A BRILLIANT SHOWING 1880-84. hee Th TSS ‘OTTON SPINNING MORE THAN DOUBLED. _ Manufactures Rise from. $16,000,000. to | ; ; | $33,000,000. : COMPILED: FOR AND PUBLISHED BY THS NEaEws AND COURIER, CHARLESTON, Stennis SOUTH CAROLINA IN 188d. A View of the Industrial Life of the State. MANUFACTURES, AGRICULTURE, MINING. Efficiency of Colored Labor—The Whites and Negroes as Farmers. MILLIONS IN PHOSPHATES. A BRILLIANT SHOWING 1880-s4. Cotton Spmming More than Doubled —Manufactures Rise from $16,000,000 to $33,000,000. LUMBER AND NAVAL STORES. Eacu County Speaks ror Itsetr—Errects or Some NoraBiE Laws—Tue Consonipatep Ovrcome or INTELLIGENT Entrerprise—Aw Exuisir tHat witt AstTonisu THE Nortu, Encouracs THE SourH anpD Make Home Forks Exvttr. Tue News AND Courter Book PRESSES, CHa 1884. \ Bt. | - * gi Wit ya? j Cad} (i fr ae’ , » . - « grt i ay te L SO Prot a . . ‘ . T hile Bana. Col SOUTH CAROLINA IN 1884. Pee Ww OF THE. INDUSTRIAL LIFE OF THE Seer By: Much has been written and said con- cerning the progress of South Carolina in agriculture and manufactures in the last fifteen vears, and particularly since 1876, but no great pains appeared to have been taken, inany quarter, to obtain trust- worthy information from which could be derived a just and complete view of the State in every phase of agricul- tural and industrial life. THE NEwsS AND COURIER, therefore, determined last autumn to prepare for the State at large a a report similar to that which, in September each year, gives the reading publica thorough knowledge of the position and progress of Charleston. There were many difficulties in the way, but, one by one, these were over- come with the aid of zealous and efficieat co-laborers in the different counties. The report is completed, at last, and SouTH CARO- LINA IN 1884, in manufactures, mining and agriculture is presented to the public in the State and the Union. The report shows the number and kind of manufacturing establishments in each county, with their capital and the value of their product, and the number of persons employed, white and colored; the number of cotton mills, with full particulars as to capacity, product and profit, and similar in- formation with regard to flour, grist and rice mills and foundries and machine shops. In every instance the amount of capital em- ployed in the particular class of manufac- tures is given, as well as the number of per- sons employed and the value of the manu- factured product. Similar information is fur- nished concerning lumber and naval stores. All this is given in the county reports, which contain also a description of the mines and quarries with their situation and the value of the product. The reader will note, also, the number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements in each county, and the number of head o! improved cattle. The county reports give, likewise, an estimate of the comparative efficiency of colored labor, the supply of colored labor, the proportion of field work done by white people, the rate o wages paid and the system of labor in gene- ral operation. The cost of producing cotton is shown, and the condition of colored farmers as land-owners and as tenants is de- scribed. The number of foreign-born white immigrants in each county is reported, to- gether with the rate of wages paid them and their condition and prospects as laborers and land-owners. The effect of the Lien law and Stock law and the Prohibition law is also sketched. In addition to the separate reports from the counties, THE NEWS AND COURIER gives a condensed statement of the manufactures for each county and a general statement for the whole State. There is, in addition,a complete history of the rise, progress and con- dition of phosphate mining and manufac- turing in the State. Tabularstatements show succinctly the extent of the cotton manufac- tures in theState, and theextentand value of the lumber and naval stores business, &c. The results are compared with the amounts, in each case, reported in the United States Census of 1880. A brief statement of the agricultural condition of the State, with the farming outlook, rounds off the picture. The result is far more flattering, far more encouraging, than could have been hoped for, or dreamed of. In manufactures, in lumber and naval stores, the growth of the State is nothing less than marvellous since 1880. For the particulars the reader is re- . ferred to the detailed reports. The general summary will be found at the end. ee ge CONDITION OF THE COUNTIES. cb fe nS Manufactures, Agriculture and Labor— Charleston. MANUFACTURES. 1. The whole number and kind of manu- facturing establishments in the county, 374. Amount of capital employed, $6,315,570. Value of annual product, $9,865,900. Number of persons employed, white males 2,703, white females 663; colored males 3,573, colored females none. 2. Number of cotton mills, 1. Charleston Manufacturing Company. tion of mill, Charleston City. ployed, $500,000. Consumption of cotton in pounds annually, 3,250,000; product per annum, giving num- ber of pounds of yarn and yards of cloth sep- Name, . Loca- Capital em- arately, 1,500,000 pounds of 8,000,000 yards of cloth. Number of spindles in operation, 15,000; number of looms in operation, 312. Water | or steam power, with amount of horse power: Steam—500 horse power. Increase or decrease in last twelve months: | Only running a year. / Number of hands employed, 400—white 400, colored none. Number and names of cotton course of construction, none. } 3. Number of flour, grist and rice mills: | * Four rice mills and 14 flour and grist mills. | Location, Charleston City. Number of hands employed, 367—white 73, colored 294. Capital employed, $523,400. annual product, $1,469,500. / Classes of product: Clean rice, rice-flour, | grist, pearl grist, bran, cornmeal and corn- | flour. | Average rate of tollor money charged per | bushel of corn or rice: For rice the most popular method is for the owner of the rice to pay 5 per cent. toll in money and take the whole rice and middling rice, giving the mill the small rice and flour as part toll. For corn one-eighth either in money or product is charged as toll by the mills. Water or steam power used: Steam. Percentage of net profit, from 10 to 25 per cent. What increase or decrease in the busi- ness in last twelve months: Increase of 10 | per cent, in the rice mills and 15 per cent. in the grist mills. 4. Foundries and machine shops—num- ber of establishments: Seventeen, including | blacksmith shops. Location, Charleston City. Number of hands employed 450—white saree colored 60. | Capital employed, $410,000. Value of an- nual product, $490,000, Horse power used, 150-horse power, steam. Percentage of net. profit, from 10 to 25 per cent. What increase or decrease in the busi- ness in a small in- crease. 5. Lumber mills—number of mills, 12. Location, Charleston City. Number of bands employed, 415 white, 41 colored—total 374. Number of horses and | mules employed, 50 mules and horses. | Capital employed, $325,000. Value of | annual product, $800,000. || Class of machinery used, the latest modern improved machinery. Water or steam power | used, steam. Amountof horse power used, | 600 horse power. ) Percentage or net profit, 10 to 20 per cent. | Increase or decrease in the business in the | last twelve months: Increase of 15 per cent. During the year the mills increased their capacity 20,000,000 feet which is equivalent | in money value to $300,000. | 6. Turpentine stills, &ec.: Number of es- | tablishments, 1. Location, near Magnolia | avenue. 1] Number of hands employed 2, white 1, col- ored 1. Capital gmploy ed, $1,500; value of annual product, $2,500. Annual out-turn of spirits turpentine 125 casks, average value $1,800; rosin 400. bar- rels, average value $700; tar and pitch none. Percentage of net profit 20 per cent. In- crease or decrease in the business in the last | twelve months, 10 per cent. increase. |} Under the head of “Other Manufactories” | the following table is given as being the | most concise way of showing the condition | of the numerous manufacturing establish- | ments in the County of Charleston, and in | the table are given statistics relatiag to some yarn and mills in Value of last twelve months, \ of the manufactories already described in detail in order that the totals may represent. the entire manufacturing industry of the county: CLASS OF MANUFACTURE, Cotton factory.. Bagging fac’ry. Fertilizers........ Rice mills........ Founderies and Machine BHOPSi ns. sacsane Building mate- rialand Lam- ber mills........) Ship and Boat building........) Candy fact’ries Beer breweries Job printing & newspapers Carriages and Flour, grist, Cigars and to- DECCAN sc sasescves Concrete ing..... Solsrvcgnsscbee Shirts and un-, derwear.. Marble and Axle grease Bakeries .. : Mechanics Number of establish- MODUS... ..ssereeesee seeeeees — “I (proprietors)..) 105 Number Increase of or Hands. Decrease any jin past twelve $| 2 =|8 months, = |S 400) ...... ../new enterprise. ye 2% p.c.increase. 255| +700 10 p.c. increase. 60) 175 none. 39) 60 slight increase. 41 sralis p. c. increase. 30) +9 none. Coley 25 p. c. inerease. 2 5 noue. : 100} 12010 p. c. increase. 40; 38 none. 32) 100 10 p.c. increase. 2%) 15 none. 2 none. 40} 15 none. 5).......6 none, 40) 25\5 p. c. increase. { 100 none. 17} 2l)/none. eee none. 100; 40:10 p. c. increase. a Street car re-) A 9 5 PAITS......-.-.0002 none. Men’s clothing, 9) 35 44/10 p.c. increase. Furniture ........ | 3} 4| 5 p.c. increase. Lock and gun- smithing.... | 6 | none. Paper hanging and painting.) 20} 90) 50/10 p.e. increase Photographing) 5) I1)....... none, Engraving........ 2 Olas none, Plumbing and / gas & steam TEUOLE 5530. con 0 25) 17 none. | Tin, sheet iron’ and copper..... 10) 25) 18 none, ae secats ‘7} 20) 29inone. Watch & clock makers........... ys | ) 5 p.c. increase. Cotton-see MB pci! ale : a 50 20 p.c. increase. ag factory 1 quieate none. Barrel factory... 1 2 25 new enterprise. Electric light... 1) & 3) 14 p.c. increase. Gas works........ 1; 40 10none. tee ae : 3 110 : SGUIIAE...c cacceches p. c. inerease. Miscellaneous. 4 15 10 none. Total... | 374 330818,576 =} Sr. 2 ae tet ~~ 7 CLASS OF MANUFACTURE.) 32 eng ; ae p= (fa pS 4 Og Sak ; ® ma @otton factory........-.-...-....- $ 500,000) $ 820,000 ing factory 2 300,000 400,000 Fertilizers 00! 2,000 ce mills 000 Founderies and machine MNPIRGIDS 2 -0-0.202-0n-cccersseneneseee-o- 000 Building material and 4 Silamber mills...................- 325,000} 800,000 Ship and boat building 20,000} 200,000 Candy factories..... 19,555 95,000 Beer breweries........... 50,000 80,000 Job printing & newspapers} — 250,000 300,000 Carriages and wagons....... 41,315) 100,000 F our, grist, &c.......... 63,400 157,500 Cigars and tobacco. 42,000} 145,000 Concrete piping..... 3,000 8,000 Harness and saddler 41,500 97,500 Shirts and underwear 5,000 15,000 Marble and granite.. 45,000 110,000 Soda water factori 33,000 78,000 Boots and shoes.. 11,000 22,000) Axle grease... §,500 17,000 BEHICEVICS ..cc.scc050saccscescseeee 56,000) 398,000 Mechanics (proprietors) 190,000; 450,000 Street car repairs 7,000 17,000 Men’s clothIng.... 68,000 92,000 FPurniture............. 27,000 40,000 Lock and gunsmithing...... 9,000) 12,500 Paperhanging & painting.. 17,000: 48,000 Photographing ..................5 10,500 29,800 SET PSTN ook cckesarcecuccce=cccece 6,000 4,500 Plumbing and gas and Steam fitting..................00 69,500 90,000 Tin, sheet iron and copper 39,000 57,600 ep aolcterin eivenecestrsenedined 37,000 53.000 Watch and clock makers... 27,300 29,000 Cotton-seed oil factory ,000} = 135,000 Bag factory.= 50,000; 130,000 Barrel factory 25,000 75,000 Electric light. 80,000 50,000 Gas works...... aaa 375,000 200,000 Turpentine stills 1,500 2,500 Miscellaneous 2,000 3,000 Reba Nees, Ae reteeeta nok eee seen $6,315,570 $9,865,900 MINEs. Other than phosphate mines, (specially re- ported elsewhere,) none. AGRICULTURE. In preparing a statistical sketch of the agri- cultural interests of Charleston County it is necessary to divide the county into two parts and to treat of each part separately. Charles- ton County as it now is, since the establish- ment of Berkeley, contains, comparatively : Beoking, very little arable land. In fact the agriculture of the county is confined to ames Island, on the south of the city, and harleston Neck, on the north of the city. On the Neck the products are practically con- fined exclusively to fruits and vegetables, and on James Island sea-island long staple cotton is the only product of consequence. 1. The number and kind of improved agri- cultural implements in use in the county, Such as sowers, reapers, sulky ploughs, guano ‘distributors, harrows, stump pullers, &c.? On the Neck there are 12 sowers, 10 reapers, 5 horse rakes, 60 guano distributors, 100 _harrows, 3 sulky ploughs. On James Island there are 3 reapers and mowers, 3 horse _rakes, 3 guano distributors, 4 sowers and 8 harrows. Number of steam engines in use on farms, ‘ 5 Ayrshire, and their horse-power? On the Neck there are 4 steam engines averaging 10 horse- power each andon James Island there are 10 steam engines aggregating 81 _ horse- power. 2. Number of head of improved stock, principally sheepand cattle in the county, and what breeds are most highly thought of? There are in the city and on the Neck 1,600 head of cattle, 140 of which are grade 38 Ayrshire and short horn crossbred, 16 thoroughbred Jerseys, also a few Jersey grades and 23 registered Hol- steins owned by Mr. H. F. W. Breuer. There are no sheepin the city or on the Neck of any consequence outside of butcher stock. As milk producers the Ayrshire are well thought of, but it is contended by experts that as soon as the merits of the Holstein cattle are fully known they will take the lead, as their capacity for producing fine milk and butteris unrivalled by any other breed in the world. On James Island there are 200 sheep, Southdown and Broad-tail breeds. There are also 500 cows. The Ayrshire breed is preferred. 3. What is the efficiency of the colored laboras compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? Onthe Neck the labor is fairly efficient. In the fall and spring itis scarce. Fully as efficient as last year; more efficient than five years ago. On James Island the labor is as efficient as last year and more so than five years ago, in- asmuch as the negro is now settled and less changeable. 4. What is the supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years | ago? On the Neck supply more than equal to demand in summer and winter. Less than equal to demand in fall and spring. Supply about same as last year. Less in pro- portion to demand than five years ago. On James Island supply of labor about equals demand and about equals that of five years ago. Only one crop Known to be lost by grass in that period. 5. What proportion of the field labor is white and what proportion is colored? On James Island field labor is all colored. On the Neck one-fifth of the labor is white, in- cluding farmer proprietors, who work them- selves. 6. What number of hours constitute a full day’s work on farms? On the Neck ten hours; on James Island about nine hours. 7. What are the wages paid to male and female farm laborers? On the Neck 75 cents Ber day for men and 50cents for women. n James Island $10 a month and rations; females seldom hired by month, wages 50 cents per day when hired by day. 8. Do women and children, white or col- ored, work in the fields, and to what extent? On the Neck colored women and children work in fields to large extent. Very few white females. On James Island they work in fields, but mainly in harvest time. 9. What system of labor is most in use in the county? Contract labor, where wages are paid, or day’s labor, where the use of land is given for services rendered? What are the terms where money is paid? On the Neck, above the city, labor isalmost entirely paid by day’s wages. On James Island every plantation has some hands hired by the month, but a large proportion of the labor is hired by the year, where a house and gen- erally four or five acres of land are given for two days’ labor in week for ten montas of the ear. 10. What is the estimated average cost of producing merchantable long staple cotton per pound, and per bale of 300 pounds? 20 cents per pound ona basis of 300 pounds to the acre. 11. What percentage of this cost is in- volved in the raising, what percentage in nicking, and what percentage in ginning? | ent, supervision, &c., $10 an acre, Manures $18, labor $11, picking $12, ginning $9. 12. What is the number and what is the / acreage of the farms worked exclusively by white men, and how do they succeed? On James Island there are none. 21 farms, ag- gregating 6,000 acres, under white super- vision, have, with few exceptions, been re- munerative. . On the Neck there are 2,587 acres of arable land, of which 1,429 acres are cultivated for the production of fruits and garden vegeta- bles. There are 157 owners of farms, which range in size from 2 acres up to 387 acres. About one dozen farms worked exclusively by whites with satisfactory results. 13. What is the number, and what is the acreage of the farms worked exclusively by colored men, and how do they succeed? On James Island 16, aggregating 5,500 acres in farms, of 10 to 20 acres. They are increas- ing their home comforts. n the Neck there are 19 farms, aggre- gating 396 acres. They succeed admirably, especially in strawberries and early vegeta- bles The Noisettes invariably win the rizes at the agricultural fairs for their erries. 14. What is the condition of the colored farmers as landowners, and as tenants? On James Island some have bought lard. They own about 1,200 acres, say about 10 per cent. of the whole acreage. On the Neck there are few landowners, but many reliable tenants and improving their financial condition. The negroes cultivate 1-10th of the whole acreage. “#15. Are colored farmers making progress, Saving money, and acquiring land? Both on the Neck and on James Island the answer || to this question is, yes. 16. What is the number of foreign-born white immigrants in the county—giving their nationalty, the average rate of wages paid to them as laborers, and their condition | and prospects as laborers and landowners? These are confined almost exclusively to James Island, where there are 13—10 Ger- mans, 1 Irishman, 1 Pole and 1 Frenchman. One Frenchman and 3 Germans keep stores. Others are used about premises attending stock, &c., also in ditching, but not as cotton growers. 17. The operation of the Stock law—what is its effect in reducing expenses and _im- proving stock, or otherwise? On the Neck the law affords great saving in cost of farm- ing, owing to the large number of small farms. Stock already considerably im- proved. On James Island the law has been in operation since 1866, and the people would not have it changed under any cir- cumstances. 18. The Lien law—what is its effect on the whites and on the colored people, on farm- ersand merchants? It works well in the fruit and vegetable interests. On James Island, it enables many colored farmers to borrow money who would otherwise have no credit, and perhaps enables some whites to do the same, butas it facilitates the raising of money and supplies it retards accumulation and causes more attention to cotton than to home supplies. 19. The Prohibition law—what is its work- ing, and good or bad effect, and is it generally observed and enforced? The provisions of ! | 335,000 pounds. | not’ given. Spindles in operation, | is violated without punishmen | license. | delivery; 850 bags ginned that will exhibit the liquor law are generally storekeepers all over the county the la timent of the people is in fayor of a hig! 20. The quantity and kind of land for s: in the county, with its character and ave price per acte? On the Neck there is little ¢ no land for sale. Prices for arable land rani from $100 to $1,000 an aoe Se ee location and quality. OnJames Island the is no land for sale. 21. The number of cotton in the coun ty—their costand their maximum and ave! age out-turn per day; the average dista from which seed cotton is hauled to the gin the charges for ginning, and the number ¢ bales ginned annually; the humber “Cleaners” used in connection with the gi and what is thought of their effect in roving the grade of the cotton, and incre ng the life of the gins? The cotton gins al confined to James Island, where there a ing 400 pounds lint per gin a day. hauled, average 2 miles. Cost of $10 a bag, including anes bagging ani this year. On estions or informatio e agricultural, manufé turing and social condition of the coun and indicate what are its immediate neces ties and in what direction lies the stronge hope of its rapid and permanent improv ment: The agricultural prospects of the count are good. Fruit and vegetable farming h steadily increased on the Neck, as the fo lowing comparative statement of the yield in 1881, 1882 and 1883 will show: 1881. 1882. 1883. Berries.......qts...442,378 450,680 708,47 Potatoes...bbls... 21,880 45,349 51,46 Vegetables.pkgs 47,115 62,333 Melons :..ic..e50 16,304 40,000 The agricultural condition of James Isla has also steadily improved from year year, the yield per acre of long See bein vastly increased by the adoption of unde! drainage and improved methods and imp! ments. two cleaners in use. 22. Remarks, su LY Sumter County. MANUFACTURES, 1. Number and kind of manufacturing e tablishments: Cotton mills ¥%, flour an grist mills 73, lumber mills 31, turpentin establishments 10; total establishments 11 603. 2. Number of cotton mills, one. Na Belmont Manufacturing Company. tion, Sumter, S. , Capi e $60,000. Pounds of cotton consume ally, 385,000 pounds—770 bales of 5 pounds weight. Product per annum, yar Percentage of net Me ’ s Water or steam-power, with amount of hors power, steam, 75 horse-power. Increase ¢ decrease in last twelve months, nothin stated. Number of hands employed, There are no cotton mills in course of co! struction, &c., in the county. 3. Number of flourand grist mills, grist Names and locations, not given, Number hands employed; Whites 50, colored 1 total 165. Capital employed, $130,000. Val of annual product, $400,000, Class of p duct, meal and grist of good quality. Ave- rage toll, one-eighth. Water or steam power, water 28, steam 45. Percentage and net profit, 10 per cent. : 4, Foundries and machine shops, none proper. _ 5. Lumber mills, number, &c., 31. Loca- tion, names, &c., not given. Number of hands, owed Whites 150, colored 200; total 350, umber of horses and mules, 200. Capital employed, $150,000. Value of an- nuai product, $200,000. Class of machinery, “modern improved. Water or steam power, mostly steam. Amount of horse power used, profit, 10 per cent. Increase of business _ within the year, 25 per cent. _ 6. Turpentine stills, &¢: Number of estab- lishments, 10. Location, &¢c., not given. Number of hands employed: Whites 25, colored 125: total 150. Capital employed, 10,000. Value of annual product, $15,000. nnual outturn, Spirits turpentine 600 barrels, rosin 3,000 barrels. Percentage of et profit, 20 per cent. What increase or not n year, decrease 25 per cent. 7. Other manufactories, brickmaking to a limited extent. ) MINES. 1. Number of mines in the county, none. _ 2. Number of quarries, one. Name and _ proprietor, Estate James Caldwell. Ye AGRICULTURE. - 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Sowers 6, reapers 20, “sulky ploughs 3, guano distributors 500, harrows 100; total 629. Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse- ower 40, average horse-power 25; total 1,000 horse power. 2. Head of improved stock? Ayrshire and _ Jersey cattle lately introduced. Jerseys more highly esteemed. _ 38. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and with its efficiency five years ago? As good aslast year and far bet- ter than five years ago. _ 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with supply and de- mand last year and five years ago? Demand greater than supply. Same last year. Sup- ply better than five years ago. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm hite 15 per cent., colored 85 per labor? cent. _ 6. Number and hours to fullday’s farm work? Nine. _ 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers? $6 and $5 a month with rations, and generally extra land to plant from two _to five acres per hand. _ 8. Extent of farm work done by women and children, white and colored? Very jew Whites do any farm work. Colored women and colored children over 10 years ofage do work. 9. System of labor most in use? Contract labor where wages are paid, or day’s labor where the use of land is given for service “rendered. Contract labor, wages as above, and where wages exclusively $75 to a $100 a year and rations. __ 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? Hight centsa pound, and $40 to 500 pound bale: _ 11. Percentage of thiscost involved in raising, picking and ginning? Raising 75 per cent., picking 19 per cent. and ginning 6 per cent. ‘ _ 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and with what suc- cess? Very few in county; do not know of average 25; total 775. Percentage of net: but one (A. C. Durant,) and he is succeeding, using native whites as laborers. 13 Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and with what success? Number of farms 1,000; acres 50,000. As an independent farmer (without supervision and assistance from white men) the negro is a failure, with few exceptions. , ' 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled or directed by and worked either exclusively with colored labor or by white and colored, and how they succeed? Num- ber of farms 2,000, acres 200,000. They suc- ceed moderately well. The negroes are good farm laborers, and were it not for the fact that the farmer has lost in a measure the control of the labor, by reasopv of the Lien law, they would do much better. Of this acreage probably one-half is planted in cotton, (far too much for the farmer’s good,) with an average in an ordinary good year of one bale to three acres; one-fourth in oats and smali grain, with an average of 10 bush- els per acre, and balance in corn and miscel- laneous crops. 15. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? Some few who own land are doing well. As a general thing they go from bad to worse, and in a few years all they have is taken for debt. 16. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money and acquiring land? No! 17. Numberaud nationality of immigrants in the county? None in this county. 18. Operation of the Stock law, &c? The law has had a good effect in reducing expen- ses and improving stock. 19. The Lien law and its effect on white and colored, farmersand merchants? Dis- astrous to whites, because it puts the labor in the power and under the control of the merchant. Demoralizing to the negro, be- cause when .credit is cheap he buys more than he can pay for, and because he cannot afford to pay the extravagant prices which the Lien law makes necessary. Ruinous to the merchant, because the risk is too great. Good for the landlord only, if good for any one. 20. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? Has not been rigidly enforced, but attended with good re- sults and with partial enforcement. 21. Quantity, kind and price of land for sale in county ? A large quautity for sale at from $5 to $20 per acre. 22. Number of cotton gins, &c.? Number, 500. Average cost of gin, $100. Average outturn per day, 5 bales. Distance hauled to gin, 4 miles. Charge for ginning, $2 per bale. Number of bales ginned annually, 85,- 000. A few cleaners used with good effect in improving the grade. 23. Remarks and suggestions: the Lien law, enforce Prohibition away with exclusive negro farming. Repeal and do Greenville County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments: Cotton mills 8, flour and grist mills 98, foundries and machine shops 2, lumber mills 64, other manufactories 16; total establishments 188. Capital employed : WO THOM TNS Sere sok ses cwscs |Secnateoe $ 929,900 Flour and grist mills.............. « 159,600 Foundries and machine shops. 10,000 Lumber mills......... 96,000 Other manufactor e 142.700 MO Pale CA PUA ss o> ocaseasssacesectesaces $1,338,200 Value of annual product: COCCOM MAT LIG) « cassncsscuractaursnnveacbabixcen ss $2,420,020 Flour and grist mills.............. ie 161,200 Foundries and machine shops 25,000 TAA DAY WATT: Soc csene sohescneceseeeee 170,350 Other manufactories......... ......002.000 190,455 Value of total product....... ...... $2,967,025 Number of persons employed: White males 765, females 774; total whites 1,539. Colored males 192, ployed 1,731. 2. Number of cotton mills, 8. Names and / location: Piedmont Mill—Located at Piedmont on Saluda River, ten miles south of Greenville. © Manufactures yarns, sheetings, shirtings and | drills. Camperdown Mill No. 1 and Camperdown Mill No. 2—Loeated at Greenville. Manu- factures the principal kinds and grades of plain and dyed cotton yarns. Aggregate persons em- © Batesville Cotton Mill—Located on Rocky | Creek, ten miles eastof Greenville. Manu- factures cotton yarns. -Pelham Mill—Located on Enoree eleven miles east of Greenville. factures cotton yarns. River Reedy River Factory—Located on Reedy | River, six miles southeast of Greenville. | Manufactures cotton yarns and shirtings. Fork Shoals Factory—Located on Reedy River, twelve miles south of Greenville. Manufactures cotton yarns. (Looms not in operation.) Huguenot Mills—Located on Reedy River in the City of Greenville. Manufactures cot- ton plaids ané@ cottonades. Capitalemployed, $929,900. Pounds of cot- ton consumed annually, 10,143,000 pounds; or 20,286 bales of 500 pounds weight. Pounds yarn and yards of cloth produced annually, 8,417,000 pounds of yarn and | 12,500,000 yards of cloth. Number of spindles in operation, 48,360, | (540 spindles not in operation.) Number of looms, 773, (56 looms not in operation.) Water or steam power, with amount horse power: of Piedmont, 800 horse power. Camperdown, No. 1 and No. 2, water 375 | horse power, steam 375 horse power; water used continuously; steam only to supple- ment water when insufficient. Batesville, water and steam 50 horse power. Pellham, water 120 horse power. Reedy River, water 125 horse power. Fork Shoals, water 50 horse power. Huguenot, steam 50 horse power. Increase or decrease in last twelve months: Thesame. Numberof hands em- ployed: White males, 424, white females 774, colored males 17; total 1,215. There are nocotton mills in the county in course of construction or companies being organized or capital raised for the same. 3. Number of flour and grist mills, 98. Names and locations, &e. : mills are merchant mills except one or two ina small local way. They are scattered in all sections of the county. Number of hands employed: White 114, colored 26; total 140 Capital employed, $159,600. Value of an- nual product, $161,200. Classes of product, None of these |; ordinary qualities of flour, meal and grist. | Rate of toll, power: power each 12; total horse-power 1,176. Per- centage of net profit, 8 per cent.; increase, &c., the same. 4. Foundries and machine shops, 2. tion, name and proprietors: one-tenth. Water or steam Loca- Water 82, steam 16; average horse- | M. McDonald; Palmetto | / Manu- | | prietor, manufactures news, per thousand. Greenville—Greenville Mashine Works, R. ron Long & Co. Ty Capital employed, $10,000. Value of an- nual product, $25,600. "Horse-power used, 16. Increase, &c., bo per cent. 5. Number of lamber mills, 66 a oe &e.: bree pe Eger a a mills an o a purely local busin averaging about four to the townshi 4 Number of hands employed: Whites 139, colored 49; total 188, umber of and mules, 110 horses and mules and 18 oxen. Capital em loyed, $96,600. Vakne of annual product, $170.35 5 Class of machinery, second-class. Water or steam power: Water 36, steam 28; aver- age horse-power to the mill 12: total horse- power 768. Percentage of net profit, 20 per cent, increase. ‘ 6. Turpentine establishments, none. 7. Other manufactories, &e.: , Greenville Furniture Fae ee iS) . «& Bro., manufactures beds tab bureaus, washstands and other furniture to order, at Greenville, S.C. Horse-power 12, steam. Greenville Coach Factory, H. C. Markle proprietor, manufactures b ap wright Horse- wagons. General repairing and w business done, at Greenville, S. C. power 80, water. Greenville Cotton Seed Oil Mill, Greenville Cotton Seed Oil and Ice Company proprie- tors. Located at Greenville. Steam, horse- Preenville P Mill, Dr. W. R. J pro- reenville Paper , Dr. W. on : i dbl i for wrapping paper an ue wra’ r for yarns. Location five miles Fed ag ol a on Reedy River. Steam, horse-power 75. Wool Carding Machine, Joseph Edwards proprietor, at Greenville, s. Cc. Wool Carding Machine, Reedy River Fac- tory Company proprietors, at Greenville, 5. C. Both machines card wool for home sumption. Tanneries 5, as follows: Buckhorn Tan nery, Reed P. O., Goodlette & Hawkins: Goodwin's Tannery, Merrittsville, P. O., J. K Goodwin; kKarle’s Tannery, Gowersville, O. P. Earle; Gower’s Tannery, Greenville, 8. C., E. Gower & Co.; Cauble’s Tannery, Green- ville, 8. C., J. O. Cauble. The product of these tanneries consists o kip and calfskins and uppers and harness leathers. These leathers are sold in hom and Northern markets, a considerable pro- portion being sold in the mag 9 The aggre- gate capital of tanneries $36,000; annual product $38,000; average horse-power 10. Brick-making establishments 5, as follo Near Greenville—Murrray’s yard, J. W. Mur- ray; Earle’s yard, Theron. Earle; came yard, E. T, Kemp; Goodwin’s yard, W. Goodwin; Johnson's yard, James Johnson, The aggregate annual yards is about 2,500,000 bricks, consum: principally by local market, at $5 and Capital employed in all industries und head of “Other Manufactories,” Number of hands employed: ored 86; total 148. Value of annual p duet, $190,455. Percentage of net profit, per cent. > MINES. 1. Number of mines in the county, non 2. Number of quarries, none. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Sowers 6, reapers and mowers 53, sulky pleughs 63, improved har- rows 147, stump pullers 2, threshers 38, || guano distributors 2,035, cotton seed plant- ers 756, riding cultivators 38, horse rakes 10. Steam engines in use on farms, 91. Average horse power, 6; total horse power, 546. \| 2. Headof improved stock ? There are 362 | head of improved cattle, including thorough: breds, crosses and grades, 63 thoroughbred sheep and 379 hogs. The Jersey, Ayrshire, | Devon and short-horned Durham cattle, Cotswold and south Down sheep, and Berk- shire, Essex and red Jersey hogs are the most highly thought of. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared — with last year, and with its efficiency five | years ago? Opinions of intelligent farmers differ as their experiences differ. It is held by many that it has grown far less reliable; that there has been a gradual decline every | year. by others that there has been little or | no change. By others, again, that there has | been slight improvement; and others, still, | who place the improvement in efficiency at 10, 20, 25, and even 33 per cent. The man- agement of colored labor has much to do with its efficiency. There are differences or degrees in the skill or training of the col- | ored people as laborers, as well as in their | character and reliability; all of which con- | tribute to make ditterences ofopinionamong | the intelligent farmers wino should best be | able to judge of this question. Generally speaking, where negroes are well and promptly paid for their services in money and positively yet generously dealt with, there is a perceptible improvement over | where they are carelessly Mapaged and poorly and irregularly paid. For the South- ern farmer the negro, as a hireling, is the best laborer, because of his willingness. under good management, todo any and all kinds of work and at any and all times. Evidently there has been no great fluctuation, but a | eareful canvass of the question leads to the conclusion that there has been a slight im- | provement, say 10 per cent.,in the efficiency of colored labor in this county in the past five © years. No noticeable change in thé past | year. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five yearsago? In some portions of the county, principally that portion embraced in a circle of a radius of ten to twelve miles from the City of Green- ville, embracing about one-third of the county, the demand now is 20 per cent. greater than the supply of farm labor. In the other portions of the county the supply and demand are reported to be about equal, while both have increased. In the county, asa whole, the supply of colored labor has increased about 10 per cent. in the last five years. There has been a sprinkle of emi- gration of colored people to the West during the past yer, but the influx from other counties to this county for the past several years will more than make up for the de- crease in numbers. 5. What proportion of the field labor is white and what proportion is colored? | White 44 per cent., colored 56 per cent. 6. What number of hours constitute a full day’s work on farms? No standardrule as to | number of hours. A day’s work on the farm is from sunrise to sunset, amouniing to | Qa about ten hours in winter and twelve in summer. 