Bato Sere Steet ese eee ioe DUKE UNIVERSITY DIVINITY SCHOOL LIBRARY THE TRUE REASONS ON WHICH THE ELECTION OF A HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN HARVARD COLLEGE, em WAS OPPOSED AT THE BOARD OF OVERSEERS; ia 2 » " re Fes. 14, 1805. at 3 » Pi. Br JEDIDIAH MORSE, p.p. fi MEMBER GF THE BOARD OF OVERSEERS.: week: Cd eel a CHARLESTOWN: © PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, ‘4 4 1805. e trAxne LIOR A THE following publication, for which some may think an apology necessary, is made with a view to correct certain misrep- resentations, which have gone abroad relative to the late election of a Professor of Divinity ; to communicate some material infor- mation concerning the true design of the pious Mr. Hottis, in establishing this Professorship, which the writer was not permit- ted to lay before the board of Overseers when the a election was under consideration ; and to acquaint the citizens of the Commonwealth, who have an interest in this ancient and respectable seat of science, and a claim to its privileges, with the real grounds of the existing controversy. 4° TRUE REASONS: & ———— HarvarD College was founded in 1638. Of the religious principles and character of its founders there ‘can be no doubt, since they were the same men, who in 1648, subscribed the Westminster Confession of Faith, as containing, in their view, the true doctrines of the gospel. The important and pious design of this Institution, which for more than a century appears to have been re- ligiously regarded, and ought ever to be kept in view, is concisely and happily expressed in the motto of the Col- lege seal, “ CurisTo ET Eccresr®.”—For CuRist and the CuurcH- <¢ Jn unison herewith the first law in the college code respecting the students, enacted by the Overseers in 1642, is this, ‘* Every one shall consider the main end of his life and studies, to know Gop and Jz- sus CHRIST, which is eternal life.’* The other laws and regulations of the College breathe the same christian spirit. This seminary was founded by the fathers of New En- gland, for the benefit of their ‘© posterity, dreading an il- Jiterate ministry,” when the learned and pious pastors they then enjoyed should sleep in the dust.t *® professor Pearson’s Lecture occasioned by the death of President Willard, p. 15- Note. + New Englard’s First Fruits. 7 490624 4 re That such was the design of this Institution, is con- firmed by the following extract from an Address of the Corporation to the king, Feb, 5, 1723, about the time the Divinity Professorship wags founded. “Our &. thers,” say they, ‘‘ were-some of the old Puritans. Re. ligion was their chief care, and in order to that, learning ; that they began a college ; and that from it our mar churches have been supplied with pastors ; that the prin. ciples of religion are bere taught and instilled into our youth, and our many churches are at this day famous cessive Presidents and Professors of Divinity, with your meaning, I desire you to explain to me more large. ly that matter, and to tell me how much will be called an honourable stipend. : ; * The information which follows, the Writer wished for substance to have introduced before the Board of Overseers, believing it in point, and very important, but was denied, because he had Only extracts to exhibit, and not the originals, This furnishes a princi- Pal reason for this publication, +e 5 teas “‘ I farther intreat you, Sirs, to cease your praises to me, I am weary of the thanks ; itis over doing; I fear it should hurt the instrument, and swell the pride of a naughty heart. Who am I? Christ is my all, Little, very little, I can do for his name’s sake, who has died for meand given me good hope through grace, and by his Providence put it in my Power, and inclined my heart to this way among others, of expressing my gratitude for his name’s sake ; to him be the glory ofall.” In a letter to Dr. Coleman, of Jan. 17, 1721, he gives the following instructive ‘and unaffected account of the religiousiexerciscs of his mind, which shew him to have been a christian of like excellent spirit, with the founders ofthe college. << Perhaps if I add some lines, you will not be displeased, and I would write for the glory of God, ascribing what I am to rich, free, and sovereign, electing fove, manifesting forth his favour to me in time, by his word and ordinances. “I was born, A. D. 165 9, my father and mother then members of the same Church, (Pinner’s Hall) Mr. Simpson and Mr. Cradock beingpastors. By them I had a religious education, and was trained up in the know]. sdge of the scriptures and catechism ; and had many ear- y impressions of sin and duty in my youth, divers of vhich lie minuted by me, for occasional reviews, to. his day ; and for my humbling to find the effects of cor- upt nature, so early budding, notwithstanding the bri- le and restraint I was under. About 1669, I had the mall pox in a.severe manner, and fiad I_ made prom- es of after care and amendment, if I recovered. ut about 1670, I grew weary of private devotion, till y an unusual providence I was awakened to it again, friendly advised, by a servant maid, to write down 1 keep minutes by me of passages relating to my soul, : 490G6R4 6 which might be of use in after trials and temptations to review. sit i" | 30 « About 1671, I had fresh convietions of sin, and fears of hell, awakened in me under Mr. A. Palmer’s minis- try ; especially while he preached from the 10 Matt. 28. which I often reccollect ; and some time after from 36 Ezck. 26, 27th verses, made me pray fora thorough conversion to God. are “«‘ About 1672, I was sent to France, but by bad weather our ship was leaky, returned to the Downs, and she was sunk under Dover castle. Icame ashore first in the boat, and returned to London with many. pious resolutions in my mind. «‘ About 1673, I was sent to Sheffield in Yorkshire, on my father’s business in trade; where I gained more knowledge in religion under old Mr. Durant’s