, kindness, and compassion, do we discover in the character of our Redeemer! Swill e possesses the same bowels of mercy. Long time does he strive with sinners, using one expedient after another to promote their salvation. According to his own description, he still proposes to gather them as a hen gathers her helpless brood under her wings, to rotect and nourish, and. to afford them security and comfort in himself. But, alas! how many proudly spurn at the offer! And what can be expected to llow from their base conduct but final and remediless perdition? Yet, eventhen, he abandons them, as it should seem, with difficulty, charging their destruc- tion upon themselves: “I would,—and ye would not*.” May we learn wisdom from the wretched in- fatuation of those who have perished in their unbelief ! May we all, therefore, with one heart and voice, welcome the Saviour, who brings with him pardon, peace, and eternal life! -Let us take up our words now with unfeigned faith, and we shall speak them with confidence and joy at the last day, “Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord!” Amen. = *# See also Hos. xi. 3. 180 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. sect. 26. Jesus dined with a Pharisee on the sabbath—healed a dropsy—inculcated humility and a regard to the poor—delivered the parable of the great supper— warned his followers to prepare for suffering—vin- dicated his attention to sinners by the parables of _ the lost sheep—the piece of silver—and the prodig son. Ir our review of the life of Jesus affect us as if ought, it will-not only produce in us an admiration of his excellency, who is “ fairer than the children o} men,” but regulate our conduct and sanctify our dis- positions. While we “behold. the glory of the Lord,” we shall be “ changed into the same image *.” Let us pray continually that we may feel this in- fluence from his example ; so: shall we be followers of the Lord, “not in word, neither in tongue, but in deed, and in truth.” . Jesus was travelling through Galilee towards Je- rusalem ; and, probably in that journey, a principal Pharisee, a man of rank, invited him to dinner +. © It might seem an act of condescension in a person of eminence to ask or admit such a guest into his house as appeared to be greatly his inferior. But a favour was conferred on the Pharisee rather than on Jesus. The most exalted monarch might have said with reason, “ Lord, I am not worthy that thou shouldst come under my 10o0f.” It was an instance of “ the meekness and gentleness of Christ,” that he vouch- * 2 Cor. iii 18. + Luke xiv 1, &c. JESUS CHRIST: 18i safed to converse freely with sinful creatures, and dis- covered no distance in his behaviour. He readily gave his company to those who desired it ; not indeed for his own pleasure, or the convenience of eating with them, but for their benefit. He “sought not his own profit, but the profit of many, that they might be saved.” As this occurred on the sabbath, we infer that reli- gion does not require us to refuse all intercourse with others throughout that day. There may be proper occasions for friendly visits in some parts of it; but we should be careful td maintain a spirit and con- yersation suitable to its grand design. The example of Jesus cannot be adduced in vindication of that ‘yanity and dissipation by which it is so generally perverted and profaned. It should seem that many persons were assembled ' at the Pharisee’s house, and such as were not well - affected to Jesus ; for “they watched him.” Perhaps _ the invitation was given, not from kindness, but ma- levolence, on purpose to pass the most invidious ' censures upon him. How odious the disposition of those who are eagle-eyed in scrutinizing the conduct of others, and who rejoice to find any real objec- tions against them? And yet you, whoare the faith- ful disciples of Jesus, are frequently placed in the midst of such malignant observers. Their attention is fixed upon you, with a view, not to commend what is laudable, but to discover and expose your faults, that so they may reproach that holy name by -which you are called. You, therefore, should be vigilant as well as they, that their wishes may be de- feated, and themselves ashamed, when they shall see the wisdom and consistency of your deportment. A person’ who was present, afflicted with the dropsy, excited the compassionate regard of Jesus: - He, however, knowing that the Jawyers and Phari- sees before him were seeking for an accusation against - VOL. IV. R ' 182 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. him, appealed to them whether it would be any violation of the sabbath to perform a eure on that day. They were unable to reply, while he, unmind-— ful of their censures, instantly restored the diseased — man to perfect health, observing, that, however they might object to this act of mercy, they would none ~ of them scruple to relieve their very cattle in distress. They felt the force of his words, and were confounded. Thus, likewise, it frequently happens that the ene- mies of religion are suddenly restrained and abashed by a serious remark or a solemn address to their consciences. Let us not, therefore, be deterred by their insidious designs, but persevere in the path of duty. esis not only justified himself, but reproved them for their pride and love of precedency. He took notice that they were all ambitious of the highest seats at the table, and argued that such a contention for places of honour was extremely disgusting, and that it would be much more becoming to give way to others. He showed that an arrogant spirit is odious, and, while it claims respect, incurs contempt ; and, on the contrary, that a modest and humble deport- ment, which seems to shun observation, invariably conciliates esteem. This is the case in the common intercourse of men ; and it holds true, if we apply it to our temper and conduct towards God. “ He re- sisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble *”” Who will not allow that it is mcumbent upon us, in his presence, “ to take the lowest room?” Yet how little are the apostolic injunctions regarded or under- stood, “In lowliness of mind, let each esteem other better than themselves :” “in honour preferring one another t.” Jesus continued to deliver the most serious in- structions and admonitions to the company before him. With a reference, no doubt, to their general “1 Pet v5. 4+ Phil. ii. 3. Rom xii. 10. JESUS CHRIST. _ 28S apint and practice, while he addressed himself to e person who had invited him, he condemned the custom of providing sumptuous and costly entertain- ments merely for their relations and opulent neigh- bours, and recommended an attention to the relief and comfort of the afflicted, in all their various dis- ‘tresses. How much extravagance prevails in sup- porting magnificent tables for the reception of those _ who want nothing! The large sums which are thus expended serve only to feed our own pride and sen- suality. But what a sordid parsimony is shown in contributing to the support of the truly necessitous, who can make no returns! Those, however, are blessed, who, from faith and love unfeigned, “ deal their bread to the hungry, and bring the poor, that are cast out, to their houses *.” The Lord of heaven will consider himself as their debtor, and will render them an abundant recompense in the great day of retribution. The solemn discourse of Jesus, probably, left a good impression on the audience. One of the company, at least, expressed his approbation and desire of con- tinuing the subject, by remarking the exceeding fe- licity of those who shall be admitted to the sacred feast which God has provided in his kingdom. _ Pos- sibly he might not understand or really wish for the happiness of which he ‘spake ; however, in or- der to excite both him and all present to a serious examination of their state, Jesus showed that the most gracious offers of it are made to mankind, and rejected with contempt by the greater part. He represented, in a most interesting and affecting parable, a large and rich supper prepared for the ac- commodation of many guests. The Lord God, by the Gospel of his Son, has furnished the grand enter- tainment here referred to, in which every thing isset before us that can give delight or vigour to the soul. * Isa. lviii. 7. i 184 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. i How valuable and exquisite are the blessings of which it consists! They are such as these: pardon, peace, holiness, and fellowship with God, even upon earth ; # ¥ | | 4 4 fi ds =) ‘ * ¢ divine light, strength, and consolation, communi- — cated to the soul; an infallible promise of an ad- — mission into heaven, and a present foretaste. of its joys. Who does not ardently desire to partake of the sumptuous banquet? It is a royal feast ; and no want of provisions need be apprehended, for there is — a bountiful and inexhaustible supply. Many guests are invited, and an urgent message is sent, pressing their immediate attendance, since the, necessary preparations for their reception are now, ‘completed. Thus the call of mercy is given, by the’ publication of the Gospel, to an innumerable company, who are earnestly exhorted not to neglect the gracious offer. It was first, and in a particular manner, ad- dressed to the Jews ; but the language is the same to all who hear it, from one age to another, “ Come, for all things are now ready.” Every thing is done, on ‘God’s part, which is proper and requisite for the se- curing of eternal salvation to our guilty race. But their consent is indispensable ; and is it possible that this can be refused ? Those, who are bidden, are unwilling, on various pretences, to accept the kind invitation. Different excuses for their absence are framed; all weak and ridiculous. It is alleged that they have other engage- ments ; and yet these are such, as, though not wrong in themselves, are trifling, or may be deferred, and need not prevent their attendance. ‘Their very pleas, therefore, show a marked contempt of the entertain- ment. Thus, alas! the proposals of the Gospel-are rejected with scorn. Men pretend, indeed, to apolo- gize for their conduct. Secular cares and occupa- tions, or domestic comforts, so totally engross them, that it is supposed impossible and unnecessary for them to pay any regard to their spiritual concerns. JESUS CHRIST. 185 Such reasons, surely, cannot be admitted in. their vindication ; nay, rather, they will condemn them, as proving their hearts to be alienated from God. Their employments may not be sinful, but highly | proper, if pursued on right principles, and in due subordination to the care of their souls. Yet, pro- bably, more persons perish eternally through an im- moderate and unseasonable attention to things which are right in themselves, than by gross and avowed - Iniquity. After the refusal of those who were first bidden, the invitation is enlarged. The servant is charged to bring in the poor and disabled; and, as sufficient room still remains for the accommodation of many more guests, he is despatched in search of those who are dispersed abroad in the most forlorn and wretched condition. Even these, the refuse of men, are impor- tuned, by the most cogent arguments, to enter, and satisfy their wants; that so the sumptuous pre- parations may not be lost. The Jewish nation de- spised their own mercies; but “through their fall salvation is come unto the Gentiles*.” Tous, who are “‘the ends of the earth,” is the gracious call ad- dressed. Though we are, in a spiritual sense, “‘ poor, and maimed, and halt, and blind,’ we are allowed to ce of the rich banquet. Nay, though we be sin- ners of the most abandoned character, fitly represented by those who lie in “the highways and hedges,” we are permitted, and even pressed in the most forcible manner, to come. Many have already complied with the invitation ; but “yet there is room” for thousands more; and it is the Lord’s determination that his house shall be filled. The Master is incensed when his kindness is re- jected, and he resolves, in displeasure, that those, who have shown such contempt of him, shall be ex- cluded from his entertainment. This isan awful ad- * Rom. xi. i}. R3 186 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. monition indeed. The Lord of heaven and earth i considers himself as insulted when his Gospel ismadé light of. Do we not dread his indignation? Why, | | then, do we trifle with his messages of mercy? Pos- sibly they may never be renewed. He may instantly — bar the ‘door’ against us, and declare “Those men — shall not taste of my supper.” Since he has done this against the Jews, let us fear for ourselves, “lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief *.” Great multitudes still attended Jesus in his pro- — press ; and yet probably but few of them were attached to his cause from right principles. It is to be ex- pected, that, amongst the numerous professors of the Gospel, there will be many of a suspicious cha- racter. All, therefore, should be exhorted to exa- mine of what sort their religion is, from what motives it was first taken up, and whether they so value it as. to be willing to suffer for its sake. To this purpose our Lord addressed the vast concourse of people who followed him :— «Tf any man would enter into my service, he must renounce all worldly views and expectations. Who- soever consents not, on every necessary occasion, to - go in opposition to his nearest friends and relatives, so as to appear even to hate them; whosoever is averse to give up the most beloved enjoyments, and lay down life itself, in my cause, cannot be acknow- ledged as my disciple. Severe as the trial may seem, if he refuse to combat difficulties, to endure extreme hardships, and to persist in the path which my exam- ple or command may point out, he possesses not the temper of mind indispensably requisite for my ser- vants. hy ; «You, therefore, who profess an attachment to me, should deliberate well what you do; for you are undertaking an arduous and important business. Like one who is about to raise an edifice, you should make ™ Heb. iv. 11. JESUS CHRIST. 187 the proper calculations, that you may know whether _ you can finish the work which you are planning. The inconsiderate builder, whose labours are disappointed and suspended, is deservedly exposed to the derision of others. Or, as a prince, who meditates an hostile expedition against a neighbouring power, you should inquire if you are sufficiently prepared to meet your enemy. Is your force such as to give you a reason- able hope of success? It were better not to provoke an attack than hastily to rush into the battle, and there to betray your weakness and cowardice. Ra- ther than fall in the conflict, or basely desert your standard, remain in your present state, bad as it may be, and prefer a dishonourable peace to a destructive war. . “Thus you should examine whether you possess what my service demands; for, if you be unwilling to renounce the dearest objects in life for my sake, you cannot be ranked amongst my people, or receive any advantage at my hands. With an unsound pro- fession of religion, you would resemble the “salt which has lost its savour,’ and then,.instead of answering any valuable purpose, as. those who are ‘the salt of the earth,’ you would be useless, or a nuisance in your place, fit only to be cast out with contempt. Let every one who desires instruction attend to the solemn admonition.” Such was our Lord’s address to his followers: and, in its main argument, it is perfectly applicable to ourselves. The same bold and disinterested regard to him, whick le then required, we also must possess. With the same holy jealousy and circumspection we should search and try our hearts. Are we his disci- -plesindeed? What motives or expectations induced us to assume that character? Or, what is our present plan? Are we determined to give up every thing which stands in competition with Christ, that he may be our “all in all?” If otherwise, let us not act as | 188 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. - | dissemblers with God, lest we be rejected with sbhoi rence, as far more detestable than those who ri made pretensions to sanctity. The foregoing exhortation may seem harsh and , severe to persons of a tender spirit ; and these who are. oppressed with guilt may be ready to infer that Jesus forbids, rather “than encourages, their application. _ But the following representation will obviate such a ; conclusion. Many publicans and sinners came about him, show= ing great eagerness in listening to his instructions *. _ | Nor did he disdain their company, or drive them from | him by denunciations of vengeance, as if their case _ were desperate. His condescending attentions and _ compassionate addresses were calculated to inspire — them with humble hope towards God. These, how- | ever, displeased the Scribes and Pharisees ; and they | insinuated that he countenanced the profane and | licentious. A similar objection is often urged against. his ministers, when those who have been dissolute. _ and abandoned are drawn to hear them. It isthought a reproach to the Gospel that it gives the most gracious _ invitations, and proposes a full and free forgiveness, — to men of this description. But this is, in fact, its brightest glory, though too dazzling for carnal eyes — to behold ; and, accordingly, they turn away from it . with disgust. Those especially, who expect and claim _ a preference for their own supposed goodness, quar- rel with the greatness of the mercy, and generally pretend a vast concern for the interests of morality, which, they rashly conclude, are likely to sustain-an | injury. In opposition to them, we believe it to be for the honour of Christ that “he receiveth sinners,” even those who are marked out as peculiarly infa~ mous for their numerous and aggravated offences. He welcomes, pardons, sanctifies, comforts, protects, and saves them. This is extensive, rich, and distin- * Luke. xy, +1), 66 | ys. ae bs sas” mere JESUS CHRIST. 189 guishing grace indeed, and it should induce us more than ever to love, and praise, and trust him. He acts in a way worthy of himself: and those, who know his character, admire.that very part of it which enrages the Pharisees. ; _ He vindicated his own conduct, showing its pro- pricty, and the extreme unreasonableness of the ob- jections urged. This he did in three parables, all tending to illustrate the abundance and the freeness of his mercy, and each an emblem of the favourable Teception which penitent sinners, though they have ‘been accounted most hopeless, shall meet with from him. Let the transgressor, then, who is ready to sink into despair, be encouraged to lift up his eyes to this dear Lord and Saviour, who will not disdain to help him. A striking appeal is made to our own feelings, and the general practice of mankind. Where is the per- son, who, losing only one out of a numerous flock of sheep, will not be at pains to search after it, and express a peculiar pleasure in its recovery, especially if it had appeared unlikely to be found? Our own miserable state is here exhibited. We have wandered far from the fold of God, and, though exposed to want, and the assaults of furious and malicious ene- mies, are unwilling of ourselves to return. But our attention is directed to the compassionate care of _ Jesus, under the character of “the good Shepherd,” who, with much labour to himself, seeks and rescues the lost sheep, and takes it under his immediate pro- tection. Nor should this be considered as a trifling incident, a matter of indifference. Every instance of _ the conversion of a sinner is an important event, and will: communicate the highest delight to those who understand, the worth of an immortal soul. Jesus himself exults, and all the blessed inhabitants of heaven express a rapturous joy, as if their own hap- piness were increased, when any, however profligate, 190 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. , | is “turned from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God.” They triumph in such@ restoration, as being a peculiar acquisition, more than in the continued felicity of established believers whom they looked upon as already secure. This is grand display of pure and disinterested benevolence in the celestial world. Who shall object, or be tor tured at the sight, but the malignant prince of darks ness, and they who bear his image? by Another representation, to the same purpose, is given us in the case of a poor woman, who, after much anxiety and diligent search, finds the piece of money, which she had lost out of her little treas This appears a prize peculiarly valuable, and y | her more satisfaction than all her other stock, which she considered as a safe possession. Such is the ges nerous concern which Jesus feels for the perishing souls of sinners. In whatever instances his grace proves effectual, so that they, “ who sometimes we: far off, are made nigh” to God, he rejoices that he has done and suffered so much for their salvation; and the holy angels, who are called to witness the momentous change, are filled with wonder, love, and praise. And shall we presume to censure him this exalted kindness? Rather, shall we not take occasion from it to admire the Shepherd, who — in search of us, and adore the ever-blessed Lord of all, who spared no pains for our recovery ? . The subject is still further illustrated in another parable. A story is related, containing circum- stances to which no hearer can refuse to listen ; and the simplicity of the narrative is such, as not only engages the attention, but interests and affects the heart.—The younger of two sons, after receiving his proportion of fortune, is represented as departing from his father’s house, the restraints of which were irksome to him, and going to a distant country. There the thoughtless youth squandered away his JESUS CURIST. 191 substance by intemperance. He was soon reduced ‘to the most infamous servitude, and to such a degree of wretchedness, that he was on the point of perish- ing by hunger. A lively emblem of our sinful con- duct, and its miserable consequences! A particular ‘reference to the Gentile world, and to the case of ‘profligate characters, might be designed. But. we ave all resembled this foolish man, in disliking the strictness of true religion, casting off the fear of God, and departing from him, with a full determination to gratify the desires of our hearts. And have we found the happiness which we expected in our own ways? Alas! far otherwise. The effects of our apostacy have been distressing and ruinous in the ‘extreme. Like the poor prodigal, we are become destitute, enslaved, and contemptible. In such a ‘state we can procure nothing to satisfy the soul, and ‘we stand on the brink of destruction. How pitiable ‘the case! And it is,the more pitiable, as few are ‘sensible of their degradation and wretchedness. A change, however, took place in the unhappy ‘youth. « Fle came to himself,” as if he had been till that time intoxicated or insane; and then reflecting ‘en the comfortable situation he had left in his Father's g family, and the misery, disgrace, and danger, which he had brought upon himself, he formed the resolution of returning to his insulted parent. He remembered his former pride, rebellion, and wickedness ; and his purpose was to confess his aggravated ouilt, and | earnestly to request the shelter of his father’s roof, though it should be in the lowest capacity of a menial servant. He proceeded, without delay, to execute “his plan. In this stage of the history we perceive /the pleasing character of a true penitent. Then only does a man “come to himself,” or enjoy the | proper exercise of his reason, when he feels convictions | of his folly and baseness, and discovers strong desires _ of restoration to the divine favour. And what other expedient can the awakened sinner adopt, but to fiee 192 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. to his offended God, to pour out his soul with un feigned contrition, and to lift up his voice to Heaven with incessant cries for mercy? Though he dare not be confident of acceptance, it will be proper surely, to try the effect of an humble application; and, if he cannot ask for the privileges of a child, Je him earnestly solicit an admission into the family on any terms. But his former practices, principles, and connexions, must be renounced, and a return not only resolved on, but instantly attempted. The kind and forgiving father beheld the son at distance ; and, as if he had forgotten his past ingrati- tude and perverseness, without waiting for his nearer approach, he ran with open arms to embrace him The penitent youth began his intended confession ; but the indulgent parent, as if impatient to relieve his distress, interrupted him, prevented his request, assured him of his love by the strongest token and immediately commanded all his household » give the most expressive demonstrations of their joy. inasmuch as his dear child, who had been considered as irretrievably lost, was restored to life and happines What does all this teach us, but that God can pardo more freely and extensively than we could have of ceived? He views with delight the very beginnings o: repentance, the first efforts of a sinner towards a re= turn. He listens with satisfaction to his broken cries for mercy, and, instead of upbraiding him with any part of his accumulated guilt, he hastens to confer every mark of affectionate regard. The angels - heaven also, as well as believers upon earth, are quired to exult in that event, from which the n glorious effects are produced. Such is the loving- kindness of our God! Who then shall despair. of acceptance, or hesitate to apply unto him? “He will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy: he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing*.” * Zeph. iii, 17. - Bint JESUS CHRIST. 193 But one of the family refuses to participate in the general happiness. The elder son is disgusted at the * attention shown to his brother, who had been so licentious and abandoned, and, while he boasts of his own dutiful subjection to his father, complains that he meets not with such a preference as he might have expected. The father condescends to argue with him on the unreasonableness of his objections, even allowing the justice of his claims, and still main- tains that it was every way proper and expedient to express the highest delight in the recovery of a child, who had been given up as lost. This part of the ‘parable contains a striking reproof of those proud and captious adversaries, the Scribes and Pharisees, who reproached the Saviour for receiving sinners. Here their own perverseness is exhibited ; for while they were incensed that any notice should be taken of the most dissolute characters, or at least that they should be admitted to favour upon the same terms with themselves, and while the Jewish nation in general could not bear “that the Gentiles should be fellow-heirs, and of the same body,” they most exactly resembled the elder brother. And do not many, in modern times, betray a similar aversion to the rich grace of the Gospel, which is extended to the most heinous offenders? There are those who value themselves on the uninterrupted regularity of their conduct, and are extremely disgusted that no peculiar compliment is paid to their excellence, and that others are put upon a level with them. But are they not wrong, even on their own principles? For, granting all that they can possibly urge in their behalf, no injury will be done to them by the kind and affectionate manner in which every penitent is received. Let them make good their claim, and the will be treated with suitable respect. But let them not refuse to rejoice, when those, whose cases appeared most hopeless, are taken into the number of the VOL. IV. s 194 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | children of God, and heirs of everlasting life. The Lord God will vindicate his own glory in dispensing his mercy freely. Let us not petulantly object to— any part of his plan of redemption, but drop all our angry prejudices against it. Let us implore forgive- ness for ourselves, as those who deserve to perish ; and under such a conviction we shall wonder, not that others are saved, but that we, who “were enemies, are reconciled to God by the death of his Son.” hs 195 JESUS CHRIST. | - SECT. 27. Jesus delivered the parable of the unjust steward— showed the'use of money—reproved the Pharisees— described the case of the rich man and Lazarus— exhorted to avoid giving offence, to forgive injuries, and maintain faith—cured ten lepers—foretold the destruction of Jerusalem—described the nature of acceptable prayer by the parable of the importunate widow, and that of the Pharisee and publican. Jesus directed his steps towards Jerusalem, with a full view of all his sufferings before him, and even with an earnest desire to enter upon them. He was yet in Galilee ; and during his progress through that country he continued to exercise his ministry, labour- _ ing to diffuse the knowledge of the truth, and to give unequivocal proofs of his divine character. While we contemplate him persisting in his work with diligence and cheerfulness to the very last, may we learn to persevere in the most vigorous exertions for the glory of his name, till we finish. our course! What though the cross lies before us? Let us imitate the holy example of the Saviour, and we shall follow him to his kingdom. Publicans and sinners, we have seen, attended on his preaching, and many Scribes and Pharisees also were present at the same time. In the audience of them all, and with a view to their instruction, he addressed his disciples, pointing out in what manner worldly possessions are to he improved *. He spake, * Luke xvi. 1, &e. 196 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. as usual, in parabolical language, and represented a rich man calling his steward to account, that he might dismiss him for unfaithfulness in his trust. The guilty servant attempted not his own vindica- tion, but showed extreme solicitude about his future support. He contrived to make friends to himself by falsifying his books in favour of the various debtors of his lord, that so they might be disposed to en- tertain and assist him when discarded from his office. The expedient was dishonourable and base, but it was ingenious; and, therefore, his master, who could not but condemn the injustice, admired the prudence of the man, who had so artfully provided for his own subsistence. We are here taught to con- sider ourselves as the stewards of God, who is the great Lord and Proprietor of all. At no distant pe- riod we must give up our accounts, and be removed from our present post. What, then, shall we do? Have we not been negligent and treacherous in the discharge of our trust? Have we not wasted our Master's goods, devoting that to the purposes of pride and sensuality, which God claims for his own? How shall we answer to the accusation? Have we no fears about our future condition? Or, what schemes have we formed for our own security in the day of calamity ? Jesus observed, at the close of the parable, that they whose hearts are fixed upon this world are much more attentive to their secular interests, than those are to their spiritual and eternal concerns, whom God hath taught to know their duty and hap- piness. Surely there is abundant cause to reprove the remissness of Christians among ourselves; for we perceive in them but little of that contrivance and assiduity for the welfare of their souls, which men in general discover for the attainment of the low and trifling objécts of the present life. ' Jesus, also, improved and applied the parable to | JESUS CHRIST. 