CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM Date Due tH^iiTFtoaif Interlibi arv toari — Cornell University Library F 142M8 H66 + + History of Morris CountVj.. New ...Jersey, wi 3 1924 028 828 386 oiin Overs Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028828386 "W^ =^l^ c^:^ it=J>- ITS©. Ar < ^H^ jerS^ WITH ^^. flieirlief> OF PROMINENT CITIZENS AND PIONEERS, NEW YORK: W. W. MUNSELL & CO., 36 Vesey Street. 1882. % >--'- PRESS OF GEORGE MACNAMARA, 36 VESEY STREET, NFW YORK. TABLE OF CONTENTS. OUTLIl^E HISTORY OF ^^ JERSEY. PAOE. CHAPTER I. The Indians of New Jersey— Discovery and Settlement of the State T,8 CHAPTEB TI. New Jersey under the Dutch and English Governors— Slavery 8-10 CHAPTEH lir. New Jersey's part in the French and Rev- olutionary Wars 11, 12 CHAPTEK IV. Participation of the State in the Wars of this Centnry 12, 13 CHAPTER v/ Educational, Governmental and Benevo- lent Institutions— The State Administra- tion 13-15 CHAPTER VI. Mineral Resources— Industries— Canals and Railroads— Population 15,16 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. CHAPTER I. The Indians in Possession— Early Boun- dary Lines-The First Settlements 17-20 CHAPTER II. The Formation of Morris County and its Division into Townships 20-23 CHAPTER III. The Prelude to the Revolution— Patriot Leaders of Morris County 22-27 CHAPTER IV. Morris County Troops in the Continental Army 27-31 CHAPTER V. Morris County Militia in the Revolution —Incidents of the War 32-37 CHAPTER VI. Recovering from the Revolution— Mor- ris County Men in the War of 1812 37-39 CHAPTER VII. The Iron Industry of Morris Countj'— Early Enterprises- Forges and Bloomaries 39-48 CHAPTER VIII. Charcoal Furnaces— Pompton, Hibernia, Mt. Hope and Split Rock 48-56 CHAPTER IX. Slitting and Rolling Mills— An tiiracite Furnaces and Foundries 56-62 CHAPTER X. Iron Mines of Morris County 62-68 PAGE CHAPTER XI. Travel and Transportation— Turnpikes— The Morris Canal— Railroads 66-71 CHAPTER XII. Religious and Educational Interests 71-73 CHAPTEK XIH. Political Parties and Candidates— Officers and Representatives 73-80 CHAPTER XIV. Opening of the Civil War— First Volun- teers—Ladies' Aid Societies 80,81 CHAPTER XV. Company K 7th N. J.— Captain South- ard's Engineers— Captain Duncan's Com- pany,. 81-85 CHAPTER XVI. The 11th N. J. Regiment— Battles and Losses of Companies E and H 85-88 CHAPTER XVIL The Brilliant Record of Companies C and F 15th N. J. Volunteers 88-93 CHAPTER XVIII. History of the 27th N. J. Volunteer In- fantry— The Cumberland River Disaster... 93-97 CHAPTER XIX. Drafting— "Emergency Men "—Company K 1st N. J.— Company I 33d N. J 97-100 CHAPTER XX. The 39th N. J. Volunteers— Roll of Com- pany K— List of Patriot Dead 100-102 CHAPTER XXI. A Sketch of the Geology and Physical Geography of Morris County 10.2-1C8 CITY A^D TOWr(SHIP HISTORIES. Boonton 177-186 Chatham 187-210 Chester 211-216 Hanover 217-228 Jefferson 229-240 Mendham 341-248 Montvil le 249-253 Morristown 109-176 Mount Olive 254-259 Passaic 260-264 Peguannock 265-289 Randolph 290-330 Rockaway 331-363 Roxbury 364-371 Washington o72-;!iriS VILL/GES. Bartley ville 255 Boonton 178 Budd's Lake 255 PAGE Butler 396 Chatham 199 Chester 211 Dover 313 Drakeville 366 Ferromonte 310 Flanders 255 Hanover 231 Littleton 221 Madison 200 McCain ville 366 Mill Brook 310 Mine Hill 310 Morristown .' 109 Mount Freedom 310 Mount Olive 355 New Vernon 26,') Parsippany — 231 Port Morris 366 Port Oram 309 South Stanhope 255 Stanley 200 Sucoasunna 365 Troy 221 Walnut Grove 310 Whippany 221 BIOGI|APHIC/L SKETCHES. Allen, Jabez L 328 Allen, Job 341 A.xtel 1 Family 242 Baker, Henry 360 Baker, William H 362 Barnes, Rev. Albert 136 Beaman, David 342 Bergen, Rev- John G 208 Boisaubin, Vincent 203 Brown, John P 24U Budd, Daniel 315 Butterworth, Joshua H 326 Byram Family 243 Campfield, Jabez .si Chandler, L. A ,362 Condiet, Silas 26 Cook, Ellis 26 Cook, Silas 252 Cooper, Daniel 263 Cooper, Nathan A 211 Darby,John 220 Darcy , John 31 De Hart, William 24 Diclcerson, Jonathan 321 Dickerson, Mahlon 321 Dickerson, Peter 25, 321 Dod Family 243 Drake, Jacob 25 Faesch, John Jacob 53, 281, 337 Fairchild Family 2'28 Fisher, Rev. Samuel 136 Ford, Jacob sen.. 23, 114, 115 Ford, Jacob jv 115 Ford, Rev. John 22U a4 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE Gaines, Nathaniel 252 Garrison, Samuel L 18G Green, Kev. Jacob 334 Hager, John S 377 Hager, Lawrence 376 Halsey, Samuel B 361 Hancock, Rev. John 210 HannFamil3' 374 Harcouv, Hev. Samuel 213 Hasenolever, Peter 43 Hinchman Family 334 Hinchman, Guy M 58, 335 Hinchman, Joseph 324 HofE Family 361 Horton, Kev. Azariah 205 Hull, Aurelius B 170 Jaekson, John Darby 361 Jackson, Joseph 360 Johnes, Rev. Timothy 131, 133 Kanouse Family 269 Kearney, Michael 318 King, Andrew 43, 298 King, William L 171 Kitchel, Aaron 3 19 Kitchel, Abraham 20 Lefevre, William B 237 Lefevre, William Jeff 392 Littell Family 261 Marsh, Ephraim 380 McBowell, Rev. William A 136 Megie Family 388 Moylan, Stephen 51 Neighbour Family 375 Ogden, Abraham 24 Ogden, Samuel . . . -. 24 Oram, Robert F 328 Randolph, T.F 168 Richards, George 337 Richards, Hev. James 135 Sanders Family 343 Sohenok, Rev, J. V. N 383 Segur, Thomas B 336 Spencer, Oliver 31 Stickle, Hubbard S 362 Stiles, Jonathan 24 Stoddard, Rev. E. W .370 Stotesbury, John 53 Stoutenburg Family 382 Thompson, David 36 Tuthill, Samuel 34 Tuttle, Rev. Joseph F 344 Tuttle.Rev. Samuel L 308 PAGE Vail, Alfred 160 Vail, George 175 Vanatta, Jacob 172 Ward, L. B 176 Welsh Family 375 Wick, Henry 35 Winds, William 24, 399 Woodhull, Rev. William 213 Young, David 319 P0RTI\A1TS. Baker, Henry, Rockaway 360 Biker, William H., '• 363 Bruen, James H., " 312 Budd, Daniel, Shester 315 Butterworth, J. H., Dover 336 Cobb, Andrew B., Hanover 319 Cooper, Nathan A., Chester 311 Cooper, Mary H., " 312 Dickerson, Mahlon, Randolph 331 Drake, Nelson H., Mt. Olive 375 Fairchild, E. M., Hanover 329 Fairohild, R. V. W., " 337 Fairchild, Stephen, " 328 Garrison, S. L., Boonton 186 Hager, John S., German Valley 377 Hager, Lawrence, " " 376 Hinchman, G. M., Dover 328 Hull, Aurelius B., Morristown 170 Johnson, William C„ Chatham 199 King, William L., Morristown 171 Lindsley, Oscar, Passaic 199 Marsh, Ephraim, Schooley's Mountain 380 Stoddard, E. W., Succasunna 370 Ward, L. B., Morristown 176 Vail, George, Morristown 175 Vanatta, Jacob, " 173 ILLUSTI^ATIONS, PAGE Baker, William H., Homestead, Rockaway 363 Hartley, William & Son, Machine Shop, Bart- leyville 255 Beach, Columbus, Residence, Dover 316 Brown, John P., Hotel, Newfoundland 240 Chovey, Charles L., Residence, Madison 204 Cole, J. P., Residence, Montville 351 Cooper, N. A., dec— late Residence, Chester. . . 213 PAGE Crowell, D. A., Belmont Hall, Schooley's Mt... 283 Elliott, Alex., Residence, Dover 316 Evans, Mrs. J. D., Residence, Chester 202 Fairchild, Mrs. R. V. W., Residence, Hanover. . 163 Frontispiece ^ George, Richard, Residence, Dover 314 Green, William S., Residence, Denville 312 Guerin, B. C, Hotel, Morristown 147 Hance, John, Residence, Randolph 312 Hopper, Peter, Residence, Pompton Plains.... 282 Howland, Mrs. William H., Residence, Montville 163 Hurd, Edward C Residence, Dover 293 Hurd, Lewis C, Residence, Hurdtown 230 Johnson, William C, Residence, Chatham 199 King, V. B., Residence, Morristown 173 Lanning, G. M., Residence, Afton 300 Leddell, S. W., Residence, Mendham 279 Macwithey, A. A., Residence., Pompton 282 Map of Morris County 8 Marsh, William W., Residence, Schooley's Mt. . 380 McParlan, H., Residence. Dover 292 Moller, Daniel, Opera House, Dover 312 Oram, Robert F., Residence, near Dover 328 Post, John F., Residence, Pompton 279 Richards, George, Residence. Dover 337 Richards, Samuel E., Residence, Afton 200 Komondt, C. D. V., Residence. Pompton 279 Rubber Comb and Jewelry Works 396 Scenery in Morris County (frontispiece) 1 Sharp, J. M., Hotel, Budd's Lake 255 Simpson, James H., Residence, Dover 318 Stickle, B. K.&G.W., LumberYard, Rockaway 358 Thebaud, Edward, Residence, Madison 200 Thebaud, E. v., '• '' ..; 200 Todd, Edward, " " 208 Vanatta, Jacob, dec, late Residence, Morris- town 173 Washington's Headquarters, Morristown 166 Webb, James A., Residence, Madison 202 Welsh, John C, Residence, German Valley 375 Zabrislcie, A. J. B., Residence, Montville 251 /PPENDIX. Financial History— Reformatory Institutions. 389 Abstract of the Proprietors' Title 393 The 11th New Jersey Volunteers 395 The Village of Butler 396 INDEX TO NAMES 398-407 PREFACE To one whose own neighborhood has been the theater of events prominent in the nation's annals, the history of those events is the most interesting of all history. To the intrinsic fascination of stirring incidents is added the charm of their having occurred on familiar ground. The river is more than a volume of water irrigating its banks and turning mill-wheels — more than a blue ribbon woven into the green vesture of the earth — to one who knows how it has affected the course of events along its valley for a century or more, determining the location first of the Indian camp and then of the white man's vil- lage; the line, first of the red warrior's trail and finally of the railway and the canal; now the route of an army's march and anon that of a nation's domestic commerce. The road that has been traveled unthinkingly for years is invested with a new interest if found to have followed an Indian trail. The field where one has harvested but grain or fruit for many a season brings forth a crop of as- sociations and ideas when it is understood that il was the camping ground of the patriots whose labors and endur- ance founded the nation. The people will look with heightened and more intelligent interest upon ancient buildings in their midst — already venerated by them, they hardly know why — when they read the authentic record of events with which these monuments of the past are as- sociated. The annals of a region so famous as that of which these pages treat give it a new and powerful element of interest for its inhabitants, and strengthen that miniature but admirable patriotism which consists in the love of one's own locality. It has heretofore been possible for the scholar, with lei- sure and a comprehensive library, to trace out the writ- ten history of his county by patient research among vol- uminous government documents and many volumes, sometimes old and scarce; but these sources of informa- tion and the time to study them are not at the command of most of those who are intelligently interested in local history, and there are many unpublished facts to be res- cued from the failing memories of the oldest residents, who would soon have carried their information with them to the grave; and others to be obtained from the citizens best informed in regard to the various inter- ests and institutions of the county, which should be treated of in giving its history. This service of research and compilation, which very few could have undertaken for themselves, the pub- lishers of this work have caused to be performed; enlisting in the effort gentlemen whose standing in the community, whose familiarity with local events, and whose personal interest in having their several localities fitly represented, afford the amplest guaranty for the trustworthiness of their work. The names of these gentlemen appear in connection with the sec- tions of the history contributed by them. They have therein acknowledged the aid derived from the au thorities most serviceable to them. In addition to such acknowledgments the author of the history of Chester would mention the loan of books to him by Hon. Samuel H. Hunt, and of a historical discourse by Rev. Frank A. Johnson, from which he derived his account of the Congregational church of Chester. It should perhaps be said that the authors of the city and township histories in most cases did not write the biographical sketches attached to those his- tories. While a few unimportant mistakes may perhaps be found in such a multitude of details, in spite of the care exercised in the production of the work, the publishers confidently present this result of many months' labor as a true and orderly narrative of all the events in the his- tory of the county which were of sufficient interest to merit such record. cQjL^^ ^{ffTERDO Scale- 3% inches io -I miley. — OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY. CHAPTER I. THE INDIANS OF NEW JERSEY — DISCOVERY AND SETTLE- MENT OF THE STATE. fT the time of its discovery by the whites the region which includes New Jersey was inhab- ited by the Delaware Indians, or, as they termed themselves, the Lenni Lenapes — a name which has had various interpretations, among which are those of " original people " and " unmixed people." They were a portion of the people who were known by the generic name of Wapanachki, which according to Heckewelder means " people at the rising of the sun," or eastlanders. Notwithstanding the eastern name which they bore their traditions related that they came from the western part of the American continent, where they had resided during many centuries and whence they came eastward with the Mengwe or Iroquois, whom they encountered on their journey. Their traditions further related that the Lenape and Mengwe people dwelt peacefully together during several centuries, but that they separated and the Lenapes came to occupy the region bordering on the great salt water lake and watered by four great rivers, the Delaware, Hudson, Susquehanna and Potomac. The government of the Lenape Indians was somewhat similar to that of the Iroquois, and like them the Lenapes were divided into totemic tribes. In the case of the latter these were called the Unami, the Unalachta and the Minsi, or the Turtle, the Turkey and the Wolf. In the case of the Iroquois there were eight of these divis- ions, each with its totemic designation. The relation of these tribal divisions to each other was such as to give great cohesive strength to the nation. Although these Indians were untamed savages, who had not the advan- tages of the recorded experience of past ages, yet with the Iroquois and to a less extent with the Lenapes a civil system existed which could not fail to challenge the ad- miration of the students of both ancient and modern sys- tems of government. It may truly be said of these people that, with all their savagery, so long as they were uncontamihated by the vices of civilization they were in their domestic and social relations far better than many who have sought to impose their civilization on them. At a period which is not definitely fixed the Lenapes were subjugated by th-eir powerful and warlike neighbors the Iroquois, and, although they had previous to this subjugation been a warlike people, they were degraded from their position as warriors; or, in the language of their savage conquerors, "made women." Through the instrumentality of Sir William Johnson they were in 1756 rehabilitated, or " made men again." The Indians of New Jersey on several occasions be- came hostile to the whites, either on their own account or as the allies of tribes with whom they were on friendly terms. As in the Indian wars of later times, however, the causes of these outbreaks could usually be traced to some act of injustice on the part of the whites. Such an outbreak occurred in 1643, during the administration of Governor Kieft, in which the Hackensacks and Tappans made common cause with their neighbors in revenging some injuries that had been inflicted on them by the Dutch in the autumn of the same year. A still more serious war broke out, in which the New Jersey Indians again made common cause with those of Long Island and the Hudson River. In this instance peace was not finally concluded till the summer of 1645. It is said that the shores of North America were first visited by the Northmen, in the year 986, and that several voyages were made by them to this country during the twenty-five years immediately following. These alleged discoveries led to no practical results. The first effectual and important discoveries on this continent were made by Christopher Columbus, in 1492 and the few succeeding years. It is not necessary to speak in detail of the many voyagers who came to this country after its discovery by 8 OUTLINE HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. Columbus but who failed to discover this portion of the continent. It is said that in 1624 John de Verrazano, a Florentine navigator, sailed to America and proceeded along the coast from Florida to the fiftieth degree of north latitude, and that he entered the harbor of New York. If so, no practical result followed his discovery, and during almost a century the region was not again visited by Europeans. In 1609 Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch East India Company, while seeking for a northwest passage to Asia, entered the Delaware Bay, in which he sailed but a short distance on account of the shoal water. Sailing thence northward along the eastern shore of New Jersey he anchored his ship (the " Half- Moon ") within Sandy Hook September 3d of that year. On the 5th he sent a boat's crew ashore within Sandy Hook, and they penetrated some distance into the region now included in Monmouth county. The next day a crew of five was sent to make explorations and soundings in the Narrows. It is stated by the writer of the ship's journal that they found " a large opening and a narrow river to the west," which was probably the Kill von Kull, the channel between Bergen Point and Staten Island. On the return of the crew they were attacked by the na- tives in two canoes, and one man, named John Coleman, was killed. His body was interred the next day on what was called from that circumstance Coleman's Point — probably Sandy Hook. Hudson sailed up the river which bears his name, as far as Albany, whence he returned, and on the 4th of October sailed for Europe. In 1614 a fort and trading house were erected on the southwestern point of Manhattan Island, which was named New Amsterdam, and the Dutch colony here was called New Netherlands. It is not positively known when the first European set- tlement was made within the limits of New Jersey. It is believed that a number of Danes or Norwegians who came to New Netherlands with the Dutch colonists com- menced a settlement at Bergen about the year i6i8. In 1614 a redoubt was constructed on the west shore of the Hudson River, probably at Jersey City Point. The first attempt to establish a settlement on the east- ern shore of the Delaware River was made in 1623, by Captain Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, in the service of the " Privileged West India Company." He sailed up Dela- ware Bay and River, and built a fort (Fort Nassau) at Techaacho, on a stream which empties into the Delaware a few miles below Camden. The West India Company, to encourage settlement here, granted the right of pre-emption to large tracts of land, and the grantees accordingly purchased the lands from the Indians. In 1630 they formed an association and sent a vessel, under the command of David Peiter- son de Vries, with settlers. They arrived early in 1631, to find that Fort Nassau was possessed by the Indians and none of the settlers were there. De Vries erected a fort and left a colony, which was soon afterward mas- sacred by the Indians. He returned shortly afterward with a new company, and narrowly escaped a similar fate. The Dutch soon abandoned the Delaware, and during some years the country remained without Euro- pean inhabitants. In 1637 the Swedes settled on the Delaware. Two ships with settlers came during that year, followed after- ward by others, and in 1642 John Printz was sent over as governor of the colony. He established himself on the island of Tennekeng, or Tennicum, where he erected a fort, church, etc. Soon afterward the Dutch re-estab- lished a settlement at Fort Nassau and made settlements elsewhere on the river, and for a time the country was occupied by the two nations in common. Differences arose, however, which led to general hostilities, and the Swedes were in 1655 dispossessed by the Dutch. This was the termination of the Swedish authority here. From this time till 1664 the country on the Delaware was wholly under Dutch control, and was governed by directors appointed by the governor of the colony at New Amsterdam. These directors were, in the order of their succession, Johannes Paul Jaquet, Peter Alricks, Hinojossa and William Beekman. " These officers granted lands, and their patents make part of the titles of the present possessors. At this period the Dutch ac- quired large tracts of country upon the eastern side of New Jersey, and it may be reasonably supposed that there was some settlement on the road between the colonies on the Hudson and Delaware." The English laid claim to this territory on the ground of prior discovery by Cabot, and on the additional ground that Henry Hudson, though in the service of the Dutch when he discovered the region, was born an Eng- lishman; and it does not appear that they ever abandoned the claim. Their attempts to form settlements on the Delaware were resisted by the Dutch and Swedes, and even vio- lence was resorted to, which gave rise to controversies between the New England and Dutch governments. CHAPTER II. NEW JERSEY UNDER THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH GOVERN- ORS — SLAVERY. N 1664 Charles II. of England sent a force under Sir Robert Carr and Colonel , Richard Nicoll to dispossess the Dutch of their terri- tory in the New World. Governor Stuyve- sant, of New Amsterdam, was by reason of his defenseless condition compelled to surrender without resistance, and the conquest of the colony on the Delaware was accomplished by Sir Robert Carr "with the expenditure of two barrels of powder and twenty shot." At this time an extensive grant of terri- tory was made by King Charles to his brother, the Duke NEW JERSEY UNDER THE COLONIAL GOVERNORS. of York, and lie on the 23d of June 1664 conveyed to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret the territory now comprising New Jersey, by the following instrument, which first definitely described its boundaries: " This Indenture, made the three-and-twentieth day of June in the sixteenth year of the feign of our Sover- eign Lord Charles the Second by the gface of God of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King Defender of the Faith — Anno Dominie 1664 — between his Royal Highness James Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland, Constable of Dover Castle, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Governor of Portsmouth, of the one part, John Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton and one of his Majes- tie's most honorable privy council, and- Sir George Car- teret, of Stratturm, in the county of Devon, Knight and one of his Majestie's most honorable privy council, of the other part,,Witnesaeth that the said James Duke of York, for and in consideration of the sum of ten shillings of lavyrful money of^ England, to him in hand paid, by these presents doth bargain and sell unto the said John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret all that tract of land adjacent to New England and lying and being to the westward of Long Island, bounded on the east part by the main sea and part by Hudson River and hath upon the west Delaware Bay or River, and extendeth southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, and to the northward as far as the northernmost branch of said bay or river of the Dela- ware, which is in forty-one degrees and forty minutes of latitude; and worketh over thence in a straight line to Hudson River — which said tract of land is hereafter to be called by the name or names of Nova Csesarea or New- Jersey." The feudal tenure was recognized by the agreement to pay an annual rent of one pepper corn if demanded. The proprietors formed a constitution, or, as it was termed, "concessions and agreement of the lords pro- prietors," which secured equal privileges and liberty of conscience to all, and it continued in force till the divis- ion, of the. province in 1676. Philip Carteret was ap- pointed governor, and in 1665 he made Elizabethtown the seat of government. The constitution established a representative government and made liberal provision for settlers.. In a few years domestic disputes arose, and in 1672 an insurrection occurred compelling Governor Carteret to leave the province. In 1673 England and Holland were at war, and a squadron was sent by the Dutch to repossess New Neth- erland, which was surrendered without resistance by Captain Manning in the absence of Governor Lovelace. On the conclusion of peace between England and Hol- land New Netherland was restored to the former. The governor of New York, Major Edmund Andross, claimed jurisdiction over New Jersey, insisting that the Dutch conquest extinguished the proprietary title ; but early in 1675 Governor Carteret returned and resumed the gov- ernment of the eastern part of the province. He was kindly received by the people, who had become dissatis- fied with the arbitrary rule of Governor Andross. A new set of concessions was published and peaceable subordi- nation was established in the colony. Governor Andross, however, continued his efforts to enforce the duke's jurisdiction, and at last sent a force to Elizabethtown to arrest Governor Carteret and to convey him to New York. A second grant was made to Sir George Carteret, but previously to this it appears that Lord Berkeley and he had partitioned the province; for the country described in this grant was bounded on the southwest by a line drawn from Barnegat Creek to the Rancocus. Thus the province became divided into East and West New Jersey. Lord Berkeley was not satisfied with the pecuniary prospects of his colonization venture and sold his inter- est to two Quakers, John Fenwicke and Edward Byl- linge, for the sum of one thousand pounds. Byllinge, who was the principal proprietor, became embarrassed, and his share was conveyed far the benefit of his credi- tors to William Penn, Gawen Lawrie and Nicholas Lucas, who were also Quakers. These trustees sold shares to different purchasers, who thus became proprietaries in common with them. A constitution or form of govern- ment similar in many respects to the " concessions " of Berkeley and Carteret was adopted by those proprietaries, and on the ist of July 1676 a line of division between New West Jersey and New East Jersey was determined by Sir George Carteret and the trustees of Byllinge. This line was defined as extending " from the east side of Little Egg Harbor straight north through the country to the utmost branch of Delaware River." Many settlers were attracted hither, nearly all of whom were of the Society of Friends. Land was purchased from the Indians, and the town of Burlington — first called New Beverley, then Bridlington — was established. The in- dustry and patience of the settlers met their reward and prosperity prevailed among them. As in the case of East Jersey, Governor Andross, of New York, claimed and sought to enforce jurisdiction over the western part of the province, and finally imposed a tax of five per cent, on European merchandise im- ported. This led to protests and representations which in- duced the duke in 1680 to abandon all claims on West New Jersey and confirm the rights of the trustees of Byl- hnge and the assignees of Fenwicke. The proprietor of East New Jersey, Sir George Carteret, died in 1679. By his will he directed the sale of that part of the province for the payment of his debts, and it was accordingly sold to William Penn and eleven others, who were termed the twelve proprietors. A fresh impetus was given to the settlement of the country, especially by people from Scotland. Each of the twelve proprietors took a partner, and they all came to be known as the twenty-four proprietors, and to them the Duke of York, on the 14th of March 1682, made a fresh grant. A notable difference had been observed in the character of the laws enacted in East and West Jersey, and it is an instructive fact that under the milder and more merciful laws of the latter crime was less frequent than under the severe enactments of the former. Under the new regime in East Jersey Robert Barclay, one of the proprietors, was chosen governor for life, with OUTLINE HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. power to name his deputies. These were, in succession: Thomas Rudyard (1683), Gawen Lawrie, Lord Niel Campbell and Alexander Hamilton. In West Jersey Samuel Jennings was commissioned deputy governor by Byllinge in 1680, and during the next year he convened an assembly, which adopted a consti- tution and form of government. His successors were Thomas Olive, John Skene, William Welsh, Daniel Coxe and Andrew Hamilton. In 1 701 the condition of things in both provinces had come to be such that the benefits of good government were not attainable. Each had many proprietors, and their conflicting interests occasioned such discord that the people became quite willing to listen to overtures for a surrender of the proprietary government. "The pro- prietors, weary of contending with each ottier and with the people, drew up an instrument whereby they sur- rendered their right of government to the crown, which was accepted by Queen Anne on the 17th of April 1702. The queen at once reunited the two provinces, and placed the government of New Jersey as well as of New York in the hands of her kinsman Lord Cornbury." The commission and instructions which Cornbury received formed the constitution and government of the province until its declaration of independence. The new govern- ment was composed of the governor and twelve councilors, nominated by the crown, and an assembly of twenty-four members to be elected by the people for an indefinite term. Among the instructions given to the governor was the following: " Forasmuch as great inconveniences may arise by the liberty oi printing in our said province, you are to provide by all necessary orders that no person keep any press for printing, nor that any book, pamphlet or other matters whatsoever be printed without your especial leave and license first obtained." Cornbury's rule was terminated by the revocation of his commission in 1708. It was characterized by mean- ness, extravagance, despotism, bigotry, avarice, and pub- lic and private injustice. He was succeeded by John Lord Lovelace, who soon died, and the functions of gov- ernment were discharged by Lieutenant Governor In- goldsby till 17 10, when Governor Hunter commenced his administration. It is said of him that "he assented to most of the laws the people wanted, and filled the offices with men of character." He was followed in 1720 by William Burnet, who was removed to Boston in 1727. John Montgomerie then became governor, and so con- tinued till his death, in 1731. His successor, William Cosby, was removed by death in 1736. The government then devolved on John Anderson, president of the coun- cil, who died in about two weeks and was succeeded by John Hamilton (son of Andrew Hamilton, governor un- der the proprietors), who served nearly two years. In 1738 Lewis Morris Esq. was appointed governor of New Jersey " separate from New York. He continued till his death, in the spring of 1746. He was succeeded by President Hamilton. He dying it devolved upon John Reading, Esq., as the next eldest councilor. He exer- cised the office till the summer of i747> when Jonathan Belcher, Esq., arrived. He died in the summer of 1757 and was succeeded by John Reading, Esq., president. Francis Bernard, Esq., appointed governor in 1758, was removed to Boston, and succeeded here by Thomas Boone, Esq., in 1760." He was succeeded by Josiah Hardy, and in 1763 by William Franklin, the last royal governor and a son of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. From the first settlement of New Jersey slavery existed here. No measures were adopted for its prevention, and with the sentiment that then prevailed concerning the slave trade and the institution of slavery it is not reason- able to suppose that it could be prohibited. In the "con- cessions " of 1664-65 "weaker servants or slaves" were spoken of, and for every such servant above the age of £4 brought into the province 75 acres of land were allowed the master. When Lord Cornbury was made governor of the province he was instructed as follows : " And whereas we are willing to recommend unto the said company that the said province may have a con- stant and sufficient supply of merchantable negroes at moderate rates in money or commodities, so you are to take especial care that payment made be duly made and within a competent time, according to agreement." "And you are to take care that there be no trading from our said province to any place in Africa within the charter of the Royal African Company, otherwise than prescribed by an act of Parliament entitled ' An act to settle the trade of Africa.' " Barracks once stood near the junction of Smith and Water streets in Perth Amboy for the reception and con- finement of slaves when imported. Much of the labor of families was for many years previous to the Revolu- tion performed by slaves. As early as 1696 the Quakers of this province united with those of Pennsylvania to discourage the importation and employment of slaves, but their example was not followed by others. In New Jersey as elsewhere severe penalties were in- flicted on negroes for crimes, and these often followed closely after the commission of the crimes. Whipping, branding, hanging and even burning alive were among the punishments inflicted. The peace of the province was disturbed it is said by several risings or attempted insurrections among the slaves, but these were promptly- suppressed. February 24th 1820 a law was enacted making every child born of slave parents subsequent to July 4th 1804 free, the males on arriving at the age of twenty- five years and the females at twenty-one. Under this- law and that of 1846 slavery has disappeared from the- State. ' In 1790 there were in the State 11,423 slaves; in i8oq> 12,422; 1810, 10,851; 1820, 7,557; 1830, 2,254; 1840, 674; 1850, 236; i860, 18. EARLY REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. II CHAPTER IlL NKW JERSEY S PART IN THE FRENCH AND REVOLUTION- ARY WARS. 