preaching, and reading one of Mr. Polhill’s books, treating of re- demption, and the work of conversion. About 1674, I went to France, and lived sna sober family at Rouen. Being returned toLondon, and reading the scriptures, My father being a baptist in profession, I saw it to be my du. ty to own and profess the christian religion, and from the command, 28 Matt. 19. to be baptised, and had lately received the encouraging hopes from 11 Matt. 28, an A afterwards, from 6 John 37, a choice text, and 5: Tsaiah Ist. d f «© About 1676, I made public confession of my fait and hope, and submitted to baptism ; desiring to evident in my life the things, signified thereby. After this, m father sent me on business where I travelled far ov in France; being returned to London about 1677, Is myself to review what evidences I had of a convert state, and a christian’s duty, was to go forward inthe wa of religion, and to show my love to Christ by keeping! | | iY t 7 x ¢ ¢ommands, and I found church communion, and the Lord’s Supper positive institutions ; in obedience to which; I addressed to Mr. Palmer, the pastor of the church, who encouraged me to offer myself to the. church for examination of my right to it, which I did, and was accepted by them, admitted a member, written in their book. Oh may I be found written in the Lamb’s book of life, and approved by him, as Judge in the great day! Sometime after, Mr. Palmer died. and Mr. Now- el was chosen pastor. There was then a numerous ‘society, many knowing, praying men and women a- mong us, almost all which now sleep in Jesus. I think we are but three alive, and I am the youngest, and have reason to mourn for my little proficiency in grace and knowledge. - About 1700, I was chosen deacon of the church and accepted, and I have exercised a conscience therein, as to God, in the care of all the tables ; but I see many defects in my best services, and flee tothe covenant mer- cies of God in Christ. When I look back, and takea narrow view of my ways, that text is some refreshing to me, 1 Cor. 6. 11. with 3 Titus 3, &c. “© About 1707, Mr. Jer. Hunt was chosen pastor, and by the grace of God we continue our church state, and meet in the same place; through good report, and evil surmises. Our numbers have been small some years, but we have walked in love, till lately, some few have been made uneasy, by a hot zeal without knowledge. Yet [hope shortly the innocence of the upright shall be manifested, and the slanderers be ashamed. We have need to pray for truth and peace with love : I desire your prayers, that I may be kept honest, and found faithful, and enduré to the end, which is now nearer than when I first’ believed, bearing in heart and memory Jude’s ex- 8 hortation v. 20, 21, and joining in thé same faith ms doxology with bigs v. 24, 25. ** Having withdrawn myself in a good degree Gist ' trade, I have now liberty for reading and some services of goodness and charity ; but do not find it easy, some times, to improve my time as I would to good purpose. I desire to have a regard to watch my thoughts; but oh, how unstable ! I have with comfort lately perused Mr. Howe’s book, called ‘‘ Blessedness of the Righteous ;” and long to have such thoughts more abiding. Imake the Bible the rule of my life and practice, and ground of my future hopes, though Iam very imperfect in works, and weak in faith. “ T have been a trader and merchant about forty years, and used diligence in my calling, without neglecting my family worship ; and my God, whom I serve, has mer- cifully succeeded my endeavours, and with my incréase inclined my heart to a proportionable distribution. I have credited the promise, be hat giveth to the poor lend- eth to the Lord ; \ have found it verified in this life, and that 32 Isaiah 8. Glory be to his name. I have, through God’s goodness, remaining for myself and fam- ily, [sufficient] to pay my just debts and to give to the needy, that asketh ; and to meditate prudently some larg- esses overand above, as you will find if the Lord succeed. ** And now what shall I render to the Lord for all these benefits ? Glory be to hisname. Oh give thanks with me. I think not hereby to be justified. My rejoicing is in Fesus Christ my GOD and Saviour. My hope is to’be accepted in the beloved, and to be acquitted and justified before God the Father, only on account of the obedience, active and passive, of the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world. He is the propitiation for our sins, and through faith in him I hope for peace with God, the 9 — . continued influences of his Spirit, and complete redemp- a "Glory be to God in the highest, while we adore the my of the DIVINE THREE inthe ocean works of ae Salvation. ; Amen.’’. a Leti it be remémbered, that Mr. Hollis ion speaks of “ corruptnature?? as thé root of sin ;*that he ascribes the graces, which constitute his christian.character, ** to rich, frec, and sovereign, electing, love ;”” That his hope Of justification and acceptance before God | rested not, in any degree, on hiscnumerous and useful’ charitiés, Gn which few’men have ever exceeded: him,) but “ only om the obedience, active and passive, of the Lamd of God, the propitiation for our sins,’? through faith inwhom he expected ‘‘ peace with God, the continued enfluences St bis Spirit, and complete redemption ;”? and Jastlj;, that he “‘ adores the economy of the DIVINE THREE, in the ‘evened works of our Salvation.» After this, it is pre- sumed, no one will be disposed to deny that Mr. Hollis avas a professed believer in the leading articles of that faith, which is commonly denominated! Calvinistic. If further evidenee be required, however, it may be found in the following note, to a Poem, written immedi- ately after his death. ‘‘ I am informed,” says the author, “ ~ al the seyeral parts of Theology, by reading a system -of " positive, and a course of controversial Divinity, beginning always witha short prayer.” IV. ‘‘ That the Professor read publickly once 4 week upon Divinity, either positive, controversial, or casuistical ; and.as often upon Church History, critical Exposition of Scripture, or Jewish Antiquities, as the Corporation with the approbation of the Overseers:shall judge fit, always terms of vacation excepted.”’ V. “ That the Professor set apart two or three hours one afternoon in the week to answer such questions of the students, who shall apply to him, as refer to the sys- tem, or controversies of religion, or cases of conscience, or the seeming contradictions in scripture.”’ We learn with what care and precision these stat- utes were formed, from Mr. Hollis’ letter to Dr. Cole- man, Aug. 8, 1721, in which he says, ‘« In reference to your scheme. for the Professor’s work, on due considera- tion, I think it requires some amendments. I give thanks to Mr. Wadsworth for his paper ; and to Mr. President and you for yours ; it is a foundation to work upon, and I have consulted several worthy pastors of churcheshere, who have studied abroad, as at Edinburgh, Utrecht, Leyden, and are acquainted with the Professors of Divinity works there. I have desired them to make some little alterations in your scheme, and some re marks, as their reason.fer so doing, which, when finished, I shall send to you for your more mature consideration, believ- ing you and they have nothing in view herein but further- ’ ing the glory of God.” And here naturally comes up to view the main point in the controversy, viz. what did Mr. Hollis mean by the phrase in the 11th article— ¢ of sound or orthodox princi- ples 2”? Did he, or did he not, mean that he should be of ——-, = 12 or the “principles commonly.’ denominated” Calvinistic ? These. words were not used -by- the founder without meaning. They were carefully examined, not only by Mr. Hollis himself, but bya number of the most learned divinés, who had been educated ‘at the first universities in Europe, and who-must have perfectly understood the meaning of these terms. | They evidently imply, that in the view of thé founder, some sects of christians were sound or orthodds<, and that others were unsound or hetero- dox. ‘The'latter he meant to exclude from his Professor- ship. Will it be pretended that all sects of. christians are orthodox ;’ i. e. ‘f sound in opinion and. doctrine 2? It is believed no one will avow this sentiment. Some: then must be ‘heterodox.’ But who are they ? Not'Cal- vinists, for they are universally distinguished, nay, some- times reproached, by the term orthodox. To no other sect of christians has the term ever been applied. In all ecclesiastical history, the doctrines which Calvinists hold, as the truth of scripture, and which, for substanee, are comprised in the articles of the Church of England, and the Assembly’s Shorter Catechism, in which Mr. Hol- lis was educated, have been denominated the orthodox faith, in distinction from the doctrines! of Arminius, Arius, and Socinus, and their followers,’ The term has never been applied to the faith of any of these’ sects of christians. ©) 0- S19) DERN 28202 But if a doubt remain in the mind ofany person, as to the meaning of' these terms in the article before us, it must-vanish: when it is recollected what wasthe religious faith of the man who used them. Every man has a right to explain his own language + and certainly it would be very absurd to suppose that Mr. Hollis, by “sound or orthodox principles,” ineant Arminian, Arian, or Socin-. jan principles, which are all essentially different from his, 138 own.’ The principles of these sects are the principles, beyond all reasonable doubt, which he meant to exclude from hisProfessorship. = ~ And'this is made as certain as the nature of the case will admit, from the character and principles of his first Professor, who was a man after his own heart ; of whom he thus speaks in a letter to Dr. Coleman. ‘‘I am | mightily pleased with the character you give of the gen- tleman you have proposed to be my first Professor.” After his-election, and‘an intimate correspondence for about ten years,* and a knowledge of the manner in which he executed the duties of his office, Mr. Hollis continued his high approbation. ‘The choice of his first Professor was conducted in the following manner, which evinces that the religious principles of the candidate were a matter of primary concern with the electors, and that they were careful to adhere to the statutes of the founder. ** Ata meeting of the Corporation, 23 Jan. 1722, the Corporation having discoursed among themselves about choosing a Professor of Divinity on Mr. Hollis’ founda. tion, and having formerly had their thoughts on Mr. Wig- glesworth for that service, they sent for him, and having discoursed him in general, and put such questions to him in particular, as by his answers gave them satisfaction about the soundness and orthodoxy of his principles in Di- vinity, they did eleet the said Mr. E. Wigglesworth to be Professor of Divinity on Mr. Hollis’ foundation. ”’+ In this Professor then, we have the best possible evi- dence, what religious principles were required by the * That is, till the death of Mr. Hollis. + The Jate Professor Wigglesworth, the son and successor of the first Professor was elected to office, July 22, 1765 It appears that he also was sent for by the corporation, and in- quiry made concerning his principles in divinity, whether they were orthodox, ac- sording to the doctrines of the churches of Christ with us, to which he gave ful/ and satis. factory answers.’? i4 cite founder, and sought by. the electors, and . of course, the ‘best exposition of the true meaning: ‘of sound: and ortho: dox, as used in the statutes. Dr. Wigglesworth was a sound and.otbodox man, in the opinion of the founder and of the electors. What then were Dr. Wiggles- worth’s religious principles ? Qn this point we are not left in uncertainty. ‘We have full evidence that he was a Calvinist. In his private lectures to the students, he * explained the Westminster Confession of Faith.