197 the following effect :—“ Riches, which commonly deceive the expectations of their possessors, and often are subservient to the purposes of sin, may yet be employed to great advantage. By a proper use of them, you may conciliate the esteem of those whose friendship is most valuable. Many, whom you have instructed, relieved, visited, and cheered, and to whom your bounty has endeared you, may go before you to heaven, and, upon your removal from the place you now fill up, may stand ready to welcome you to the same blissful habitations, where they will confess their obligations to you. A very small share, indeed, of wealth, may be committed to your care; but your religious principles will be evinced by your behaviour in the lowest station, so that we may safely infer from it what would be your conduct in a higher. If you act as unfaithful stewards in the disposal of your temporal substance, worthless as it is, how can you expect to be intrusted with those blessings which are of real value? And if you treacherously misapply what is not strictly your own property, but only put into your hands for the benefit of others, you have no reason to believe that God will confer upon you a certain and everlasting possession. How necessary is it, then, that you make a deliberate choice whom you will serve. You will be supremely attached either to God or the world; and, in proportion as you esteem the one, the other will be disregarded. It is impossible that you can live in subjection to two ma- sters, whose demands are so directly opposite.” The Pharisees heard the solemn admonition ; but they treated it with scorn, because the love of money had the ascendency in their hearts, and the doctrine of Jesus struck at the root of that vile principle. The ministers of God, like their great Exemplar, must expect to be derided by those whose practices — and tempers they condemn: yet they should not, on this account, keep silence. Jesus reproved the hy- 33 198 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. pocrisy of the Pharisees in the most awful terms, de= claring, that, while it was their object to preserve appearances before men, God perceived their inward | dispositions, and that He looks with abhorrence on those things which short-sighted mortals may admire. _ Would to God that every proud and covetous pretender to piety, whose reputation stands high in the church, would seriously consider the tremendou truth ! The Pharisees professed a high regard for the Mo- saic institution. Our Lord, therefore, remarked to — them, that this was designed to continue only till John the Baptist appeared; that in him God began to open the new dispensation, and to set up the — kingdom of Messiah; and that of the benefits and — blessings of that government, which he its harbinger proclaimed, men of all characters were now anxious and eager to partake. Still, he observed, the ancient law did not fail, as if it had not answered the end ; for it received its completion in the Gospel, which fulfilled the types and prophecies, and enforced the moral commands. In some points, particularly with respect to the sacred and inviolable bond of marriage, they themselves explained away or perverted its meaning, and he reproved them as guilty of adultery in divorcing their wives for every trifling cause of disgust. Let us beware of the spirit of the Pharisees, and not be satisfied, as they were, with certain external observances in religion. ~ It is possible, we see, that those, who pretend to be very zealous for duties, may be lamentably defective, and allow themselves in gross violations of the divine precepts. Let us in- quire, then, how far our principles and practices agree. The highest veneration for the law should dispose us, not to reject, but embrace, the Gospel. They both come from the same God, and harmonize in the same glorious plan. The Christian revelation is, indeed, the perfection of every preceding economy, | “JESUS CHRIST. 199 : and by this especially God establishes the kingdom | of his Son. Do we wish to secure its blessings? ' Then we are required to exert all the faculties of our ” _ souls ; for “ every man presseth into it.” The faint _ desire, the unoperative resolution, will leave us short | of heaven; the possession of it is not to be gained | without a holy violence. Before the same audience, and in order to enforce the foregoing admonitions, Jesus proceeded to de- liver an affecting parable. He described the future miseries which will follow a life of carnal indulgence, _ though pleasant for a season, and the everlasting _blessedness to which the servant of God shall be ad- mitted, however afflicted upon earth. A rich man is represented, expending his fortune merely for the support of an elegant appearance and a luxurious table. His plan was, to allow himself every grati- fication which his income would afford ; but, while : he consulted only his own wishes, he coristiesed not the necessities of others. A poor beggar, named Lazarus, incapacitated for any labour by a diseased body, was placed before his door, imploring relief. : This distressed object was neglected, except by the dogs, who licked his sores, as if they were mere compassionate than their master: but even this cir- eumstance showed his calaniitous situation, since he was covered with ulcers, which were exposed to the open air, and at the same time he could hardly obtain | the smallest crums for his subsistence. “Death, however, soon put an end to the sufferings of the one, and the enjoyments of the other; and then how ‘different their condition! Lazarus, ‘who was dear. to God, notwithstanding his extreme indigente, was conducted by a company of heavenly spirits to a di- : stinguished abode in the kingdom of bliss and glory. The rich epicure might have “the parade of a pompous funeral, but his grandeur followed him no farther. He was cast into hell, and there consigned to the a 200 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. torment of everlasting fire; while the view of Laza~ russ happiness and exaltation increased his own: misery. He petitioned that the once-despised beggar might be sent to alleviate the excruciating agonie which he endured from the fierceness of the flames ; but this could not be granted. Deliverance from his pain, and even the smallest abatement of it, was denied: an impassable gulf separated him from the society of the blessed ; and he, who had before en= joyed every delicacy, could not then obtain a drop of water to cool his parched tongue. " Five brethren still survived him, and all trod in the very same steps. He begged therefore that a special messenger might be sent from the world of spirits to warn them of those extreme sufferings which awaited them. Perhaps he had been instru= mental to their profligacy ; and the desire of prevent ing their destruction might arise from a fear of its aggravating his torment. The request, however, was refused, on this ground, that the testimony of the inspired writers was sufficient for their convics tion, and that those who rejected such an evidence would give no credit even to a witness rising from the dead. iY The whole representation is tremendous, and yet most instructive. Who now will! plead for a life de voted to pleasure and sensual purposes? Who will presume to say there can be no harm in expending our fortune upon ourselves; or that no bad conse- quences will result from the gratification of our wishes, provided our income will support it? Our Lord has shown that by such a conduct the trust re~ posed in us is betrayed, the poor neglected, God _ forgotten and provoked, the soul debased and ruined, and a fire kindled against us, which will “ burn to the lowest hell,” and which never can be quenched. Will not “ the sinners in Zion be afraid, and fearful- ness surprise the hypocrites?” Ah! “ who among JESUS CHRIST. \ 201 shall dwell with the. devouring fire? who among s shall dwell with everlasting burnings *?” We congratulate the faithful servants of God, though destitute as Lazarus. You possess a hap- piness beyond the reach of the world, of which no afflictions can deprive you. Though you can hardly }procure the meanest fare or the coarsest apparel ; and though, while your diseased bodies can scarcely endure the hardships of hunger, nakedness, and cold, you are the scorn of your opulent neighbours; yet we will call you blessed. Death, which strikes a terror into others, may inspire you with confidence and joy. For then you shall obtain perfect deliverance, and be © carried by angels into Abraham’s bosom.” » Is it supposed that stronger evidence is wanted to convince men of the dangerous tendency of sin? The sazered Scriptures declare it, with all the strength and clearness of which language is capable. The testi- monies of departed spirits, who have-entered upon the invisible world, are withheld from us, and we have no right to ask for them, or to conclude that they would be at all regarded by unbelievers. Let the word of God then be fairly consulted, and its decisions implicitly received, or else we shall soon feel those torments which we are unwilling to credit. _. After this interesting parable, Jesus addressed him- ‘self again to his disciples, suggesting certain cautions and directions for their conduct+. Some of these things had been said before, but their importance rendered the repetition expedient and needful. He warned them against giving any cause of otfence to others, observing, that though, in such a world as this, among creatures so constituted as we now are, cases of that kind may be expected, yet they are attended with awful consequences. It is abundantly better to suffer any calamity, and even to be cut off * Isa. xxxiii. 14. + Luke xvii. 1, Kc. _ 202 SCRIPTURE CHARAUTERS. by a violent death, than to bring a reproach on the good ways of God, or to occasion the meanest ‘of his porins to depart from them. In an especial manner, e exhorted them to beware of an angry and im, placable disposition, since this would be peculiarly disgraceful to the Gospel, and declared that their forgiveness of injuries should be unlimited. How necessary for ourselves is this solemn counsel! “ Y that love the Lord, hate evil*:’’ for inconceivabl mischief may result from amy wrong practices or tempers observed in your deportment. Many may be prejudiced against the truth, and some so stag- gered as entirely to renounce it, when they perceive that it produces so little influence upon you. ?” When Jesus had delivered these cautions, he turned Immself to the Scribes and Pharisees, who still, pro- yably, oo sae to find some ground of accusation lagainst him. He then addressed them with peculiar Majesty, and as one invested with sovereign autho- Tity. In the capacity of their Judge, he arraigned, he convicted them, and, for their secret iniquity, ced upon them the heaviest condemnation. one sentence to another, each containing a Biovcty of their wickedness and a memorial of their folly, rel hear, in awful and prophetic repetition, ‘the word of warning and tremendous denunciation | breaking forth from his lips. Yet who shall blame the intimations of judgment? Who shall wonder that the cry was “ Wo unto you, Scribes and Pharisees?” | Let us read the long black roll of their offences: let | us mark the charges brought by their unprejudiced They discovered an obstinate and malevolent op- position to the Gospel, not only rejecting it them- selves, but, with a furious bigotry, preventing others from receiving it. They practised . the most cruel ions, even upon the widow and the fatherless, and yet covered their injustice with a show of un- common ardour in devotion. Their pretences to religion rendered their extortion the more detestable; ‘and therefore Jesus declared that their boasted prayers would aggravate their damnation. They showed great zeal to grain proselytes, not for the glory of God, but their own reputation; and they were so earnest to confirm eath convert in error and hatred of the truth, as to make his case more deplorable and hopeless than cc$S 204 SCRIPTURE CHARACYERS. that of his seducer. They endeavoured, by speci arguments and curious distinctions, to justify thei profane use of oaths, as if they might be allowed to swear in certain forms of speech, and contracted not any high degree of guilt by falsifying their solemn af= firmations. But Jesus convicted them of horrid im= piety and perjury, while he asserted that such appeals to the temple and the altar as they pleaded for were no other than appeals to God himself. ‘i They paid a scrupulous: attention to some trifles, which exalted their reputation ; but neglected the most important and necessary duties. Their religious | zeal was confined to external observances: they sought not real purity of heart. They were satished with so much of the appearance of sanctity as would | procure them admiration among the people, while their vile affections exposed them to the contempt | and indignation of that righteous God, to whom all their secret iniquity lay open. They pretended a high veneration for those holy men whom their fathers had murdered. But, though they professed to honour deceased saints by building and adorning their sepulchres, they persecuted the living, and thus proved that they inherited the same violent hatred of genuine piety as their ancestors. Jesus therefore declared, that, by their continued progress in wickedness, they would soon fill up their measure, and be ripe for destruction. So obdurate were they, that he considered them as on the brink of final perdition, ready to sink down into “< the damnation of hell.” Yet further means were to be tried with them. Apostles and other ministers were to be sent among them, to bear witness of the truth: but your Lord predicted, that, by their cruel and sanguinary opposition to those his honoured servants, they would provoke God more and more, till at length ‘he should arise to take exemplary vengeance upon that very generation, and reckon with them for all the JESUS CHaist. ; 298 righteous blood which had been shed from the begin- ning of the world. + How deplorable was their case! Jesus, being deeply affected at the prospect of their approaching miseries, broke forth into a pathetic lamentation. They were the same accents of pity by which, he had twice before expressed the yearnings of his bowels*. From this part of his conduct it appears, that, though he pro- nounced the most tremendous woes, judgment is “ his strange work.” He bewailed the murderous city, which had long been the seat of persecution, and which ‘had scornfully resisted all his efforts of love for the salvation of her children. He would have cherished and protected them, as a hen her tender brood; but ‘they had obstinately rejected his ,gracious proposals. At last, therefore, insulted mercy was about to be withdrawn, and give place to unrelenting justice: and ‘that hand, which had been long stretched out with offers of richest blessings, was soon to be lifted up with a rod of indignation to desolate their country, and destroy them for ever. Thus Jesus took a solemn farewell of the temple, to return no more: he warned the impenitent sinners around him, and predicted that at his future advent they would acknowledge his divine character, and be glad to join in those ac- clamations of praise which had lately been forbidden in that house, saying, “ Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord.” What solemn things are these! Surely, if they are seriously regarded, they must leave a deep im- pression upon our minds. Let us, then, make the application to ourselves, rather than to the ancient Pharisees. ; 1. A striking exhibition is here given of the cha- _ racter of Jesus. Behold, how tender his compassion, how extensive his grace! He seeks after those who are ready to perish, and, with repeated and impor- * Sect'25 and 31. 296 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. tunate solicitations, entreats them to hide eee “ under the shadow of his wings,” where alone th can be safe and happy. O, why are we unwilling accept his offers? Let us also remark how strict at his proceedings, when “ he lays judgment to the line.” How terrible the effects of his anger! Who, then, shall presume to contend with Him? Ifwe refuse to honour him by our unfeigned compliance, he will glorify himself in our everlasting destruction. 2 2. Let not the faithful ministers of Christ be reproached for endeavouring, like their Lord and Master, to admonish and reproye their careless hearers. In performing that painful part of their office, they do not assume the authority of a judge: but if, as the mouth of God, they should declare his — whole will without reserve, they must denounce — vengeance as well as proclaim merey. From the ex- ample of Jesus we see that this is consistent with the exercise of perfect compassion and meekness. And shall you charge with uncharitableness and pride those who ‘watch for your souls,” because they think themselves bound to address the wicked, even in the very strong language of the Saviour, “ How — can ye escape the damnation of hell?” 8. Let us seriously examine our own character. What is our state? What our expectation? Do we not, in some respect or other, betray a temper or conduct similar to that of the Pharisees? Much we have heard of their hypocrisy: let us fear to put on, as they did, a profession of piety ‘ for a cloak of maliciousness ;” this would be more detestable than avowed infidelity. Yet let not pure religion be Jaid aside because we abhor the vile dissimulation of those who have nothing buta fair appearance. Some are vehement in their inyectives against the men who “ for a pretence make long prayers,” while they themselves never pray at all. These persons may not come under the condemnation of Pharisees, but JESUS CHRIST. 207 they shall not escape the judgment of God for their npiety ; and, if they perish for ever, it will be no comfort to them that others are suffering a still eater degree of torment. O, let us welcome the Saviour, while we adopt that expressive acclamation, “ Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord;” that, “ when he shall appear” the second time, “ we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming *!” Amen. * 1 John ii. 28. 298 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. a | secT. 34. lee Jesus commended the liberality of a poor widow—pre- dicted the destruction of the city and temple of Jerusalem, and ihe various sigus and circumstances attending it—foretold, also, his coming to judgment, and exhorted to watchfulness. ‘fess Jesus, having pronounced a tremendous sentence upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and declared that “their house was left unto them desolate,” withdrew from that beautiful edifice, in which they gloried as their brightest ornament and surest defence. He departed from the temple to return no more. Yet, before he went out, he paused, and remarked the readiness with which the various worshippers cast their money into the treasury, for the necessary ex- penses of the divine service *. Many opulent persons contributed much; but he fixed his eyes upon a poor widow, while she was throwing in her two mites, and pointed her out to his disciples as an object of his pe- culiar regard. He knew her straitened circumstances ; he saw and approved the inward principle of her heart. The value of her oblation was trifling, but it included the whole of her little property. Our Lord, therefore, represented her liberality as more enlarged and more acceptable to God than the costly offerings of the wealthy, who had given up only a small part of their superfluity, and still retainal every enjoyment as before. We learn from this short narration that it is incumbent upon all to communicate, according to ’ * Mark xii. 41, &c. Lake xxi. 1—4. JESUS CHRIST- 299 well : : rating Saar salen their exact i furnish the strongest " evidence in support of the , and stand as am barrier the assaults of infidelity - impregnable against 4 He addressed his disciples to the following purpose -— e “ It is necessary for you to be upon your guard " against vain pretenders; for many impostors shall ses eae character of the Mes and affecting to set up his kimgdom. Dreadful een and. distresses, also, shall be permitted, before the appoited deselation of the Jews ; but you eught not, on that account, to be terrified or saz- _ prised. You will hear of the alarms of war, sedi- _ tions, famimes, pestilences, and earthquakes; and tremendous appearances shall be seem m the a; ‘yet, awful as these may he, they are imtended only as presages of far severer ealamities- ™ Matt. wan. 1, Se. . Mark um. 1, Ke. _ Loke xan & Ee. J 300 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. « You, my beloved friends, will stand in need of @ | peculiar degree of courage. For, previous to those” national judgments, the most violent persecutions | shall be raised against you ; so that you may expect, | in my service, universal hatred, stripes, imprison=— ment, and death itself. Hereby, indeed, an honour will be conferred upon you. While you are called to answer for yourselves, you will have the opportunity — of bearing witness to the truth before kings and rulers of the earth, and evincing the excellence of your principles. You may tremble, perhaps, under an apprehension, that, because you are destitute of learning and eloquence, you shall not be able to vin- dicate my Gospel as you ought, and may therefore be confounded in the presence of your judges. But you need not be anxious on this account, since the Holy Ghost will support you, and furnish you with proper arguments and words; and I pledge myself to give you such utterance and wisdom as shall render you superior to all the subtlety and power of your enemies. «This fierce opposition to my cause will stagger many of its professed friends, and induce them to desert it. Through the fear of persecution, they will apostatize from the truth, and betray their nearest relations, who steadfastly maintain it ; so that one brother shall treacherously deliver up another to the hand of violence, the father his son, the children their parents. What then have you to look for but general contempt and abhorrence? Yet a peculiar protection, extending even to your minutest concerns, shall be af~ forded you ; in dependence upon which, you may pos~ sess an unshaken firmness and composure of mind. — «* Many false teachers, also, shall arise, and spread destructive errors: and, through the prevalence of iniquity, not a few of those, who have shown much love for my name, shall decline from their spirituality and zeal. In the midst of such difficulties, you may , JESUS CHRIST. Sot be perplexed, and ready to abandon my service: but T exhort you to persevere through all extremities, haying respect to the glorious recompense of reward which is set before you. For your encouragement, ‘assure you that your word shall not be ineffectual; and that, by your means, weak as you are, the Gospel of my grace shall be promulgated from kingdom to kingdom, and make its way against all opposition to every nation of the known world. After that event the end shall come; the Jewish state shall be con- cluded, the city and temple laid in ruins, and both the civil and ecclesiastical polity totally destroyed. « There are, likewise, nearer signs, and certain at- tendant circumstances of this approaching devasta- tion, which you will carefully remark. According to Daniel’s prophecy*, you will see the Roman armies (properly called ‘the abomination of desolation,’ as being detestable for their idolatry, and as laying waste all before them) erecting their standards upon the holy ground, and investing Jerusalem. Let this: be considered as a signal that you must immediately quit the place, which is about to be demolished, and. retreat to the mountainous part of the country, for the preservation of your lives. Without regarding your substance, or even your apparel, fly upon the very first notice, with the utmost haste, or you will perish in the general calamity. These troubles will be peculiarly distressing ; they will be fraught with wo to pregnant women, and to the mother, whose tender infant still hangs upon her breast. Do you, also, pray that your departure may not happen in the winter, and that the day of your flight may not be the sabbath. The former would add new hazards to your escape, and new horrors to your banishment ; whilst the latter, in its necessity, would disturb that sacred invaluable rest, and aggravate the griefs of the fugitive from Zion and Jerusalem. * Dan, ix. 26. VOL. LV. DD 502 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | “As to this unhappy people, who are devoted to destruction, their case will be most deplorable indeed ; } for the afflictions which await them will be extreme, far surpassing every instance that has yet heen known, | or that shall occur again. A most tremendous slaugh- ter shall take place among them ; and those who escape | the edge of the sword shall be dispersed, in a state of wretched captivity, among all the nations of the world. Their well-fortified city shall be razed to its very | foundations, and remain in the possession of the | Gentiles till God's appointed time for the triumph of | the Gentiles shall be completed. Should the horrid | carnage and devastation continue long, the whole | Jewish race would be quite extirpated. But God, who still retains a purpose of mercy towards them, will preserve them as a separate people ; agreeably to | that declaration, ‘ Destroy it not, for a blessing is in its * During these troubles many deceivers will arise, and, under the assumed character of the Messiah, pro- mise deliverance. By specious arts and uncommon operations they will obtain much eredit; and, if the grace of God did not prevent, they would even per- vert from the truth my chosen followers. But you | | | | are required to take heed; and these my predictions — may be the means of your security. Be not, there- fore, induced to join any vain pretenders; for the calamities which I have foretold are unavoidable. The Son of man will come, as he hath said, like the lightning, which is sudden and terrible in its appear- ance, and irresistible in its effects. He will come, as — in flaming fire, to plead the cause of his Gospel, and to inflict exemplary vengeance on his enemies. Under his commission, the Roman soldiers, bearing fhe eagle on their standards, shall fly to the destruction of this devoted nation, as the devouring eagles to their prey. The awful desolation shall also be at-. ; * Isa. Ixy. & : JESUS CHRIS'T. ' 308 | tended, even as my final advent, with many surprising sights in the heavens, and with great commotions, wif; ar and terror, upon the earth.” efore we proceed further with our Lord’s solemn admonitions, let us pause awhile, and seriously me- ditate on these prophecies, so express and circum- stantial as to deserve our most earnest regard. They are so strong, as to be suflicient of themselves, were there no other evidence, to prove the truth of the Gospel. If the events have not answered these de- scriptions, then may Jesus be rejected as a base im- postor, and his whole system of doctrine derided, as no better than an artful fiction. But if, indeed, what he minutely foretold has been exactly accomplished, what shall we say? Can there a doubt remain con- cerning his mission, or the respect which is due to him? { It is generally allowed that those effects, which are clearly and undeniably miraculous, when produced in support of any position, are a full and incontestable confirmation of it. Now prophecies are no other than miracles, perhaps the most striking which can possibly be exhibited. To predict future events, which lie beyond the reach of conjecture, and which at the time appear highly improbable; to do this in a circumstautial manner, is as wonderful, and as plainly shows a divine interposition, as opening the eyes of the blind, or raising the dead to life. Yet this is what the Saviour has done. Nay, he has delivered such prophecies as yet continue to be ful- filled among ourselves. These, therefore, are like a standing miracle, and afford us a stronger attestation. of his Gospel than even those were favoured with who both saw and heard him. He declared, as we have remarked upon the sub- ject before us, many things which were unlikely to take place, and which he could not have pointed out hy any human acuteness or penetration. They were,, oO4 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. also, most offensive to the people around him, and such, therefore, as impostors, whose grand aim is to conciliate favour, would never have asserted. Nor is the application of his words doubtful: they are so express and particular, as to seem more like a history of the past than a prediction of the future. In con- firmation of this remark, we appeal to those who have related the facts as they really happened. Josephus, a Jewish writer, is in this view one of the strongest advocates for Christianity. He was present in the Roman camp at the destruction of Jerusalem, an eye-witness of the desolations of the siege and the capture ; and his account so exactly verifies our Lord’s declarations, as to furnish the best comment upon them. We might conclude that the historian himself was raised up and preserved by the providence of God on purpose to attest the truth of the Gospel, even contrary to his own intentions. It would be unsuitable to our contracted plan to produce large extracts from different authors in sup-. port of the words of Christ, or to give a distinct ex- position of the Evangelists. But it may be proper to fix our regard on a few remarkable particulars, which correspond to the predictions before us. The temple of Jerusalem has been destroyed by the very people whom our Lord mentioned. Yet that event was unlikely, considering the peace which then subsisted, and the strength of the fortress, which was generally thought impregnable. The Romans did not wish to demolish the holy citadel: the commander issued out his orders and laboured earnestly to pre- serve it ; and when he found his own schemes baftled, _ he was so struck as to declare that the Jews must be under the avenging hand of God. All the preceding and attendant circumstances also fell out as Jesus had described ; such as seditions, famines, we i eclipses, meteors, a comet, which resembled a flaming sword, hanging over Jerusalem, and contending armies JESUS CHRIST. 305 | in the air: such also were the immense slaughter of the Jews, and the entire subjection of those who sur- vived the massacre. The bare relation of the extreme distress and anguish universally felt on that melan- choly occasion would he enough to draw tears of com- passion from the most obdurate enemy. The remarkable deliverance of the Christians, like- | wise, fulfilled cur Lord’s words; for many of them, | observing the appointed signal, fled from the devoted city, and were rescued iffomn destruction. They were separated, as the Israclites from the midst of the Egyptians ; and “their lives were given unto them for a prey.” The very rapid propagation of the Gospel, which was preached in all the principal nations of the known world before Jerusalem was taken, i is another striking fact, which proves that Jesus is a true Prophet. Christian chur ches were very early planted in various Kingdoms upon the ruins of idolatry ; which. must have previously appeared utterly improbable, and can be ascribed only to the divine interposition. A doc- trine very opposite to men’s carnal affections, and striking at the root of all the religions then established, made its way with surprising energy, in spite of all human wisdom and power, which were employed to oppose it. The instruments also of accomplishing this work were in themselves so weak and contemptible, as to show that their success was miraculous. They were indeed, as their Lord foretold, universally hated and persecuted, beyond any other people, for their system of faith ; yet sal “prevailed. What, then, shall we say? Does not such a victor y, such a com- | pletion of an express prophecy, furnish astrong argu- ment for the truth and authority of the Gospel: ? Tn the same view we = to the dispersion of the Jews. Their city and temple were laid in ruins, and their frequent attempts to rebuild them have turned to their greater confusion... Julian, the Reman em- pDS$ 306 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. peror, encouraging them to it, was several times baffled in his profane purpose by the eruption of balls” of fire from the earth, which consumed the artificers” and their materials. No other reason can be given than this, that God will not suffer the declaration of his Son to fail, “‘ Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles” for a determined season. We see the’ Jews unable to recover the holy land, scattered over the face of the earth, and for above seventeen hundred years deprived of the true exercise of their ancient religion. Even now, in their best circumstances, — they enjoy but the precarious toleration of that which remains, and are united in no form of civil govern= ment. Contemplating their destitute condition, and their want of almost all the common bonds of union; we wonder that they are still a separate people, and still preserved. Most other ancient nations are long since extinct, their posterity being mixed, and lost in the general mass of mankind. But the Jews in- corporate with no others; they remain perfectly unconnected with the various communities where they are permitted to dwell, and are as so many witnesses of the truth both of the Old and New Testament, for they have fulfilled the prophecies of both. From these Scriptures we are likewise led to ex- pect their future restoration, which is as clearly fore- told as their dispersion. We have every reason, therefore, to believe, that it shall certainly be accom- plished, when “the times of the Gentiles are ful- filled.” Indeed the Jews seem to be preserved in their present distinct state for that very end: and, whenever their return shall take place, it will intro- duce a greater enlargement of the church than has ever yet been known. “For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be but life from the dead * ?” Yet, while we mourn for the present blindness of * Rom. xi. 15. JESUS CHRIST. 