'N 1744 war was formally declared between France and Great Britain. Masked hostili- ties had been for some time carried on. In 1746 the Assembly of New Jersey resolved to furnish five hundred men to assist in the conquest of Canada. In response to the call for this number 660 offered themselves, and one com- pany was transferred to the quota of New York. In the French and Indian hostilities which succeeded this period, and which were not terminated till 1763, New Jersey nobly sustained her part. In response to the call of the English minister, Mr. Pitt, on the colonies it is said: " The Assembly of New Jersey, instead of raising reluctantly five hundred men, doubled that number; and to fill the ranks in season offered a bounty of twelve pounds per man, increased the pay of the officers and voted a sum of _;£'5o,ooo for their maincenance. They at the same session directed barracks to be built at Burlington, Trenton, New lirunswick, Araboy and Eliza- bethtown, competent each for the accommodation of three hundred men. * * * This complement of one thousand men New Jersey kept up during the years 1758, 1759 and 176c; and in the years 1761 and 1762 fur- nished six hundred men, besides in the latter year a company of sixty-four men and officers especially for garrison; for which she incurred an average expense of _;^4o,ooo per annum." It is neither practicable nor desirable in a brief sketch like this to discuss the causes which led to the Ameri- can Revolution. New Jersey bore a prominent and honorable part in that memorable contest, and not only was her soil the scene of active military operations, but it was more than once made red by the blood of the defenders of American liberty. Action was taken by the Legislature of New Jersey in opposition to the oppressive acts of the British govern- ment as early as February 1774, when a State committee of correspondence was appointed, with instructions to watch and make known all matters which might affect the liberties and privileges of the colonists. In July of the same year conventions of the people were held in the various county towns, and resolutions were adopted condemning in strong terms the oppressive acts of Great Britain. Deputies were also chosen to a convention for the election of delegates to the General Congress at Philadelphia. These delegates were James Kinsey, William Livingston, John De Hart, Stephen Crane and Richard Smith. The convention was held be- cause of the refusal of the governor to summon the Assembly when requested to do so. At its next session, in January 1775, the Assembly approved the proceedings of Congress, and chose the same representatives for the future Congress. A convention called by the committee of correspondence assembled at Trenton on the 23d of May 1775, to consider and determine such matters as de- manded attention. This convention or provincial Con- gress, '' reflecting the majesty of the people, assumed as occasion required the full power of all the branches of government." It provided for the formation of one or more companies, of eighty men each, in every town- ship or corporation, and to defray necessary expenses voted a tax of _;^io,ooo. On the 5th of August in the same year this provincial Congress reassembled and provided for the organization cf fifty-four companies, each of sixty-four minute men, allotting to each county a certain number. A resolution was adopted to respect the rights of conscience of the Quakers, but askin;; them to contribute to the relief of their distressed brethren. The Congress made provision for the perpetuation of the authority which it had as- sumed, and directed "that during the continuance of the present unhappy dispute between Great Britain and America there be a new choice of deputies in every county yearly, on the third Thursday of September." The Legislature was convened on the i6th of Novem- ber 1775 by Governor Franklin, and he addressed it at some length. He seemed desirous to be assured of his personal safety, and of the fact that the Assembly did not intend to declare independence, both of which as- surances were given him. " On December 6th 1775 ^^^ house was prorogued by the governor until the third day of January 1776, but it never reassembled, and thus terminated the provincial Legislature of New Jersey." Although at the close of 1775 the feeling was strong against a declaration of independence by the colonies, yet the experience of a few months wrought an entire change; and when, on the fourth of July 1776, the Con- tinental Congress adopted such a declaration the senti- ment of a majority of the patriots in New Jersey, as else- where, approved it. On the loth of June 1776 the Provincial Congress of New Jersey assembled, and oa the 21st of the same month resolved by a vote of 54 to 3 to organize a colo- nial or State government, pursuant to a recommendation made by the Continental Congress on the 15th of May. On the 26th of June a constitution was reported, and on the 2nd of July it was adopted, thus virtually, though not in words, severing the connection between the colony and the mother country. The declaration of independ- ence by Congress was approved on the 17th of July. Governor Franklin was thus reduced to the condition of an idle spectator of the doings of the Provincial Con- gress. He made an impotent attempt to exercise his au- thority, but he was finally arrested and sent to Connecti- cut, whence he sailed to England. Here as elsewhere of course there were many loyalists. Lenient measures toward them were at first adopted, but as time went on severer measures were found necessary. The tories here as elsewhere were more malignant in their hostility than the British soldiery, and by reason of their acquaintance with the country were able to inflict on the 12 OUTLINE HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. patriots great injuries. Laws were enacted declaring the forfeiture of their estates and disfranchising thera. It is not practicable to give even a distinct outline of the military operations of which New Jersey was the theater during the Revolution. Active hostilities were carried on here for several years" of the struggle; import- ant battles were fought on the soil of the State, many minor engagements occurred, and there is hardly a town along the track of the armies which crossed and recrossed the State that was not rendered historic by some enter- prise or exploit. The losses of New Jersey in the Revo- lutionary struggle, both in men and property, in propor- tion to her wealth and population, were greater than those of any of her sisters. " When General Washington was retreating through the Jerseys, almost forsaken, her militia were at all times obedient to his orders, and for a considerable time composed the strength of his army. The military services performed by the soldiers of New Jersey and the sufferings of her people during the Revo- lutionary war entitle her to the gratitude of her sister States. By her sacrifices of blood and treasure in resist- ing oppression she is entitled to stand in the foremost rank among those who struggled for American freedom." CHAPTER IV. PARTICIPATION OF THE STATE IN THE WARS OF THIS CENTURY. ?T is not necessary to discuss at length the causes which led to the war of 1812 with Great Britain. It may, however, be stated that the principal of these were the assump- tion by that power of the right to search American vessels and impress seamen into the British service, and the violation of the rights of neutrals on the high seas. War was declared on the 19th of June 1812; but five months previously the State of New Jersey had by resolutions in the I>egislature placed her- self on the record in its favor. Though. this State did not become the theater of active hostilities prompt measures were adopted to meet any emergencies that might arise. In 1812 all uniformed companies within the State were called on to hold themselves in readiness to take the field on short notice, and the call was obeyed with alacrity. Subsequently calls were made for men to guard the coast in times when danger was apprehended, and in every case prompt response was made to these calls. Troops were sent to Marcus and Paulus Hooks and to Staten Islsnd for the defense of those points, and the .quota of the State for the war was furnished at an early period. About four thousand men were called into actual service, for terms averaging about three months, and the pay from the State to these men, in addition to that which they received from the government, amounted to $36,000. Peace was concluded at Ghent on the 17th of February 1815, and in this State as elswhere the event was hailed with lively demonstrations of joy. In 1846, by reason of the annexation of Texas to the United States, difficulties with Mexico arose which re- sulted in war. To aid in the prosecution of this war many troops from New Jersey were raised in companies and admitted as volunteers directly into the service of the United States. These volunteers accompanied Gen- eral Taylor in his campaigns in Mexico. In May 1846 a call was made on Governor Stratton of this State for a corps of volunteers, which was very promptly furnished. The troops from this State participated in all the cam- paigns of this war, and shared its hardships and priva- tions and its triumphs. It may be remarked that the commander-in-chief. General Winfield Scott, Colonel Phil Kearney and Commodore Robert F. Stockton, all of whom bore an honorable part in this war, were Jerseymeii. December 20th i860 a convention of delegates chosen by the people of South Carolina under authority of the Legislature adopted an ordinance of secession from the Union. Other Southern States soon followed the ex- ample of South Carolina, and in February 1861 a con- vention of delegates appointed by the conventions of six seceding States adopted a form of government, termed the " Confederate States of America." On the 29th of January 1861 the Legislature of New Jersey adopted a series of resolutions, setting forth the duty of the citizens to sustain the Union, and declaring that the government of the Uuited States is a national government and not a mere compact or association. On the 12th of the following April Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, was bombarded, and compelled to surrender to the rebels on the 13th. On the 15th President Lincoln issued a proclamation calling for 75,- 000 men to suppress the rebellion. Under this call the quota of New Jersey was 3,120. On the i7lh Governor Olden received from the War Department the requisi- tion for these men, and he immediately issued his proc- lamation calling for individvals or organizations to re- port for service within twenty days. In New Jersey as in other Inyal States a spontane- ous uprising at once took place. " In every town and village the people, assembled in public meetings, pledged their utmost resources in behalf of the imperiled gov- ernment. The banks came forward with liberal offers of money, leading citizens proffered their- assistance to the authorities, every fireside shone with the lustre of patriotic feeling, and even schools shared in the absorb- ing excitement. It was a carnival of patriotism from one end of the State to the other." On the 23d of April the first company— the Olden Guards, Captain Joseph A. Yard, of Trenton — was mustered into the service of the United States. Quickly following this were other companies, so that by the 30th of the same month the brigade was full. An extra session of the Legislature was convened on the 30th of April and a loan of $2,000,000 was authorized to defray the expenses of the troops. Within sixty days the banks CIVIL WAR RECORD— SCHOOL HISTORY. 13 in the State had subscribed to this loan the aggregate sum of $705,000, and individuals had taken $76,000, making a total of $781,000. On the sth of May the New Jersey troops reached Annapolis, and on the 6th they reported for duty to the War Department in Washington. On the 3d of May 1861 a call was issued by the Presi- dent for thirty-nine regiments of infantry and one of cav- alry, to serve three years or during the war. Under this call the quota of New Jersey was three regiments. Such had been the enthusiasm of the people that not only had the first quota been filled, but about five thousand men had enlisted in New York, and nearly a sufficient number of companies were organized to fill this second quota. The regiments were organized at once and were uniformed, clothed and equipped at the expense of the State, amount- ing to $177,000. On the 28th of June they were sent to Washington. On the 3d of August a requisition was made by the President on this State for five regiments of infantry and one company of artillery, and on the Sth of September another company of artillery and a regiment of riflemen or sharpshooters, of twelve companies, were added to the requisition. These regiments and companies were at once raised. A regiment of cavalry was also recruited in twenty ■days, under authority of the President, by Hon. William Halstead, of Trenton, then seventy years of age. These regiments and companies were also furnished with equip- ments by the State, and they were organized and equipped at an expense of $557,000. Another regiment, the loth, was recruited by authority of the War Depart- ment without authority from the State, but was afterward credited on the quota of New Jersey. Under the call of July 7th 1862 for 300,000 volunteers the quota of New Jersey was five regiments. Of these four were mustered into service before the end of August, and one on the 6th of September. August 4th 1862 an enrollment and a daft of 300,000 militia were ordered by the President. On the 3d of September, the day fixed for the draft, there were in camp in this State 236 men more than the number called for. Although the men of these nine months' regiments were transferred almost at once from civil life to active military service they discharged their duties efficiently. Under the conscription act of 1863 the quota for New Jersey was fixed at 8,783. Six places of rendezvous were established on the 3d of August, all of which were closed within about two months. Ten companies of thirty-day men also were mustered for service in Penn- sylvania during 1863. Under the call of May i6th 1864 for " hundred-day men " a regiment was organized, and it served till Oc- tober of that year. Under the call of July i8th 1864 for 500,000 troops the quota of New Jersey was 15,891. During the war New Jersey sent to the field forty regi- ments and five batteries. Her total number of men liable to military duty was 98,806. Of these 78,248. men were called for by the government, and 88,305 were furnished, of whom 79,348 were credited to the State and 8,957 served in regiments of other States. The surplus over all calls was 10,057. The expenditures made by New Jersey in supplying troops during the war amounted to $2,894,384.99. The historian Raum says: " During the entire war New Jersey had ample reason to be proud of her citizen soldiery, for on every battle field that their services were called into requisition they acquitted themselves nobly, and ably sustained the reputation of Jersey Blues." CHAPTER V. EDUCATIONAL, GOVERNMENTAL AND BENEVOLENT INSTI- TUTIONS THE STATE ADMINISTRATION. LTHOUGH from the well known character of the Dutch and Swedes who first settled New Jersey it is reasonable to suppose that they had schools as soon as there were among them a sufficient number of children, no record of the fact remains. The English immigrants in East Jersey estab- lished schools in connection with, their churches. The Quakers who settled West Jersey were exceedingly care- ful to educate their children, and the first school fund in the province was derived from the rent or sale of lands on an island in the Delaware opposite Burlington set apart for that purpose. Action in Newark concerning schools was first taken in 1676, and in 1693 the General Assembly of East Jersey authorized the election of school commissioners in the towns and recognized the principle of taxation for the support of schools. ,A school fund of $15,000 was created by an act of the Legislature in 1816, and this was increased the next year. In 1818 the amount was increased to $r 13,238.78. In 1820 the inhabitants of townships were authorized to raise money by taxation for educational purposes, and in 1828 to raise funds in the same manner for the erection of school-houses. In 1824 the Legislature enacted that the school fund should be increased by the addition to it each year of one tenth of all the State taxes. In 1829 a school system was established, and in that year an appropriation of $20,000 was made for school purposes. This was followed by appropriations in sub- sequent years. In 1838 the school system was remodeled and the annual appropriation increased to. $30,000. The constitution of 1844 prohibited the diversion of the school fund to any other purpose than the support of schools. An act of the Legislature in 1846 provided for the appointment of a State superintendent of public schools and for the election of township superintendents. It also modified the school system. 14 OUTLINE HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. The annual appropriation was increased to $40,000 in 185 1 and to $80,000 in 1858. Teachers' institutes were established by law in 1854. The State normal school was established in 1855, at Trenton, and the Farnum preparatory school at Beverly was founded in 1856, by Paul Farnum, who donated $70,000 for that purpose. The State Board of Education was constituted in 1866 and in 1867 was revised, remodeled and greatly inl- proved. Of the higher institutions of learning in this State its citizens are justly proud. In 1756 the College of New Jersey, which had been incorporated m 1746, was per- manently established at Princeton. A theological sem- inary was also founded at Princeton, by the Presbyterian denomination, in 181 1. The Queen's College was established at New Bruns- wick in 1770, under a charge from King George III. of England. In honor of Henry Rutgers its name was changed by act of the Legislature to Rutgers College. The Reformed Dutch Church founded a theological school at New Brunswick in 1771. Burlington College, at Burlington, was chartered in 1846. It is under the management of the Episcopalians. Seton Hall College, founded at Madison in 1856 and removed to South Orange in i860, was chartered in 1861. It is a Roman Catholic institution. An ecclesiastical seminary is connected with it. In addition to these there are many academies, theo- logical, commercial and special institutions. located in dif- ferent portions of the State, the character of which will not suffer by comparison with those of any other part of the country. There is probably no State in the Union which in proportion to its size affords educational facil- ities equal to those of New Jersey. Previous to 1798 there was in this State no place of confinement for criminals except the county jails. In that year a prison was erected at Lamberton, at an expense ^^9,852. In 1820 it was enlarged by the addition of a wing. In 1838 a new prison was completed, at a total cost of about $180,000. Acts for the enlargement of this prison were passed in 1847, i860, 1868 and 1877, and the entire cost up to that time was about $500,000. In 1837 an act was passed making the old State prison a public arsenal. The building has been from time to time repaired and refitted, under authority of acts of the Legislature. In 1791 the seat of government was fixed at Trenton, and in 1792 a State-house was erected, at a cost of about ;^4,ooo. The building was repaired in 1799, 1801, 1806, 1845 and 1850. Additions were made in 1863-65, 1871-73 and 1875. The first action for the regulation of the State library was taken in 1804, when 168 volumes had accumulated. From this humble beginning the present State library has grown. The first effective movement toward the erection of an asylum for the insane was made in 1844, when a com- mission for the selection of a site was appointed by the Legislature. " A site was selected about two miles from Trenton. A building was erected within a few years, and additions have from time to time been made to it as necessity has required. In 1868 an act was passed authorizing the appointment of a commission to select a site for an additioual lunatic asylum and to commence its erection. A site was selected three miles from Morristown, and 430 acres of land were purchased. An extensive building was erected, at a cost, including land, furniture, etc., of $2,250,000, and in 1876 292 patients were removed to it from the Trenton asylum. A solciers' children's home was incorporated in 1865, and in 1866 it became a State institution. It was closed in 1876, the State having expended on it more than $346,000. An act for the establishment of the " New Jersey Sol- diers' Home " was passed by the Legislature in 1865, and a building in the city of Newark was completed in 1866, at a total cost of more than $32,000. It has been supported by annual State appropriations. By an act of the Legislature in 1865 a reform farm school for boys was established. The farm is near James- burg, Middlesex county, and includes nearly five hundred acres. A State industrial school for girls was established in 187 1, and a farm of about 80 acres in the township of Ewing, near Trenton, was purchased in 1872. In 1854, by an act of the Legislature, a geological sur- vey of the State was authorized, and since that year annual appropriations have been made for the prosecution of the work. This survey has not only added valuable contributions to geological science, but has aided ma- terially in the development of the mineral and agricultural resources of the State. The New Jersey Historical Society, which was organ- ized in 1845, was incorporated in 1846. It has its library and collections at Newark. The constitution of New Jersey which was adopted July 2nd 1776 continued to be the fundamental law of the State till 1844, when a convention of delegates assembled on the 14th of May to frame a new constitution. They concluded their labors on the 29th of June. The con- stitution which they formed was submitted to the people on the second Tuesday in the following August, and adopted by a large majority. A more complete sep- aration of the different departments of government and an extension of political and civil privileges were the notable changes which were made from the former constitution. No further change was made till 1873, when the wants of the Slate seemed to require further modifications of its fundamental law, and a com- mission was appointed by authority of the Legislature to propose amendments to the constitution. Twenty-eight amendments were proposed, and they were submitted to the people at a special election September 7th 1875, and all were adopted. Although no radical change was made by these amendments many provisions were introduced in keeping with the progress of the age, among which were the elimination of the word " white " from the constitu- GOVERNORS OF NEW JERSEY— INDUSTRIES. 15 tion and the substitution of the word "free " for " public" in the paragraph relating to schools. The following is a list of the governors of New Jersey under the different regimes, with the year of their ap- pointment or election: Previous to the division of the province: Carstiansen, 1614; Peter Minuit, 1624; Wouter Van Twiller, 1633; William Kieft, 1638; John Printz, 1642; Peter Stuy- vesant, 1646; Philip Carteret (English) 1664; Edmund Andross, 1674. After the division: East Jersey — Philip Carteret, 1676; Robert Barclay, 1682; Thomas Rudyard, 1682; Gawen Lawrie, 1683; Lord Neil Campbell, 1686; Andrew Ham- ilton, 1687; Edmund Andross, 1688; John Tatham, 1690; Joseph Dudley, 1691; Andrew Hamilton, 1692; Jeremiah Basse, 1698; Andrew Bowne, 1699; Andrew Hamilton, 1699; West y^rj-ify^Commissioners, 1676; Edward Byl- linge, 1679; Samuel Jennings, 1679; Thomas Olive, 1684; John Skene, 1685; Daniel Coxe, 1687; Edward Hun- loke, 1690; Society of Proprietors, 1691; Andrew Hamil- ton, 1692; Jeremiah Basse, 1697; Andrew Hamilton, 1690, Province of New Jersey under the English govern- ment: Lord Cornbury, 1702; Lord Lovelace, 1708; Rich- ard Ingoldsby, 1709; Robert Hunter, 1710; William Burnet, 1720; John Montgomerie, 1728; Lewis Morris, 1731; William Cosby, 1732; John Anderson, 1736; John Hamilton, 1736; Lewis Morris, 1738; John Hamilton, 1746; John Reading, 1746; Jonathan Belcher, 1747; John Reading, 1757; Francis Bernard, 1758; Thomas Boone, 1760; Josiah Hardy, 1761; William T. Franklin, 1763. Governors of the State: William Livingston, 1776; William Paterson, 1791; Richard Howell, 1794; Joseph Bloomfield, 1801; John Lambert, 1802; Joseph Bloom- field, 1803; Aaron Ogden, 1812; William S. Pennington, 1813; Mahlon Dickerson, 18 [5; Isaac H. Williamson, 1817; Peter D. Vroom jr., 1829; Elias P. Seeley, 1832; Peter D. Vroom, 1833; Philemon Dickerson, 1836; Wil- liam Pennington, 1837; Daniel Haines, 1843; Charles C. Stratton, 1844; Daniel Haines, 1848; George F. Fort, 1851; Rodman M. Price, 1854; William A. Newell, 1857; Charles S Olden, i860; Joel Parker, 1863; Marcus L. Ward, 1866; Theodore F. Randolph, 1869; Joel Parker, 1872; Joseph D. Bedle, 1875; George B. McClellan, 1878; George C. Ludlow, 1881. CHAPTER VL MINERAL RESOURCES — INDUSTRIES — CANALS AND RAIL- ROADS — POPULATION. 