* But I shall not be disputed on. the point of Dr. Wis., glesworth’s Calvinism. ; Such then, in fact, was the Professor of Mr, Hollis’ choice. And who has a right to say he would have ap- proved ofa man for that important office of very. different religious principles? for example of an Arminian or an Arian? To say this would imply, that Mr. Hollis had but little regard for, or confidence in his own principles, which it appears by his letters was very far from being, the case. The following documents manifest the elinanisle ia . Mr. Hollis, lest his bequests to the College, those partic ularly for the support of a Divinity Professor, should be perverted to other purposes than were intended by him, and shew what means he adopted to guard against. sucht perversion. Ina letter to Dr. Coleman, of Jan. 14, 1723, -he says | ** Twas displeased to hear that another person at your, Board, should say to this effect, on reading my orders, that when Mr. Hollis was dead, they could make newor- ders for him.” It seems by this, that the disposition to disregard Mr. Hollis’ orders was not peculiar to the pres- ent time- It is presumed, were the founder now v living, | * See Prof. Wigglesworth Lect, on the iene a Adar’ 8 figpt sin. Boston 1738. Preface. a oi wea 15 he would hot be less ee at iat construction, some are disposed to put on his ‘‘ orders,’ than he was at the suggestion, that zeiv ones might be made Lor. bim per his: decease, . -Th the same jester he adds. ‘* F wait to see your, Corporation’s obligation, and how you shall continue to act.??” ‘Ina letter/of the 18th of March following, he re- news the subject of thé bond and says, that it is the u- nanimous advice of Goy. Shute,.Lords Barrington and Bendish, Mr. Nealand Mr. Hunt, that I should zvszst on it to have such an obligation, as strong as-may be accord- ing to your promise in former letters. I should have, that in all times coming the Corporation will perform my Trust in the manner appointed in my Orders, and not divert the monies devoted, to-any other uses; and in case of de- fault hereof to my mind, that then, by the power I have reserved to myself, I may devise it-over to——for other uses ‘discoursed of,=<—which, if you ask your governor at His return, he will tell you. more largely.”” ' “J am-of opinion, when you have received the letters. sent you, as- abovementioned, your Corporation. will eome into it tosend me an obligation, as desired, with- Out Waiting for a'copy of a draft from me. IfIdo not think it full enough, I may alter it, and return it ; and-it will not be prudent for you to: delay it.’* This bond was accordingly given by the Corporation, to Mr. Hollis, and bears.date A. D. 1725. Sept. 23, "Fhe following 1s an extract fronrit.. ‘** Whereas.it has pleased Almighty God to inspire Mr. Thomas Hollis, merchant in London, with most pious and generous designs for the honor of our great and glorious Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and for the good of mankind, &c. * And, whereas the said: Mr. Thomas Hollis .is:mind- 16 eee ed and desirous, for his better satisfaction, to have some Act or Instrument obligatory, binding the said President and Fellows of Harvard College and their Successors, unto the faithful discharge of the Trust reposed in them, and to the dnviolable dbseethece of the Statutes: os Or- ders aforesaid ; r wil Hopagt COMBI? ‘* Now Know ye; that thie aia B: Watkiworth Presi- dent, B. Coleman, H. Flynt, E: Wigglesworth, N. Ap- pleton, and E. Hutchinson, Fellows of Harvard College aforesaid, being like minded .and desirous to giveto the said Mr. T. Hollis all sazisfaction and assurance of their faithful discharge of the trust reposed in them, and their inviolable observance as: much, as in, them lies, of the S atutes and Orders aforesaid, do profess, testify,and:de- clare, that as they are holden.and strictly obliged:by the College charter to observe religiously the will of the Do- nors and Benefactors to the said,College in all) disposals of their donations, so by these Presents the:said Presi- dent and Fellows do firmly bind and oblige themselves and their Successors in the same offices and ‘trust, in‘all time coming, to manage, order, and dispose all the mon- ies, that have been'sent over by the said Mr. T. Hollis and received by ‘the college treasurer (wiz. £. 3670.13: 0.2.) or that shall hereafter be sent over and received; and apply the Income thereof conformably to the Statutes and Orders aforesaid; and in all things and at all times shall and will faithfully perform the trust reposed in them, the said President and Fellows of Harvard Cole and their Successors, &c.?’* In 1726, Oct. 10th. Mr. Hollis again writes Dr. Cole. man thus, ‘‘ I desire you, Sir, to give mea particular ac- count of my Professorof Divinity, how he performs a- . * The penalty of this bond) is a forfeiture of the find to the Heirs of Mx. Hollis. 17 Be greeably to my written Orders, and wherein he is want- ing in. complying with them.” - The Articles, which prescribe the duty of the Divini- ty Professor, have been-recited. One part of his duty is to read ‘‘ a system of positive divinity,” which com- prehends “‘ an entire scheme of all the tenets whicha christian is bound to believe and profess. The truth of these the Divine must. clearly perceive, ard be able to enforce upon his audience.”’* He is also to give a course of lectures on controversial Divinity, and on suit-. able occasions to treat of {* Casuistic Theolozy, or the science which decides on doubtful cases of moral ‘Uheo!- ogy, and that calms the scruples of conscience, which arise in the christian’s sou] during his journey through the present world.’ It was the intention of Mr. Hollis, expressed in his or- ders, that his Professor should instruct the students of the College in all these branches of Theology, and’ he was solicitous to know of Dr. Coleman, whether his or- ders were duly regarded. From the preface of the Pro- fessor’s Lecture ‘before alluded to, it appears that they were obeyed, that he did lecture on positive as well as controversial Theology ; and that on controverted points, he never failed at the close, to give his own sentiments. These things are mentioned to combat an opinion now avowed, and becoming too fashionable among us, that the Professor of Divinity should not disclose his own * Encyclopedia Art. Theology. + ibid. + Theclosing paragraph of the prefacejust mentioned, evinces the piety of this worthy Professor, and the deepsense he had of the weight of his office. ‘1 shall add no more, but my earnest request for the Reader’s prayers, that God would graciously lead me from time to time into aclear apprehension of Divine Truths ; that he would enable me to represent them to thesatisfaction and establishment of those, who will probably hereafter be the dis- pensers ofthem to this people through the land; andthat he would strengthen me to bear the great application, which my own insufficiency, and the importance of the daties of the trustreposed in me, call for.” € 1s ee tee particular religious sentiments to the students, but. only place fairly before them all the tenets of the different sects of christians, with their respective arguments, ‘and leave each student to form his own'creed. It is of course pleaded, that itis of little importance whatare the religi- ous opinions of the Professor, “‘ whether he be a Cal. vinist, Arian, Socinian or Latitudinarian, provided he be a learned, pious, moral man ; capable of diffusing instruc- tion, and anxious to discharge his duty with fidelity.”* ° On this plan, a learned Unbelever in the christian rev. elation, would make the most unexceptionable Divinity Professor in a college, as being most free from prejudies in favor of any of the different schemes of christianity: And next to him one of those christians, ‘* who have no preference of one style of divinity to another.” But what: ever be the best plan of conducting theological instruc- tion ina college of young men, this is certain, that Mr. Hollis never intended his Professor should instruct his pupils in the manner now described. His orders enjoin a very different mode. 4 . _~ In perfect comcidence with Mr. Hollis’ design in founding his Divinity Professorship, and with his view of the duties of his Professor, Danret HENCHMAN; Esq. of Boston, as late as 1747, left a legacy toaid in the support of the Hollis Professor of Divinity in Harvard college, expressly on the following condition, **s0 long as the person in that office shall be a member in full eom- munion with some Congregational or _ Presbyterian church, and shall profess and teach the principles of the christian religion, according tothe well known confession of faith, drawn up by the synod of the churches in New England. But if at any time hereafter the person who shall be in the office of Hollisian Professor shall nok G7. t See Centinel, Jan: 16, 1805; Piece signed CONSTANT READER. ; ai 19 fess and’ teach according to: the “aforesaid ‘confession of faith, then the annual interest aforesaid, shall be given, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, to some deserving student of the said college, whose parents are not able tobe at the charge’of ‘his public —’ucation ; and who shall also be approved of by the pastors of the Old South church in Boston for the time being.”’ Such, as have now been stated, are facts relative to the foundation of this Professorship; and such the qualifica- tions and principles required by Mr. Hoilis in his Profes- sor, anid ‘sought and found by former electors. Things being so, when called upon at the Board of Overseers to concur with the Corporation in their choice of a Hollis Professor of Divinity, it was conceived proper and ne- cessary to inquire,* Does the candidate possess the qualifications required by the founder ? Is he of sound or orthodox principles ? Did the electors, previous to their choice, examine the candidate, as was done in the case of the two first Professors, as to his orthodoxy ? These questions were accordingly asked, but no. satisfacto- ry answers.were given. It, was observed that the can- ‘didaté had not been examined by the Corporation, and the propriety of such a procedure was doubted. ‘The right to examine, indeed, was denied. The particular religious principles of the candidate, though often asked for, were not disclosed, and are, it is believed, still un- known toa great part of the members of the Board, ex: cept so faras they may be inferred from the silence of his .* The discussion before the Board was opened by the Hon: Mr. Titgomb of the Senate, who afrer some preliminary observations moved, that the following Papers be read. 1. ‘¢ The Charter of Harvard College. 2. ‘The terms or.conditions on which the grant to the college was made by Mr. Hollis for the support of a Professor of Divinity. : 3. Allthe doings of the College, to comply with the request of the Donor, which relate to the Professor of Divinity !’? Fhe Charter, Statutes, Bond of the Corporaticn, and the “ Declaration to be made by the Professor were then read,” 2 friends, from negative evidence; and from his catechism) It was particularly asked by one of the honourable’ mem: bers of the Senate; whether the candidate was a’ believer in that important doctrine, the divinity of the Lord Jesus ~ Christ ? The reply coriveyed no precise or satisfactory an- — swer on that point. While thus ignorant of the ‘f princi- ples” of the candidate, how could the board determine whether or not they were ‘‘.sound or orthodox,” whatever be the meaning of these terms? From the catechism pub- lished by the Candidate,* it was inferred, that he was not a Calvinist; that his sentiments on important’ points, such as the depravity of human nature, the impotency of man, the character of Jesus Christ, and the future state of the wicked,were widely different from! those of Dr, Watts, whose catechism he