307 israel, let us be solicitous for ourselves, that we may mot despise and reject the Saviour as they have done. e trace the whole of their unparalleled calamities to that one sin: and is it not as offensive to God in us las in the Jews? Will it not infallibly bring down upon us his fierce indignation? Can we be so in- fatuated as to show a contempt for the Gospel, while we behold that devoted nation marked out by the curse of God for this very reason? And may we not fear that many readers, with an external profession lof Christianity, do not pay a serious regard to the | great Prophet of our God, but make light of all his gracious proposals? Shall you, then, escape for your iniquity? He “whom man despiseth, whom the /nation abhorreth,’ cometh to devour his adversaries, by a destruction infinitely more tremendous than that | ef Jerusalem. And if you continue to resist him, how | will you “abide the day of his coming? How will you stand when he appeareth ?” Of that his final advent, and the awful solemnities attending it, our Lord proceeded to warn his disciples, after having described his appearance to take vengeance of the Jewish nation. He was evidently led from the consideration of one event to that of the other ; and, many of the concomitant circumstances being exactly similar, we may be the less surprised at the difficulty of deciding to which some of his expressions are to be referred. They may be true of both ; or they may be applicable to one in a lower, and to the other in a more exalted, meaning. Nor should this be objected to, as it is perfectly agreeable to the language of prophecy, especially when : any occurrence is represented as the sign or earnest of something more remote*. In such cases the transition is frequently made before we are '# “ Una eademue oratio, dispari sensu accepta, plures simul eventus, disjunctos tempore, natura dissimiles, designat.” Lowth De Sacra Poesi Hebr. Prelect. xi. See also Bp. Hurd’s introduction to the Study of the Prophecies. 308 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, aware; and the former subject resumed, which seemed for a while to be dropped. _ The destruction of Jerusalem is a pledge to us of the future judgment. As the Jewish polity was! totally subverted, immediately after the calamities mentioned above, so Jesus reminds us that he: will come quickly, to put an end to the present frame and| system of things. When all those preceding diss) pensations which are predicted shall be fully accom- | plished, the whole fabric of this visible creation shall | be shaken, and He will appear in the clouds of heaven | with glorious majesty. While every eye ‘shall see | him, an inexpressible consternation shall take place | among all the families of the earth, and ten thousand times ten thousand shall be confounded at his pre | sence. A separation shall then be made. As he rescued his faithful disciples from the Jewish deyas-_ tation, so he will be mindful of all his chosen people, | and preserve them amidst the terrors of the last day. He will commission his angels to gather them to-— gether, and conduct them to glory. _O, joyful hour to them, who are wedeemed to God from the earth! You, who have fled for refuge to the Saviour, may welcome his approach, and rejoice at those awful events, which will hasten the consummation-of your “' bliss. In the prospect of it; you may look up with triumphant exultation, for it will not be long delayed. Jesus observed to his disciples, that, as they con- sidered the first budding of the trees an intimation of the return of summer, so they might judge, from~ the hints which he gave them, when the important. change was drawing nigh. He assured them that the, holy city should be destroyed before that generation should be extinct ; and accordingly, in about forty, years, it was totally demolished. He declared, also, that, though the whole frame of the material world shall perish, not one particle of his prophecies shall fail. The final dissolution, then, of all things, will JESUS CHRIST. 309 rertainly take place ; but the precise time is not re- ealed, for it remains a deep and unsearchable secret the mind of the eternal Father. Yet, though no ich particular warnings be afforded us of the last y, as of the desolation of Judea, we should be con- inually looking forwards to it, with the utmost awe nd solemnity of mind. According to our Lord’s admonition, his appear- nee, whensoever it shall be, will be sudden and ter- bible: as the flood swept away; the generation of oah, he will surprise and destroy many in the midst f their worldly occupations and sensual enjoyments. The sinners, who are at ease, shall instantly be over- helmed with confusion and horror; and an awful istinction shall be made between many of those, ho may then be in the same house or field, engaged together in the same employment. They, who are most intimately united upon earth, may hereafter be parted asunder, and unalterably appointed to different states, as they may differ in their characters. “ One Ishall be taken” to the presence, the glory, and the throne of God; “ and the other left” to receive the due reward of his deeds, and endure the fierceness of divine wrath. What a tremendous subject is this! Can we forget it, or treat it with levity? Why are we not more affected by the thought that “the Judge standeth before the door?” He will summon us to his bar; and we must “ give account of ourselves to him.” How shall we abide the scrutiny of that strict and impartial trial? We hear that some shall be sepa- rated from their dearest connexions in life, and con- signed to a place of misery. Does not this excite in us a holy jealousy for ourselves, and rouse us to in- quire what is to be done? Let us listen to our Lord’s application, in which he exhorts us to a serious and continual preparation for his coming. Is it an unquestionable truth that “ He will judge 310 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. the world in righteousness?” And is the time ua certain? How proper is the inference, “ Watch y therefore—take heed to yourselves—and pray alway —hbe ye ready!’ Keep at a distance from, ever thing which would expose you to his displeasure, 0 be inconsistent with an habitual expectation of hi advent. Beware, lest on any eceasion your hearts: oppressed by. intemperance, or an inordinate atten) tion_to secular affairs ; for these would bring a stupo upon you, and prevent you from possessing, as you ought, a constant readiness tomeet your Lord. Ah how many will be found in such a thoughtless state. that they will be surprised and overwhelmed wit horror at his appearance! It is necessary, therefore, that you exercise an unceasing vigilance and cirew: spection, if you would escape the confusion and mise: which they will endure. How carefully do you guard your habitatio against designs of violence in the night season! » I you had any reason to apprehend an assault from robbers, you would not dare to compose yourselves to sleep. Though you know not the particular hour when the attack may be made, you will provide for] the security of your persons, families, and property, and take every previous measure to defeat the in-| vader’s purposes. O, be wise for eternity! Should your Lord come upon you unawares, the consequence would be infinitely more terrible than the ransack- ing of your houses by the midnight plunderer. Be therefore jealous guardians, where negligence must.be followed by destruction. ; Your present situation in the church of Christ is_ like that of servants and stewards, to whom their master, upon his departure, hath intrusted the affairs of his family, and assigned their proper employment, It should be your concern, then, to be faithful and diligent, attending to your appointed work, that, when your Lord returns, he may find you occupied JESUS CHRIST. 311 your place, and you may give up your accounts fith joy. If such be your readiness to meet him, uw will be inconceivably blessed. Marks of distin- uislied honour, and the possession of an everlasting igdom, will be conferred upon you. Will not the pect of that glory support:and comfort you in all difficulties, and animate you to greater exertions zeal and self-denial ? ae ot How strange is that indifference which men dis- er about their eternal state! Many, evidently, mble the treacherous and wicked servant, who, resuming upon his master’s longer absence, neglects d abuses his trust by oppression and intemperance. _ Being surprised in his folly, and unexpectedly called account, he will be punished with severest venge- ce. O, do not thus flatter yourselves, that, because th and judgment may be far distant, you may safely ulge in sensual excesses! Your Lord may come when you are least aware, while you are totally en- grossed with pleasurable schemes: and then what ter- ror and anguish will seize and rend your guilty souls! As he will be inexorable, “ he will cut you asunder, and appoint you your portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” But were these solemn exhortations of Jesus de- signed for you? Yes: he himself has made the uni- versal application ; for he declares «‘ What I say unto you, I say unto all, Warcn.” O, live in a constant mindfulness of that word! Fly to him for mercy, before he come to execute judgment ; and seek for the renewing influence of his Spirit, that “ you may walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing.” Then shall you be able to meet him at the last with that triumphant acclamation, “ Lo, this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us: this is the Lord ; we have waited for him, we will be glad, and rejoice in his salyation *.” Amen. ; : * Tsa, xxv. 9. i) _— tie) SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 35. Jesus inculcated a serious preparation for his coming by the parables of the ten virgins, and of the talents and then gave a particular description of the last judgment. Tue Son of man will come again, but not as in t days of his humiliation. He will come, not as “ama of sorrows,” but as “the Lord of glory ;’ not to off himself a sacrifice, but to execute judgment ; not contend with the opposition of sinners, but to mani- fest the character, and determine the everlasting con- dition, of each individual in the whole human race. He himself has told us that he will return for the very purposes, and we profess to expect it. “ Wha manner of persons,” then, “ ought we to be in all holy, “ conversation and godliness, looking for and hasting unto the coming of the day of God *!” We have already contemplated the Saviour, as he! sat upon the mount of Olives, foretelling his final ad< vent, and exhorting his disciples to make a suitable preparation. We shall now consider the conclusion of his solemn address on the same occasion, in which he gives stronger and sublimer representations of that grand event, and enforces the duty of constant watch- fulness and diligent application to our proper work. May we pr roceed to the interesting subject with true seriousness of mind, and with fervent —— — it may produce its due influence upon us! By an affecting parable Jesus exhibited the ialeent state of things in his visible church, the different ae * 2 Pet. tii. 11, 12. JESUS. CHRIST. 315 racters of its members, and the different reception they will meet with from him at. the last day*. Ten virgins are described as attending at the celebration of a marriage, and preparing to meet the bridegroom, that they may conduct his bride by the light of their lamps, Sane to the ancient custom of nuptials in the East. The Lord Jesus Christ is the Bridegroom here signified, who will shortly come to complete the union with his illustrious spouse, and receive her to his own glorious kingdom. In the mean time, all those who profess the Gospel are required to hold themselves in a state of readiness, that they may obey his summons, and accompany him on that occasion to his heavenly mansions. Such was the office of the virgins: ah! how widely did they differ from each other! “Five of them were wise, and five were fool- ish.” Yet this difference was not easily discernible till the closing scene. They all took their lamps, as if they were properly prepared to attend upon the bridegroom, and waited for his appearance. But the wise only were furnished with oil sufficient to supply their lamps when their original stock should be ex- hausted. The foolish provided not for a future hour ; they were satisfied with just so muchas would afford them light for the present. - An apt resemblance is here exhibited of an awful distinction which really subsists among the professed foliowers of Christ, however it may now he concealed from us by specious disguises. Such as are evidently careless, and have not even the show of. piety, come not under the description of the parable.. Their dan- ger is too manifest to bedoubted. But of those, who seem to be strictly religious, and warmly attached to _ the service of Christ, all possess not the same holy prin-. ciple in their hearts. Some only are truly “ wise unto salvation,” being inwardly what their external pro- fession imports. They have received forgiveness of * Matt. xxv. 1, &e, , VOL, IV. ne 314 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS- their sins, and are renewed in righteousness, so thaf, | whenever their Lord shall come, they will be found” an acceptable people in his sight. The vital and ope- rative influence of divine gracedwells within them,and is their security for a future day: by this they per-" severe to the end, and therefore will be saved. é Others, alas! with fair appearances deceive both themselves and the church around them. They | “have a form of godliness,” which procures them | esteem ; and with this they are content. They may be regular in their conduct, and blameless before men; they may be zealous for right doctrines, and strict in all ritual observance of religion. Yet they are “foolish,” in neglecting to look forward and pro-— vide for death and judgment. They may makea glit- tering show for the present ; but, possessing not “ the | new heart and the new spirit,” nor being truly united to Christ, they cannot endure the approaching trial, | ‘or be “ meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light.” The Lord alone can infallibly dis- cern this great difference between persons whose pro- fessions and appearances are the same: but it becomes — us to search ourselves, for our character and state will — soon be determined for ever. ° 4 Through the delay of the bridegroom, the painful- — ness of watching overcame the virgins: the protracted — duty of a sentinel wearied their spirits, and they were — all tempted to indulge themselves in sleep. Ah! — what remissness and stupor do we perceive among — real as well as nominal Christians! While death and — judgment are thought to be at a distance, do we not — sink down into a spiritual languor and supineness ? Have not worldly cares and sensual gratifications — a tendency to deprive our souls of their proper vigour — ‘and activity? We sleep when we ought to be awake, and, instead of waiting to meet our Lord, have need ~ to be roused from our lethargy. That this should be the case with those who possess not the power of god- JESUS CHRIST. .- 315 Tiness, is no wonder. But it is strange indeed that | true believers should fall into such a torpor: and yet few even of them preserve that heavenly frame of mind which consists in an habitual leoking for the Saviour. The approach of the bridegroom was at length an- nounced. The solemn summons was proclaimed at midnight, “ Behold, the bridegroom cometh ; go ye | out to meet him.” The virgins arose, and immedi- ately endeavoured to put themselves in a state of readiness. And now the foolish discovered their own | negligence and deficiency ; but it was too late to find a remedy. Their lamps were entirely gone’ out. dn vain they implored a supply of oil from the wise, who had no more than was absolutely necessary for themselves. In vain they attempted to purchase. The warning was too short ; the bridegroom was at hand. They only, who were wise, were prepared to meet him, and admitted to partake of the marriage feast. ‘‘ The door was shut,” to the exclusion of all others: though the foolish earnestly solicited to be received, they were rejected with abhorrence. } How awful will be the notice of death and judg- ment! Must it not effectually rouse and awaken every soul of man? <“ The hypocrites in Zion” will he thrown into the utmost consternation and horror when they perceive their real state, and find that their former light of false profession and false hope is en- tirely extinguished, and that it will then profit them nothing. When they are about to be summoned to the bar of God, they may try, perhaps, to make pre- paration, and call on all around to help them. But in vain: their day of grace is expired, and no further mercy is to be obtained. They must be taken away as they are, nor can they be admitted into the hea- venly kingdom, however they may “cry with a great and exceeding bitter cry.” Alas! to what purpose had they maintained a profession of religion so long ? 316. SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | Their formal services, their cold and hypocritical at- | tendance upon religious ordinances, will then appear | utterly unavailing. No such petition as “Lord, | Lord, open to us!” will be accepted: theyare excluded — | for ever. | But those who have been “ found in the faith” will | be unspeakably blessed. They may be overtaken’ in — a state of very culpable negligence ; yet it is not the — sleep of the insincere. Notwithstanding their failures — and declensions, they preserve a supreme love to God, © and an habitual union with Christ. They are, there- ~ fore, actually “ ready,” though they may be surprised in a frame of mind not so lively and spiritual as they ought at all times to possess. Upon the first intima- tions of their Lord’s approach they may be perplexed ; ~ but they are safe: they shall enter with him into his — kingdom, and sit down at his table. And “ blessed are they which are called unto the marriage supper — of the Lamb*.” pe Jesus has taught us to make a proper application — of the parable. As we know not at what hour we shall be summoned to meet him, he enjoins us to — maintain a constant vigilance, and to wait with un- closed eyelids the signals of his appearance. Let us seek for his pardoning and renewing grace, through the merit of his blood, and the influence of the Holy Ghost: and, being thus reconciled to God, “let us watch and be sober.” If we expect the coming of our Lord, what have we to do with self-indulgence ? O “let us not sleep as do others,” nor be content merely to escape condemnation ; but “ give diligence, that an entrance may be ministered unto us abun~ dantly into the everlasting kingdom of our Lord and — Saviour Jesus Christ +.” ; He continued to warn his disciples of the last judg- ment, and by another parable urged the necessity of activity in his service, as, in that which we have just * Rev. xix. 9. + 2 Pet. i. 10, 11. JESUS CHRIST. 317 considered, he had inculcated a holy watchfulness. One of a similar nature and tendency had been deli- vered before* ; but we need not be anxious to avoid ‘a repetition of instructions so important. A of rank and property is represented as sparting to a distant country, and previously com- ‘mitting the care of his substance to his servants, that they may improve it for his use. He distributed his effects among them in shares of different value ; to ‘one five talents, to another two, and to another one, according to their respective ability. Thus, also, Jesus deals with his church. He is the great Lord and Proprietor of all; and, as every thing is derived from him, every thing should be employed with a view to his glory. He is gone into heaven ; but those who are called by his name are requi in his "absence, to manage his concerns. All our POssessions, advan- tages, and opportunities, our natural capacitics, and the gifts of Providence which we enjoy, are granted to us, not as our own absolute right, but as a tem- f trust. We are enjoined to turn them to the best account, to make them our commercial store, for the diffusion and interchange of blessings, that wé may promote the honour of God, and the advance- ment of true religion. This, however, cannot be ef- fected without without great exertions and unwearied assiduity. What, then, was the conduct of these servants? The two, who had received most, improved, and even doubled their stock, by a diligent application : but the man to whom the one talent was committed, being secretly disaffected to his master, refused to make any use of it whatever. Our Lord meant not to intimate that those who are placed in the most ‘eminent situations are most faithful and laborious in doing his work ; for fact and experience often prove the contrary. But the representation was rather in- : * Luke xix. 12—27. See Sect. 30. EES $18 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. tended to teach us, that they, who enjoy the few advantages, are accountable to him. Blessed. be God, there are those in his church, who move in the | highest and most enlarged sphere, with credit ‘af their profession, and. extensive benefit to others. They who are truly devoted to him, and live under the influence of his grace, cannot allow themselves in habitual indolence. Their heart’s desire is to taal every opportunity, .and exert all their faculties, that’ they may render themselves of real use in their gene- ration. Do we answer this description ? Are there not many among us, who, with peculiar gifts, are doing no-— thing, or nothing to the purpose? And is it not dis- graceful to be as drones, an incumbrance, instead of a blessing, to society? Or is no danger to be appre- hended from such,a,conduct? Let us attend to the issue. ; The servants were continued in their trust for a considerable time ; but at length their master re- turned, and called them to a strict account. Thus, in due season, Jesus will be revealed from heaven, and it will be one great end of his appearance to reckon with us. Yes: he will demand of us, and it will be publicly declared, what has been our plan” of life, in what manner we employed the deposit which he left under our care. | The diligent and faithful servants were distin- guished by their lord’s approbation, and received a large recompense. They represented, with humble gratitude, what he had enabled them to do. They owned his goodness, and gave him the praise. With kind condescension, he instantly applauded their fidelity, and rewarded their exertions with a propor= tionable share of preferment. Such will be the fa- vourable acceptance which believers, who have lived not unto themselves, but unto Jesus their exalted Master, shall meet with from. him at his final advent. They are indebted to him for their whole salvation, d JESUS CHRIST. 319 and they will acknowledge their best obedience to be the fruit of his love. This, however, he determines to exhibit before the assembled universe, for his own honour, as well as for their happiness. He will de- clare himself well pleased in their upright and zealous endeavours to promote his glory, and assign them a portion of the felicities of his kingdom. It should also be remarked, as an instance and proof of his mercy, no less than of his righteousness, that he will approve in his people those very works, which they performed only by the. influence of his Spirit ; and that he will bestow upon them rewards adjusted to the various degrees of their faithfulness and assiduity. ~ What, then, became of the slothful servant? He seems to have flattered himself that he was safe, at least, if not worthy of commendation, because he had not squandered away the money committed to him. He presumed even to vindicate his conduct by the most injurious representations of his master, . as requiring what was severe, unreasonable, unjust, or impossible. But his very pleas were urged against him, and formed the ground of his cordemnation ; for they showed his baseness, inconsistency, and ma- lignant disposition towards his lord. He was, ac- cordingly, turned out with disgrace from the trust which he had abused, and sentenced to a state of endless imprisonment and consummate wretchedness, This is an awful description of the present cha- racter and final doom of those who are “idle and unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.” Possibly they may have the most confident expectations of escaping punishment, because their behaviour is inoffensive ; and they may not be unde- ceived till they are called to give up their accounts. But on that occasion no one will be excused merely because he has done no harm, even if such a pretence were true. It will be inquired how much real and 320 SCRIPTURE QHARACTERS. - povitive good has been effected. Do any dare to ope that the great difficulties of a religious life, f which their strength is unequal, will justify their indolence ? They should be reminded, that, the more arduous their work appears, the more stre- nuous exertions are necessary, and that the weakness — of which they complain is not to be charged upon God, as it is no other than their own extreme depravity, a confirmed hatred of God and holiness. — Their notions that the obedience which God requires is unpleasant, impracticable, and a tyrannical im-_ position, are false, and evince a deep malignity of mind. — These, therefore, will be produced against them to ~ their entire confusion. Even on their own principles, — their conduct should be far different; and, whatever — they may talk of their inability, they will be con-— demned for their negligence. To be “slothful,” in — the language of the parable, is to be “ wicked ;” and — those who are “ unprofitable,” that is, useless in their — place and generation, shall be finally excluded from — God and happiness, and consigned to everlasting tor-— ment and despair, where they may for ever bewail their folly, but must continue to feel its effects in a state of unutterable anguish. The proper conclusion, then, is, that the present life. is not a time for loitering. You must expect the — return of your Lord to reckon with you; and, there- fore, you must not only wait for him, but diligently — apply to his work. It is not enough that you avoid — gross and scandalous offences, or be harmless in so- ciety. If no fruits of righteousness are produced, no glory brought to God, no benefit accrue to his church, — through your labours of faith and love, you must hear that tremendous sentence, “ Cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” 28 Jesus proceeded to enforce these awful admonitions in the most explicit terms, without the obscurity of —— LL. CU JESUS CHRIST. 321 parable, describing his future advent, and the man- her in which the last judgment will be conducted. he passage, as it stands in the Evangelist, is sin- Sularly sublime and affecting. It sets before us fh scene the’most grand and interesting which can sibly be conceived. All in heaven and all on earth e convened together, (an immense and innumerable pompany !) while their Creator and their Governor, king his seat upon a throne of glorious majesty, ¢nters into a strict examination of every human cha- racter, and appoints to all the children of Adam their proper places, either in happiness or misery, for ever. We are here, then, obliged to consider ourselves before the great tribunal, in the midst of the assembled universe. Every eye is fixed upon the person of the Judge. [tis “the Son of man,” who assumed our nature, ind once dwelt among us in a state of profound hu- niliation. How different from the first is this his econd advent! He comes with supreme authority, md displays the brightness and perfections of Deity. it is the time of his public manifestation, when the lignity and excellency of his character, which were bscured during his residence on the earth, are known ind confessed by all. And are we not constrained, rom the very description before us, to own that Jesus s “the Lord of glory,” “over all, God blessed for ver?” Considering the grandeur of his appearance, nd his illustrious retinue, attended as he is by all he holy angels; considering, too, the nature of his fice, which implies that he possesses no less than om- science and a sovereign power of determining the inal state of all mankind, and of closing the gates of leaven and hell for ever ; we cannot hesitate to con- lude that he is Jehovah. O, let us give him, what ie is worthy to receive, our unfeigned and supreme everence, confidence, and love! Let “every knee ow at his name, and every tongue confess that Jesus hrist is Lord.” 322 “SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS, The whole human race are gathered together fore him, and stand to take their trial at his But his all-discerning eye separates them into t classes, according to their characters; and in’ division the one need fear no mistake, nor the ot presumptuously expect it. His faithful people, w have owned him as their Shepherd, and who were re deemed and defended by him as the sheep of his flock, are placed on his right hand; and on his left are all those who have continued in opposition to him, in the uncleanness of their natural corruption, who are therefore hateful in his sight. With a solemnity and majesty, which no words can describe, he proceeds to pass the irrevocable senten The King of glory speaks, declaring his affectionate ‘ regard for those on his right hand, as being dear te his Father, and distinguished by his grace. He wel- comes them to his presence, and commands them te enter into the immediate possession of that inheritance which had been originally appointed for them im the divine counsels. Yet, as that is “the day of the re. velation of the righteous judgment of God,” he justifies his favour to them, and proves undeniably the equity of his dispensations. To this end he produces to pub lic view the works of righteousness which they hav performed through faith, and from loye to his name Their acts of kindness, in relieving and comforting hii afflicted and oppressed people, he exhibits as an evi dence that they are the very persons to whom th promises are made. They themselves, it should seem would not presume to mention their best exertions i his service ; these. do not constitute the ground 6 their dependence. Nay, they express their wonder that he should speak in terms of such honourable re gard and approbation of their ohedience and zeal which they had scarcely heen conscious of, and kne\ to be‘ unworthy of his notice. But he confirms th sentence, and graciously declares, that he accepts am JESUS CHRIST. ; 3525 ompenses what they have done for the meanest mber of his church, as if it were done to himself. In the mean time, the impenitent and unbelieving re filled with horror and dismay, waiting to receive - their doom. The King omnipotent turns to them, , to evince his holy indignation at the baseness of their conduct, bids them to depart from him, under the weight of his curse, into a state of endless tor- ment. There they must be companions of those — apostate spirits, the devil and his angels, with whom they were confederate insrebellion. Nor is this the decree of a merciless tyrant, but the appointment of a righteous Judge. Accordingly, he proceeds to bring forth the strongest evidence against them, and proves, from their disobedience, unbelief, and contempt of his name, that they deserve this heavy condemnation. Their neglect of those duties of mercy, which he in- dispensably requires as the fruits -of faith and love, clearly manifests their character, and justifies his decision. Many of them in this life appear not to be sensible of their guilt, and even rise up in their own vindication: but if, at that day, they should presume to deny the charge, it will be substantiated from the unerring testimony of the King himself, to their entire confusion. He will convict them of falsehood andhypocrisy, inpretending a regard to him, when they have despised his poor members; and therefore he will declare that his sentence against them shall stand. It remains only that the determination of the Judge be carried into effect. Accordingly, those who come under his condemnation are driven away from his presence, and consigned to that tremendous punishment, from which there can be no release : and those who are justified before him immediately re- ceive the consummation of their bliss and glory, eh will be durable as the existence of God him- self. 324 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. | This important description leads us to observe, 1. That good works will obtain an honourable notice at the last day. God forbid, therefore, that v should not now give them their proper consequence and, attention. The inquiry at the tribunal of Christ, a here represented, will be instituted concerning th evidences of our faith. Our obedience will be pro duced to prove the sincerity of our religious profe sions, and the strength, as well as reality, of our principles. This testimony will be required, not for the information or satisfaction of the Judge, who ' intimately acquainted with every case, and with the very secrets of all hearts, but for the exhibition of his own righteous character before the universe We perceive, too, that a special regard will be paid t acts of Christian kindness and liberality. Much stres is laid upon love, as peculiarly pleasing to God : upon that love, which shows itself in vigorous exertions for the support and consolation of those who belong to th family of Christ. This, which is the necessary fruit of faith, maintains, in all its efforts, a continua respect to the Saviour; on which account it is ho noured with so high a commendation. But this ig essentially different from that vain indiscriminate ge- nerosity, which proceeds not from right motives, ané which, though admired by the world, is offensive te God. We observe, also, 2. That the sins of unbelievers will be publicly de- clared in the day of judgment. We cannot be con= cealed from the piercing eye of God. Every instance of our misconduct is noted down in his book; and, if we do not now obtain remission through the blood of the cross, all will be produced against us at that so- lemn reckoning. No man will be condemned without evidence; and the evidence against sinners will be so strong and incontestable, as to silence their pleas, and confound them before their Judge. The habitual neglect of “known duties, no less than the! , 7 JESUS CHRIST. 