7. What are the wages paid to male and female farm laborers? To males $8 to $15 per month and board: females $35 to $6 per month and board. 8. Do women and children, white or col- ored, work in the fields, and to what extent? Yes. The following pro rata is apn approxi- mate general average, estimating only upon that portion of the population living on the farms. These percentages are greater in the time of gathering crops, especially in cotton picking: White women Sper cent., colored women 60 per cent., white children, males over 12 years, 50 per cent., colored children, mAles over twelve years, 75 per cent., white children, females over twelve years, 8 per ecent., colored children, females over 12 years, 50; er cent. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? Cropping or rent system—farming on shares and contract for wages. Where money is paid the terms, strictly speaking, are monthly payments, but the custom that prevails most geverally is arunningaccount, with settlement at the end of the year. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton per pound, aud per bale of 500 pounds? 8 cents per pound, or $40 per bale of 500 pounds, 11. Percentage of cost involved in raising, picking and ginning? Raising 80 per cent., picking 131, per cent., ginning 1-15 or 6% per cent. 12. Number and acreage of the farms worked exclusively by white men, and how they succeed? 758 farms in county so worked. Total acreage, 121,280 acres. Total number acres in cultivation, 30,320 acres. These farms ought to show the maximum sesults in successful farming, but they do not, owing to the fact that the most en- lightened, progressive and successful farmers as a rule are those who bire colored laborers. There are very few farms in the county, if any, worked exclusively by hired white labor. White laborers seeking em- ployment on the farms as _hirelings are very scarce, and, with rare excep- tions, are not as desirable laborers as negroes, because they are more fastidious as to the kind of work they do and when they do it, and as to the treatment they receive at the hands of their employers. Farmer pro- prietors who come under this head cannot be said to be more than abreast of the aver- | age, the exceptions being isolated instances where the owner of the farm bas a number of determined and hard-fisted sons who do not hesitate to lay their shoulders to the wheeland “work like ‘turks. ‘this class of farmers succeed well, however, and generally a their own meat” and have ‘corn to sell.” 13..-Number and acreage of the farms worked exclusively by colored men, and how they succeed? Number of farms in coun- ty under this head, 152: total acre- age, 8,715; total acreage under culti- vation, 3,204. As a rule thy don’t succeed at all. While it is true that the negro is, for the reasons above given, the best laborer, as hireling, for the iarmers of the South, yet asa manager of the farm he is a failure. The causes that enterinio his failure as a Managing farm>r are his indifference to his surroundings, his lack of practical judg- ment and forethought, the absence in him of ambition to prosper and his disregard ior or ignorance of the valve of his time, There are, of course, exceptions to this rule. Here and there we find a negro worth a farm of a hundred acres or more in a good state of cultivation and fairly stocked, and making yearly a iene supply of rovisions for the use of himself and family Ss outof debtand is paying taxes on from $1,000 to $3,000 worth of property. Ofsuch prosperous negroes there are perhaps a dozen in Greenville County.’ Farms owned, directed and worked exclusively by colored people are generally small in acreage, and very poorly worked, varying in yield accord- ing to efficiency of management. Andas a | class they show the miuimum results in farming in this county. 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled or directed by whites,and worked either exclusively with colored labor, or by white and colored, and how they succeed in each case? Number of farms in county under this head 1,821, total acreage 340,053, total acreage in ‘cultivation 87 963. As the fig- ures show, two-thirds of the number of farms, and slightly over two-thirds of the acreage of | cultivated lands in the county, come under this head. Asabove indicated, the percentage of white hired labor employed is very small; and it is impossible, therefore, to distinguish between ihe results of farm operations with hired labor where the labor is all colored and where it is part white and part colored, ex- cept where the employers themselves do the work of full hands. In the latter case there isa perceptible improvement, owing to the constant presence of the white employer. In the opinion of some intelligent farmers mixed hired labor does not work as well as where it is all colored, and especially if, in the latter case, the employer gives the farm his personal supervisioh and direction. As tenants or renters of land white farmers will, without oversight from the landlord, make an average of 25 percent. more of field crops than will colored farmers, the chances being equal. In many cseased cropin favor of the white tenant will reach 50 per cent. But as_ hired laborers the work of the whites reach no bet- | ter result than that of the blacks. {n the farming operations of Greenville | County the maximum results are reached on the farms owned, controlled and managed by intelligent white men and worked by the better class of colored labor. The experience of observing and successful farmers attests that negro labor will produce twice as much when superintended and directed by white | employers than when it is left to its own en- ergy and management. The presence and oversight of the white employer never fails to make an appreciable improvement, both in the quality and quantity of work done by colored labor. 15. Condition of colored farmers as landown- ersand as tenants ? As landowners, nominal. As tenants, owing to the landlords’ influence upon their work, they make more money and provisions and live better fora part of the year, but in either case, being slow to ac- instances the in- | , cumulate property, the results of theid Mbox; as to the permanent improvement of their condition are merely nominal. In either case, as landowners or tenants, where they operate under the Lien law they rarely ever make more than a bare support and in the end they get into debt and never pay out. 16. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money, and acquiring land? Only to a very limited extent. 17. Number and nationality of immi- grants in the county, &c.? Whole number 109, as follows: Irish 32, Germans 26, Swiss 21, Scotch 10, French 9, English 5, Beigians 2, Italians 2, Bavarians 2. Most of them are prosperous owners of farms and vine- | yards. Several of them are skilful artisans, | commanding good wages, or running shops and interests of their own. Only a few of | them may be classed as laborers. These are || paid from $10 to $18 per month, according to kind of employment. 18. The operation of the Stock law and its effect? The Stock law has proved a great blessing to the agricultural people of Green- ville County. The reduction of expenses amount to about 80 per cent. of the item of fencing, which is equal, to say, 10 per cent. of the general expenses of the farm. Toadd to this the saving of timber and the economy of time in the beginning of the year, the ag- gregate reduction of expenses of making a _ crop may be put at 20 percent. Great bene- fit is aiso derived in the improvement of land by the absence of stock—the trampling and gleaning of fields by stoce running at large upon them being injurious to the soil. There is a noticeable increase in the yield of land on this account. A notable in- stance of the inerease of yield occurs with an observing farmer of the northern section of the county. A field of ordinary bottom land on which stock had been accus- tomed torun at large previous to the pas- sage of the Stock law has been planted in corn each successive year since the law wen into operation without manure. The ee crease over previous yields has been 25 per cent. This improvement is attributed en- tirely to the absence of stock running at large upon the field as was the previous cus- tom. The effect of the law in the improvement of stock has been great. Fewer heads of stock are now kept, but they are better cared forand improvement is the result, both in the production of milk and butter and in the quality and value of stock. Beef cattle are selling in this market at six cents per pound gross, where four cents was the ruling price previous to the passage of the Stock law. This advance in the price of cattle accrues to the benefit of the farmer who raises the stock. In the quality of the beef retailed at the markets here the im- provement is equally great. The supply comes now almost entirely from Green- ville County. The supply of _ inferior beef in former years caine principally from North Carolina. Thus it appears that a better market and advanced prices re- sult to the stock-raisers of the county in con- sequence of the Stock law, while consumers are fully compensated for increased prices in the superior quality of the beef. But the greatest improvement under the Stock law is that which is now going on in the way of replacing the “scrub” cattle with thoroughbred stock. Purchasers for the farm and dairy appear more anxious than ever be- fore to secure the finer breeds of cattle, hogs and sheep; and to the ordinary stock of the county far greater attention is being paid in the selection and improvement of the best Specimens of milch cows, and to the breed- ing of better stock. he 1mprovement thus effected by the operation of the Stock law is only in its beginning, and greater results may be looked for in the years to come. At this stage of the revolution, the improve- ment of stock in the county may be placed as follows: Improvement in milch cows 25 per cent.; improvement in quality of beef cattle 50 per cent.; general improvement in money value of stock of all kinds 50 per cent. 19. The Lien law and its effect on the whites and on the colored people, on farmers and merchants? With the intelligent and progressive farmers of the county there are no dissenting voices in the ery for its re- peal. Its bad effects are getting to be more universally felt and acknowledged. Merchants who heretofore opposed its repeal are now saying that there is no use for its continuance, and that its general effect in the county has been hurtful. The effect on white people has been to get them into the very bad habit of eating this year what they ought to eat the next, driv- ing many of them hopelessly into debt and causing them to live under a system of Slavery to merchants which always ham- pers and cowers them; and it keeps them poor by making them pay much more for goods than they are worth and much more than consumers can afford to pay. The effect on colored people has been to destroy toa great extent their usefulness as laborers, to get them in debt, to give them opportunities for idleness they could not otherwise so easily have had, and to render their labor of little value to themselves and the county at large, In harvest time, when they should be in cheerful enjoyment of the fruits of the summer labor, they are penni- | less, illy clad and “with nothing to go upon” for another year. They are naturally dis- contented under these circumstance and be- © come the easy prey to the wiles of the Radi- cal politician who with no effort can make these unfortunates believe that the white people and white people's rule have been the direct cause of their poverty-stricken condi- tion. Colored labor under the control of in- telligent white proprietors is not only better fed during the working season, but it pro- duces sufficient surplus out of its own opera- tion for another year; the laborer is not harassed with debt from January to Decem- ber but has money to spend for, such modest comforts and indulgencies as suit his lot in life. The effect of this law on farmers has been to make laborscarceand unreliable and thus to cripple and impede the agricultural pros- perity of the county. The effect with merchants has been to stimulate a novel and unnatural sys- tem of business, to carry the credit system to hazardous extremes and to make the col- lection of debts somewhat of a “‘grab-game.”’ Great laxity has thus been engendered and there has been consequent demoralization in the relations between farmers and mer- chants. Many fortunes have been madeand the makers of them afterwards fallen into bankruptcy owing to the hazardous outlays and the unlooked-for failures of crops. Green- ville merchants manifest now a willingness that business shall resume its normal chan- nels. 20. The Prohitition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? This law was hailed with delight when it passed, and it has worked great good in Greenville County. The chief benefit derived is the abolition of that which contributed so much to the demoralization of the labor of the county. There have been but few violations of the law, exceptin the mountainous portions of the county, and in these the more efficient enforcement of the United States laws re- cently by revenue raiders under command of Dr. J. F. Ensor and the prosecution of a number of offenders by the State officials have reduced the traffic in whiskey to a minimum. With the substantial people of the county Prohibition is very popular, and they are clamorous for the abolition of bar- rooms in the city as well as in the country, urging that their pernicious effects are felt by the entire county. 21. The quantity, kind and price Of land for Sale in the county, &c.? Only very limited quantities of land are on the market in this county. Valuable lands are constantly in good demand at prices varying according to location and quality from $6 to $20, and as high as $50 per acre for choice tracts, em- braciug a good proportion of bottom land. The character of land here is red clay, gray sandy loam and black bottom, # id the poor- est of it fairly productive. 22. Number of cotton gins in the county, «&c.? Number of gins, 203. Average cost to gin, $250. Maximum outturn of gin per day, 10 bales; average, 6. Average distance seed cotton is hauled to gin, 114, miles. Charges for ginning, one-fifteenth toll. Num- ber of bales ginned annually, 22,736. Clean- ers used in connection with gins, none. Effect in improved grade of cotton, 1 to 2 cents per pound. Increased life of gins, 10 per cent. 23 Remarks, suggestions or information, «&c.: The increasing use of improved labor- Saving implements of ag riculture is a matter for congratulation to the farmers of Green- ville County. It is the unmistakable sign of the dawn ofan era of progress in this sec- tion of country. The change that has taken place in this respect in the past three years has been marked, and dealers in agricultural machinery are anticipating larger sales during the coming seasons than ever before. The results of labor with improved machines, particularly with reapers and mowers, threshers, sulky ploughs, riding cultivators and improved harrows, have been highly Satisfactory, and they are destined to come into general use in the early future. Better drainage where needed, deep ploughisg in the preparation of land, more thorough cultivation and ad- vanced methods, the planting of fewer acres and more intense manuring, the cultivation ofa greater variety of crops, particularly of more small grain, a resort to the planting of grasses and forage crops, the improvement ofstock and the consequent increase of the production of milk aad butter, are the ten- dencies of agriculture in Greenville County. | Among the immediate necessities for the rapid and permanent improvement of the county may be mentioned the following: The repeal of the Lien lawssoas to make labor | more certain and reliable and of more value to itself and the county and the Commonwealth: the total prohibition of the retailing of in- toxicating liquors, a general improvement | of dirt 1oads of the State, and an improve- mentof the free-school system, or in some way affording better facilities for the educa- tion of the masses of the rising generation. There is hope of the material advancement of the county by the developement of the many fine water powers along the streams of | the county that are standing invitations to capitalists who desire to invest in manufac. turing enterprises, The practicably inex- | haustible supply of fine woods of rare } ties, growing in abundance in the mot regions of this county, and avai market, offer a fine field for the employ of capitaland labor. The various new ip- dustries of the county herein shown promise development and progress and wealth. The immigration from the North or or from foreign countries of families thrifty white settlers who are able to peernspsire farms and improve them is especially sirable. Of the new industries of the ounttly tok promise large and profitable results that of grape-growing is rising in importance each year. The pioneer in this interes busi- ness is Mr. F. Garraux, a native of tzer- land, who came to Greenville with his fam- ily about ten years ago. His success with an acre and a half of grapes was as’ to the people of this vicinity, very few of who knew anything of grapes and grape culture General attention to the subject resulted, and business in the produets of the vine- yards of this locality promises in a few years to reach enormous proportions. The late Dr. S.S. Marshall, who had given the subject study and investigation, was the first to make a startin the business, which he did by planting out a vineyard of forty acres on the side of Paris Mountain. Helivedto have his most sanguine hopes fully realized. Dr. Marshall's beginning was quickly seconded | by Mr. H. B. Buist who, with his vineyard on Piney Mountain, and that on his farm near the limits of the city, is meeting with encouraging success. The vineyard planted by Dr. Marshall is now managed by his son, M. J. Spraoul Marshall, and is annually bearing great quantities of fruit which ripens to perfection and finds ready sale Their successful cultivation here during the past several years has clearly demonstrated that all of the best varieties of wine andtable grapes will grow to perfection in the natural soil of this vicinity, and that the climate is entirely favorable to the making of wine. Mr. F. Hahn, a native of Germany, Mr. H. C. Markley, Mr. J. W. Wood, Col. I. F. Hunt, formerly of Charleston, and Mr. Alexander McBee, are the owners of vineyards ranging in area from three to ten acres in the vicinity of this city, and there are others in the sub- urbs of one and two acres. A Frenchman named A, Carpen, an expert in grape culture and wine-making, is planting a vineyard of forty acres pear the city and is making elaborate and expensive preparations in the way of drainage and cellars, with the view of doing a large business in that line. The vineyards in this locality comprise about one hundred and fifty acres. About sixty acres are bearing grapes; the remain- i] | ; } : . : are one and two years old. The yield of the sixty acres last year was about forty thous- and pounds of grapes marketed in bunches, in crates, and near six thousand gallons of wine. Grapes find ready sale in the Northern markets and in Charleston and Atlanta. The greater portion of those marketed of last year’s crop were sold in Philadelphia, many daysin advance of the fruit of Northern vineyards, at from 12 to 15 cents per pound. These prices pay hand- some profits. Early ripening at the South gives this section an immense advantage in the early market. The beginning thus made in grape culture and the invariable success that has attended the efforts of the pioneers in the business, brings the new industry prominently to the attention of the country, and the vintage is likely to greatly increase until Greenville becomes a centre and a market forthe pro- ducts of the grapery and the wine-press. Pisciculture is receiving considerable atten- tion at the hands of some of the enterprising citizens of the county. There are about twenty ponds in the county devoted to the rearing of the German carp of the Scale and Mirror varieties, the former being the most popular. Mr. J. W. Wood, of this city, is the leader in the business, and owns the most extensive and expensive ponds in the county—five in number. His efforts have met with all the success that could be hoped for—the successful raising of the ‘‘fry,” from an inch in length to huge fish of from seven to ten pounds weight, and the spawning of untold thousands of the young ones since the beginning of the investment in the sammer of 1880. The demand for young carp from all parts of the State is too great to allow the sale of the older fish for the table. As the ponds grow older and the myriads of young carp now on hand in the ponds grow to eat- ing sizes, the market will be daily supplied with carp fresh from the ponds at living prices. The success of this new industry will prove of great advantage to this section of country where, owing to shallow streams and waterfalls, fish are fewin numberand only of small Kinds. Greenville’s great hope, however, like that ‘of the whole State, and the hope upon which the final success of all the foregoing indus- tries more or less depend, is a heavy freight line railroad through the mountains of her northern border and to the West. And itis at present one of the buoyant hopes of her citizens that the grand project will soon be- come a tangible and living reality. The rail- I : ing ninety acres are of recent plantings and | Greenville thirty-eight miles nearer to Charleston by rail than now. The survey of what is believed to be a thoroughly practical and easy route from here to Asheville will be made in April, and it is probable that a scheme for the building of the line will be proposed that will meet with public favor and acceptance. The building of such a line will be a glad day for South Carolina and for Greenville. ENSILAGE. Several farmers in this vicinity have made successful experiments with the silo in Saving green food for winter use for feeding stock, and are enthusiastic over the results. Of course there are no new facts about ensil- age. That green food can be preserved in the greatest abundance at little cost, and that thus saved is very nutritious and wholesome are questions long ago settled. Capt. J. C. Boyd, whose farm lies about two miles east of this city, has fully demonstrated the great economy of the siloand its benefits to the farm and dairy during the past year. IRON AND MACHINE WORKS. Two institutions of great advantage to this county and section of country, and especi- ally so in view of the more general use of en- || gines and machinery, are the two iron foun- road now being built from Laurens Court- | house to this city, and which will be com- dries and machine shops mentioned in the list of manufacturing establishments given above. The institution knownas the Green- ville Machine Works, doing an extensive business in the making and repairing of all | kinds of machinery and inall sorts of cast- ings and the kinds of work usually done in | an iron foundry, is the product of the skill | andenergy of an enterprising Scotchman, who came to Greenville about ten years ago and began work under the shade of a tree. | These works have once been destroyed by | fire, but rose again, and the shops have | grown in work and importance to an un- usual degree of success, commanding a large patronage from the entire up-couniry. Mr. R. M. Macdonald is the owner and manager of the shops. The Palmetto Iron Works is an enterprise ofthe same order, which begins its career with excellent prospects and has been in operation justa year. Its line of work also embraces general machine making and re- | pairing. Beard, Long & Co. is the style of the firm owning and operating these works, the enterprising firm of Cely & Bro., of West Greenville, being members of the company. The Greenville Cotton Seed Oil Mill has been in successful operation for nearly a year under the management of Prof. J. M. | Harris, formerly professor of chemistry in pleted during the present year, will place || Furman University. ‘The mill is consuming cotton seed at the rate of nearly two thou- | sand tons a yearand producing oil and cot- ton seed mealin equally great proportions. The mill will begin the manufacture of a high standard fertilizer during this year, and a machine for the manufacture of ice will also be put in operation during the year. The Greenville Furniture Factory is sup- plying a large and growing trade in the ordi- nary articles of house furniture, its patron- age extending over a great portion of the up- country. These establishments are agreat help in the material advancement of Greanville and the State, and are second in importance to the eight cotton mills only. In manufactures, as wellas in agriculture, there is fair pros- pect of a general building up of the county in the years to come, and Greenville will | continue at the front in business prosperity. Union County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments: Flour and grist mills 38, (lum- ber mills ineluded in the above,) other manu- factories 5; total 43. Capital employed, $75,- 000. Value of annual product, $72,000. Number of persons employed: White 41, coiored 29; total 70. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in course of construction, or companies being organized or capital being raised therefor. 3. Flour and grist mills, 38. Locations and proprietors: North of Pacolet River—G. Muerr & Co., Jeffries & Kendrick, Jeffries & Spence, J. R. Jeffries, J. bD. Jeffries, Wm. Jet fries, F. W. Cisen. Between Pacolet and Fair- forest Creek—Hamer & Jeffries, Frank Trim- mier, W. H. Roberson. Between the Tyger and the Enoree—B. G. Wilburn, W. Hum- phries, J. C. Hunter, G. D. teake. the Tyger and the Broad- J. C. Richards, Es- tate J. w.Saitor, Crosby & Co., T. J. Jones, W.T. Jeter, G. D. Peake; and others in and near Union C. H. and west of it, including Pinckney Township. Number of hands em- ployed: White 36, colored 24; total 60. Capital employed, $70,000. nual product, $65,000. All grades of flour, meal and grist. toll, one-tenth. Water 25, steam 13. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none, 5. Lumber mills, &¢c.: The saw mills are commonly operated by the same power that is used by the flourand grist mills, and em- ploys the same hands. This lumber business, at the best, is a small local one, and is in- Rate of cluded in the flour and grist product, as part | and parcel of the same. 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. 7. Other manufactories, 5. Character: Building and repairing wagons and car- riages, including the repairing of farm impie- ments and machinery, and also smithery. Names, &¢c.—roberson & Allen, Union C. H., and other minor establishments scattered through the county. Capital employed, $5,000. Hands employed: White 5, col- ored 5; total 10, Value of annual product, $7,500. Between | Value of an- | Classes of product: | Water or steam power: | from 25 per cent. “better” to 2: % MINEs. > au 5 1. Number of mines in the county, © anid. 4 mines. Two of these mines are and three are now: j Mf i aan bye Mine too — ‘ y_the West Mining Company. eee, wa of Northen proprietors, and is located twelve miles northwest of Union C. H. has been | worked about two years by the present com- pany. The veinsare in tale and mi i formation. A twenty tbe En is in opera- tion day and night. Prom to 75 hands— 25 white and 50 colored—are employed. with a capital of about $20,000. The value of the ore is from $2 to $50 per ton. 2d. The Thomson or Fair Forest Mine is owned by the Estate of Dr. W. H. Thomson. It is located twelve miles northwestof Union C. H., and adjoins the West Mine. The formation foundation is the same as the West Mine. A ten-stamp mill is now o rated at the mine by Major W. T. Thomson. The value of the mill is about — e value of the ore is from $5 to $100 to the ton. There are three well defined veins on the property that assay high. This is a very val- uable mine. The numberof hands at pres-— ent employed is 20 colored. 3d. The Nott Mine is located about ten miles northwest of Union C. H. and about three miles from Glenn Springs. It is owned by W.B. Wilson, Jr., of Rock U, and C. D. Farrar, William Munroe and James Munroe, of Union. This mineis slate formation, with quartz ore in large bodies, and to be a true fissure vein by M. Tuomey, State — geologist. This mine is not now operated, — but it was before the war by a company com- posed of South Carolinians. The value of the ore is from $5 to $100 perton. It was very productive formerly, and yielded an — immense profit. Ore wes taken from the — vein that yielded 3,000 pennyweights in — eleven bushels of ore. 4th. Tne Norris & Nucholls Mine, owned — by J. W. McLane & Co., of Union, is located — sixteen miles northeast of Union C. H.,on — the Pacolet River. The mine is not in ope- ration. It was worked previous to the war — and paid well. The value of the ore is from — $3 to $100 per ton. : 5th. The Posey Mine is located about — eleven miles northwest of Union C. H., near — the West Mine. Itis of the same formation — as the West Mine, aud the ore is of about the — same value. Itis owned by William Posey, Mrs. Herndon and Asa Smith. This mine was operated before the war, and was con- sidered very rich. 2. Number of quarries in the county, none operated. ; { : AGRICULTURE, 1. Numberand kind of improved agricul-— tural implements? Sowers 4, reapers 25, sul- ky ploughs 17, guano distributors 500, har- rows 25,grain drills 2, Number of steam — engines in use on farms and their horse rahe op 54, average 6 horse power; total 324 orse-power. . 2. Head of improved stock in the county. «&ec.? There are very few sheep of any kind inthecounty. Of cattle there are a very few thoroughbreds, but about 100 es—crosses with the Devon and Durham breeds. There is one thoroughbred Jersey bull. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as com 3 With last year,and with its efficiency five years ago? Men of equal intelligence vary per cent, “worse” than it was five yearsago. My own impression is that it is about the same com- pared with both periods, so far as the older negroes are concerned; butas for the younger ones, with a few exceptions, it is difficult to conceive a more hopeless outfook than they offer 4. Supply of colored labor as com pared with the demand and with the supply and _ demand last year and five years ago? There is no perceptible difference, but there is some complaint of a want ot labor, as there always is and will be. 5. Proportion of white to colored field labor? About one-third white to two-thirds colored. 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? Twelve. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- || borers? About $100 to men and $50 to women per annum. 8. Extent of field work done by women and children, white and colored? Notmany of either age or race work all the year round, but they do work to a considerable extent in planting, hoeing and gathering the cotton crop. The whites are far the best. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? Thesystem mostin use is for the landowners to furnish the laborer witb land, farming implements and work animals—the owner feeding the animals—and then to divide the crops equally between the land- lord and laborer. The wages paid for hired labor range from $65 to $100 per annum, with rations. 10. Cost of producing merchantable cotton? Hight cents per pound or $40 to a bale of 500 pounds. 11. Percentage of this cost.in raising, pick- ing and ginning cotton? About 80 per cent. for raising, 15 per cent. for picking and 5 per cent. for ginding. 12. Numberand acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and with what suc- cess? About 400 farms, averaging from 30 to 50 acres each. Those who work their own lands are our most prosperous farmers, but the tenants, who constitute a majority of small white farmers, make a bare support, 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and with what success ? About 300 farms, averaging some 25 acres each, 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled and worked exclusively with col- ored labor, or by white and colored,and with What success? Fairly when separate, but badly together. The number of farms owned and controlled by whites and worked by la- borers, white and colored, employed by white proprietors, is estimated at 2,500. Total area ot crops on said farms, 87,900 acres. Acresin cotton 48 950, corn 12,850, oats 15,000, wheat 12,000, rye and barley 1,500, sweet potatoes 2,600; total 87,900. The peais but little planted as a separate crop, but it is largely planted with corn, and also quite extensively after oats and wheat, for the purpose of being turned under asa renovator of the land. Location: Pelzer Mill, on Saluda River, the ‘Pown of 8,840,000; Twenty-three Mile Creek, near Pendleton. Capital employed, $527,000. duct: Pelzer Mill, yards clo Pendleton Factory, pounds Cotton annually consumed: 2,376,000 pounds; Pendleton = pounds; total, 2,661,000 pounds, or 5,322 bales of 500 pounds weight. papason en of net prods, not atased. Num- th, ber of spindles: Pelzer 14 Pen ton Factory, 1,600; total, 15,600. Number of looms: Pelzer Mill, 412. Water or | with amountof horse wer: Water, horse power. Increase or decrease, not 4 Number of hands employed, 385. No cotton mills in course of construction, organization, &c., in the county. ¥ Number of flour and t 85. Names and locations, notgiven. Nuamber of hands employed: Whites, 90; col 6; total, 96. Capital employed, $68,000. V: we of annual product, 382, bushels, or $31 \- 000. Class of prodnet, flour and cornmeal of best quality. Average rate of toll, uniformly one-tenth. Water or steam power: 65 water, 20 steam. Per cent. of bg Hat not given. Increase within the year, per cent. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none proper. 5. Lumber mills: Number, 98, Location and proprietors, not given. Number of hands: White, 232; colored, 140; total, 372. Num- ber of horses and mules, 279. nec pen em- ployed, $130,300. Value of annual product, $220,000, Water or steam power: Water, 61; steam, 32; total, 93. Horse power used, 8 to 20 horse power to the mill; total horse deb a 1,302. Percentage of net profit, not given. water power mills; 25 to 30 per cent. eee in steam. 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. 7. Other manufactures: Wagon and b - 4; cotton seed oil, 2; door, sash and blin 4 planing mills, 3; fin manufacturing estab- lishments, 2; brick machinery, &c., 3; drain tile, 1; newspapers and printing, 2; total es- tablishments, 18. Number of bands em- White, 40; colored, 32; total, 72. loyed : ‘apital employed, $36,000. Value of annual Increase or decrease: No increase in . ' 1 “and children, white and MINEs. Number of mines in the county? Mica, corundum, plumbago and others. This county contributed among the largest of the collections of minerals of any county to the agricultural department. Number of quarries? There are numbers | of good quarries in the county, notably at | Pendleton, Simpson’s Mill, Dark Corner iownship, Honea Path, Williamston, on Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers and Wilson’s Creek. The latter has been used for mill- stones. AGRICULTURE. 1. Numberand kind of improved agricul- turalimplements? Grain sowers 10, reapers 200, sulkey ploughs 75, guano distributors 1,006, harrows 300, stump puilers none; to- tal, 1,585 Steam engines in use on farms, and horse- power? Number in use 155, averaging from 6 to 12 horse-power to engine; aggregate || horse-power, 1,395. 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? Very tew sheep. Cattle: Jerseys 125, Ayrshires 25; | total, 150. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and with efficiency five years ago? About the same as last year and better than five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand and with the supply and demand last year and five yearsago? The supply is about equal to last year and better | than five years ago. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? About equally divided; perhaps a few more colored than whites. 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? In winter from 9 to 10 nours; In summer from 12 to 13 hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- ' borers? Ma es, from $S to $12 and females $4 to $3. 8. Extent of field work done by women colored? The white women and children of the county work in the fields only when driven by necessity. The colored women and chil- dren out of the towns generally work in. the fields. 9. System of labor most in use? Laborers usually work fora part of the crop, though many hire for wages by the month or year. Pay stated above. 10. Costof producing merchantable cotton? Can’t say definitely, though at the present prices many think it not remunerative to grow cotton. 11. Percentage of cost in raising, packing and ginning cotton? bunared is paid for ginning and packing cot- on. 12. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? Very few have been successful. 