professedly followed, as his **model,?? in compiling his own,'so/ closely, indeed, ag in general to adopt the same questions and answers.f) f The name of the Rev. Dr. Shute is also prefixed to this Catechism. oa 7 + ™ + The following specimen will shew the reader the difference between Dr. ‘atts? and Mr. Weare’s Catechisms, on some important and distinguishing doctrinal poi ‘ Dr. WATTS’s Catechism, 2d Part. Mr. WEARE’S Catechism, 2d Part. _ 33 Q. Whence comes it ‘to pass that you Q- 43. Whence came it to ota «thee yon have been such a’sinner? have been such a sinner ? and foolish A. 1 was born into the world with inclina- A. I became so by an un, fions to that which is evil’; and \ have too | indulgence of my irregul appetites and pas- much indulged hese inclinations ete Aga sions, in opposition ,to the law pe Be in my heart, and to the plain dictates ri) the he: 4 a get 34 Q How came you to be born with such : een a ai an inciination to evil? A. All mankind are born in sin, because Omitted. a they come ftom Adami, the ‘fitst man who sinned against God... Ar Q Is not Jesus Christ God as well as man? ee Though he be a man, vet he is God al- so; for he is a glorious person, in whom God and man are joined a and hls name is Immanuel, or God with us. Part 3d. Q. 4. How could Christ 3. Q. How could Christobtain pardon and 1 for us, by his doing or suffering? Facer, “aud life ‘for us, by his doing and A. Our sins had deserved oe spine Christ wasithe Son of God,,and perfectly righteous and God appointed him to suffer death, to Cather, who was pleased Omitted. to accept the obe~ dience of Christ unto death, as a oes open A. By the gracious appointmgnt of the take away our sins, and to pias us into his favour. 50 Q. Is not your heart itself sinful, and of his righteous government in don to penitent sinnerss and raising — en toa DART pire ‘ ae f Bl j PR ioctl ; . Other observations were made, ‘particularly on a dis> course of the candidate lately published, tending to shew that he did not possess those “* sound or orthodox princig ples’? in divinity, which in’ the view of the minority, the founder, in his statutes, ‘explicitly required. On this point wholly, was rested the opposition to the candidate,’ $0 far as respected him personally. His character as a man, a scholar, and a citizen, was treated with the ut- most respect. * en 4avaiweul al It is proper in this place to notice a misrepresentation, which has gone abroad, in respect to the views of the mi- nority, in opposing the élection of Mr. Weare. A wri- ter in the Anthology of February, before alludedto, would, have it understood, that the ‘election of this gentleman to the Professorship, was opposed merely because he was not a Calvinist, and that this conduct is ‘f uncandid and intolerant.” This is a heavy charge, and that I. have have you power of yourself torepent of sin, and to trust in Christ, and obey him?’ A. Wehave sinful hearts, and cannot do Omitted. these duties of ourselves ; but God has prom- i ae ised his own holy spirit if we abe el it, to renew ourhearts to holiness,-and help us to f, do his will. > 54 Q. What is Baptism? Q. 17, What is Baptism? ‘A. Ieisa washing with Water inthe name [ A. Itis asolemn washing with water a5 & of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. | Sign, or distinguished mark of our belonging : : : : to the visible church of Christ, who has en- joined a compliance with this rite, upon who believe his gospel, and hope for ‘Salva- tien through him. There appears to be nothing in Mr. Weare’s catechism, which an Arminian, Arian, or 2 Universalist on Dr. Chauncey’s scheme, would riot readily subscribe. * The writer takes the opportunity here to disavow all personal views and feelings in opposing the election of Mr. Weare, for whom he entertains very sincere respect. He deeply regrets the necessity laid upon him ashe conceived, to act the part he has acted in this important affair. He is conscious, that he has not been influenced by any sinister mc- tive; but from a sense of duty. The injudicious publications in the Newspapers, in favor of the election of Mr. Weare, ‘and intended to have adouble effect, to raise him, and to de- press those who thought it their duty to promote the election of a man of different senti- ments; and afterwards when these publications assumed a controversial shape, the attempts © _which were made with too much success, to suppress information on one side, and to come trolthe presses 5 these and many other measures, which were adopted to carry the election ofa favourite candidate, it was early foreseen, if persisted in, would lead on to serious cofte not fabricated it, the reader shall determine from his 6wn words, ‘which follow. ‘‘ Though not a follower of the’ Reformer of Geneva, the present. writer could never think of objecting to a man as a public instructor, that he was a\Calvinist; and he must do’ so much justice to those who think with him, as to assert, that they are gens erally incapable {as indeed are all sensible men of different. sentiments), of a proceeding so uncandid and intolerant. It is very well known, however; that the alarm has been raised, Beware, he is an Arminian ! -hé isian. sacri ~ io | «Feenum habet in cornu—longe fuge! . Feeling, as I do,-miost seriously interested in anens perity of our Alma Mater, I'shall lament, as deeply inju- rious to her usefulness and reputation, that hour, when her present liberal principles shall be exchanged for sub- Seriptions to Articles of Faith; or, what is the, same thing, when the belief of a certain’ speculative system: shall be esteemed necessary in him, who aspires to the ~ honourable station of an insttuctor of her sons. "The next step, a very short one, is to require such acondition from youth at their matriculation; to turn the college cata- logue into an Index Expurgatorius ; and to expel from tire shelves of the library all heretical publications. So shall an access of error be prohibited, and