825 actual commission of gross iniquity, will exclude us from heaven; since the former, as well as the latter, will prove the heart unsound. This is, indeed, a most alarming consideration ; and yet it necessarily follows from our Lord’s description. Those who are desti- tute of love, or not actuated by a supreme regard to Christ to lay themselves out for the benefit of his church, shall hear the tremendous sentence, “ Depart from me, ye cursed.” What, then, is to be done? Let us be solicitous to obtain that faith, which “worketh by love.” Let us pray to be united to Jesus, as living branches of the true vine; that we may be “filled with the fruits of righteousness,” and “have boldness in the day of judgment.” Amen. VGL. IV. FF 326 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. sect, 36. Jesus celebrated the passover—washed his disciples’ Jeet—instituted the eucharist—declared the trea- chery of Judas, and the approaching fall of Peter. j | | i ¥ 5 It was love which brought down the Saviour from f heaven ; a love which must astonish those who se- — riously contemplate its inexpressible dimensions ; a— love which is constant, immutable, and everlasting. — This principle appeared to actuate him during the whole of his abode on earth ; and, especially toward — the close of his life, every minute circumstance was — so ordered, as to show the strength and tenderness of his affection for the dear followers whom he had chosen to himself. He retained his little family — about him, all of whom, except one, had been sin- cerely attached to him; and now, though he was about to depart from them, his kindness was un-— diminished : he continued most ardently desirous of — promoting their happiness, even to the latest mo-— ment *. We also may rejoice that He is “the Lord, — who changeth not ;” and that he has expressly de- — clared to every believer, “I will never leave thee, nor — forsake thee.” . A general account is given us of the manner in which he spent the few days immediately pre-— ceding his death. He constantly attended the tem- ple, where he taught the people with ‘unwearied as- — siduity, and retired each evening to the mount of Olives, probably for the purposes of devotion t. On * John xiii. 1. + Luke xxi. $7, $8. Bethany lay at the foot of this mount, and perhaps our Lord spent some part of his evenings with his beloved friends in that town. See Sect. 32. Matt, xxi. 17. _ JESUS CHRIST. 327 the Tuesday, after delivering the instructions which we have considered, he warned his disciples that he should be betrayed and crucified at the approaching festival*. Then, also, as it should seem, while the rulers were consulting how they might destroy him without raising a public commotion, Judas went and bargained with them for a paltry sum of money, the common price of a slave, treacherously to. surrender up his Master into their hands. Thursday in On the morningof Thursday, Jesus com- Passion week. manded two of his disciples to make the ' necessary preparations for celebrating the passover Tt. But, as they were destitute of a habitation of their own, where could they assemble together for the purpose? The difficulty was soon removed ; and the manner of its removal proved that Jesus possessed a clear knowledge of all events, and exercised a full au- thority over every heart. He described to his chosen messengers the place and circumstances in which they should meet the servant of one, who would be immediately disposed to receive them into his house. There they provided the paschal lamb; and thither he repaired with the twelve, at the proper hour of the evening, for the observation of the holy solemnity. When they were set down together, he addressed them with peculiar tenderness, assuring them that he had felt an earnest desire to partake of that passover with them before he quitted the world. He then directed that they should divide the cup of wine among themselves (which was an usual ceremony at the beginning of the paschal supper), and declared that he would no more drink of the fruit of the vme till God should introduce his kingdom, and the object of that ordinance should be fulfilled. The Jewish sacrament here mentioned exhibited * Matt. xxvi. 1—5, 14—16. Mark xiv. 1, 2,10, 11. LIuke xxii. 1—6. ' + Matt. xxvi. 17—20. Mark xiv. 12—17. Luke xxii. 7—18 328 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. in a typical manner some of the grand blessings of the Gospel. It was appointed to preserve a, remembrance of the deliverance of the Israelites, when the destroy= ing angel slew all the first-born of the Egyptians *, — and at the same time to represent the security which the true Israel shall receive through the shedding of . the blood of Jesus. He is the end and substance of the ordinance; and for that very reason it was designed that he should be betrayed at the particular season, and on the very night, when the paschal lamb was killed, that he might more exactly answer to the type. ° “Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us: therefore let us keep the feast t,” not the Jewish, but the Christian festival ; and let us be solicitous that the blood of this Lamb of God may be sprinkled upon our hearts by faith ; for without this we shall stand exposed to the “fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.” It is not easy, nor is it of consequence to our plan, to settle precisely the order of the various circum- stances which occurred at the last supper. At that time probably, but in which part of the entertainment we do not determine, Jesus submitted to assume the habit and employment of a servant, and wash the feet of his disciples{t. This transaction was conducted, not in a light and trifling manner, but with a serious solemnity ; and we perceive an inexpressible grandeur as well as condescension in the Saviour’s deportment. Knowing that Judas had formed the scheme of betray- ing him, and that his own departure was near, he was desirous of improving the few remaining hours in de-~ livering all necessary instructions to his dear disciples. For this purpose, though conscious of his great dig- nity, as the supreme Almighty Lord, who came down from the throne of glory in the highest heavens, and - was about to return thither, he deigned to exhibit a further instance of his deep, humiliation. He rose up from supper, and put himself into the habit of a * Exod. xii, +1 Cor.v. 7,8 John xiii, 1—17. JESUS CHRIST. 329 menial servant, that he might minister to his poor followers ; and He, who was Lord of all, stooped to the very lowest office, while with his own hands he washed their feet. We cannot but wonder at his conduct, and ask what-end it was designed to answer. It appears to have been a significant action, intended to represent the nature and efficacy of that grace by which he pu- rifies his people from their natural pollution. This is his own explanation. When Peter objected the un- suitableness of his exalted Master’s performing so mean a service for him, Jesus replied, that this, as well as his other dispensations, would be more clearly under- stood hereafter : and added, “ If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.” Are we, then, sensible of our great defilement? It is declared that “we are all as an unclean thing*,” “altogether become filthy t.” Were this properly understood, it would produce in us a deep'abhorrence of ourselves, and a cordial esteem for the Saviour, whose office it is to deliver us from corruption, and communicate spiritual purity. Then we should rejoice in that gracious promise, “I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness and from your idols will I cleanse you {.” Then we Should pray, as Peter, “ Lord, wash not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.” Those indeed, who are the faithful disci< ples of Jesus, are clean already, as he testified: but it is still necessary, even for them, to renew their appli- cation to him, that they may be freed from those pol- lutions which they are daily contracting. The action was designed likewise as a lesson of hu- mility toall his people. He had frequently inculeated poverty of spirit, self-denial, meekness, and lowliness of mind ; and now, to confirm the instructions he had given, he stooped to this service. He therefore called upon the twelve to be consistent with their profes- * Isa. Ixiv. 6. + Psal. lui: 3. ~ $Ezek. xxxvi. 25. FES 330 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. sions of regarding him as their Master and Lord, and — to follow his example by a readiness to submit to — mean and painful employments, for the benefit and — comfort of others. He reminded them that a similar — conduct would be no disparagement to them, who | were only his attendants and messengers, and that their religious knowledge would be a blessing no ~ further than it produced’a suitable practice. The solemn admonition probably had a peculiar reference to the state of their minds. It was at that | time when a strange and unseasonable contention had — arisen among them about the chief preferment in the temporal dominion, which they still expected him to- establish *. This ambitious spirit, these carnal views and affections, he reproved. He argued, that though a fondness for power prevailed in the Gentile world, it was inconsistent with their character and engage-~ ments, who were required to show their eminence by condescension and meekness. He himself had ap- peared among them in the form of a servant. He assured them that he did not forget their faithful and steadfast attachment through his various afflictions, and that he would recompense it by conducting them to a state of exaltation far superior to that which they had so eagerly desired. He solemnly promised them that they should partake of that bliss and glory which he was going to possess, that they should there enjoy the most intimate communion with him, and even sit, like his assessors in the judgment, with marks of pecu- liar dignity, approving and confirming the sentence which should be pronounced upon the twelve tribes of Israel. ‘ We also, who follow the Saviour, should be in- structed to look for our preferment in the world above. Being “faithful unto death,” we shall re- ceive “a crown of life.” The meanest of his servants shall hereafter obtain “a kmgdom which cannot be * Luke xxii. 24—30. 4 JESUS CHRIST. ISt moved.” A distinguished honour, doubtless, is: re- served for the Apostles at the last day. Yet believers of a lower order may exult in the prospect of their _ future advancement. ‘Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world*?” Jesus himself hath declared, without respect to persons, “To him that evercometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne +.” But, for the present, this is our direction, «Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate {.” We are forbidden to cherish ambition and avarice, envy and contention. We are strictly enjoined to forego our own interest, ease, and re- putation, whenever we can thereby render ourselves more extensively useful in life. With this view we must frequently submit to such services as may seem to diminish our consequence, and require painful and laborious exertions. This will show that we imitate our great Exemplar ; and those only can claim an interest in his promises who are willing to tread in his steps. Where, then, shall we find those, who maintain the Christian character with consistency? Many there are, who compliment Jesus with the appella- tion of Lord and Master: but we ask, Do you possess the mind which was in Him? Is he the pattern which you propose to yourselves for the regulation of your own spirit and practice? Are you living under the habitual influence of humility ? The appearance and the language you may easily assume ; but does the disposition itself abide in you, and govern your conduct? What means that selfishness, that pride, and eagerness for advancement, which we so fre- quently discover under a religious profession? How unsuitable for you, who should be dead to the world, are all contentions about honour and _ precedency ! Do not the various commotions, by which even the church itself is divided, prove that there is little of real Christianity among us, because there is little con- formity to Christ? Why do you decline this or the ° #1 Gor. vi. 2. + Rey. iti. 21. + Rom. xii. 16. 332 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. other office to which you are ealled ? Possibly it may seem low and degrading in the estimation of men ; it may be grating to corrupt nature, or it may ob- struct your secular views. But, while you contem-_ plate the Lord of glory washing the feet of his dis- — ciples, be ashamed of paying so much regard to your — own convenience. Surely it is not beneath you to | copy after him ; and, to do this, you must be “as one | that serveth.” ° i | Upon the same occasion, also, Jesus instituted the ¥ eucharist, probably before they rose from the table, — since it is said to be done “as they were eating.” — While he fulfilled in himself the ancient ver; and abolished its observance, he embraced that opportu= — nity to ordain a new sacrament, which su led to it, as baptism did to circumcision. This is a rite of peculiar importance under the Gospel dispensation; and it is not difficult to ascertain its nature and de= ~ sign, from the clear account which is given of its ori- ginal appointment *. ;. Jesus took bread, and, looking wp with devout af- — fections to God for his blessing, he divided it into se- veral shares. He then distributed it among his disci- ples, commanding them to receive it as an emblem of — his suffering body, and in commemoration of his death. In like manner, also, he delivered to them a eup of wine, which he directed them all to partake of, as a representation of his precious blood, whereby the new covenant is confirmed to us, and remission of sins obtained. He further declared that he should no more join with them in that solemnity upon earth, but that they should hereafter celebrate to- gether the sacred mysteries therein exhibited. Such was the institution: nor can we doubt that the observance of it is binding upon us, since an Apostle has taught us that hereby we are to “ show the Lord’s death T1LL HE comet.” It is also ma« * Matt. xxvi. 2630. Mark xiv. 22—26, Luke xxii. 19, 20. t 1 Cor. xi. 26, JESUS CHRIST. 3383 nifest, from the plain and simple description before us, for what purposes, and with what temper of mind, Wwe should communicate in this divine ordinance. esus himself is the grand object which it is intended to display. He is set forth before us as our spiritual and sustenance. Those visible elements, bread land wine, which afford peculiar nourishment to our bodies, very fitly represent Him, who alone can ‘maintain the life and vigour of our souls. Yet, as he does this only in consequence of his sufferings, he is here proposed to our view 2s wounded, bleeding, \dying, for us. His body, like the bread, was broken ; his blood, like the wine, was poured out. Thus, we observe, by virtue of his sacrifice, “ his flesh is meat indeed, and his blood is drink indeed *.” The participation of this sacrament shows the ne- cessity of receiving Christ by faith. The bread and wine must be taken before they can yield any nutri- ment: and “except we eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, we have no life in us +.” Then especially, when we approach to his table, we should exercise a fixed and strong dependence upon him. Let us attend to his own injunction, “ Do this in remembrance of me.” Let us bear in mind the dignity of his person, the glory which he originally possessed, and the humiliation to which he stooped. We are to regard him, not only as a bright example, or a kind benefactor, but as our High-Priest, offering up himself as an atonement to God, to make recon- ciliation for us. Thus, while we remember the agonies which he endured, we should “look upon him whom we have pierced, and mourn for l:im{.” The recol- lection of his cross will constrain us to “abhor our- selves, and repent in dust and ashes.” _ Yet, as a holy festival, it affords a proper eccasion for the exercise of lively joy. What can be so caleu~ Jated to revive and gladden the heart as the view of *Johnvi55. - $vid3. — £ Zech xii 10, S34 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. those inestimable benefits which are here exhibited What ean tend more to inspire us with hope} cor fidence, love, and zeal? Nay, it is the appointed. me thod in which God is pleased to strengthen, quicken and comfort his people ; and as our wants return up¢ us, so, by a frequent attendance on this ordinane we should seek fresh communications of grace. Wi are encouraged to expect his presence and blessing and thus are enabled to maintain a freedom of inter- course with him. Such an attendance, also, will | the means of uniting us together in the bonds 4 Christian fellowship, and of rendering us “ kindly af fectioned one to another with brotherly love.” Whai a source of happiness is this! Yet does not the neral neglect of the Lord’s table prove that the Saviot has but a small share in our remembrances ? 7 We do not invite sinners who are living in ignos rance and contempt of God. We warn them not to profane the solemnity by their formality and i verence. If you feel not your need of Jesus, nor desi to please him, insult him not by presuming to “ of his bread, and to drink of the wine which he hat mingled.” But you, who are bowed down witha = = of guilt and depravity, who earnestly wish to ac salvation on the terms of the Gospel, may approach with humble hope. Only devote your souls and your all to Jesus, and bind yourselves by a yow to. — him with all your faculties, to the last moment of your lives, and here you may expect to receive the tokens of his love, and the gracious supplies of his spirit. wil Judas was present when our Lord declared in th strongest terms his high regard for his disciples ; it is probable that even the traitor himself participa‘ of the holy eucharist. But, though he had acted his part in so subtle a manner as not to be suspected by the other Apostles, neither his character nor his de- signs were concealed frem Jesus. At length it ap- JESUS CHRIST. 335 expedient that the rest also should be apprized the diabolical plan of treachery, then ripe for exe- tion. While, therefore, they were all at table toge- er, the Saviour intimated his perfect knowledge of it: and this he did, that his chosen followers might mot be staggered when they should see one from among themselves so scandalously desert his post, t be confirmed in the faith, by observing a com- - pletion of the Scriptures in that event. He exhorted them, also, to persevere in their zealous exertions for his cause, assuring them that both he and his Father ‘were concerned for their favourable reception in the world *. » In the view of this sad case Jesus felt a keen anguish of spirit. He-then declared more explicitly, “ One of you shall betray me ;” “the hand of the traitor is with me on the table ;” and by certain express tokens he marked out Judas as the man, denouncing the most tremendous wo against him, though he should be the instrument of fulfilling the divine counsels. ‘An awful consternation seized the company, and every one, suspecting himself rather than Judas, cried out, “Lord, is it I?” But that monster of iniquity remained unaffected by the solemn warning. We might have supposed that he would have been deterred from his purpose: but he was the more enraged, and went out immediately, under a violent instigation of the devil, in the darkness of the night, to accomplish his infernal scheme. Our Lord then exulted in the prospect of those blessed consequences, which would result from the treachery of Judas, as the means of completing the nd work of redemptiont. He reminded his disci- that the hour was approaching when he himself should enter on a state of high exaltation, and bring _ * John xiii. 18—30. Mati. xxvi. 21—25. Mark xiv. 18—21. Lake xxii. 21—23. + John xiii. 31, &c. Luke xxii. 31—38. 336 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. ; glory to God in saving sinners by his death. Lool ing upon his dear followers with a tenderness ¢ affection, like an indulgent father upon his little chil dren, from whom he was on the point of being se rated, he pressed it upon them, as his dying reques that they would continue firmly and warmly attac to one another. This he enjoined as a new ! mand, not unknown, indeed, in former dispensations but now enforced by fresh motives, and by an ex- ample altogether singular in its kind: “ A new com= mandment I give unto you, that ye love one mee | as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.” His love to us, then, is to be the cause, the cies | and the pattern, of. our kindness and regard to all. the members of his church. He recommended, also, this reciprocal cordial affection, as the aoe proof of our union with him, and the most no able badge of our profession. If we understand the full import of our Lord’s dee claration, “I have loved you,” its influence will be irresistible. We shall not only abhor the treachery of Judas, but dread the thought of displeasing Him, who has shown such compassion and faveur toward us. Let us examine our religion on this ground: Do. we scrupulously avoid all those practices and tempers which he condemns, and endeavour to ex- press our gratitude by our diligence and fervour in his service? Do we cultivate that principle, on which he has laid such peculiar stress, unfeigned love to his people for his sake? How excellent would be the fruits of this disposition! What peace and hap- piness would it produce ; and how strongly would it recommend our system of faith! But we are all la- mentably defective in this grace. Do not our peevishi- ness, envy, and contention, our censoriousness, bigotry, and resentment, disgrace our profession, and betray our insincerity ? Surely it cannot now be said, as it was of the primitive church, “ See how these Christians love one another.” JESUS CHRIST. 837 Jesus had intimated his approaching departure ; ‘on which Peter, though admonished that he could not follow him for the present, declared his readiness ‘to attend him through all dangers, even to death itself. Alas! little do we know how we shall be able to stand in the hour of trial. The boasting Apostle was reproved, and informed that before the morning light his strong confidence should be so shaken, that he would deny in the most shameful manner all connexion and acquaintance with ‘his Lord and Master. That very night, he was told, would be a time of peculiar temptation, as Satan was desirous to practise his wiles upon them all. ‘He was assured that his principles would be severely _ assaulted, and his soul preserved from total apostacy only through the gracious intercession of the Sa¥iour. He was further charged to confirm the faith of his weak brethren, after his own recovery. Such was the solemn caution given to Peter: Jesus also subjoined an affecting address to the whole com- pany. He bade them prepare for a sore conilict, and arm themselves for the fight. They had been, till then, abundantly supplied with necessary pro- visions when they went out to preach the Gospel. But he reminded them that they would secon. be so entirely destitute as to stand in need of a purse fur- cnished with money, a scrip with food, and a sword for their defence. He informed them further, that, as all the ancient prophecies concerning him should be exactly fulfilled, so in particular, ‘agreeably to Isaiah’s declaration, he’ was about to be « numbered with the transgressors,” and to die as a malefactor *. Probably they misunderstood him, as if he wished them to resist their enemies with violence. He in- tended only to lead their minds to the expectation of 2 serere opposition ; and they ought to have known that “the weapons of their war fare were not carnal +.” * Tsa. hii. 12. + 2 Cor. x. 4. VOL. IV. GG 338 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. But, leaving for the present the case of the Apo: tles, let us remember gB or ourselves, that we also are required to “endure hardness as good soldiers Jesus Christ *.” Let us be solicitous to maintain his cause, which, as a sacred deposit intrusted to us must be kept at the hazard of our dearest tempor: interests. We should look for a fierce onset, and prepared to make a vigorous defence. But the car tions now before us will teach us not to co our own resolution and ability ;:for, if we confident, we shall, probably, fall like Titer oad an taste the bitter punishment of pride. Then “strong in the Lord, and.in the power of his might.” pr « Take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye. may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand t.” We see our calling ; we must follow the Saviour not to worldly honour and preferment, but to shame, contempt, and many secular disadvantages. Are we willing to hazard all consequences in his service? Let us boldly declare ourselves on his side, and en- treat him so to pray for us, while Satan is sifting us’ as wheat, that our faith may not fail. Let us attend him to the cross, and then we shall participate of his glory. Whatever dangers may threaten, or enemies assault us, may each of us be able to say, “ None of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto » myself so that I might finish my course with joy t!” Amen. * 2 Tim. ii. 3. + Eph. vi. 10, 13. + Acts xx. 24. o x © JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 37. Jesus, before he quitied the guest-chamber, exhorted and comforted his Apostles—represented himself as the true Vine—enforced obedience and mutual love —and predicted persecution. Tue solemn celebration of the last passover could not but make a deep impression on the minds of the disciples ; and the warnings then addressed to them probably excited much perplexity. Their beloved Master had declared that he should very soon be se- parated from them by the hand of violence, his death be accomplished through the treachery of one in their own company, and they themselves exposed to a severe assault both from men and Satan. The re- moval of their Lord, so justly dear to them, was in itself a distressing circumstance: and foreseeing fur- ther dangers and difficulties, when deprived of their Head, they felt increasing anguish, and were op- pressed with painful apprehensions. Jesus was sen- sibly affected for them, and, as it should seem, more solicitous on their account than his own. Before, therefore, they retired from the guest-chamber, he yenewed his exhortations, with a view to alleviate their sorrows, and inspire them with hope, con- fidence, and joy *. How tender and compassionate does the Saviour : appear, while instructing and comforting his mourn ing disciples, “ as a father does his children!” How exactly calculated to revive their spirits were the considerations here suggested! The benefit of these * John xiv. 1, &c. 340 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. his last solemn addresses was designed to reach like- wise even unto us. How many things do we mect | with which have a tendency to cause grief, con- fusion, and terror! Observing in what a world of sin and disorder we are placed, what calamities fre- quently occur in human life, and how depraved and ~ helpless we ourselves are, we shall, probably, be disposed to indulge a timorous and dejected frame of mind. What, then, is to be done? What can support and animate our souls, when dangers and distresses threaten us on every side? Let us hear the Saviour’s words, and learn to apply them to our own case. Thus he spoke :— Endeavour to lay aside your anxieties and fears, and show the excellence of your religious principles by your composure and courage. You must, ‘therefore, not only possess a due regard to God as the Maker, Preserver, and Governor of the world, but also fix your attention and reliance upon Me, as the Mediator, through whom alone you can entertain any solid hope of the divine favour, any just expectation of being safely conducted to the heavenly state. In that glorious abode, where my Father displays the lustre of his majesty, are sufficient’ accommodations for the whole church, numerous ‘as it is; and there you will not be disap- pointed of a peaceable habitation. If this had not been infallibly secure, I would not have encouraged or permitted you to look for it. I am going to that kingdom on your behalf, to prepare the way for your admission: and, as I shall enter upon the possession in your name, I will not be unmindful of you, but return for the express purpose of receiving you to my own immediate presence, that you may dwell for ever near me, in that blissful inheritance, where - even now I already am. After such clear declara- tions, you cannot mistake the place of which I speak, or the road which will lead you to it.” JESUS CHRIST. 