13 Progress of colored farmers in saving money and acquiring land? Do not think colored farmers are making any progress. i4. Number and naiionality of foreign- Lorn immigrants in county? Number 150, present, owing to the shortness of present crop. 17. The Prohibition law, its observance, en- forcement and effect? The Prohibition law is notin force in the town of Anderson, but the State law is rigidly enforced and is work- ing well. 18. Quantity and kind of land for sale, its character and price? There is but little land for sale inthe county. Price ranges from $8 to $20 per acre, according to location and improvements. 19. Number of cotton gins, &c? Number 275; average to gin four to five bales a day. Average distances hauled to gin two miles. Charges for ginning from 1-15 to 1-25. Cleaners not enough used to give satisfac- tory answer. Abbeville County. MANUFACTURES. 1. There are 70 establishments. consisting of plough, grist and lumber mills, wagon saith carriage factories, brick-yards, print- ing, &c. Capital employed, $161,500; value of an- nual product, $274,800. Persons employed: whites 156, colored 128; total 284. — 2. Cotton mills, none in the county. 3. Flour and grist mills: There are 25 flour and grist mills and 7 grist mills; total 32. Names, locations and proprietors: Ninety-Six—Anderson & Bro., J. J.Chipley, W.M. Whitlock, Madison Richardson. Greenwood—J. P. Bozeman, Klugh Bros., T. A. Buchanan, Bradford Boyd, Benet Rey- nolds. Cokesbury—B. C. Hart, Est. Wm. Maddox. Donaldsville—J. H. Cheatham, M. Erwin. Due West—W. M. Alewine, Pratt & Bar- more. Long Cane—J. D. Cochran, B. H. Eakin. Hodges Depot—G. M. Hodges. Smithville—Jas. Evans. Cedar Spring—Est. W. K. Bradley. Abbeville C. H.—T. W. MeMillan. Lowndesville—Baker & Rampey, J. P. ' Burris, Price & Burdett, Swearengen & Cal- houn, Thomas Young. Magnolia—John A. Brooks. Calhoun’s Mills—W. John MeNeill. Bordeaux—J. K. Bradley & Go., G.S. Cade, || B.A. Searl. About 50 cents per | Long Cane—A. H. Martin. Number of hands employed: There are 64 hands employed, all white. Capital employed $82,500. nual product $114,800. These mills grind chiefly for toll. product, goo average quality. Value of an- Class of Power, | water 25, steam 7. pretty equally divided between Irish and | German. They receive from $12 to $15 per month, are good laborers and seem anxious to acquire homes. 15. Opinion of Stock law, &c.? Net profits, 15 percent. Increase in busi- | ness during the year, 5 per cent. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none in the county. 5. Lumber mills: There are 21 lumber mills, besides lumber sawed at flour or grist mills. Lovations and proprietors : Near Martin’s Mill—W. A. Lomax. Troy—John S. Bradley «& Go. Near Abbeville C. H.—W. O. Cromer, Wil- | son & Milford, B. F.Smith. Geo. S. Wilson, | T. S. Gordon, J. A. Hagen. It has | greatly reduced the expenses of farming, has | added very much to the quality of the stock, and is giving very general satisfaction. 16. The Lien law and its effect? Public opinion is very much divided as to the Lien law. There was a much stronger disposition to repeal it twelye menths ago than at McCormick—Wardlaw « Lites. Bradley—Edward W. Watson. White Hall—C. J. Hunt. Troy—J. M. Gilliam, W. W.Sprouse. Lebanon—J. S. Gibert. Due West—John Young, Calvin Pressley. Donaldsyille—Robert Dunn. Mount Carmel—Bowen & Baker. Hodges—G, M. Hedges. Calhoun’s Mills—Wm., Riley. Cokesbury—Graham & Roderick. peer employed 105—white 42, colored 63. Animals employed—Oxen 60, mules Total 102. Capital employed, from $40,000 to 345,- 000. Value of annual product, $65,000 to $75,000. Class of machinery, good average. Power used, steam. Amount of horse power, aver- age about 15 horse power to miil—total horse power 315. Net profit, about 20 percent. Increase in business in the year, average about 20 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c, none. 7. Other manufactories: Carriage and wagon factories, brick making and printing. Capital employed, $39,000. Hands em- ployed—white 57, colored 48—105. Value of annual product: $95,000. Note.—Hard lumber suitable for coach and wagon building, such as hickory, ash, white oak, Spanish oak, and also poplar, abound in the county. In some parts of the county considerable quantity of black walnut is found, of best quality, suitable for coach and furniture making. Inerease within the year 5 percent; net profit 25 per cent. MINEs. 42. Number: one gold mine, which has been extensively worked. Name and proprieem McCormick’s, formerly Dorn’s mines. McCormick is the present proprietor. Capi- tal $40,000, though not in operation at pres- ent. There are several other minesin the county, though little worked—one near Greenwood. on lands of Stephen Elmore, one on lands of Barrett, and one near Bradley on lands of P. H. Bradley. At Little Mountain, seven miles south of Abbeville Courtnouse, there is said to be large quantities of gold on the lands ofseveral farmers. Little or nothing has been done to develop the interest. AGRICULTURE, 1. Improved implements: ‘There are in the county, reapers 125, sulky ploughs 10, guano distributors almost universally used, har- rows 275, stump pullers 4. Number of steam engines on farms, | |, sweet potatoes 361, peas 865, promiscuous about 75, averaging about 8 horse-power | each; total horse-power, 600. 2. Improved stock: here are only a lew thoroughbreds in the county. Jerseys most sought after. Devon and Ayrshire consid- ered among the best. In sheep, merino and Cotswold are considered the best for section. Farmers are giving more attention to improved stock than formerly, and the number is increasing annually. 3. Efficiency of colored labor: Colored labor is regarded as somewhat more effi- cient than five years ago. This is owing to the fact that it is better controlled since the negro has entirely withdrawn irom politics. The negro does not work very willingly, and renders rather poor service unless closely looked after; but when working for himself he works better than for hire unless closely looked after. this | 4. Supply of colored labor: Supply and de- mand about equal. years. 5. Proportion of white to colored field la- bor: About one-third white and two-thirds colored. 6. Full day’s farm work: Hight hours. 7. Wages paid farm laborers: Wages range from $6 to $10 per month for males and to nine Very little changein5 — | generally succeed very well. 8 e | Jaborers do not work as well as when properly | controlled by whites; the ‘Any colored man who has an ox or mule can board, No standard for females; very few employed. 8. Work of women and children in the fields: White women, oxen very few, do not work in the field. nly a small number of colored women work regularly. hired by the day to hoe and pick The proportion is smatl to those who do no tleld work. The children do no regular work. They do some work in picking cotton. Gene- rally they do nothing or go to school. 9. System of labor most in use: The share system is most in use. The landowner fur- nishes land, stock, tools, &¢., and gives the laborer from four-tenths to five-tenths of the crop when gathered, the laborer providing for himself. When wages are paid yment is made at the end of the year, but in both cases the laborer usually gets advances in money and provisions through the whole year. 1u. Cost of producing merchantable cotton: About 8 cents per pound or $40 to a bale of 500 pounds. his includes capital invested. 11. Percentage for raising, Sarge and gin- ning cotton: Raising 6 cents, picking 14) ceuts, and ape i.e per pound of when cotton is bringing 10 cents a pound. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively hy whites and how they suceeed: A very small proportion of the farms, say 10 per cent., or 300, are worked exclusively by white labor. These are small farms and 13. Numberand acreage of farms worked ex- clusively by colored people and how they succeed: About two-tenths of the ms in the county, or say, 600, These are also dt farms and are not very sw do not manage as well, are extravagant and improvident. 14. Number and acreage of farms owned controlled or directed by whites ed by labor employed by them: umber of farms 2,400, total acreage 144,714; in cotton 72,357 acres, corn 39,651, oats 18,812, wheat 11,432, rye and barley 217, bigh land rice 20, 1,157. Average yield per acre: Pounds lint cot- ton 150, bushels corn 10, oats 1734, wheat 7, rye and barley 12%, sweet potatoes 75, peas 8, high land rice 17. Miscellaneous $30. 15. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tevants: The condition of col- ored farmers as land-owners is very , but the number of colored land-owners is small. As tenants their condition is not generally good, the majority of them barely paying ex- penses in average seasons. 16. Progress of colored farmers: Colored farmers are not making any progress, nor saving mouey, nor acquiring farms, except- ing a very few. 17. Numberand nationality, &e., of persons of foreign birth in the county: There are only a few in the county. Very few of them laborers. Notas good farm laborers as the colored. 18. Operation of the Stock law and its effects: The stock are much better cared for and better beef is furnished the market. Ex- penses are greatly reduced in buildingand re- pairing fences, which has increased the value of land. Regarded as the best law passed by the Legislature. 19. Lien law and its effect on white and colored people and farmers and merehants: Phe farmers generally favor its repeal, the merchants favor the law. Labor could be better controlled if the law were repealed. getalien, and many do not care whether they make much or little. 20. The Prohibition law, its general observ- ance and its good or bad effect: The law regulating licenses is not violated: is re- garded as a good law. Only two towns have voted No-license. be best. 21. Quantity and kind of land for sale: ! Average price when sold from $5 to $6 per acre. sale. 22. Number of cotton gins in county, &e.: About one hundred cotton gins in the county. They move about from point to point and gin about all the cotton. few still use the old horse gins, but the steam gins gin about all the crop 23. Remarks and suggestions, none. Chesterfield County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments in the county? Rice, flour and grist mills 45, lumber mills 16, turpen- tine stills 18, other manufactories 3; total es- tablishments 77. Capital employed, $145,- 200. Value of annual product, $218,000. Number of persons employed, whites 139, coiored 295; total 434. Note.—TLhe capital, product and hands em- ployed for two of the three miscellaneous manufactories could not be obtained, and hence such are not included in the above statement for capital, value of product and and persons employed. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. No cot- ton mills are in course of construction, or capital being raised for the same in the county. 3. Number of flour, grist and rice mills? Flour 7, grist 37, rice 1; total 45. Names and locations, notgiven. Numberof hands— white 40, colored 13; total 53. Capital em- ployed, $27,000. Value of annual product, $53,000, (estimated.) Class of product, no statement. Average toll, one-tenth. Water or steam power: Steam 8, water 37. centage of net profit, not given. Increase in business within the year, about same. 4, Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, 16. Location and name or proprietors, location not given. Name of proprietors: McNeil & ‘yhompson, McKay Co.,C. W. Ingram, G. W. Lany, A. J. Wil- son, J.S. Millerand 10 notstated. Number of hands, white 35, colored 27—total 62. Number of horses and mules 24. Capital employed, $10,000. Value of annual product, $25,000. Class of machinery, mostly first-class. W steam 8. Amount of horse-power used, from 12 to 20 horse power per mill; total horse- power 256. Increase in business within the year: small increase. 6. Turpentine stills, number, &c., 13. Lo- | cation and name of proprietors: Location, not given. Proprietors, D. B. Grant, J. W. McKay & Co., Douglass & Ansley, W. Milli- kin, and 9 others not named, Number of hands employed, white 50, colored 250: total 300. Capital employed, $102,200. Value of annual product, $121,500. Annual outturn, spirits turpentine, bbls., 5,150, rosin 16,500. ercentage of net profit: The business is shghtly decreasing. Increase or decrease, as above. 7. Other manutfactories: Hornsboro’-—W. A. Evans, shoes, harness, tannery, &c. Che- raw—A. A. Pollock, fertilizers. Cheraw—R. T. Barfield, furniture. Character, see above. Location, as above. Names, given above. Capital employed: W. A. Evans, $6,000. Total Prohibition would | Noland bought or held specially for | Toll 5 percent. A | Per- | i} ens? , and children, white and colored? ' one-half of field labor is performed by them. Jater or steam power, water §, | Two others, none given. Value of annual product: W. A. Evans, $18,500. Two others, not stated. Percentage of net profit, 5 per cent. MINEs. 1. Number mines in county, 3. Name and names of proprietors: Brewer Mine, owned by Com. Stockton’s heirs; Kirkley Mine, owned by C. L. Evans; Oro Mine, owned by J.J. Hicks. Location: Brewer and Oro, Jef- ferson; Kirkley, Mount Croghan. Character—Brewer, free ore surface wash- ing; Kirkley, same character (not in opera- tion;) Oro, gold bearing rock, no free ore (not in operation. J Capital employed: Brewer $60,000, Oro $1,500; total $61,500. Value of annual pro- duct, Brewer $10,000. Percentage of metal to ore per ton, Oro ore now being assayed in New York. Class of machinery, first-class. Number of hands, 10. Increase or decrease in business within the year, no statement. Percentage of net profit, not stated. 2. Number of quarries in county, given. none AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- | tural implements? Reapers 5, guano dis- tributors 150, harrows 125, stump pullers 1 or 2. Number steam engines in use on farms and their horse-power, 25, with from 8 to 20 sss ape each. 2. Head of improved stock, &c? From 10 ; to 12 head of thoroughbred—a good many grades. 38. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and with efficiency five years ago? The general opinion is that it is get- ting worse and worse, and thatit is not as efficient as it was five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year, with five years ago? There seems to be little difference. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? From 60 to 65 per cent. white. 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work ? Ten hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- From $8 to $10 per month, with ra- tions. 8. Extent of farm work done by women Nearly 9. System of labor most in use in the county ? Contract labor when wages are paid, or day’s labor, when the use of land is given for service rendered? The different Systems are pretty equally used. Terms, when money is paid for day’s labor, varies from 40 to 75 cents per day. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? Ten cents per pound and $50 per bale of 500 pounds. Percentage of this cost involved in raising, pickingandginning? Manures, 32 percent.; labor, &¢., 46 per cent.; total, 78 per cent. Picking, 16 per cent. Ginuing, 6 per cent. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked | exclusively by whites and with what suc- cess? Sixty-five per cent. They hold their own and make a living. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and with what success ? Thirty-five per cent. otfarms. The ' negroas a farmer (‘independent’) is a fail- ure. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? They are failures. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, Saving money and acquiring land? They are not. 16. Number of immigrants in the county. their nationality, &ce.? None moved in re- cently. stock. 18. The Lien law—its effect on white and colored people, farmers and merchants ? This law encourages the crediting of insol- ] 122 expenses and improves | ventand unreliable farmers, white and col- | ored, and causes losses to both Glasses, and also raises prices on cash customers. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and good or bad effect ? generally observed and enforced. One con- vietion under it this year in Sessions Court. 20. Quality and price of land for sale in the county? Land for sale trom light sandy to river-bottom. acre. 21. Number of cotton-gins, &¢.? ment, 22. Remarks and suggestions? The county needs energectic, pushing men for the de- velopment ofits water power and facilities for transportation so as toopen up the remote portions to the markets of this section. The county is now growing gradually but surely. No state- Chester County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of establishments: Cotton mills 2, flour and grist mills 13, cot- ton seed mill 1; total establishments 16. Amount of capital employed, $172,000. Value of annual products, $130,800. Number of cotton mills, 2. Names, Fish- ing Creek and Cedar Shoals. Location, both on Fishing Creek. Hands employed, 67. Capital employed, 398,000. Cotton con- sumed annually 470,000 pounds, or 940 bales of 500 Ibs. weight. Annual product: Pounds of yarn, 418,700, no cloth. Percentage of profit, 12 per cent. Spindles in operation, 3,724; looms, none. Water or steam, water 400 horse power. Increase in business in past twelve months small. Hands employed, total 52. No cotton mills in course of construction, white 50, colored 2; Os 3. Number of flour and grist mills, 13. Names and Jocations, not given. Hands em- ployed, white, 15. Capital employed, $39,000; value of annual product, $35,000 (estimated.) Average rate of toll, 1.10. Wateror steam, water 10; steam 3. Per cent. net profit, 15 per cent. (average.) eent. for past year. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, none. 6. Turpentine stills, &e., none. 7. Other manufactories, one. tawba Oil Company. Character, turing cotton seed oil, &c ©. H. Name of Company. Capital employed, $35,000. Value annual product, $33,000. Increase or decrease, in operation just a year, Per cent. of profits, 3 to 4 per cent. Name, Ca- manufac- Location, Chester proprietors, Catawba Oil MINEs. Number of mines in the county, none. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements: Sowers 12, reapers 50, sulkey ploughs 25; guano distributors, very common; stump pullers, none, Number of steam engines in use on farms, Increase in business, 15 per | Itis Prices trom $1 to $50 per | with average of 8-horse engine—total horse power 976. és 2 el 2. Kind of improved stock: anew South- downs 5U0; cattle, Ayrshire and Jerseys, yO, . mo 3. Efficiency of colored labor as re with last year. and with its efficiency five years ago? Not as good as it was in and depreciated from its status five years ago. 4. The supply of colored labor as com- pared with the demand, and with the a, # ply and demand five fonts nas Supply is short of demand and has contin so for the last five years, 5. Proportion of white to colored field pe pont One-fourth white to three-fourths colored, 6. Number of hours to fall day's farm work? Ten. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers? Males, board and to $8 per month; females not generally hired. 8. To what extent do women and cl . white and colored, work in the many white women. Children of races Sie very generally. Colo women gener- a ye ‘ 9. System of labor most in use? Share system, the laborer receiving for his wages a power to the | portion of the crop. | exclusively | . 10. Cost of producing merchan e cot- | ton: landlord, $8 per hundred pounds lint; tenants $10 per hundred pounds lint. | 11. Percentage of cost in raising. picking | and ginning cotton? Raising 74 per cent: picking 18 percent., and ginning 8 cent. 12. Number and aoredee of Worked exclusively’ by whites, and how suc- ceed? One-fourth to one-third of farms in the county, They succeed well. 13. Number and acreage of farms igo td by colored people, and with Whatsuccess? About 25 per cent. of the farms. / They do not sueceed well, unless landlords. | 14, Number and acreage of — owned || controlled or directed by whites a sored either exclusively with colored labor, or by white and colored, and how they s' in each case? Abont 50 per cent.; su - ler than farms worked exclusively by col- ored labor, ut not so well as farms worked exclusively by whites. 15. Condition of colored farmers as land- | owners and tenants? As land-owners, good; as tenants, bad. 16. Are colored farmers makin ?° Not as saving money and acquiri land ? a rule, but they do better as landlords. 17. Number of foreign born immi ts, their nationality, &c.? Comparativ: few; not at all common; don’t do well; go to town. 18. Operation of the Stock law and its et- fect? Excellent. Perceptiole effect in re- claiming waste places and improving stock. 19. The Lien law and its effect on white and colored people, on farmers and mer- chants? Asarule bad on farmers of both races. It is expensive, is abused, and is not in such good odor with merchants. 20. The Prohibition law—its observance. enforcement and effect. Liquor prohibited by Act of the Legislature in town and county ? The law has not been observed or enforced. \ 21. Quantity and kind of land forsale in county, its character and average price? Not very much for sale, and prices stiff, at from $5 to $15 per acre. 22. Number cotton gins, &c.? The old sys- tem of each farmer ginning out his own crop is abandoned to the extent of about 75 per cent. Outturn of steam gin per day, about 5,000 pounds of lint, Gins travel from place to plaee. Cotton not hauled over five miles togin. €harge, four cents per hundred and board. Remarks and suggestions: More Clarendon County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kinds of manufacturing es- {ablishments: Grist mills 44, lumber mills 18, turpentine stills 16, other manufactories 2: total 80. Capital employed, $303,450. Value of annual product, $484,600. Num- ber of persons employed: White 74, colored 502; total 576. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. 3. Number of ade mills, 44. Number of hands employed: White 33, colored 45; total 78. Capital employed, $39,250. Value small | white farms, fewer negroes and better roads. | ofannual product, $180,600. Class of pro- | duet, meal and hominy; average toll, one- eighth. Waterorsteam, water 7, steam 37. Percentage of profit, average 9 per cent. Increase or decrease in business in the past twelve months, average 9 per cent. increase. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, 18. Namesand locations: J. O. Brock, Friendship Township; C. M. Dayis, Isaac Johnson, W. S. Park, Santee Township; J. M. Spratt, Santee Township; | R. R. Dingle, St. James Township; W. 8. Harvin, Manning Township; B. R. Gibson, Sammy Swamp Township; O. F. Goodwin, Wilson & Co., Mount Zion Yownship; B. R Hudgens, W. W. Stulls, Brewington Town- aaa A.S. Boyle & Co., E. W. Cooper & Co., 5. E. Ingram, Plowden’s Mills Township; D. M. Bradham, Harmony ove J. E. Brun- son, Midway Township; J. Dickinson, Moti’s Township. Number of hands em- loyed: White 78, colored 202; total 280. Number of horses and mules, 124. Two loco- motive engines employed in transportation on tramways. Capital employed, $161,000. Value of annual product, $181,000. Class of machinery, first class with the exception of three mills. Amount of horse power, nearly 500. Percentage of net profit, 10 to 20 per cent. Increase or decrease in business in twelve months: Fifteen 25 percent. increase, three 5 per cent. decrease. 6. Turpentine stills, &¢.,16. Location, &e.: Weeks & Lesesne, Friendship Township; Land & Wells, S. M. Nickson, Santee Town- ship; Grantham & Johnson, Summerton P. O.; Cole & Cantey, Mount Zion Township; C.S. Land, S. E. Conyers, J. H. Johnson, Brewing- ton Township; Land & McFaddin, Brown -& Co., Plowden’s Mills Township: Pier- son & Bro., (2) New Zion Township; P. Hin- son, Sandy Grove Township; Tuberville & Green, Douglass Township; W. P. Hinson, J.W. Kennedy, Mott’s Township. Number of hands: White 60, colored 252; total 3-2. | Capital employed, $100,500. Value of an- nual product, $114,500. Annual -outturn: Spirits turpentine 6,980 barrels, rosin 26,- 360. Peicentage of net profit, none. In- erease or decrease in business in the last twelve months, decrease 15 per cent. 7. Other manufactories: Manning—S. A. Rigby, buggies and wagons; Packsville—Geo. | M. Curtis, buggies and wagons. Capital em- ployed, $3,200. Value of annual product, $3.500. Increase or decrease, decrease 20 | per cent. Percentage of net profit, 20 per | cent. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kinds of improved agricul- tural implements ? Sowers 4, reapers 2, guano distributors 12, harrows 12; total 30. Num- 2B ber of steana engines in use on farms ang horse power, none, especially for farm use. 2. Number of head of improved stock? Jerseys, 2. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and with its efficiency five years ago? Ten per cent.or more less effi- cient than in 1882,and 60 per cent. less than in 1878. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and | demand last year and five years ago? Supply by no means equal to the demand—supply has been decreasing since 1878. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? White 5 per cent., remainder colored. 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? Eight to ten, according to locality. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? Males $8 to$10, females $4 to $6. The latter scarcely ever hire. , 8. Extent of the work of women and chil- dren, whiteand colored, in the fields? Whites work regularly on small farms. Colored women and children pick cotton. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? Contract labor. Wages are gene- _ rally paid. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? Forty dollars per bale of 500 pounds weight. 11. Percentage of cost in raising, picking and ginning? Raising $30 per bale, picking $7 50, ginning $2 50. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and how they suc- ceed? Number 372. acres 12,160. They are looking uprapidly. The ‘*New issue” of whites work well. 13. Numberand acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and how they succeed? Number of farms 670, acres 17,- 000. The stores, the Lien law, &c., Keep the darkies under a heavy load—some rare ex- ceptions, of course. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? Poor indeed. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money and xequiring lands? No! 16. Number of foreign-born immigrants, nationality, &c.? None. Some foreigners, but they did not come as immigrants. 17. Operation of the Stock law and its effects? In 17-19ths of the townships it is popular, in 2-19ths neutral. Generally it is fast growing into favor. 18. The Lien law—its effect on the white and colored people, on farmers and mer- chants? One township favors it, eighteen abuse and curse it. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance and enforcement, and good or bad effect? Is very popular with most white men. AI- together popular with women. Some do not observe it. 20. Quantity and kind of land for sale in the county, character and average price? Thirty-eight thousand acres for sale. Fair timber and plough lands. Price from $3 to $6 per acre. 21. Number of gins, &c.? 101. Average cost of per day to gin, 3 bales. 314 miles. Charge for ginning, $2 25 per bale. No cleaners; a few condensers. 22. Remarksand suggestions? We have an abundance of good timber, such as pine, cypress, walnut, &c. Many hard woods are to be found on the margin of the Santee and Black Rivers. Our lands are susceptible of high improvement. I have made 3,200 pounds seed cotton per acre, 75 bushels of corn and 500 bushels of sweet potatoes. Oats thrive excellently well. Grapes do well. Number of gins, gin $450. Outturn Distance of hanling Socially we are hospitable. Education is engaging the attention of all classes, and more is expended in training the young than in ante-bellum times. We could very well take on a little more religion—that is sume- what scarce. It is healthy here. Apart from a portion of the Santee section it is as healthy as the mountain region. Our needs are many. We want less stumps, less ‘old fogies,” less office- hunters, less offices, more of the improved | implements of husbandry and “push.” Colleton County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing establishments: Grist mills 48, lumber mills 32, turpentine 24; total 104. Capital em- loyed, $512,000. Value of annual product, 618,000. Number of persons employed: Whites 339, colored 733; total 1,072. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in the course of construc- tion in the county, and no companies being organized nor capital being raised for the same. 3. Number of grist mills, 48. Number of hands emplovet: White 45, colored 75; total 120. Capital employed, $48,000. Value of annual product, $25,000. Classes of product, grist and meal. Rate of toll, \. ater or steam power, generally steam. Percentage of net profit, 7 per cent. Increase in business within the year, about 3 per cent. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Number of lumber mills, 32. Number of hands Sa Whites 172, colored 344; total 516. umber of horses and mules emnlogens 288. Capital employed, $320,- 000. Value of annual product, about $425,- 000. Class of machinery, first-class. ater or steam power, steam. Amount of horse- ower—average 35, total 1,120 horse-power. ercentage of net profit, varies widely, about 20 per cent. Increase or decrease in the business within the year, owing to growing decrease of standing timber there has been a decrease of about 15 per cent. 6. Number of turpentine establishments, 24. Number of hands employed: Whites 112, colored 314; total 426. Capital em- ployed, $144,000. Value of annual product, $168,000. Annnal outturn, spirits of tur- ntine 10,200 barrels, rosin 41,800 barrels. ercentage of net profit, not over 10 per cent. Increase or decrease in the business within the year, there has been a decrease of about 15 per cent. owing to scarcity of trees. 7. Other manufactories, none. MINES. 1. Mines, &c., none except phosphates. 2. Quarries, &c., none. AGRICULTURE. i. Number and kinds of improved agricul- tural implements? Not more than a half dozen modern improved implements. Steam engines used on farms, &c., none. 2. Heads of improved stock, &c.? Very few improved or unimproved stock, and not suf- ficient to state what are considered the best. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and its efficiency five years ago? Ascompared with last year, about 12 per cent. less, and about 40 per cent. less than it was five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared | with the demand, and with supply and de- mand last year and five years ago? Supply by no means equal to the demand this year, and the same as to last year and five years ago. 5. Proportion of white to colored field labor? | White 2 5 to colored 3-5. 6. Number of hours to full day’s work? Ten hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? From $8 to $10 for male, and from $4 to $6 for female labor. 8. Extent of field work done by women and children, white and colored ? Colored women and children, except on the rice plantations, do the light work. White women seldom work in the fields. White children are usually employed to do light labor. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? About equally divided between the wages system and the use-of-land system. 10. Cost of prodaciog eae About $45 per bale of 500 pounds. 11. Number and ae eof farms worked exclusively by white men and with whatsuc- cess? About 460 farms, ting 14,000 | acres. Both in the manner of working and the acreage there is great progress and in- crease over former years. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and with what success? About 700 farms tin accreting ts 15,000 acres. These farms are acreage and are making no progress in proved farming. 13. Condition of colored farmers as land- lorcs and tenants? farm owners see above reply to query 12. As tenants their in- ee Hear nth erie fimmigrants . Number and nationa’ ° n in the county, &c.? Very few with a fixed tenure of residence. ; 15. Operation of Stock law? It is bene- ficial. Just at present it is increasing ex- | penses. In three years it will improve the value of stock about 20 per cent. 16. The Lien law—its effecton white and colored farmers and merchants? It hasa tendency to destroy the independence and | energy of classes who resort to the lien for getting advances. It operates more disas- | trously on the colored people and is about equal gain and loss to merchants. 17. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? The law has re- duced the percentage of crime 50 per cent. | and is stringently enforced. 18. Quantity, kind aad price of land for sale in the county? About 100,000 acres | forsale of “pine barren” land. Price aver- ages $4 per acre. 29. Number of cotton gi s in the county, &ec.? Number of gins, 62. Average distance | hauled to gin, from 4 to5 miles. Outturn to gin per day, from 3 to 5 bales. 20. Remarks and suggestions: The agricul- | tural interests of Colleton County are only | partially developed, there being buta very | small percentage of its total area under cul- | tivation. Its rice lands are equal in fertility to any in the State, and they are extensively and profitably cultivated. The forests, un- fortunately for the farmer, but fortunately for one of the chief industries of the county, (saw milling,) are as boundless as they are excellent in quality. These forests consist of ae oak of several kinds, and and _ hickory. The swamps abound with cypress, which is one of the most valuable trees for the purposes of trade as well as home con- sumption. As a general rule the county is well watered. | Its general sanitary condition is good, with the exception of some malarial localities which are only insalubrious during the sum- mer and early autumn, but such locations are invariably surrounded by contiguous ' and healthful pine ridges where resort can be readily had during the malarial period. As will be seen the county has no manu- factures save the lumber, grist milling and turpentine interests. : The social condition of the county is rap- idly improving with the education of the present generation. The people of the county are,as of old, noted for their hospitality, eenial manners and sunny temperaments, their courtesy to strangers and their gracious mannersin general. They take kindly to strangers, aud welcome rather than repel settlers from other sections of the country. The present necessities of the people of Colleton are better educational facilities, a greater diffusion of sound knowledge, the strict enforcement of the stock law, the early repeal of the Lien law as at present de- moralizing the normal relation of capital and labor, fewer State and county canvasses, the strict enforcement ofthe Prohibition law, local option law as regards the support of the public schools, and lastly, the continuance of good government. Richland County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufactures in eounty: Grist mills 21, foundries 4, lumber mills 12, turpentine stills 17, other manufactures 17—total 71. Capital employed $466,000; value of an- || nual product $1,000,000. Number persons employed: White males, 526; white females, 103; colored males, 587, colored females, 34. Total, 1,250. 2. Number cotton mills none. Number and name of companies organ- ized and raising capital for the establish- ment of cotton mills, &c., none. 3. Number of flour and grist mills: Flour mills, none; grist mills, 21. Names and Locations—\ibson & Co., Co- lumbia. The rest are small country mills scattered throughout the county. are not merchant mills, but are chiefly used to grind corn into meal and grist for imme- diate neighborhood wants, and are run one or two days in the week. Capital employed $40,000; value of annual product $56,000. Class of product, grain, meal and grits of good quality. Average rate of toll, one-tenth. Kind of power used, water 5 mills, steam 16. Net profit, 30 per cent. Increase in last twelve months, 25 per cent. 4. Number of foundries ormachine shops, location and name: Columbia—lozer & Dial’s foundery, Congaree Iron Works, Pal- metto Iron Works, Phoenix Iron Works. Number hands employed: White 59, col- | ored 35. Total 94. Capital employed $72,000; used 60; value of annual product $105,000; net profit not given; increase in business in last twelve months 40 per cent. 5. Number of lumber mills, 12. and name of proprietors: Killian’s—Killian «& Bro., steam. Columbia—(Postoffice)—W. W. Dent, water; i. D. Gilmore, water; John McLaughlin, water; Wm. P. Roberts, water; Levi Sharw, water; John Stack, steam; D. Stack, steam. Frank Hampton, steam. Wateree—A. G. Clarkson, steam. Hopkins—John Agnew, steam. Doko—W. W. Clowd, steam. Number of hands employed: White 60, Colored 60; total 120. Number of horses and mules employed 48. Capital employed $36,000; value of an- nual products $60,000; kind of power used, water 5,steam 7; amount horse-power used Location These | horse-power | 240; net profit, not given. Increase in last twelve months, three mills, or 25 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &e._Number 17; loca- tion and names of proprietors : Eastover—Henry Dixon. Colum bia—(Postoffice)—Charles Jones, Jno. Freeman, Henry Wise, Husk & Woody, W.H. Stack, (2) W. D. Stack, J. H. Hogan, Hack Martin, Roberts & Roberts, Rose & Rose, L. W. Strickland, John Frost, Edward Martin, W. P. Corley, Lemuel Shannon. Number hands employed: White 255, col- ored 255; total 510. Capital employed, $122,000; value of an- nual product, $340,000. Annual out-turn: Spirits turpentine, 17,000 casks; rosin, 68,000 barrels; tar and pitch, none; net proat, not given. Increase or otherwise in usiness in last twelve months: Increase 3 mills or 18 per cent. Other Manufactories. Name and character, with location in Co- lumbia: 1. Printing and Publishing—C. A. Calvo, Jr.. W. B. McDaniel, wm. Sloane, C. R. Me- Junkin, James Woodrow, D. D. 2. Ice-making—C. C. Habenicht. 