the fountain of knowledge shall fow with an. unpolluted piaisai from generation to generation.??t Sei. troversy. . The part which the writer has hitherto takenin this Stree, ae the dispo ; sition too apparently manifested in some periodical publications,* in the Ne rs, and other ways, to misrepresent and mistate important facts, rendered it neccedsary to his own vindication, to make this appeal to the public, and to lay before them the true grounds of the controversy. The determination to make this appeal was not made rashly. It was the result of much and serious deliberation. The delicacy of the subject, asit respects. the wri. ter, on several} accounts, is sensibly felt,and the probable consequences have been maturely weighed. He has only fulfilled what he felt to be an imperious duty, andhe has endeavour- ed to fulfill itina manner which shall exempt him from any just censure, from those who differ from him. * Sve the Anthology, and Centinel of Feb, 13. 180 Be a9 See also an impassioned effusion in the Centinel of the 53th of Feb. (the day Before the _ 23 Bes . Gie woiild be ‘ready to conclude, from these observa: tions, that the intolerant spirit of persecution ‘lad. made its appearance among us, that. we were in danger of aa inquisitorial establishment, andthat another caliph Omar was about to arise and order the heretical books in the college library to be burnt ;---and all this forsooth, ‘bet cause some-persons, who. verily believe that Mr: Hollis in his statutes, requires that his Professor should bea Galvinist, have thought proper in fidelity to their trust, ‘to oppose the election of Mr. Weare, who ‘they ‘had good reason to believe is not a Calvinist, to that office ! Here is the true foundation of all the hue and ery that has been raised about “‘ intolerance, bigotry, persecution; subscription to articles of faith,” &c. &e!’ To what times are’we arrived, when one cannot, even with all thé circumspection and candor he is cadard emacs a solemn duty incumbent upon him, without incurring such abuse? O tempora !-O Mores! But to return. © “The advocates for the election of the candidate; rested their defence chiefly on the following By Plan or form Sor the Professor of Divinity 10 agree to — - at his inauguration.” “* That he repeat his oaths to the civil government, that he declare it as his belief that the Scriptures of the old and new testament are the only perfect rule of faith and manners, and that he promise to explain and open the scriptures to his pupils with integrity and faithful- election) headed “ Reflectionson Religious Persecutions,”? and subscribed Eirenppoios. This angry writer asserts, that «“ We are nolonger referred to the Bible, as a rule of faith, but ta the Westminster “Catechism, &c.””? That «the creed of Christ and the Apostles i$ to bs abandoned for the criticism of Commentators, and old metaphysical Doctors.of Divinity, are to give us the articles of our faith,’” &c. &c. when he well knew, that gentlemento whom he alludes, avowedly, consider the Bible as the ou/y standard of religious truth, and shat they view the Westminster Confession of Faith, not as ‘‘ a codicil to the New Testa- ment,”’ but only as an excellent summary Of the doctrines of Revelation. Such is “the can- dor of liberal men! ff 3 a : 24 ; wer ness, according to the best light that God shall give. Him. ‘That he promise to promote true piety and godliness by — his example and instruction.; that he ;consult the good of the college arid the peace of the churches of our Lord Jesus Christ on ‘all occasions ;, and. thdt he religiously observe the statutes of his founder, and all such other statutes and orders as shall be made by the college. not repugnant thereunto.”’ This ‘‘declaration,’’ they inna in whiol the Professor ‘‘ declares it as his belief that the Scriptures of the old and new testament are the only perfect rule of faith and, manners, and that he promise to explain and open the scriptures to his pupils with integrity and faith- fulness according to the light which God shall give him,” was intended by the founder to explain his statutes, and whoever, possessing the other qualifications required, could subscribe this declaration and promise, was, to all intents and purposes ‘“ of sound and orthodox princi- ples,”’ in the sense the founder meant; to > be pameeeted in using those terms. It was said in reply, that the Board of Oat in deciding the pending election, had no concern with the declaration ; that it was a transaction subsequent to our decision, and that the statutes and orders of ‘the founder, were our on/y guide. But supposing the right to explain the statutes of the founder by the declaration were admit- eth it throws no light on the meaning | of the terms, “sound and orthodox.” These terms were made use of to designate and identify one of the many particular schemes of religious principles and doctrines, adopted by the various sects of christians, or they are without meaning and superfluous. Now what light does the declaration afford for ies! mining which of the various schemes of religious princi< 25 —s to ples, was meant to be designated by the founder, by the terms ‘‘ sound and orthodox ?” Certainly none at all. Can the christian be named, of any sect or party, from the most rigid to the most liberal, who would refuse to subscribe to the declaration in question ? Athanasius and Arius, Calvin and Arminius, Socinus and Sweden- burgh, Edwards and Priestley, would all, with equal rea- diness, and might with equal sincerity, have promised “ to explain, and open the scriptures with integrity and faithfulness according to the best light that God should give them.” *But would it be proper thence to infer, that all these men were of “ sound or orthodox princi- ples,”? and that Mr. Hollis would have been indifferent, which of these men, had they all been living in his time, should be placed in his Professor’s chair ? The truth is, Mr. Hollis meant, that his ‘‘ Orders and