'EW JERSEY is rich in mineral deposits. Among the best mines of zinc in the United States are those of Sussex county, which have been long and extensively worked. Copper is also found in several places. As early as [719 a mine was discovered in Morris county lat had evidently been worked by the early Dutch settlers. Iron is the most important mineral in the State. It is found in the counties of Morris, Sussex, Warren, Passaic, Hunterdon and elsewhere. In Morris county mines were worked as early as 1685, and there are mines in the State that have been worked for a cen- tury and a half and that still are productive. A smaller proportion of the ore mined in this State is smelted here than formerly. As facilities for transportation have in- creased larger and larger quantities have been taken away, especially to the coal producing regions. Many hundred thousand tons are annually produced. In Monmouth county there was a smelting furnace and forge as early as 1682, and what was then a large business was carried on. Space will not permit an account in detail of the mines that have been worked or of the furnaces and mills that have been established in the State. The value of the ore mined and of the iron produced amounts to many millions of dollars annually. The surroundings of New Jersey have greatly influenced the character of its industries, as in the case of other regions. In early times its agriculture was similar to that of the first settlements elsewhere; but as time went on, and the cities of New York and Philadelphia increased in size and the facilities for transportation to these cities became greater, the productions of the soil were gradu- ally changed to meet the demands in these cities, till New Jersey has come to be not inappropriately termed the " market garden of New York and Philadelphia." The cultivation of small fruits has within a comparatively recent period become an important industry in many lo- calities, and the sterile soil in some of the lower counties has been made productive by the use of fertilizers, par- ticularly of the marl which abounds along the coast. At an early period only such manufactures were en- gaged in as were necessary to supply the wants of the settlers. Saw-mills, grist-mills and clothieries of course sprang up in all settled parts of the State. The excel- lent water power furnished by the streams, the natural facilities for transportation existing here, and the exist- ence of an abundance of raw material led to the estab- lishment of different kinds of manufactories in various localities before the commencement of the present cen- tury. The introduction of steam as a motor, and the increase of facilities for bringing hither material and carrying away manufactured products, led to the establishment of other branches of manufactures and the extension of those already existing; and as time went on and the population of the State increased manufacturing inter- ests assumed a constantly increasing importance, till New Jersey has become one of the most important manufacturing States in the Union. It may reasonably be predicted that, with the advantages of location and facilities for transportation possessed by New Jersey, it will maintaifi its position in the front rank among manu- facturing States. Of the many canals which have been chartered by the State the principal were the Morris and the Delaware and Raritan. The former was chartered in 1824 and was completed between Phillipsburg and Jer- sey City in 1836, connecting the waters of the Hudson and Delaware rivers. The Delaware and Raritan was finally chartered in 1830, and the canal was completed i6 OUTLINE HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. between Bordentown, on the Delaware, and New Bruns- wick, on the Raritan, in 1834. As early as 181,5 ^ railroad, either of wood or iron," was chartered from the Delaware river near Trenton to the Raritan near New Brunswick. This was the first rail- road chartered in America. It was never built. The Camden and Amboy Railroad Company was char- tered in 1830, and in 1831 was consolidated with the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company. The first train of cats passed over its entire length in 1833. By reason of the proximity of New Jersey to the great commercial metropolis of the country the railroad system of the State has grown to far greater proportions than that of many States. There are now within its limits nearly two thousand miles of railroad. The rapid growth of the city of New York has come to exert a potent influence on the portions of New Jersey contiguous thereto. The numerous lines of railroad thai diverge from points on the Hudson river opposite to that city afford to people engaged in business there such facilities for quick transit that thousands of such have their residences along these avenues of travel, and pass daily to and from the city. It is not extravagance to look forward to a time when the entire region for many miles from New York will become practically a part of that city. Seaside summer resorts have sprung up at various points along the coast, and these too are annually in- creasing in number and importance. Anticipations which may at first be considered wild can also reasonably be entertained concerning these. The population of the State by counties in 1880 was as follows: Atlantic 18,706 Bergen 36,79c Burlington S5.403 .Camden 62,941 Cape May 9,765 Cumberland 37)694 Essex 189,81.9 Gloucester 25,886 Hudson 1 87,950 Hunterdon 38,568 Mercer 58,058 Middlesex 52,286 Monmouth 5S>S3S Morris 50,867 Ocean 14.455 Passaic 68,716 Salem 24,580 Somerset 27,161 Sussex 23,553 Union 55,57i Warren 36,588 Total 1,130,892 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY By Hon. Edmund D. Halsey. CHAPTER I. THE INDIANS IN POSSESSION — EARLY BOUNDARY LINES — THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS. EFORE the year 1700 the territory now called Morris county was probably in the undis- turbed possession of the Indians. During the times of the Dutch supremacy in New York people of that nationality had settled upon the flat lands bordering on the Hudson and spread themselves northward into the coun- ty of Bergen. After 1664 the English from Long Island and New England, by way of Elizabethtown and Milford, as Newark was then called, began to dispute with the Hollanders the settlement of the eastern part of the State. The English, Quakers, Swedes and Dutch had become established upon the Delaware and were commencing to look inland; but there is no evidence that an actual set- tler had as yet disturbed the aborigines in their posses- sion of the unbroken wilderness which extended from Orange Mountain to the " Great Pond." So distinct were the settlements upon the Hudson and the Delaware that their separation into East and West Jersey, so sin- gular to us now, was a natural one. The line between the two divisions, described as a " streight lyne from the said Creeke called Barnegat to a certaine Creeke in Delaware River next adjoyneing to and below a certaine Creeke in Delaware River called Rankokus Kill, and from thence up the said Delaware to ye northermost branch thereof, which is in fforty-one degrees and fforty minutes of Latitude," was a fruitful source of dispute. In 1687 Keith, the surveyor-general of East Jersey, ran this line from Little Egg Harbor as far as the south branch of the Raritan, but it was deemed by the West Jersey proprietors too far west, and they objected to its continuance any farther. On September 5th 1688 Governors Coxe and Barclay, repre- senting the opposite sides, stipulated that the line should be extended to the north branch of the Raritan, near Lamington Falls; thence up the river to its rise on Suc- casunna Plains, and from there to the " nearest part of Passaic River;" thence up the Passaic and Pequannock to the 41st degree north latitude, and thence due east to the partition point on the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York. This line passed about five miles north of Morristown, and seemed to be regarded as the division line, but not invariably or for any length of time. The line run by John Lawrence in 1743, which passes through Budd's Lake (the " ninety-three mile tree " standing just north of the lake), was finally settted upon as the true one; but until after the Revolution the pro- prietors of West Jersey claimed to the compromise line of Coxe and Barclay, or to a line running from Barnega:t Inlet to Port Jervis, and the proprietors of East Jersey claimed to the line of Keith, continued to the Delaware. John Barclay, Arthur Forbes and Gawen Lawrie, writ- ing to the Scots proprietors March 29th 1684, say : "We cannot positively answer, to give an account of the whole length and breadth of the province. But we are informed that it is a great deal broader than ye expected, for those who have traveled from the extent of our bounds on Hudson River straight over to the Delaware River say it is 100 miles or upwards. We shall know that certainly after a while, for the line betwixt us and New York is to be run straight over to Delaware River, about three weeks hence, and after that the line betwixt us and West Jer- sey; after which we shall be able to give a true account of the bounds of that province. * * * There are also hills up in the country, but how much ground they take up we know not; they are said to be stony, and cov- ered with wood, and beyond them is said to be excellent land." Endeavoring to give as flattering an account as they could of the settlements in the province and their extent, in their reports to their friends in the old country, no mention is made of any nearer Morris county than Newark. As late as January 21st' 1707 the Legislature passed i8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. an act defining the boundaries of the then nine counties of the State, and exhibited an ignorance of the geography of the upper portion of the State only to be accounted for by the fact that that region was uninhabited except by Indians and wandering hunters. The bounds of Essex county ran up the "Rahway River to Robeson's branch; thence west to the division hne between the Eastern and Western division aforesaid, and so to follow the said di- vision line to Pequaneck River, where it meets Passaick River; thence down Passaick River to the bay and sound." The lines of Burlington county followed the same par- tition line " to the northernmost and uttermost bounds of the township of Am well; thence by the same to the River Delaware;" thence down the Delaware to the place of beginning. This arrangement placed part of Morris county in Essex and part in Burlington. The division line referred to was evidently the Coxe and Barclay line, as Keith's division line of 1687 or its continuation did not run within miles of the Pequannock or any of its trib- utaries. Lawrence's line, still farther to the east, inter- sected only the head waters of the Walkill. March tith 1713-14 all the upper part "of the said Western Division of the province of New Jersey lying northward of, or situate above, the brook or rivulet com- monly called Assanpink" was created a county, to be called Hunterdon. The Indians who inhabited northern New Jersey at the time of the first settlement by the whites were the Lenapes or Delawares, who are treated of on page 7. The Minsi tribe, called by the English Muncys, extended from the Minisink, on the Delaware, where they held their council seat, to the Hudson on the east, to the head of the Sus- quehanna and Delaware rivers on the north, and on the south to the Musconetcong and Lehigh hills. Tribes of the Iroquois or Mengwe also roamed through the country at will. The different tribes of these Indians were often called by the whites after the Indian names of the rivers along which they dwelt. Hence we have the Whip- panongs, the Pomptons, the Rockawacks, the Parsippa- nongs, the Minisinks, the Musconetcongs. A very favor- ite place with these aboriginal tribes was the Great Pond, now called Lake Hopatcong; and the traces of their sojourn there are treated of in the history of Jeffer- son township. The Indians who inhabited this region appear to have been very peaceably disposed, as there are no records or traditions of any fights or massacres with or by them, and no settler appears to have been disturbed by them. The scene of Tom Quick's wonderful adventures is laid far- ther west and north, on the head waters of the Delaware. The aborigines lingered in the neighborhood until the middle of the eighteenth century, when they seem to have finally disappeared from the coi^nty, but not from the State. As late as 1832 an act was passed authorizing the purchase, from the Delaware Indians who had removed from this State to Michigan, of all their rights in all the territory of New Jersey. The Indian paths from one lake to another or from the seashore westward were the first roads of the county, and are often referred to in old deeds and land titles. The Pequannock valley was one of their traveling routes, as there was a path, called the Minisink path, running through "the Notch," crossing the Passaic at Little Falls, thence passing along the foot of the hills to Pompton and so up the Pequannock river toward the Delaware. The first actual settlement by the whites was probably in the northeastern part of the county, near Pompton Plains. On the 6th of June 1695 Arent Schuyler, in be- half of himself and his associates. Major Anthony Brock- hoist, Samuel Byard, George Ryerson, John Mead, Sam- uel Berrie, David Mandeville, and Hendrick Mandeville, purchased from the Indians all the territory lying between the Passaic on the south, the Pompton on the north, and between the foot of the hills on the east and on the west; and in November of that year purchased 5,500 acres ly- ing east of the Pequannock river, of the proprietors of East New Jersey. The next year Schuyler, Brock- hoist and Byard purchased a tract of 1,500 acres or there- abouts, and other lands, on the west side of the river, including all the present Pompton Plains. The houses of these men, so far as can be ascertained, were built upon their first purchase, east of the river; but it is alto- gether probable that in 1700 settlers had begun to make improvements on the purchase of 1696 in Morris county. If this be the case the honor of the first settlement of the county is due to the Dutch. Following closely upon the heels of the Pompton Plains settlers the New Englanders, who had located along the Passaic, extended their boundaries to the west and entered Morris county by way of Caldwell and I^iv- ingston. Passing the extensive Troy meadows, then no doubt a dense swamp covered with a growth of original forest timber, they were attracted by the high lands of Hanover and Whippany. In the "History of the Han- over Presbyterian Church," written by the Rev. Jacob Green in 1767, when there were many alive who were eye witnesses of the events he recorded, it is stated that " about the year 17 10 a few families removed from New- ark and Elizabeth, etc., and settled on the west side of the Passaic river, in that which is nov/ Morris county. Not long after the settlers erected a house for the public worship of God on the bank of the Whippanong river, about one hundred rods below the forge which is and has long been known by the name of the Old Iron Works." This fact indicates the character of the.se first settlers, and that they had not forgotten the cause which brought them or their fathers over the water. September 2nd 1718 a deed was made for this church lot by "John Richards, of Whippanong, in the county of Hunterdon, schoolmaster." The land is said to be situated in the " township of Whippanong, on that part called Percip- ponong, on the northwestward side of Whippanong river "; and the land was to be for "public use, improve- ment and benefit for a meeting-house, burying yard and training field and such like uses, and no other." In the records of Hunterdon county no mention is made of any township but Hanover within the present bounds of Morris county; and it is to be presumed that THE PIONEERS. 19 the settlement of Hanover gave name to the whole region, and that the county was comprised in one township, whose western boundaries were of the most vague' description. From Hanover or Whippany the settlers moved westward to Morristown, called at first New Han- over. Passing up the Basking Ridge neighborhood, which does not appear to have been occupied by actual settlers before about 1720, we come to the high lands of the southwest part of the county, which were peopled from the west. The renunciation of Protestantism in 1697 by Frederick Augustus, elector of Saxony, made it so un- comfortable at home for many of his subjects that in 1705 they determined to leave their country. They went first to Neuwied, in Prussia, then to Holland, and in 1707 sailed for America, expecting to join the Dutch in New York. Carried south by adverse winds they entered the Delaware instead of the Hudson, and landed in Philadelphia. Determined still to join the Dutch settlements in New York they crossed the Delaware near Lambertville, and commenced their march across the State. But when they arrived at German Valley, and saw the goodness of the land and the beauty of its sur- rounding hills, they abandoned their original purpose and began to make a home for themselves where their de- scendants still live. In 1 7 13 James Wills, an Englishman, bought of the proprietors of East Jersey a large tract of land of what is now called Ralstonville, west of Mendham, and the actual settlement of the Mendham neighborhood proba- bly soon followed. In the same year the site of the vil- lage of Chester is said to have been laid out in lots for settlement. Thus from opposite sides, under different auspices and by men of different nationalities, the work of subduing the wilderness was begun. The energy and perseverance of these first settlers made rapid progress in the work of clearing up the forests, and bringing the soil under cul- tivation and developing the wealth of the country. These pioneers kept pressing forward until within a few years they met in the center of the county, and what had been in 1707 almost an unknown country had become in 1725 explored and dotted with hamlets. The roads were still but bridle-paths and the houses were of logs; but the wants of the people were few and easily supplied. The streams were stocked with fish, and game of every kind was abundant. The first colonists in Morris had neither the sterile soil nor the cold climate of New Eng- land nor the malaria of the southern seaboard to contend with; and both by immigration and by natural increase the county grew wonderfully in numbers. From 1710 to 1715 the proprietors of West New Jer- sey, attracted by the richness of this new country, began to allot to themselves large tracts of its land. William Penn, John Reading, William Biddle, John Kays and otjiers took up in this way tracts of 1,200 acres and more at^a time, on West Jersey right, as far east as Morris- town. These locations do not appear to have extended further north than Budd's Lake, Dover and Rockaway Valley, the country north of these places seeming to these early speculators too forbidding and unpromising for their purposes. Titles to lands in this region are de- rived from locations on East Jersey right, after the divis- ion line had become more definitely settled; and of these locations the first were small, covering the streams, natural meadows and smooth land. They were made by actual settlers, who could not afford to purchase the surrounding rough hills, the mineral wealth of which was entirely unknown to them. Timber then was too plenti- ful to be desired, and it was not till after the Revolution- ary war that the hills were thought worth purchasing for the wood which covered them. The first location in the northern part of Jefferson and Rockaway townships was to John Davenport, in 1750, of 210 acres near Petersburg. Earlier than this by five years was the " Nevil tract," which extended from Berk- shire Valley only to Longwood and was the first in that neighborhood. In 1722 the settlements in Morris county had grown sufficiently to be thought worthy of the honor of bearing a part of the burden of government, and in the minutes of the Hunterdon county court of June sth of that year is this entry: " Whereas there is no assessor returned to this court to serve for the inhabitants of the township of Hanover, it is therefore ordered by the court that Elisha Bird serve assessor for the said township of Hanover for the ensuing year, to assess the tax to be levied upon the said inhabitants towards the support of his Majestie's government; and it is hereby ordered accordingly." The next year all the township officers were appointed by the court, and we see among them names from all sec- tions of the county. John Hayward and Samuel Vander- book were to serve as '" Comishoner of the Highways," Benjamin Hathaway and Morris Morrison were appointed constables, and James Hayward, Abraham Vandine and Benjamin Beach were to be the overseers of the highways and John Bigelow was to be collector for the township of Hanover. At this same court it was ordered that the commission- ers of Amwell and Hopewell attend those of Hanover " in order to lay out a road from Amwell to Hanover thorow the Western Division, betwixt this and the next court, and to meet at Mr. John Reading's the first day of October next for that purpose." In 1724 we find the names of Samuel Potter, William Shores and Abraham Vandine as town officers, and March r4th 1725 there were appointed for Hanover as freehold- ers Jonathan Gilbert and Abraham Vandine; as commis- sioners, John Cortland and Thomas Huntingdon; as overseers of highways, Joseph Lindly and Daniel Goble; as collector John Lyon, and as assessor Jonathan Gil- bert. The earliest town meeting of which we have any ac- count was that of March 14th 1726-7, and the record of it is as follows: "It being the General Town Meeting appointed by Law for Electing their Town Officers, and the Inhabitants of our Said County being met on that acct., proceeded to chose as follows: John 20 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Morehouse asessor for ye Govener Tax, Joseph Lindsley Collector, Morris Morrison and Joseph Coe Freeholders, Abraham Vandine and Jonathan Stiles commissioners for laying out roads, Benjamin Beach and Matthew Van Dine, Thomas Huntington, Nathaniel Cogswell and John Courter overseers of ye H'ghway, John Morehouse Town clerk." Three years afterward Ephraim Rue, Stephen Tuthill and Paulas Berry were appointed constables. In 1732-3 for the first time another township is men- tioned within the bounds of what was afterward the three counties of Morris, Sussex and Warren. At that date officers were nominated for Walpack township. In Oc- tober 1737 among the associate judges of Hunterdon county appears the name of Abraham Kitchel, grand- father of Aaron and Abraham Kitchel, afterward so prominent in the history of Morris county. Hunterdon county, with its county seat at Trenton, had at this time a population of 5,288 whites and 219 slaves, and of the aggregate it is likely that one-third only were within the boundaries of the northern section, which was about to be made into the new county. But there is evidence that these early settlers had become dissatisfied with their long journeyings to the distant court-house, and the .subject of a separation was being agitated. Though the population could have averaged hardly two persons to a square mile the measure was adopted, and in 1738 Morris county obtained a separate existence. CHAPTER II. THE FORMATION OF MORRIS COUNTY AND ITS DIVISION INTO TOWNSHIPS. HE act creating the county of Morris was passed by the Legislature March 15th 1738- 9. Colonel Lewis Morris was at the time governoi-, having been formally appointed in February 1738 and publishing his commis- ion and taking up the duties of the office August 29th. The act was introduced by John Embley, one of the members from Hunterdon, and seems to have met no opposition. Tiie name given the new county was in honor of the governor, who was the first governor of New Jersey distinct from New York, and one who had been largely instrumental in bringing about the separation from the sister colony. The act declared that " all and singular the lands and upper parts of the said Hunterdon county lying to the northward and eastward, situate and lying to the east- ward of a well known place in the county of Hunterdon, being a fall of water in part of the north branch of Raritan River, called in the Indian language or known by the name of Allamatonck, to the northeastward of the northeast end or part of the lands called the New Jersey Society lands, along the line thereof, crossing the south branch of the aforesaid Raritan River, and extending westerly to a certain tree, marked with the letters L. M., standing on the north side of a brook emptying itself into the said south branch, by an old Indian path to the northward of a line to be run northwest from the said tree to a branch of Delaware river called Muskonetkong, and so down the said branch to Delaware river, all which said lands being to the eastward, northward and north- eastward of the above said boundaries, be erected into a county; and is is hereby erected into a county, named and from henceforth to be called Moiris county, and the said bounds shall part and from henceforth separate and divide the same from the said Hunterdon county." The "Allamatonck " Falls were on what is now called the Black River, which formed the dividing line at that point between Hunterdon and Somerset, and not what is now called the north br;inch of the Raritan, which crosses the south line of Morris where the townships of Bedminster and Bernard, of Somerset county, corner. It will be seen that only a part of the southern boundary of the new county was fixed by this act, from the most southerly point of what is now Chester township, west. The line between the new county and Somerset remained uncertain until March 28th 1749, when the division line was fixed by act of Legislature, and directed to be as follows: "Beginning at a fall of water commonly called Allamatonck Falls, and also mentioned in the be- fore recited act; and from thence on a straight line, in a course east and by north as the compass now p( ints, to the main branch of Passaic River, and so down the said river as the before recited act directs; anything herein or in any other act to the contrary thereof notwithstanding. The territory thus described and made a new county included the present counties of Morris, Sussex and Warren. It comprised about 870,000 acres or some 1,360 square miles. It was considered as a part of West Jersey, though two-thirds at least of it was east of Law- rence's line of 1743. In the letter of transmittal of the act to the Duke of Newcastle, dated May 26th 1739, Governor Morris says: " Among the acts herewith sent there is one to erect the northern parts of Hunterdon county, in the western division, into a new county by the name of Morris county. Their having of representatives is suspended till his Majestie's pleasure is known on that head. If his Majes- tic should think fit to grant them that favour it will be adding two representatives to the western division more than the eastern has; but if his Majestie will give me leave to add two to the eastern division, in such place or places as I shall judge most propper, to make them equall (as by his instructions it seems to be intended they should be), such is the scituation of this new county that I am in hopes by the addition of these four mem- bers to put the support of the government upon a better and more certain footing than it is at present; & to get money rais'd for the building a house and conveniences of a governour's residence, sitting of Assemblyes &c all w'ch are very much wanting." ' Notwithstanding the recommendation of Governor Morris representatives were not allowed to the new FIRST TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES AND OFFICERS. 