3. Boots and Shoes—A. C. Dibert. 4, Hosiery—Columbia Hosiery Company. 5. Soda Water—C. C. Habenicht. 6. Cotton Seed Oil—Gibson & Co. 7. Wagons, &c.—Howie & Sons, P. Motz. 8. Cigars—L. R. Marshall. 9. Doors, Sash and Blinds—C, O. Brown «& Bro., F. W. Wing. 10. Gun-making—F. W. Husemann, P. W. Kraft. Capital employed: Printing and publishing................... $ 41,000 Ice-making............scce 10,000 Boots and shoes 50,000 | Hosiery.. 40,000 | Soda wate 1,500 Cotton seed oil. 20,000 Wagons, &¢..... 11,500 CIGAR ratenenstenadees anes 500 Door, sash and blinds - 16,000 (GaUUTA MON IGN Oss ciratnaeearanadaveuhiensberadewccessee 5,500 PRO Lease a eucessemenecewe nc eae extends caed ass $196,000 Number hands employed: White males | 129, females 1038; colored males 212, females | months: | 25 per cent; ice 34. Total 478. Value of annual products: Printing, publishing, Qe... ctw .cs $ 53,00v Ice-making...........000008 - 16,800 Boots and shoes - 175,000 Hosiery........ 70,000 Soda water..... 2,500 Cotton seed oil. 90,000 Wagons, &e. 11,000 Cigars........ 500 Door, sash Gin-making Total “other manufactories’’...... $439,800 Increase or otherwise in last twelve Printing, publishing, &c., increase making, increase 10 per ' cent; boots and shoes, increase 25 per cent; hosiery, Started in May; soda water, increase oO per cent; cotton seed oil, started in No vember; wagons, «&c., increase 20 per cent, cigars, increase 100 per cent; door, sash ana blind,.increase 50 per cent; gunmaking, in- crease 25 per cent. Percentage of net profit not given. MINES. 1. Number of mines in county, none. 2. Number quarries 3—each working about half the year. Location, name and proprietors: Green Quarry, near Columbia; and Kinsler Quarry, Columbia; both operated by Pearce Granite Works; State Quarry, Columbia, worked by Penitentiary. Character—Granite of fine quality. Class of machinery used—At Green and Kinsle’ quarries steam hoisters and drills are used; at Penitentiary quarry primitive tools, Capital used at Green and Kinsler quar- ries $5,000; at Penitentiary quarry nomi- nal, Value of annual ouat-turn 350,000. Number hands employed: White 25, col- ored 84; total LO9. AGRICULTURE, 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements: Sowers 1 sulky ploughs 3, guano distributors 2,246, harrows 748, mowers 50, horse rakes 25, pulverizers 3, Number of steam engines used on farms: 30, with 8 average horse power; total horse power 240. 2. Number and head of improved stock: 30 head of Jersey cattle and about 150 head of broad-tail sheep. These breeds are most highly thought of. Q. The efficiency of colored labor as com- pared with last yearand with its efficiency five years ago? A. There is a difference of opinion on this question. Generally labor is regarded as be- coming more inefficient every year; yet seme say that when they are paid good wages and are well treated the colored laborers are more efficient than formerly. Q. The supply of colored laboras compared with the demand, and the supply and de- mand last year, and five years ago? A. Five years ago the supply wassuflicient. Last year labor was scarce, and this year it has been difficult to get. Q. Proportion of white to colored field labor? A. White, 15 per cent.; colored, 85 percent. Q. Number of hours to the full day’s farm work? A. Nine. Q. Wages paid male and female farm laborers ? A. Males, $9 amonth and board. Females, $5 a month and board. Wages per day 30 to 50 cents, without board. Q. Extent of work done by women and | children in the fields, white or colored? A. Possibly 1 per cent. of the whites and 50 per cent. of colored. Chiefly in hoeing and harvesting. Q. System of labor most in use? A. Both the wages and share system pre- vail to about the same extent. Q. Cost of producing merchantable cotton ? A. Eight cents per pound, $40 per bale of 500 pounds. Q. Percentage of cost in raising, picking and ginning? ; A. Raising 72 per cent., picking 20 per SARS SRS 8 per cent, Q. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and their success? A. Farms, 200; average acres to farm, 35; | reapers 50, | | or by white and colored, and how ceed in each case? a A. Farms 1,540, acres 50,820. E,: the farms worked bape by whites, those worked entirely by blacks, it taken that the remainder, abouttwo-tl the whole number in the county, trolled or directed by whites and exclusively with colored labor. In cases where the white men own and are free from debt they are pi | and successful; but where they give lien the growing crops, employ ineflicient Is and makeall cotton tothe exclusion of o crops they are not succeeding well. pies ae there are too many of the class. ; Q. The condition of colored farm landowners and tenants? A. The few colored landowners ’ very well on small farms. As tenants th are a failure. —— Q. Progress of colored farmers in money and acquiring land ? A. Colored farmers are not gener making any progress in saying money anc acquiring Jand, ~~ Q. Foreign-born immigrants, their nation- ality, &e. ? wat A. In 1880 there were only 419 born persons in the county. ere are white immigrants. ; Q. Operation of Stock law and its effeet ? A. It is reducing expenses ce ly as much as the value of the fences , and is having a good effect in improving > especially cattle. - The Lien law—its effect on the white and colored farmers and the merchants ? /. A. Itis generally condemned by all classes / except the colored tenants. It demoralizes labor and is pernicious in all its effects. This yeu itis very hurtful to merchants, owing \_ to the short crops. Q. The Prohibition law—its good or bad effect and observance-? A. The effect is good where the law is ob- served, but in some sections of the county it is not enforced. Q. Quantity, kind and average price of land for sale in the county ? A. There is very little offered or held for sale, but good land can be bought for from $2 to $10 per acre. total acres in such farms, 7,000. Such farms succeed better than any other class asa rule. Q. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and theirsue- | cess? A, Farms, 440; average acres to farm, 33; total acres ini such farms, 14,520. Asarule they are not as suecessful as those worked exclusively by whites. #4 Q. The number and the acreage of farms | owned, controlled or directed by whites and worked either exclusively with eelored labor, Q. Number of cotton gins, cost, &e. ? A. Number, 31; average cost of gin, $150 to $350: average out-turn r day to gin, 3,000 pounds of lint. Distance seed cotton hauled to gin, one mile. | Charges for ginning, 50 cents per hun- dred pounds of lint ginned out. Num- ber bales ginned annually, 11,000. Cleaners used, none. Q. Remarks, suggestions or information generally ? A. The me Pee 3 | from those of inte selves: The large tracts of land now owned bya few pores should be sold to working white men in small areas, instead of being rented to colored tenants, who injure it by bad cultivation. The Homestead and Lien laws should be abolished anda dog law enacted. cul- | turalimplements of improved kinds should || be generally used, and farm supplies should | be raised at home. So much for the county | or farming interests. | As to the City of Columbia, the needs are manufactures, general business enterprise and education. The Columbia canal now being developed by the State will,op its eompletion three suggestions are embodied ligent land-owners them- years hence, give 11,000 horse-power at the very doors of Columbia. This is the finest water power in the State, and its utilization will unquestionably instantly follow its de- velopment. There are sites for eight huge fac- jories near the lower terminus of the canal. Within five years every one of these sites will doubtless be occupied and the population of Columbia doubled. Columbia is most advantageously situated as a wholesale market, and only needs rail- way consideration and the stimulus of mer- | eantile enterprise to become the mart of half the State. With the re-establishment of the South Carolina College and the recent organization | of a magnificent public school system, Co- lumbi« needs only a high school to complete her educational progression. As THt NEWS AND COURIER has shown very often of late, Columbia is progressing; trade has never been so good nor on so healthy a basis since 1860, and the business of the city is extending largely. Population is increasing notably, and much building is || foing on to meet the demand for houses. he city is flourishing, and-its citizens are serene and hopeful. York County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments ? Cotton mills 2, flour and erist mills 20,Jumber mills 20, other manu- factories 6; total 48. Number persons em- ployed: white 241, colored 55; total 296; Amount Value of annual product, $438,000. 2. Number of cotton mills, 2. Names, Cherokee Mills, Rock Hill Cotton Factory Company. Location: Cherokee, Cherokee Falls, Broad River; Rock Hill Factory, Rock Hill. Caffital employed, $196,000. Value kilns, $10,000; printing, &c., $8,000. Num ber of hands employed: White 12. colored 8; tota] 20. MINES. 1. Number of mines in the county? Five. ' Names.and names of proprietors, &c: Mag- netic Mine—I. W. Seacrest, Smith’s Ford, on Broad River. 2. McSwain Mine—I, W.Seacrest, Bullock’s near Creek. |* 3. Wilson Mine, No. 1—John G. Black, Wolf Creek, near Black's Station. 4. Wilson Mine, No. 2— —— , five of capital employed, $305,000. | || could have believed. ofannual product, $185,000. Product per | annum, 1,112,971 pounds of yarn. Per- | miles from Yorkville, on Allison Creek. 5. Baryte Mine—J. W. Davies, location not given. Character: The Magnetic. MeSwain and 2 Wilson mines are gold. The Magnetic has been running a ten-stamp mill for nearly four years, Six veins developed with abun- dance of goldore. It is the intention of the |, proprietor to increase the power during the | year. Capital invested, $30,000. In the MeSwain Mine ores are now being raised, and the mill and other machinery on the ground. Capital invested, $12,000. Wilson Mine, No. 1, is an old mine now be- ing reopened. Amount invested, exclusive of cost of property, $5,000. In Wilson mine, No. 2, machinery to the amount of $5,000 is now being placed in po- sition. The Baryte Mine is being worked $2,000 of invested capital. Note.—On the creeks tributary to the Broad River and in otber loecalitiesof York County there are a number of placer mines worked and yielding satisfactory results, though the amount invested or the net yield cannot be obtained definitely. Col. Seacrest, an experienced miner, has recently prospected along Broad River, and with | reports the prospect more promising than he cee of net profit, not stated. Amountof | spindles in operation, looms, none. Water or steam power, water “unlimited; steam, 150 horse power. In- erease or decrease, not stated. Number of pends employed, white 139, colored 7: total 3. Number of flour and grist mills? Twenty. Names, locations, &¢., not given. Number of hands employed, 50 (estimated.) Capital employed, $80,000. Value of annual pro- duct, $160,000 (estimated.) Average toll, not Stated. Water or steam, water 17, steam 3. Percentage of net profit, not given. Increase or decrease: slight increase. 4. Foundries and machine shops? There are in the county three repair shops, one of which in Yorkville does foundry work ona small seale. : 5. Lumber mills, number, 20. Hands em- ployed, 50 white, 30 colored; total 80. Capi- tal employed, $20,000. Value of annual product $75,000. 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. : * 7. Other-manufactories, 6.- Lime kilns, 4. Proprietors, John W. Rhyne, Robt. A. West- 11,936. Number of b ¢ || owned by a Northern company, and iron ore brook, John Hogue and —— Williams. Loca- | tion of all these kilns, near Black’s Station, Air-Line Railroad. Product of each kiln. 900 bushels per month, worth at kiln 25 cents per bushei. Printing and publishing, 2. Location, name, &c., Yorkville Enquirer, Yorkville, L. M. Grist; Rock Hill Herald, Rock Hill, Rock Hill Company. Capital employed: Lime kilns. $4,000; printing, &¢., $5,000, (estimated.) Total other manufactories, $9,000. alue of annual preduet: Lime He has leased several pieces of mining land with the view of de- veloping them atan early day. There is other mining property in the county, notably King’s Mountain gold mine, beds in the same vicinity, but they are now, idle. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Improved implements increasing every year. Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse- power? Fifty portable engines for ginning, threshing, &e. 2. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? No change worth noting within the past year; far more efficient than five years ago. 3. Supply of colored labor compared with demand,and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? The supply is equal to the demand. 4, Proportion of white to colored farm labor? One-fifth white. 5. Number of hours to full day's farm work? Sun uptosun down. 6. Wages paid male and female farm laborers? Average $10 per month. 7. Extent of farm woérk done by women and children, white and colored? Colored women work to some extent; white and col- ored male children also. i 8. System of labor most in use? Contract labor, where wages are paid, or day’s labor, where the use of land is given for service. Different systems about equally prevalent. 9. Number and average of iarms worked P a exclusively by whites, and success? Com- paratively few; but the white small farmer succeeds well. 10. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and success? | No reply. 11. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? The few who have the ability to acquire land are good managers and prosper. 12. Are colored farmers making progress, Only pros- saving money and acquiring lands? to a limited extent. here are a few perous landowners in the county. 13. Number of immigrants, their nation- ality, &c.? There are a very few. ployed as laborers give satisfaction. 14. The Lien law—its effect on the whites | and colored people, on farmers and mer- chants? question. The small farmer, and especially the colored farmer who works land on his | own account, could not get along without the | Lien law. The merchants favor it as do those land owners who furnish supplies to their | colored tenants, and she coiored people uni- versally favor it. independent farmers who do not have to avail themselves of its benefit. If puttoa Si the majority of voters would sustain the aw. 15. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and good or bad effect? Effect good—generally enforced. 16. Quantity and kind of land for sale in county, character and pri¢e? None offered, and none sold except in closing estates, &c. Hampton County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments: Grist mills, 35; lumber mills, 17; turpentine stills, &c., 10; tie-cutting gangs, 5; total,67. Amount of capital em- ployed, $168,000. Value of annual product, $720,000. Number of persons employed: WV hites, 236; colored, 574; total, 810, 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton millsin the county in course of construction, or companies being organ- ized or capital being raised for the establish- ment of the same. 3. Number of grist mills, 35. Names and locations, not stated. Number of hands em- ployed: Whites, 56; colored, 14; total, 70, Capital employed, $20,000. Value of annual product, $16,000. Class of product, best quality of meal and hominy. Average toll, one-eighth. power: Water, 12; steam,23. Percentage of net profit, 6 per cent. within the year; 4 per cent. steam. 5. Number of lumber mills, 17. Loca- tion, name, &¢c., not given. Number of increase in hands employed: Whites, 72; colored, 288; | total, 360. Number of horsesand mules, 325. Capital employed, $100,000. Valueof an- nual product, $654,000. Classof machinery, good. Waterorsteam power: Steam. Amount of horse power: Average, 15 horse power to mill; total, 255 horse wer. Percentage of net profit, 8 per cent? ecrease in business within the year, 26 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c.: Number of estab- lishments, 10. Location, &c¢., not given. Number of hands employed: Whites, 88; col- ored, 192; total, 280. Capital employed, $43,000. Value of annual produet, $50,000. Annual outturn: Spirits turpentine, 1,000 barrels; rosin, 7,000 barrels. Percentage of net profit, 10 per cent. Increase in || ness within the year, 5 Those em- | Public opinion is divided on this | It is opposed mainly by | | dered; contract, | day’s wages are paid ped > for males and | 25 cents per day for females. Water or steam | Increase of business | . establishments: usi- | i per cent. manufactories: Number of gangs, 5 ter, cutting railway ties. pi $5,000. umber of bands Whites, 20; colored, 80; total, 100, annual product, $50,000. Percentage of net profit, 10 per cent. AGRICULTURE, m 1. Number and kinds of improved agricul- tural implements? No statement. r of steam engines in use on farms, 15; average borse power, 6; total, 90. a 2. Head of improved stock? Only a few se Rmeien f colored labor as compared 3. Efficiency of colored labor as with last year, and with efficiency five years ago? Better than last year or five years ago 4. Supply of colored labor as with the demand, and with the su and demand last year and five years ago? Good farm hands less in number, 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? White, one-fifth; colored, four-fifths. 6. Number of hours to fall day’s farm work? | Nine hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? Wages: Average, 33%, cents for males and 25 cents per day for females. 8. Extent of farm work done by women _ and children, white and colored? Work to some extent; greater proportion of colored than whites. ‘ 9, System of labor most in use? Contract labor when wages are paid, or day’s labor when the use of land is given for service ren- about four-fifths. When 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ne cotton? Average, 7 cents per pound of int. 11. Percentage of cost involved in raising, | ginning and picking? Raising,s6: r | cent. and 374, per cent. for nicki cae em. ning. 11. Number and acreage of farms worked | exclusively by whites,and with what suc- cess? Estimated, 15 by whites exclusively; all prospering. 12. Numberand average of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and with what success? Estimated, 1.300; about one- half prosperous. 13. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? As freeholders, con- tented; but few tenants doing well. 14. Are‘colored farmers making pro, saving money and acquiring farms? Only a few. 15. Operation of the Stock law? Beneficial to all in every way. colored farmers and merchants? Ruinous to farmers. 2 17. Quantity, kind and price of land for 16. The Lien law—its effect on white and ' sale in the county? Twenty thousand acres of fair pine land at an average of $3 per acre. 18..Number of cotton gins, &c.? Number 175, (estimated.) Outturn, 21g bales per day. Charge, % cent per pound for ginning. Ave- rage distance hauled to gin, five miles, when hauled. About 10,000 bales ginned in the eounty annually. Marion County. MANUFACTURES, 1. Number and kind of manufacturing Flour and grist mills, 90; lumber mills, 31; turpentine stills, 22; other manufactories, 1; foundries and machine shops, 1; total establishments, 145. Amount of capital employed, $337,500. Value of arene product, $557,500. Number of per- sonsemployed: Whites, 350; colored, 581, total, 931. ee 3 9. Cotton mills, none. No cotton milis in the county in course of construction nor companies being organized or raising capital for establishing the same. : : , 3. Number of flour and grist mills, 90. Number of hands employed: White, 180: col- ored. 90; total, 270. \apital employed, $145,- 000. Value of average product, 280,000 || bushels, valued at $280,000. Class of products, flour, meal, &c.; average toll, one- eighth. Water orsteam: Steam, 80; water, 10. Percentage of net profit, 10 per cent. Increase in business in last twelve months, 10 per cent. : 4. Foundries and machine shops, 1; loca- tion and name of proprietor: Marion vourt- house, E. McDuffie. Number of hands em- loyed: Whites, 3. Capital employed, $2,500. alue of annual product, $4,500. Horse- power used, 10. Percentage of net profits, 15 per cent. 5. Lumber mills: Number, 31. Number of hands employed: Whites, 77; colored, 223; total, 10. Number of horses and mules, 124. Capital employed, $77,500. Value of annual product, $154,000. Class of machinery, fair. Water or steam: Water, 4; steam, 27; amount of horse-power, 775. Percentage of net profit, 18 per cent. In- crease in business in last twelve months, 5 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c.: Number, 22. Number of hands employed: White, 88; colored, 264; total, 352. Capital employed, $110,000. Value ofannual product, $104,- | 400. Annual. outturn: Spirits of turpen- tine, 4,400 barrels; rosin, 17,600 barrels. Percentage of net profiit, 10 per cent. In- erease or decrease, about the same. | 7. Other manufactories, &c.: Character— | Planing mill and house furnishing; loca- | tion, Marion Courthouse; name of proprie- tors, Hart & Brother. Capital employed, $2,500. Value of annual product, $15,000. Inerease or decrease in busines, about the same. Percentage of net profit, 15 per cent. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agri- cultural implements? Reapers, 27; sulky ploughs, 4, and numerous harrows. Num- ber of steam engines in use on farms and their horse-power, seventy; horse-power, 700. 2. Heads of improved stock? Very littie improved stock in the county, though an impetus is felt in that direction. There are probably 30 Jerseys, 38 Devons, 5 Ayrshire and a largenumber of grade cattle; Devons and Merinoes thought the most of. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? From twenty answers, 5 say 5 per cent. less than last year and 20 per cent. less than 5 years ago; 3 say 10 per cent. less than last year, and 25 per cent. less than 5 years ago; 9 say 5 percent. less than last year, and 25 per cent. less than 5 years ago; 3 say 15 per cent. less than last year, and 20 per cent. ess than 5 years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and de- mand last year and five years ago? Demand steadily increasing, efficiency decreasing. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? Two-thirds colored, one-third white. 6. Number ofhours to full day’s farm work? No rule, about nine hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers? Males $12, females $7 per month, without board; with board, males $9, fe- males $5. 8. Extent of farm work done by women and children, white and colored? Colored ; women and children work 50 per cent. of time; white women very little; white chil- dren about 50 per cent. 9. System of labor most in use in the county ? Contract labor, when wages are paid; or day’s labor, when the use of land is given for services rendered. Seventy per cent. of Jabor paid by month under contract, and 30 per cent. day’s labor as above. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? About 7 cents a pound, or $35 per 500 pound bale. 11. Percentage of this cost involvedin rais- ing, picking and ginning cotton? Raising 7-10, picking 2-10, ginning 1-10; or raising, 4.9 cents per pou: d of lint; picking, 1-4 cents, and ginning .7 cents. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked | exclusively by whites, and with what suc- cess? Number of farms worked exclusively | by whites, 900; average acres to farm, 30; | success tolerable. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people,and with what success? Number offarmsowned and worked exclusively by negroes, 300; number of | farms rented and worked by negroes exclu- sively, 500; average acres to colored farm, 30; success, little or none. 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled or directed by whites,and worked either exclusively with colored or with white and colored and how they succeed ? Number of such farms, 1,000; average acres to farm, 82; success is always greater where the farm is controlled by a white man whether the labor is performed by whites or negroes. 15. Condition of colored farmers as land owners and tenants? Not good; must be su- pervised. 16. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money and acquiring land? No 17. Number of foreign born immigrants, their nationality, &c.? None, 18. Operation of Stock law, &c.? It is be- lieved that the law will prove a blessing to the county. Its good results are just begin- ing to be felt. 19. The Lien law—its effect on white and \ colored farmers and merchants? The pre- vailing opinion is that it unduly expands eredit and should be repealed. 4 20. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement ad effect? Works well. 21. Quantity, Kind and price of lands in the county for sale? Little for sale; average $8 per acre when sold. 22. Number of cotton gins, &¢c.? Gins 300; cost $300,000; average outturn, 5 bales per day; number bales ginned annually, 25,000; average distance hauled to gin, 2 miles; there are 30 cleaners and they work well. 23. Remarks and suggestions? Greater efficiency in labor is needed, more diversi- fied agriculture, more general use of im- proved agricultural implements, fewer col- ored tenants, greater shipping facilities and an improved ‘‘Road law.” Lexington County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kinds of manufacturing establishments : Cotton mills. 2, grist mills, 30; lumber mills, 21; turpentine stills, 12; other manufactories, 7. Total establish- ments, 72. Capital employed, $485,000. Value annual product, $538,000. Number persons employed: White males 337, white females 103: colored males 400, eolored fe- males 10; total 850. 2. Number of cotton mills, 2. Names and location: Saluda, Saluda River, two and a half miles from Columbia; Red Bank Creek, eleven miles from Columbia, Capital employed : Saluda Mills, $250,000 Red Bank Mills, $70,000. Total for both mills, $320,000, Pounds of cotton consumed annually: Sa- luda Mills, 1,000,000 pounds; Red Bank Mills, 290,000; total for both mills 1,290,000 pounds, or 2,580 bales of 500 pounds weight. Pounds yarn per annum: Saluda Mills, 350,000; Red Bank Mills, 252,000; total, 1,102,000. J Per cent, of net profit: Saluda Mills, 10 per cent; Red Bank Mills, profits expended in improvements. Number of spindles in operation: Saluda, 10,000; Red Bank, 2,448; number looms, none. Kind and amount of power: Saluda, water, 250 horse power. Red Bank, water, 60 horse power; steam, SO horse power. Aggregate for both mills, 390 horse power. Increase or otherwise in business in last twelve months: Saluda, 3 per cent.; Red Bank, 40 per cent, Number of hands employed: White, males 72, females 103; colored, males 15, females 10. Aggregate, 200. There are no companies organized or rais- ing capital for the establishment of cotton mills. 3. Number of grist mills, 30. Names, loca- tions, &c.: These are merely neighborhood millsand names and locations, deemed un- important, are novgiven. Number hands employed: ored 25: total 55. Capital employed, $30,000. Note—This includes motive power used for threshing, ginning, sawing and other pur- poses. Value of annual of product, meal an Average rate of toll, one-eighth. power 15, steam 15. Per cent. of net profit, 25. Increase or de- crease in business in last twelve months, 10 per cent, increase, 4. Foundry and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, number 21. Location and name of proprietors: Alston—M. Chapin, steam. Batesburg—Rawls & Mitchell, steam. Gilbert Hollow—J. H. Lewie, steam. Leesville—D. M. Addy, steam; D. Rawls & Son, steam. Columbia P. O.—Elford & Wingate, steam; David Devore, steam; G. T. Langford, water; L. L. Town, water; Marshall Sheely, steam: Joseph Schumpeck, water; Edward Kinsler, water; J. A. Corley, water; Levi Gunter, steam; —— =wygert, steam; Pierce & Amick, steam. Barr’s—M. L. Kyzer, steam; Thomas Rawl, steam. Peaks—J. W. B. Lever, steam. Prosperity—D. H. Wheeler, steam. Leesville—A. W. Linder, steam. Number hands employed: Whites 100, col- ored 110; total 210. Number horses and mules employed, 84. Capital employed, $50,000. nual product, $105,000. Class of machinery used, various. Wateror steam used, steam 16, water5. Amount of horse-power used, 420 horse-power. Percentage and profit, not obtained. [n- crease or decrease in business in last twelve months, one mill or 5 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c.: Number of estab- White 30, col- Yj Spon ae $25,000. Class hominy of good quality. Water Value of an- | | prietors : Loeation and names of pro- Lexington C. H.—Johnson & Smith, J. Ww. lishments, 12. _ Pevey, Rodgers & Long. Barr’s—Lewie : 72x, & Oswald, . Marti Husk & Wood bead ; es Lexington—Lownian & Gunter. ee Columbia P. O.—Edward Geiger, Goodwin | & Sightler. || and children of both races work aay. | “ pounds weight. Gilbert Hollow—J. H. Lewie. yuexington C. H.—Eugene Wiggins, A. M. Martin, i Hands employed: Whites 120, colored 240; total 360. tip Capital employed, $75,000. Value of an oa gee hepa a. Annual out-turn s turpen 12,000: rosin, barrels 48,000: fae and pitch, none. Percentage of net profit, not obtained. Other manufactories, ? Character. Bug- sies, wagons and agricultural implements. ocation and names of pro: rs: One C. H.—Geo. hybrand, JP. Jorley. Leesville—Irvin Hall & Bro., John Holl- man. Batesburg—David Rawls. ~ Gilbert Hollow—Hannon Michell., + Peak’s Station—T. KE, Earle & Co. Capital employed, $10,000. Hands em- ployed, white 15, colored 10; tota: 25. in-— crease within the year, twenty-five cent. 10,000, increase. Value of annual prod Per cent. of net profit, not obtained. MINES, Number of mines in county, none worked. Number of quarries, none worked, AGRICULTURE, 1. Number and kinds of age, Mien agricul- tural implements: Sowers 1; reapers 50; sulky ploughs 3; guano distributors 2,321; harrows 777; mowers 50; horse rakes 25; threshers 4. Total number 3,241. Steam engines in use on farms and horse- power? Twenty engines, average horse power 8; total horse-power 160, 2. Number of improved stock and what herds preferred ? Number not stated. Jersey cattle and Merino sheep preferred. 3. The efficiency’ of colored labor as com- pared with last year and with its efficiency five years ago? Colored labor 1s greatly in- ferior to what it was five years ago and is not as efficient as it was last year. 4. The supply of colo labor as compared with the demand, and with the prio! sen demand last year and five years ago? Sup- ply 50_per cent. less than it was five years avo and less than it was one year ago. lored field 5. Proportion of white to co! labor? hree-fifths white and two-fifths colored. 6. Number of bours to full day's farm work? Ten to twelve hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm laborers? Eight dollars per month wit board to males, and four to five dollars pe month with board to females. 8. Extent of work of women and children, white and colored, in the fields? Women 9, System of labor most in use? esh System most in use, part of the crop bei iven to labor. When land is rented, price 8 regulated by quality of the land. 10 Costof producing merchantable cotton It is produced by some as low as fiv cents a pound. It costs others more than I sells for. The general average is about eigh cents a pound or $40 to a bale of 11. The percentage of cost in raising, pick- ing and ginning cotton? Raising 72 per eent., picking 20 per cent., ginning 8 per cent. 12. The number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and with | what success? Numberof farms 460, with | acreage of 40 acres to farm. Total, 18,400 acres. Succeed well in every branch of agri- culture. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and with what success? Number, 345, with average of 40 acres to farm. Total 13,800 acres. Colored ‘people seldom succeed atanything when left to their own management. 14. The numher and acreage of farms . Owned, controlled or directed by whites and worked exclusively with colored labor, or by whites and colored, and how they suc- || ceed in each: ase? Nunber of farms worked exclusively by colored labor, directed and controlled by whites, 500, with an acreage of || || ginning, 50 cents a hundred; numberof bales 20,000; 1,005 farms, with 40,200 acres, di- | rected and coutrolled by whi'e men, who work ihemselves and also employ colored labor. 3 Itisas true of Lexington asit is of other counties in the State, that where white men own the land, grow other crops as well as cotton, and are able to farm without giving liens, they are prosperous and progressive; and in only two other counties in the State are there as few liens in proportion to num- ber of persons as in Lexington. ‘There is, perhaps, no other county in the State where the owners of the land do so much of the farm work themselves as in this county; but a large number of them also employ colored jabor and direct and control it. The relative prosperity of the different class of farmers may be stated as follows: ist. The white men who do their own work. 2d. The white men who work themselves and employ additional (colored) labor. 3d. The white proprietors who employ col- ored labor exclusively. 4th. The colored farmers. 15, The condition of colored farmers as | land owners and tenants? Not encouraging. 16. Progress colored farmers are making in saving money and acquiring land? A very few colored farmer; are making any pengrees in saving money and acquiring and, the great majority are not. 17. Number of foreign-born immigrants, and their nationality, &c.? There are so few in the county that information concerning them would be of no value. 18. The operation of the Stock law and its effect? It is ofsuch recent date that its ef- fect cannot be positively stated, but it is be- lieved that it will be generally beneficial. 19. The Lien law and its effect on white and colored farmers and on the merchants? It has been of vast benefit to merchants, but very injurious to both white and colored farmers. 20. The Prohibition law—its working, its observance, and good or bad effect? Pro- hibition prevails in three villages; in three liquorissold, There is marked moral im- provement where prohibition is enforced, and corresponding immorality where liquor | is sold. _ 21. Quantity of land for sale in the county and its character and average price? Lands in any quantity and quality can be boughtat trom $4 to $40 per acre. 22. Number of cotton gins, &c.? Number of gins, 49; cost, S80; average out-turn to 31 per day, 2,000 lbs, lint; average distance cotton is hauled to gin,3 miles; charge for 3B | ginned annually, 10,000; no “cleaners” in use. 23. Remarks, suggestions, &c.: If the fine Water powers in the county were utilized by the establishment of manufactories of vari- ous kinds, and a more general use of im- proved agricultural implements and, if possible, skilled labor freely introduced, the improved condition of the county would be sure, rapid and permanent. The county as itis is staid and solidiy prosperous. It pays its taxes earlier and more fully than any other county, and is in educational and material progress evincing great improve- ment. Newberry County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishmeuts in county: Flour and grist mills: 15; foundries and machine shops, 13; lumber mills, 13; other manufactures, 9 Total establishments, 50. Canital employed, 576,200. Value of annual product, $239,150. Number of persons employed, 150. 2. Cotton mills, &c.: The Newberry Cotton Mills, about. to go into operation at Newberry C. H., has $178,000 subscribed as its capital. This it is contemplated to increase to $250,- 000. Itsconsumptlon of cotton per annum will be 3,200 bales of 50: pounds; product per annum will be 1,350,000 pounds a year, and 5,000,000 yards of cloth. It will operate 10,006 spindles, 350 looms,and employ 300 hands. 3. Number of flour and grist mills, 15. | Names, locations and proprietors: Aull Bros.—One anda half miles from New- berry. Caldwell & Son—Ten miles from Newberry. F. H. Dominick—Eleven miles from New- berry. P. H. Koon—Sixteen miles from Newberry. J. F. Miller—Eleven and a half miles from Newberry. Estate Priester—Ten miles from Newberry. B. Duncan—Eleven miles from Newberry. Wm. Langfor—Five miles from Newberry. E.Schumpert—Eight miles from Newberry. J. S. Keller—Fourteen miles from New- berry. D. W. T. Kibler—Newberry CG. H. Wheeler & Mosely—Prosperity. Besley & Wedeman—Pomaria, C. D. Spearman—Saluda Old Town. H. O. Hinson—Kinard’s Junction. Capital employed, $46,000. Value of an- ae products, $30,000. Hands employed, Note.—Above is only an approximate esti- mate, as these mills grind only for toll and put none of their prodnets on the market. Class of product: First quality offlour, grist and meal. ~ Rate of toll: Corn, one-tenth; wheat, one- twentieth. Water or steam used: Steam at 10 mills, water at 5, Percentage of net profits, 10 percent. In- crease or decrease in business in last twelve months, 20 per cent. increase. 