341 Thomas, probably understanding him as intending’ to erect a temporal dominion in some particular spot, desired further information. Jesus replied, “ I my- self have opened an access for sinners unto God; in me the divine promises and engagements are sure and_ immutable ; through me eternal life is secured: nor can any one, whatever be his pleas or attainments, approach to the Father, but by means of my media~ tion. If, therefore, you had known my -character and offices, you could not have been ignorant of Him: but now I have revealed him to you, and in me you behold the express image of his person*.” Philip professed an ardent desire to be favoured with an outward manifestation of the Father's glory. On this our Lord reproved him for not having better understood the nature and dignity of the Master, with whom he had been so long conversant ; and then de- clared, “ In seeing me, you have in effect seen the Father. Do you not credit my solemn assertions, that Iam one with him? My words demand your regard, as proceeding from Him; but, if these be rejected, the miraculous operations which I perform by virtue of my uzion with Him prove incontestably the mysterious truth which I affirm.” Let us weigh the important doctrines here ad- vanced, The question proposed to Philip may fur- nish a reproof to each of us, “ Hast thou not known me?” Considering the information we have had, may we not justly be ashamed that we have -not better learned the principles of our religion? Have we properly understood who the Savieur is, and what®™. the purposes for which he came into the world? Have we beheld the glory of the Fathér so displayed in the person of the Son as to be convinced that their nature and perfections are the same? And is not this a firm foundation for our hopes, a source of strong consolation? For do we not now perceive that our * Heb. i. 3. GG 3S. 342 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. e of concerns may be safely intrusted in the hands Jesus? draw near to him in any other way? Who shall open the kingdom of heaven for us? Shall we plead — But have we indeed approached unto God, through the mediation of Christ? Or shall we presume to our own obedience; as if this would procure us admis= _ sion? The door would be barred against us; nor — can any entrance be obtained but through the sacri- — fice and intercession of Him, who has returned to those blissful mansions from which he came down. — He is gone to prepare a place, not for his Apostles only, but for all who believe in his name. You, therefore, who have fixed your whole dependence upon him, are encouraged to rejoice in his exalted dignity, and the certainty of final salvation. It is” your privilege, though you are now despised and- afflicted, to look forward with exultation “to an inheritance incorruptible and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you*.” For yet a little while, and He, in whom you trust, shall appear in his glory, and take you up with great triumph to his beatific presence, where you shall admire, and love, and praise Him for ever. The Saviour proceeded to comfort his disciples: « Distressed as you may be at my departure, I solemnly assure you that in consequence thereof you will obtain peculiar advantages. By virtue of my intercession, while you exercise a firm dependence upon me, you shall be enabled to perform miraculous . operations, equal or superior to those which I myself have wrought . Nor is this too much for you to * 1 Pet. i. 4. + The Apostles not only expelled demons, healed the sick, raised the dead, as Jesus had done, but dispensed spiritual gifts to immense numbers, spake various languages, which they had never learned, and preached the Gospel with a success amazingly'rapid and ex- tensive. These were, in some sense, more illustrious effects than attended the ministry of our Lord: and yet this consideration does JESUS CHRIST. 345 ‘expect: only present your supplications to God in faith, and, by the energy of my own power, I will bestow the blessings which you ask, that the glory of the Father may be displayed in the mediation of the Son.” We, also, may rejoice, that Jesus, who is gone into heaven, continues mindful of his church on earth, and is incessantly pouring down his benefits upon it. We should be thankful for those extraor- dinary communications vouchsafed to the Apostles, whereby the Gospel was first propagated, and con- firmed with unquestionable evidence. Let us like- wise be encouraged, by the prevalency of the inter- cession of our exalted High-Priest, to offer up our requests with humble boldness; for the promise reaches even unto us, “ If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.” Ah! why are we so back- ward to pray, as if we had no Advocate with the Father, or as if this Advocate had no merit to plead, _ possessed no influence, and could exert no power, on our behalf? Let us not so dishonour him, but crediting his declarations, let us surround the throne of grace with our importunate petitions, and spread our wants before him. He is able, and he is equally - willing, to supply all our necessities. It is probable that the Apostles expressed a pecu- liar warmth of affection for their dear Lord, who was about to be taken from them, and that with a refer- ence to their professions of regard he thus continued his discourse: “‘ Let your love appear in your uni- not weaken the argument for his divinity taken from his works, but rather strengthens it; for these very things were accomplished, as appears in the passage before us, by the power of the Saviour: and accordingly, the Apostles, in the miracles which they performed, confessed their dependence upon him, and ascribed the whole glory to him. They could not speak as he did, ‘‘ I say unto thee, Arise,’’ but ‘* In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk;”’ _ and again, \‘* Jesus Christ maketh thee whole.’’? Luke vii. 14. viii. 54. Acts iii. 6, ix. 34, ; uA. QA 344 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. form obedience to my injunetions; and, though I shall withdraw from you, I will entreat the Father ' that you may enjoy the consolations of his Spirit, and | that for ever. The men of the world, with such~ carnal sentiments and dispositions as predominate in— their minds, cannot admit this divine Visitant; but you are already acquainted with his influences, and shail receive more abundant communications from: him. I wall not, therefore, totally and finally desert you, but will return to you in the power of the Holy. Ghost. My bodily presence will be soon removed from the earth, but, through faith, you may still be- hold me ever near you; and as I am possessed of endless life, so, by virtue of your union with me, you - shall maintain a state of spiritual vigour, and be con- ducted to the everlasting felicities of heaven. That_ promised effusion of the Spirit will convince you more fully that I am joined not only to my Father, but to yourselves also, by an indissoluble bond. You must be reminded, however, that he only, who shows: a constaut desire and endeavour to perform whatever. I have commanded, is acknowledged to give a decisive proof of his regard. He is the person who shall ob-+ tain unequivocal marks of my Father’s favour, as-well as of my warmest attachment, and who, likewise, shall receive from me a clear discovery ef my glorious. character.” Judas, one of the twelve, but not the traitor, ex- pressed his astonishment that such a discovery should be designed for them, and not extended to the world at large. He inquired how it could be; when Jesus immediately resumed his affectionate address: “‘ The man who is influenced by a sincere love to me will: necessarily yield an unfeigned submission to my au- thority ; and, as he will be the object of my Father's complacency and delight, we will together visit him, and take up our residence within him. An enmity of heart, indeed, would lead to an entire rejection of my JESUS CHRIST. 345 words: but, as I declare the will of Jehovah, the (God of hosts, every contemptuous unbeliever will be left without excuse. Such are the instructions which I have delivered during my personal ministry among’ you. And now, though I am departing, the Holy ‘Ghost shall be sent to supply my place: he. shall give you a clear conception of divine truth, and re- lrevive in your memories every doctrine which you have heard from me. « Here, then, I take my leave, with a declaration ‘of mybest wishes for you. Peace, the most valuable blessing, I bequeath to you: peace, which I have procured by my blood, and which can be communi- cated only by my grace, I bestow upon you. This is what the world cannot impart: their professions ef good will are, in general, empty flatteries and compliments; they confer no real satisfaction, and are extremely changeable. Far different is my solemn benediction, which I pronounce in the sincerity of my heart, which carries an efficacy with it to pro- ‘mote yeur happiness, and which I will never revoke. On these grounds yeur fears may be dispersed, and your minds composed and comforted. “You will, therefore, receive the most ample be- nefits from my departure; and on my account, as well as your own, you may be glad at my removal, since I am quitting my present state of humiliation and distress, and returning to my Father, who is exalted in bliss and glory, far beyond what I possess in this life. I have warned you of the events which are about to take place, that you may not be staggered by them, but rather confirmed in the faith. I shall not have time to add much more ; for I am just en- tering upon a painful conflict with Satan, who has usurped the dominion of the world. But I dread not his malice, as there is nothing in my nature which can favour his assaults, or give him an advan- fage over me. I submit to this opposition, that I 346 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. may publicly testify my regard to the Father, and my readiness to fulfil all my engagements with him: anc now I hasten to do my last work upon earth.” And what do we learn from this affecting discourse! Does it not excite in us the most fervent love to the Saviour? Let us not forget that he requires obe- dience as the test of our love. Do we not perceiy the excellence and happiness of his service? Do not long for the manifestation of the divine favour,” which he proimises to his faithful people? Sure it ought to afford us the strongest consolation that Jesus, who was dead, is alive again, and that he is” gone into heaven, to carry on his designs of me for us. Nay, he is still ever present with his church and pledges himself for the security of every true believer. The light, and strength, and joy of his Spirit, are vouchsafed to all his sincere disciples, even to the end of time: the Comforter will “ abide with us for ever.” Let us plead with him these gra-_ cious declarations: let us implore that peace, which is his own most valuable legacy ; and request, that, since he hath overcome Satan, he would enable us to sustain the conflict, and bring us off “ more than conquerors,” to the praise of his great name. After the solemn address which we have considered’ our Lord proposed to retire; but, probably making a pause before he quitted the room, he renewed his exhortations to the Apostles. To show them the necessity of continual dependence on him, he repre-— | sented himself and his church under the similitude of a vine, planted and cultivated by a wise and care- ful husbandman *. He is the root and stock of the tree, and his professing people are its branches. Some, which are beautifully adorned with leaves, produce no fruit. These are cut off, and consigned to the flames, as fit only to be used for fuel. ‘Such is the state and character of merely nominal Chris- * John xv. 1, &e. JESUS CHRIST. 347 s, and such will be their final destruction. They members of the visible church ; their appearances fair and promising, but their barrenness witnesses legainst them ; and therefore they are “nigh unto cursing, whose end is to be burned *.” _ There are, however, branches of another sort, truly excellent and valuable, which, in consequence of nourishment derived from the root, bear a large increase. Such, cur Lord testified, were all the Apostles, after Tudes had withdrawa from the com- bith ¢ Such, likewise, are all true believers: by ith they are joined to the Saviour, and from that union they receive an influence, which renders them, though in different degrees, “ fruitful in every good work. = To Him, therefore, all their ik caainaaricseifs and usefulness are ascribed: left to themselves, or separated from him, they are no more productive of good than the branches of the vine-when cut off from the stock. But, whilst they maintain a con- stant regard to Jesus, they preserve their spiritual life, and make advancement in holiness. Yet even these valuable branches stand in need of being pruned; for, unless the luxuriant parts be taken off, the fruit will degenerate. For this very purpose, therefore, the care of the husbandman is exercised. O, what sharp operations does it require to lop off those excrescences, which shoot forth even from eminent believers! The Lord, who loves them, will not spare them, but appoint the heaviest aiilictions, with no other design than to render them more pure, and, of consequence, more honourable and useful members of his church. Do we perceive our own character exhibited in this parable? Have we any thing more than an external profession of Christianity? Are we “ filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ unto the glory and praise of Godt?” Or * Heb. vi. 3, + Phil. i 11. 348 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. how do we expect to do geod? Is there any other way than through a vital union with the Saviour?) No: he himself declared our utter inability when he| said, “ Without me ye can do nothing.” Let us con- fess our weakness, and implore his help. May he) attach our hearts to himself, and communicate such | supplies of grace as may enable us to adorn our holy calling! Be it our concern to maintain our faith, and cultivate an intercourse with him day by day. Yet, even then, severe trials may be necessary for us. Let us not shrink from them, but pray only that they may accomplish in us the desired effects. How blessed will be the consequences of such an adherence to Christ! We shall be emboldened to approach him with confidence; for he has engaged to answer our petitions. By our consistent and ho- nourable deportment the God whom we serve will be glorified, since it will appear from us not only that he is “rich in mercy,” but that he “ loveth righteousness.” This also will contribute essentially to cur own comfort, as affording the strongest evi- dence that we are the disciples of Jesus. i Our Lord, therefore, earnestly pressed upon his’ Apostles such a practical regard to duty: “As I am the object of my Father’s complacency and delight, so do I feel the most affectionate attachment to you. It should be your aim and endeavour to walk in a” state of holy intimacy with me; which can be ef- fected only by your ready compliance with all my injunctions, even as I have yielded a constant and universal obedience to the injunctions of my Father. In these exhortations Iam the more urgent, that I may receive continual satisfaction from you, and that your happiness in me may be completed. «One commandment, in particular, I again en- force upon you; which is that you bear the most fervent love one towards another. In this you have only to imitate that kindness which I have shown JESUS CHRIST. 349) ‘to you. No higher instance of benevolence can be produced than a man’s offering up himself to die on behalf of his friends. As my friends I shall regard you while you pay a due deference to my authority, and obey my precepts. I treat you not as inferior domestics, who are to be kept at a distance, but as the partners of my counsels, to whom I-have com- municated whatever I have reccived in charge from my Father. ‘To this honourable situation you have been called, not by your previous choice of me; but by my free and sovereign mercy towards you: and I have appointed you to your sacred function, that you may be extensively useful, and that the benefits of your ministry may reach through many generations. Such also are my gracious engagements with you, that you may expect an answer to your largest peti- tionsin my name. I require only that you show your gratitude and obedience by maintaining a mutual and. ardent affection for one another.” And is it of no concern to us what the Saviour pressed upon his Apostles? Were they strictly en- joined to continue in the love of their Master; and are we at liberty to neglect and despise him? Should not his unparalleled kindness in dying for us, as well as for them, excite us to admire, and praise, and serve him? We had deserved the divine indignation and wrath: but, by virtue of his oblation, we may now be admitted to the most honourable privileges. We also, like the Apostles, are received into a state of holy friendship with our Lord, if, indeed, we be- lieve in his name; and to us he cendescends to make known the mysteries of his kingdom. Surely we shall not hesitate to say, The Lord hath done it, not for our righteousness, but of his own abundant grace. Yet we should remember that the end of our election and separation from the world is, that we may pro- duce the fruits of righteousness. Is this our aim and desire? To instance in the particular duty so VOL. LV. HH \ “than your great Master did. Persecutions will be ' < 850 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. much insisted on, do we possess and cultivate brotherly | love? If otherwise, where is our religion; where our | knowledge and imitation of Christ? Can it be al- lowable for us, any more than for the first Christians, to “bite and devour one another?” You, therefore,’ who “ have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth*,” for you) are strangers to the power of the Gospel. Jesus proceeded in his exhortation to his Apostles, 7 that he might prepare them for the opposition which awaited them: “ However unexceptionable and be- nevolent your spirit and conduct may be, you need not wonder if you be marked out as objects of ge-— neral detestation, since you have seen me treated in the same teanner. If, indeed, you were conformed to the principles and practices of the world, you might conciliate their favour; but, as you differ from them so widely, in consequence of your being separated by my grace, you will excite their disgust. Still you should not complain, but be satisfied when you recollect that you meet with no worse reception raised against you on my account, through an igno- rance of God and of his Christ. Be not tempted to comply with your enemies, or envy them their triumph; for their case is deplorably wretched. As I have so_ long preached amongst them, and confirmed my doc~ — trines with unparalleled miracles, they can set up no plea in their own defence. For now it appears, that, in rejecting me, they resist the God of heaven, who~ hath borne his testimony tome. Yet, even by this unreasonable and base opposition, they fulfil their ~ own Scriptures, which have foretold it T.” a «« My cause, however, shall prosper, notwithstand~ — ing the violence of adyersaries. The abundant effu- sion of the Spirit, whom I will send,down from the Father, upon my return to him, shall afford the most — * James iii, 14. + Psal. XXKY. 19, JESUS CHRIST. ; 351 convincing evidence of the truth of the Gospel. You also, my chosen witnesses, whom I have trained up for the ministry, shall be so strengthened and em- boldened to preach the faith, that your enemies will be confounded, and multitudes of converts added to my church.” What inference, then, do we draw from this part of the exhortation? If the religion of Jesus be the ‘same as in primitive times, may not similar conse- quences be expected ? The external profession, in-< deed, as it is general among us, exposes no man to contempt ; but the life and 7 power of it would still render us unfashionable, and offensive to these who are governed by the maxims and customs of the world. This is not to be avoided even by the most prudent and exemplary Christians. The zealous followers of Jesus will be hated, in a measure, as he was, and for that very reason, Bem they resemble Him. Does this discourage us? Or do we com- plain of the terms? Are we, thin, inclined to join the society of those who scoff at all serious attention to spiritual things, or, at least, who care not for them? Let us deliberate well. What will the issue be? Would not such a conduct imply a decided op- position to the Saviour? And, considering the in- structions and admonitions given us, would not our sin be unpardonable? Let us rather, therefore, meet the frowns of men, than provoke the vengeance of Almighty God. % ' The promulgation of the Gospel, through the effu- ‘sion of the Holy Ghost and the labours of the Apo- stles, has been answerable to the prediction. But are we ourselves brought under its influence? Every true disciple, even now,-will be able to bear witness for Christ: what, then, is our testimony concerning him? Can we tell of his power, faithfulness, and love, from our own experience, and recommend his service to all, from what we have known of its blessedness ? 352 SCRIPTUBE CHARACTERS. Attestations of this nature, from private and obscur Christians, might have the happiest effects in silen ing the objections of infidels, and reconciling many t . the principles which they despise. May Jesus, o exalted Lord, send down a more abundant measure of his Spirit upon us, that his cause may be revived, his church enlarged, and his people animated with increasing confidence and joy in his ways, to the glory of his own name here and hereafter to all eternity! Amen! JESUS CHRIST. SECT. 38. | Jesus concluded his address to his Apostles * with a pre= diction of their sufferings, a promise of the Spirit, and an assurance of his own return—offired up a@ fervent prayer for himself, his ripen and all believers. Wie ny ER the Saviour felt on his own enone in the view of his approaching sufferings, he was most deeply affected, as we have seen, for the distressed state in which he was about to leave his beloved F Apostles. The paschal supper, of which they had been partakers together, was the last meal in which they were to enjoy the communion of the same table before his death, and afforded the last opportunity for exhortation and counsel. A farewell at the moment of final Separation is always attended, where the bonds of union in life have been dear and sacred, with peculiar circumstances of solemnity, tenderness, and grief. It was now that the love of the Saviour broke forth, resembling that which a parent expresses for his children, who are soon to be exposed as helpless orpkans to extreme calamities and dangers. He proceeded, like such a counsellor, to eeernct: warn, and comfort them *. “] have given you, my faithful followers, previous intimations of the formidable opposition. which you will have to encounter, in order that, being prepared, you may not be shaken in your minds, or induced to desert my cause, when you enter upon the sharp con- flict. Your enemies will persecute you with a rage * John xvi. 1, Ke. 2 HHo 354 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. so blind and furious, that, while they excommuni- cate you, and even put you to death, they will con sider themselves as performing a religious service, and bringing glory to God. This will arise from their ignorance of the righteous character of m Father, as well as of my peculiar office and dignity. In your deep distresses you will recollect my pre- dictions, and find in them a confirmation of yo faith. It was the less necessary to give you the notices before, as I have hitherto been your constant companion, ready to suggest all proper counsel an direction, as circumstances occurred.” Such was the prophecy of Jesus, and we lear from the history of the Apostles that it was exactly verified. They who ought to have been receive ‘as an angel of God” met with general scorn and de- testation, as if they were unworthy to live; an many of them suffered death in its most dread forms, while their persecutors pleaded a regard t conscience and religion. We read of similar even in other ages of the church ; and at the present day. though violence is restrained, and loud profession of candour and liberality are made, it is obvious tha’ fervent zeal for the honour of our Redeemer woul expose us to contempt. And do not many among us, through the fear of difficulties, decline those piou exertions, which we acknowledge to be requisite ? Or, if we “suffer for righteousness’ sake,” are w not offended, and almost induced to desert the ser= vice? Have we, then, forgotten the declarations o' Jesus? Or have they not taught us to expect the enmity of the world, if we would be the friends o God? If real godliness produced no opposition, how would the Scriptures be fulfilled ? But matter of fact — abundantly confirms their truth, and should establish_ us in the belief and love of the Gospel. The Apostles were too much oppressed by the in- timations of their Lord’s departure to propose any JESUS CHRIST. 355 further inquiries upon the subject. But he proceeded to suggest such considerations as might relieve and comfort them. “However painful my removal may be to you, it is highly requisite on your own ac- | count ; for you could not otherwise obtain the in- fluences of the Holy Ghost. But now, in conse- | quence of my death, this divine Agent shall descend upon you, and give an amazing efficacy to your mi- nistrations. By his mighty operations the world will be convinced of the guilt which consists in unbelief | and rejection of me. He will teach men the nature and sufficiency of my righteousness, from my return to my Father at the completion of my work, and in the overthrow and dethronement of Satan exhibit a proof of the judgment with which I am in- trusted. “Many things yet remain to be more clearly un- folded to you; but for the present, through the erro- neous sentiments and strong prejudices which possess your minds, you are indisposed to receive them. The Spirit, who will be your Guide and Teacher, _ will effectually dispel the darkness from your minds, . and reveal the whole system of divine truth: and his declarations should be regarded as coming with authority from Heaven. He will discover future events ; but his peculiar office will be to give you clearer and more honourable conceptions of my cha-~ .racter and salvation, by exhibiting to your view those glorious perfections, which I possess in the same extent as the Father.” Here let us pause, and contemplate the Saviour’s promises, from which we may derive the strongest consolation. However we may be inclined to lament his removal from the earth, we may rejoice in those inestimable benefits which his death has procured. In particular, the influences of the Spirit are be- stowed upon the church, as the fruit and purchase of his sacrifice. It is allowed that these influences 356 _ SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. were communicated to the Apostles in an extrao dinary measure, and the peculiar circumstances 6 their situation rendered them expedient. But th Spirit yet continues to execute his office by his com- mon operations, according to our Lord’s description. He it is who arrests the careless sinner, and fixe upon him a deep conviction of guilt, especially for his contempt of the grace of the Gospel.” He gives the knowledge of salvation, by exhibiting to the view of the mind the perfect chedience of Christ. And he also directs the attention tothe same exalted Per- sonage, in the character of the Almighty Governor and universal Judge. May these effects accompany ~ the labours of faithful ministers in the present day! For thus only “the word of God-is quick and powerful, and sharper than any two-edged sword * :” thus only will it “have free course, and be glo- rified +.” It was promised to the Apostles that their igno- rance and prejudice should be removed by further degrees of illumination, particularly by larger dis- coveries of the dignity of the Redeemer, and of the blessings which he bestows. We also-stand in need of, and are encouraged to solicit and expect, the q same gracious assistance. Have we no mistakes to be corrected, no wrong affections to be subdued ? Let us pray that the Holy Ghost, who is the Author of all spiritual light and life, may “ guide us into all truth.” We look not for infallibility, or the gift of prophecy : but we may offer up the most fervent supplications, « That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give unto us the Spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him: the eyes of our understanding being enlightened ; that we may know what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints t.” * Heb. iv. 12. + 2 Thess ii, 1, $ Ephi. 17, 18. :. ye JESUS CHRIST. 357 Upon our Lord’s intimating to his Apostles that he thould soon depart and go to the Father, and return fer a short interval, they were at a loss to com- ehend his meaning. He declared, therefore, more Pxplicitly, that though distress and anguish were coming upon them, sharp as the pangs of childbirth, yet as these are succeeded by sensations of peculiar elight after a safe delivery, so their grief should be bliowed by a state of lasting joy, inasmuch as he would visit them again. Doubtless he intended to suggest, that by his appearance, upon his resurrec- tion from the dead, he would disperse their fears, establish their hopes and comforts, and render them Jauntless under future trials. Yet it is probable hat he had a reference to his final advent, when all his people shall behold his glory. Then, in the highest sense of the words, they shall meet him with songs, and everlasting joy upon their heads: ‘they shall obtain joy and gladness; and sorrow and sighing shall flee away*.” What strong consolation does this administer to believers! Under your se- verest calamities look forwards to your Lord’s return with holy exultation, for “He shall wipe away all tears from your eyes f.” If he should thus intimate his intention, “ Surely, I come quickly ;” it is your privilege to reply, “Amen: even so come, Lord Jesus {.” The Saviour reminded his Apostles, that, though his bodily presence should be withdrawn from them, they should be so much more enlightened as not to stand in need of the same familiar converse with him. Some degree of obscurity rested upon his instructious during his personal continuance among them; but he promised to give them by his Spirit the most explicit declarations of the divine will. He pressed upon them the necessity of prayer, and taught them especially to maintain an entire dependence upon his * Isa. xxxv. 10. + Rev. vii. 17. = xxii. 20. 358 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. merits and mediation, in all their addresses to th Father, which they had not till that time been i structed to do in so express a manner. He adde likewise, the most gracious assurances, that their pt titions, being offered up through faith in his nam would certainly obtain a favourable acceptance, and ensure the completion of their wishes. This efficaéy he taught them to ascribe, not only to his intercess sion, but to the strong affection which the Father himself bore towards them for their warm and faith ful attachment to him. He repeated it, therefore, for their encouragement, that he was then about return to that high and glorious Personage, whose love for them was the same as his own. The clear and precious discoveries, which the Sa viour promised, the Apostles actually received ; ani we, at this very day, enjoy the benefits of their ill mination. Let us value those authentic records, ij which they have unfolded to our view the revelation of divine truth, so wonderfully communicated t them. But let us not forget our need of prayer, an the great advantages attending the right performance of this duty. We, also, are allowed a free access God in the name of Jesus. Are we making use 6 the privilege? Are we imploring spiritual blessin with all that fervour which a ful] conviction of thei value would produce? Do we exercise an unfelguel reliance upon out exalted Intercessor? And car ave, through him, approach to God, as to a loving Father, with confidence and joy? This is the tempei and conduct to which a firm belief of the Gospel wil infallibly lead. After these declarations of Jesus, the Apostles pro: fessed to have received entire satisfaction, and ar assured persuasion of his high character and divine original. But, alas! they were not sufficiently aware of their own weakness. He warned them, that strong as their faith might seem, the hour was a JESUS CHRIST. 