21 county, and May 22nd 1756 in the minutes of the As- sembly it appears that several petitions were presented to the house from the county of Morris, signed by 190 hands, setting forth " the hardships they labor under by having no members allowed to represent them in General Assembly; praying the Legislature to grant them the usual privileges as the other counties enjoy in being represented by two members in General Assembly for the future; which were read and ordered a second read- ing." It was not till the last colonial Legislature, which met in 1772, and till after Sussex county had been set off from Morris that representatives were received from this new county. These representatives were Jacob Ford and William Winds, both exceedingly prominent and active in the stirring scenes soon to be enacted. On the 25th of March 174c, one. year after the act was passed constituting the county, we have the record of the first court, which met at Morristown, previously called New Hanover, probably at the hotel of Jacob Ford, one of the judges. The names of the judges present the first day are not given, but on the next day, the 26th, to which they adjourned, there were present Messrs. John Budd, Jacob Ford, Abraham Kitchel, John Lindley jr.i Timothy Tuttle and Samuel Swezy. Their first business was to divide the new county into three townships. The minute of their proceedings is as follows: " March 25th MDCCXL. "General Sessions of the Peace. "The Court, taking into consideration the necessity of dividing the county of Morris into Proper Townships or Districts, for having proper officers within every such Township or District, and more especially for such of- ficers as are to act in concert with other Townships, we therefore order and Determine that from henceforth a certain Township, bounded on Pissaic River, Poquanock River to the lower ead of the great pond at the head thereof, and by Rockaway River and the west branch thereof to the head thereof, and thence cross to the lower end of said pond, and shall henceforth be called Poquanock Township, District or Precinct. "And that a certain road from the Bridge, by John Day's, up to the Place where the same road passes be- ■ tween Benjamin and Abraham Pierson's, and thence up the same road to the corner of Samuel Ford's fence, thence leaving Samuel Ford to the right hand, thence running up to the road that leads from the Old Iron Works towards Succasunning, and crossing Whippenung Bridge, and from thence to Succasunning, and from thence to the great pond on the head of Musconecung, do part the Township of Hanover from the Township of Morris; which part of the county of Morris. Lying as aforesaid, to the Southward and Westward of said roads, lines and places, is ordered by the Court to be and remain a Town- ship, District or Precinct, and to be called and distin- guished by the name of Morristown." These descriptions are absurdly indefinite in some respects, and impossible of identification in regard to some of the localities mentioned. But the general boundaries of the townships by modern landmarks were as follows: Pequannock township included the territory bounded north by the river of that name, south by the Rockaway River and west by Lake Hopatcong. Han- over township was bounded north by the Rockaway River, east by the Passaic River and south by a road passing through the present township of Chatham near the village of Madison, and so to and along the road which forms the present boundary between Morris and Hanover to the present Randolph line, and by a line thence across the mountains to Succasunna Plains, and from there to the lower end of Lake Hopatcong, where all the townships met. Morris township included all the rest of the county. The first township officers were appointed by the county court, and were as follows : For Morris township — Zechariah Fairchild, " town dark and town bookkeeper;" Matthew Lum, assessor; Jacob Ford, collector; Abraham Hathaway and Joseph Coe jr., freeholders; Benjamin Hathaway and Jona Osborne, overseers of the poor; Joseph Briddin and Daniel Lindsly. surveyors of the highways; Stephen Free- man and John Lindsley, Esq., overseers of the highways; Isaac Whitehead, Alexander Ackerman and William Day- less, constables. For Pequannock township — Robert Gold, " town dark and town bookkeeper;" Garret Debough, assessor; Isaac Vandine, Esq., collector; Robert Gold and Frederick Temont (De Mouth?), freeholders; Matthew Vandine and Nicholas Hiler, overseers of the poor; Henderick Mor- rison and Giles Manderfield, overseers of the highways; John Davenport, constable. For Hanover township — Timothy Tuttle, Esq., town clerk and town bookkeeper; David Wheeler, assessor; Caleb Ball, collector; Joseph Tuttle and Caleb Ball, freeholders; John Kinney and Jonathan Stiles, overseers of the poor; John Kinney and Samuel Ford, surveyors of the highways; Paul Leonard, Robert Young, Benjamin Shipman and Edward Crane, overseers of the highways; Joseph Herriraan and Stephen Ward, constables. Most of these names are still familiar in these town- ships and among these officers will be recognized the ancestors of many of the present generation. It is well in this connection to follow out the subse- quent changes in these townships up to the present time. December 24th 1740 the township of Roxbury was- formed from the township of Morris. This action of the court is thus set forth in their minutes: " A peticion to the Court from Sundry of the inhabit- ance of the Southwesterly part of this County of Morris, Praying they may be made a Township for several causes therein set forth, the Court grants there Petition and Bounds same Township, to be called henceforth Rox-. berry, from the bounds of Summerset County, thence up the River commonly called Pesack, and up the same in- cluding the same to that Branch or part thereof called Indian River, and thence Northerly and Westerly by the bounds of hanover to the Grate Pond; thence down by the same and Musconitcung to the Bounds of the County; thence by the Bounds of Hunterdon County, Essex and Summerset to the Place first mentioned." It is quite impossible to define exactly the limits of the township thus vaguely described, but it evidently in- cluded all the present townships of Washington, Mount Olive and Chester, and part of Mendham, Randolph and Roxbury, " Indian River " being what is now called the north branch of the Raritan. The next year Wallpack township is mentioned and officers appointed for it, and on March 23d 1741-2 there 22 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. is the following quaint entry in regard to another town- ship of the region afterward known as Sussex: " Whereas the Court is informed that in time Past, before the Divis- ion of the County of Hunterdon, Grinnage Township was set apart and bounded on Dillaware river from Mus- conecung to Powlins Kill, being the bounds of Wallpack Township, be and remain from hence forth a Township or District by the name of Grinnage Township." March 29th 1749 Mendham township was created by the court, their action being recorded as follows: " A Petition From Sundry of the Westerly part of the inhabitants of the Townships of Morris and Hanover and Sunderie of the Easterly Part of the Inhabitants of Roxbury To This Court, praying that they may be made a Township or proccuts [precinct ?] for Sevrall Causes therein Sett forth. The Court upon Reading the same grants them their Petition and Bounds said Township as followeth: Beginning at Pasiak River, at the South Cor- ner of Henry Wick's Land, and from thence a straight Line to the Contry Road Between Ezra Halsey's and Stephen Lyon's Land; thence a Straight Line to the Mouth of Robert Young's Meddow Brook, up Rockaway River to the Uper end of Spruce Island in said River; thence to a River commonly called and known by the name of Black River, the nighest to Suckasona mine; thence down the same till an East point will strike the head spring of the Most Westerly Branch of Dorson's Bfpok, which is near the house where Sam'l Pitdney Lately Dwelt; and Down, the Stream issuing from said Spring till it comes to the Road Between James Wills and Noah Rude; from thence ten chain to the post of Joseph Casen's new dwelling house; from thence South to the Lines Between the County of Somersett and Mor- ris, and thence along said Line to pasiak River and by said River to the bounds first mentioned; and to be from hence forth called Mendham." This included not only the present township of Mend- ham but also Randolph, and nearly all of Chester. June 8th 1753 the act of the Legislature was passed which took from Morris county the territory west of the Musconet'^ong river. Lake Hopatcong and a line drawn northwest from the head of the " Great Pond," and formed it into the county of Sussex. The boundaries of Morris have remained unchanged since that time. There were in the new county the townships of Grinnage, Wallpack, Hardwick and New Town. In the old county were the five townships of Pequannock, Hanover, Mor- ris, Mendham and Roxbury; and for forty-five years there were but these five in Morris. The subsequent alterations are to be found in the laws of the State. Washington township was formed February 12th 1798, Chester township January 29th 1799, Jefferson town- ship February nth 1804, Randolph November 13th 1805, Chatham February 12th 1806, Rockaway March 5th 1844, Passaic March 23d 1866, Boonton and Montville April nth 1867, and Mount Olive March 22nd 1871. Changes were made in the township lines as follows: Between Randolph and Chester in 1806, between Ran- dolph and Pequannock in 1831, between Washington and Chester in 1840 and 1853, between Washington and Rox- bury in 1858 and 1859, and between Morris and Passaic in 1867. From the time of its separation from Hunterdon Morris county grew rapidly. In 1745 it had a population of 4,436, and seven years before the whole county of Hunterdon had but 5,570. In 1765, in a "short geographical description of the province," by Samuel Smith, the first historian of the State, the county was said to be populous for a " late set- tled county." " They raise grain and cattle chiefly, for New York market, and cut large quantities of timber of various sorts for exportation. In this county resides Peter Kemble, Esq., president of the Council. The places for worship in this county are — Presbyterians nine, Lutherans one. Anabaptists one, Quakers one, Separa- tists one, Rogerines one." In the thirty-five years between 1740 and 1775 the face of the country greatly changed. Instead of a few vil- lages (at Pompton, Whippany, Morristown, German Val- ley, Chester, Dover and Rockaway) the whole county had been opened up by actual settlers. Furnaces and a slitting-mill had been built. Forges, grist-mills and saw-mills were on all the streams, and every considerable fall of water turned a wheel of some kind. Only the roughest hills and the large lakes or little " gores " of land overlooked by the surveyor were left to the pro- prietors. No census was taken, or if taken has been pre- served, for the years immmediately preceding the war; but it seems probable that the population was not less than 10,000 at that time. They were an independent, self-sustaining people, raising their own bread, and manu- facturing all that their wants required. No county in the State was better prepared to be thrown upon its own re- sources, and it was owing quite as much to the character of the people as to its situation and natural defenses that during the eight years' struggle which was to follow no force of the enemy entered its bounds except as prisoners of war. The population of the county at the various census dates has been as follows: 1745, 4,436; 179c, 16,216; 1800, 17,750; 1810, 21.828; 1820, 21,368; 1830, 23,580; 1840, 25,861; 1850, 30,173; 1860,34,678 (680 colored); 1870,43,161 (742 colored); 1875,49,019(788 colored); 1880, 50,867. CHAPTER IIL THE PRELUDE TO THE REVOLUTION — PATRIOT LEADERS OF MORRIS COUNTY. N quick apprehension of and sturdy resistance to the tyrannical measures of the home gov- ernment which produced the Revolution, the people of New Jersey were in no way behind the other colonists. Though not so immediately injured by all the measures taken by the British ministry to repress their uneasy sub- jects, they were not slow to perceive that the cause was a common one, and that their only hope of success was in united resistance. The Legislature of 1772 consisted kEVOLUTtONARV LEADERS AND SENTIMENTS. of a House of Assembly, elected by and sympathizing wih the people, and a Privy Council, whose members owed their appointment to Governor Franklin, whose tastes were aristocratic and their sympathies altogether with the king.. In this Assembly Jacob Ford and William Winds represented Morris county. While the governor and Council could prevent the passage of a law in aid of the popular movement and the appointing of dele- gates to a General Congress who could be said to be ap- pointed by the Legislature of the State, the action of the Assembly alone was regarded by the people as their action and its recommendations were observed as laws. February 8th 1774 the Assembly appointed nine of its members a standing committee of correspondence, and requested them to place the resolutions appointing them before the assemblies of the other colonies. On the nth day of J.une 1774 a meeting of the free- holders and inhabitants of Essex county was held at Newark, and resolutions were adopted calling upon the other counties to hold similar meetings and to appoint committees who should meet in a State convention to appoint delegates to a General Congress of deputies to be sent from each of the colonies, to form a general plan of union, and pledging their support and adherence to such plan when adopted. This call met a ready response from the other counties. The minds of all the citizens of the province seemed to have been prepared for the step, and their thoughts only required this example to take form. In accordance with this movement "a respectable body of freeholders and inhabitants " of the county of Morris met at the court-house in Morristown on Monday June 27th 1774. Jacob Ford acted as chairman and the following resolutions were adopted: " ist — That George the Third is lawful and rightful king of Great Britain and all other his dominions and countries; and that as part of his dominions it is our duty not only to render unto him true faith and obedi- ence, but also with our lives and fortunes to support and maintain the just dependence of these his colonies upon the crown of Great Britain. " 2n^. — That it is our wish and desire, and we esteem it our greatest happiness and security, to be governed by the laws of Great Britain, and that we will always cheer- fully submit to them as far as can be done consistently with the constitutional liberties and privileges of free- born Englishmen. " ^d. — That the late acts of Parliament for imposing taxes for the purpose of raising a revenue in America are oppressive and arbitrary, calculated to disturb the minds and alienate the affections of the colonists from the mother country, are replete with ruin to both; and consequently that the authors and promoters of said acts, or of such doctrines of the right of taxing America being in the Parliament of Great Britain, are and should be deemed enemies to our king and happy constitution. " 4t/i. — That it is the opinion of this meeting that the act of Parliament for shutting up the port of Boston is unconstitutional, injurious in its principles to the general cause of American freedom, particularly oppressive to the inhabitants of that town, and that therefore the people of Boston are considered by us as suffering in the general cause of America. "5M. — That unanimity and firmness in the colonies are the most effectual means to relieve our suffering brethren at Boston, to avert the dangers justly to be ap- prehended from that alarming act commonly styled the Boston Port Bill, and to secure the invaded rights and privileges of America. " 6//i. — That it is our opinion that an agreement be- tween the colonies not to purchase or use any articles imported from Great Britain or from the East Indies, under such restrictions as may be agreed upon by the General Congress hereafter to be appointed by the colon- ies, would be of service in procuring a repeal of those acts. " yik. — That we will most cheerfully join our brethren of the other counties in this province in promoting an union of the colonies by forming a General Congress of deputies to be sent from each of the colonies; and do now declare ourselves ready to send a committee to meet with those from the other counties at such time and place as by them may be agreed upon, in order to elect proper persons to represent this province in the said Con- gress. " 8(A. — That it is the request of this meeting that the county committees, when met for the purposes aforesaid, do take into their serious consideration the propriety of setting on foot a subscription for the benefit of the sufferers at Boston under the Boston Port Bill above mentioned, and the money arising from such subscriptions to be laid out as the committees so met shall think will best answer the ends proposed. " 9M. — That we will faithfully adhere to such regula- tions and restrictions as shall by the members of said Congress be agreed upon and judged most expedient for avoiding the calamities and procuring the benefits in- tended in the foregoing resolves. " lot/i. — It is our request that the committee hereafter named do correspond and consult with such other com- mittees as shall be appointed by the other counties in this province, and particularly that they meet with the said county committee in order to elect and appoint deputies to represent this province in a General Con- gress. " iif/i. — We do hereby desire the following gentlemen to accept of that important trust, and accordingly do ap- point them our committee for the purposes aforesaid: Jacob Ford, William Winds, Abraham Ogden, William De Hart, Samuel Tuthill, Jonathan Stiles, John Carle, Philip V. Cortland and Samuel Ogden, Esquires." The committee appointed at this meeting was selected from all parts of the county, and its members were lead- ing men in the community. Jacob Ford was the son of John Ford, of Woodbridge, N. J., and was born at the latter place in 1704. He was one of the pioneers in the iron business of New Jersey, and from the year 1738, when we find him applying to keep an inn in " New Hanover," until his death, which occurred January 19th 1777, his name is frequently met in the public records and his influence was widely felt. He was no doubt the leading man in Morristown, keeping a store from which not only the community about him but his many employes in his different forges drew sup- plies. The first court, of which he was a member, met at his house, and " Washington's Headquarters " v/as built by him, probably in 1774, though his son Colonel Jacob Ford jr. resided there at the time of his death When made a delegate to the Provincial Congress he was an old man, and his son and namesake was succeeding him in his business and in his place in public regard. ttlSTOkY OP MORRIS COUNTY. Unfortunately the son died a few days before his fathier. General William Winds was in many respects a remark- able man. He was born in Southold, Long Island, in the year 1727 or 1728. Early in life he removed to New Jersey and settled near Dover, on the farm which he afterward willed to the Rockaway church, to which he was much attached. The car shops of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad are built upon a part of this farm, and not far from where the mansion house stood. He was a man of great physical powers, tremen- dous voice, strong will and indomitable courage. Very impulsive, he was calculated to be a leader and foremost in every popular movement. He is said to have borne a commission in the French war in a New Jersey com- piahy. As colonel of the ist regiment ist establishment in the continental army, and as brigadier general of militia, he acquitted himself with honor, and the name of no other of our Revolutionary heroes has been so much honored as his by both his own and succeeding genera- tions. A very interesting sketch of his life was read be fore the New Jersey Historical Society by Dr. Tuttle in 1853, and published in its proceedings, to which we must refer for a more detailed account of this ardent patriot. General Winds died October 12th 1789, and is buried in the Rockaway cemetery, where his monument rn'ay be seen. Abraham Ogden and Samuel Ogden were brothers, and sons of Judge David Ogden, of Newark, who graduated at Yale in 1728 and became one of the judges of the supreme court of this State. When the war broke out he espoused the side of the king and became a distinguished loyalist. One son, Isaac, sided with his father, and his interest in the old Boonton property was accordingly Confiscated and sold to his brother by the commissioners. Abraham and Samuel were active and ardent patriots. The former was a distinguished lawyer, and said to have had no equal before a jury. He was appointed surrogate for Morris in 1768. After the war he returned to Newark, was United States district attorney in Wash- ington's administration, was a member of the Legislature in 1790, and died suddenly in 1798, upward of sixty years of age. Samuel Ogden married a sister of Gov- ernor Morris, and lived at Old Boonton, where he was largely engaged in the iron business. He commanded a company of militia in the war. In 1805 he is described in a deed as being of Newark. He was the father of David B. Ogden, eminent at the bar, both in New Jersey and New York. William De Hart was a lawyer residing in Morristown, and one of its streets was afterward named after him. He was a son of Dr. Matthias De Hart, and had two brothers killed in the war. His name occurs frequently in the records of the court. He was licensed as attorney November ist 1767, and as counselor May 30th 1771. He was a major in the first battalion, first and second es- tablishments; afterward lieutenant-colonel of the second regiment continental army. He was born December 7th 1746, and died June i6th 1801. Samuel Tuthill was a prominent citizen of Morristown, a son-in-law of Jacob Ford sen., and after the war clerk of the county and judge of the county court. He lived on South street, at the corner of Pine, where James Wood afterward lived. Jonathan Stiles was one of the county judges and had been sheriff of the county. He also lived in Morristown. Jonathan Stiles, named as a township officer in 1726, probably father of the delegate, died in Morristown No- vember isth 1758, aged 80 years. John Carle was one of the county judges, and resided in the southern part of the county. He was an elder in the Basking Ridge church and a man much respected. Philip Van Cortland was probably from the neighbor- hood of Pompton, and his name appears as colonel of the 2nd regiment of Essex county, and in 1776 as colonel of a battalion in Heard's brigade. There was a man of the same name — a delegate to the Provincial Congress of New York — who entered the military service of the king^ and who in 1782 was major of the 3d battalion N.J. (loyal) volunteers. At the peace he went to Nova Scotia. The committees of the several counties met at New Brunswick July 21st, and appointed five of their members delegates to the General Congress, which met in Phila- delphia September 5th. This General Congress, after adopting various resolutions, and after a general inter- change of views, resolved that another General Congress should be held on the loth of May following, to which all the colonies were requested to send delegates. Del- egates for this convention were chosen by the Assembly of New Jersey for the province, that body being urged to take the responsibility of that action by the people of the several counties. The committee of correspondence, appointed in June 1774, after the adjournment of the General Congress in Philadelphia called a meeting of the citizens at Morris- town to endorse its action. The proceedings of this meeting, breathing the same spirit of resistance and ex- hibiting an appreciation on the part of the committee that their appointment was " by the people and for the people," were as follows: "At a meeting of the freeholders of the county of Morris, at Morristown, on Monday the 9th day of Janu- ary 1775, William Winds, Esq., chairman, the committee of correspondence for the county of Morris having pro- duced and read the association of the Continental Con- gress, the same was deliberately considered by the whole assembly and by them unanimously approved as a wise, prudent and constitutional mode of opposition to the late several tyrannical and oppressive acts of the British Parliament. Whereupon they unanimously determined strictly to abide by the same, and thanks to the delegates of this colony for their great attention to the rights and liberties of their constituents, and for the faithful dis- charge of the important trust reposed in them. "The assembly then unanimously agreed that the in- habitants of each several township in the county should meet, at their respective places of holding town meet- ings, on Monday the 23d day of January instant, at i o'clock in the afternoon, then and there respectively to choose (by those who are qualified to vote for repre- sentatives in the Legislature) a committee of observation. THE PATRIOT COMMITTEEMEN. 25 pursuant to and for the purposes expressed in the elev- enth article of the said association. After which the committee of correspondence declared to the assembly that they had thought proper to dissolve themselves, in order that their constituents might have an opportunity of a new choice, and that they were dissolved accord- ingly. Whereupon Jacob Ford, William Winds and Jonathan Stiles, Esquires, Messrs. Jacob Drake, Peter Dickerson and Ellis Cook, together with Samuel Tuthill, Dr. William Hart and Abraham Ogden, Esquires, were elected; and at the same time authorized to instruct the representatives of this county when convened in General Assembly to join in the appointment of delegates for this colony to meet in General Congress at Philadelphia; but if the said assembly should not appoint delegates for that purpose by the first day of April next, then the said committee of correspondence to meet with the several county committees of this colony and appoint the said delegates, at such time and place as shall be agreed upon by the said committees. " The assembly afterwards, taking into consideration the conduct of James Rivington, printer in New York, in publishing two certain pamphlets — the one entitled ' A Friendly Address,' &c., &c., the other under the signature of ' A. W. Farmer,' and several others — all containing many falsehoods, wickedly calculated to divide the colonies, to deceive the ignorant, and to cause a base submission to the unconstitutional measures of the British Parliament for enslaving the colonies, do unan- imously resolve that they esteem the said James Riving- ton an enemy to his country; and therefore that they will for the future refrain from taking his newspapers, and from all further commerce with him; and that by all lawful means in their power they will discourage the cir- culation of his papers in this county." John Carle and Philip Van Cortland were left off the new committee for some reason, and Jacob Drake and Peter Dickerson appointed in their places. Colonel Jacob Drake was one of the earliest settlers at Drakesville, where he located a large tract of land, on which he resided the remainder of his life, selling off portions as the county became more thickly settled. He was born in 1730 and was of a Virginia family. At the breaking out of the war he took at once a leading part. He is described as of handsome physique, quick and active in his movements and of very popular manners. He was colonel of the " western battalion " of Morris militia, and resigned his commission to represent the county in the first State Legislature. He died at Drakes ville, September 1823, aged 93 years. Colonel Drake's second wife was Esther Dickerson, daughter of Captain Peter Dickerson, of the continental army, and his asso- ciate on the committee. By her he had six children — Clarissa, wife of Dr. Ebenezer Woodruff; Jacob Drake jr., of Drakesville; Silas Drake, who removed to the west; Hon. George K. Drake, judge of the supreme court of New Jersey; Peter Drake, and Eliza, wife of Dr. Absalom Woodruff. Peter Dickerson, son of Thomas Dickerson, was born at Southoid, Long Island, in 1724, and came to New Jersey about 1741 and settled in Morris county. He was an ardent patriot and his house in Morristown was from the beginning of the difficulties with Great Britain a gathering place of those of kindred mind. He was a member pf the Provincial Congress of 1776, and was captain of the sth company of the 3d battalion first establishment continental army, and of the ist company 3d battalion second establishment, his men re-enlisting in a body. It is said that he paid all the expense of the equipment of this company out of his own pocket, and that the money he so advanced stands to his credit to- day in Washington, unpaid. He died May loth 1780, in the 56th year of his age, and is buried in the First Church burying ground in Morristown. By his first wife, Ruth Coe, he had eight children, one of whotn— Jonathan— was the father of Governor Mahlon Dicker- son, and another — Esther — married first George King, of Morristown, and afterward Colonel Jacob Drake. Who were chosen members of the several jtownship committees on January 23d cannot now be ascertained. It is only known that each township did elect such a committee. Matthias Burnet, Aaron Kitchel, David Biuen, Captain Stephen Day, Stephen Munson, Benja- min Howell and Captain James Keen were on the com- mittee for Hanover. The committee for Pequannock township was composed of Robert Gaston, Moses Tuttle, Stephen Jackson, Abraham Kitchel and Job Allen. David Thompson was chairman of the Mendham com- mittee. Each member of these committees exerted him- self -to obtain signatures to a form of association which pledged the signers to sustain the Provincial and Conti- nental Congresses, and none others were allowed to vote for delegates to the Congress of the province. The paper of Captain Stephen Jackson, with 172 signers, has been preserved and is printed in the " Revolutipnary Fragments " of Dr. Tuttle. While the committee for Hanover township is called a committee of safety and was in existence in February 1775, the form of the articles of association to which it was to obtain signa- tures was adopted by the Provincial Congress at its meeting on May 31st. . , This Provincial Congress, which met at Trenton May 23d 1775, and continued its session through June and August, met in response to a call made by a committee of correspondence, and, assuming thejpowers of govern- ment, supplanted the former Legislature. The members of the Assembly were many of them members of th,is Congress, and the meetings of one body were held during the adjournments of the other. The delegates from Morris county were appointed at a meeting pf ^he inhabitants held May ist. The proceedings pf this meeting and of the meeting of the delegates the next day show the progress that had been made in the work of revolution. They are as follows: " Pursuant to an appointment of a meetingof the free- holders and inhabitants of the county of Morris, agree- able to notice given by the former committee of corre- spondence, the said freeholders and inhabitants did meet accordingly on