4. Founderies and machine shops: Num- ber, 13. Location and names of proprietors : S. W. Evans, Jas. Robbison, Cannon & Phil. lips, J. Taylor, J Himes, Newberry T. Sphell—One and a half miles from New- berry. Wm. Went—Four anda quarter miles from Newberry. J. Glenn—Two miles from Newberry. M. Worthy—Twelve and a half miles from Newberry. J. Wicker—Sixteen miles from Newberry. J. Ruff—BKighteen miles from Newberry. P. Watts—Thirteen miles from Newberry. A. Moon—LHight miles from Newberry. Number hands employed, 25. Capital em- ployed, $2,300. Horse power used, 12-horse engine in one machine shop only. Value of product per annum, $4,600. Note.—These shops are only operated for doing repairs, and above value of annual product is an approximate estimate. Percentage of net profit, 50 per cent. In- crease or decrease in the last twelve months, 20 per cent. decrease. 5. Lumber mills, &c.: Number, 13. tion and names of proprietors: Brown & Mosely—Twelve miles from New- berry. : D. C. Boland—Seventeen miles from New- berry. Aull & Bros.—Two miles from Newberry. Cunningham & Spence—Ten miles from Newberry. Keitt & berry. J. Ducket—Eighteen miles from Newberry. W. W.Riser—Eleven miles from Newberry. Graham & Thomas—Eight miles from New- berry. J. Glenn—Two miles from Newberry. Gull & Hay—Three miles from Newberry. A. Hawkins—Nine miles from Newberry. . T. H. Dominick—Eleven miles from New- berry. Number of hands,35. Number horses and mules, 44. Capitalemployed, $18,000. Value of annual product, $175,000. tenes of machinery: Generally of good class. Water or steam used: Steam in all. Amount of horse power used, 238 horse Neg n oran average of 18 horse power to moill. Percentage of profit, 20 per cent. Increase or decrease in business in the last twelve months, 25 per cent. increase. 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. 7. Other manufactories and number, 9. Capital employed, $9,900. Numberof hands employed, 47. Value of annual product, $29,550. Loca- Bros.—Fourteen miles from New- MINES, &c. Number of mines, none. Number of quarries, 8. Location and names of proprietors : L. J. Jones, Jas. Crawford, Newberry C. H. Newberry County—Four miles from C. H. Glenn Rehard—Three miles from C. H. T. M. Lake—Three miles from C. H. R. P. Clark—Seven miles from C. H. D. R. Deckert—Fourteen miles from C. H. J. Caldwell—Ten miles from C. H. Class of machinery: The most primitive. No other outfit but ordinary hand-drillanda derrick for removing the quarried stone. ‘The rock is even with the surface,and in a great many instances ten to twenty feet above the earth. The supply of granite of the best quality is simply inexhaustible in the county, and large quantities of it may be obtained within three or four miles of rail- road and twoor three miles of water trans- portation. Capital employed: Little or no” capitaltis employed, and very little is necessary—not more than $200. Value of annual outturn: The rock at mouth of quarries worth $4,000; delivered, worth $6,000, AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved imple- ments, &c.: Sowers, of four different kinds, 12; reapers, of six different kinds, 75; sulkey | per cent. short; with the demand last | ers? , cents. loughs, of four different kinds, 4; guano dis- ipniors, of twelve kinds, harrows, of six kinds, 250; horse rakes, of six kinds, 50; stump pullers, of two kinds, 2. Total im- proved implements, 693. Steam engines on farms, and horse power; Sixty engines; aggregate, 542 horse power. 2. Head of improved stock, &¢.—Sheep: Merino, 25; Bakewell, 8; Broad Tail, 10; rades of all, 80, Total im’ , 123. Jattle: Jersey, 20; Grade, 100; eremsey, 4; Grade, 75. Total imported cattle, 199. The Merino sheep and Jersey cow most highly age e of. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year,and with its efficiency five re ago? As com with last year, a ittle more efficient; and with five years ago. decidedly better. The greatest improvement being within five miles of towns, the better | class of negroes wishing toget near to srhools and churches. This improvement, however, is not perceptible in the co ons. 4. The supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years 2 AB compared with the present demand, it ne r, 25 per cent. short; and with the demand five years ago, 5 per cent. short on account of in- crease in acreage planted, not on account of migration. 5. Proportion of white to colored Vhite, 20 per cent.; colored, 80 pe labor? cent. Ae Hours to full day’s farm work? Te ours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labo Males, 50 cents per day; fema 3 Or. tor males, $100 a year, an males, $60, together with a patch of on acre, the product of which belongs excl sively to laborer. Firewood, house and ga den is also furnished laborer free of cb y 8. Work of women and children, white 0} colored, in the fields? One-tenth of whi women and children work in the field During cotton hoeing and rez 75 p cent. of colored women and children work i fields; at other seasons they work but little. 9. Systems of labor most in use? The sha system, by contract, for four-tenths of enti crops gathered. When money is paid, mal get $100 and females $60 per annum, an house, garden and firewood. 10. Average cost of producing merchan ble cotton? Eight cents per pound, or $4 per bale of 500 pounds. 11. Per cent. of cost in err ginning cotton? Rising costs r cen cee ni 18% per cent., and ginning,5 p cen 12. Number and acreage of farms worke exclusively by whites, and how they su ceed? One-twentieth of the farms in th county is worked exclusively by white farms averaging 30 acres each. They su ceed better than any other class of farms. 13. Number and acreage of farms work exclusively by colored people, and how the succeed? About one-twentieth of the farms i this county is worked exclusively by color people—farms averaging 25 acres each. The succeed worse than any other class of fa ge ae in a few cases where theyown t and. 14. The number and acreage of far: owned, controlled or direeted by whites, an worked eitherexclusively with colored labo or by white and colored, and how they su ceed in each case? The numberof far owned by whites is nineteen-twentieths all the tarms in the county. ~ icking an The number of farms owned, controlled or directed by whites,and worked execlu- sively with colored labor, is four-twentieths of all the farms in the county. The number of farms owned, controlled or directed by whites, and worked by white and colored labor, is fourteen-twentieths of all the farms in the county. The number of farms owned, controlled and worked by whites exclusively, is one- twentieth of farms in the county. The farms worked exclusively by col- ored labor, under the control and direction of whites, succeed moderately well only, be- cause, in the absence of white managers, the the negroes fail, either from ignorance or wilfully, to carry out their instructions. The farms worked by white and colored succeed better than those worked exclusively by colored labor, because the whites are more inclined to carry out the directions of the manager, and, from their superior education and general good sense, they have a better knowledge of how the farm work should be done in the absence of the manager, together with their willingness to do better and more work than the ordinary colored laborer. Farms ,worked by whites exclusively? One-twenty of all farms; succeed better, and make more money than other farms of any description. Planter farms or farms operated by white proprietors, and worked with white and col- ored labor employed by him, and paid by the wages system or any other? Number, four- teen-twentieths of all farms; average acreage to farm, 150 acres; average acres in several crops: Acres in cotton, 50; corn, 40; oats, 30; wheat, 15; peas, 10; rye aud barley, weet potatoes, 1; promiscuous, 1. Total, 150. Fair average yield per acre, with fair average cul- tivation, on fairaverage land, in fair average season; Cotton, 550 pounds seed cotton; corn, 12 bushels; oats, 20 bushels; wheat, 8 bushels; peas, 6 bushels; sweet potatoes, 60 bushels; barley, 40 bushels; rye, 6 bushels; miscel- laneous, ——. Tenant farmsor farms let to colored ten- ants, over whom the proprietor has super- visory control? Number of such farms, four- twentieths of all farms in county; average acreage to farm, 50 acres. Average acreage of several crops: Acres in cotton, 25; corn, 9; oats, 5; wheat, 5; peas, 4; rye and barley, 1; sweet potatoes, 1; promiscuous, 0; total, 50. Average product of tenant farms, with ave- rage surroundings as above: Cotton, 400 pounds seed cotton; corn, 8 bushels; oats, 17 bushels; wheat, 6 bushels; peas, 5 bushels; sweet potatoes, 30 bushels; barley, 25 bush- els; rye, 3 bushels. 15. The condition of colored farmers as landowners and tenants? Their condition as landowners is reasonably good; condition as tenants bad. 16. Progress of colored farmers in making and saving money andacquiring land? Col- ored farmers are not making money, are uot making progress, are not acquiring land nor saving money. 17. Number of foreign born immigrants, their nationality, &c.?. There are 97, as fol- lows: Germans, 80; English, 10; Irish, 6; Pole, 1. The average rate of wages paid them is: Males, $120; femates, $75 per year. Their condition is good, and in most cases they own small tracts of land. 18. Operation of the Stock law? The Stock law is operating well in this county. Its effect in reducing expenses is felt by all, and lt is a great saving of both money and labor, whilst its effect in improving stock has also been great. One of the best farmers in this county, in expressing his opinion of this law, < says: “It is the best law ever given us since Moses handed down the Ten Command- ments.”” 19. The Lien law and its effect on the white and colored people, farmers and merchants ? The effect on the white man is generally good, but in some instances tends to make him indolent. The effecton the colored man is that it makes him more indolent than ever and really does him harm. The effect on the merchant, if he is prudent and careful, is good, but with the majority it is bad, most of them losing money by it. 20. The Prohibition law—-its working, good or bad effect, and its general observance and enforcement? The Prohibition law, out- side of incorporated towns, is fully observed. The Town of Prosperity, southeast of New- berry, bas also adopted the Prohibition law, and the consequent effect upon that town is very good, its morals being improved a hun- dred per cent. Other incoporated towns in the county have no Prohibition law. 21. Quantity and kind of land forsale in the county, its character and average price? There is very little land for sale in the county, but there is a small quantity of all kinds—sandy, clay, gravelly, timbered and cleared, improved and unimproved. The average price is: For unimproved, $10; im- proved, $15 per acre. 22. Number of cotton gins, &c.? Number gins, 600; cost, $2 50 per saw, or an average of $125 to gin. The maximum outturn is: For steam gin, 10 bales per day; for horse gins, 3 bales perday to gin. Cotton is hauled, on an average, two miles to gin. Charge for ginning, 5 percent. There are two cleaners used, but their good effect is not sufficient to encourage their continued use, though they do increase the “life” oi the gin. 23. Remarks, suggestions, &c.: In agricul- ture the greatest need felt is a source from which farmers can obiain money at a reason- able interest for a number of years—say, from three to five—enabling them to mak- perma- nent improvements on their farms. Socially, the county needs larger and more general appropriations for educational purpose; with these two wauts supplied, the progress of the county would be more rapid and more per- manent. Pickens County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing establishments: Flour and grist mills, 35; lumber mills, 12; quarries, 1. Total, 48. Capital employed, $55,000; value of annual product, $142,000. Number of persons employed: White, males 65, colored, males 15. Total, 80. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. 3. Number of flourand grist mills: 10, grist 25; toial 35. Number of hands employed : White 50. Capital employed, $40,000. Value of an- nual product, $80,000. Class of product, fair. Average rate of toll, one-tenth. Water or steam used, water. Per cent.of net profit. 15 per cent. Increase in the business in the last twelve months, 10 per cent. 4. Foundries or proper. 5. Lumber mills, 12. Hands employed— white 15, colored 15; total 30. Animals employed, 30, including oxen. Capitil employed. $15,000. Value of an- nual product $62,000. Class of machinery, good; mostly circula Saws of improved kinds. Water or steam used, both; mostly steam. : Flour machine shops, none Amount of power—average from 5 to 15 Rote per mill. ‘otal horse-power, Per centage of profit, 20. Increase in busi- ness in the last twelve months, 10 per cent. | 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. 7. Other manufactories, no statement. MINES. 1. Number of mines, &c.—None yet devel- oped. The county has asbestos, mica, granite and gold. 2. Number of quarries: only one partially developed. Character, granite of the best quality. Class of machinery, primitive. Capital employed, little or none—not over $150. Annual outturn, not over $500 worth of stone delivered. . AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of agricultural imple- ments: Sowers 2, reapers 5, sulkey ploughs 30; guano distributors in general use; im- proved harrows 12. 2. Head of improved stock, &c.: Some Jerseys and some Devon cattle—Jerseys the favorite. Quite a number of improved hogs —Berkshire the favorite. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last vearand with efficiency five years ugo? Colored labor becomes less efficient | every year, especially with those who have been brought up since emancipation. This labor is not constant nor reliable. The dis- position of colored laborers to roam from place to place, working only long enough to obtain a bare subsistence, becomes greater every year. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the present demand, and with the sup- ply and demand last year and five years ago? The supply is equal to the demand, though the demand for white labor is greater than the supply. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? About two-thirds white, one-third colored. 6. Hours to full day's farm work? There is no regular number of hours for work on farms, but the year round the average is about ten hours, 7. Wages paid male and female farm laborers? Males $10 to $12 per month; fe- males $5 to $6, vith board. on their farms, mg, Numb: d acreage of 14. Number an controlled or directed by whites either exclusively with colo white and colored,and how they each case? See abo owners and tenants? As land are not prospering; as tenants a better condition. ay 16. Are colored farmers mak’ saving money and acquiri og the balance are not prosper- 17. Number and national born immigrants in the county, in the county. 4 18. Operation of stock law an effect ? It bas greatly reduced the e of farm- ing and has improved the stock | 50 per cent, a 19. The effect of the lien law on d colored role = and Af Bad on all classes. : served and enforced. 7 20. The Prohibition law—its or enforcement and good or bad te ihe Prohibition law works ad : has a ly ob- 21. The quantity and kind of land or oP. with its character and average price? o response. most beneticial effect and is : 22. Number of cotton gins in the county, &c.? Number gins, 70; cost, $3 50 saw. Maximum outturn per season, 240 bales to gin, average 120. Distance cotton hauled to one-fifteenth. Number of gin, about three miles. Ce ee 7,000. No cleaners. 23. Remarks and su ons, &c.: There are 55,413 acres of land now in tivation in the coynty. an increase over that of 1879, according to United States one of 1,755 acres. Under the operation of the law and by the use of improved im: plements and a more intelligent ; of farming, the increase of .all kinds products has been at least 20 per cent., and adding to this the per cent. of increase in the number of acres, which is a fraction over | three per cent. on acreage of 1879. 8. Extent of farm work done by women | and children, white and colored? White | women to some extent, colored women and children generally. 9. System of labor most in use? Both sys- | tems, viz: Where the use of land is given for | so much labor according to agreement, or “contract labor,” where wages are paid. The “contract labor” is chiefly used. 10. Cost of producing merchantable cot- | ton? Six cents per pound, or $30 to bale of 500 pounds weight. 11. Percentage of cost in raising, and ginning? Raising 60 percent., picking 25 per cent. and ginning 15 percent; orto pound of lint 3.6 cents for raising, 1.5 cents for pick- | ing, and .9 cents for ginning. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and with what suc- cess ? There are 1,331 farms owned by whites. Amajority of these are worked by the owners and their familtes, but some of them have mixed labor. Such farmers are gradually improving and most of them are beginning to prosper 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored persons, and with what success? There are 58 small farms owned by colored people in this county. About a half dozen of them make a living ieking | ) | ; | | | We havein round number an increase of 23 percent. This added to the given for 1879 gives the following as the present pro- duct of the county: Indian corn 386, bushels, oats 29,504 bushels, rite 1,324 eae wheat 38,951 bushels, cotton 7,089 ales. The introduction and use of improved as ricultural implements is of recent date the county, but the increase of the products and the saving of labor by their use have had avery marked effect upon the and it will not be long before the old “daddy” System will be entirely abolished. . In ascertaining the number of landowners in the county it is found that about 4% per cent. of them are colored, while the land in cultivation owned by the colored people is only about 1 per cent. of the whole in culti- vation in the county. This is accounted for by the fact thata majority of the colored landowners have buta few acres, genera’ oor, upon which they live,and rent lan rom or work for their white neighbors. The county has much original forest and virgin soil and its real development did not set in until since tbe war. Since that time and notably since 1876, it has made ra id progress, and with the completion of the Carolina,Cumberland Gap and Chicago Rail- road through its borders and the influx of an intelligent and progressive population that .will naturally follow, the future of Pickens County is indeed bright and promising. Oconee County. MANUFACTURES. 1. There are 38 manufacturing establish- ments. These consist of flour, grist, rice and lumber mills, besides the ordinary black- smith shops. The amount of capital em- ploxed is $36,000, with annual products of $120,000. The number of persons employed is whites 70, colored 37; total 10’7. 2. Cotton mills: There are no cotton mills in the county and none in course of organi- zation or construction. 8. Flour, grist and rice mills: ‘There are5 flour, 20 grist and 1 rice mill; total 26. The capital employed in these mills is $12,000. They work almost exclusively for toll. class of product isfair average. The average rate of toll, one-ienth. The power used is chiefly water. The net profit (estimated) 10 per cent: The increase in business within the year 15 per cent. 4. Founderies aud machine shops: Only ordinary blacksmith shops. 5. Lumber mills: There are 12 lumber mills employing 75 hands—40 whites and 85 colored, 100 mules and horses. The capi- tal employed is $24,000; value of annual | product $100,000. The class of machinery is good and the power_used mostly steam. Net profit 25 per cent. within the year 20 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c.: None county. in the MINES. There are no mines worked in the county, though minerals, especially gold, abound, and gold has been successfully mined. AGRICULTURE. 1. The number and kind of improved agricultural implements: Twenty in all (without classification 2. Number and ee of improved stock, | &e.; There are 100 head of improved cat- tle—Jerseys. 3. Efficiency of colored labor, &c.: Not as efficient as 5 years ago, and younger negroes are not as efficient as the older ones. 4. Supply of colored labor, &c.: There is no change in the supply of colored labor as com- pared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago. 5. Proportion of whites to colored in field labor: Two-thirds white to one-third colored. 6. Number of hours to a full day’s work: Ten hours. 7. Wages paid: Males $10 per month, females $6; average $8. 8. Work of women and children in the tields: Not more than twenty-five per cent. of the women and children work in the fields. 9. System of labor most in use, &c.: The System most in use is for share of the crop. 10. Cost of producing merchantable cotton, &e.: The cost of producing merchantable eotton is 8 cents per pound. 11. Percentage of cost in raising, picking and ginning cotton: Cost of raising 79 per a of picking 16 per cent.; ginning 5 per cent. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by white men: Number 300; average acres to farm 50. 13. Number aud acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored men: Number 100; acres to farm 30. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants: They are not very thrifty and are mostly in debt, and their property covered by mortgages. 15. Progress of colored farmers in saving The Inerease in business | money and acquiring land: They are pro. gressing slowly. 16. Number and nationality of immigrants, &e.: There are very few persons of foreign- birth in the county, these are mostly Ger- mans of long residence who are generally thrifty. 17. Hffect of Stock law: The effect of the Stock law is good. 18. Effect of Lien law: The effect is bad this year, and not more than 40 per cent. collected. 19. Prohibition law: The Prohibition law is not in operation except outside of the towns aiid the effect there is good. 20. Quantity and kind of land for sale: Any quantity for sale and of all kinds, varying in price from 50 cents to $25 per ucre. 21. Number of cotton ginsin the county, &e.: Number of gins 19; average three bales to gin per day whilst working. Bales raised in county 2,500. 22. Remarks and suggestions: The pop- ulation of the county is rapidly grow- ing from natural increase. This, coupled with the fact that the whites can labor throughout the whole year, and that white labor, with improved farming implements, is. growing in use on the furms with great success, ensures a bright future for the county. The general practice of farmers in the county is to raise their own supplies in bread and meat, cotton being only raised as asurplus. Sufficient grain is raised to sup- ply the consumption of the county popula- tion, amounting to about 16,000. Spartanburg County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number of manufacturing establish- ments 94. Capital employed $1,144,000. Annual pro- duct $1,410,000. Persons employed: Total number of hands 1,395. 2. Number of cotton mills 7. Names of establishments: Clifton, Glen- dale, Pacolet. Fingerville. Crawfordville, Valley Fails, Cedar Hill. Location: Clifton, Glendale, Pacolet, Fin- Peers Crawfordville, Valley Falls, Cedar ill. Capital employed $1,043,000. Pounds of cotton consumed annually 8,410,- 000—16,820 bales of 500 pounds weight. f Pounds of yarn and yards of cloth pro- duced annually: Yarn 1,869,275 pounds, of cloth 16,273,500 yards. Net profit, 1134 per cent. Number of spindles 37,680; number looms 945; power, water. Increase in last twelve months, $300,000. Number of hands employed, 1,100. Number of cotton mills in course of con- struction, none. ‘ Number ofcompanies organized and raising capital for establishing cotton mills, none. 3. Number of flour and grist mills 50. Names, locations and proprietors not stated. Number of hands employed 100. Capital em- ployed $50,000. Vatue of annual product $75,000. Classes of product, wheat, meal, grits, &c. Average rate of toll, one-tenth. Net profit, 10 per cent. Increase in last twelve months 15 per cent. 4. Number of foundries and machineshops 2. Location and name of proprietors: Loca- tion, &¢.—Spartanburg, Fowler & Kobinson; Spartanburg, J. H. Cantwell & Co, Number of hands employed 75. Capital employed $20,000. Horse power used 650. Value of of annual product $30,000. Net profit 12 per cent. Increase in business in last twelve months 20 per cent. 5. Number of lumber mills 20. Location, &e., not stated. Number of hunds employed 80. Number of horses and mules employed 60. Capital employed $15,000. Value of annual product $75,000, Class of machinery: sawing and planing. Water or steam used: both. Amount of horse power 1,000. Net dietan 15 per cent. Increase in business in ast twelve months, none. 6. Turpentine stills, &c., none. 7. Other manufactures: Brick 3, wagon 4, tanneries 2, lime 1, distillery 1, printing 3; sash, door, &c., 1; total 15. Capital employed $16,000. Number of hands employed 40. Value of annual product $30,000. Increase in past twelve months 25 per cent. MINES. Number of mines, &¢., none. Quarries: Five miles sonth of Spartan- burg, immediately on the Spartanburg and Columbia Railroad, is a soapstone quarry. The stone is of very fine quality, and said to be inexhaustible There are par- allel veins of gold-bearing quartz. Proprie- tor, Wm. Choice, Shoaly, Spartanburg County, S.C. AGRICULTURE, 1. Number and kind of improved imple- ments 50, without classification. steam engines in use on farms and horse power: Steam 20; horse power uot stated. 2. Number of improved stock, 200 Jerseys. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago: About the same. 4. Supplies of colored labor as compared with tue demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago: Same. 5. Proportion of white to colored labor: Two-thirds white and one-third colored 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work, 10. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers, $5 to SLO a month. 8. The extent of field work done by women and children, white or colored: They work to a considerable extent, especially on the smaller farms. 9. The system of labor most in use: Tenant system; laborer paying one-half of crop for use of land. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton, 8 ce.ts, or S40 per bale of 500 pounds, 11. Cost of raising, picking and ginning: Raising 75 percent.,or Gcents per pound; | picking 15 per cent., or 1.2 cents; ginning 10 per cent., or .8 cent per pound. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and how they suc- ceed: Two-tenths of the county, or 29,508 acres out of 147,540. They are generally successful. 13. Number and Aéacreage of farms worked exclusively by colored persons, and how they succeed: One-tenth of the acreage of county, or 14,754 acres. They are partially successful. 14. The number and acreage owned, controlled or directed by whites, and Number of of farms | landowners and tenants: Only tolerabi goad bus in many instances gradually ini- proving. 16. Are colored farmers gre | oY | saving money and acquiring lan worked exclusively with colored labor, or by | white and colored, and how they succeed in each case: acres so worked, Thesuccess generally lies in the ek A ral and in the intelligence of the | controlling white farmers, though a number of colored farmers have been somewhat suc- cessful. 15. The condition of colored farmers as About seven-tenths, or 103,278 © I limited extent. 17. The number of foreign born white im- migrants, their nationality, &e.: There area few immigrants, mostly Itatians, en- gaged in business in Spartanburg. 18. The operation of the Stock law: The Stock law has hada very good effect both in reducing expenses and improving stock. 19. The Lien law and its effect on the white and colored people, and on the farmers and merchants: The law has been ab and in some instances worked t hardships, but it has been of great nefit to some farmers. 20. The Prohibition law—Its working and good or bad _ effect; its observance en- forcement: The law has been a success, and its enforcement is constantly becoming more stringent. 21. Quantity and kind of land for sale in county, its character and average price: Large tracts for sale in county; some well timbered. Price from $5 and upward per acre. 7 22. Number of cotton gins, &¢.: Number 100. Distance seed cotton hauled to gin, one mile. Charge for ginning, one-fifteenth. 23. Remarks and suggestions, &e.: Spar- tanburg County is in good condition, with an upward tendency. The laboring classes are acquiring more of the comforts of life. Diversified industries hold out bright hopes for this entire section. Marlboro’ County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments: Flour and grist mills 16, foun- dries and machine shops 1, lumber mills 44, turpentine establishments 1; total 62. Amount of capital employed, $197,000. Value of annual product, $170,000. Number ber of personsemployed: White 181, colored 133; total 314. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in the county in course of construction, &e. 3. Number of flour and grist mills: Flour 8, grist 8; total 16. Names, locations, &c., none given. Number of hands employed: White 56, no colored. Capital employed, $75,000, Value of annual product, $50,000, Classes of product, flour and meal. Rate of toll: One-eighth on less than 10 bushels, one- tenth on 10 bushels and upwards. ater | or steam power, both. Percentage of net profit, about 10 per cent. Increase or de crease in the business within the year, none. 4. Foundries and machine shops, one. Location, «&e.: Clio—W. A. Hinshaw prietor. Number of hands employed: ite 21, colored 4; total 25. Capital employed $20,000. Character: Manufacturing all kinds of castings i and parts of steam engines an machinery. Horse »ower used, 50. Value of annual product, 60,000. Percentage of net profit, about 15 percent. Increase or decrease in the busi- ness within the year, increase about 25 per cent. F 5. Number of lumber mills, 44. Location, «&e., none given. Number of hands em- pievad: White 100, colored 120; total 220. Number of horsesand mules, 200. Capital employed, $100,000. Value of annual pro- duct, $50,000. Class of machinery used, no statement. Water or steam power, both. Amount of horse power used, about 1,000. Percentage of net profit, about 15 per cent. Increase or decrease in the business within the year: Decrease about 25 per cent., owing to short crops and low price of cotton. 6. Turpentine stills and number of _estab- lishments, 1. Location, &c.: Covington Springs—Ka. McQueen. Number of hands employed: White 2, colored 8; total 10. Capital employed, $2,000. Value of annual product, $10,000, (estimated.) Annual out- turn; Spirits turpentine 4,000 gallons, rosin 1,000 barrels. Percentage of net profit, 25 per cent. Increase or decrease in the busi- ness within the year, about the same. 7. Other manufactories, none. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Fivehundred. Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse power. 100, with about 800 horse ower. E 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? About 200 head Jerseys. No sheep. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? About —— per cent. less this year than last, and 25 per cent. less than five years ago. 4, Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the demand and supply last year and five years ago? About 10 per cent. below the demand and 25 per cent. below the relation of supply and de- mand five years ago. ; 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? About one-fourth white to three- fourths colored. 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? Twelve. 7. Wages paid male and female farm laborers? About $12 to males and about $7 per month to females. 8. Extent of farm work done by women and children, white and colored? They do work in hoeing and harvesting, say about four months annually. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? Renting system, and contract labor when money is paid, payable monthly. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? Seven cents per pound or $35 to the 500 pound bale. 11. Percentage of this cost involved in raising, picking and ginning? Raising 30 per cent., fertilizing 43 per cent., with land rent 73, picking 22 per cent., and ginning 5 per cent. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and with what suc- cess? Two hundred farms, 6,000 acres; suc- ceed well. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by cotored people, and with what success? Farms 100, acres 3,000; suc- ceed well. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? Good. 15. Are colored farmers maklng progress, saving money and acquiring land? Some Tew. 16. Numberand nationality of immigrants in the county? None. 17. Operation of the Stock law? The Stock law works well and is satisfactory to all classes; it has reduced expenses and is im- proving stock. 18. The Lien law—its effect on white and colored farmers and merchants? The Lien law causes much waste of labor, but makes rents higher. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? Effect good, and generally observed aud enforced. 20. Quantity, kind and price of land for sale in the county? Very little for sale; ave- rage price, $25 per acre. 21. Number of cotton gins in the county, &e.? About 200 gins; value $26,000. Ave- rage outturn per day, about 2 bales each. Charge, one-twentieth. Distance hauled to gin, about two miles. Number of bales ginned in the county annually, about 24,- 000. No cleaners. 22. Remarks, suggestions, &c.? We want more economy in expenditure and a larger production. Fairfield. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manutacturing establishments: Flour and grist mills 18, lumber mills5, other manufactories 1; total 24. Capital employed, $71,500. Value of annual product, $152,500. Number of per- sons employed, 80. 2. Cotton mills, none. No cotton mills are in course of construction in the county, nor are any companies being organized or capi- tal raised for that purpose. 3. Flour and grist mills,18. Names and locations: John C. Swygert, near Alston; John 8. Swygert, Dawkins, Spartanburg and Union Railroad; Butler Lever, Wallaceville, Greenville and Columbia Railroad: David B. Crosby, Feasterville; Charles S. Porter, Feas- terville; John G. Walling, Shelton; Thos. W. Traylor, Shelton; Mary A. Ladd, Monticello; Josephine N. Ladd, Buckhead: Mary Miller, near Woodward, Columbia and Augusta Railroad; Amos EK. Davis, Monticello; John Agnew, Jr., Horeb; Mary A. Bookman, Horeb; John R. Patrick, White Oak; “harpe Cason, Bear Creek; E. W. Parker & Co., Kidgeway, Columbia and Augusta Railroad; Julius M. ‘unlap, Cedar Creek: W. B. Creight, Winns- boro’. Number of hands employed 46. Cap- ital employed, $50,000. Value of annual product, $100,000. Class of product, flour and meal of good quality; average toll, one- ninth. Waterorsteam: Allsteam but one. 4. Foundries and machine shops: None but blacksmith shops. 5. Lumber mills, number 5. Locations and name of proprietors : John W. Campbell, near Ridgeway; Geo. R. Hoffman, near Blythe- wood; W. B. Creight, Winnsboro’; Chares A. Abell, Buffalo; Luther Brasswell, Blythewood. Number of hands employed 37; number of horses and mules 36. Capital employed, $20,000. Value of annual product, $50,000. Class of machinery: Good class of circular saws. Wateror steam power: All steam; amount of horse-power 110. Percentage of net profit, 15 per cent. Increase of the busi- ness within the year, 15 per cent. 6. Turpentine stills, &c.: There were two small establishments which have been dis- continued. 7. Other manufactories, one. Character, gin. Location, Winnsboro’; name of proprietor, J. M. Elliott. Capital empioved, $1,500, Number of hands employed, 3. Value of annual product, $2,500. Decrease in busi- ness within the year, 40 percent. Percent- age of net profit, 50 per cent. MINES. 1. Number of mines in county, none. 2. Number of quarries, 2. Location, name, &¢.: Rock City, six miles southwest of Winnsboro’, Woodward, Rion & Haskell; Robert B. Crawford. Character of stone, granite; class of machinery used, not stated. Capital omploved, $25,000. Valueofannual |! outturn, $75 AGRICULTURE, 1. Number and kind of improved imple- ments? Keapers 30, guano distributors 15, improved harrows 200, improved ploughs 300, sulky plough 1; total 546 Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse-power, 105; horse-power,650. 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? Jerseys 22, Guernseys 1, Ayrshires 75; total 98. The Jerseys are most highly esteemed. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five yearsago? ‘len per cent. below last year, and 15 per cent. below five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five yeares ayo? No perceptible difference. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? White one-tenth, colored nine-tenths. 6. Number of hours to full day's farm work? ‘len. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? $8 per month for males and $4 per month for females, with rations. 8. Extent of farm work done by women and children, white and colored? About half of colored women and children do farm work, very few white women and about a tenth of white children. 9. System of labor most in use in the county, &c¢ ? Mostly the share system, pro- prietor getting one-half of the crop, when the land and mules are furnished: and when rented, the average would be about #00 pounds of lint cotton to the animal. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? Hight cents per peund; $40 per bale of 500 pounds. 11. Percentage «of this cost involved in raising, picking and ginning? Kaising 76 per cent, picking 18 per cent., and ginning 6 per cent. 2. Numberand acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and with what sue- cess? Number of farms, 200; acreage, 600 acres; generally barely making a living. 13. Number and acreage o! farms worked exclusively by colored people »nd with what success? About 1,>00 farms; asa rule, they are not successful, though a few are. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? As land-owners they are doing well, as tenants they are not. 15. Are colored farmers makings progress, saving money and acquiring land? Some of the betterclass of them are. 16. Number and nationality ofimmigrants in the county, &c.? None 17. Operation of the stock law, &c¢.? Its effect is to decidedly reduce expenses and it bas very greatly improved the stock.. While the number is not so greaias it was, the quality is better and stock better cared for. 18. The Lien law and its effect? Its effects are disastrous to the farmers generally and disadvantageous to the merchants except those who sell on liens. The sooner it is re- pealed the better for the county. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and good or bad effect? The effect has been beneficial and it has been well observed in the county. There has been but one person prosecuted for the violation of the law, and he was acquitted. 20. Quantity, kind an sale in the county? eally for sale. 21. Number of cotton gins in county, &c.? Number 300; average cost of gin about $300; maximum outturn of best gin per day of 12 There is no land specifi- | establishments: rice of land for || | | e- hours, 12 bales of 450 pofinds each: svereae: distance hauled to 2 mi f y inning, 40 cents ed of lin an er of bales ginned annually, 26 are only two cleaners in the cou the cotton is very foul the ele terially to its grade, and it is 1 increase the life of the gin about 30 gin Laurens County. ; MANUFACTURES. 1% 1. Number and kind of man Flour, grist an mills 50, other manufactories 3; Capital employed, $65,000. Val ti product, $75 000. Number of ) em- ployed: Whites 42, colored 23: total 65. 2. Number of cotton mills,none. — 3. Number of flour oe mills, 50, Number of hands employed: Whites colored 23: total 65. Capital employed : 000. Value of annual product, — Rate of toll, one-tentn. Water or power: steam 12, water 38. ! ot net profit, from 10 to 20 per ce: «c,, no change. aps FP As 4. Foundries and machine shops, none: 5. Lumber milis, 15. Number em- loyed, 30. Capital” employ $10,000, Yalue of annual produet, $20, Class of machinery, primitive. ater or § steam 5, water 10. Percentage of net 10 to 15 percent, Increase, &e., an ii of about 5 per cent. 6. Turpentine establishments, none. — 7. Other manufactories, 38. bre beeen l brick-making 1, printing and publish Location, Laurens C.H. Names of tors, Stobo 1). Garlington, E. B. : M. Mcli.ucas. Capital employed, Value of annual product, $80,000. of hands employed: Whites 6, colo 12. total 18. There are other small ind es, such as primitive blacksmith shops n enumerated. MINEs. 1. Number of mines in the county: none worked. Traces of gold abound in the cour ty and some traces of silver have been fo ‘here is an extensive field of corandrum neur the town of Laurens on lands of Mrs. Susan W. Simpson, of E. P. Simpson and others. 2. Quarries in the county: 1. Location and name of proprietor, thirteen miles west of Laurens near Brewerton P. O.; proprie J. D. Mearston. Character, limestone and marble of the best quality. mna- chinery, “drills, hammers and wheelbar- rows.” Capital employed, $500. Value of annual product, $1,000. The Freee repoy Oh soapstone abounds in several localities, also best quality of marble and limestone, and tirst-class building and working granite. All these resources are neglected, but must some day invite attention and development. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Sowers 1, reapers 5 sulky ploughs 35, guano distributors 2,000, harrows 350. Number of steam engines used on farms and their horse power, about 100, averaging six horse power each; total 6v0 horse power. 2. Heads of improved stock ? About 560 Merino sheep and Broudtails. Not more | than a half dozen thoroughbred cattle; these chiefly Jerseys. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year and with its efficiency five years ago? About the same, 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and the supply and de- mand last year and five years ago? Popula- tion a little diminished, but the ratio of supply and demand of labor about as five years ago and since, 5. Proportion of white to colored field labor? About one-quarter white to three- quarters colored. 6. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? Board and $8 to $10 per month for men and $4 to $6 per month for women. 7. Number of hours to full day’s field work? About ten hours, and less in winter. 8. Extent of field work done by women and children, white and colored? Colored women and children usually work in the summer while the crops are being tilled. 9. System of labor most in use? Landis usually furnished for services rendered. One- third of crop is paid for rent. Wages do not prevail much. When they do, the laborer gives the whole time and is paid as above. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- *blecotton? Hight cents per pound and $40 per bale of 500 pounds, though they vary much with circumstances. 11. Percentage of this cost in raising, pick- ing and ginning? Raising 60 per cent., pick- ing 30 per cent and ginning 10 per cent. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and with what suc- cess? About a third. Generally successful. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and with what success? Impossible to give definite answer as to area, but they never succeed unless under advice and using the judgment of white farmers of experience. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- Owners and tenants? As land-owners not good; as tenants they do fairly. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, Saving money and acquiring land? In ex- ceptional inslances only. They oftener buy land than pay for it. _ 16. Numberand nationality of immigrants in the county, &c.? A very few Irish and Germans. Condition fair, and wages as al- lowed for colored labor. _ 17. Operation of the Stock law? The effect is highly gratifying, even to those who op- posed the adoption of the law. It saves tim- per ae labor, and will get rid of inferior stock. ( 18. The Lien law—its effect on white and colored farmers and merchants? It makes some merchants rich fast; strips some white and some colored of all subsistence. In its present shape it is the salvation of some men—to others a curse; should not .be re- pealed ruthlessly, but could be much amended to the advantage of all. 19. The Prohibition law and its ob- servance, enforcement and effect? The sale of liquor at the county seat prevents a fair test of the Prohibition law, but the inereas- ing tendency is towards prohibition. 20. Quantity, kind and price of land for sale in the county ? None for sale unless by legal process. Selling prices average from $5 to $6 per acre. 21. Number of cotton gins, &¢c.? About 200. Cost of gin varies greatly. Distance hauled to gin never exceeds 3 miles. Charge for ginning 1-20. Only three cleaners in the county; not valued much, they lessen the weight. 22. Remarks and suggestions : Our greatest need, as succinctly shown by the foregoing exhibit, is a few live, progressive men of experience, pluck and energy, with money. 4B | 18,200 barrels, rosin 78,000 barrels. | centage of net profit, about 12 percent. In- | is the favorite. Williamsburg County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Numberand kind ofmanufacturing estab- lishments, 99. Capital employed, $388,900. Value of annual product, $810,015. Number of persons employed: Whites 293, colored 763; total 1,056. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in the course of construc- tion in the county, or companies being or- ganized or capital being raised for the same. 3. Number of grist mills,57. Number of hands employed: Whites 57, colored 57; total 114. Capital employed, $105,400. Value of annual product, $91,200. Classes of product, meal and grist. Average toll, 4 quarts to the bushel. Water or steam power: Five water, 52 steam power. Percentage of net profit, about 12 percent. Increase in the business in the last twelve months, an increase of nearly a third in the number of mills, and 5 per cent. increase in the value of annual product. 4, Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Number of lumber mills, 16. Number of hands employed: White 54, colored 108: total 162. Number of horses and mules em- ployed, 80. Capital employed, $166,500. Value of annual product, $298,815. Class of machinery, mostly new and improved. Water or steam power, all steam. Amount of horse power used: the 14 smaller mills average 15 horse power, the larger 60 horse; total horse power 330. Percentage of net profit: From the best information obtainable the average for all would be about 9 percent. on invested capital, although the profit in certain localities is more. Increase in the business in the past twelve months: Increase in the number of mills, about one-fourth; in annual product, about 8 per cent. 6. Number of turpentine establishments, 26. Location: Most of the establishments are located on the Northeastern Railroad, several on the Georgetown border, and one on the South Carolina Central Railway. Number of hands employed: White 182, col- ored 598; total 780. Capital employed, $117,000. Value of annual product, $420,- 000. Annual outturn: Spirits Lab ig oho er- crease or decrease in the business in the last twelve months, about the same as twelve | months ago. 7. Other manufactories, none. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Reapers 2, broadcast drill 1, guano sower1, improved harsows 5, manure spreader 1,screw pulverizer 1, two- horse cultivators 6. Nearly every farmer uses cotton planters, and sOme use corn planters. Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse power: Fifty-four engines used for grinding and ginning. 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? About 550 pure and graded sheep; the Merino Twenty-four head of im- proved cattle, principally Devon and Jer- sey; Devon, with about one-eighth Brahmin, is the favorite. There are quite a number of Berkshire and Essex hogs, these breeds being the favorites. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year.and with its efficiency five years ago? It is the general impression among the best farmers in the county that the colored labor is less valuable and less efficient now than last year and five years ago. 4. Supply of colored as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five yearsago? A great many colored laborers have left the county during | the last year,and the supply has been far short of the demand, and much less than it was five years ago. Proportion of white to colored field labor: The laborers who hire for wages and own no land would probably be seven-eighths colored. Taking the whole number of laborers, proprietors as well as renters, the proportion would be one-third white to two-thirds colored. 6. Number of hours to a full day’s field work? About eight hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers? In some portions of the county much higher wages are paid than in others. The fair average wages for the county, upon the best information obtained, is for males $14 and for females $8 per month, counting rations, &c. 8. Extent of field work done by women and children, white and colored? Quite a number, more colored women and children work in the field than male colored. Not many white women, but a number of white children, work in the fields. 9. System of labor most in use in the | of the people of county, &c.? The wages, i.e., that is forso | much per month. is the most popular and more universally prevalent. The laborer generally hires for eight months from the ist of January. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? The cost varies according to the amount produced. An average, upon the best information, puts the cost at 9 cents per pound and $45 per bale of 500 pounds. 11. Percentage of tnis cost in raising, pack- ing, picking and ginning? About nine- twelfths in fertilizers and cultivation, two- twelfths in picking, and one-twelfth in gin- ning and baling. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites,and with what suc- cess? The total number of farms is some 1,075. About one-tifth of these are worked exclusively by whites; acres 10.168. ‘these farmers are generally more thrifty and have more money than others. 14. Numberand acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and with what success? About 645 farms, with an acreage of 7.563 acres. When the land is owned by colored farmers, as in the case of whites above, they are doing much better than the colored renters or laborers. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? The colored land- owner does a great deal better than the ten- ant-farmer. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money and acquiring land? Those fortunate enough to own land are saving some money; the tenants and laborers pone. 16. Number and nationality of immigrants in the county, &c., none. 17. The operation of the There has been so much Stock law, &c.,? dissatisfaction in regurd to the law that there has not been as — yet a testof its effect. Many, however, be- lieve that some improvement has resulted from it. 18. The Lien law, and its effect on white and colored farmers and merchants? There vis but one expression of opinion from all con- | sulted, and that is, that it is ruinous to all classes. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance enforcement and effect? Generally enforce oe considered a very useful and beneficial aw. 20. Quantity, kind and price of land for sale in the county? There is a quantity of land for sale, some very fine timber and farming lands. Perhaps 100,000 acres could be bought at from $3 to $10 per acre. 21. Number of cotton a mm the county, &c.? There are about 58 steam gins and — about 70 waterand horse sips, hoa steam is rapidly taking the place of water and animal motive power. 22. Remarks, suggestions, &c.? There is one great evil this county has to contend | with, and which accounts for the we re 1e of land,and that is the dixposition 0 mass of landowners to neglect their farms - and to devote a!! their time and labor to eut- lng timber and crosstiex and working tur- pentine. The lands of the county, while naturally productive, have never, but with afew exceptions, been properly cultivated | and improved. This, in connection with the || Lien law, has hel to retard the illiamsburg in an cul- tural point of view. Edgefield County. MANUFACTURES, 1. Number and kind of manufactur establishments: Flour and grist. mills lumber mills 10; total 50. Capital employed, $75,000. Value of annual produ sbu,d00. Number of persons employed: te 50, colored 80; total 130. ‘ 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in course of construc- tion, &c. 3. Number of flour and t mills, flour 10, grist 30; total 40. Number of hands em- ployed: White 40, colored 40; tetal 80. Capi- tal employed, $50,000. Value of annual product, $50,000. Classes of product, flour, meal and grist. Rate of toll, one-tenth. Water or steam power, both. Percentage of net profit, 5 per cent. Increase or decrease in business within tbe year, neither. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none proper. 5. Lumber mills, 10. Number of hands employed: White 10, colored 40; total 50. Number of horses and mules, 40. Capital employed, $25,000. Value of annual pro- duct, $40,000. Class of machinery, second rate. Water or steam power, water eo steam 9. Amount of horse-power, 150. Increase or ae in business within the year, neither. 6. Turpentine stilis, &c., none. 7. Other manufactories, none. MINES. 1. Number of mines in county, none. 2. Number of quarries, 1. Location, Bates- burg, E. W. MeLener. Character, mill rock of best quality. Not now in operation. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Sowers 500, reapers 50, sulky ploughs 20, guano distributors 30, harrows 300. Number of steam engines in use on farms and their horse-power, 50, horse-power each 8; total home? eo 2. Heads of improved stock? Fifty head of improved cattle. Jerseys most thought of. But little improvement in sheep. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? There has been little change since last year, but there is some improve- ment since five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? Sup- ly and demand about equal this year and ast year, and about the same five years ago. 5. Proportion of white to colored farm labor? White, one-third. : 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? Ten. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- borers? Males $8, females $5 per month, with rations. 8. Extent of farm work done by women and children, white and colored? White to some extent, colored to a large extent. 9. System of labor most in use? That most in use is what is termed the tenant sys- tem, where the land is rented fora part of the crop. 10. Ayerage cost of producing merchant- able cotton? Hight cents per pound, or $40 per bale of 500 pounds. ‘ ; 11, The percentage of the cost involved in raising, picking and ginning? Raising 75 er cent., picking 18 per cent. and ginning P r cent. 2. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and with what suc- cess? Acreage 70,000. They succeed gen- erally in making a scant support. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people and with what success? Acreage 130,000. They succeed about as weil as the whites. 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled and directed by whites and worked either exclusively with colored labor or by white, and how they succeed ? First. In case of farms operated by white proprietors and worked with labor em- ployed by them: Number of farms 1,000, total acreage 126,000; acres in cotton 40,000, corn 20,000, oats 50,000, wheat 10,000, barley and rye 2,000, sweet potatoes 3,000, peas generally planted with corn, provision crop 1,000. Yield per acre with fair average season is as follows: Pounds of lint cotton er acre 200; corn, bushels per acre 8; oats, ushels per acre 15; wheat, bushels per acre 10; wheat and barley, bushels per acre 10; high land rice, not planted; peas, bushels per acre 10; sorghum 100 gallons per acre, value $50. Peas are generally planted with corn and after oats, and fed off by allowing stock to run on them. Second. In cases of farms let to colored tenants over which the planter proprietor exercises supervisory control or direction: Number of acres in such farms 50,000; acres in cotton 35,000. corn 10,000, oats 3,000, wheat 500, barley and rye none, sweet potatoes 1,000, sorghum 500. ‘The yield per acre on these tenant farms is as follows: Lint cotton 150 pounds, corn 6 bushels, oats 10, wheat 8, sweet potatoes 25, peas 8, sorghum per acre 30 gallons. 15. Gondition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? As landowners good; as tenants not so good. 16. Are colored farmers making progress Saving money and acquiring farms? Some few, but not many. 17. Number and nationality of immigrants in the county, &c.? There were at one time some immigrants in the county, but none now. 18. The operation of the Stock law, &e.? The Stock law is esteemed one of the best laws on the Statute book. It reduces ex- penses and inproves the stock. Of course the number of stock isreduced, but the qual- ity is much improved. 19. The Lien law and its effect on white and colored, farmers and merchants? It has been a curse to the county, to white and colored farmers alike. If it affords a benefit, _the merchants receive it. 20. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? The effect has been good and the law generally observed and enforced. It would be better if the law was more general. 21. Quantity, kind and price of land for sale in the county? Thousands of acres of good land for sale at from $5 to $8 per acre. 22. Number of cotton gins in the county, | &¢.2 Number of gins 500, cost $200 each; maximum outturn,10 bales each per day; average outturn to gin, 6_ bales Tr day; average distance hauled to gin, 1 mile; aver- age charge for ginning and packing, $2 per bale. Number of bales ginned annually, on an average 75 to gin, or 37,50U bales to the county. 23. Remarks, suggestions, &c.: There has been but little improvement in the finan- cial condition of the county in the last five years. This is mainly attributable to the Lien law or credit system. Those who have capital of their own and do not have to bor- row money succeed very well, but no farmer can succeed in this county and pay the exor- bitant rate of interest charged by the mer- chants for the credit given, and by the bankers for money loaned. Darlington County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing e6s- tablishments: Flour mills 58, foundries 1, lumber mills 20, turpentine establishments 12; total establishments 91. Capital em- ployed, $304,000. Value of annual products, een: Number of persons employed, in all, 675. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. Number of cotton mills in course of construction, two—the Darlington Manufacturing Com- any, at Darlington C. H.,and the Florence Manufacturing Company at Florence. The capital proposed for the Darlington mill is $280,000. Of this $140,000 has been sub- scribed and the work of construction begun. The capital pepe for the Florence mill is $250,000. f this $120,000 has been sub- seribed, but the work of construction has not begun. 3. Number of flour, grist and rice mills: Flour mills 7, rice mill 1, grist mills 50; total 58. Numberof hands employed, 60. Capital employed, $104,000. Value of annual pro- duct,$150,000. Classes of product, meal, flour and clean rice. Rate of toll, % to 1-0 in kind. Water or steam-power, both. 4. Foundries and machine shops, one, the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Rail- road shops, located at Florence, S. U., and owned by the Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta and Northeastern Railway Compa- nies. Number of hands employed, 250. Capi- tal employed, $100,000, paid annually to labor. Horse-power used, 125. Value of annual product, $170,000. 5. Lumber mills, 20. Number of hands employed, 125. Number of horses and mules employed, 87. Capital employed, $50,000. Value of annual product, $120,000. Water or steam power, both. Amount of horse power used, from 8 to 20 horse power each; total 280. Turpentine stills, &c.,12. Num- ber of hands employed, 240. Capital em- ployed, $50,000. Value of annual product, $220,000. Annual outturn, spirits turpen- tine 11,202 barrels, rosir 28,800 barrels. Other manufactories: It is proposed to es- tablish a cotton seed oil mill at Florence with a capital of $80,000. MINEs. 1. Number of mines in the county, none, 2. Number of quarries, none. AGRICULTURE. | 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- | tural implements? Mowers and reapers | combined 50, reaper and binder 1, harrows | 100, cotton planters 500, gang ploughs 15, | guano distribuiors 2. umber of steam en- gines in use on farms and their horse-power, 150; average horse-power, 6 to 12; total 1,350 horse-power. / 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? Cattle, | 20 Herd-book Jerseys, 50 half-breed Jerseys, 10 full-blood Merinoes, 2 Oxford Downs, 150 half-blood Merinoes. Jerseys preferred. 3. Efficiency of colored laboras compared with last year and five years ago? About 90 | per cent. of last yearand 75 per cent, of five | years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor, &e? Supply de- creasing yearly; more disposition on the | part of the colored people to rent landand | farm on their own account. 1] colored field | 5. Proportion of white to One-third white to two-thirds col- labor? ored, 6. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? “Sun-up to sun-down,” with from two to three hours for meals. 7. Wages paid male and female farm la- | horers? $8 to $10 for males; $5 to $6 for fe- | males per month, with rations. 8. Extent of field work done by women and children, white and colored? Most of the women and children at certain seasons of | the year. 9. System of labor most in use in the | county? Most of the labor is paid for in | money at the end of the month. Hoeing and cotton picking done by day labor. 10. Costof producing merchantable cotton? Shes cents a pound, or $35 to 500 pound ale. 11. Percentage of the cost in raising, pick- ing and ginning? Raising 12-20, picking 5-20, ginning 3-20. 12. Wane and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites and their success? One-fourth of farms, averaging 20 acres to farm. They succeed far better than colored. | 13. Number and acreage of farms worked | exclusively by colored people and their suc- | cess? as renters; one-half of farms worked by | colored under white direction. | 14. Number and acreage of farms owned, controlled or directed by whites and worked | exclusively with colored labor or by white | and colored, and with what success in each case? Number of farms, 1;075. Totalacreage in crops, 50,840. Acres in cotton 16,940, corn 27,400, oats 3,250, rye 600, high land rice 1,500, sweet potatoes 850, peas 250, mis- cellaneous 50. Peas chiefly planted in corn | fields. Average yield per acre in fair average | season: Cotton, 240 pounds of lint; corn, from 12 to 15 bushels; oats, from 25 to 35 |}, bushels; high land rice. 10 bushels; rye, 10 | bushels; sweet potatoes, 100 bushels. Num- ber of farms let to colored tenants 400, acres | 1,250. The average yield on these tenant farms when tenants work under the super- vision of white proprietor is about the same as above farms operated by proprietors. One-fourth of farms worked by colored }) | begun to improve in the oxpenae of fencing, whilst the stock be- 19. The Lien law—its effect on colored farmers and merchants? acurse to both merchant and farmer. No Inen. 20. The Prohibition law—its yw prey enforcement and effect? Itis a A blessing. Scenes due to the effects of occur in our villages which are a disgrace to civilization. gin to improve. aot aes The law is good either to white or colored If the law were enforced it would be a gre 21. Quantity, kind and price of land for Land can sale in the county, &¢? be bought for $10 peracre, sometimes less, but the best uplands are not for sale eptat $40 or $50 per acre. 22. Number of cotton Gins, 400—steam 17, horse; outturn to gin bales; charge for ginning, one-twentieth,and sometimes cotton is ginned for seed. There are 30,000 bales ginned ann . ginsin the county remainder water an per day, from 4 to 10 cation, but the dry years of 1881 and 1883 have thrown us back again. What we 7 is more diversified farming. All our pod eh fruit and vegetables for market have ailed. There are five mineral springs in the county which in time may be of value. One of these springs is known as far West as Arkansas. Lancaster County. MANUFACTURES, 1. Number and kind of man es- tablishments ; Flour and grist mills - ber mills 18; total 64. Capital em ; $88,000. Vaiue of annual products, $105,- 000. Number of persons employed : tes 79, colored 131; total 210. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There of construc- raised are no cotton mills in the course tion in the county, nor capital or companies being organized for the same. 3. Number of flour and grist mills, 46. Number of hands employee White 55, col- ored 83; total 138. ital em: loyed £69,- 000. Value of annual produc $65 b Rate of toll, one-tenth. Water or power, about equally divided. Increase or decrease in the business in the twelve months: Increase 15 per cent. tions | and names of proprietors: Flat Creek Towns Johnson, J. R. Welsh, Andrew Knight, J. J. Sea Amos and William Coo , Jack Small, Ned Burners, W. B. Williams, R. MeNeal. G. Cureton, Hin- 15. Condition of the colored farmers as || landlords and tenants? It could not be worse. It isa struggle for existence. 16. Are colored farmers making proen saving money and acquiring land? ith very few exceptions they are failures. 17. Numberand nationality of immigrants in the connty, &c.? None as farm hands. Some as suupkKeepers and mechanics. Most of the immigrants are from Germany. 18. The operation of the Stock law? The effect is good. The law has done away with . Gill’s Greek Township—f. son & Bowers, George Sinclair, Estate H. R. W. Belks. Cone Creek porns ae H. Foster. N. G. B. Chaffee, J. W. Hood, J. B. Evins. Cedar Creek Township—Dr. MceDows, J. R. Massy, N. B. Vahlandingham. Beaufort Township—Kobinson & Snipes, Funderburk & McNeely, J. B. McManus, Belk & Taylor, C. A. Plyler. ‘Indian Land Township—J. M. Ivy, D. C. Wolf, Turner Barber, Starnes Bros, Pleasant Hill Township—W. J. Mellvain, L. M. Cauthen, Hilton Norman, Y. Vahlan- dingham, J. A. P. Blackman, James Knight, W. B. & T. Bruce. Waxhaw Township—Isam MeGuirts, A. ae Say J. L. Robinson, Martin Steals and others. 4. Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, 18. Locations and names of proprietors: . lat Creek Township—W. R. Williams, J. J. ~~ \ x Phillips, J. R. Welsh, Haile Gold Mine Com- ny. PrOtL’s Creek Township—M. J. Shaver, Geo. Sinclair, J. F. Hunter, Hinson & Bowers. Beaufort Township—J. P. McManus, Fun- derburk & McNeely, Belk & Taylor, C. A. Plyler, Ned Bowers. : indian Land Township—D. C. Wolf. _ Pleasant Hill Township—Nathaniel Gage. Waxhaw Township—Isam MeGuirts. Number of hands employed: White 24, colored 48; total 72. Number of horses and mules employed. 54. Capital employed, 19,000. Value of annual product, $40,000. lass of machinery, ordinary. Water or steam power: principally steam. Amount of horse power used: about 20 horse power to mill; total 360 horse power. Increase or de- erease in the business in the last twelve- months: increase about 30 per cent. 7. Other manufactories: There are a few tanneries, brickyards, carriage and wagon shops, and a good many blacksmith shops. MINEs. 1. Number of minesin the county, about ten. Names, location and proprietors: Haile gold mine.:Flat Creek Township. Gay gold mine, Flat Creek Township. Blackman’s mine, Flat Creek Township. Jones mine, Flat Creek Township. Snuter mine, Beaufort Township. Hunter's mine, Gills Creek Township Stevens mine, Gills Creek Township. Indian Land mine, Indian Land Township. Funderburk mine, Beaufort Township. One not named. Character: The Haile gold mine is a first- class vein. The Gay mine is of fine promise. These are the only two now operated. Capital employed in both mines, about $300,000. nnual product, from $3,000 to $7,009 per month. Class of machinery: The most improved for separating sulphur from the gold. Number of hands employed, 110 white. Increase or decrease in the busi- ness in the last twelve months: A consider- able increase, about 30 per cent. The Haile Gold Mine is operated by a wealthy New York company. Mr. Blanville is president, and E. S. Spillsbury is the manager and superintendent. The operation of the works goes on night and day for every day of the week, Sunday not excepted. The machinery used is of the most improved pat- tern. There are two roasting furnaces and twenty stamp mills ear by powerful steam engines. Inall there are about five steam engines. The great trouble hitherto has been the separation of the sulphur from the gold. This is now successfully effected by the use of the roasting furnaces and the highly improved machinery introduced by the Northern proprietors. In connection with this mine the company Operate a large store and also a steam saw mill. They have lately erected a church at or near the place. Around these mining and other works there has grown up a village of some moment. And indesd it may be well said this company is doing a great deal for Lancaster County. The mine is improv- ing in reputation and is probably surpassed by few if any in the State. It is well known that gold can be found anywhere, more or less, in the eastern part of the county, and it is thought that this may prove to be a famous gold region, needing only development. 7. No quarries in the county in operation. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of improved agricul- tural implements? These implements are freely used in the county. Number of Steam engines in use on farms and their Eater none. 2. Head of improved stock? few improved sheep and cattle. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and withits efficiency five years ago? Colored Jabor is growing less efficient every year and it is much more in- efficient now than it was five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with thedemand and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? There is no falling offin the supply. 5. Proportion of white to colored field labor? About a third white to two-thirds colored. 6. Number of hours to full day’s field work ? About ten hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? Good male hands $10 per month, and good female hands $6 per month. 8. Extent of field work done by women There are a and children, whiteand colored? They work toa smallextent. 9. Systema of labor most in use in the county? The tenant system chiefly prevails. When day wages are paid,40 to 50 cents a day is given. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? About 7 cents per pound or $35 per bale of 500 pounds. 11. Percentage of this cost in raising, pick- ing and ginning? About 5 cents a pound is involved in the raising, and 2 cents a pound in the picking and ginning. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and with what suc- cess? A great many farms in the county covering a considerable area are worked ex- clusively by whites, and they seem to be prosperous. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored people, and with what Success? A great many farms are so worked. A few seem to prosper, but most of them make a failure. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- Owners and tenants? A’ few of them own lands and are prospering. but most of them are tenants and are poor managers. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, Saving money and acquiring land? some few are. 16. Number and nationality ofimmigrants in the county, &e.? Thereare a few foreign- ers who have come into the county in the last few years. They have not become land- owners. 17. Operation of the Stock law? It is very beneficial to farmers. It certainly reduces expenses and improves the stock. 18. The Lien law and its eflects on white and colored farmers and merchants? It en- courages the farmers in extravagance and betrays the merchants into a venturesome kind of business. 19. The Prohibition law—iis observance, enforcement and effect? It has a good effect and is pretty generally observed. 20. Quantity, Kind and price of land for sale in the county 2? Not much, and what is for sale is the worst character of land. 21. Number of cotton gins in the county, «ec. ? About 130 gins. Average cost $450 to gin. Average outturn to gin per day about G bales. Distance hauled to gin one mile. Charge for ginning 1-14 to 1-20. Number of bales ginned annually about 20,000. Have heard of only one cleaner in the county. 22. Remarks, &c.: There are very few farms in this county operated by white pro- prietors under the hired labor System, viz: farms where all the labor is hired and wages paid for seryices rendered. The tenant sys: tem, viz: where land is rented and a part of the crop made is given in payment of rent, prevails almost universally. There are about 59,295 acres in cultivation in the county—about 35,577 acres in cotton, about 15,812 acres in small grain, oats, wheat, rye, barley, &c., and about 7,906 acres in corn. Not many acres are planted in peas, potatoes and miscellaneous ria oe About 600 pounds of seed cotton per acre, 15 bushels of corn, 20 bushels of oats, 8 bushels of wheat, LO bushels of peas and 75 bushels of potatoes are the fair average pro- duetion per acre. There are very few farms in the county where the land-owners, in renting out their land, reserve the right to supervise and direct the manner in which such farms shall be worked. The land-owners generally re- tain no control over the land after having rented it. Kershaw County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kind of manufacturing es- tablishments in the county: Flour and grist mills 43, lumber mills 16, turpentine estab- lishments 6, other manufactories 1, total 66. Capital employed, $120,000. Value of agpnual product, $197,000. Number of per- sons employed: White 184, colored 303, total 487. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. 3. Number of flour, grist and rice mills, 43. Number of hands: White 74, colored 43; total 117. Capital employed, $40,000 Value of annual product, $75,000. Classes of pro- duct: Grist, meal and rice. Rate of toll, one- tenth. Water or steam, one-third. Steam, two-thirds water. Increase within the year, about 15 per cent, 4. Foundries and machine shops, none. 5. Lumber mills, 16. Number of bands employed: White 55, colored 110; total 165. Number of horses and mules, 75. Capital employed, $45,000.. Value of annual pro- duct, $70,000. steam. Increase within the year, cent. 6. Number of turpentine establishments, 6. 10 per Number of hands: White 35, colored 140; | total 175. Capital employed, $25,000. Value of annual product, $30,000. Decrease within the year, about 40 per cent. decrease. 7. Other manutactories, 2. Character: Planing 1, wagon mill1l. (Capital employed, $10,000. Number of hands employed: White 20, colored 10; total 30. Value of annual product, $15,000. Increase within the year, none. MINES. 1. Number of mines in the county: Only one gold mine, not worked. 2. Number of quarries 2, (not worked now.) Character: Granite equal to any in the world. Unlimited supply. AGRICULTURE, 1. Numberand kind of improved agricul- tural implements? From 350 to 400. Num- ber of steam engines used on farms, 21. 2. Head of improved stock ? Small number. Increasing attention is given to Jersey and Ayrshire cattle and Berkshire hogs. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year,and with its efficiency five years ago? Very inefficient. More so than ever, oWing to the Lien lawand small-tenant farms, 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? Labor Water or steam, mostly | | almost entirely, part | picking 20 per cent., | owners and tenants? | Sale in the county? | idly improve our condition. Pig! scarce in 1883, more plentiful in 5. Number of hours to full day’s farm work? Sun up to sun down. 6. Wages paid male and female farm la-— eres Males $8 to$12 per month, females | 7. Do women and children, white or col- ored, work in the fields, and to what extent? Yes, to some extent on tenant 8. System of labor most in use? Wages paid each month. 9. Cost of producing merchantable cotton ? iighh cents per pound, or $40 per bale of 500 pounds. 10. Percentage of thiscost in raising, pack- ing and ginning? *Raising 74 per cent., inning 6 per cent. 11. Condition of colored farmers as land- Landowners are pros- pering and accumulating, tenants be- hind nearly every year. 12. Are colored farmers making | saving money and acquiring land ? oo. not as a rule. 13. Number and nationality of ifmmi- grants in the county, &c.? Onlyabouta half — dozen now. 14. Operation of the Stock law? Signs of thrift everywhere as the result. The best | law passed since 1876, sofar as agricultural — interests are concerned. Farmers are all pleased with its operation. 15. The Lien law, and its effect on white — and colored farmers and merchants? De-— moralizing to farmers, and they favor its . abolition. Credit system largely en, in. — 16. The Prohibition law—its enforcement, — &c.? None. 17. Quantity, price and kind of land for Thousands of acres clay, loam and river bottoms. Price $2 to $10 per acre. 18. Remarks. suggestions, &c.?_ The aboli- tion of the Lien law, the subdivision of large tracts into smaller farms owned by bona Jide settlers, and the general introduction of improved labor-saving implements will rap- : 4 7 ; Barnwell County. . : MANUFACTURES, 1. Number and nd of mnpmeearing ‘ establishments: Grist mills 94, foundries and — machine shops 1, lumber mills 42, t ntine | establishments 10; total 147. capi em-— ployed, $300,000. Value of ann product, $548,750. Number of hands employed: : White 215, colored 540; total 755. 2. Number of cotton mills in the county, — none. Number and names of cotton mills in course of construction, 1. Name—Fairmount. Location—Tinker’s Creek, six miles south- west of Williston, South Carolina Railroad. Capital to be employed, $100,000. Pounds — of cotton it will consume, 1,460 000 pounds © or 2,800 bales of 500 pounds weight. Num- ber of spindles to be used, 4, . Number of looms, 60 54-inch looms. Water or steam — power and norse power: Water, 130 horse Payer Number of hands to be employed, — 100. 3. Number of flourand grist mills, 94. Num- ber of hands employed: White 94, colored 94; total 188 Capital one $100,000. Value of annual pea $150,000 Water or steam: Water 40, steam 54. Increase in the last twelve months, about the same. 4. Foundries and machine shops, 1. Loca- tion and name of proprietor: Three-Mile Township—C. Ehrhart. Number of hands employed, 5 whites. Capital employed, $3,000. Horse power used, 30. Value ofan- |) nual product, $3,000. Percentage of net profit, 33 per cent. Increase in business, &c., pone. ‘4 5. Lumber mills, 42. Number or hands employed: White 56, colored 196; total 252. Capital employed, $147,000. Value of an-— nual product, $315,000. Class of machinery | used, good average for country mills. Water or steam power, two-thirds steam power. Amount of horse power: Average, 20 horse wer to the mill; total horse power. 84. umber of horses and mules employed, 330. Inerease in the business in the last twelve months, about the same. é 6. Number of turpentine establishments, 10. Number of hands employed: White 50, colored 250; total 300. Capital employed, $50,000. Value of annual product, $80,750. “Annual outturn: Spirits turpentine, 4,250 | barrels; rosin, 17,000 barrels. 7. Other manufactories, none. AGRICULTURE. 1. Number and kind of impreved agricul- tural implements? Some few of all kinds of improved implements in use, though they are used to no material extent in the county. Number of steam engines in use on farms, and their horse power, about 50. Average oe Bower, 8: total 400. 2. Head of improved stock, &c.? There are in the county a few Jerseys, Brahmin and other breeds of improved stock and grades, and also a few improved sheep and hogs; but as yet stock-raising, in any proper sense, is mucb neglected in Barnwell County. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year,and with its efficiency five years azo? There are “many minds” as to this question. Out of seven replies from va- rious sections of the county, two answer “same,” one answers “improved 10 per cent.,”’ one “steadily worse,” one ‘‘d¢epreci- ated 10 per cent.,” one “75 per cent. below five years ago,” one “20 per cent. less.’ Four out of seven thus attest declining efficiency of a serious character, two discover no marked change, and only one attests im- provement, 4. Supply of colored labor as compared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? Here, again, opinions vary. Uut of seven responses from different sections of the county tue fol- lowing replies are made: Three ‘‘the same,” one “5 per cent. less than the demand,” one “evidently falling off,” one ‘20 per cent. be- low demand,” one ‘‘supply insufficient.” It would thus be seen that the supply is stead- | ily falling behind the demand. 5. Proportion of white to colored field labor? Outof seven replies from different parts of the county answering for townships the answersare: Rosemary Township, white 50 per cent.: Beldovk, white 25; Fish Pond, white 60; Williston, white 50; Sycamore, white 40; George’s Creek, white 66; Three- Mile Township, white 33 per cent. This would go to show at leasi 35 per cent. white labor for the county. 6. Number of hours to a full day’s field work? From 8 to 10 hours. 7. Wages paid male and female farm labor- ers? For males from $6 to $9 per month with board, females $4 to $6. 8. Extent of the work done by women and | children, white and colored. This variesac- | i] in the county ? cording to the prevalence of races‘ Where the | negroes are in considerable numbers white Women and children do little work; but in some parts of the county, where the white race predominates, white women and chil- dred work in the fields to the extent of 70 to | | } | 80 per cent. of their number. Colored wo- men and children work throughout the county to a considerable extent. 9. System of labor most in use in the county? Contract labor, day's labor paid for day’s work, and labor employed for seven months for which wages are paid at the end of the term—men receiving $60 and women $45 to $50 for the term. 10. Average cost of producing merchanta- ble cotton? About 8 cents a pound and $40 to bale of 500 pounds. 11. Percentage of the cost in raising, pick- ing and ginning? About 76 for raising, «c., 17 per cent. for picking and 7 per cent. tor ginning and baling. 4 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by whites, and with what suc- cess? About 25 per cent. of farms. Succeed from moderately to very well. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked | exclusively by colored people,and with what success? About 30 per cent. of farms. They are successful only ina few notably excep- tional cases, though a few of such colored farmers have been very successful. 14. Condition of colored farmers as land- owners and tenants? As a rule, the condi- tion of the independent colored farmer is “from hand to mouth” whether landowners or tenants, though as landowners they are somewhat more successful; and this for the reason that they feel more interest in the lands they occupy,and, remaining in one place, they retain the small accumulations which are wasted by roaming tenants. Yet even this incentive to improve the hold- ings they possess does not induce the same thrift and energy on the part of the colored proprietor, save in exceptional cases, that it does with the class of well-to-do small veue farmers who own and work their own ands. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, Saving money and scquiring lands? Asa rule they are not, though a few of them ex- hibit encouraging efforts to better their con- dition, and are richly rewarded by a hopeful success. 16. Numberand nationality ofimmigrants There are only a few immi- grants in the county—English and German; seldom engage as laborers and not very suc- cessful, nor have they proven the best of labor. 17. Operation of the Stock law? It ope- rates well; reduces expenses some 5 per ceut., induces greater care in the keep of stock, and must result in the free introduction of im- proved breeds. 18. The Lien law—its effect on the white and,colored farmers and merchants? Opin- ions as to this law vary. Some hold that it is “a help to all;” others that it is a curse to all classes, inducing extravagance and idle- ness, and demoralizing labor, which refuses solidly remunerative employment so long as it can “tuck a lien” and go at large. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance and enforcement, and effect? The Prohibi- tion measure is popular in Barnwell County as a whole, and, should it meet with the con- tinued approval and support it now enjoys, it must?result in good to many. 20. Quantity, kind and price of land in the county for sale? No land in the county bought and held for sale, yet good land can be bought at from $7 to $10 per acre. 21. Number of cotton gins in the county, &c.? Number320, Cost togin, $650. Maxi- mum outturn togin perday,7 bales; average, 5. Costof gin, $650. Distance hauled togin, 3 miles. Charges, one-sixteenth .Bales ginned annually, 30,000. Orangeburg County. MANUFACTURES, 1. Whole number and Kind of manufac- turing establishments in the county, 189. Amount of capital employed, $272,600. Value of the annual product, $578,500. Number of persons employed, 901—white males 252, white females 91; colored males 558 colored females none 2. Number of cotton mills, one. The Orangeburg Cotton Mills. Location, Or- angeburg,S.C. Capitalem ployed, $125,000. Value of annual product, $185,000. Con- sumption of cotton in pounds annually, 1,265,000. Product per annum, 1,100,000 pounds of yarn. Percentage of net profit, 10 per cent. Number of hands employed 106—whites 105, colored 1. Number of spindles in operation 4,200, number of looms none. Water or steum power: Steam 150 horse-power in use; engine capacity 225 horse-power. Increase or decrease in last 12 months: 10 per cent. increase. 3. Number of rice mills, one. Name, loca- tion and proprietor, Orangeburg Rice Mill, located in the Town of Orangeburg, Messrs. Banks & Smith proprietors. Number of hands employed, white 12, colored 10. Capi- tal employed, $15,000. Value of annual product, $25,000. Classes of product, clean rice in four grades. Average rate of toll, one- eighth. Water or steam power used, steam. Increase or decrease in the business during the last 12 month, 10 per cent. increase. 4. Grist mills 112. scattered all over the county. Number of hands employed 240— white 112, colored 128. Capital employed, $30,000. Value of annual product, $43,000. Classes of product, cracked corn, grist and corn meal. Average rate of toll. one-eighth. Water and steam power used—92 steam, 98 water. Increase or decrease in last 12 months, no change. 5. Flour mills 31. Number of hands em- ployed 64—whites 31, colored 33. Capital employed, $12,400. Value of annual pro- duct, $21,000. Classes of product, wheat flour and oat meal. Average rate of toll, one-eighth. Water or steam power, both. Increase or decrease in the last 12 months, 5 per cent. increase. Foundries and machine shops, bone except blacksmith’‘shops. 6. Lumber mills, 34. Location and names of proprietors: Jno.S.Rowe,Elizabeth Township; N. N. Hayden, R.F. Way, E. Hughes, Richard Smoak, Zion Township; G. B. Salley, Hughes «& Bro., Union Township; T. A. Jones, Lib- erty Township; J. H. Livingstone, Hebron Township; J. ship; L.S. Connor, Middle Township: P. F. Gramling, Orange Township; Tilley & Bro., Jno. Taylor, Goodley Township; Oliver Far- num, Caw-Caw Township; Garrick & Gnue, William Township; B. H. & W. T. Knotts, Elizabeth Township; Dr. W. 3. Barton, Fred. Capers, Dantzler & Co,, Middle Township; W. L. Wolfe, Dr. W. F. Barton, New Hope Town- ship; Mrs. Ann Avinger, Wm. Bull, Vance’s Township; Dr, T. K. Keller, Lyons Township; R. W. Bates, Jesse Way, Goodley Township; Louis Dantzler, Providence Township: M. L. Herlong, Caw-Caw Township; H. Riggs, Orange Township; F. J. Buyck, Amelia Town- ship. Number of hands employed 115; white 34, colored 81. Number of horses and mules, 68 horses, 109 mules. Class of ma- chinery. mostly modern. Steam or water power 31 and 3 water power, power 560, thirty-eight horse power of which is water, Capital employed, $57,000. Value ofannual product, $179,000. Percentage of net profit, 15 to 30 per cent. Increase or de- Name, ). Wannamaker, Lyons Town- || Total horse | crease in the last twelve about 15 per cent, cS 7. Turpentine stills: Number of establish- ments, 8. Location and name of Pricion 4 H. Davis, Caw-Caw Township: Ae net, Middle Township; J. H. Liv H. Scott & Co,, W. A. Johnson, L e ship: T. G. Hill & Co., Elizabeth ips E. E. Bull & Co., New Hope Township; J. K. Hart & Co., Hebron Township. Number of hands employed, 340; white 42, colored 298. months, increase of | Capital, $25,600. Value of annual product, | the courrty? Contractlabor, where | Doyle. Capital employed, | Colored women generally. n $115,000. Annual outturn of spirits turpen- tine 4,810 barrels, rosin 22,451 barrels. In- crease or decrease in the past twelve months, 5 per cent. increase. 8. Other manufactories: Two carriage and wagon factories, located in or near the of Orangeburg. Proprietors, H. Riggs and P. r 000. ’ of hands employed, 22; white 15, colo Value of annual product, $9, . Increase or decrease in the last twelve months, de- crease of 5 per cent. AGRICULTURE, 1. The number and kind of improved agri- cultural implements in use in the county ? Sowers 5, reapers and mowers 15, sulky nvloughs 10, guano distributors 500, harrows 200, stump pullers, &¢.,5. Number of steam engines in use on farms, and their horse power: One hundred and fifteen, averaging 8 horse power. ’ 2. Number of head of improved s prin- cipally sheep and cattle, in the county, and what breeds are most highly thought of? A few Jerseys, which are the cavities. A small number of Berkshire and Essex hogs. Very few sheep. No thoroughbred horses. 3. What is the efficiency of the colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? Better than five years ago, and the same as last year. 4. What is the supply of colored labor com- pared with the demand, and with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? Labor is not scarce, except in seme few local- ities. Supply about equal to demand, and the same as five years ago. 5. What proportion of field labor is white and what proportion is colored? Nine- tenths of the field labor is colored. 6. What number of hours constitute a full day’s work on farms? Eight hours. 7. What are the wages paid to male and female farm laborers? Four to $6 per month, with rations and houses and a small patch of land. 8. Do women and children, white and col- ored, work in the field, and to what extent? Whites to small extent. Children work the fieldsin the cotton picking season. 9. What system of labor is most in use in are paid, or day’s labor, where the use of land is given for services rendered. What are the terms where money is paid? Both systems in use. Aboutequally divided. Where money is paid, the wages average $6 per month, with rations, for men, and $4 for women. 10. What is the estimated average cost of producing merchantable cotton per pound, and per bale of 500 pounds? From 6 to 9 cents per pound. Average, 7 cents per pound or $35 a bale. 11, What percentage of this cost is involved in the raising, what percentage in picking, and what percentage in ginning? eking $7 per bale, ginning $2, including hauling; cost of raising, $26. 12. Whatis the number and whatis the acreage of the farms worked exclusively by white men, and how do they succeed ? About one-tenth of the farms in the county are worked exclusively by white men, the farms averaging 30 acres. They succeed very well. 13. Whatis the number aod what is the acreage of the farms worked exclusively by colored men, and how do they succeed? About1-10 ofthe farms. The acreageaverages 40 acres to the farm. They do not succeed. 14. What is the condition of the colored farmers as landowners and as tenants? | Their condition is fair as tenants, but bad as landowners. ? 15. Are colo'ed farmers making progress, saving money and acquiring land? They are not. | 16. What is the number of foreign-born white immigrants in the county? Few if any. 1. The operation of the Stock law? good. The law is in good operation and growing in favor. 18. The Lien law? There isgreat diversity | of opinion on this subject. The generalopin- | ion is that the law is bad for the merchants, and not very good for the farmers. 19. The Prohibition law—what ix its work- ing, and good or bad effect, and is it gener- ally observed and enforced? The law is not observed and not enforced. 20. The quantity and kind of land for sale in the county, with its character and average price peracre? Very little land except bar- ren pine land and swamp land for sale. Good lands is worth from $10 to $30 per acre. 21. The number of cotton gins in the county, their cost, &c.? Cotion gins 322, valued at $200 to $250 each. Average out- turn, 4 bales a day tothe gin. Average dis- tance cotton is hauled to gins, 4 miles. Charges $2 a bale. Very few cleaners are used. 22. Remarks, suggestions, &c.: It is the general opinion that the almost exclusive cultivation of cotton to the exclusion of pro- visions has been in the past the greatest ob- stacle in the way of the advancement of the best interests of the county. A change has taken place in the last two years. Small grain is cultivated to a greater extent and the success achieved will tend to increase its cultivation and will add to the general pros- perity of the people. Berkeley County. MANUFACTURES. 1. Number and kinds of manufacturing establishments: Grist mills 51, steam rice threshing machines 15, lumber mills 8, tur- pentine stills 30, other manufactories 3— orlbeck’s brick and tile works in Christ Chureh Parish, the Stoney Landing brick, stone and lime works near Monck’s Corner, and Sanders, Welling & Co.’s brick factory on Cooper River; total establishments, 107. Capital employed, $389,500. Value of an- nual product, $763,900. Number of persons employed, 842. 2. Number of cotton mills, none. There are no cotton mills in course of construction and there is no capital being raised for that purpose. 3. Number of grist mills and rice threshers: Grist mills 51, rice threshing machines 15; total 66. Number of hands employed in the grist mills 109, in the threshers 35. Capital employed: Grist mills, $25,500; rice threshing machines, with buildings, $61,000; total, $86,500. Value of annual product: Grist mills, $33,900; rice threshers, 5B Very | $110,000; total, $143,900. Classes of pro- duct: Grist, corn meal and rough rice. Aver- age rate of toll charged, one-eighth. Steam- power used, 448 horse-power; water-power used, 16 horse-power. 4. Foundries and machine shops: except blacksmith shops. 5. Number of lumber mills, 8. Names of prep atone : Geraty & Towles, — Wheelock, R. Hinnant, Avinger & Brother, G. W. Raysor «& Co., F.T. Moore, A. W. Taylor & Uo., E. Welling. Number of hands employed, 280. Num- ber of horses and mules employed, 143. Capital employed, $150,000. Vaiue of an- nual product, $224,000. Class of machin- ery used, modern steam machinery. Amount of horse-power, 289. Increase in the busi- ness of 20 per cent. in the last 12 months. Number of turpentine stills, 30. Proprie- tors: G. W. Ward, T. W. Graham, C. Gilli- can, T, J. Pendarvis, J. C. Beattie, K. Cooper, W.J. Bates, Hughes & Causey, L. P. McClel- lan, W. C. Ward, Parker & Hayes, W. R. Parker, Joseph Hayes. Wright, B.T. Price, A. J. Price, G. W. Wilson & Bro., M. Bethune, J. R. Spiers, F. Stanley & Co., M. J. None, ; Oliver & Co., Shipman & Jones, G. F. Rodg- ers, Jawes Smith, R. Nelson & Co., J. c. Guilds, S. P. Smith, S. Orvin, J. H. Davis, Thompson & Lambright, Kk. S. Humphreys. Number of hands employed, 338. Capital employed, $93,000. Value of annual pro- duct, $189,000. Annual outturn of spir- its of turpentine, 9,580 barrels; rosin, 35,400 barrels. MINEs. Numberof mines and quarries in the coun- ty, none except phosphate mines, reported elsewhere. No quarries. AGRICULTURE. Berkeley County is peculiarly an agricul- tural district, the products being mainly con- fined to sea island cotton and garden vegeta- bles.. John’s Island Wadmalaw Island and Edisto Island form the southern boundary of the county and produce the bulk of the sea island crop. Vegetable gardening is carried on most extensively in Christ Church and St. Andrew’s Parishes and upon Wadmalaw {sland. St. Andrew’s Parish is largely de- voted to phosphate mining. In the parishes of St. James Santee, Goosecreek, St. John’s and St. Stephen’s lie large and extensive rice lands. 1. Numberand kind of improved agricul- tural implements? Sowers 17, reapers 22, sulky ploughs 9, guano distributors 220, har- rows 70, stump pullers 5. Steam engines in use on farms 118, averaging 7-horse power. 2. Number of improved stock ? 250 South- down sheep, 320 Jersey grades. 10 Huoisteins, 175 Berkshire and Essex hogs. Few if any thoroughbred stock. 3. Efficiency of colored labor as compared with last year, and with its efficiency five years ago? The labor on the islands isas efficient as it was last year, but not so effi- cient as fiye years ago. ln the parishes it is less efficient than last year and still less effi- cient than five years ago. 4. Supply of colored labor compared with the supply and demand last year and five years ago? The supply of labor on the isl- ands was less than the demand last year, but the prospect is that labor will be more plenti- ful this year. 5. Proportion of colored to white field labor? Nine-tenths colored. i 6. Number of hours toa full day’s work? Ten hours, where the laborer works by the day. Most of the field labor is done by tasks. 7. Wages paid male and feinale laborers? Males 50 cents and females 40 cents a day. 8. Extent of labor done by women and children, white or colored? Colored women do almost as much as men. 9. System of labor mostin use? Contract labor, where wages are paid, or day’s labor, where the use of land is given for services rendered. What are the terms where money is paid? The system most in vogue is for the laborers to give twodays in every week to the landowner for 8 to 10 acres of land and a house. Where money is paid the wages are $8 a month with rations. 10. Estimated average cost of producing merchantable cotton per pound and per bale of 300 pounds? It averages 20 cents per pound for sea islands and 7 cents per pound for short cotton. 11. Percentage of cost involved in raising, picking and ginning? ae 25 per cent., picking 40 per cent., ginning 35 per cent. 12. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by white men, and their suc- cess? 130 farms, aggregating 4,100 acres. They succeed totera dly well in the parishes, but only moderately well on the islands. 13. Number and acreage of farms worked exclusively by colored men, and their suc- cess? 1,400 farms, aggregating 11,000acres. They barely make a living. 1,200 of these farms are on the islands. 14. Condition of the colored farmers as landowners and as tenants? As landowners they own the poorest lands and make no attempt to Keer up their places. As tenants they live from hand to mouth. 15. Are colored farmers making progress, saving money and acquiring land? Some few have purchased land, but they succeed but indifferently, except under the guidance of white men. 16. Number of foreign-born white immi- | grants in the county, &c.? Very few ifany. 17. The operation of the Stock law—its | effect in reducing expenses and improving stock or otherwise? On the islands it has been in force since 1866. In the parishes, especially St. James Santee, lower St. John’s Goosecreek, and in that neighborhood the | law has been vigorously opposed, but the op- position is growing less as the good effects of the law are seen. - 18. The Lien law—its effect on the whites and colored people, on farmers and mer- chants? There is great diversity of opinion on this subject, but the prevailing opinion seems to bethat it demoralizes the labor, is bad for the farmers and is good for the mer- echapts. It works injury to the white and colored farmers, as it induces idleness as long as their supplies last. Farmers who run on liens entirely rarely if ever do more than pay out at the end of the year. 19. The Prohibition law—its observance, enforcement and effect? The law is not ob- served and is notenforced. Liquor is freely sold at the stores and in cabins in all parts of the county. The feeling is in favor of a high license, 20. The quantity and kind of land for sale in the county, with its character and aver- age price peracre? Very little land is for sale on the islands and itsells for $20 to $30 an acre. Inthe parishes wood lands are freely offered at from 50 cents to $10 an acre. 21. The number of cotton gins in the county, &c.? 189 eg mostly for long cot- ton, valued at $500 to $1,000 each, including fixtures. Average distance that cotton is hauled is 5 miles. Cost of ginning $9 a bale for long cotton and $2 a bale forshort cotton. Cleaners are in general use on the islands and are gaining in favor. 22. Remarks ands tions: The county needs capital, especially to develop its vast agricultural resources. Working on_ bor- rowed money has militated in no small de- gree against the success of the planters. It is a notorious fact that those farmers who have met with success haye not made their money solely by cotton rete but by combining with cotton regions noing for toll and -tore-keeping. The great mi is that the farms have net been made self-sup- porting. Too little atiention is paid to the raising of provision crops and to the raising of hogs and cattle. Horry County. MANUFACTURES, The whole number and kind of manufac- turing establishments: 93 grist mills, 7 rice mills, 23 lumber mills, 41 stills, 2 shingle mills, 2 planing mills; total 162. Amount of capital bay Oy $607,700. Value of the annual product 14,059. um- ber of persons employed, 1,911: white 731, colored 1,180. : Number of cotton mills, none. Number of flour, grist and rice mills, 100— 93 grist mills and 7 rice mills. ; Locations and prope aa of grist mills: WwW. L. Buck & Co., H. Buck, J. E. Dusenbury & R. Lowremore, Benj. Moore, W. A. x F. Mrs. N. Anderson, Enoch Allen, F. G. Bur- roe Jehu Causey, Petiway Cart W. F. Causey. B. A. Hardee nie Lee, Jno. N. Lee and E. Watts, Con F. G. Burroughs & Co., W. R. ee: N. P. Hor- ton E. P. Hughes, k. Jordan, EB Sagem ay T. Lewis, Josiah Rabon, Jno.T, Smith and C. D. Bamhill, J. W. livant’s Township; James Battle. Floyd, James Floyd, Estate P. Gerrold, Chas. Grainger, Wm. Lewis, E. J. Pri Todd, Stephen W. Tyler, J. B. il- liams an Jno. Williamson Floyd's Township; J. OC. a H. Bu in, Sr... ‘Jo. . Graham, Ww. Harrelson, F. A. Prince, J. J. Powell and W. J. Sarvis, Green Sea Township; Wm. Anderson, F. G. Burroughs « Co., Daniel Planton, 8. J. Cains, J. H. Faulk, Dan’l Prince, J. B. wet Bb. P. Stevenson, J. W. Stevens and Tyler, Bayboro’ Township; R. D. Best, R.G. Booth, W.M. Cox, Pink Edge, Sam Hickman, J. A. Hughes, Norris Riley, [saac J. Parker, Rich- ardson & Hardee, estate of D. M. ves, W.J. Stanland, Jessie M. Smith and J. H. Williamson, Simpson’s Creek; L. D. Bryan, Thomas Bell, W. A. Bell, Jos. Butler, estate of Wm. Hardee, Banta & Higgins, W. J. Stanley and J. H. Vereen, Little River; Sam Branton, Dogwood Neck; Dusenb «& Sarvis, S. A. Howard, E. J. Marlow and Alex. Ouatler, Socastee Township. Locations and Sa of rice mills: D. McG. Buck and J. T. Todd, Buck’s Township; Jehu Causey, Conway Town; W. R. Hucks, R. Jordan, Dog Bluff: E. Tyler, Bayboro Township; Sam Branton. The number of hands employed in all of the above mentioned mills is 184: white 121, colored 63. : Capital employed $65,700. Value of the an- nual product $137,000. Rateof toll charged, one-eighth. Steam power is used in 38 of the mills and water power in 62. The steam mills have been increased 15 per cent. in the last twelve months. The water mills remain the same. Foundries and machine shops, one. Proprie- tors: W. L. Buck & Co., at Bucksville. Hands employed 5: white 3, colored 2. u : Capital employed, $1,000, Value of the annual product $2,900. Lumber mills: Number of mills, 28. Lo- cation and name of proprietors: W. lL. Buck & Co., H. L. Buck, Buck’s Township; Bur- roughs & Collins, Conway; W. R. Hucks and R. Jordan, Dog Bluff; J. W. Holliday, OUR COTTON MANUFACTURES. 5 ig. The Total Capacity and Product—Value $9,000,000—Enormous Increase in Less than Four Years—The Prospects for the Future. The following tables (Iand II) show the number of cotton mills completed and projected in each county in the Stateon January 1, 1884, with the num- ber of hands employed, the number of spin- dlesand looms, the amount of cotton con- sumed, theamountof capital employed and the amount and value of the manufactured product : TABLE I. a , |. No. of : 4 5 Horse hands : i = power. empl'd. : E COUNTIES. = : : : E ; : = - : r : L : ie a oe be ee BIS |i HIS |E| 3 ie 6. Of o|/ Ala = ce) O} + | § e) 2, 3 ZF \)a | F lo|' m re AN |<): eee 31,100 380 1,072) 20) 44,180) 1,212 Anderson....... 2]. G63)....,.. 385}.....) LE 5,600 412 Charleston.....| 1)}:...... 400... 15,000 312 Chester........... 2 400 3.724 Greenville... 8 1,370 Lexington....... 2. 310 Orangeburg. pees ht Rea Spartanburg... 7 1,700 Sumfter.......:... ‘4 SEP York... 2 300 Total. Projected Mills Barn well........ 1] 180}......: 100 ..... 4,000 Darlington .... 2....... 530 425... 15,700 330 Newberry ...... Lares 350 300... 10,000 350 _ Total Reeeeary en 4 130 880 825 29,700 740 TABLE II. jas Se} Bee ‘Annual Product. °F } Countigs. |ec3. ae fp 2 £2 Pounds [ ses ie yon | @g3 822 Satay Cloth. bdo Aiken :snaece 18,668 . .. 23,650,000 $2,010,000 Anderson...... 1,822 0) 3,840 000 345,000 Charleston..... 6,000 1,500,000, 8,000,000, 820,000 Chester..... 940 "418, vt () ee SEAS 64,398 Greenville... (20, 286 8,417 7000 ane 000 2,420,000 Lexington... 2) 80 il 182/000... 180,000 Orangeburg... | 23530) 1 , 100,000 185,000 Spartanburs. 16/820 1/869,2 25 008. Sumter.......... 770! 335,000) .............. 88,800 Pio eR ene 2,500) 1 112,000... 180,000 Totall...........| 76,486 16,199,125 64,263,500 $7,963,198 Projected Mills. } | Barnwell....... 2,800 . 400,000, 1, 500,000 $ 160,000 Darlington .... 6.360 1,578,000 8,460, 7000, $40,000 Newberry....... 3,200 1, 350, 000 6,000, 000 350,000 Total 12,360 3,323,000 14,960,000 $1,350,000 Note.—The capital of the mills in operation | in the several counties is as follows: Aiken....... $1,000, 000 Lexington...... $ 320,000 Anderson... 527,000 Orangeburg.... 125,000 Charleston...... 500, 000 Spartanburg... 1,043,000 (GHEStOR: occas, Ouaks “000 Sumter.. ie 60,000 Greenville...... 929,900 A100 de 193,000 TODA]... cc ovecses vonevoseneswasnttepesdessaonen densoseen $4,795,900 The capital of the projected mills is as fol- lows: Barnwell ........ .100,000 Newberry.......... $250,000 Darlington........ 530,000 Mas av cities: ieitss. Ble bce a $880,000 16,273,500) 1,670,000 | | twelve months. The foregoing tables do not show the full capacity of the 29 mills now in operation. Production was lessened last year by una- voidable delays while enlarging certain mills, and mills which were enlarged worked with their full power only a part of the According to the best esti- mates that can be made, on the basis of the work of mills running regularly in Aiken, Greenville and elsewhere, the 29 mills, if working steadily and with their present ca- pacity, would show the following results for the year: Pounds of yarn produced Se aaee Yards of cloth produced......79,442,327 Value of product........ cine $9,097,464 For the present year, taking into account the mills under construction, the value of the products of the South Carolina cotton mills will be at least $9,000,000. Taking the raw material as 90,000 bales of cotton at $45, amounting to $4,050,000, we find that cotton manufactures more than double the value of the raw material and add $5,000,- | 000 tothe income of the people. In 1880, according to the United States census, the value of the products of the South Carolina mills was only $2,895,769. The increase in product in three years is 170 per cent., and the increase in actual capacity is considera- bly more. This is astonishing, but itis the fact. There is no reason why the product of the South Carolina mills in 1890 should not be $27,000,000 to $30,000,000. The number of spindles and looms in 1880 | and 1884 is given below: 1880. 1884. Spindles. ... $2,334 195.112 Looms.. . 1,676 3,652 It cannot be regarded as certain that the rate of increase from 1880 to 1884 will be maintained, but there is little to prevent it, except lack of capital. In 1881-83, $25,- 000,000 were paid for machinery for cotton millsin the South, and $7,500,000 of this | amount was the additional cost caused by Protective duties. But for this drawback the South could have built an additional number of mills and have increased her wealth still further. >—_—_—_———_ LUMBER AND NAVAL STORES. —_—_—~-_—— A Growing and Valuable Industry, now Amounting to $9,000,000. The following tables show the number of lumber mills and turpentine stills in the several counties, together with the hands and capital employed and the value of the product: pura T |Saa| & AO | 2p0| od as Countries. | 5°8) #2 rs 5 “1 Pog| 3c e 2S) VSd | ~2@| ae 3 uae oss) se a sad Gey es 3) > PROBE VILE...) sccccef) ceeeee SiS en ) peeeetaad SPATKEN ......... 6} 300 27,000 12,000 Anderson...|_...... fenEs Nits peseetanc Jean [NM Nec ban eee, Barnwell.... 10, 300 50,000 80,750 Beaufort...... 4 153 15,000 24,000 Berkeley..... 30) 338 93,00 189,000 Charleston... 1| 2 1,500 2,500 EMME eee) | fess) vocals) Mermacensies Chesterfield 13} 300! 102,200 121, ,500 Clarendon...) 16) 312!) 100,500 114/500 Colleton......; 24| 426) 144,000] 168,000 Darlington. | 12} 240 50,000 220,000 Edgefield... ease Rane A AE AsSaaeaer, ME Beate enc ie) Co Ge i fe yee eens Mecaucuumees Geo’ Eciows| 22) 260) 22,000 236,000 pew ile .. BHD cata hMtess cas Hara eiaethaccase ig a 43,000 50,000 | 320,000 400,021 | 25,000 50,000 75,000 240,000 110,000 104,000 » LUMBER MILLS. ape a au } as BSF) a a2, ‘f | s Ss nv rl aes COUNTIES. A a | 3 = 2 as 65 | en) = Ciel i ed | 3) - Abbeville ... 21; 105) $ 45,000 s 65,000 Aiken.......... 12 97) 4.240 49) 500 Anderson.... 93) 372 1307 300 220,000 Barn well..... 42) 252) 147, 7000) 315,000 Beaufort...... 5) 127 60,000 150,000 Berkeley..... 8! 280) 150,000) 224,000 Charleston... 12) 415 325,000) 800,000 (O1002 (2) eee eee NES Bet Ue Meeker ences Chesterfield 16 62, 10,000 25,000 Clarendon... 18} 280 161,000; 186,000 Colleton...... 32} 416, 320,000) 425,000 Darlington. 20! 125 50,000} 120,000 Edgefield.... 10) 50 25,000 40,000 Fairfield...... 5 37 20,000 50,000 Geo’getown | 4) 300) 220,000; 320,000 Greenville... 64, 188 96,000) 170,350 Hampton .... 17; 360, 100,000 654,000 Horry. 23) 304 211,000! 237,000 Kershaw 16, 165 45,000 80,000 Lancaster. 18 [2 19,000) 50,000 Laurens ...... 15 30, 10,000; _ 20,000 Lexington ..| 21| 210) 50,000) 105,000 Marion ....... 31; 300) 77,500) 152,000 Marlboro’.... 44) 220, 100,000) 50,000 Newberry ... 13), 35 18,000} 175,000 Oconee ........ 12 75 24,000} 100,000 Orangeburg 34; 115 57,000 17,900 Pickens ...... 