359 and when they would all be so shaken in their inciples as to desert him; yet, notwithstanding eir treachery, he rejoiced that he should be sup- horted by virtue of his union with the Father. It is hot wrong to declare what are our views of Christ, nd what affections we feel towards him; but the lolemn admonition here given teaches us not to boast f the clearness of our knowledge, or the warmth of attachment. We may soon be brought into such rials as may stagger and confound us, and, for a season at least, be ““moved away from the hope of the Gospel,” as if we had found the whole system a delusion. It will be our wisdom, as well as duty, under a diifidence of ourselves, to rely upon the grace of God, which alone can preserve us, and to pray, “ Uphold me according unto thy word, that ‘I may live; and let me not be ashamed of my i __ Yet we admire the forbearance and tenderness of a even in the view of their inconstancy. - He did not frown upon them, but encouraged them by an assurance, that, through faith in his name, they should still possess a constant source of peace, and an antidote to the cup of tribulation, which the srorld would soon give them to drink. And, while he warned them to look for severe opposition and sharp distress from its assaults, he closed his address with exhorting them to maintain a holy cheerfulness and courage, in full dependence upon Him their vic- torious Leader. It is the will of Jesus, then, that his fainting people should be comferted ; and even that those, who have betrayed an unsteadiness in his service, should not despond, but be induced. to re- turn, and trust in his love. O, how large are his ompassions ! We ask, What are your expectations of happiness? Are you seeking it in present things? Alas! you * Peal. cxix. 116. 360 SCRIPTURE CUARACTERS. ~ will be miserably disappointed: Jesus alone can stow the precious treasure, nor will you ever obta it till you be willing to receive it at his hands. cannot enjoy his favour and that of the world gether. If you follow him with fidelity and ze you must prepare to meet resistance, and arm yo selves for a severe conflict. He, however, who you serve, has already overcome your enemies ; am you may rejoice in this confidence, that they sha be subdued under your feet, because they are fall under His. QO, desert not his standard, and shall soon share in the honours of his triumph, am sit down with him in his kingdom ! He had concluded his farewell address to hi beloved attendants, and was now on the point ¢ departing. But, that no proof might be wanting his paternal regards, and nothing omitted which cou] sooth the pangs of separation, he lifted up his eye to heaven, and with fervent intercessions commende: to God the Father his adopted children*. Johr who was then present, has recorded the prayer; ar it remains an everlasting monument of the strong an invariable attachment of Christ to his church, an ensures the providence which shall save it from th malice of men and devils. It was also adapted to hit own peculiar circumstances, who had but a fey hours more to live in the world: and his conduct on that occasion teaches us to wait for our great changé in the exercise of ardent devotion. It appears, in deed, as we have observed, to have been dictated b a tender regard to the situation of his Apostles, who; perplexed and tempted as they were, stood in need of all that protection, support, and comfort, whiclt he solicited his Father to grant them. The prayer however, may likewise be considered as a pattern of that prevailing intercession which he carries on in heaven, and which he will continue to offer to the * John xvii. 1, &e. | JESUS CHRIST. 361 end of time, for the benefit of every member of his church. There are those who represent it as inconsistent with the doctrine of his Godhead that he should ever be a supplicant. But they seem willing to forget that part of the Christian’s creed, which maintains that Jesus was very man as well as very God ; that as man he was required to “fulfil all righteousness,” and therefore among other duties to perform that of prayer. Besides, in that state of humiliation, being a partaker of our weaknesses, he had occasion to im- plore assistance from above, even as we ourselves; and he received that assistance in answer to his own _ petitions. Yet in his remarkable address to Heaven, which we now proceed to consider, he discovers a superior dignity. The language is such as a mere man cannot adopt; it will not suit any other than Him, who is our IMMANUEL, possessed of two natures, “ God manifest in the flesh.” He began with a request for himself. He could not be unmindful of his own situation, with which such important events were connected. As he was about to close his work on earth, it was his earnest desire to be so supported, that the conclusion might be truly honourable. The grand decisive hour was at hand, on which the whole of his mediatorial undertaking depended; anxious, therefore, for the glory of God and the salvation of his people, he prayed that he might be sustained in the confict, and crowned with victory. This he solicited and obtained. A divine power attended him in his deepest humiliation ; an angel appeared to strengthen him in the garden; his enemies were struck to the ground ; his very judge testified his innocence ; the conyersion of a dying sinner gave a lustre to his cross ; the heavens were darkened, the earth shook, the vail of the temple was rent, and the graves opened, in answer to this request, that the dignity of VOL. IY. EI 362 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. the Saviour might be attested. Doubtless he had a view likewise to those subsequent events, his resur- rection and ascension, the miraculous effusion of the Spirit, and the efficacious influence of the Gospel; and these also have signally displayed his high ch racter. . “em He considered himself in possession of universal dominion, to be exercised with an especial regard to the salvation of his people, according to the divine’ covenant. To this end it was necessary for them - to be’ brought to the knowledge of the true God, and of the scheme of redemption through the Sen. Having invariably pursued the great plan intrusted — to him, and being about to perfect his engage- ments by the sacrifice of himself, he petitioned that he might again be admitted to participate of all that splendour of Deity, which he had enjoyed from everlasting in union with the Father, and of which he had divested himself that he might take up his abode upon earth—He is now returned to that exalted state from which he descended ; and surely, © according to this description, it is meet that we adore him as our Lord and our God. A mere crea- — ture, or one raised to be God, as some vaiuly talk, could not speak thus; since, whatever glory he now — possesses in heaven, he did»possess before there was ~ any creation. The doctrine is mysterious, but we rejoice in it, as laying a firm foundation for our faith and hope. In this address of Jesus to his Father, he bore — upon his heart the case of his dear followers, and — especially of his chosen Apostles. He appears, in- . deed, to have been more solicitous for them than for - himself; so that, even in the mention of his own concerns, he had a view to their benefit. His dis- ciples were his peculiar charge ; they had been com- mitted to him by express covenant ; he'had gradu- ally trained them up for his service, and faithfully JESUS CHRIST. 363 instructed them in the divine will. They, on their part, had believed his declarations, understood his character, and steadfastly attached themselves to his cause. This he represented, while he interceded for them, exclusively of others who knew him not. He pleaded that they were the objects of his Father’s peculiar choice and love, as well as of hisown. He argued that in this respect there could be no differ- ence between Him and the Father, and that, as they possessed the same perfections, their counsels must accord, and the same persons be equally dear to them both. Being therefore about to depart, he solemnly commended his favoured attendants to the care of |. his God, and prayed, that, for the honour of his name, they might be preserved from the snares to which they were exposed, and be knit together by an indissoluble union of affection. He had watched over them during his residence among them, and had kept them in the faith; so that Judas only had apostatized, according to the predictions of the Scripture. And now, upon re- turning to his Father, he offered up these petitions in their presence, that their happiness in him might be confirmed and completed. He observed, that, as they had received his doctrine, and, like him, dif- fered so widely in conduct and spirit from the world, they were generally rejected with abhorrence, and no other treatment could be looked for. He was not solicitous that they should be immediately taken to heaven, merely to avoid the violence of perse= cution: he knew that it was expedient for them to remain longer upon earth; but he prayed most fervently that they- might not be overcome by temptation, or betrayed into cishonourable conduct. He requested, that, while they separated from sin- ners, they might be continually advancing in real holiness, through the powerful energy of divine truth upon their minds. For this purpose he pleaded 364 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. the importance of their office, as they were his am-— bassadors, appointed to promote the grand object of — his own mission: and he expressed his desire, that, ; as he devoted himself to his work with a view to their © spiritual good, they might receive more abundant grace, and feel the sanctifying influence of that _ Gospel which they were about to preach. teal What do we learn from all this? Among other « things, we cannot but remark the earnest con- | cern of Jesus for the interest of true religion. These his dear servants, so commissioned, obtained a peculiar honour; and to the prevalency of this intercession, not to any natural excellence or supe-~ riority in them, we must ascribe their ardent zeal, their unshaken confidence, their exemplary holiness, and amazing success. Let their history, from the day of Pentecost, testify how fully his prayers were answered. We rejoice that he still sends out mini- sters for the enlargement and edification of his church, that he is solicitous to preserve and bless them by his grace, and gives efficacy to their labours. They should seriously contemplate the character of the Apostles, as here stated by their Lord, that they may judge what manner of persons they themselves ought to be. It is expedient for them, doubtless, as it was for the Apostles, to be cordially attached to the Saviour, and to possess an eminent measure of divine knowledge, faith, and holiness; and it is equally necessary to pray that they may be kept from the evil of the world, united together in love, and sanctified through the truth, which they preach. Let them, therefore, commend their cause to Jesus, who, as their Advocate in heaven, will plead for them, and they shall receive sufficient grace as the fruit of his mediation. F But private Christians, as well as ministers, may derive encouragement from this solemn intercession of Jesus. They are all dear to him; nor can he ever JESUS CHRIST. 365 bé unmindful of their interests. Accordingly, he extended his petitions in behalf of all those, who, in every age and country, should be induced by the doctrine of the Apostles to place their unfeigned reliance upon Him. How important to each of us is this declaration! We are favoured with an au- thentic account of those truths which the Apostles taught ; but have we been so influenced by their word as to believe in the Saviour? If it appear that we possess this faith, then we may conclude that he pleaded for us, and that “he offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying” on our behalf. Let us carefully remark the blessings which he has implored, and expect to receive them. He prayed that all his people might be joined together as one body, partaking of the same Spirit, and dwelling in the ‘Father and the Son, by a divinet _and mysterious union, even resembling that which subsists between the Persons of the Godhead. «This request he urged with peculiar earnestness, observing that he bestowed his grace upon them’ with a view to that very end, and that their close and affectionate attachment to each other would afford a strong evi- dence to the world of the truth of his mission, and of the love of God towards them. Are we aware of the importance of maintaining this Christian con- cord? And do we carefully avoid whatever may prevent or interrupt it? Are peace and harmony among the different members of the church the most forcible recommendation of our ‘religion? Alas! how much cause we have to lament that it is ex- posed to the scorn of infidels by the bitter conten- tions which have so generally prevailed! Or, how can it appear that we are the objects of the divine complacency, while we are malicious and vindictive ? QO, may the Saviour impart to us a more abundant measure of his Spirit, and thereby unite us to him- self, and to each other, in the bonds of love, to the 1I3 366 SCRIPTURE CUARACTERS. praise of his own grace, and our unspeakable con- | solation ! . | Jesus looked forward to the eternal world, and | prayed not only for the credit of religion, and the | happiness of his people in this life, but for the con- | summation of their bliss and glory in his immediate — presence for ever. This he claimed rather than re- | quested, even demanding their final salvation on the | ground of the Father’s engagements, and everlasting | delight in him. Let us contemplate, with admira- tion, gratitude, and joy, the declaration of our Re- deemer’s will, as here expressed. It may justly inspire us with hope and confidence. If we. are believers indeed, we shall behold his glory; for that state of exaltation has been prepared for us from the foundation of the world. Such is his counsel of mercy, which shall not be frustrated. Jesus closed the solemn intercession by commend- ing to the care of the Father his chosen Apostles, as distinguished from others by their. knowledge of his truth ; expressing at the same time an earnest desire that they might continue to be favoured with an abiding sense of the love of God, and engaging him- self to take up his residence within them.—Through the whole of this scene the Redeemer is exhibited in the most endearing light ; and, from the view of his _compassion and faithfulness, we may be emboldened to trust ourselves under his care. He is, “ the same yesterday, and to-day, and for ever*.” He, who was so solicitous for the perseverance and happiness of his ancient disciples, will not forget or neglect the least and meanest of his servants in the present day. To all of them, without exception, he has said, “ I ' will never leave thee, nor forsake theet.” Let us rejoice in the fulness of his grace, and long for the promised vision of his glory. gs But does the benefit of this intercession extend to * Heb. xiii 8. $ xiii. 5, JESUS CHRIST. 367 every reader? If carnal affections predominate in your hearts, and you feel no cordial attachment to the Saviour, you have “ neither part nor lot in this matter.” He said, “ I pray not for the world:” and does not that iahinchion exclude you, remaining as you are? What, then, will you do without his favour? Whatever ‘temporal advantages you may now possess, you cannot inherit his kingdom ; but, if you die in unbelief, you will be driven away with shame and everlasting contempt. As yet, however, he waits to be gracious, and commands the word of salvation to be preached. ‘“ Wherefore, as the Holy Ghost saith, To-day if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts *.” * Heb. iii. 7, 8 368 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS JESUS CHRIST. ° ‘| SECT. 29? , 4 | Jests retired to Gcthsemane—warned his disciples suffered an extreme agony—was betrayed by Judas, _ forsaken by the other Apostles—examined before the” high-priests, condemmed, and insulted. P| Aut the preceding circumstances in the lite of © Jesus have been preparatory, and are to be regarded as subservient to that important event which we | proceed to consider. He came into the world, not | merely to teach or exhibit an example of righteous- ness, but chiefly to suffer. Now the sharp conflict ; commences, now the tremendous scene is unfolded to our view. This is not a subject for amusement, — or curious speculation: it calls for the vigorous exer- cise of holy and devout affections. While we con- template the Son of God, bowed down under his accumulated trials, let us learn what our sins re- quired, and what a debt of gratitude we owe. O © blessed Jesus, who didst stoop so low, and endure so much for our salvation, help us to conceive, as we ought, of our own guilt and wretchedness, and the condescensions of thy love! Communicate to us the inestimable benefits which thou hast procured: “ By thine agony and bloody sweat, by thy cross and passion,—Good Lord, deliver us *.” Jesus, having left the cuest-chamber, Seated from the city w vith his eleven Apostles towards the mount of Olives +. Upon’the road thither he warned them, that, notwithstanding their professions of regard, they would ‘all deseet, him in the hour of his . itany. + Matt. xxvi. 31—56. Mark xiv. 27—52. Luke xxii, 39—53. John xviii. 1—12. | - JESUS CHRIST. 569 xtremity. According to an ancient prediction, the hepherd being smitten, the sheep should be scat- tered abroad*. Still anxious for their encourage- ment, he assured them, that, though he should be put to death, he would rise again: instead of up- braiding their cowardice and unbelief, he promised to meet them after that event, and appointed a particular place in Galilee, where he would receive them, and confirm their faith and love. Behold how gracious the Lord is to his wavering and back- ‘sliding people! “ Though they fall, they shall not be utterly cast down; for the Lord upholdeth them with his hand +.” . Not sufficiently aware of their own weakness, they could not credit the declaration of their dear Master, and therefore solemnly protested that they would hazard every thing, even life itself, in a fixed and resolute adherence to Him. Peter, in particular, expressed the strongest abhorrence of the deed: but Jesus, who “ understandeth our thoughts afar off,” told him, in reply, that that very night would witness the shaking of his confidence, his repeated perjuries, and his disgraceful denial of his Master. How often _ are we reminded of human depravity! By numerous instances we are instructed to take heed to ourselves, to distrust our hearts, and seek for a better security from spiritual declension than a reliance on our own firmness and constancy. : Jesus arrived at his intended place of retirement, a garden called Gethsemane, where he had been accus- tomed to retreat, and had frequently passed the night in devotion. Here, probably, by prayer and medita- tion, he meant to prepare for the approaching suffer- ings, of which he had a full view. When we look for uncommon difficulties, we ought to be, in a more especial manner, frequent and fervent in our applica- tions to: the throne of grace. If we thus meet our * Zech. xiii. 7. ¢ Psal. xxxvii. 24. 370 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. troubles, we may expect to receive all needful suppor and consolation. ‘ Out of the eleven who then attended him our Lo: selected three, Peter, James, and John. They h been favoured witha sight of his glorious transfi tion, and were now designed to be witnesses of hi deep distress. With them, therefore, he retired to'a separate part, and immediately began to feel an inex pressible anguish and terror. Very remarkable are the words of the Evangelists, when they attempt to describe the painful sensations which then came upon him through an invisible influence. They imply, says the learned Bishop Pearson, that he was “ sud= denly, upon a present and immediate apprehension, possessed with fear, horror, and amazement, encom< passed with griéf, and overwhelmed with sorrow, pressed down with consternation and dejection of mind, tormented with anxiety and disquietude of spirit *.” Probably he discovered inward perplexity and con- fusion by his countenance. He declared to his three chosen companions that his soul was beyond measure afflicted, and, as it were, surrounded with the very pains of death ;.and desired that pe would continue with him in holy watchfulness, an pray for them- selves, that they ‘might not be brought into the pe- rilous conflict. “He then withdrew to a little distance, that, being quite alone, he might pour out his heart — with the greater freedom before God. He kneeled down; he fell upon his face, and requested, that, if it were possible, the extreme distress, by which he was oppressed, might be removed or shortened. He cried out with expressions of sharpest anguish, and yet of unfeigned submission, “ O my Father, if thus thine honour can be secured, and the salvation of thy people accomplished, let the bitter cup, from which my nature shrinks, be taken from me. But I resign my-= * Pearson on the Creed, p. 190. ie : JESUS CHRIST. 371 lf to thy wise and sovereign will: I decline not the fork in which I am engaged ; and, therefore, let thy purposes be fulfilled, whatever I may suffer.” [ When he had prayed to this effect, he returned to lis three disciples, whom he found asleep. Ah! how nmindful they were of their Lord's affliction, and of. he solemn charge which he had given them! Imme- liately he roused them with a serious, though gentle, Idmonition, upbraiding them all, and Peter more ispecially, for their unwillingness to bear their part vith him in holy vigilance, even for so short. a season. He likewise repeated his former injunction, that they should be upon their guard, consider their danger, and y fervent supplications draw down strength from Heaven against the hour of severe trial. Do we ask Why they betrayed such a backwardness to this ne- pessary duty? The compassionate Jesus accounted for it, though the reason does not furnish an excuse ? * The spirit truly is willing, but the flesh is weak.” his clearly showed the tenderness of his disposition owards them, He uttered no peevish complaints of heir unkindness, but acknowledged their cordial at- tachment, and lamentéd that their good desires were ybstructed by the weariness of their bodies, and the orruption of their nature. A second time he withdrew, and offered up similar jetitions. He declared again his entire submission to he Father’s will, and perfect acquiescence with that ery appointment, at which the weakness of humanity shuddered. On returning to his disciples, he found _ hem once more overpowered with sleep. This trange stupor called forth a fresh rebuke, which so onfounded them, that they had nothing to reply; ret. they were not awakened to any lasting atten- ion. Let us be ashamed of our own hardness and nsensibility to the agonies which purchased our edemption. The Saviour retired a third time, and prayed as be- ore. On that occasion, it sheuld seem, he was just | 372 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. sinking under the weight of his distress, when an ange from heaven was commissioned to administer suppor and consolation. Was the struggle, then, immediate concluded? No: his consternation remained, perhap; increased: being in an agony, engaged as it were’ sharp conflict, he cried to God with still greater ar dour. Such was the intenseness of his soul, that his whole frame was thrown into a violent agitation. Hi was prostrate in the cold night, yet sweat profusely | nay, the very blood forced its way through the inna merable pores of his body, and fellin large drops up the ground. Then, as well as at his crucifixion, th prophetical declaration was fulfilled, “I am poured out like water, and all my. bones are out of joint: my heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels *.” Where were the disciples of Jesus in this season ol his extreme anguish? An angel, as we have seen, was sent for his relief; but was there no earthly friend ta support his drooping head? No: he had occasion td lament that he found no comforters.: Those, whig made the most solemn protestations of regard, Mie inattentive to his distress. The three most favoured Apostles, though they had been twice before reproved for their drowsiness, had fallen asleep again. Their grief, indeed, contributed, in some measure, to produce this effect: but, doubtless they betrayed the weakness and deficiency of their spiritual principles. He re- turned, repeated his reproof, and intimated that it was too late to observe his neglected injunction, that the time for watching and prayer was expired, and that he should be immediately delivered into the hand: . of wicked men. Then, having recovered from hi: agony, and not dreading the event, he called wpot them to arise, that they might meet the traitor, whi was approaching with a band of ruffians to appre hend him. : The whole ef this narration fills us with wonder * Psal. xxi. 14, Boe BS: JESUS CHRIST. 373 and at the same time suggests the most important in- structions. We cannot but express our surprise at the conduct of the disciples, circumstanced as they were. Doubtless they were highly blamable in dis- regarding their dear Lord, when he requested their peculiar attention, and neglecting his repeated admo- nitions. But, while we mourn over them, relapsing into the same fault again and again, we are reminded of our own depravity, and taught not to be confident of ourselves, however sincere and earnest we may be in right principles ; for, though “ the spirit is willing, the flesh is weak.” _ Our eyes are more especially fixed upon the Saviour, who, under his unutterable anguish, exhibits a perfect _ pattern of patience and meekness. Let us learn to suffer with the same disposition. There are infirmi- ties attached to humanity which we may feel without sin, so as to shrink under the pressure, or in the pro- spect of calamities. We may, therefore, innocently desire the cup to pass from us. But we are instructed, from the view of Jesus in the garden, to surrender up ourselves without reserve to the divine disposal, and to consult the glory of God and the salvation of men, ‘rather than our own present ease and comfort. Under the most painful feelings, while we spread our case before the Lord, and entreat his gracious interposi- tion, we should possess such an entire resignation as to be able to say, “ Not what I will, but what thou wilt.”. Have we attained this temper? How far otherwise! Do not our trials draw forth our corrup- tion, and prove that we are very opposite to the mind of Christ? Ah! what pride and petulance, what unbelief and discontent, do we betray in sharp afflictions! We are ready to quarrel with Jehovah for appointing us so arduous a post: we entertain hard thoughts of him if deliverance be not instantly vouchsafed ; and it should seem, from our vehement impatience, that we could wish every consideration VOL. IV. KK 374 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. to be sacrificed to our own ease and convenience. Tf this be the case, surely we do not watch and pray: we are not prepared for the conflict, and a defe may be expected. ‘ It is inquired, What could be the occasion of the Saviour’s extreme distress and remarkable agony ? There was no visible external cause of that perplexity — and horror which he discovered. He appears not to have suffered through excessive pain of body: nor ought we to suppose that he was terrified, merely under the apprehensions of approaching dangers, or that he repented of his undertaking. Never did he show more distinguished courage, or more clearly manifest his desire of saving simners at any expense to himself. Yet, consistently with this assertion, it may be allowed, that human nature, even in the holy Jesus, might shudder at the prospect of such severe calamities. 2, It is said, that many martyrs have possessed greate composure and intrepidity of mind, when they were meeting death in its most dreadful forms. But the comparison ought not to be admitted, as the circum- stances are so widely different. Jesus was afflicted in a way, and from causes, peculiar to himself: nor is it possible that any other man could endure what — was laid upon him. He stood as “ the Repairer of — the breach,” to turn away from us the vengeance of our offended God, interposing himself between us and the stroke of justice. Therefore “ it pleased the Lord to bruise him: He hath put him to grief*.” In that view, his mind suffered much more than his body ; and before he came to the cross he felt inex~ pressible agonies, not merely in the prospect of his ~ passion, but from the immediate hand of God press- ihg his spirit. In Gethsemane, then, while we ac- company the Saviour bowed down under “ the terrors of God,” we behold the deep malignity of sin, and — * Ysa, lili. 10. , JESUS CHRIST. 3875 “perceive, that, if we should answer for our own of- fences, the burden would be heavier than we could bear. It should seem, also, that Satan had considerable influence in producing or increasing the distress on - this remarkable occasion. Jesus had just before de- tclared that the malicious adversary was preparing to _attack him, and probably the fiend was then permitted : to vent his utmost rage, and make his fiercest onset- _ But, however he might harass, he could not over- come; and this very conflict turned to his greater 5 confusion. Jesus obtained the victory, and, as “ the Captain of our salvation,” is able to deliver those who are tempted. Only let us follow his standard, _and we may exult in the hope of sharing his glorious _ conquest. At the close of his-agony, Jesus had announced to his disciples the approach of the traitor ; and at that instant Judas came upon them with an armed com- -pany. This infamous Apostle had previously sold his Master ; and, as he knew the place of his retire- ment, he now took the opportunity of conducting a large and mixed multitude of persons, for the ex- press purpose of seizing him by force. Judas went up to address him with that vile hypocrisy which marked, his character, endeavouring to conceal’ the basest designs under the guise of friendship. Still professing respect and affection, he saluted his Lord, and with a kiss betrayed him into the hands of his enemies. Was no resistance made, or escape attempted? No: a cutting reproof was given to the traitor, for being the leader in such a business, and with such dissimu- ation : but Jesus fled not from the danger. Though he had a clear view of all his sufferings, he advanced . with amazing fortitude towards the very men who © wished to apprehend him. Having declared himself the Person whom they sought, ‘he displayed his orR 37 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. majesty through an invisible influence, by which they _ were instantly confounded, and struck to the sf | in his presence. After so remarkable a proof of his | power, it'was a signal evidence of their obduracy to resume and prosecute their scheme.’ He might have eluded their pursuit ; but he cheerfully surrendered himeelf, insisting only one condition, that his dis- ciples might be dismissed in safety. How kind and tender was his concern for his dear and affectionate attendants even to the last ! Jesus, the high and exalted Personage, whose name is, “ King of kings and Lord of lords,” sub- mitted to be taken into custody, and even to be bound. Amazing sight indeed! Those who accom- panied him proposed to resist: and Peter, with his usual forwardness, actually drew a sword in his Master’s defence, and cut off the ear of the high- priest’s servant. This was a hasty and imprudent step, for which Jesus rebuked him, observing that such means of protection were improper in their case, and generally proved destructive. He added, that, if it had been expedient, he could easily have obtained the assistance of numerous armies of angels ; but that, with a view to fulfil the Scriptures, he cheerfully acquiesced in the Father’s appointment, though painful to himself. To prevent the bad effects of Peter’s rashness, Jesus immediately exerted his miraculous power, and healed the wounded person. He graciously interfered to allay the resentment of the armed com- pany, and correct the mistake, which might have been fatal to his disciples. He inquired of his enemies why they came against him with such a formidable force, as they had no reason to expect opposition © and why they had not seized him before, when he gave them the fairest opportunities. But, as he remarked, their malice, which had been restrained, was then let loose upon him, and the infernal spirits JESUS CHRIST. - Oh were permitted to employ their utmost influence : yet their united efforts could prevail no further than to fulfil the prophecies of Scripture. Aes The sight of Jesus as a prisoner in the hands of the wicked was more than any of the Apostles could bear. They were staggered, as if they had been deluded ; and terrified, as being left defenceless. Forgetful, therefore, of their late protestations, they all forsook him, and consulted only how they might secure themselves by flight. Oh! the base ingrati- tude and treachery of their conduct! This defection must have been more painful to Jesus than ali the violence of his opposers. It furnishes, however, some useful lessons: it teaches us not to glory in men; not to depend on the firmness of the most eminent characters ; nor to confide in any wisdom, strength, or goodness of our own, as sufficient to preserve us in the hour of temptation. May God of his mercy keep us from falling ; or else “ the fiery trial,” which may possibly come upon us, will prove our weakness in a still more awful manner! They neglected to improve the season of retirement allowed them; and from the same causes, indulgence of sloth, and omis- sion of watchfulness and prayer, many have forsaken and dishonoured Christ. How forcible an argument © for attention to duty! But, turning our eyes to Jesus, we behold an inex- pressible majesty and meekness in his deportment. The splendour of his divinity broke forth, even in this low state of meanness and abasement. His power and grace were both wonderfully exhibited ; and in the union of the two the security of our salva- tion consists. ‘The Redeemer stood alone, being de- serted of all his adherents, even those who had seemed most faithful, and who had vowed that they would die with him. Yet he expressed no resent- ment; nor did he, in any measure, depart from his purpose. He went through his work “in the great- KK SG Sia SCRIFTURE CHARACTERS. i . = ness of his strength,” actuated by an ardent desire to accomplish the will of God, and make reconciliation — for his people, whatever he might endure. ' O, look unto Jesus, and consider for what ends this amazing — transaction was designed! Do you not feel a cordial regard to him for his voluntary submission to so much contempt and suffering? Does it not confirm your hope, and inspire you with an expectation of pardon, peace, and heaven ? ; Jesus was hurried away as a criminal from Geth- ‘semane to Jerusalem, and there dragged from one part of the city to another. He was taken first to the house of Annas, and then to the palace of Caia-' phas, the high-priest, where, it should seem, though in the dead of night, the principal members of the sanhedrim were assembled, waiting to receive their prisoner*. Here he underwent an examination before his malicious and enraged enemies. ‘They questioned him concerning his followers and doctrine. He meekly replied, that he had said nothing ina covert manner ; and appealed to those who had heard his instructions, as the proper witnesses to be interrogated on the subject. For this gentle answer he received a blow,’ accompanied with marks of disdain, from an officer who stood near him. It is no slight provocation for an innocent person, when unjustly apprehended and brought to trial, to meet with indignities from the ~ guard who attends him, or the inferior ministers of justice. Jesus, however, with astonishing patience, sought no vindication, but desired only to know whether what he had spoken deserved such treat- ment. The holy Jesus was arraigned: but what accusa-" tion was brought against him? Pains were taken to furnish, if possible, the least shadow of a charge, on which his condemnation might be grounded. Re- * Matt. xxvi. 57, &c. Mark xiv. 53, &e. Luke xxii. 54, &e. John xviii. 1S —27, JESUS CHRIST. i 379 lwards. were offered to any one who would perjure themselves, and deliver such a testimony as might afford his judges a plausible pretext for putting him ‘to death ; a measure on which they had determined. |But persons of that description, and whose aid seemed necessary, could not readily be found. So strong a ‘restraint does God impose upon the minds even of the dissolute and abandoned, that they are afraid to af- firm what their inclinations would dictate. Were ‘not this the case, there would be but poor security in | society either for property or life ; and the righteous especially would be so attacked by the lying tongue, that they could no longer maintain their place in the | world. At length two witnesses arose, who gave some in- coherent accounts and gross misrepresentations of | what Jesus had said above three years before, con~ _ cerning the destruction and rebuilding of the temple*. | Weak and absurd as the charge was, his enemies en- | deavoured to make it of consequence. On this ground they determined to try their prisoner,and accordingly, at the approach of day, they removed him to the _ grand chamber of the sanhedrim, where they sat in ' full council, and put him upon his defence. He, however, replied not to the accusation. “ He was oppressed, and he was afilicted, yet he opened not his mouth: He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his moutht.” They were surprised at his silence; but he still refused to enter on his vindica- tion, knowing that it could answer no purpose before those who had resolved to destroy him. The high-priest then required him, by the most solemn form of adjuration, to declare upon oath whether he was indeed the promised Messiah. Im- mediately he replied, in the most explicit terms, that he was; and maintained, that, notwithstanding his * John ii. 19. + Isa. lui. 7. 580 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. mean appearance, and their contempt of him, they should one day behold him, in a state of the highest exaltation and glory, descending from heaven with divine majesty, as the supreme and universal Judge. This bold and open avowal of his character incensed them the more. They considered him as guilty of the most shocking impiety in claiming so high a dig- nity, and agreed that he ought to suffer death as a blasphemer. Did no one, then, arise to plead his cause, and wipe off the aspersion? No: the opportunity, ge- nerally allowed to criminals, of producing any favour-- able testimonies, was denied to Jesus ; a circumstance which had itself been predicted *. Two of the sanhe- drim dissented from the rest; but it does not appear that they stood forth in his defence +. His own dis- ciples had deserted him. Peter and John, indeed, seemed to have recovered themselves from their flight, but they followed him only at a distance, and dared not speak in his defence. Nay, Peter, with profane imprecations, denied that he had ever known him. The trial being ended fresh insults were offered to Jesus. He was treated by the lowest of the servants with insolent and cruel indignities, mocked, spit upon, buffeted, blindfolded, and beaten on the face; and at the same time the most vile blasphemies were uttered in derision and contempt. In yarious instances he fulfilled the prophetical description: He was “a re- proach of men, and despised of the people ;’—“ he hid * Isa. liii. 8. By an oppressive judgment he was taken off; - « And his manner of life who would declare?” Bishop Lowth on this passage observes, that no one was punished for.a capital crime till proclamation had been made before the pri- sener, allowing those who knew him to give evidence in his favour. But, in the trial and condemnation of Jesus, the usual rule was not observed: no proclamation was madefor any person to bear witness to his innocence, nor did any one yoluntarily step forth to give suck ai attestation. - + Luke xxiii. 50,51, John xix. $2, 39. JESUS CHRIST. 38 “not his ae from shame and spitting*.” How won- | derful,were his condescension and meekness ! how de- ' testable the injustice and malevolence of his perse- ' cutors ! __ What is the treatment which the Saviour receives from us? Itis generally allowed that the conduct of the Jews was wrong; but is ours defensible? It is | possible that we may inveigh loudly and bitterly _ against their iniquitous proceedings, and yet be ac- ‘tuated by similar dispositions. This, at least, we know ; neglect and hatred of Christ prev: ail among ourselves.“ He is despised and rejected of men t.” There are those who turn away from him with disdain, and refuse to hear his character and truth vindicated. There ‘are those, likewise, who seek for objections, and vent their rage in profane and blasphemous speeches against him. All such we warn and exhort. O, consider whom you scorn and oppose! It is no other than “ the Christ, the Son of the blessed God.” And will you take part with his enemies? What, then, can you expect the consequence to be? He does not, indeed, instantly confound you, but for the present allows you to triumph, and to show what is in your hearts. Yet, “hereafter you shall see him sitting on the right hand of the power of God, and coming in the clouds of heaven.” You must stand at his ‘bar, answer for your insolent contempt of his Gospel, and receive your final sentence from his mouth. O turn to him now, while he waits to be gracious, that you may have confidence and joy before him at the great day of his appearing! Amen. * Psal. xxii. 6. Isa. 1.6, + Isa. liii. 3. 382 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. JESUS CHRIST. stct. 40. Jesus was examined before Pontius Pilate and Herod, scourged, dertded, condemned, and crucified. We are now called to behold the most stupendous and distressful sight ever exhibited: the highest greatness in the lowene state of abasement ; perfect innocence overwhelmed with extreme suffering ; the most transcendent excellence treated with general contempt and abhorrence. It is Jesus, “ the Lock of glory,” who was crucified for us men, and for our sal- vation. “The Holy One of God”. submitted to be ranked with infamous malefactors, to endare excru- { ciating tortures, and to be cut off bya violent death, as unworthy to live. . This is a sight, which angels, probably, viewed with astonishment. To Satan the transaction might seem to furnish matter of exulta- tion for the moment ; but it will certainly turn to his entire and everlasting confusion. With what affec- tions shall we rega ard it? A serious contemplation of the subject. will excite in us emotions of godly sor- row and-genuine repentance, and inflame our hearts with holy love and zeal. It is not a tragical fiction, designed mer ely to move the passions, but an awful reality, which is of unspeakably greater importance ine any other occurrence in the history of mankind. We shall relate the facts simply as they are recorded, deducing only those practical reflections which na- turally offer themselves to our consideration. Jesus, we have seen, had been already tried and condemned by the high-priest and the grand council of the sanhedrim. We might have expected, there- JESUS CHRIST. 383 fore, that they would proceed to stone him, according to their law, and as they had frequently attempted to do inthe violence of their rage. But how then would the Scriptures have been fulfilled? They foretold | that the Messiah should suffer a particular kind of | death, different from that which the Jewish statutes ' appointed, a death of peculiar ignominy and excessive _ torture. And it is worthy of remark that as the _ Jews were at this time in subjection to a foreign yoke, and the privilege of inflicting capital punishments "was vested in their conquerors, so the code of the Roman power had annexed to the crimes of the basest of mankind the pains of crucifixion. The slave alone was condemned to be suspended on the cross ; and to this was the Saviour reserved. Good Friday, _ Accordingly, in the morning, after all or the Day the sanhedrim had consulted together by of our Lord’s what means they might most effectually Crucifixion. accomplish their wishes in the destruc- tion of Jesus, they commanded him again to be bound, conducted him to the judgment-hall of Pontius Pilate, the governor, or vicegerent, of the Roman em- peror, and there requested the immediate trial of the prisoner*. The Jews themselves, however, under the pretence of a religious scruple, refused to enter the hall, lest they should contract ceremonial unclean- ness from a place which belonged to the Gentiles, and be unfitted for a participation of the sacrifices offered at the passover. Nothing could more strongly mark their hypocrisy. At the very time they were filled with malignant rage, and intent on shedding innocent blood, they were unwilling to omit the outward forms of devotion, and dreaded a ritual defilement. To what purpose, we ask, are ~ men exact in external observances, while the vilest affections maintain an ascendancy in their hearts? * Matt. xxvii. 1,2, 11—¢3. Mark xv. 1—14. Luke xxii. 1—23. John xviii, 28, &e. ; 884 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. ae Is the Lord God, who trieth the reins, thus to be im 7 posed on by an empty show, or the mere professions” of regard-to his service?. ° ; es a Pilate condescended to comply with their scruples, | and instituted his examination of the prisoner in the” open air. He inquired, therefore, what charge they | urged against him: they replied, that he had heen) convicted before them as a notorious malefactor. But, not choosing to proceed upon so general a dew claration, or’ solicitous to be rid of the disagreeable) business, he desired them to take the matter into | their own hands, and manage the prosecution accord= ing to their law. They pleaded, however, that they” could not inflict a capital punishment without his~ express warrant. They said, “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death ;” confessing on this” occasion with readiness, what they were generally unwilling to do, their subjection to the Reman power. But all these circumstances were so ordered, that the - Seriptures might have their completion, by the parti- cular mode in which Jesus suffered. The Lord God omnipotent reigneth, and renders all events sub-— servient to his own purposes. To incense the Romans against the prisoner, the - Jews alleged that he had been guilty of seditious practices, having opposed the payment of the em- peror’s tribute, and claimed regal honours to himself. Many other charges they preferred, endeavouring to traduce his character by the basest insinuations. To all these he made no reply, being content to bear re- proach for our sakes ; and his patient silence struck even Pilate with astonishment. The governor then returned into the hall, and ex- amined him. more privately respecting those treason- able designs of which he wasaccused. Jesus argued, that the peaceable deportment' of himself and his fol- lowers sutliciently proved that he aimed not at tem- yporal dominion: yet he maintained that he came JESUS CHRIST. 385 into the world on purpose to establish another sort, of kingdom, and concluded with a solemn admonition to _ his judge, to attend tothe important truth, which he then witnessed before him. Pilate probably being affected with this declaration, put the question, “What is truth?” but he waited not, perhaps wished not, for an answer. Ah! how many begin, but soon give up, the momentous inquiry, being drawn aside to some other object, before they obtain any satisfactory information ! Pilate, however, being convinced of the innocence of Jesus, went out again, and bore an honourable testimony in his favour before his accusers, asserting that he had found no fault in him. But this very attestation enraged them the more; and imme- diately, with still greater vehemence, they charged him as the author of tumult and sedition throughout the country, from Galilee to Jerusalem. From the mention of Galilee, it appeared that the prisoner pro- perly belonged to the jurisdiction of Herod, the tetrarch of that district, who was then at Jerusalem : accordingly Pilate referred the matter to his decision, desirous to gain his favour, and relieve himself from trouble. Herod was the man who had beheaded the Baptist. He rejoiced to see Jesus, probably from the motive of mere curiosity, as he had heard so much of this famous worker of miracles. Here also Jesus under- went a trial; but to the many questions which the king proposed he made no reply. The Jewish doc- tors, in their great zeal, followed him, and urged their malicious accusations: yet no proofs of -guilt . were produced. . Herod and his soldiers treated him with the utmost scorn, as a poor contemptible creature, unworthy of any notice. Having clothed him with some splendid vestments, in derision of his pretensions to royalty, he sent him back again to Pilate. Was the matter then determined? No: further VOL. Iv. Th 386 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. insults and cruelties were still in reserve. Had the Roman governor been upright, he would instantly have dismissed the prisoner. He was convinced of © his innocence, and the more so from Herod’s exami- nation. Having therefore again summoned his oppo- nents, he declared his belief that their charges were groundless, and proposed to release him, though not without scourging. Probably he thought that a slight kind of punishment would pacify their minds, and that something must be conceded to their rage. Through the whole of his conduct you obserye the character of a mean time-serving man, resisting and at last stifling the dictates of his conscience, merely td conciliate the Jews, whom he had incensed by his former austerities.. If, as he declared, he found no fault in the person accused, why did he not firmly maintain his cause against his malevolent persecu- tors? And especially, why did he offer to chastise an innocent man? It was a decisive proof of his want of integrity that he had not courage to act agreeably to his own convictions. 5 At the passover, the people were usually gratified by the Roman governor with the discharge of some one prisoner, whom they desired. Pilate therefore requested that Jesus might be set at liberty on that occasion. But Barabbas, a robber and a murderer, was preferred before the Saviour and the Prince of life. Three times together the whole body of the populace, urged on by their rulers, with great vehe- mence opposed his release, and cried out, “ Away with him, crucify him, crucify him.” To these tumultuous clamours, after some faint resistance, the weak, the unrighteous judge submitted, probabl considering it as a matter of necessity that their yage must be appeased, even by the sacrifice of the guiltless. Yet sentence was not immediately pronounced. Pilate still endeavoured to save the life of Jesus, and, JESUS CHRIST. 387 it is supposed, with that view proceeded to scourge him, hoping that his enemies would then he satisfied, and no further acts of violence called for*. This, of itself, was a vile indignity ; but more iguominious usage and far greater cruelties succeeded. The Ro- man soldiers concluded that he was now delivered into their power, and began to treat him with inso- lent contempt, as if he were an object for sport. They derided his claims of majesty, and clothed him with purple and scarlet ; they crowned him with thorns (which pierced into his temples, and occasioned ex- treme anguish), put a reed into his right hand in re- semblance of a sceptre, and then with bended knees aid their homage to him as King of the Jews. Nor did their scornful abuses stop here. With shameless wantonness and barbarity they spit upon him, and smote him on the head, that his crown of thorns might give him more excruciating pain. Even this did not suffice. Pilate brought him forth again before the people, bearing the marks of that contempt and cruelty with which he had been treated, arrayed in mock majesty, and having his face defiled and covered with blood. Probably he supposed that their compassion might at length be excited ; and therefore, having once more declared that Jesus had not been convicted of any guilt, he exclaimed, “‘ Behold the man;” as if he had said, « While you view the wretchedness of the prisoner, upon whom no fault is proved, let your resentment be appeased, and all further persecution cease.” But, to prevent lenient measures, their very teachers and leaders cried out, with the same acrimonious spirit as before, “ Crucify him, crucify him.” In vain did the judge continue to assert his innocence: they now varied their accusation, and insisted that he ought to die as a blasphemer, because he had claimed divine ® Matt. xxvii. 24—31. Mark x7, 15— 20. Luke xxii 24, 25.. John xix. 1—16. 388 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. perfections in maintaining that he was the Son of God. This gave a fresh alarm to Pilate, who there- fore withdrew from the multitude, and demanded of Jesus what was his original. Our Lord, however, refused to answer the inquiries of a man who would not act according to his conscience. This silence the governor considered as a contempt of his authority : but he was then reminded that his boasted power to save or to destroy was to be ascribed to a peculiar per- mission of Providence, and that he, though guilty, was less culpable than the promoters of the iniquitous persecution. Pilate, being now more than ever convinced of the prisoner’s innocence, endeavoured to obtain his dis- charge. But fresh and stronger accusations were urged, and he himself was threatened, as being a traitor, an enemy to Cesar, if he should acquit the Person who claimed regal honours. Intimidated by such a representation, he placed himself on the seat. of judgment, and prepared to pass the solemn sen- tence. Yet probably in derision of those fears which the Jews seemed to entertain for the established government from such an opponent, he brought him - forth again, and cried, “ Behold your King!” The rejected him, as before, with expressions of the ut- - most disdain, and demanded his crucifixion. What, then, remained to be done? Pilate found that all his endeavours to quiet the rage of the people were ineffectual ; and, as he was determined to gra- tify them at any rate, he consented to the death of — Jesus. But how shall his own conscience be pacified ? As a wretched expedient for the removal of his scru- ples, he washed his hands in the presence of the mul- titude, declaring, in a solemn manner, that they, and not he, must answer for the blood of this innocent Person, whom they forced him to condemn. Unhappy Pilate! how much better would it have been for thee to have maintained a firm and inviolable regard to JESUS CHRIST. 389 righteousness and justice, and consulted thy own con- victions rather than the clamours of a mob! What availed thy temporizing schemes! They betrayed the baseness of thy character, increased thy guilt, and hastened thy destruction *. The case of the Jews was still more deplorable. Determined to hazard every consequence, if only their resentment might be gratified by the death of Jesus, they replied, “‘ His blood be on us, and on our children.” Thus they entailed the divine curse upon themselves and their posterity, for the murder of the Son of God. And we know that the vengeance of Heaven has fallen in a remarkable manner upon that. miserable people, and continues to pursue them to this day, for the part they took in that horrid transaction. At length the unrighteous judge pronounced the awful sentence, that the holy Jesus, whom he had repeatedly declared to be a blameless character, should be delivered to the will of the enraged multitude, to expire under the very severe tortures of crucifixion. Here let us pause, that we may indulge our serious meditations on the whole of this amazing transaction. “ Consider Him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself+.” Recollect the high dig- nity of the Sufferer, and the cause of his voluntary humiliation ; and then every circumstance here related will excite your devout astonishment. While you view with terror the obstinate and malignant rage of his enemies, you will admire and praise the cen- descensions of his love. Fix your regard upon him in this state of deep abasement. “ Behold the man!” He is indeed “a man of surrows, and acquainted with grief{;” yet he is no other than “the man, * Pilate was soon afterwards deposed from his government, through the accusations of the Jews, whom he had so studied to please; and it is said that he perighed miserably by his own hands. ' | Hleby xii, 3. 2 Isa. liti,3: Q LL o 390 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. who is the fellow of the Lord of hosts*.” He sub- mitted to be an object of sport and derision to those who were the creatures of his hands. He endured the vilest indignities from them, when he might have consigned them to destruction. He stood with silence and forbearance before his accusers, and resisted not the violence of such as buffeted and scourged him. We are ready to wonder that he did not strike dumb the tongue of the slanderer and busy mocker, and that he did not unnerve the in- jurious arm that was lifted up against him. But we learn from him “to take it patiently,” whenever ‘« for conscience toward God we endure grief, suffer- ing wrongfully ;” “ because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example that we should follow his q ; 7 j steps: who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; — when he suffered, he threatened not, but committed himself to Him that judgeth righteously t.” In all -these various circumstances, likewise, we mark the exact completion of ancient prophecies. Thus Messiah speaks, “ The mouth of the wicked, and the mouth of the deceitful, are opened against me ; they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. They compassed me about also with words of hatred ; and fought against me without a cause}.” © But I, as a deaf man, heard not ; and I was as a dumb man, that openeth not his mouth §.” “I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spit- ting ||.” We are, therefore, to regard the divine purpose in these minute events, The Jews and Ro- mans, while they were left to the’ influence of their own passions, became the instruments of accomplish- -ing the Scriptures and the decrees of God. Thas -the Apostles interpreted the matter, when they said, « Of a truth, against thy holy Child Jesus, whom * Zech, xii 7. +1 Pet. ii. 19—23. } Psal. cix. 2, 3. § xxxvili. 15. {| Isa. 1. 6. JESUS CHRIST, 391 thou hast anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Tsrael, were ga- thered together, for to do whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be done*.” Such a view of the government of God, as overruling even the vilest designs of his enemies for his own glory, may tend to give us composure, confidence, and joy, under the darkest dispensations. The promoters of this malicious prosecution carried their point, and triumphed in the victory. The very sentence was passed which they had so eagerly desired ; and immediately, after some fresh insults, offered te the prisoner, they proceeded to the execu- tion +. A cross, the instrument of torture and death, was prepared ; and, part. of the cumbrous load being laid upon him, he was compelled to bear it, so long as his fainting body could support the burden. Thus oppressed, he was Jed forth through the streets of the city towards Golgotha, that, according to the typical representations of the Jewish sacrifices, he might . “suffer without the gate {.” What an awful procession was this! Jesus, the Son of God and the Saviour of men, whose whole life had been spent in works of mercy, conducted, amidst the general execrations of the people, as an atrocious criminal, “appointed to die!’ Did not his op- posers relent at the sight of his misery? The most notorious offenders in our country, when cut off from society by the sentence of the law, are pitied and prayed for by the surrounding multitudes. There are few spectators, on such an occasion, whose cheeks are not bedewed with tears of compassion. But Jesus was treated with insult and disdain, even in this last tremendous scene. At length he was relieved from the pressure of his burden, prebably because he fainted. His. * Acts iv. 27, 28. + Matt. xxvii. 31—35. Mark xv. 20—24, Luke xxiii, 26—33. John xix. 16—18. + Heb. xiii. 11, 12 } , 392 “SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. attendants, not from benevolence, but to preserve his life for public execution, compelled Simon, a Cyrenean, whom they met by the way, and perhaps suspected of being a disciple, to bear the cross in his stead. Immense crowds of people joined the procession, and’ among the rest were some females, who, being deeply affected by the view of his sufferings, dared — to express their tender commiseration. To them the compassionate Saviour looked with kind regard, and, declaring his own readiness to endure the utmost extremity, exhorted them to reserve their tears for other purposes, and bewail the miseries which were then about to fall upon themselves, their families, and their devoted country. He pre- dicted that such would be the general desolation of the Jand, and such the distresses of mothers for their children, that barrenness would be accounted a pe- culiar happiness; and that his exulting enemies would shortly be so oppressed by terror and despair, as to long for an immediate dissolution, even by the most violent means. He added, that, considering the difference of their character from his, they could not look for the supports which he experienced, and that they were as dry fuel prepared for the burning. How solemn the admonition! And how needful is it still to weep for the multitudes who remain in avowed opposition to Christ! Miseries, inconceiy- ably more dreadful than any temporal calamities, are coming upon them; so that, in the horror of their souls, they will wish for utter annihilation, and say to the mountains and rocks, ‘‘ Fall on us, and hide us from the face of Him that sitteth on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb: for the great day of his wrath is come; and who shall be able to stand * P” Having arrived at the appointed place, they of- * Rev. vi. 16, 17. JESUS CHRIST. , 398 fered him a cup to drink, not to alleviate, but in- ' erease, his distress. It was a bitter potion, and he refused it. Some have supposed that a different draught of a pleasant and generous cordial was pre- pared by his friends; and that, as he did not wish for any mitigation of his pain, he would not avail himself of their kindness. The execution immediately followed. His hands being stretched out upon the transverse beam, and his feet fixed to the upright part of the cross, those tender and sensible members of the body were pierced through and nailed to the wood. The cross was then erected, and fastened in the ground ; and the holy Sufferer remained suspended in extreme anguish. Such was the situation of Jesus when he “ made his soul an offering for sin.” And here, while we pause, that we may indulge our devout meditations, the inquiry almost forces itself upon us, Why was all this permitted? We are lost in wonder: yet, mysterious as the plan may be, God fulfilled his own purposes in the whole of this singular transaction. Thus it had been de- termined in the counsels of infinite wisdom; and therefore “thus it behoved Christ to suffer.” The Scriptures of the Old Testament had predicted the grand event, with all its various circumstances: and it could not be otherwise but that every type and prophecy must have its full accomplishment. It seemed unlikely that Jesus should die by cruci- fixion, because this was a Roman, not a Jewish, punishment ; and it might have been expected, from the fury of the people, that they would have de- spatched him suddenly, without waiting for a formal trial or judicial process. But, amidst all the commo- tions which may arise from human machinations, “the Lord reigneth,” and “the wrath of man shall praise him*,” While the enemies of Jesus followed * Psal, Ixxvi. 