Monday the first day of May anno Domini 1775 — Jacob Ford, Esq., chairman; William De Hart, Esq., clerk — and came into the following votes and reso- lutions, to wit: " That delegates be chosen to represent the county of Morris, and that the said delegates be vested with the power of legislation, and that they raise men, money and arms for the common defense and point out tUe mode. 26 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. method and means of raising, appointing and paying the said men and officers, subject to the control and direction of the Provincial and Continental Congress; and that afterward they meet in Provincial Congress with such counties as shall send to the same jointly with them to levy taxes on the province, with full power of legislative authority, if they think proper to exercise the same, for the said province; and the said Provincial Congress be subject to the control of the grand Continental Congress. "And they proceeded to elect the following persons to be their delegates as aforesaid, to wit: William Winds, Esq., William De Hart, Esq., Silas Condict, Peter Dick- erson, Jacob Drake, KUis Cook, Jonathan Stiles, Esq., David Thompson, Esq., Abraham Kitchel. " And pursuant to the above appointment the said delegates met at the house of Captain Peter Dickerson at Morristown, in the county of Morris, on the first day of May 1775. Present: William Winds, Esc^^., Silas Con- dict, Peter Dickerson, Jacob Drake, Ellis Cook, Jona- than Stiles, Esq., David Thompson, Esq., Abraham Kitchel. William Winds, Esq., was unanimously chosen chairman. Archibald Dallas was appointed clerk. ' " Voted, unanimously, that any five of the delegates when met be a body of the whole, and do make a board, and that a majority of them so met should make a vote. " Voted, unanimously, that forces should be raised. " Then the delegates adjourned till to-morrow at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, to meet at the house of Captain Peter Dickerson, aforesaid." Having met pursuant to the adjournment the delegates voted that three hundred volunteers be recruited, to be equally divided into five companies, each to have a cap- tain and two lieutenants except the first two companies, which were to be commanded by two field officers. Wil- liam Winds was designated as colonel; William De Hart, major; Samuel Ball, Joseph Morris and Daniel Budd, captains; John Huntington, " captain-lieutenant " in the colonel's company, and Silas Howell ditto in the major's company. The captains were to appoint their lieuten- ants. It was ordered that the captains should discipline their men at the rate of one day every week till further orders, the times and places to be appointed by the captains. It was voted " that the said officers and men shall be paid as follows, viz.: Captains, seven shillings proclamation money per day;- first lieutenants, six shillings per day; second lieutenants, five shillings per day; sergeants, three shillings and six pence per day; private men, three shil- lings per day and found with provisions, arms and am- munition; and when only in discipline at home, the same wages and to find themselves; and their wages to be paid every two months." It was ordered that five hundred pounds of powder and a ton of lead be purchased and kept in a magazine, for the use of the new regiment, and William De Hart was appointed to make the purchase. It was voted " that the votes and resolves of this meeting shall be subject to the control of the Provincial and Continental Congresses, to take place after due notice being given to us by either of the said Congresses of their disapprobation of all or any of our proceedings; and the delegates, taking into consideration the unhappy circumstances of this country, do recommend to the in- habitants of this county capable of bearing arms to pro- vide themselves with arms and ammunition, to defend their country in case of any invasion. "Adjourned till the ninth day of this month, at 9 o'clock in the forenoon, to meet at the house of Captain Peter Dickerson, in Morristown." This resolution to raise three companies was antici- pating the first action of the Provincial Congress in re- gard to militia. On the 3d of June 1775 an act provid- ing a plan for regulating the militia of the colony was passed, directing that where companies and regiments were already formed and officers chosen and appointed the same were to be continued. The muster roll signed by recruits contained only the promise " to obey our officers in such service as they shall ai)point us, agreeable to the rules and orders of the Provincial Congress." Morris, county was to have two regiments and one battalion. Silas Condict, of Morristown, Ellis Cook, of Hanover, David Thompson, of Mendham, and Abraham Kitchel, of Pequannock, who were the new members of the Mor- ris county delegation, were men in every way worthy of the honor conferred upon them. Silas Condict was the son of Peter Condict, who came from Newark to Morristown about 1730 and lived first on the Doughty place, on Kimball avenue, and afterward in a house near the David Mills place. His son Silas was born March 7th 1738, and married first Phebe Day, and afterward Abigail Byram. He was a man of good education and fine ability, an active member and trustee in the Presbyterian church, and an ardent patriot. He was one of the committee of the Provincial Congress to draft the first constitution of the State, and was the repre- sentative of the county in the State council. He was a member of the council of safety in 1777-8, and in 1783 represented the State in the Continental Congress. He was twice appointed one of the judges of the county, and was eight times elected to the House of Assembly, of which body he was four times the speaker. He died September i8th i8oi, leaving but one descendant, a granddaughter, afterward the wife of Colonel Joseph Cutler, and the mother of Hon. Augustus W. Cutler. His nephew. Dr. Lewis Condict, son of Peter Condict jr., was a member of Congress from this State, and speaker of the House. Ellis Cook was a very prominent public man and maintained the respect and confidence of a large con- stituency,for many years. He was a member of the Coun- cil for three years, and of the House of Assembly for fourteen years. David Thompson was a devout elder in the Mendham Presbyterian church, and noted for his eloquence in prayer and faith in the ultimate success of the patriots. He said in one of the darkest hours of- the struggle: "We can look to Jehovah when all other refuges fail;" and his wife declared to the numerous soldiers she entertained without charge that " nothing was too good for the use of those who fight for our country." Thompson com- manded a company of militia in the war. Abraham Kitchel was a son of Joseph Kitchel, of Hanover, and a brothe'r of Hon. Aaron Kitchel, the mem- REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS— CONTINENTAL TROOPS. 27 ber of Congress and United States senator. He was born August 26th 1736, and in 1768 was one of the supporters of the Rockaway church, to which he continued to be- long until his death. He lived at first on the " back road " from Rockaway to Hibernia, in a log house near the stone house occupied after his death by his son James. He was a man of better education than was common among men of his day, of strong good sense, and of firm- ness amounting to obstinacy. He had great independ- ence of character and more than ordinary physical strength. He built the Mansion House at White Meadow, and occupied it until 1799, when he sold it and the lands about it to Bernard Smith. He died at Parsippany, Jan- uary nth 1807. •Of the military officers chosen, Cologel Winds, Major De Hart and Captains Morris and Howell soon found their way into the " regular army " of that day, and were officers in the ist battalion ist establishment of the con- tinental army — "Jersey Line." Joseph Morris was made captain of the first company in this ist establishment, November 8th 1775, and captain of the first company in the rst battalion 2nd establishment November 29th 1776. He was promoted to be major, and severely wounded at the battle of Germantown, October 4th 1777, and died from his wounds, January 7th 1778. Captain Silas Howell was captain of the 2nd company ist battalion ist establishment, November 14th 1775; captain of the 2nd company ist battalion 2nd establish- ment, November 29th 1776, and retired September 26th 1780. John Huntington was one of the organizers of the Rockaway church in 1758, and an elder in it for many years. His beautiful handwriting and fair composition in the church records show him to have been a man of considerable education. He lived near Shongum, and left at his death considerable estate. He was quarter- master in General Winds's militia brigade. Archibald Dallas, the clerk of the meeting, was com- missioned second lieutenant in Meeker's company 1st battalion ist establishment, December 9th 1775, and in Captain Howell's company ist battalion 2nd establish- ment November 29th 1776; captain in the 4th battalion 2nd establishment, and also in Colonel Spencer's reg- iment, and was killed in action January 28th 1779. This first Provincial Congress on August 12th directed an election in the several counties, to be held on Thurs- day the 2 1 St day of September, for delegates to attend the Provincial Congress to meet at Trenton October 3d 1775. The delegates to the latter from Morris county were William Winds, William De Hart, Jacob Drake, Silas Condict and Ellis Cook. It was the last Provincial Congress, and continued its sessions, with adjournments, to August 2ist 1776, when it adjourned without day, July 2nd 1776, two days before the declaration of inde- pendence, it adopted the first constitution of this State, under which the first State Legislature was elected, and which continued in force until supplanted by the consti- tution of 1834. On the committee to draft this constitu- tion was Silas Condict. CHAPTER IV. MORRIS COUNTY TROOPS IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY. N the 9th of October 1775 the Continental Congress made its first call on New Jersey for troops. It was in the shape of the follow- ing resolutions: ^^ Resolved, That it be recommended to the convention of New Jersey that they immediately raise, at the expense of the continent, two bat- talions, consisting of eight companies each, and each company of sixty-eight privates, officered with one cap- tain, one lieutenant, one ensign, four sergeants, and four corporals. " That the privates be enlisted for one year, at the rate of five dollars per calendar month, liable to be discharged at any time on allowing them one month's pay extra- ordinary. " That each of the privates be allowed, instead of a bounty, one felt hat, a pair of yarn stockings, and a pair of shoes; the men to find their own arms. " That the pay of the officers, for the present, be the same as that of the officers in the present continental array; and in case the pay of the officers in the army is augmented the pay of the officers in these -battalions shall, in like manner, be augmented from the time of their engaging in the service." These resolutions were laid before the Provincial Con- gress October 13th 1775, and that body on the 26th of the same month resolved that warrants be issued to the proper persons to raise the troops called for, and appointed mustering officers to review the companies when raised. The form of enlistment was in the following words: "I , have this day voluntarily enlisted myself as a soldier in the American continental army for one year, unless sooner discharged, and do bind myself to conform in all instances to such rules and regulations as are or shall be established for the govern- ment of the said army." Some delay was caused by the question whether the field officers should be appointed by the Provincial or the Continental Congress; but on the loth of November (only a month after the first call of Congress), this ques- tion being settled by the confirmation, by the Continental Congress, of the officers recommended by the State au- thorities, six companies were raised and ordered to gar- rison the fort in the Highlands on the Hudson; and No- vember 27th the rest of the two battalions were ordered into barracks in New York. December 8th both bat- talions were ordered into New York, and on the 26th they were ordered to be mustered. These troops were called the first or eastern battalion and second or western battalion of the first establishment. As stated hereafter a third battalion was afterward called for by Congress January loth 1776, which was raised for this establish- ment. The western battalion was in the western and southern parts of the State, but in the eastern battalion Morris county was largely represented. Lord Stirling was colonel, William Winds was lieutenant colonel, and, 28 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. after Stirling's promotion, Colonel William De Hart was major. Three companies at least were from Morris, viz: The first company, of which Joseph Morris was captain, Daniel Baldwin first lieutenant, Daniel Brown second lieutenant, and Jonathan F. Morris ensign; the second company, of which Silas Howell was captain, John Mer- cer first lieutenant, Richard Johnson second lieutenant and Jacob Kemper ensign; and the fifth company, of which Joseph Meeker was captain, Yellis (or Giles) Mead first lieutenant, Archibald Dallas second lieutenant, and George Ross ensign. On the loth of January 1776 three companions of this first battalion were ordered to report to Colonel Nathaniel Heard, in command of minute men, for duty in arresting tories and disaffected persons in Queens county, N. Y. The rest of the battalion, Colonel Winds commanding, Were stationed at Perth Amboy and Elizabethtown until May 1776. On the 3d of May, with the third battalion, they left New York to join the expedition to Canada, and having been joined by the second battalion took an active part in the operations before Quebec. Later the first and second battalions were ordered into barracks at Ticonderoga, and remained at that place until directed, November 5th 1776, to return to New Jersey for dis- charge. January loth 1776 Congress directed another battalion to be raised in New Jersey on the same terms as the other two, and on the 6th of February the recommenda- tion was made by the Provincial Congress. The regir ment was organized at once, and left Elizabethtown April 29th for New York. On the 3d of May it sailed for Albany with the- first battalion, and served with it- in the campaign. The battalion left Albany March 7th 1777, and was discharged at Morristown on the 23d. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Elias Dayton, and contained at least one Morris county company— the fifth — which was commanded by Peter Dickerson, of Morristown, Stephen Dunham being first lieutenant, David Tuttle second lieutenant, and William Tenbrook ensign. A list of the enlisted men of this company has been made up for the files of the adjutant general and is as follows: William Anderson, Stephen Beach, Woodrick Bilberry, William Bishop, Joseph Bolterhouse, Jacob Buttersop, Martin Crill, Andrew Culpet, Patrick Davis, Luke De Voir, John English, Jeremiah Fleming, Daniel Guard, Thomas Hathaway, John Hill, John Howe, Jacob Kent, Henry Kitchen, William Logan, Timothy Losey, Thomas Martin, Clement Martin, James Mathers, Robert Mc- Kindrick, William Mead, John Moore, Stephen Price, Adoniram Pritten, John Quill, Joseph Rose, John Sline- man, Peter Smith, Isaiah Tuttle, John Tway, Isaac AVard, David Watson, John White, Richard Williamson, Morris Wooden. The diary of Timothy Tuttle, a sergeant in the fiirst battalion in Captain Joseph Morris's company, has been preserved and has been printed. In it his daily doings are recorded from before January ist 1776 until he ar- rived at Albany on his way home, November 12th. From this it appears that he and his comrades arrived at Albany May Sth, after an eight days' sail, and marched from there to Lake George, where they arrived May 22nd. On the 26th of May they arrived at Crown Point, which they left on the 28th in boats for St. John. From there they marched up the Sorell River, and on the Sth of June were under fire of the enemy's cannon. They were en- camped on the Sorell until the 14th, when they began a retreat to Crown Point, which they reached on the 24lh. They remained in the neighborhood of Ticonderoga and Crown Point until November 6th, when Tuttle, with 105 of the men of his battalion, left for home with General Winds. Recruiting had begun for the second establish- ment, which was enlisted for three years or during the war, and many of the officers and men of the first estab- lishment remained and were mustered into the second establishment. Tuttle notes under date of November 5th: "Same morning our men seemed to persist to go home, and orders came out from the general that Col- onel Winds and what men is a mind to follow him to be off to-morrow morning at 8 o'clock. Some of officers say we go away with scandal, but Colonel Winds says [we] go with honor." Sergeant Tuttle was afterward en- sign and lieutenant in the Morris militia, and later a cap- tain in Colonel Sylvanus Seeley's eastern battalion of Morris militia. These three Jersey regiments of the firtt establishment did some hard service in this campaign, none the easier to endure because the movement was unsuccessful in that it did not accomplish what was hoped for it. A committee of the New Jersey Provincial Congress by direction of that body went to Crown Point, and there reviewed the Jersey troops October 25th. They re- ported that they "found the soldiers destitute of many articles of dress; supplies of every kind they want, but shoes and stockings they are in the last necessity for, many hiiving neither to their feet." They believed the troops were well furnished with provisions, and that they had plenty of arms. " Respecting the disposition of the officers to engage in the service" (meaning to re-enlist), the commissioners say, " It is with the greatest cheerfulness the most of the officers are ready on your appointment to serve their country during the war." Somewhat similar to the experience of later years. Con- gress found in the summer of 1776 that troops enlisted for a short time would not suffice to bring the war to a success- ful termination. Accordingly, September i6th 1776, a resolution was adopted that eighty-eight battalions be enlisted as soon as possible, to serve during the war, and that New Jersey furnish four battalions. The State Legislature appointed a joint committee to take the matter into consideration, who recommended that the first three of the new battalions be formed of the officers and men of the three batalions then in the field, so far as they were willing to re-enlist; and that the offi- cers of the fourth battalion be made up as much as pos- sible from the five regiments of militia then serving under General Heard. This recommendation was adopted, and the three battalions in the field formed the nucleus of the first three battalions of the new establishment. In the first battalion, Colonel Winds having retired COMPANIES OF CONTINENTALS— THEIR SERVICES. 29 Silas Newcomb and, on his promotion, Matthias Ogden was made colonel. Major William De Hart continued in service and was made lieiUenant colonel on the promotion of Ogden. Joseph Morris remained as captain of the first company (until made major of the battalion), with John Mercer, formerly first lieutenant of Captain Howell's company, as first lieutenant; Robert Robertson (who afterward resigned on account of wounds) as second lieutenant and Simon Mash as ensign. Silas Howell remained as captain of the second com- pany, with John Van Anglen (afterward captain) as first lieutenant, Archibald Dallas (formerly of Meeker's com- pany) as second lieutenant and John Howell (afterward captain) as ensign. Captain Meeker went home at the end of his enlist- ment. His lieutenant, Giles Mead, 'remained as lieuten- ant of the third company, commanded by Captain John Conway (afterward major of the fourth battalion); John Flanhaven was second lieutenant and Ebenezer Axtell was ensign of this company. Captain Peter Dickerson's company seem to have re- enlisted in a body and formed the first company of tlie third battalion. The lieutenants and ensign having quit th€ service their places were filled by others. Samuel Flanagan was first lieutenant until promoted to a cap- taincy; Jonathan Brewer second lieutenant, and Edward D. Thomas ensign until made first lieutenant. In addi- tion to the enlisted men of Captain Dickerson's first company the following were members of this his new company : Thomas Beedle, Josiah Beetle, David Brown, Jonathan Conkling, George Corwine, James Crane, John Cugo, Thomas Cugo, Cornelius Drake, Simeon Hatha- way, John Henry, James Joy, Conrad Kingfield, Jasper Langley, Enos Little, Abram Ludlow, Archibald McNich- ols, Solomon Munson, John Panton, John Price, Conrod Runyan, John Tuttle, and William Tuttle. In an affidavit made by Henry Clark in order to obtain a pension (preserved with others by Hon. Lewis Condict), he says he enlisted at Mendham in January 1776 for three years, in Captain Noadiah Wade's company, with Abram Hudson, Stephen Leonard, Stephen Frost, John Doughty, William Minthorn, Isaac Stark, William Brown, John Payne and others whom he does not recollect. Zophar Carnes was first lieutenant, John Pipes second lieutenant and Clement Wood ensign. Wood and Wade lived in Mendham, Carnes in Roxbury, and Pipes in what was then Pequannock. The company consisted of 60 men, and was filled, the membership being as follows: Captain, Noadiah Wade; lieutenants, Zophar Carnes (cashiered April i6th 1777) and J»to JPipf^s, promoted first lieutenant June ist 1777. Second lieutenant, Ben- jamin Horn. Ensign, Clement Wood. Sergeants: Robert Logan, John Browne, Shadrack Hathaway and Abram Hudson. Corporals: Stephen Harriman, Ichabod Johnson, Richard Hedley and Jonathan Starks. Drum- Kier, John Cornelius. Fifer, WiUiam Stone. Privates: Adam Showers, Nathaniel Petty, George Clifton, Levi Shadwick or Shaddock, Samuel Freeman, Wilham Mun- son, Jesse Rodgers,. Samuel Davis, Philip Minthorn, Abram Mulct, Henry Blum, Jonathan Bailey, Gabriel Hutchings, Nathaniel Thompson, Price Thompson, Abram Losey, Robert Carson, Philip Hathaway, Lewis Alvord, John Potter, John Doughty, David Mott, Richard McGuire, William Finley, Ichabod Homans, Daniel Parks, Joseph Richards, Eleazer Perkins, Michael Hayes, John Davis, Benjamin Losey, Robert Hine, Charles Clarkson, Stephen Leonard, William Brown, Robert Minnis, Thaddeus Rice, Samuel Smith, Daniel Tuttle, Samuel Hazle, Jeremiah Day, David Mumford, Joseph Pipes, Stephen Frost, John Frost, Job Stiles, Jonathan Mc- Laughlin, John Williams, David Carter, Henry Dugan, Josiah Wynne, Benjamin Eaton, Dominick Hughs, Isaac Dickinson, John Milbiirne, John Woodcock, John Col- lins, Henry Clark, James Channel, John Stewart, Jona- than Crane, Dennis Cargriff, Thomas Perry, Joshua Pearce, John Berry, William Minthorn, James Knox, John Hardcastle, Alexander Campbell, Thomas Day, Benjamin Thorp, Thomas Rial, Charles Blumfield, Ephraim Cary, Andrew Phillips. The company was mustered June 12th i777» and marched to Westfield, where it was reviewed by Colonel Martin. It was the third in the fourth battalion second establishment. Besides those mentioned there were many other Morris county men in this brigade. John Doughty was captain of a company in the third battalion, promoted major, and resigned, probably to enter the artillery arm of the ser- vice, in which he afterward distinguished himself. The four regiments were ready for the field early in 1777, the first battalion being organized as early as De- cember 1776, the second and third in February and the fourth in April 1777. They were brigaded together and placed under command of General William Maxwell, forming what was known as " Maxwell's brigade." It ^ was placed in the division of Major-General Adam Stephens, then encamped at Elizabethtown, Bound Brook and Rahway. The following extract from General Stry- ker's history of Jerseymen in the Revolutionary army shows the part these battalions took in the war: " During the summer of 1777 the division of General Stephens marched through Pennsylvania and Delaware, and on the morning of September nth a portion of the 'Jersey line' opened the battle of Brandywine. They continued in the fight all that day, on the advance of the division. After the battle the brigade continued march- ing and countermarching, had a skirmish with the enemy at White Horse Tavern, on the Lancaster road, passed near Yellow Springs, Reading Furnace, Worcester, and then towards the enemy, and finally encamped at Ger- mantown. A battle took place at this post on the 4th of October. With the brigade of North Carolina troops commanded by Brigadier General Francis Nash, Max- well's brigade formed the corps de reserve and left wing of the American army. This division was commanded by Major General Lord Stirling, of New Jersey. The whole command distinguished itself in this fight, but especially the first battalion, which suffered severely in " both officers and men. Maxwell's brigade was most of the winter of 1777-8 with the army at Valley Forge, and on the evacuation of Philadelphia by the British, June i8th 1778, was detached from the main army, and with some militia was ordered to harass and impede General . Clinton's force. The British army marched towards New York by way of Moorestown and Mount Holly. The army under Washington crossed the Delaware River at Coryell's Ferry (Lambertville), and passed through Hopewell, Princeton, Kingston, Cranberry and English- town, and met the enemy near Freehold. Maxwell's 3° HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. brigade was afterwards joined by six hundred continental troops, commanded by Colonel Daniel Morgan, of Vir- ginia, and again by fifteen hundred picked troops under Brigadier General Charles Scott, of Virginia, and one thousand under Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, of Pennsylvania. The entire force engaged in harassing the enemy was in command of General Lafayette. On the 28th of June 1778 the 'Jersey line' joined the left wing of the army, and the brigade, as well as the militia under Major General Philemon Dickinson, participated in the battle of Monmouth, fought on that day. The brigade after the fight was sadly in want of clothing, and many and urgent were the requests made therefor to the Legislature." The following is a list of recruits raised in the ist regiment foot militia, commanded by Colonel John Mun- son, in Morris county, who were to serve nine months from the day of their joining any of the four regiments raised by the State for the service of the United States. They joined the Jersey brigade June 5th 1778, at Mount Holly, and no doubt participated in the battle of Mon- mouth: Captain Luse's Company, 2nd Regiment — Aaron Bai- ley, John Clawson, William Cooper, John Hamler, Jacob Hinckle, Spencer Lake, Michael Pace jr., Benjamin and John Parr and John Smith, of Roxbury: Matthew Con- ner, James Gibson, Hiram Howard (unfit for duty on account of a wound), James Jordan and Andrew Mc- Roath, of Mendham. Captain Cox's Company, 3d Regiment — William Mapes, Roxbury; Joseph Bedford, Elijah Leonard and Reuben Wood, Mendham; Elihu Howard and Eleazer Perkins, Pequannock. Captain Ballard's Company, 3d Regiment — Elkanah Holloway, Lemuel Twigley and Eleazer Woodruff, Mend- ham; Timothy Morris, Roxbury. Others — Andrew Conard and John Turney, Penn., de- serted; Jabez Bigalow, Mendham, drum major 3d regi- ment; James Kenebough, Pequannock, Captain Patter- son's company, 3d regiment; Moses Losey, Mendham; Stephen Leonard, of Pequannock, and Stephen Arnold, of Mendham, Captain Morrison's company, ist regiment; William Halsey, Hanover, Captain Baldwin's company, ist regiment; David Sargent, enlisted in the continental service. " The above recruits marched from William Young's, Esq., in Mendham township." The winter of 1778-9 was passed mostly at Elizabeth- town, although a detachment of the second battalion was stationed in Newark, and a detachment of the fourth battalion in Spanktown (Rahway). In consequence of the "massacre of Wyoming " Max- well's brigade on the nth day of May 1779 was ordered, with the first or principal division, under Major General John Sullivan, of New Hampshire, to march up the Sus- ' quehanna into the settlements of the Seneca Indians. Attached to the brigade at this time were Colonel Oliver Spencer's regiment. Colonel David Forman's regiment. Colonel Elisha Sheldon's (of Connecticut) regiment of light dragoons, and one battery of artillery. On the 9th of October the brigade was ordered to return to New Jersey. On the 23d of June 1780 the Jersey troops, continental and militia, took a prominent part in the fight at Spring- field. May 27th 1778 Congress made a new arrangement of troops, consolidating the battalions and reducing the number of field and other officers. March 9th 1779 it was resolved that the army should consist of eighty bat- talions, of which the Jersey troops should form three. This new arrangement was not finally consummated until the summer of 1780. In this new and last establishment Matthias Ogden was colonel of the ist regiment, Israel Shreve of the 2nd and Elias Dayton of the 3d. Recruits for the regiments of the continental line in the field were again obtained from the State militia, and the following lists have been preserved of these new lev- ies: " A return of recruits from the eastern regt. of the county of Morris, commanded by Colonel Sylvanus See- ley; mustered and past to serve in the State regiment until ye ist of January next, agreeable to a law of s'd State passed at Trenton 7th June 