Statutes” should be the only guide of the Electors, in filling his Professor’s chair ; and after they had chosen a man of ‘‘ sound or orthodox principles,” then it was his will that the Professor, at his inauguration, should declare and promise, as is customary in all colleges, what has been stated. It could never have been intended by the founder, that the declaration should be used to ex- plain, much less to nullify, an important clause in his. statutes relative tothis election. But, itis believed, this was the only expedient to get rid of it, and therefore adopted, Gentlemen no doubt satisfied their own con- sciences in reasoning in this manner, and acting accord- ing to their conclusions; but in the opinion of the minor- ity, at least of some of them, the reasoning was sophisti- cal, and the conclusion unwarrantable. It was observed also by one of the advocates of the election, that the orthodoxy of Mr. Hollis was doubtful, because his minister, the Rev. Mr. Hunt, was 2 “ Aete- Dp 26 + Ge rodox”? man. Is the orthodoxy of deacons* then to be determined by that of their ministers ? May not Mr, Hollis have been in the situation of some other deacons of like mild, forbearing, candid and peaceable disposi- tions, who maintain their “ orthodoxy with charity” for their ‘‘ heterodox”? ministers ? Butis the fact abovemen- tioned, (if it be indeed a fact, for no proof of it was ex- hibited) to be set in balance against all the evidence, which has been stated in proofof Mr. Hollis’ ortho- ‘doxy ? A man must have a strong desire to be conyine- ed, to be satisfied with such reasoning. The same may be said concerning some expressions in Mr. Hollis’ let- ters, which have ‘been eagerly seized, as evidence to prove him, to be, what no one ever doubted him to be, a candid, catholic, and liberal man, a Calvinist, of the stamp of Watts, Dop prince, Tappan, andathous- and others. a : A few observations were then made by the opposers of : the election, on the inexpediency of confirming the choice of the Corporation. It would bea departure, it was said, from the religious principles on which the col- lege was founded, and under the influence of which, it had hitherto flourished; it would tend to alienate the affections and confidence of a great and respect- able body of the clergy and citizens from the Uni- versity ; and produce new, and probably warm relig- ious contentions, in the Commonwealth, already la- mentably distracted with those of a political nature. It was added, that wisdom, and regard to our peace and safety, obviously dictated the selection of a man for Pro- fessor, who in respect to his religious principles, was on the middle ground, between the two existing extremes among us, whose sentiments were coincident with those. * Mr. Hollis was a deacon of Mr, Hunt’s Church. Q7 ‘of Dr. Dopvrrncz, or the late amiable and excellent “Professor Tappan. - The question was then taken, fifty six’being present, ‘when it appeared, that thirty three were in favor of ap- ‘proving the choice-of the Corporation, and twenty three “against ; and so the choice of the Rev. Henry WEARE, as Hollis Professor of Divinity in Harvard College ‘was ‘confirmed. Et is known that the Corporation, consistin gat the ‘present time of only six members, were at one time “equally divided between two candidates ; and that the ‘choice was finally, after several weeks, determined by the change of an individual vote. Thus was decided a question of incalculable conse- quence to the future prosperity and usefulness of the university. We have seen for what objects, and with what care, this literary institution was originally founded. ‘The Charter secures to the benefactors the appropriate use of their bequests. So does the Constitution of thecom- monwealth, which contains the following clause. ‘It is declared that all the said gifts, grants, devises, lega- cies and conveyances, are hereby for ever confirmed un- to the President and Fellows of Harvard College, and to their successors, in the capacity aforesaid, according to the TRUE intent and meaning, of the Donor or Donors, grantor or grantors, devisor or devisors.”? We have seen the singular anxiety and caution of Mr. FTollis by his letters, and by a bond to secure the object of his Foundation, and to guard his professorship against error and innovation in all future time. Now if bar- riers so sacred can be removed, what guard can be devis- ed, which shall secure any bequest against violation ? What assurance can any well disposed persons in fu- ture have, that any donations, they may wish to make to 28 Harvard College, will be applied to. their objects, even one century ? How this will affect future benefactions it is easy to predict. What effect this change in the relig- ious character of the Professorship, and of the University will gradually and ultimately produce in the state of our Churches, and on the religious and moral character of our citizens, cannot with so much certainty be foreseen. In respect to New England, it is an untried experi- ment. Gop forbid, that this change should be injurious and ruinous ; that in consequence, the faith of our churches should become less pure, their discipline less strict, the standard of christian morality lowered, - the difference lessened between those, who professedly serve God, and those who avowedly serve him not ; till at length the spirit and power of our religion shall have evaporated, and its very forms.be abolished.* “For Curist and the Cuurcn,” was this ancient college founded by men, whom we delight to call our Fathers ; “‘for Curis and the Cuurcn” has it hitherto been cherished, instructed and governed, by men of like christian principles and spirit 5 “‘ for Curist and the Cuurcu” oh may the Gop of our Fathers, who still lives and reigns, in mercy preserve it, so long as the sun and the moon shall endure ! * See the second and third chapters of the Revelation of St. John * = al DATE DUE Sq =f FORM 335 40M 9-42 Div.S. 207.744 WA