10, 304. SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. : their own devices, their passions were overruled, it i order that the great Antitype might answer to all | the ancient figures by the manner of his death. va Isaac was directed to be offered as an oblation to God, and himself carried the wood which was _ designed to consume his body: and thus he repre- sented the Redeemer, the appointed Victim for the — expiation of our guilt, bearing his cross to Calvary. — By the paschal lamb intimation had been given to — the church for many preceding ages that “the Lamb of God” should be slain to take away the sins of the — world, and yet be so remarkably preserved by the — divine Providence, even in his extreme sufferings, _ that not a bone should be brokent. The cross of — Christ, as the means of our deliverance, was still more clearly exhibited by the brazen serpent lifted up on a pole for the cure of the wounded Israelites in the wildernesst. From the history before us it appears that each of these signs has received an exact completion. Some express predictions, also, rendered this par- ticular kind of death expedient and necessary. Thus the Messiah speaks by David, “ They pierced my hands and my feet {;” and by Zechariah, “ They shall look upon me whom they have pierced §.” The prercrne of the body, especially in the parts here specified, evidently denoted crucifixion. Now, suppose, for a moment, that Jesus had suffered in ‘any other way, these prophecies would have failed, and he himself been found an impostor and deceiver ; for he had declared that he should be delivered to the Gentiles, to be mocked, and scourged, and CRUCIFIED ||. But, in contemplating this subject, let us not rest in speculation. If “before our eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth crucified among us,” * Exod. xii. 46. John xix. 56. + ii. 14,15. $ Psal. xxii. 16. § Zech. xii. 10- || Matt. xx. 19. JESUS CHRIST. 595 we ought to be filled with admiration of his grace, with gratitude, love, and zeal. To hehoid such a sight even with. indifference betrays a lamentable stupor of the mind, and an alienation of the soul from the life of God. A proper view of the Saviour “suffering for sins, the just for the unjust,” will command our attention, and inspire us with all holy affections. If we understand the nature and value of the object here proposed, the whole world, with all its boasted enjoyments, will appear little in our esti- mation. We shall determine to know nothing, and glory in nothing, but Jesus Christ, and him crucified*. We shall perceive sin to be “exceeding sinful,” re- solve that “our old man,” and all his corrupt mem- bers, shall be mortified with Christ, and dread the thought of “ crucifying the Son of God afresh, and putting him to an open shame.” The cross, when apprehended by faith, will appear to contain a com- plete remedy for the necessities of our guilty souls ; and while, through this expedient, we approach to God with confidence and joy, we shall burn with eager desire that the blessed mystery may be pro- claimed throughout the earth, and sinners of every description persuaded “ to confess the faith of Christ crucified t.” We shall feel our obligations more forcibly than words can express, and our constant inquiry will be, “ What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits{?” Has the subject produced in us. such effects as these? It is allowed that even sincere and eminent believers are shamefully defective in love to the Redeemer. But, we fear, there are thousands among us, who have never been brought under the influence of this divine principle. “The preaching of the cross” is to some “a stumbling-block,” and to others *foolishness§.” Through ignorance, pride, and un- *1 Cor. ii. 2. Gal. vi. 14. 4 Office of Baptism. + Psal. exvi. 12. §1 Cor i. 23. 7 396 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. belief, a presumptuously cavil at and deride it ; but » may WE thankfully and joyfully receive it, as bringing the highest glory to God, no less than complete sal- vation to man! May it be made effectual to subdue in us all haughtiness of spirit, the love of sin and of the world! May it establish us in peace and con- fidence toward God, and give us the victory over death! Then, having gained an admission into heaven, we shall sing for ever, “ Worthy is the Lamb that was slain, and hath redeemed us to God by his own blood.” Amen. ‘ | : ; 2 397 JESUS CHRIST. sECcT. 41. Jesus, hanging on the cross, prayed for his murderers —was reviled—comforted the penitent thief—com- plained of desertion—expired—was pierced-—taken down and buried, Tue glory of the Saviour broke forth at various times throughout his humiliation, to the astonish- ment of many beholders. Even at the last, his dig- nity, when most obscured, was illustriously dis- played. There were certain circumstances attend- ing his deepest abasement, which in a_ peculiar manner command our reverence, and conciliate our esteem. While these are proposed to our serious contemplation, we shall look beyond the meanness of his appearance, and, perceiving the real excellency of his character, we shall be constrained to admire, love, and praise him. We have already accompanied our Lord to Cal- vary, where his sacred body was stretched out with extreme anguish, pierced in its tenderest parts, fast- ened to the wood, and exhibited as a spectacle of in- famy and contempt to all the people. We now return to the painful, though most instructive, sight, and follow him in our meditations from the cross to the grave. May we be made conformable to him in his sufferings, and “ our old man be crucified with him, that the body of sin may be destroyed*!” As “ by thy cross and passion,” so “ by thy precious death and burial, good Lord, deliver us t!” If we advert to the circumstances of his cruci- * Rom. vi. 6. + Litany. VOL. IV. MM 398 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. fixion, what do we behold in the conduct of his enemies but insatiable rage and cruelty? What do we see in him but unexampled meekness, patience, and compassion? He offered no resistance to their violence, hut calmly resigned himself, “ as a Jamb to the slaughter *.” He was solicitous for the salvation of his murderers, rather than for his own personal ease and deliverance. While he commended them to the divine mercy, he manifested the riches of his grace. Even in his dying moments “ he made in- tercession for the transgressors ¢.” He said, * Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do }.” What an eminent pattern is this! He not only taught, but practised, gentleness, forbearance, and love, to the most malicious persecutors: he poured out his heart in fervent supplication for them. He had frequently discovered the same disposition on former occasions ; but no instance can be comparéd to this. After the vilest indignities put upon him, at the very time when his bloodthirsty enemies were exerting the utmost efforts of their rage, and he was bleeding under their hands, he pitied their blind- ness; for they understood not the sinfulness and danger of their conduct: he grieved for their misera- ble state, and prayed that they might not come into final condemnation. How few even attempt to imitate the bright example! It must, however, be allowed, that the proud, the implacable, and revenge- ful, who constitute a numerous company, bear no resemblance to Jesus. 2 Here the Redeemer has afforded us a representa- tion of his gracious intercession in behalf of sinners: as Mediator between God and man, he is continually offering up a similar petition in heaven. There may be those, who show the most decided and contemp- tuous opposition both to him and his people, for whom he pleads the merit of his blood as an adequate atone- ® Isa. lili. 7. 4 12. + Luke xxiii. 34. JESUS CHRIST. 399 ment, and may still be considered as speaking to the same effect, “ Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” The soldiers who nailed him to the cross, having stripped him of his garments, divided them among themselves* ; yet, even in that division, their minds were so overruled by a divine influence, that they fulfilled an express prophecy, and gave further evi- dence that Jesus was indeed the Christ. For thus had Messiah spoken by David his progenitor, “ They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesturet.” After this they continued to watch him, that none might attempt a rescue. Probably with the view of exposing him to ridicule, an inscription, in the three languages generally used and understood, was fixed over his head, deriding his claims of majesty: “ This is Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.” The chief priests, indeed, were disgusted that they should be represented as the subjects of so contemptible a King, and petitioned that the writing might be altered. But Pilate refused to comply with their wishes ; and that very title, in- tended to reproach the Saviour, was so ordered, under the divine direction, as to express the honourable character and office which he sustains for the benefit of the true Israel. Was not the rage of the people at length satiated ? Were no tokens of compassion shown to the holy Sufferer? No: quite the contrary. All ranks seemed to unite and vie with each other, while they in- sulted him by the most scornful and opprobrious speeches. The mob surrounded and reviled him. Eyen those who were passing on the road stopped to amuse themselves with his misery; ridiculed the absurdity of his pretending to be the Son of God, and to rebuild the temple ; and with virulent abuse called * Matt. xxvii. 35—44. Mark xv. 24—32. Luke xxiii. $4—43. John xix. 19—24. + Psalm xxii. 18. 400 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. upon him to make good his claims, by escaping out of the hands of justice. But shall we wonder at the foolish sneers of a thoughtless multitude, when their superiors set the example? In this case, persons of authority, and of the sacred function, led the way, and “ were chief in the trespass.” They laid aside _ their dignity, and mixed in the tumultuous crowd, that they might promote the general outcry against the Saviour, and deride his helpless situation. As it had been alleged that he had saved so many others by miracles, they now, in a disdainful manner, re- quired him to save himself, and promised that they would believe him to be the Christ of God, if he would prove his divine power by coming down from the cross, How weak, as well as wicked, were these speeches! To have rescued himself would have been inconsistent with the great design of his incarnation. We rejoice, — that, in order to accomplish salvation for others, he would not accept deliverance. It would have been easy for him, by one single exertion, to have obtained his release ; nor would this have exceeded, in strength of evidence, many of those works which he had per- formed in their presence. Had their presumptuous - demands been granted, such were the pride and ob- stinacy of their hearts, there had still been no hope that they would have acknowledged him in his proper character. Men are deceived when they suppose that . some striking appearance or interposition, as an additional proof of revelation, would remove: their unbelief. They, who arrogantly reject what’ is offered, would not be convinced by any demonstra- tion whatever. : The soldiers, also, joined in the same blasphemous reproaches, calling on the Redeemer to assert his pretended royalty by escaping out of their hands, which they foolishly thought impossible. Thus that prophetic declaration was remarkably accomplished ; JESUS CHRIST. 401 ** All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, He trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him *.” How astonishing, that, in their profane sneers, they ap- plied the very words, and in the exact sense, which had been predicted ! Two atrocious malefactors were crucified with Jesus: He was placed between them, that he might lie under the greater odium, being exhibited to the public view as a person of the same description. But this circumstance fulfilled the Scripture, which said, «* He was numbered with the transgressors t.’ No reproaches, it should seem, were cast upon them ; so that he was accounted the vilest of the three. One, at least, of the thieves themselves, joived in the general ridicule, and, while dying in his sins, strove to forget his own misery, that he might insult and deride the Saviour. A state of more confirmed and obdurate wickedness is scarcely to be conceived. But though, in this criminal, we lament the ex- treme degeneracy of our nature, we are called to ad- mire the sovereignty, freeness, and efficacy of divine grace, in the pardon and conversion of his fellow-suf- ferer. An astonishing, and, as it should seem, a sud- den change, was produced in the man, who appeared equally depraved, and equally near to the brink of destruction. At the latest moment he obtained an assurance of his acceptance and salvation. Possibly he had never felt real impressions of religion before that awful season, or offered a sincere prayer to God. It is certain, at least, that he was expiring by the hand of justice for his iniquities, and could not plead any previous goodness of his own. But at this hour his heart was softened and renewed: he repented, be- lieved, and received the full forgiveness of his sins. Thus one was taken, and another left. Who shall * Psal. xxii. 7, 8. + Isa. lili. 12. MM3 402 SCRIFTURE CHARACTERS presume to find fault? For who has any claim upon God? or who shall dare to say, that He may not — extend his pardoning mercy to what. objects, and in what circumstances, He pleases? i Many attempts have been made to obscure the glory of divine grace in the conversion of the dying thief; as if the example were of a dangerous tend- ency. But, if we attend to it with godly simplicity, we shall find it replete with instruction. It is a striking exhibition of the character of the Saviour, and of the triumph of his cross. It confirms and illustrates the peculiar doctrine of the Gospel, that men are justified in the sight of God, uot by their own obedience, but freely through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. The case is recorded for the encouragement of those ‘ who are ready to perish,” and stands as an incontestable proof that none need despair of acceptance who look unto Jesus, even though life itself be drawing to a close. If any will abuse it, this must be to themselves; and doubtless by such a conduct they will aggravate their guilt and condemnation. The penitence and faith of this malefactor were conspicuous. The grace of God changed and sane- tified his heart, while the blood of Christ, then stream- ing from the cross, expiated all his guilt. He re- proved his fellow-criminal for his daring contempt of the Saviour, and warned him to consider his danger: he frankly confessed his own iniquity, and the justice ~ of that sentence by which he suffered: he vindicated the character of Jesus, when there were none to plead his cause: he believed on him for pardon and sal- vation, in that lowest degree of abasement: he prayed to him as the Lord of life, who was about to take his seat on the throne of glory, and who had heaven itself at his disposal: he said, “ Lord, remem- ber me when thou comest into thy kingdom!” Good evidence, then, was given of his dying conyert’s . JESUS CHRIST. — 403 sincerity ; and, though his religion was of a sudden growth, it was solid and vigorous; and, had he been spared, doubtless the most excellent fruits would have been seen in his future obedience. Our gra- cious Lord listened to his cry, immediately testified his own favourable acceptance, and assured him that he should be with him, that very day, in an exalted state of purity and happiness. ; How rich and extensive is the mercy of our God in Christ! The case before us will furnish us with a strong argument against despair: but let it not be abused for the purposes of vain confidence and pre- sumption. : Though one of these malefactors was, in- deed, “a brand plucked out of the fire *,” yet it should be remembered that the other, who appeared equally within-reach of salvation, perished for ever. O, fear, lest, while Jesus comes nigh to you in the ministry of his word, and many experience its in- estimable benefit, you yourselves should be destroyed “in unbelief ! The cross was surrounded by an insulting multi- tude: but there were, also, some friends, and certain pious women, especially, who stood near our Lord +. These attracted his notice in the midst of his suffer- ings, and, as he remarked among them his dear mother, he now paid to her the last tribute of filial duty and affection. Not having worldly possessions to leave, he committed her to the care and protec- tion of John, his beloved disciple, who was likewise present. How tender the address to her, “ Woman, behold thy son!” How honourable the charge to him, “ Behold thy mother !” Whilst Jesus remained on the cross, in a state of extreme torture, a miraculous darkness commenced, about mid-day, which continued for three hours, and extended over the whole Jand. Such an event must * Zech. iii. 2. + Matt. xxvii. 45, &c. Maik xv283, &c. Luke xxiii. 44, &. John xix, 25, &c. 404 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. have produced a general consternation; and it was descriptive of the inexpressible horror which almost overwhelmed the Son of God. How astonishing, on that occasion, the complaint of the holy Sufferer! The agony of his mind, it should seem, exceeded the sharpest pains which he felt from the piercing of his body. The light of his Father's countenance being withdrawn, he lost all inward consolation, and was oppressed, even as in Gethsemane, with anguish and terror beyond conception. In consequence of this he uttered that loud and bitter ery, “ My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?” Yet, strange as the exclamation was, we know it was expressly pre- dicted *. : It were absurd to ascribe this effect to any ground- less apprehensions, weakness, or timidity of spirit, or to seek for any other cause than the office which Jesus then sustained as our High-Priest, making atonement for our transgressions. We behold, there- fore, the deep malignity of sin, in the desertion here spoken of, as well as in every other part of his pas- ~ sion. How great his distress was we pretend not to calculate. Those who lie down in absolute despair, or the miserable souls who are shut up in a state of darkness and horror for ever, can best tell what it is to be forsaken of God. But, since we all are exposed to the attacks of Satan, and may at any moment be filled with anguish and dismay, under a sense of the divine displeasure, it will be proper to pray that the great God may not thus leave us to be terrified and confounded, especially at the solemn season of our departure. How suitable is that petition in our Burial Service, “‘ Spare us, Lord most holy, O God most mighty,.O holy and merciful Saviour, thou most worthy Judge eternal, suffer us not at our last hour for any pains of death to fall frem thee!” . Did not the expressions of our Lord’s distress * Psal. xxii, 1. ; JESUS CHRIST. 405 move the compassion of his enemies? No: they turned his lamentation into ridicule ; as if, when he cried “Eli, Eli, lama sabacthani,” he had been calling for Elijah. It was therefore proposed, with a contemptuous sneer, that he might wait for that Prophet to deliver him. Such were the blindness and obduracy of their hearts ! One more prophecy remained to be fulfilled ; and, with a view to its completion, Jesus exclaimed, “I thirst.” Let us hear what the Psalmist wrote of the distress and anguish of his Lord and Antitype, and mark the circumstantial prediction, in which he de- scribed a method of insult, and a practice of cruelty, unusual and unheard of. “ My strength is dried up like a potsherd ; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws ; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death.” “They gave me gall for my meat, and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink*.” The Gospel nar- rative proves that this was exactly fulfilled in the history of the Saviour. When he complained of the burning feverish heat, with which he was parched through the excess of his anguish, no re- freshing draught was offered him, to assuage his pain; but the nauseous potion which had been foretold was administered. He was denied the com- mon succour, which is never refused to an enemy in distress: though racked with torture, he was treated with every species of insult. We hasten to the close of his sufferings, and pro- ceed to consider the manner in which he expired. Death was not the necessary consequence of cruci- fixion. He might have come down from the cross, or even retained his life there. No strength or violence of his enemies could have prevailed against his own choice. “ No man,” said he, “taketh my life from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it againt.” But * Psal. xxii. 15. xix. 1 7+ John x. 18, 406 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. it had been appointed and declared from the he- ginning that Messiah should redeem the church by the sacrifice of himself. The typical oblations, as well as various prophecies, had given intimations that “ without shedding of blood is no remission *.” Jesus, therefore, assumed our nature for this end, that he might die, and “bear our sins in his own body on the treet.” Anxiously attentive to the completion of the sacred oracles, in all things pertaining to himself, he would not be released from that state of anguish till he knew that every tittle was fulfilled: and thus he has laid a sure foundation for our hope and comfort. This object being attained, he cried, as if exulting in the great work he had accomplished, “ It is finished ;” — “all the important purposes of my incarnation are now answered ; the glory of God and the salvation of my people are secured; and here I close my suf- ferings.” His strength was not even then exhausted: his voice, in his last departing words, was as one in full tone and vigour. That he might teach us to leave the world, maintaining faith and joy in God, he said, “Father, into thy hands I commend my Spirit’— «I intrust it to thy care, in. cheerful dependence on thy truth and love, and in confident expectation of its reunion with the body.” Having thus spoken, he bowed his head, and surrendered the life which he had the power of retaining. Such a power, indeed, we do not possess. Our breath will be taken from us; whereas, he resigned up his. In the act of quitting his abode on earth, as well as during the whole of his continuance here, he yielded a pure and unconstrained obedience to God. What a momentous event was this! Such as had never before occurred. The Lord God, therefore, that he might glorify his Son Jesus, rendered his de- * Heb. ix. 22. + 1 Pet. ii. 24. | JESUS CHRIST. 407 parture memorable by a train of miracles, and, as it were, arrested the attention of a careless world. All nature appeared in consternation when the Lord of nature died. _The sun withdrew his light, and thus afforded an emblem that the grand Luminary of mankind was removed. The vail of the temple, or the sacred curtain which separated the holy of holies, and forbad the access of common worshippers, was instantly torn asunder, intimating that the Mosaic dispensation was abolished, that heaven itself was opened, and liberty obtained to approach into the immediate presence of God. The earth shook by a violent convulsion, and the massy rocks were . cleft by a supernatural force; and were not these prodigies suited to excite an alarm on account of the atrocious deed which had been perpetrated? The neighbouring sepulchres, also, suddenly dis- closed their gloomy mansions to the public view : from the graves, then opened, the bodies of many de- parted saints arose, after the resurrection of Jesus, and appeared in Jerusalem. In such a signal manner it was proclaimed that our crucified Lerd had van-~ quished death, and ransomed his people from the power of the grave. Notwithstanding these surprising miracles, many remained thoughtless and obdurate. But there were others of the spectators, whose minds were deeply impressed with grief and terror. The centurion, especially, who attended with his band of soldiers to guard the execution, felt and acknowledged a strong conviction that Jesus was indeed the Son of God. Ah! why does not that conviction force itself upon us all? And why does not this astonishing narration produce in us better and more lasting effects ? The reality of the death of Christ, on which our hopes are grounded, was proved indisputably by his enemies. The Jews from their pretended regard to the sabbath, which was. then approaching, requested 408 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. of Pilate that the bodies hanging on the cross might be removed, and that their legs might be broken, for the purpose of despatching them the sooner. But, Jesus having already expired, that act of violence was not committed upon him. Thus the divine wisdom had appointed, according to the typical representation of the paschal lamb, that a bone of him should not be broken *. The important fact was further evinced by the brutal rage of one of the soldiers, who struck a spear into his side, and pierced him to the very heart. Had life remained, that wound must have been mortal ; for immediately there issued out blood and water, which flowed from the vital parts. This circumstance, on which the Evangelist strongly in- sists, was not only a proof of the Saviour’s death, but an emblem of the blessings which we derive from that event. He “came by water and bloodt;” the water denoting the purifying grace of his Spirit, and the blood the expiation of our guilt. The two must be united, “ not water only, but water and blood ;” and both are communicated from the crucified Re- deemer. You, who perceive your defilement, behold with gratitude and joy the remedy provided. See that stream which proceeds from the pierced side of Jesus, and pray that you may experience its full effi- cacy. It is “the fountain opened for sin and for un- cleanness }.” , Jesus, then, is “set forth to be a propitiation, through faith in his blood§;” and by this expedient’ God determined to display his own righteous cha- racter, and vindicate the honour of his government. Now it appears that he is “just,” and yet “the justifier of him who believeth in Jesus ||.” The atone- ment here exhibited furnishes the awakened penitent with such a plea as may encourage him to approach to God with confidence and joy. At the same time * Exod. xii. 46, 41 John v. 6. + Zech. xiii, 11, ¢ Rom. iii. 25. || 26. Gv. ll. JESUS CHRIST. 409 it will subdue in his heart the love and power of sin, and teach him to live in all holy obedience*. The cross of Christ, therefore, produces the most blessed consequences, and constitutes the very essence of our religion. Whoever may oppose or deride, it must be continually held up to view; and those who under- stand its worth, and feel its efficacy, will always con- template the object with wonder, love, and praise. ‘To them it will ever appear as “the power of God, and the wisdom of Godt.” It will impress their minds with a sense of their high obligations, and ex- cite them to active exertions in the service of God. They will say, with the Apostle, “We thus judge, that, if one died for all, then were all dead ; and that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them f.” > The sequel of the history directs our attention to the lifeless body of our Redeemer. He had been de- livered to the Romans to be crucified, and according to their custom, probably, would not have been interred. But how then would the Scriptures have been fulfilled? For our Lord himself had predicted, that, by his sepulture “in the heart of the earth,” he should exactly correspond to the type exhibited in Jonas§. The same thing, also, was implied in that declaration of Messiah by the royal Psalmist, «My flesh shall rest in hope||.” Now, the Jews were the means of giving this additional evidence to the character of Jesus, by petitioning for his burial. Yet, in order to complete a particular prophecy, another difficulty was to be removed. For, if buried at all, why should he not lie with the two thieves, in the place appropriated to the interment of male- factors? This, it should seem, was designed. But Isaiah had foretold, that, though “his grave was ap- *Col.i 21,92. +1 Cor. i. 24. +2 Cor. v. 14, 15. § Matt. xii. 40. || Psal. xvi. 9. VOL. IV. NWN 410 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. pointed with the wicked, with the rich man should be his tomb*.” Here then we perceive and admire the sovereign providence of God, accomplishing his own purposes. A person of opulence, rank, and reputation, Joseph of Arimathea, was not afraid or ashamed to appear as an advocate for Jesus in that state of greatest in- famy, though he never before had the courage to avow the attachment which he felt. He requested of Pilate, that the body might be left to his care ; which being granted, he took it down from the cross, and bound it up in clean linen. Nicodemus, also, of the same honourable situation in life, and of a si- milar disposition, having prepared spices and oint- ments for embalming the corpse, came and assisted in the pious work. These two, therefore, with all suitable respect and solemnity, committed Jesus to a tomb, which was Joseph’s property, a perfectly new sepulchre, hewn out of the rock, and not far from the place of crucifixion. Thus “He, who was too poor to provide a sepulchre for himself, was honour- ably interred at the expense of the richt.”, They probably understood not the importance of this action, to which they were led by a divine influence: but we should adore that wisdom, which overrules all events, and brings to pass the most unlikely things for the completion of the Scriptures. " The entrance into the cave where Jesus lay was secured by a large massy stone. The women who at- tended him at the cross followed him with weeping eyes to the grave, and took particular notice of the place, and manner of his burial. All these cir- cumstances occurred on the Friday. The next day was the sabbath, or the season of holy rest: but, even then, the adversaries of Jesus ceased not from their malicious exertions. Not yet convinced by the mi- * Tsa. iii. 9. Bishop Lowth’s translation. + Bishop Chandler's Defence of Christianity. Sce also Bishop Pearson on the Creed. JESUS CHRIST. ALLE racles they had seen, nor satisfied with what their rage had inflicted, the Jewish leaders went to Pilate, and, having reproached the Saviour as a base impos- tor, desired that the sepulchre might be properly se- cured. They alleged that peculiar care was requisite till the third day, lest his disciples should steal the body, and assert that he had risen from the dead, ac- cording to his prediction. Their request was granted ; and therefore, to prevent any such fraud as they suspected, they sealed up the door of the cave, and placed a guard upon the spot. How malignant the tempers of these opposers of Christ, who pursued him with their virulent re- proaches even to the grave! Alas! what vile affec- tions mark and disgrace the degenerate nature of man! Their invidious precautions, however, tended to his glory and their confusion ; for it appeared from their testimony, that Jesus had expressly foretold his own resurrection: and they took the most effectual method to prove indisputably not only that he was dead and buried, but also that “he rose again the third day, according to the Scriptures*.” Thus will the subtle devices and malicious efforts of our enemies . concur to promote “the furtherance of the Gospel.” The faithful servants of Christ have no reason to dread “ what man can do against them.” While we accompany Jesus to the grave, let us re= flect on our own approaching dissolution, and the gloomy habitation to which our breathless bodies will be consigned. We must be committed to the ground; . but_how unlike to Jesus, who “saw no corruption !” We must turn “earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dustt.” Yet, if believers, we may smile under this expectation. The burial of Jesus will reconcile us to our own, and teach us to think of it with delight. We should desire to be conformed to our exalted *1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. + Burial Service. 412 SCRIPTURE CHARACTERS. Head ; and we may conclude that our flesh, also, shall “ rest in hope.” But this is an unpleasant and offensive subject to you, whose attention is fixed on present things and sensual enjoyments. Yet we entreat you to consider what will become of those delicate bodies, which you adorn and pamper with so much care and expense. Think where your pride and luxury must end, bloom- ing and vigorous as you may now be. Pray, that, “by continually mortifying your corrupt affections, you may be buried with Christ*;” and then you may rejoice in confidence, that, “though after your skin worms destroy this body, yet in your flesh you shall see God, whom you shall see for yourself, and your eyes shall behold, and not another t.” * Collect for Easter Even. + Job xix. 26, 27. END OF VOL. IV. LONDON: a FRINTED BY THOMAS DAVISON, WHITEVRIARS, Date Due Div.8. 220.92 RG6658| vwy4 132925 a gua