1780." (After the man's name come his place of abode and the name of the captain of the company to which he belonged. All enlisted in the first week of July.) Joseph Wade, Long Hill, Layton; Gilbert Bunnell, Chatham, Carter; Thomas Stagg, Parsippany, Bald- win; Daniel Simers, Pequannock, Minard; William Gar- ret, Hanover, S. Munson; Jesse Wood, Short Hill, Kitchel; John Harparie, Bottle Hill, J. Ward; Abraham Gobel, Morristown, Pearson; John Garrison, Pompton, Debow; John Robarts, Troy, J. Ward; Daniel Bates, Pequannock, Minard; Isaac Ross, Short Hill, Layton; John Parrott, Morristown, Jos. Beach; Gershom Liver, Morristown, Stephen Munson; George Gardner, Morris- town, W. Munson; Asa Beach, Morristown, Beach; Thomas Johnston (light horseman), Morristown, Arnold; Wriglit Reading, Chatham, Ward; John Lasier, Pomp- ton, J. Ward; David Parrott, Pompton, Debow; Eb. McDonald, Chatham, Carter; Conrod Esler, Pequan- nock, Minard; Benjamin Romer, Pompton, Arnold; Samuel Price, Troy, J. Ward; Samuel Seward, Rocka- way. Keen; Sylvanus Johnston, Rockaway, Hall; John Lane, Rockaway, Hall. "A return of recruits from the eastern regiment of Morris county, commanded by Colonel Sylvanus Seeley; mustered and approved to join the New Jersey brigade until ist of January next, under act passed June 14th 1780. All enlisted between June 27th and July 20th 1780." The company is indicated by the name of the captain, following that of the recruit: James Richardson, Chatham, Carter; Moses Broad- well, Morristown, Carter; Dunham Wilkerson, Morris- town, M. Munson; Jesse Crane, Hanover, S. Munson; Daniel Gould, Troy, J. Ward; Daniel T. Bunnell, Mor- ristown, M. Munson; Amos Crane, Parsippany, Baldwin; Cornelius McDermott, Elizabethtown, Layton; Anthony Palmer, Hanover, S. Munson; Martin Mitchell, Troy, Ward; Daniel Wilcocks, Long Hill, Layton; Philip Lunney, Chatham, J. W'ard; Isaac Garrigus, Rockawav, Hall; John Abnir (?), Rockaway, Hall; Benjamin Romer, Morristown, J. Beach; Abraham Ludlum, Morristown, L. Pearson; Robert McClean, Hanover, Kitchel; Daniel Bates, Hanover, Minard; Thomas Brannon, Morristown, Beach; George Cheshenounds, Morristown, Beach; Samuel Price, Pequannock, Du Bois. " List of bounties paid by Jonathan Stiles jr. on re- cruiting service according to an act of March nth 1780." OFFICERS IN THE "JERSEY LINE." 31 The bounty paid was ;^i,ooo to the soldiers and ;£2oo to their officer. In some instances half those amounts were paid. They were mustered by Lieutenant Colonel Benoni Hathaway and joined their companies in the continental line between March 30th and May 4th 1780. The residence of some of these rnen is found in a return of the same men made by Colonel Hathaway, and is given: Paul Rheam, Morristown; John Moor; Isaac Johnson, Andrew Thompson and George Carter, Morristown; Da- vid Gordon, Windsor Johnson, Joseph Yates, James Der- rick and Moses Headley, Hanover; James Ceaser, Sus- sex county; Isaac Wooley, John Williams and Watson Ludlum, Morristown; Robert Miller, Bernard's; 'William Wood, Sussex county; Moses and Jacob BroadweU, Morristown; Paul Clutter and James Wigan (or Wagen), Bernard's; John Beaufort (or Bellfort), Sussex county; Michael Coffee, Morristown; Thomas McMurtree; Isaac Ross, Bernard's; Isaac Price; Abraham Emmis; William Smith; Thomas Smith; William Worth; Henry Carragan, Morristown; John Jacobus and Jesse Losey, Roxbury; Jacob Cahoon, Samuel Ogden, Ezekiel Price, James Jones, Richard Hugg, George Smith, Thomas Reiler, Abraham Gaskall, Henry Flantan, Zechariah Rossel, Nathan Turner, George Laney, Michael Wood, Henry Moore, John Darwin, Reuben Mickel, Jedediah Mills, Jonathan Bailey, Elias Wood and Annanias Clark. Dan- iel Kiney is on Colonel Hathaway's list and not on Colonel Stiles's. General Maxwell continued to command the Jersey brigade until he resigned, in July 1780. Colonel Elias Dayton, as senior officer, then assumed command, and retained it until the close of the war. On the 21st of September 1781 the three regiments landed on James River, Virginia, about five miles from Williamsburgh, and they were employed in all the labor of the siege of York- town and were present at the surrender on the 19th of October. The news of the cessation of hostilities was announced in the camp of the brigade April 19th 1783, and the "Jersey line " were discharged November 3d 1783. During the summer and fall of 1776 soldiers of this State, as officers or enlisted men, began to join organiza- tions raised directly by authority of Congress or of other States. Men from Morris county were found particular- ly in two of these regiments, known as Spencer's regi- ment and the commander-in-chief's guard. By authority of Congress Colonel Oliver Spencer, an officer in the State troops as well as in the militia, organ- ized a battalion or regiment for the continental army about the time the second establishment was completed. Composed as it was, nearly if not entirely of Jerseymen, it is often referred to as the " fifth battalion, Jersey line." The strength of this command appears to have been about 170 men, although a return dated March 1779 shows but 14c soldiers in the regiment. The following is a roster of its officers: Oliver Spencer, colonel; Eleazer Lindsley, lieutenant- colonel (resigned and William Smith was appomted); John Burrowes, captain and major; James Bonnell, ad- jutant; John McEwen, ensign and quartermaster; Jabez Campfield, surgeon; John Darcy, surgeon's mate; Benja- min Weatherby, captain; James Brodenck, captain; John Sandford, captain; William Bull, captain; William Crane, captain; Abraham Nealy, captain; Archibald Dallas, captain; Anthony Maxwell, lieutenant and captain; Rob- ert Pemberton, lieutenant and captain; James Bonnell, lieutenant, adjutant and captain; David Kirkpatrick, lieutenant and captain; John Orr, lieutenant; Peter Taulman, lieutenant; Finch Gildersleeve, lieutenant; Wil- liam Sitcher, lieutenant; Uzal Meeker, lieutenant; Barne Ogden, lieutenant; Andrew Thomson, ensign; John Reed, ensign; Moses Ogden, ensign. Colonel Oliver Spencer, who commanded this regiment, was the son-in-law of Robert Ogden, who was a member of the Continental Congress of 1765 and chairman of the committee of safety in 1776, and was a brother-in law of Robert Ogden jr. (prominent and zealous in the councils of the State and in advancing means to assist its cause), of Colonel Matthias Ogden, of the first regiment, and of Captain (afterward Governor) Aaron Ogden. One of his daughters, Elizabeth, married Ebenezer Blachly, and another, Sophia, married Major Mahlon Ford, prominent men in this county. Jabez Campfield, surgeon of the regiment, was a res- ident of Morristown, and for many years after the close of the war surrogate of the county. During Sullivan's expedition against the Seneca Indians Dr. Campfield kept a diary, which has been published by the New Jersey Historical Society in the third volume of its proceedings, New Series, and in which a detailed account of the move- ments of the troops is given. The doctor left Morristown to join the regiment May 23d 1779, and returning ar- rived at his own house October 2nd. John Darcy, surgeon's mate, was afterward a prominent physician of Hanover, and particularly successful as a surgeon. He commanded a brigade of militia in the war of 1812. He was the father of General John S. Darcy, of Newark. He was at this time under nineteen years of age, and, having studied medicine with Dr. Campfield, accompanied him to the war. Dr. Wickes, in a sketch of Dr. John Darcy, in his history of the medical men of New Jersey, says: "The regiment with which he was connected was in the army under immediate command of General Washington, concerning whom and General Lafayette the doctor during his life related to his friends niany incidents of interest which occurred while he was associated with these distinguished generals. When Lafayette visited this country in 1825 he inquired par- ticularly after 'young Surgeon's Mate Darcy;' and when on a certain occasion he was introduced to a relative of the doctor's the general, attracted by the name and being informed of the relationship to his old friend, embraced him cordially." The commander-in-chief's guard, continental army, called also "the life guard" and " Washington's body guard," was a distinct organization of picked men. It consisted of 180 men, and its first officer was Caleb Gibbs, of Rhode Island, captain, commandant. William Colfax, of Pequannock township, was a lieutenant at the organ- ization, and was the successor of Gibbs, ranking as cap- tain. The soldiers were all selected from the ranks of the army, their good character and soldierly bearing being a prerequisite to their receiving this honor. Every State was represented in the " guards." Its motto was " Conquer or Die." 32 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. CHAPTER V. MORRIS COUNTY MILITIA IN THE REVOLUTION — INCIDENTS OF THE WAR. HE militia organizations are not to be con- fused with the troops of the continental army. The act of the Provincial Congress regulating the militia passed August i6th 177s provided for two regiments and one battalion for Morris county; and, "minute men" having been raised in the counties of Morris, Sussex and Somerset, Congress followed the suggestion and recommended all the counties to do the same. The two regiments of militia were called the eastern and western battalions. Morris county was to have six com- panies of minute men, who were held in constant readi- ness on the shortest notice to march to any point where assistance might be required. They were to furnish themselves with "'a good musket or firelock and bayonet, sword or tomahawk, a steel ramrod, worm, priming wire and brush fitted thereto, a cartouch box to contain 23 rounds of cartridges, twelve flints, and a knapsack." Each man was to keep at his house one pound of powder and three of bullets. Many of these minute men having joined the continental army, on the 29th of February .1776 they were dissolved as a. separate organization, and incorporated in the militia. The following notes, taken from the "Boteler Papers," show the organization and officers of the Morris county minute men: "At a meeting of the committee of the county of Morris, at the house of Captain Peter Dickerson, at Morristown, on Thursday the 14th day of September A. D. 1775 (present, William Winds, Esq., William De Hart, Esq., Silas Condit, Ellis Cook, Peter Dickerson, Jonathan Stiles, Esq., Jacob Drake), the committee, having inspected and examined the several muster rolls, 6 companies of minute men of the county of Morris, and finding that a sufficient number of minute men as is directed by the Congress have enlisted, do recommend to the committee of safety or the Provincial Congress of New Jersey the following officers to be commissioned, to wit: "William Winds, Esq., as colonel; William De Hart, Esq., as lieutenant-colonel; Mr. David Bates, as major; Mr. Joseph Morris, as adjutant; Mr. Timothy Johnes, as surgeon. "Of the first company: Captain, Samuel Ball; first lieutenant, Daniel Baldwin; second lieutenant, Moses Kitchel; ensign, David Tuttle. . "Of the second company: Captain, Silas Howell; first lieutenant, Joseph Lindsley; second lieutenant, Richard Johnston. "Third company: Captain, David Thompson; first lieutenant, Noadiah Wade; second lieutenant, Isaac Morris; ensign, Samuel Day. "Fourth company: Captain, Ebenezer Condit; first lieutenant, Benoni Hathaway; second lieutenant, Moses Prudden; ensign, Joseph Beach. " Fifth company: Captain, Jacob Drum; first lieuten- ant, Joshua Gordon; second lieutenant. Levy Howel; ensign, Caleb Horton jr. "Sixth company: Captain, Robert Gaston; first lieu- tenant, Josiah Hall." It is probable from the names of these officers that the first company was raised in the Hanover neighborhood, the second in Madison and Morristown, the third in Mendham, the fourth in Morristown, the fifth in Roxbury and the sixth in Rockaway. "At a meeting of the officers of the battalion of minute men of the county of Morris, on Thursday the 14th day of September, A. D. 1775. Present: William De Hart, Captain Ebenezer Condict, Lieutenant Moses Prudden, Ensign Caleb Horton, Ensign Richard Johnston, Ensign Samuel Day, Lieutenant Noadiah Wade, Captain Samuel Ball, Lieutenant Moses Kepore, Captain Jacob Drum, Lieutenant Josiah Hall, Lieutenant Daniel Baldwin, Lieu- tenant Joseph Lindsley, Captain Silas Howell, Ensign David Tuttle, Lieutenant Benoni Hathaway. " William De Hart, Esq., was chosen moderator, Jacob Drum clerk. ' Voted unanimously that we will nominate to the committee three field officers and an adjutant, which field officers when commissioned we will freely serve under. William Winds was unanimously recom- mended as colonel; William De Hart, Esq., was unani- mcpusly recommended as lieutenant-colonel; Mr. David Bates was recommended as major; Joseph Morris was recommended as adjutant. " The foregoing is an account of our proceedings this day, which we humbly offer to the committee of the county of Morris, and desire their recommendation of those officers therein nominated to the Provincial Con- gress or committee of safety of New Jersey to be com- missioned." In June 1776 the Continental Congress requested the colony of New Jersey to furnish 3,300 militia, to form part of 13,800 to reinforce the army at New York. Colonel Nathaniel Heard was appointed brigadier gen- eral to command these levies, which were to consist of five battalions. Morris and Sussex were to furnish one of these battalions, and the regimental officers were: Ephraim Martin, colonel; John Munson, lieutenant- colonel; Cornelius Ludlow, major; Joseph King, adju- tant; Joshua Gordon, quartermaster; Jonathan Horton, surgeon; David Ervin, surgeon's mate. Lieutenant-colonel Munson lived near Rockaway, on the Hibernia road, and was engaged in the iron business. He was afterward colonel of the " western battalion " of Morris. Major Ludlow had been first major of the "eastern battalion" of Morris. Surgeon Horton had been surgeon of the ''western battalion" of Morris, and was afterward a surgeon in the continental army. General Heard's brigade in September 1776 numbered 160 officers and 1,762 enlisted men. On the i6th day of July 1776 Congress requested the convention of New Jersey to supply with militia the places of two thousand men of General Washington's army, who had been ordered to march into New Jersey to form the flying camp. On the i8th of July an ordi- nance -was passed detaching that number from the militia for that purpose. It was resolved that the two thousand militia should compose four battalions, con- sisting of thirty companies, of sixty-four men each. MILITIA ORGANIZATION— THE BATTLE OF SPRINGFIELD. 33 They were only to be held^for one month from the time of their joining the flying camp. One-half of the militia were ordered to be detached August nth 1776, and called out for immediate service, to be relieved by the other half every month. One di- vision of the militia, detached from every organization in the State, was ordered to march with all dispatch to join the flying camp, for one month's service. The second division was held ready to relieve them, to be itself re- lieved in turn. On this basis of monthly classes in active service the militia were held during the continuance of the war. An act for better regulating the militia was passed March 15th 1777. It organized the force more strictly than formerly, and defined the duties and powers of of- ficers, etc. The organization was still further improved, and the last ordinance was repealed by an act of April 14th 1778. This also divided the militia into two brigades. On the 8th of January 1781 the militia were formed into three instead of two brigades. Those " of the counties of Bergen, Essex, Morris and Sussex, and of those parts of the counties of Middlesex and Somerset lying on the northern and eastern side of the Raritan River, and of the south branch of the same," were to compose the upper brigade. The governor of the State, June 27th 178:, was author- ized to call out a part of the militia, and continue them in service three months, for the purpose of co-operating with the continental army. Such men were exempted from service for nine months next ensuing. Companies of artillery and troops of horsemen from time to time organized in sundry townships or cities, by direction of the governor or by special law enacted by the General Assembly of the State. General Stryker well says: " The good service per- formed by the militia of this Stale is fully recorded in history. At the fights at Quinton's Bridge, Hancock's Bridge, Three Rivers, Connecticut Farms and Van Neste's Mills they born an active part; while at the bat- tles of Long Island, Trenton, Assunpink, Princeton, Ger- mantown, Springfield and Monmouth they performed efficient service in- supporting the continental line." The eastern battalion, Colonel Jacob Ford jr. com- manding, was detailed to cover Washington's retreat across New Jersey after the evacuation of New York in 1776 — a service which was accomplished with honor and success. The campaign was known among the troops as "mud rounds." The most considerable engagement, however, in which the New Jersey militia were concerned was the battle of Springfield, where the attempt of Knyphausen to reach Morristown was met and foiled principally by militia. An excellent account of this battle is contained in the follow- ing letter to the governor from General Maxwell, who commanded the New Jersey brigade: " Jersey Camp, near Springfield, 14th June 1780. " Diar Goxiernor, "You will find by the inclosed that I had written to your excellency on the 6th inst. The person who was to have delivered it halted at Elizabethtown, and before daylight was alarmed. We were alarmed also by 12 o'clock, and had marched near your house when intelli- gence was received that the enemy were landing in force, with artillery and dragoons, and that their num- ber would be at least 5,000. I thought Elizabethtown would be an improper place for me. I therefore retired toward Connecticut Farms, where Colonel Dayton joined me with his regiment. I ordered a few small parties to defend the defile near the farm meeting-house, where they were joined and assisted in the defense by some small bodies of militia. The main body of the brigade had to watch the enemy on the road leading to the right and left toward Springfield, that they might not cut off our communications with his excellency General Wash- ington. Our parties of continental troops and militia at the defile performed wonders. After stopping the ad- vance of the enemy near three hours they crossed over the defile and drove them to the tavern that was Jere- miah Smith's; but the enemy were at that time reinforced with at least 1,500 men, and our people were driven in their turn over the defile and obliged to quit it. I, with the whole brigade and militia, was formed to attack them shortly after they had crossed the defile, but it was thought imprudent, as the ground was not advantageous and the enemy very numerous. We retired slowly toward the heights toward Springfield, harassing them on their right and left, till they came with their advance to David Meeker's house, where they thought proper to halt. Shortly after the whole brigade, with the militia, advanced their right, left and front with the greatest rapidity, and drove their advance to the main body. We were in our turn obliged to retire, after the closest action I have seen this war. We were then pushed over the bridge at Springfield, where we posted some troops, and with the assistance of a field-piece commanded by the militia the enemy were again driven back to their former station, and still further before night. Never did troops, either continental or militia, behave better than ours did. Every one that had an opportunity (which they mostly all had) vied with each other who could serve the coun- try most. In the latter part of the day the militia flocked from all quarters, and gave the enemy no respite till the day closed the scene. At the middle of the night the enemy sneaked off and put their backsides to the sound near Elizabethtown. Our loss was one ensign killed and three lieutenants wounded, seven privates killed, twenty-eight wounded and five missing. The militia lost several and had a number wounded. We have good reason to believe, from the number of dead left on the ground, and from the information of many of the inhabitants where they had their dead and wounded, that they lost three times the number we did. General Stirling is among their wounded and thought to be dan- gerous, with Count Donop killed, a son or nephew of the general who met the same fate at Red Bank. I am credibly informed that 47 of the enemy dead were found the next day scattered through the woods and fields, be- side those whom they themselves had buried and carried off the first day. The main body of the enemy now oc- cupy the ground by the old point and De Hart's house. Their advanced parties are as far' as the Elizabethtown bridge. " I am, with much respect and esteem, your Excellency's most obedient humble servant, "Wm. Maxwell." The following is a roster of the field and staff of the two Morris county battalions, first organized in 1775, but reorganized in 1776. 34 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Eastern Battalion. — Colonels: Jacob Ford jr., Nov. 27th 1776; died of pneumonia at Morristown, N. J., Jan. loth 1777, and was buried with military honors by order of General Washington. Ellis Cook; lieutenant-colonel Jan. 13th 1776; lieutenant-colonel " detached militia," July i8th 1776; colonel, Feb. ist 1777; resigned Nov. 6th 1777. Sylvanus Seeley; captain in Colonel Martin's regiment June 14th 1776; first major eastern battalion May 23d 1777; colonel Nov. 13th 1777. Lieutenant-Colonels: Cornelius Ludlow; first major Jan. 13th 1776; major in Martin's battalion June 14th 1776; lieutenant-colonel May 23d 1777; resigned Nov. 13th 1777, disabled. Eleazer Lindsley; second major Jan. i3tli 1776; lieutenant-colonel 1777; also lieutenant- colonel continental army. Benoni Hathaway; captain in eastern battalion; second major ditto Sept. 9th 1777; lieutenant-colonel ditto Nov. 13th 1777; lieutenant- colonel of Van Dyke's regiment Oct. 9th 1779. First Majors: Richard Johnson; captain Eastern bat- talion; first major Nov. 13th 1777; resigned. Daniel Brown; captain in eastern battalion; first major Mch. 27th 1776. Second Majors: Henry Axtell; resigned, Joseph Lindsley, Mch. 27th 1778. Adjutant, John Doughty, Jan. 13th 1776. Quartermaster, Frederick King. Surgeon, Timothy Johnes, Feb. 19th 1776. Western Battalion.— QoXontW. Jacob Drake; resigned to become member of General Assembly. William Winds, Nov. 30th 1776; brigadier-general of militia Mch. 4th 1.777; resigned June loth 1779; also colonel ist battalion ist establishment continental army. John Munson; lieutenant-colonel in Colonel Martin's regiment June 14th 1776; colonel western battalion May 15th 1777. Lieutenant-Colonels: Robert Gaston, May isth 1777; resigned. John Starke; second major May isth 1777; lieutenant-colonel Oct. 7th 1778; resigned May 23d. 1782. Nathan Luse; captain; lieutenant-colonel June 2ist 1782. First Major: Samuel Sears (or Sayres), May isth 1777- Second Majors: Daniel Cook; promoted from captam Sept. 29th 1781; resigned May 23d 1782. Jacob Shuler, June 2ist 1782. Quartermasters: Mahlon McCurry and Matthew Mc- Courrey. Surgeon: Jonathan Horton, Feb. 28th 1776; also sur- geon in Colonel Martin's battalion June 29th 1776, and surgeon continental army. Besides the staff officers named in the above rosters there were from Morris county the following staff officers: Constant Victor King, ensign, lieutenant and adjutant; Cornelius Voorhees, ensign, adjutant and commissary of issues; Zebedee Cook, quartermaster; Jacob Arnold, John Stiles and Jonathan Stiles, paymasters; Barnabas Budd, surgeon in General Winds's brigade, September 12th 1777. The following were captains of militia, but the com- pany, and in some cases the battalion, to which they be- longed cannot now be ascertained. The letter E or W following the name shows whether the man belonged to the eastern or western battalion: Job Allen, W. and E.; Jacob Arnold, E., also captain of a troop of light horse; Stephen Baldwin, E.; Elisha Barton, E.; David Bates, E.; Augustine Bayles, E.; Wil- liam Bayley, E.; Joseph Beach, E., April 19th 1777; Enoch Beach; Abner Bedell; John Bigelow' William Brittin, E.; Job Brookfield (also ensign); Ezra Brown; William Campfield; Zophar Games, W., first lieutenant continental army; Benjamin Carter, E ; Samuel Carter, E • Hugh Colwall, E. (also lieutenant); Ezekiel Crane, w'- Jacob Crane, E.; Joshua Crane, E.; Josiah Crane, E •' Artemas Dav, W.; Stephen Day, E.; John De Bow, E • Thomas Dickerson, W.; Peter Dickmson; Jacob Drum (also captain in Colonel Stewart's battalion of minute men, February isth 1776); Abner Fairchild, E.; Elijah Freeman; Jacob Card, W.; Robert Gaston (also captain in continental army); George Hager, W.; Josiah Hall, E. (of Denville); Isaac Halsey, E.; Harris, E.; Samuel Hinman, E.; Caleb Horton, W.: Nathaniel Horton, W.; Stephen Jackson; James Keen, E.; Thomas Kinney; Obadiah Kitchel, E.; Matthew Lane, E., also lieutenant; Peter Layton, E.; John Lindsley, E., also lieutenant; William Logan, also lieutenant, W.; Benjamin Minard, E.; Morris, W.; Moses Munson, E., also forage master; Stephen Munson, E., also lieutenant; Samuel Ogden;' John Oliver, E.; Samuel Oliver, E.; Garret Post; William Salmon, W.; Peter Salmon, W.; ■ Slaight, W., also lieutenant; Peter Slingerland, Tieuter E., also TTeutenant; James Stewart, W.; Uriah Sutton, also lieutenant; Peter Tallman, W.; Nathaniel Terry, W. (also lieutenant); Jacob Theiiar; David Thompson; Timothy Tuttle, ensign August 6th 1777, captain April 2nd 1781; Israel Ward, E.; Jonas Ward, E. (also cap- tain Essex Co., of Parsippany); Jonathan Ward, E.; William Welch, W.; Joseph Wright, E. The following were lieutenants from Morris county (battalion indicated by E or W, as above): Aaron Biglow, W.; George Bockover, E. (also in Sus- sex county); Caleb Crane; John Crane, first lieutenant, E., April 19th 1777, in Captain Beach's company; Wil- liam Fairchild; Phineas Farrand, Captain Minard's com- pany, E.; Ezra Halsey, E.; Matthias Harris, W.; Giles Lee^ first lieutenant; Paul Lee (also wagon master); Edward Lewis; Benjamin Lindsley, second lieutenant, E., April 19th 1777, Captain Beach's company; Eleazer Luse, W.; Howell Osborn, W.; J. Osborn, E.; Thomas Osborn, E., Captain Baldwin's company; John Pipes, first lieutenant, Heard's brigade, June i6th 1776, also continental army; Abraham Post, E.; Matthew Raynor, E.; John Robarts, E.; Simon Van Ness, E. (Captain De Bow's company); Christopher- Walmsley, E.; D. Wilson; Josiah Ward. The following were ensigns: Samuel Allen, April 19th 1777, Captain Beach s com- pany; Josiah Burnett, E., wounded in leg at Elizabeth- town, September isth 1777; Joshua Guerin, E.; James Lum; Abraham Rutan, E., Captain Layton's company; Martin Tichenor, E., Captain Baldwin's company. An independent organization, which was raised en- tirely in the county, and won for itself an enviable dis- tinction for its long and faithful service and brilliant achievements, was the company known as Arnold's Light Horse. The following is a copy of the original enlist- ment paper of this command: " We the subscribers do voluntarily enlist ourselves in the comjjany of light horse belonging to the county of Morris, Thomas Kinney, Esq., captain, and do promise to obey our officers in such service as they shall appoint, as agreeable to the rules of the Provincial and Continenal Congress. Witness our hands May loth 1775. Jacob Arnold, James Serring, Epenetus Beach, James Smith, Silas Stiles, Patrick Darcy, John Losey, Benjamin Free- man jr., Samuel Allen, Stephen Baldwin, Elijah Freeman, David Edmiston, John Crane, George O'Hara, Silas Hand, Jabez Tichenor, Jabez Beach, Robert Gould jr.. ARNOLD'S LIGHT HORSE— REVOLUTIONARY ANECDOTES. 