12 380 =15,000 62,000 Richlana.... 12} 180 36,000 60,000 Spartanb’rg 20| 80 15,000) 75,000 Sumter........ 31; 350 150,000) 200,000 AUynION..\..... 12} 20, 28,330) 21,000 Wi’msburg. 16) 162) 166,500) 298,815 WORK i i.8s... 20 80, 20,000, 75,000 Motaleos.! 72915, 894.2, 920,87015,592,565 *Included in report with flour and grist mills, one-third of which amount has been taken as belonging to the lumber above. TURPENTINE STILIS, || the State amounting to $541,836 Marlboro’....! Ay ais oe maksiase INGNVOEM sc} sseercl oP aracee “ WeOMeOre ee thy eel ach cxpeementnelly) i nexaceaety Orangeburg 8| 340] 25, &60 115,000 PiIGKENS 3.) secs 1A Cache se | bee eco Richland ... 17, 510 122,000 340,000 Spartanbyg ...... | nse | BE oe ib reece ier. Sumter........| 10; 150 10,000 15,000 [Ohalioyctep ees) ae | sane ule en aden | Wi’msburg 26) 780 aay 000 420,000 York... Seal) Sees ec teeeaee Total ..i2..3.. 291|6,991 1,454,800 2,912,271 Summing up the twoindustries we find the following remarkable results: Number of establishments............ Number of hands............. Pa 12,885. Capital employed.......... .$4, ans) 670 Value of annual product................ $8,504,836 After making deductions for all possible over statements we have the figures above given, which show an annual product in the lumber mill and turpentine business of more than our whole cotton mill product, and equalin value to 212,620 bales of uplands of 450 pounds weight ab $40 to the bale; or, at an average of 70 cents to the bushel, equal to 12,120,000 bushels of grain. The two in- dustries were reported in 1880 in the census as follows: TAG Der SAWEG...-cscccicsecscccaes $2,031,507 1,020 Tar and turpentine.............. 2,857,981 ROR cheese scece casas ce tanstesisnes $4,889,488 There is, therefore, an increase of $4,394,- 692, or very nearly 100 per cent. in less than four years. >. MANUFACTURES IN THE STATE. it What Each County is Doing—Hands Em- ployed—Capital and Product. The following table, compiled from the county reports, exhibits the nature and extent of the principal manufactures in each county: >; Number S iof hands = : a 2 temploy’d 2: a: |° :}#—~—) §: =e COUNTIES |u| : : “Lae es AND jos) : : O95 oe 3 Inpusrries. }+ 8: al Mieg= ies O35 |o 9} Ko} Ho S i2g]/ 2/9 =5 On Esl = S os BS bese | 65 Gis Ble | 8) 4° | 88 Abbeville. CORGOR MOTUS epee een e at cesfpavehecs) aus sddeecusi~cfassavensasacte Flour & gri $s 114,800 TEOPON ANG DTI rcs bt eet aiken AEE STS ORE A Na ek Lumber mills a re 63 45,000 65,000 Tur pentine Ramee teaes Lepsehsct [lcoccenekt Sues deh eSuanee | cuateeuesn see Other man’frs; 17. 457 48 34,000 95,000 Total man’ ‘frs. | | ~70| 163 s 111$ 161,500 $ 274,800 Aiken. Cotton mills... 31,072 2% ) $1 ,000,000 $1,424,000 Flour & grist.. 12) 24 P 25, 000 50,000 LOO AGT Ud Tea tial REE PRlnNmen Ener seid (ron Deane Cab ee Sous Lumber mills; 12! 25) 7 ead 49,500 Turpentine..... Gy (300f.....32 27,000' 12,000 Other man’frs} 1) 42) 20) 90, ,000, 100, 000 Total man’frs. 34 1,463) 124 ‘Sl, 166, 240) ($1,635,500 Anderson. | | | Cotton mills... 2) 385........ $ 527,000 $ 381,000 Flour & grist... 85 90 6 68, 000 310) 000 POUR ATIOS. cel usners|intockcelinaseudtaoeteaecteawel oetorsaancuens Lumber milis 93, 232 140 = 180,300 220,000 APP OMUGUT Cals acs] dav dcse| soaps egal ven oeecececenall casey cnpeaeete Other man’frs 18 40 382 36,000 118,000 Total man’frs. 198, 747 178 $ 761,300 $1,029,000 Barnwell. | Cotton mills.;.\......} 5... eee 5 acted Meats: cictan Flour &grist.. 94 94) 948 100,000$ 150,000 Foundries...... 1 By cto. 3,000 3,000 Lumber mills 42 56 196 147,000 315,000 Turpentine..... 10 «50 250 50,000 80,750 Other MAA Mrs) Sh Sescuea) josecsasasnase|sovencepestvew Totalman’frs. 147 205 540 $ 300,000 $ 548,750 * Beaufort. Wotton mI S 14ho. sith ecMec ed wes eet avs conan sothen] soneomartenees | Flour « grist.. 3 3 63 13,0003 55,000 Foundries... ... 1 1 1 2,500 4,500 Lumber mills 5 5 122 60,000 150,000 Turpentine... 4 3 150 15.000 20,000 Other man’frs 3 1 4 1,500 4,500 Total man ‘frs., 16) 13, 2833 92,000 $ 234, 000 *Exclusive of fertilizers and phosphates, Berkeley. CORGOD Ta eed te sene| ck foaced ceo veupeeese eraeteree eee Flour & grist.. 66 71 73$ 86,5008 143,900 Foundries...... deesenc|ins sot lossteaccss | secuanene cout lateteceeraeces Lumber mills, 8 80 200, 150,000) 224,000 Tur pentine hae | 30! 60; 278 93,000 189,000 Other man’frs 3 100 53 60,000 207,000 Total man’frs 107 311 604$ 389,500$ 763,900 *Charleston. | | Cotton mills... 1 400........ $ 500,000 $ 865,000 Flour, ie, & rice.. 1 78 «294 = 528,400 1,469,500 Foundries... 17, 390) 60 410,000 490,000 Lumber Sal } building ma- teriali..S..555. 12; 41) 374) 32 5,000 800,000 Turpentine....., | 1 13500) 2,500 1 i Other man’frs, 314 2,206 2,147 2 2,065,170, 3,556,900 Total man’frs. *Exelusive of fertilizers and REOEE Ee. Chester. Cotton mills... Flour & grist. WOUNMGTICS..< ...} icc e| geace ns Lumber milts . MURPEMEIBER, feet exeses.| sever earfnce Other man’tfrs, “ag S00 Total man’frs. Chesterfield. (CO TUOTNTTIB tac peptems eas cats. csv sen. deca sauscbisantuuherenrte Flour, grist & | 363 | 3,111 2,876 3 ,825,070)$7,183,900 | rice.... 45 Found nish ane Lumber mills) 16 4 Turpentine...... 1 121,500 Other man’frs) 3) 14 5 6,000 18,500 Totalman’frs. 77) 139) 295 $ 145,200,$ 218,000 Clarendon. | | pOcaynrovelas ce WIT: Pam Beate Rel die! & a i ePeeeres (easier E Flour &grist.. 44 33 453 39,250/$ 180,600 POUDGTICS Ui... }2-2.0-)-5.ceaepereees = Sebn-Gav¥ wos cps | aaciermeaeene Lumber mills 18 7 202 161,000) 186,000 Turpentine... 16 60) 252 100,500) 114,500 Other man’f 2) 8} 8 8,200) 33500 Total man’frs., 80) 174 502'$ 303,950|$ 484,600 coy Colleton. | : | | Cotton mills... | .....: o.ssets colesenel lean ae shsans Flour & grist.. 48 45 75 3" $8,000 2, Foundries... sense | osinsb aan teealiueo gain ete eee Lumber mills 82 172 425,000 Turpentine... 24 12 314 14000 168,000 Other man’frs a0 Se Totalman’frs. 104 0 733.8 512,000 $ 618,000 Darlington. j ; Cotton mills... codovkp sfsavesadel aeREai Flour & grist.. “b8 ‘60. Foundries......, J), 20ho.8 100,000, 170,000 Lumber mills Py 50 75 50,000 120,000 Turpentine..... 12 $0) 160, 50,000 220,000 Other man’ frs}....s.}2..sd)abee eee WRISTS sms Totalman’frs, 91 440 335 § 301,000 i seas p0 Edgefield. Cotton mills... .... Ae eee eaee seeeeeew erence Flour & grist.. 40) 40" “40$ "50,000, 50,000 Foundries. .....}....s re Cottonmills.... 1 105, 1$ 125,000 $ 185,000 Flour, grist &| | } | nee | 144) 155) 171) 57,400) 89,000 Foundries... svnans | encanss|seuanretietreeteecte ces] duce pese evens Lumber mi'ls) 34, 34, 81 57,000, 179,000 Turpentine...) 8 42) 298) 25,000 115,000 Other man’frs 2| 15) 7| 7,000, 9,600 — se es | — Total man’frs.| 189} 351) 558/$ 271,400.$ 577,600 Pickens. | iF | fant Cotton mills... Flour & grist.. Foundries...... Lumber mills - Turpentine..... Other man’frs AE esata bia - Totalman’frs.| 47) 65! 55,000/$ 142,000 Spartanburg. Cotton mills... _7 1,100)........ $1,043,000 $1,200,000 Flour &grist./) 50 100......... 50,000 75,000 Foundries......) 2) 40 20,000 30,000 Lumber mills 20 50 15,000 75,000 EUG DE MILL rey | ecuncep coetanes sar seees| secu hak Ses as fapses ue Otherman’frs) 15 30 10 16,000 Totalman’frs. 94 1,320 - Sumter. Cotton mills... La? SBP eee $ 60,000$ 51,825 Flour &grist.. 73 50 115 130,000 400,000 HOU GET OS Ee os~ con Pe renced pacer teal nde nse sets oak L acts acunvemc 6 Lumber mills 31 150 200 150,000 — 200,000 Turpentine...... 10 25) 125 10,000 15,000 Other man’frs ie Total man‘irs. Union. Coptomanidis 6s oy eres |octecanacect oles Flour & grist. Foundries... *Lumb’rmi Turpentine.....|......| <<. Ha Other man’frs 5 5 5 Total man’frs. 43 41 $ 75,0008 72,000 *Operated with flour ae te Williamsburg. a | GOTO MITTS eR ah oe cy cence ecprcd a sacuaea ccsan fuer cemetan ce Flour & grist.. $ 105,400 $ Foundries.. ....)... Lumber mills Turpentine...... 26, 182 598 Other man ’frs ceaiiles fal sak aa aes a 117,000 Total man’frs. 388,900 $ SI0,015 ork. Cotton mills... 2! 189 7$ Flour & grist... 20 50.0... HOUR ES)5 sel -ae 1 sa-ax| vo Lumber mills 20 40 Turpentine. Other man’ 196,000 $ 185,000 80,000 160,000 18,000 Totalman’frs. 48 241 553 305,000$ 438,000 TOTAL MANUFACTURES. ——»>__ The Report by Counties—Gross Amount, over $32,000,000. The following table shows the condition and value of the manufacturing enterprises in each county in the State: 4 ; Lo] = lis | 3 2 s een 2 [sam | = 3 Counties. |°9! §& 5 are |BQ| o 2 og leaig! os Pais) a = aie 52\ s a Ga 27 4 6) > Abbeville........ 70 274 161,500} $ 274,800 Aiken...... 34) 1,587| 1,661,240) 1,638,500 Anderson. 198 925 761,300) 1,029,000 Barnwell... 147745 300,000 548,750 Beaufort... 16, 296 92,000 234,000 Berkeley.. 107, 842 389,500 763,900 Charleston......| 363 5,987) 3,825,070} 7,183,900 Chestev............ 16, 100 172,000 130,800 Chesterfield....| 77 145,200 218,000 Clarendon...... 80-676 303,950 484,600 Colleton ......... 104 1,062) 512,000 618,000 Darlington 91 675 304,000 660,000 Edgefield... 50 130 75,000 90,000 Fairfield......... 24 80 71,500 152,500 Georgetown.... 73° «1,519 440,000 1,104,000 Greenville...... Iss 1,731 1,338,200 2,967,025 Hampton... 62 710 163,000 720,000 Horry..... 169 1,908 607,700 814,259 Kershaw. 67 487 120,000 190,000 Lancaster. 64-210 88,000 105,000 | Laurens.. 68 113 75,000 95,000 | Lexington. 72| 950 485,000 538,000 Marion ............ 145 931 337,500 557,500 Marlboro’....... 62, 314 197,000 170,000 Newberry....... 50 = 150 76,200 239,150 Oconee:.......... 38 107 36,000 120,000 Orangeburg.... 189 909 271,400 577,000 Pickens..... A ie 80 55,000 142,000 Richland......... 71) 1,250 466,000) 1,000,800 Spartanburg... 4 1,395} 1,144,000, 1,210,000 | Sumter...... wv» 115) 708) 350,000 666,825 — Union....s00-| 43) 70) 75,000) 72,000 Williamsburg 99) 1,056 388,900) 810,015 OY tens eee 48] 296) 305,000 438,000 | Total....tas--- 3,141| 28,803! $15,793,160) $26,863,324 Fertilizers sseeseeeee® 3,346,400 MisCellameOus............-seseseeeeeereeeeeens 2,114,680 Grand total..............c-csssseseeesnes $32,324,404 The figures for previous periods indicate a growth which is as astonishing as it is grati- fying. The whole value of manufactured products in South Carolina at the periods named was as follows: USC. oo cucrowepbncswaitng cansceest canary $ 8,615,195 . 9,858,981 . 16,738,008 - 32,324,404 ee ge > eS SOUTH CAROLINA PHOSPHATES. —____>_—_ Mining the Rock—Mannufacturing Ferti- lizers. “ Desiring to interest our readers in a brief history of the phosphate industry of South | Carolina, we commence, by way of showing its importance, by stating that it pays yearly by direct taxation an amount for || royalty which is 20 per cent. of the whole in- come of the State. Claims to first discovery of the valuable ingredients of the rock have been made and discussed elsewhere. We simply mention in this connection the names of Professor F.5. Holmes, Professor Charles U. Shephard, Dr. St. Julien Ravenel and Dr. N. A. Pratt. In 1867 a party of gentlemen took some specimens of this rock to Philadelphia, where its value was confirmed, and the first company—the Charleston, So. Ca., Mining and Manufacturing Company—was formed, with Northern capital, furnished by Geo. T. Lewis and Frederick Klett, Esqs. Lands worth at that time five tosix dollars por acre went up immediately to five and six ,undred dollars, according to quality of rock, depth of strata and accessibility to points of shipment. In 1870 Professor Holmes says: “Sales have been iately made at one thous- and dollars per acre.” (From Prof. Holmes, 1870.) “The Charleston, S. C., ne and Mining Company was the pioneer in devel- oping this great and most valuable dis- covery, and was organized in 1867. f “In December, 1867, sixteen barrels of rock were collected and shipped to Philadel- phia by Prof. F. S. Holmes, for eral di: || tribution, and the first parcel of super i| poe, was manufactured by Messrs, Potts & || Klett, of that city. | “the first cargo, one hundred tons, was | shipped by the schooner Renshaw, the | 14th of April, 1868, to Baltimore, , by | John R. Dukes, Esq., president of Wando | Company, Charleston. e Charleston Min- | ing and Menufacturing Company shi to Philadelphia three undred tons, per schooner Anna Barton, on the 18th, four || days later. “Phosphate lands held at two dollars per | acre immediately went to twenty, and sales parties at | | have been lately made to other | one thousand dollars per acre.” | Although the Chi eyes belt may be said | to stretch from No Carolina to Florida, and within sixty miles of the coast, yet the practical lands are confined to a limited area, and lie chiefly around Charleston. So far it has hardly been profitable to mine beds lying more than five toseven feet under the surface. | The following are the companies mining | land rock: ; LAND MINING COMPANIES, Charleston Mining and Manufacturing Company—Works located on Ashley River. Grege’s Phosphate Mines—Works located on Asbley River. Pinckney’s Phosphate Mines—Works lo- cated on Ashley River. Rose Phosphate Mining Company—Works located on Ashley River. Pacific Guano Company—Works located on Bet Anan Phosphate Mining Com) St. Andrews Phosphate ning ny— Works located on Stono River, rij Wando Phosphate Mines—Works located on Ashley River. Bradley's Phosphate Mines—Works located on Rantowles creek. Drayton’s Phosphate Mines—Works located on Ashley River. || Bolton Phosphate Mines—Works located on Stono River. Chisolm Phosphate Mines—Works located |, on Ashley River. Fishburne’s Phosphate Mines, Middleton place—W orks located on Ashle iver. | Pon-Pon Phosphate Mines—Works located |) on Edisto River. : | Kiawah Phosphate Mines—Works located | on Cooper River. RIVER PHOSPHATES. In 1868 it was found that most of our | rivers contained phosphate rock ual to, | and in many locations superior to, the land | rock. The River and Marine Company in |, 1870 went to the Legislature for a charter | for mining, but were at once met by a de- | mand by the State for a royalty of one dollar | per ton for all rock mined in navigable _ Streams. That this figure is fully up to and perhaps beyond what should be demanded was proven by the letters of many gentle- men,as per third annual report of the com- missioner of agriculture of the State of South Carolina. For brevity we will only quote from that of | Mr. Robert Adger, dated October 23, 1882: | “I do not hesitate to say that the rate of | royalty now fixed is not only very onerous | but excessive and much larger than is usual in mining districts, and cannot be increased without affecting seriously the industry and deterring other parties from entering into the business. | “What is the actual state of the case? For ; | the privilege of mining granted to parties id re + 2 = , hk aes the State is now receiving in cash a royalty equal to fully one-sixth of the gross price re- ceived by the miners, in addition to the large amounts paid to the State, and taxes upon their plant, and deducting the ex- penses necessarily incident to the business, very nearly, if not quite, one-half of the net rofits, and this without Pavesting one dol- ar of capital or incurring the ledst hazard in the business.” After pointing out the many dangers by sea, storm and fire, he adds: “These hazards and all contingent ex- penses are borne entirely by the compa- nies. The State runs norisk. Itis a partner who shares in all the profits, but in none of the losses.” The following are the river mining compa- _ nies now at work: Coosaw Mining Company—Nominal capi- tal, $125,000; amount invested, $650,000. Works located on Coosaw River, Beaufort County. Oak Point Mines Company—Capital, $200,- 000. Works located on Wimbee Creek, Beaufort County. Marine and River Phosphate Company— Capital, $200,000. Works located on Stono River, Berkeley County. Sea Island Chemical Company—Capital, $100,000. Works located on Beaufort River, near the town of Beaufort. Farmers’ Phosphate Company—Capital, $10,000. Works on Coosaw River, Beaufort County. Palmetto Phosphate Company—Capital, $100,000. Located on Wando River, Berke: ley County. James Hume Bros. & Company—Capital, $200,000. Located on Beaufort River, near the town of Beaufort. In addition to the above there are a num- ber of individuals who are licensed by the state to mine in the navigable streams, employing an estimated capital of about $50,000 MINED AND SHIPPED. The following table shows the total amount of phosphate rock mined and shipped since the discovery of the South Carolina deposits: Tons. Tons. 20,000 210,000 ,000 200,000 60,000 190,000 90,000 265,000 100,000 330,000 115,000 355,000 135,000 165,000 2,290,000 Of this amount: River rock.. Ltt sesaene veneer OMS lero: EMINENCE icceveatacnausnugost= Holsteins, 1 Guernsey in the State, be- sides a number of Short-borns and Brahmins. In most of the counties the Jersey stock is_. preferred. In one case the Devyon'with an eighth Brahmin is mentioned as a valuable cross. In Charles- ton the Holsteins are esteemed the most | valuable as milk stock, and it is thought that this breed of cattle, as soon as it is well known, will “take the lead of all others.’ In nearly all the counties general mention is made of the presence of imported stock, though the number be not given. There is an awakened interest in the improvement of stock in all sections of the State. SHEEP.—Merinos, South Downs. Oxford Downs and Broad Tails are reported from many parts of the State. HoGs.—tThe Essex and Berkshire are most mentioned and preferred There can be little doubt that there are not over five or six counties in the State where the improvement of stock has not become an object of much practical effort and attention. Spa*tanburg and Marlboro’ stand at the head, each returning 200 head of Jerseys. Laurens, perhaps, ranks firstinsheep. beau- fort, Georgetown, Colleton and Hampton stand at the foot of the list as regards im- proved stock. They are heavy colored counties. The Efficiency and Supply of Labor. First as to efficiency: Fourteen out of the thirty-four counties of the State report the efficiency as compared with last year 100%, and as compared with five years ago 107, taking 100 as the standara. The twenty other counties give 95 as the efficiency as compared with last year, and 87 as com- pared with five years ago. As to the relation of the supply of labor to the demand: Fourteen counties, taking 100 as the standard, rate the supply in propor- tion to the present demand at 95%4; in pro- portion to the demand in 1882 at 951;, and to the demand five years ago at 9725. In the other 20 counties the supply of Jabor in pro- portion to demand in 1883 is returned at 83: in proportion to the demand in 1882 at 85, and in proportion to the demand five years ago at 95. The general result is that the supply was about one-sixth less than the demand in 1883, and was only one-twentieth less than the demand five yearsago. Labor was mach less efficient last year than it was five years ago. Improved Agricultural Implements and Steam Engines. _ The following is the number of improved implements iu use in the State: PSOE SS AS es a) ae ee NR 2,136 Reapers.......... 1,075 Sulky ploughs... 391 Guano distributor 16,135 Harrows.....:.-<..-+- 4.695 Stump puillers.. 10 Screw pulverizers.............. Other improved implements Valuing these 25,151 improved imple- iments al an average of $10 each, we find not less than a quarter of a million dollars so in- vested in South Carolina in 1883. The following is a statementof the number of steam engines used on warms and their horse-power: Number of engines..........00..2 1,603 Horse-power............. ...14,413 Estimating this power at $125 to the horse- power, we have $1,761,625 invested in steam power for farm use in the State in 1883, which, with the value of farm implements, makes about $2,000,000 expended for im- proved implements and steam power used on farms. The Labor Problem—The Condition of the Colored Farmers, &c. 1. The proportion of white to colored farm laborin the state: Seventeen of the coun- ties, consisting of Oconee, Pickens, Spartan- burg, Chesterfield, Lexington, Greenville, Anderson, Horry, Colleton, Abbeville, Ma- rion, Williamsburg, Edgefield, Darlington, Lancaster and Barnwell, containing about one-half the total population of the State, re- port the proportion of white labor at 44.1 per cent. to 54.9 colored. The other seven- teen counties return white labor at an aver- age of 14.5 per cent. white and 85.5 percent. colored. This would show for the State about 30 per cent. of white farm labor to 70 per cent. colored. 2. Wages paid: Owing to the various methods in reporting wages paid, and some times without stating whether the rate is with or without board, it is not practicable todo more than form an approximation for the State. The rate of wages can be taken as from $8 to $9 a month for males and $5 to $62 month for women, with board. 3. Extent to which women and children, white and colored, work inthe fields: About 23 per cent. of the white women and chil- dren work on the farms, and about 61 per cent. of the colored women and chiidren. . 4. The most prevalent system of labor: The systems chiefly used are the contract | system, in which services rendered are paid for by giving the laborer the use of land and house; the contract system, in which wages are paid monthly, ora portion monthly and the remainder at the end of the year; and the tenant system, in which the laborer rents the land and, from the crop, pays the landlord the rent and for the use of animals. 5. The estimated average cost of producing merchantable cotton is about 8 cents a pound for the whole State, or $40 for a bale of 500 pounds. 6. The percentage and cost involved in raising, picking and ginning cotton, the State over, is about 75 per cent. for raising, 20 per cent. for picking and 5 per cent. for ginning. 7. Furms owned and worked exclusively by whites are returned almost universally as in -ood condition, though one or two coun- ties return farmers on such farms as barely making a living. 8. Farms owned and worked exclusively by colored people are almost universally re- turned as in bad condition, though in all the counties there are a few exceptional colored farmers who are said to be successful and thriving, andin one or two counties, nota- bly in York, the colored landowner is said to be quiie successful as a rule. 9. Farms owned by white proprietors and worked with hired laboras a rule, in mostof the counties, are returned as notin as good condition as small farms owned and worked by the white farmers and their families. | There are exceptions in some of the coun- ties, however, where these plantation farms are said tobe the most successful ofall. — 10. The condition of colored farmers as land-owners is almost universally reported as much better than as tenants. As tenants the colored farmers, with only a few excep- tions, to give point to the rule, are returned | as “failures.” 11. Colored farmers in nearly every county are returned, as a rule,as not making pro- gree not saving money, and not acquiring and. 12. Immigrants: Nine-tenths of the coun- | ties ete few or no immiguants, 13. : he operations of the Stock law, the Lien law and Prohibition law: The Stock law is generally approved as a and most useful law. The Lien law is condemned as a most pernicious one by thirty out of the thirty-four counties. The Prohibition law, wherever enforced, is reported as working well and doing much good. Im only three counties is it reported as being beyond prac- tical enforcement. These counties are u- fort, Georgetown and Berkeley. Land for Sale and the Price. The county reports give the following in- formation as to the quantity of land for sale and the selling price: A Eeouion ae quantity for sale; from $5 0 $10. Aiken—All grades for sale; from $1 to $50. pple eee land for sale; from $8 to Abbeville—None specially for sale; average price, when sold, $5 to $6. Chesterfield—Light, sand tom lands for sale; $1 to $50. > ahaa cit. much for sale; from $5 to $15. Clarendon—38,000 acres for sale; fair tim- ber and plough lands, from $3 to $6. Colleton—A bout 100,000 acres, pine barren land for sale; average price $4. Richland—Little offered or held for sale; $2 to $10. York—None for sale and none sold, except and river-bot- | in closing out estates, &e. Hampton—20,000 acres of pine land for sale; average price $3. Marion—Little for sale; average price $8. Lexington—For sale in any quantity and | quality; from $4 to $40. Newvberry—A small quantity of all kinds; unimproved $10, improved Ee Oconee—Any quantity of all kinds for sale; from 50 cents to $25. Spartanburg—Large tracts, some well tim- bered, for sale; from $5. : Marlboro’—Very little for sale; average price $25. Fgirfield—None specifically for sale. Williamsburg—100,000 acres of timberand farming lands for sale; from $3 to $10. Edgetield—Large areas for sale; from $5 to $s. Dar. ington—Fair land; price from $10, best uplands from _ $40 to $50. Lancaster—Not much for sale, and only that which is of least value. ; Charleston—Little for sale; from $100 to $1. Greenville—Quantity for sale limited; land in demand at from $6 to $20; $20and $50 for choice tracts. Union—Next to none for sale at any price. Sumter—A large quantity for sale; from $5 to $20. Kershaw—Thousands of acres of clay loam aoe river-bottom land for sale; from $2 to $10. Barnwell—None specifically for sale; price f good land, $7 to $10._ . } orry—Large quantities for sale, from 75 ents to $5; good uncleared cotton lands at 1.50, ———____—__ Recapitulation. Toexhibit fully the value of agricultural, lanufacturing and mining products the fol- ywing tables have been prepared, the values yr 1870 having been reduced to the gold andard, at the rate of 120: 1860. PRE TICOLEUITG: ... sees. ccccsneceees $45,823.512 Manufactures.......... . 8,615,195 Mines and Quarries........... 17,000 $54,455,707 1870. MME UGUIDULOS ,...5..0.cc0 ccserserees $34,924,585 Manufactures....... . 8,215,918 Mines and quarries........... 16,573 $43,157,076 1880. Mericultuyre ......... $41,969,749 Mennfactures. .. 16,738,008 Mines and quarries . 1,180,805 $59,888,562 1883. POMOC ULL Qu cecederstscnesbaceiseecse $41,790,321 Manutactures............. . 32,324,404 | Mines and quarries......... 2,440,000 i $76,554.725 | FINAL RECAPITULATION. The whole value of agricultural, manufac- iring and mining products for the last 23 ears is as follows: MEARNS rt on-ccissacsvoctsesnosenssaaeee $54,455,707 . 48,157,076 . 59,888,562 76,554,725 In other words, after all the losses of the lar, and with free labor, the gross income of buth Carolina from the sources named was ) per cent, greater than it was in 1860. ee South Carolina in 1884. from The News and Courier, Charleston, S. C., February 4, 1884.) The industrial progress of South Carolina \ the last ten years has been far more rapid jan the most sanguine have supposed. intil to-day, in fact, there was no means of btermining with exactitude what had been }complished. THE NEWS AND COURIER w has the proud satisfaction of showing € public that the income of the people of e State, last year, derived from agricul- re, manufactures and mining, was half as ge again as it was in 1860, the most pros- trous year, under the old system, the ate had eyer known. The State has vered the ground that was lost py lancipation, by negro suffrage, by plitical misrule and official corruption. joa the mnrost significant circumstance that the industrial triumph now pro- | imed is mainly the result of the work of four or five vears. Since the redemption ana regeneration of the State, in 1877, the growth of manufactures has been astonishing in its rapidity and volume. Agricultural opera- tions could be carried on,: with reasonable ‘success, in even the darkest days of strife and misrule, but the undertakings which were dependent on the concentration of cap- ital for their development remained torpid, if not dead, until the return of confidence breathed into them new life and vigor. As briefly as we may, we tell the story. The manufactures in the State first demand attention as a comparatively new feature in the industrial history of the State. Begin- ning with cotton manufactures, it is seen that the value, in gold, of the product of all the cotton mills in the State was as follows 713,050 1,274,944 . 2,895,769 7,963,198 The percentage of increase was as follows SG OF Ok vonucpnenstecatmatnenaeed 78 per cent. 1870-80........ 127 per cent. DSS O0= 8S... oss.scccancssessescesnens 175 per cent. In alittle more than three years, ending January, 1884, the increase in production was a third more thanin the ten years end- ing in 1880,and the whole product in 1883 was ten times as great as the product in 1860. This is not the whole truth The actual capacity of the cotton mills in South Carolina, as they stand to-day, is at least $9,000,000. The production of the cotton mills in the State this year should be three times as great as the production in 1880. The number of looms and spindles was as follows: Looms, Spindles. 30,890 34,940 82,334 195,112 This wondrous growth is in spite of the en- hanced cost of machinery caused by the Pro- tective system. The cost of the machinery bought for cotton mills in the South, in the three years 1881-83, was increased by over $7,500,000 by the Protective duties. The capital available for cotton-spinning was diminished to that extent. Despite such drawbacks, cotton-spinning in South Caro- lina is a most important industry. The pro- ducts of the mills should be bought and sold in the State. In the midst of us is a cotton business amounting to nine or ten millions a year. Willour merchants run after strange markets and lose the trade which is at their doors? The production of lumber and naval stores has increased with exhilarating rapidity. In 1880 and in 1883 respectively the value of the products was: 1880. 1883. DATO U cok cekkey coun tewaeh $2,031,507 $5,592,565 Naval Stores............ 2,857,981 2,912,271 TOPOS iss Fiiranrnt $4,889,488 $8,504,836 | The increase in the value of the productin three years is 74 per cent. In value, the lumber and naval stores business exceeds by halfa million dollars the value of the pro- | The lum- ducts of the cotton mills last year. ber and naval stores last year equalled in value 212,620 bales of cotton at $40 to the ) bale. There is another branch of manufactures which is yet in its teens, but is of great im- portance—the manufacture of commercial fertilizers. Last year the value of the com- mercial fertilizers manufactured in this State was $3,346,400. All the factories are in or around Charleston, or in Beau- fort County. It should be noted that the South Carolina fertilizers are made from the South Carolina phosphate rock. Taking the classification of manufactures which is followed in the United States Cen- sus, and reducing the value of the products in 1870 to a gold basis, we obtain the follow- ing results, being the whole value of all man- ufactured products in South Carolina: nS 1 26 EE erm se Me 5 | $ 8,615,195 Se Re 8,215,198 . 16,738,008 32,324,404 of the inerease is roughly The extent shown in the subjoined diagrams which give the proportionate bulk of the manufactured products at the periods named: a © 1880. ee 2 During the worst period of African and Carpet-bag dominion the manufactures di- | minished inamount, but they doubled in amount in the ten years following, and dou- bled again in the three following years when honest government was firmly established. Where is there another State in the Union | which, under similar cireumstances and with so many discouragements, can display such progress as this? The white minority in this State, who supply the brains and cap- ital in manufactures, as in agriculture, have cause indeed to be proud of their achieve- ments! Although the valueof the products of the mines and quarries (exclusive of phosphate rock) is not large, it exhibits a gratifying growth. Last year, including phosphate rock, the whole value of the products of the mives and quarries was $2,440,000, against such a bagatelle as $17,000 in 1860 and $16,573 in 1870. The discovery of the phos- phate deposits has been a boon, indeed, to South Carolina. The phosphate tax forms one-fifth of the whole revenue of the State. | Since 1868-70, 2,290,000 tons of rock have been mined. The value at $6 a ton was $13,740,000. The profit on the phosphate rock was,at least, $3,435,000. Several thous- and hands are constantly employed in min- ing and preparing the rock. The rock still available is estimated to amount to from 8,000,090 to 10,000,060 tons. The progress of the State in agriculture has been satisfactory, as is proved by the follow- ing statement of the production of cotton, corn and small grain: 1860. 1870. 1883. Cotton, bales..353,412 224,500 468,227 Corn, bush.15,635,606 7,614,207 10,876,744 Oats, bush...... 906,924 613,593 4,187,082 Wheat,bush.1,285,631 782,610 1,383,731 The year 1883 was most unfavorable, the crop of cotton, as compared with 1882, be- ing reduced 32 per cent. by drought, rust | and worms, while corn was reduced 43 per cent., oats 8 per cent. and wheat 2 per cent. In spite of this, the cotton crop in 1883 was 114,815 bales more than in 1860. This year the estimated crop, as compared with 1860, will be as follows: ¢ 1860. 1884. Cotton, bales............ 853,412 700,000 | Corn, bushels.. .15,635,606 19,210,000 Oats, bushels.... . 906,924 7,437,215 Wheat, bushels.......... 1,285,631 1,803,924 This isa fair estimate of what may be ex- pected, if the season be favorable, and if the estimate be reduced considerably there is still an enormous improvementin the agri- cultural situation as compared with 1860. The increase in oats, a distinctively white man’s crop, is worthy of special notice. Moreover, the advance in agriculture is due to the labors of the white people of the State. The county reports are clear and unmistaka- ble on this point. Colored labor was less efficient last year,than it was five years ago, and the available supply is constantly less than the demand. In the counties where the negroes are most numerous the efficiency of colored labor is greater than it was five years | ago, while a decline in efficiency is reported in the white counties. The explanation probably is that the demoralization of col- ored labor, under negro rule, r¢@ached the ex- treme pointin the counties where the ne- groes are most numerous. In such counties the good effects of improved government would necessarily be more marked than in counties where the demovralization had not been so great. The colored farmers, as a rule, are not making progress, not saving money and not acquiring land. They succeed better asland-owners than as tenants, and,as a body, are valuable as laborers only so far as they are directed and controlled by white men, The number of immigrants in this State is insignificant. Jt is the native white farmers who have lifted South Carolina agriculture out of the slough and who make it progressive and profitable. Mark thisstatement. In seventeen counties, containing about one-half of the total population of the State, the white farm labor is to the negro labor as 44.1 to 54.9. Four-tenths of the workers on the farms are white men. In the State,asa whole, three- tenths of the agriculturists are whites. Side by side with this pregnant circumstance put the statement that there are over twenty-five thousand improved agricultural implements inthe State, and that, excepting in five or Six counties, attention and effort are di- rected to the improvement of cattle, sheep and hogs. Soare the advancement and de- velopment in agriculture accounted forand explained. It now remains to show the income of the people of the State from agriculture, manu- | factures and mining at different periods : 1860. Agriculture... ... 45,823,512 Manufactures 8,615,195 Mines and quarrie 17,000 $54,455,707 1870. Agriculture.....................-..P04,924,585 Manufactures........ Mskscataeci x 8,215,918 Mines and quarries 16,573 $43,157,076 1880. PANT WING! wiayre ves sor nenenciesitens $41,969,749 Manufactures..........0:0. 16,738,008 Mines and quarries........... 1,180,805 $59,888,562 1883. AST CULL 2 .ccccceceseerenesnsss $41,790,321 Man Ufactures......iorececsseete= 32,324,404 Mines and quarries........... 2,440,000 $76,554,725 Such are the concrete results of toil, sacri fice and perseverance. Despite the terrible losses of sixteen years of war and negro rule, South Carolina, last year, derived from agriculture, manufactures and mining lwen- ty-two million dollars more than in 1860. During a little more than three years of established white rule, including one terribly bad farming season, the income of the people increased seventeen million dollars, which is more than the whole increase in income from 1870 to 1880. We have now summarized the salient points of the report on the condition of the State, which is published, in full, in THE NEWS AND COURIER to-day. It was vastly more difficult than we had anticipated to obtain a complete and trustworthy report, but THE NEWS AND COURIER is abundantiy rewarded in being 1n position to demonstrate to the whole country the glorious truth that South Carolina is striding forward in every department of industry, and that Democratic rule has conferred upon the people the solid benefits which were predicted and promised. In the report for Edgefield County, it is stated t McLenna, at Batesburg, is not now in operation. This forms us that the Quarry bas been operated continuou