35 James Ford, Samuel Denman, Peter Parret, George Minthorn, John Cook, Samuel Bolsbury. Adam Bosts, John Milen, Conrod Hopler, Abraham Ha'haway, John Winters, Samuel Wighton, John "Van Winker, Aaron Parsons." Captain Kinne)' shortly afterward resigned and Arnold took his place. While the above list shows the original members of the company there were many others who joined it afterward. John Blowers, Ephraira Carnes, J. C. Canfield, Joseph Butler, John Canfield and John Ester are named as some of these recruits. Blowers in an afifidavit found among the " Condict papers," before referred to, gives a good idea of the men who composed this force, and of the services they performed. He says he served first under Captain Jacobus: " The company of militia was drawn up to have a draft made from them to join the troops on Long Island. Blovvers stepped forward, saying he would not be drafted but would volunteer, and was at once followed by Samuel Farrand, John Ester, Philip Price and as many more as were required of the company. Jacobus had command. They were marched through Newark to New York, where they were six weeks laying up works, after which they were marched to Amboy, where there were other Jersey militia. " On his return home, finding militia duties likely to be frequent, he joined Arnold's force. Ste|)hen Baldwin was a trooper there and did duty as a sergeant — an active and good soldier. The whole company, except when the enemy were strong and in case of sudden alarm, was not often together, but was divided and subdivided — two, -four, five, eight, ten, etc., together — as circum- stances required. AVere often used as videttes to watch the movements and carry orders and tidings of the enemy. To tr HE war left the people of the colonies in a dreadfully impoverished state. Many who had. been wealthy when the war broke out were reduced to poverty. Officers and men . returned to their homes with very little but the glory of their achievements to console or support them. The money issued by authority of the Con- tinental Congress was so depreciated as to be practically worthless. The pressure from the outside which had kept the colonies united and made the general govern- ment respected was now withdrawn, and the sense of having delivered themselves from the control of a power- ful foreign nation made men independent in feeling and impatient of restraint. The country was in more danger in 1783 than in 1776, and the posterity of that genera- tion have reason to be more grateful for the good sense of the men of that day, which led them to unite in the formation of a constitution and in agreeing to live by it, than to their courage and self-sacrifice in the struggle with Great Britain, great as that courage' and self-sacrifice were. But not only was danger of anarchy and confu- sion to be dreaded. The war had had a demoralizing effect upon officers and men. The restraints of religion had become irksome, infidelity had made rapid progress and intemperance had greatly increased. It is the uni- versal report of the decade next succeeding the peace that the state of morals and religion which then prevailed was most alarming, and Morris county was no exception to the general rule. It was the day of Paine's '' Age of Reason," which found a soil well adapted to it in the minds of men flushed with victory and restive under control. Previous to the war liquors were imported from abroad, and were used in comparative moderation. After the peace distilleries were found established in all parts of the country, and drunkenness prevailed to an extra- ordinary extent and among all classes of people. Some particular industries had been unduly stimulated, others had been abandoned; and it was several years before business became readjusted and the old order of things resumed. But the people of Morris county were in many respects fortunate. The enemy had not devastated their fields or burned their dwellings. They had every element of wealth in themselves, and they were not long in turning their attention to developing the resources they possessed. Be- fore the end of the century the county had grown wonder- fully. Forges and mills were built or rebuilt on the many streams. Houses of a more comfortable and pretentious style took the place of the log cabins which had been the usual habitations of the people. New lands were cleared and better roads made. In 1794 a great revival of re- ligion swept over the country, to be succeeded by other revivals in 1806 and 1818. Schools were established throughout the country, and high schools at Morristown where young men were fitted for college. Newspapers were published, the first one in Chatham in 1781, called The New Jersey Journal, by Shepherd KoUock, a refugee from Elizabethtown; afterward, in 1797, the Morris County Gazette, and in 1798 the Genius of Liberty, at Morristown. In 1780 the funeral of Jacob Johnson, in Morristown, drew together a large concourse of people, who followed the remains from beyond Speedwell to the old church. In this procession there was but one vehicle, and that was used for carrying the body. All the rest were on foot or on horseback. Dr. Johnes and the attending physicians, each with a linen scarf around his shoulders, according to the custom of the times, led the procession on horseback. In the diary of Joseph Lewis, a wealthy citizen of Morristown, son-in-law of Dr. Johnes and clerk of the county, is the entry: July 23d 1784-— "Robert Morris, Esq., set out for Brunswick, being one of the committee appointed to meet committees from other counties to consult and devise some plan for establishing trade and commerce at Amboy." What came of this project is unknown. Elizabethtown no doubt continued to be the shipping point for this county until Newark was made nearer by its better means of communication. In this same diary, under date of October 3d 1786, Mr. Lewis says: " I went in company with the court and sundry of our respectable inhabitants to wait on the Chief Justice Brearly from White tavern to this place. We returned in procession, in the following order, on horseback: ist, the constables; 2nd, coroners; 3d, sheriff; 4th, chief justice, in his carriage; sth, judges of the pleas; 6th, justices; 7th, clerks; Sth, citizens." No doubt the members of the procession were all on horse- back except the chief justice; and this attention to the judge coming to hold a general jail delivery was intended to impress the people with the majesty of the law. To show how elections were conducted in those early 38 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. days take another quotation from this diary: Tuesday October loth 1786— "This day I served as clerk of the general election. Judge Stiles conducted the election. Colonel Hathaway, David Tuttle, Justice Ross, William Winds and Nathaniel Terry were inspectors, and Will Canfieldand Henry Can field as clerks: Abraham Kitchel, Esq., was elected a counselor; Aaron Kitchel, Esq., Colonel Cooke and Colonel Starke, assemblymen; Jacob Arnold, Esq., sheriff, and Enoch Beach and Victor King, coroners." The election of candidates for the State convention to ratify the federal constitution lasted from Tuesday November 27th to Saturday December ist 1787, and resulted in the election of William WoodhuU, John Jacob Faesch and General William Winds. The death of General Washington was the most notable event which closed the century. The newsi:^apers of the day were heavily lined and mark the very general ev- idence of sorrow throughout the land. In every town meetings were held and appropriate addresses made. Rev. John Carle's address, delivered at Rockaway, De- cember 29th 1799, was printed by Jacob Mann, and a copy is still in existence. The speaker drew a com- parison between his subject and Moses, and but echoed the sentiments of his hearers and of other orators in speaking of Washington as "the greatest man that hath graced the present century in any part of the world." When the war of 1812 broke out the militia of the county was organized in four regiments of infantry and one squadron of cavalry. The regiments of infantry were commanded by Lieutenant- Colonels Silas Axtell, John Smith, Joseph Jackson and Lemuel Cobb, and the brigade formed by them was coramancled by Brigadier- General John Darcy. Lieutenant-Colonel William Camp- field commanded the squadron of horse. The militia were assembled on the call of the general two or three times each year, and were in a fair state of efficiency. There were three uniforined companies — Captain Car- ter's company of riflemen from Madison or Bottle Hill, Captain Halliday's company of Morris rangers, and Cap- tain Brittin's fusileers, of Chatham. On the 15th of May 1812 Captain Carter's company paraded on Morris Green, with 250 of the militia, who were assembled for that purpose and were described as a well-disciplined, handsome body of inen. Both that company and the rangers stood ready to volunteer their services at a moment's warning. Meantime recruiting was going on for the United States service, and Captain Scott of the new establishment had about sixty men and Captain Hazard, of the new, about thirty enlisted. The Jersey regiment, to which no doubt many Morris county volunteers belonged, numbering in all about 800 men, Lieutenant-Colonel Brearly commanding, struck its tents at Fort Richmond, on Staten Island, on Tuesday August i8th, and embarked for Albany. It reached the encamp- ment at Greenpoint (Greenbush?), near Albany, "in good health and gpirit.s,'' on the 22nd, and on November 12th the camp there was broken up and the regiment marched northward to the Canada frontier. November i6th 1812 Governor Aaron Ogden, in view of particular instructions addressed to him by the gen-eral commanding at New York, called upon all uniformed companies to hold themselves ready on twenty-four hours' notice to take the field. The enemy's fleet threat- ened the city then, and at intervals afterward during the war. The militia regiments of this State relieved each other in duty at Jersey City, Sandy Hook and the High- lands, in readiness to meet the invader. In September the third regiment of Morris militia was called into active service and marched to Sandy Hook. It was in the United States service from September 17th to November 30th 1812, when the men were mustered out and returned home. The roster of the field and staff of this regiment was as follows: Lieutenant-colonel, Joseph Jackson; majors, Peter Kline and Daniel Farrand; adjutant, William McFar- land; quartermaster, Joseph Edsall; paymaster, Jonas Wade ; surgeon, Reuel Hampton ; sergeant major, Thomas C. Ryerson; quartermaster sergeant, Isaac Wade. There Avere six coinpanies, as follows: Captain John Hinchman's company, 81 men; Captain Samuel Dem- arest's, 64 men; Captain Abner Dodd's, 61 men; Captain William Corwine's, 74 men; Captain Stephen Baldwin's, 70 men; Captain Peter Cole's, 75 men; total, 433 officers and men. August i2th 1814 General James J. Wilson, in command at the seacoast, accepted the service of the three volun- teer uniformed companies, together with 185 officers and men who were to be taken from the other militia. The militia of Morris and Sussex Avere to be formed into one regiment, and this regiment was to be one of three com- manded by Brigadier-General William Colfax. Agree- ably to orders of ihe governor of the State the three uniformed companies marched off on Saturday morning, September 3d, for Harsimus, near Paulus Hook, where they were to be stationed for a time. In the notice of their leaving it is added, " The greatest cheerfulness and animation prevailed among them, and they appeared to entertain a just sense of the nature of the duties re- quired of them and of the honor of performing those duties with resolution and firmness." The following are the rolls of these three companies, which formed part of Colonel John Frelinghuysen's regiment: Captain William Brittin's company, which was in the United States service from September ist 1814 to De- cember 3d 1814: Captain, William Brittin; lieutenant, Elijah Ward (appointed quartermaster September 7th); ensign, Lewis Carter: sergeants— Ichabod Bruen, William Thompson, Joseph Day, Alexander Bruen; corporals- Caleb C. Bruen, Ellas Donnington, Richard R. Elliot, Charles Townley 3d; drummer, Jonathan Miller; pri- vates—John T. Muchmore, Alva Bonnel (Joel Bonnel went as his substitute), Seth Crowell, Samuel M. Crane Robertson. Roll of Captain Samuel Halliday's Morris rangers, which company was in the service of the United States TROOPS IN 1812-14. 39 from the ist of September to the 2nd of December 1814: Captain, Samuel Halliday; lieutenant, Benjamin Lindsley jr.; ensign, Joseph M. Lindsley; sergeants — Matthew G. Lindsley, William H. Wetmore, Joseph Byram jr., Ber- nard McCormac; corporals — Stephen Sneden, William Dalrymple, Samuel P. Hull, Stephen C. Ayers (John Odell substitute); drummer, Stpplien James; lifer, Silas Ogden; privates — Samuel Beeis, Jerry Colwell, David Cutter, Charles M. Day, Benjamin Denton, Peter Dore- mus, Steplien P. Freeman, Lewis Freeman, Sylvester R. Guerin, Horatio G. Hopkins, Luther Y. Howell, Ezekiel Hill, John Hand, Joseph M. Johnson, Abraham Ludlow, David Lindsley, Ira Lindsley (David Beers substitute), Moses Lindsley, Roswell Loniis, Lewis March, John Meeker, John Nestor jr.', David Nestor, Elij.ih Oliver, Byram Prudden, Maltby G. Pierson, Eleazer M. Pierson, Jabez Rodgers, Ezra Scott, Ebenezer Slibbins, Peregrine Sanford, Seth C. Schenck, Charles Vail, Isaac M. Wooley. Roll of Captain Carier's riflemen, who were in the United States service from September ist to December 2nd 1814: Captain, Luke Carter; lieutenants — David W. Halstead, William Brewster (discharged September 19th i8i4\ Charles Carter; sergeants — Benjamin F. Foster, Elijah Canfield, Harvey Hopping, David Tompkins; corporals — Calvin Sayres, Samuel Hedges, John B. Miller, Moses Baldwin; musicians — Daniel Brewster, Luther Smith; privates — Lewis Baker, Cyrus Hall, Squire Burnet, William Canfield (died October 3d 1814), Malilon Carter, Ellis Cook, Samuel Cory, Moses Condit, John Dixon, John Fairchild, Clark Freeman, John French, 'J'horaas Genung, Elam Genung, Whilfield Hopping, Robert W. Halstead, Aaron M. Jacobus, Jacob Ogden, Richard Rikeman, Joseph Smiihson, John Simpson, Ephraim C. Simpson, William Tucker (deserted), Stephen C. Woodruff, John Glover. The regiment of militia which went to the Hook at about the same time was commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel John Seward, and was in the United States ser- vice from about September ist 18 14 to December gih 1814. The following is a roster ofthe field and staff: Lieutenant-colonel, John Seward; majors — Jonathan Brown, John L. Anderson, Benjamin Rosenkrans; adju- tant, Ebenezer F. Smith; paymaster, David Thompson jr.; surgeon, Hampton Dunham; surgeon's mate, Timothy S. Johnes; sergeant major, Richard Reed; quartermaster sergeants — Jonas L. Willis, Nathaniel O. Condit (np- pointed quartermaster September 13th 1814); drum major, William Fountain; fifer, John S. Smith; waiters— Israel Seward, waiter to the colonel; Benjamin Ayres, waiter to the surgeon; Matto Derbe, waiter to the surgeon's mate. There were fourteen companies, which were in service as follows — the precise dates of their musters in and out not being the same: Captains William Vliet and Benja- man Coleman's company, September 9th to December 6th; Captain Joseph Budd's, September 9th to December 5th; tlie companies of Captains Vancleve Moore, Robert Perrine, Charles South, John S. Darcy, Thomas Teas, dale and George Beardslee, from September 6th to De- cember .sth; Captain Alexander Reading's, September 8th to December 5th; Captain Abraham Webb's, Sep- tember 3d to December 4th; Captain Daniel Kilburn's, September ist to December sth; Captain William Drum's, September 3d to December 6th; Captain William Swaze's, September 8th to December 7th. On Sunday the nth of September the uniformed com- panies of General Colfax's brigade, numbering 1,200 men, paraded and marched to " high ground " to hear Rev. Dr. Stephen Grover, of Caldwell, preach to them. About the 20th the brigade removed from Paulus Hook to the heights of Navesink, where and at Sandy Hook it remained until the last of November, when 'the men were paid off and ordered home. They arrived in Morristown Saturday evening December 7th 1814, and Halliday's Rangers paraded on the 8th and were given a public din- ner. A singular incident of this war was the volunteering on the part of about four hundred citizens of Washington, Chester, Mendham and Morris to labor a day on the fortifications of New York. In the A''c7cj York Gazette of September 10th 1814 is this acknowledgment of their service: "We have the satisfaction again to notice the distinguished and practical patriotism of our sister State New Jersey. Between four and five hundred men from Morris county, some from a distance of nearly fifty miles, headed by their revered pastors, were at work yesterday on the fortifications of Harlem. Such exalted and dis- tinguished patriotism deserves to be and will be held in grateful remembrance by the citizens of New York, and recorded in the pages of history, to the immortal honor of the people of that State." The war, as might have been expected, stimulated cer- tain manufactures, our commerce with foreign nations being almost entirely cut off. The Mount Hope furnace was started up, and Dr. Charles M. Graham advertised December 30th 1812 that the Hibernia furnace would be thereafter conducted by him. Matthias Denman, Abra- ham Wooley and Samuel Adams had been previously his partners in its operation. He also advertises thirty-five casks of New Jersey made copperas of the first quality, at the Hibernia store, for cash or grain at New York prices. The copperas was manufactured at the copperas mine near Green Pond, where Job Allen during the Revolutionary war carried on the business. The end of the war put an end to this industry and it never was re- vived. CHAPTER VIL THE IRON INDUSTRY OF MORRIS COUNTY — EARLIEST ENTERPRISES — FORGES AND BLOOMARIES. HE history of the iron industry of Morris county reaches back almost to its first set- tlement. We have no positive knowledge of any actual settlement in the county until about 1700. Yet in 17 14 the tract em- bracing the Dickerson mine was taken up on ^ account of its minerals, from the proprietors of West Jersey, by John Reading, who in 1716 sold it to Joseph Kirkbride; and it is a matter of tradition that previous to that time the ore was manufactured into iron by the owners of forges, who were allowed to help them- 40 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. selves without charge. The presence of the ore was known to the Indians yet earlier than this; and their name for the locality " Suckasuna " (or, as some have it, " Sock-Soona "), meaning "black stone" or "heavy stone," has been given to the plains which extend to the westward of the hills wherein the mine is situated. Arrow-heads and utensils of various kinds made of iron by the Indians have been picked up in the neighbor- hood. It is altogether probable that the presence of ore in great abundance, the forests which covered the whole land, ready for the collier, and the abundant waterfalls of the many rivers and brooks which traversed the mountainous region were the chief inducements which led the first settlers into its wildernesses. It is a circum- stance which has not failed to impress itself upon those familiar with the records of the proprietors of East Jersey that among the first lands to be taken up or purchased, especially in the northern part of the county, were the lots containing waterfalls, and where veins of ore cropped out on the surface, afterward pieces of natural meadow, and last of all the surrounding hills. In the " brief account of the province of East Jersey, in America, published by the present proprietors " in 1682, it is said: "What sort of mines or minerals are in the bowels of the earth after-time must produce, the inhabitants not having yet employed themselves in search thereof; but there is already a smelting furnace and forge set up in this colony, where is made good iron, which is of great benefit to the country." This furnace and forge were probably the iron works at Tinton Falls, in Mon- mouth county, and the quotation shows that the minerals of Morris county had not yet been discovered. Of the seven " considerable towns " mentioned as being in East Jersey none are west of Orange Mountain, and the whole region was no doubt an unbroken wilderness. The first forge within the present bounds of Morris of which we have any knowledge was erected at Whippany, on what was then called, by its Indian name, the Whip- panong River, just above the bridge which crosses the stream nearly in front of the church. Tradition fixes as early a date as 17 10 for its erection. Mr. Green in his history of the Hanover church speaks of the old building in the Whippany graveyard as "about 100 rods below the forge which is and has long been known by the name of the Old Iron Works." It was no doubt a very small and rude affair, where good iron was made free from the ore by smelting it with charcoal, and without any of the economical appliances even of the bloomaries of a hun- dred years later. The ore was brought to it from the Succasunna mine in leather bags on horseback, and the iron was carried to market at tide water in bars bent to fit a horse's back — the only method of transportation. A single horse, it is said, would carry from four to five hundred pounds fifteen miles in a day. Not a vestige of this forge now remains, and its builder is unknown. The conjecture is that John Ford and Judge Budd built it. An aged Presbyterian clergyman. Rev. Isaac Todd, of Ocean county, who is still living, and is a descendant of Colonel Jacob Ford sen., says the ancestor of the Morris county Fords was John Ford, of Woodbri.dge. While in Philadelphia in 17 10, as a representative of his church to the presbytery, he made the acquaintance of Judge Budd, who had a large estate in Morris county. Budd offered Ford a large tract of land if he would remove to Monroe, between Morristown and Whippany, an offer which was accepted. Following up the Whippany River forges were erected soon after near the site of Morristown, of the same char- acter as the Whippany forge, and getting their supply of ore from the same source. One was located just north of what is now called Water street and near Flagler's mill, called the Ford forge. Colonel Jacob Ford sen., who probably built this forge, and afterward forges on the two branches of the Rockaway, was called by Peter Hasenclever "one of the first adventurers in bloomary iron works." All the forges near Morristown were ex- tinct in 1823. The first forge at Dover was built, it is said, by John Jackson in 1722, on what is still called Jacks9n's Brook, near the present residence of Alpheus Beemer. Jackson purchased a tract of 527 acres of one Joseph Latham, including the site of this forge and much of the land west of Dover. The venture was not a successful one, however, and in 1757 the forge passed into the hands of Josiah Beman, and the farm into those of Hartshorne Fitz Randolph. It is to be noted, however, that in 1743 a tract of 91 acres was located by Joseph Shotwell which covered most of the village of Dover, on both sides of the river from where the Morris and Essex Railroad crosses it to below Bergen street, and it was said to be at a place called the " Quaker Iron Works." In 1769 Josiah Be. man, " bloomer," mortgages to Thomas Bartow the same tract, " being that which John Jackson formerly lived on and whereon the forge and dwelling house which was his did stand," and which land was " conveyed to him by Joseph Prudden by deed dated April 7th i76r; except- ing out of this present grant nine acres on which the forge stands sold by him to Robert Schooley." It further appears from other deeds that the indebtedness secured by this mortgage was contracted in 1761, prob- ably when the purchase was made of Prudden. In 1768 Joseph Jackson and his son Stephen purchased of Robert Schooley one fire in this forge. The next year Joseph Jackson conveyed his interest in the forge to his son. Josiah Beman, the owner as it appears as early as 1761 of this Dover forge, was a brother of David Beman of Rockaway, the brother-in-law of General Winds and the grandfather of the late Thomas Green of Denville. He lived in the long, low house in the village of Dover still standing on the north side of the mill pond. He is described as a man of great piety, a regular attendant upon the church at Rockaway and of very simple habits. Stephen Jackson learned his trade of him, and in 1764 bought the last year of his tinie of him for ^100 — then considered a large sum — and with Andrew King leased ai5d carried on the forge for a time. If is said the two EARLY IRON FORGES. 41 young men kept bachelors' hall, doing their own cooking, which was of the simplest kind, by turns. In a few years they both had capital to go into business for themselves, and both became prominent iron manufacturers. Beman sold his forge to Canfield & Losey in 1792, and the new firm enlarged the business by the erection of rolling- mills, etc. In 1748 the land on both sides of the river at Rocka- way was located by Colonel Jacob Ford, and the tract was said to include " Job Allen's iron works." In 1767 letters of administration of Job Allen's estate were granted to Colonel Jacob Ford, his principal debtor; tending to the conclusion that the pioneer ironmaster of Rockaway had been no more successful than his neighbor at Dover. These iron works were built,>as near as can now be as- certained, in 1730. The little dam in the middle of the upper pond and covered ordinarily by water was that on which this earliest structure depended for its supply of water. In 1774 Joseph Prudden jr., of Morristown, conveyed to Thomas Brown and John Cobb one fire in this forge, ihe other being in the possession of David Beman. May 30th 1778 Cobb & Brown convey the same fire, with the appurtenances, " coal yards, dams and ponds," to Stephen Jackson. In 1780, January 2nd, David Beman conveyed his half of the forge to John Jacob Faesch; and January ist 1782 Stephen Jackson conveyed his part also to him. Faesch retained possession of the works until his death, when they were bought back by Stephen Jackson. In 181 2 Stephen Jackson devised this forge to his sons Wil- liam and John D. Jackson; but both interests were purchased by their brother Colonel Joseph Jackson, who had since 1809 been the owner of the lower forge at Rockaway. By him it was sold in 1850 to his son-in-law Samuel B. Halsey, to whose heirs it still belongs. It is evident that about the years 1748-50 a great ad- vance was made in the manufacture of iron. In 1741 a humble " representation " was made by the Council and House of Representatives to the governor of the province, Lewis Morris, setting forth the abundance of iron ore and the conveniences for making the same into pig and bar iron which existed, and that with proper encourage- ment they could probably in some years wholly supply that necessary commodity to Great Britain and Ireland, " for which they become annually greatly indebted to Sweden and other nations "; but that hitherto they had "made but small advantage therefrom, having imported but very inconsiderable quantities either of pig metal or bar iron into Great Britain, by reason of the great dis- couragement they be under for the high price of labor and the duties by act of Parliament on these commodities imported from his Majesty's plantations in America. That should it please the British Legislature to take off the duties at present payable on importations, and allow such bounty thereon as to them in their great wisdom might seem reasonable, the inhabitants of this and other of his Majesty's colonies in North America would be thereby the better enabled to discharge the respective balances due by them to their mother country, and greatly to increase the quantities of her manufactures by them exported (as their return would be in those only); where- by the annual debt by her incurred to Sweden and other foreign nations for iron would be considerably lessened, and the navigation and ship-building throughout the British dominions greatly encouraged and enlarged." This very humble petition seems to have had no im- mediate leffect; but in 1750 an act of Parliament was transmitted to the governor of the colony entitled " an act to encourage the importation of pig and bar iron from his Majesty's colonies in America, and to prevent the erection of any mill or other engine for slitting or rolling of iron, or any plating forge to work with a tilt hammer, or any furnace for making steel, in any of the said colon- ies." The act corresponded with its title; and, while it permitted the colonists to manufacture and send to the mother country pig and bar iron under certain regula- tions, it strictly forbade, under penalty of ;^20o, the erection of any such mill as was intended to be prohib- ited. They might make the crude article, but they must send it to the mother country to be reduced to such shape as to fit it for use. The forge man could make the iron bloom, but he must send it across the Atlantic to be rolled into the nail rods and horseshoe iron he and his neighbors required for their own use. The governors were ordered to report the mills, etc., then erected, and accordingly Governor Belcher reported that there were in New Jersey that year one mill for slitting and rolling iron, in Bethlehem township, Hunter- don county; one plating forge at Trenton and one furnace for making steel in Trenton — of which only the plating forge was then used; and besides these, the governor adds, " I do also certify that from the strictest inquiry I can possibly make there is no other mill or engine for slitting and rolling of iron, or plating forge which works with a tilt hammer, or furnace for making steel, within his Majesty's province of New Jersey." Whether as one of the effects of this law or not, several forges were built in the county about the time it went into operation. Colonel Jacob Ford, of Morristown, in 1750 "took up "or located the falls of the east branch of the Rockaway at Mt. Pleasant, and proceeded to erect two forges there. The same year he purchased the falls on the same stream at Denmark, where the "Burnt Meadow forge " was built. It is called " John Harri- man's Iron Works " in 1764, but a few years afterward was owned by Jacob Ford jr. In 1749 Jonathan Osborn purchased the falls midway between Denmark and Mt. Pleasant, and built what is known as Middle forge — the site of which is now owned by the United States. All these forges were in the hands of the Fords before the Revolutionary war. There was also a forge about half a mile below Lower Longwood in existence at the time of the war, which was called " Ford's forge," which was extinct in 1823; but exactly when it was built cannot be ascertained. In a deed made in 1803 from Samuel Tuthill to John P. Losey mention is made of the bridge that crosses the Rockawpy 42 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. River " a little above where the old Speedwell forge formerly stood." About this time, that is to say from 1750 to the break- ing out of the Revolutionary war, were also erected many other ancient forges. One stood on the Whippany River near Morristown, railed the Carmichael forge, and one at Malapardis, about three miles northeast of Morristown. Both of these were extinct before this century began. The Hathaway forge on the Whippany, close to the Morris and Essex Railroad, and about a mile west of Morris Plains station, was built by Captain James Keene, who was a captain in the Revolutionary army, and who ran it until 1780. Jonathan Hathaway, from whom it took its name, owned and ran it for over twenty-five years, then Benjamin Holloway until 1806, when it was burned down. It was rebuilt, but a fresliet in 1821 broke away the dam and it was not again in operation- On Den Brook, a tributary of the Rockaway, were built Shongum forge, owned by Deacon John Hunting- ton; Ninkey forge (owned by Abraham and John Kin ney in 1796 and sold as their property in 1799 to Caleb Russel), built and rebuilt several times; Coleraine (or Cold-rain) forge, lower down the stream; and still lower Franklin forge, built by John Cobb, Thomas Brown and Stephen Jackson just previous to the war. Hubbard S. Stickle, who has just died at the advanced age of ninety- eight years, and who himself built one forge and assisted in building several others, said he could remember when all four of these forges were running. Colonel James W. Drake writes in 1854 that, "princi- pally for the purpose of consuming the surplus wood, four forges for manufacturing iron were at different times erected in the township of Mendham, but the fires of all of them have been long extinguished. The ore for their supply was almost entirely furnished by the well known Suckasunny mine. A small amount of ore was at one time supplied by a mine in the village of Water Street, but at length the use of it was abandoned, as iron could not be made of it." From an old map made in 1823, showing the forges active and extinct in Morris county at that time, it appears that these forges were the "Rushes" and "Mendham" forges, on the north branch of the Raritan; "Leddle's forge," on a branch of the Passaic; and " Rye" forge, on the Whip- pany river at Water Street, all extinct. The mine spoken of by Colonel Drake was reopened and worked extensively since the last war by Ario Pardee and other lessees of the owner, Madison Connet. In 1751 John Johnston bought of the proprietors the falls of the Beach Glen Brook at Beach Glen, and built the forge known for many years as '' Johnston's iron works." It was sold by Job Allen to Benjam.in Beach and Henry Tuttle December 30th 1771, and Beach shortly after bought out his partner and continued to operate it until his death. Benjamin Beach (son of Abner Beach) is described as a self-made man, who, beginning with very small means, by integrity, industry and systematic perseverance acquired a large estate, owning at the time of his death over a thousand acres of land. Beach Glen before it was so called, in honor of himself, was called Horse Pound, because the early set- tlers, by building a fence from one high hill to the other, formed a pound into which they drove their wild horses to catch them. From Benjamin Beach the forge de- scended to his two sons Chilion and Samuel Searing; and the site is still in the family, being owned by Dr. Columbus Beach, the son of Chilion. The dam was swept away by a freshet in 1867, and has never been rebuilt. There was also an old forge at Troy, near the present residence of Andrew J. Smith, built probably by John Cobb. It (or, rather, its site— for the forge has gone down) is still owned in part by some of the descendants of Cobb, one-half being owned by Andrew J. Smith, whose father, Ebenezer F. Smith, ran it as late as i860. There was also an old forge at the head of Speedwell Pond, and another at the present dam at Speedwell where Arnold & Kinney erected their slitting-mill. Colonel Ford is said to have been the builder of these. • White Meadow was also a place of importance at lh"s time. A lot was located here in 1753 by David Beman, probably for the purpose of building a forge, and he and Thomas Miller were, no doubt, the builders of one. They or one of them conveyed to John Bigalow and Aaron Bigalow; for in 1769 the Bigalows gave a mort- gage of one-half of the forge " which was built at the place called White Meadow." October i8th 1774 the Bigalows gave a mortgage on a tract of 142^ acres (including the lot returned to Beman), said to be a tract which Thomas Miller bought of Thomas Barton and David Beman, and conveyed to said Bigalows by deed of even date with the mortgage. From the Biga- lows it fell into the possession of Abraham Kitchel, who conveyed it to Bernard Smith (the friend of Faesch) in 1792. Smith was obliged to part with it, and sold it to Isaac Canfield in 1802. About a mile below White Meadow was the forge well known as " Guinea forge," built by Colonel John Munson before 1774. A recital by Benjamin Beach and Abrahan Kitchel, in the minutes of the board of proprietors in 1785, quotes an application of Munson and Benjamin Beach in 1774 for a large tract of land lying near these works, which tells the history of this forge for the ten years previous, as follows: " To the Honorable the Council of Proprietors — A tract of land [was] surveyed by Thomas Millige to Ben- jamin Beach and Colonel John Munson of about 2,600 acres, but no deed has been given nor moneys paid except the surveying, recording, &c. Colonel Munson, being unable to carry on his forge, sold his forge and right to procure a deed in his name to Joshua Winget, who sold the same to Samuel Crane. Crane sold to Abijah Sherman, and when Sherman broke. Crane took the forge again and now Crane proves insolvent. Mr. Beach does not expect to take more than half of the land surveyed and recorded as above. Colonel Munson, not being able to attend, prays that his contract may be void. Abraham Kitchel and Mark Walton will take Colonel Munson's part provided they can have it for a' reasonable sum." EARLY FORGES— ANDREW KING— PETER HASENCLEVER. 43 With White Meadow forge Guinea forge fell into the hands of Abraham Kitchel, who conveyed it in 1791 to Bernard Smith, who conveyed it to Isaac Canfield in 1802. Both these forges were afterward owned by Colonel Thomas Muir, whose family still own White Meadow and the mine and large tracts surrounding. Guinea forge was bought by Hubbard S. Stickle, who owned its site at the time of his death. Both forges have long been down. The capacity of the forges built before the Revolution may be judged from a petition presented to the House of Assembly in September 1751, by the owners of bloom- aries in the county oT Morris, " setting forth that they humbly conceive their bloomaries are not comprehended in the late law for returning the taxables of the province; and that there are many bloomaries in the said county that don't make more than five or six tons of iron in a year; and that therefore the profits of such forges cannot pay any tax, but m'any of them on the contrary must be obliged to let their works fall if any tax be laid on them; and praying the House will rather encourage so publick a benefit, and instead of laying a tax grant a small bounty upon every ton of bar iron fitted for market, and a receipt of the same being shipped for London pro- duced to the treasurer, according to a late act of Par- liament." No action appears to have been taken upon this petition. The ore for these forges continued to be taken princi- pally from the Dickerson mine, on account of its greater richness and purity, though the great Jugular vein at Mount Hope and the vein at Hibernia had become known. The forgemen constituted a class by them- selves, handing down in many instances from father to son the trade they lived by. It was a day of simple habits and men lived on the plainest fare. Morristown was the chief source of supply, and many of the men made the trip on foot from the upper part of the county to that place once a week to get their supplies. From Henry Baker, of Mt. Pleasant, we have this incident of his grandfather, Andrew King, who was one of Colonel Ford's forgemen at Mt. Pleasant, and who at one time leased, as we have stated, the Dover forge of Josiah Beman. On one of his visits to Morristown for supplies the store keeper recommended to him tea as a new article of diet, which he would find very agreeable. He took a package of it home, with a very general idea of the man- ner in which it should be prepared for the table, and his good wife, who had never seen the article before, attempted to make a pudding of it. The bag in ^yhich she had se- cured it burst in the boiling, and with great difficulty she succeeded in keeping it within bounds during the cook- ing. Of course no one could eat the unpalatable dish, and on being asked how he liked it when in Morristown again he replied they did not want any more of it. When he described the use they had sought to make of it, it created no little amusement in the store. He said they "could neither eat the pudding nor drink the broth." However, he was persuaded to make a new trial, and with more definite instructions, and with wooden cups and saucers and a new package the use of the beverage was inaugurated under more favorable auspices. This Andrew King was a man of excellent character and thoroughly understood his busiriess. By his industry and thrift he acquired considerable property, and he died when over 90 years of age, in Dover, where he owned a house and farm on the hill south of the Morris and Essex depot. One of his daughters married Jeremiah Baker, of Mt. Pleasant. A son, John King, acted as clerk for Faesch at Mt. Hope and for Stotesbury at Hi- bernia, and finally in 1802 went with Nathan and David Ford to Ogdensburg, where they were the pioneers. Preston King, who it will be remembered was at one time collector of the port of New York, and committed suicide by jumping from a ferryboat in the North River, was a son of this John King. An incident to illustrate the capacity of these early forges is thus narrated by the late William Jackson: — While Colonel Jacob Ford owned and worked the Middle forge he lived at Morristown. One Saturday evening he returned home in fine spirits and said to his wife: " Now, wife, you must make one of your largest short cakes, for I have made one of the largest loops ever made in the county. How much do you think it weighed ?" he asked his wife. Of course she could not tell and asked him how much. He answered, " It weighed 28^ pounds ! was not that a big one !" Peter Hasenclever, a German born at Remscheid, in 1 7 16, came to this country about 1764 as the representa- tive of the London Company. Within three years he is said to have built a furnace at Charlotteburgh (on the borders of Morris county) and three miles further down stream a " finery forge," with four fires and two ham- mers, capable of making 250 tons of bar iron a year single handed and from 300 to 350 tons double handed; and a mile lower down still a second forge, of equal ca- pacity. He introduced many improvements in the manu- facture of iron and increased the capacity of the forges. Governor Franklin appointed a committee, consisting of Lord Stirling, Colonel John Schuyler, Major Tunis Day and James Grey, to examine into his acts in behalf of his company, with whom he had gotten into difficulty. This commission, reporting at Newark July 8th 1768, testified to the perfection of his iron works and to the fact that he had introduced many improvements in the manufacture of iron, some of which had been adopted in England. They said: " He is the first person that we know who has so greatly improved the use of the great natural ponds of this country as by damming them to secure reservoirs of water for the use of iron works in the dry season, without which the best streams are liable to fail in the great droughts we are subject to." They further said that he was the first to make old cinder beds profit- able; that he improved the furnaces by building the in- walls of slate instead of stones, which seldom lasted longer than a year or two, and by placing the stack under roof; that he only used overshot wheels, and " around the hammer-wheel, shafts with strong cast-iron rings, 44 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. whose arms served as cogs to lift the hammer handle." The commission, whose members were all interested in iron works and mines, and so able to speak authoritatively, said these contrivances were new ones — " at least they are new in America." It may be interesting to know that Hasenclever was justified by a decision of Lord Thurlow in England after a long litigation, and that he was so successful as a linen manufacturer in Silesia that he refused as advantageous invitation from Benjamin Franklin to return to America. After the Revolutionary war, and especially in the de- cade preceding and in that following 1800, many new forges were built, of larger size and some of them prob- ably occupying sites of others which had gone down. In a letter written to Richard Henry Lee in 1777 Wash- ington states that in " Morris county alone tliere are be- tween eighty and one hundred iron works, large and small." Unless the writer counted each fire of every forge it is impossible to verify this statement by locating the iron works, or even then unless some of those known to have been built at a later period were built on sites of ■ older forges. Charcoal furnaces had been built before the war, but while ore and charcoal were so abundant, and the work of refining so little understood, there was sufficient demand for bloomary iron to make work for all the forges; and the time of greatest prosperity among the bloomaries was the earlier part of this century and before anthracite coal came into use. Besides the forges mentioned, some of which were still in operation, the principal other forges of the county after the war were as follows: Beginning at the head waters of the west branch of the Rockaway River we have nearest its source the Hopewell forge, near the boundary line of, if not within, Sussex county. It was built, tradition says, by Colonel Samuel Ogden, of Boonton, and was probably rebuilt by Samuel G. I. De Camp about 181 2. It has long been idle, and is going to ruin. The next forge, a mile below Hopewell, called "Russia," was built before 1800, and was long known as William Headley's forge. Prof. Cook places its erection as early as 1775. It was an old forge in 1806, when it was owned by William Fichter. It was owned in 1828 by Joseph Chamberlain, and is now by Jetur R. Riggs. Colonel Samuel Ogden conveyed the land on vvhich it was built to Thomas Keepers in 1800; and Mrs. Davenport, Thomas Keepers's daughter, says that there were forges here and at Hopewell before 1800, which were called " Upper and Lower Farmingham forges." Situate as Russia forge is, just where the river issues from the mountains with a fall of twenty-five or thirty feet, the site was a most desirable one and was probably early taken up. The next forge, a mile lower down, was called the " Swedeland forge." It was built by John Dow, Cor- nelius Davenport and Jacob Riker, before 1800. Dow was the leading spirit in the enterprise. In 1806 Colonel John Stanburrough took possession of the premises, and he operated the forge more or less at intervals until his death, which occurred in 1862. He took the premium of the Morris County Agricultural Society over fifty years ago for making a ton of octagon iron in the shortest time. The premium was a silver oup, which is held as an heirloom in the family by his youngest daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Dalrymple, of Branchville, N. J. The forge has been repaired by Albert R. Riggs, its present owner, and is now in a better state of preservation than any other forge in Jefferson township. The next forge, about one and a half miles below Swedeland, is Petersburg. This is a very old forge, some placing its erection as early as 1730. The land was lo- cated for Robert Hunter Morris and James Alexander, June 3d 1754. Jonah Austin mortgaged to Abraham Ogden, October ist 1777. one quarter interest in the forge and lot called " Petersburg." It has also been called " Arnold's " forge, having once been owned by Jacob Arnold, of the Speedwell iron works. It has been transferred many times, but has now gone to decay. The site is owned by Lev/is Chamberlain. On a branch of the Rockaway River which comes in from the east below Petersburg is built the " Hard Bar- gain " forge, now owned by Stephen Strait. It stands on the same tract originally as the Petersburg forge, from which it is distant only a quarter of a mile in an air line. It was built about 1795, by an association of persons among whom were John Dow, Christian Strait, John Davenport and others. Though a one-fired forge it had at one tmie nine partners. In 1828 it belonged to Adams & Dean. The buildings are still in good repair, but have long been disused. Passing down the Rockaway River about one and a half miles we come next to Woodstock forge. This is of comparatively recent origin, having been built about the year 1825, by Ephraim Adams, James L. Dickerson and Stephen Adams. The tract of land (1,748 acres) upon which it stands was returned to Skinner & Johnson for Thomas Kinney in 1774. This forge never made a large quantity of iron, the fall in the stream being insufficient to give proper hammering capacity to draw out the iron when made. It belongs to Zopher O. Talmadge, who uses it as a distillerv. The next forge below Woodstock is the Upper Long- wood forge, which stands in the same tract of 1,748 acres as the Woodstock. It is a very old forge and large quantities of iron have been made there. John De Camp became its owner about 1798 and it is said to have been rebuilt by him on a new foundation, a' freshet having carried out the old works. De Camp, who carried on the forge until 1817, was a brother of Joseph, Lemuel and David De Camp, all of whom were more or less en- gaged in iron manufacture. An anchor shop was at one time attached to this forge, in which large quantities of anchors were manufactured and many men employed. The forge buildings have fallen or been torn down, and the property, containing some 2,00c acres of land, is now owned by John Kean, of Elizabeth. The next forge in order and a mile lower down the stream is the Lower Longwood forge, standing on the FORGES ON THE ROCKAWAY. 45 same tract of 1,748 acres above mentioned. It is said to have been built by Ebenezer Tuttle and Grandin Morris, about 1796, and bought by Canfield & Losey in 1806. From them it passed into the hands of Black- well & McFarlan. It is now the property of John Hance, but has long ceased to be a forf;,e. Below Lower Longwood was the old Speedwell or Ford forge, already spoken of. For much of the above information respecting the forges on the upper Rockaway we are indebted to Horace Chamberlain, of Oakridge, formerly a member of the Legislature from this county, a gentleman whose local knowledge and lifelong experience as a surveyor have made him very familiar with the history especially of the northerly part of the county. Next in order is the " Valley forge," within sight of the track of the Morris and Essex Railroad, which was built by Jared Coe and Minard Lefever, probably before or during the Revolutionary war. Prof. Cook places the date at 1780. It came into the hands of Canfield & Losey about 1800, and was burned down in i8r4. Jeremiah Baker, the son-in-law of Andrew King, and who had already commenced to acquire the large property which he afterward possessed, built it up with an agreement to purchase; but after working it for a year Canfield & Losey took it back, and Baker bought it a second time of Blackwell & McFarlan, who had succeeded to the bus- iness and property of Canfield & Losey, in 1817. This was with an understanding that Blackwell & McFarlan should take all the iron he made. In 1828 it again burned down, and was rebuilt by Mr. Baker. In 1875 it was burned a third time, \vhile rented by Messrs. Mc- Clees, of New York, from Henry and William H. Baker, to whom their father had devised it. It has not been rebuilt. The next forge on the west branch, and just before its junction with the east branch of the Rockaway, is Wash- ington forge, which was built by Charles Hoff and his brother-in-law Joseph De Camp about the year 1795. Charles Hoff sold his half to Joseph Hurd in 1808, and the De Camp heirs theirs 10 Joseph Dickerson, who owned the whole in 1828. It was run by Henry McFarlan until within a few years. Beginning at the head waters of the east branch of the Rockaway River, or, as it is called, Burnt Meadow Brook, the first forge was the " Burnt Meadow forge," or "Denmark," owned by Harriman & Sayre, and Jacob Ford jr., as we have seen, in its beginning. In 1806 the Fords sold to Benjamin Holloway, who built the present or last forge. Hubbard S. Stickle stated that he man- aged for Holloway from December 1806 to December 1807, while it was being built. The old forge had then entirely disappeared. Holloway failed in 1818, and in 1823 It was bought by George Stickle (father of Hubbard S. Stickle), who sold it in 182 r to John Hardy. John M. Eddy bought in 1841 and carried it on for several years, when it fell into the possession of Edward R. Biddle, then the owner of Mt. Hope. It finally, in 1858, came to the possession of Ernest Fiedler, of New York city, to whose heirs it still belongs. It has long been disused. About forty years ago " Big " Samuel Merritt built a forge on a little brook running out of Gravel Dam, on what is called the Garrigus place, near Denmark; but it was a small affair and soon abandoned. The next forge down the stream was " Middle forge," already mentioned. In 1773 Colonel Jacob Ford sen. conveyed this forge to Colonel Jacob Ford jr., and in 1778 the executors of Jacob Ford jr. conveyed it to John Jacob Faesch, who ran it in connection with his works at Mount Hope until his death, June 28th 1800. General John Doughty, as commissioner appointed to sell the lands of Faesch, conveyed it to Moses Phillips jr.. who rebuilt and ran the forge for a number of years. Under him it was called the " Aetna forge." In 1839 it came into the hands of Samuel F. Righter, who conveyed it in r8s3 to his brother George E. Righter. He ran it till within a few years, when it was permitted to go to decay. The United States purchased the forge seat in 1880 with the large tract of land around it of Mr. Righter, and the government is now putting up extensive powder maga- zines there. For this purpose no other place was found to contain equal advantages. It was very easy of access to the seaboard, possessed a valuable water power, and the tract was as secluded as could be desired. The next forge is the Mount Pleasant forge, already spoken of. Here were at one time a four-fire forge above the bridge and a smaller one below. The upper or large forge was down before the beginning of this century; the lower one was standing to within a few years. The Rockaway River after the union of its two branches flows first through Dover, where were the old Josiah Beman forge and Schooley's forge (the Quaker iron works), already mentioned, and, it is said, a forge built by Moses Doty. Of these only one survived to the present century and became merged in the extensive iron works of Canfield & Losey, which will be spoken of hereafter. Below Dover the first forge on the Rockaway River was the old iron works of " Job Allen," where is the present forge at Rockaway, of which an account has been given. The lower forge at Rockaway was built by Stephen Jackson, after he had sold his interest in the upper one and found Faesch unwilling to sell it back to him. He had served as captain of militia cavalry in the Revolu- tionary war, and in the severe winter of 1780-1 was occu- pied with his company reconnoitering the enemy's lines below Short Hills. In this service he contracted a pul- monary disease which he supposed would terminate fatally, and in this belief sold his forge to Faesch. Afterward, recovering his health, he tried in vain to re- purchase it. A freshet in the winter of 1794-5 formed an ice dam below the upper dam and on his own land. He was prompt to act on this suggestion, building the next year the lower dam and forge at Rockaway, which he sold in rSog to his son Joseph. It remained in his 46 History of morris county. possession until 1852, when he conveyed it with the rolling-mill to Freeman Wood. It was never afterward used as a bloomary forge. It was used in the manufac- ture of steel, but only for a short time, and was then suffered to fall to pieces after the last war. A mile below the village of Rockaway a stream joins the Rockaway River, coming from the north, known as Beaver Brook. It is made up of three principal streams —the White Meadow Brook, upon which were built the White Meadow forge and Guinea forge already men- tioned; the Beach Glen Brook, upon which were the Hibernia forge and the Beach Glen forge (the old "Johnson iron works"); and the Meriden Brook, upon which were the Durham forge, the Split Rock forge and the two Meriden forges. Hibernia forge was built by William Scott after the furnace there went down. It ran but a short time, and has been gone for forty years at least. Of the Beach Glen forge mention has already been made. Durham forge, at Greenville, was built by Ebenezer Cobb, about the year 1800. Its site belongs to the estate of Andrew B. Cobb, deceased; but though the dam still retains a pond there is nothing left of the forge but the heavy castings, which vegetation has almost covered up. The Split Rock forge. was built about 1790, by a Mr, Farrand. It was bought by Colonel Lemuel Cobb, and formed part of that large tract of about 3,000 acres at Split-rock which was divided among his three heirs — Andrew B. Cobb, Mrs. William C. H. Waddell and Mrs. Benjamin Howell. The forge in the division fell to Andrew B. Cobb, and still forms a part of his estate. The old bloomary fires, however, have been replaced by a Wilson deoxidizer, which, by a process that introduces the ore heated and mingled with heated pulverized char- coal to three fires arranged around one stack, makes a charcoal bloom similar to that of the old-fashioned fire, but much more rapidly. Of the two forges at Meriden, one on the north side and the other on the south side of the public road, the upper one was built shortly after Split Rock and possibly by the same parties, the lower one by Peter Hiler, about 1820. Colonel John Hinchman, of Denville, once owned this lower forge; from him it passed to John Righter, of Parsippany. Both forges have been down for many years. Below the mouth of Beaver Brook, at Denville, Den Brook enters the Rockaway from the southwest. Upon this stream were the Shongum, Ninkey, Cold-rain and Franklin forges, which have been mentioned. Near the Rockaway River in Rockaway Valley, on a brook coming from the hills on the west, James Dixon built in 1830 the forge which was operated for about thirty years by him and his two sons Cyrus and William. On another little stream which joins the Rockaway at Rockaway Valley, and about two miles north of the Valley church, a forge was built by John Deeker about 1825 and called Deeker's forge. It was running to within a few years of the last war. Following down the Rockaway the next forge is Powerville forge, built in 1794 by William Scott. In 1836 Scott built the rolling-mill on the same property. In the division of Colonel Scott's real estate this fell to his son Elijah D. Scott, who by deed and devise con- veyed it to Thomas Willis, in whose family the property still remains. The forge is yet in working order, though like the one at Rockaway used principally for working over scrap. Three miles below Powerville on the Rockaway is Old Boonton, of whose slitting-mill mention will be made hereafter. In connection with this mill was a four-fire forge, which long survived the other mills and was in op- eration until a late date. Besides the forges mentioned there were in the county several others. Benjamin Roome writes that Simon Van Ness had a forge on the Morris county side of the Pe- quannock River, about one and a half miles above Bloom- ingdale, which was worked by Robert Colfax as late as about 181 1, when a freshet tore it to pieces and it was not rebuilt. In 1821-2 Hubbard S. Stickle built the Montgomery forge, on Stone Meadow Brook, a tributary of the Pe- quannock, about two miles above Stony Brook. It is no longer in operation. < About the same time Timber Brook forge was built near Greenville, on Copperas Brook, a stream running north into the Pequannock, by John Dow. It was owned in 1828 by George Stickle, and afterward by Matthias Kitchel. Since the death of Mr. Kitchel it has been suf- fered to go to decay. On the stream running south into Lake Hopatcong were built two forges. The upper one, called the " Well- done " — since shortened into Weldon — forge, was built by Major Moses Hopping, probably about 1800. The land was located in 1793. The forge now belongs to Hon. William E. Dodge, of New York. The lower forge was built shortly before the other, probably in 1795, by Daniel and Joseph Hurd, and called by them " New Partners." On the Musconetcong River there were several forges, but mostly on the Sussex side of the river. June 5th 1764 Benjamin and Thomas Coe deeded to Garret Rapalye " all one half of a certain forge with one fire, and one equal undivided half part of five acres of land which was surveyed for the use of s'd forge, with half of the stream or water only (excepting what the saw- mill now standing upon the same premises draw), stand- ing, lying and being upon Musconetcong River, in the province of New Jersey aforesaid, near the uppermost falls below the mouth of the Great Pond." January ist 1768 Rapalye leased to Joseph and John Tuttle, who were brothers and living then in Hanover, his iron works for five years at ^300 a year, reserving the right to build a furnace on one end of the dam. The Tuttles were to deliver all the iron they made to Rapalye in New York for _;^28 per ton for refined iron, and ^^24 per ton for Whippany or bloomed iron, but the prices to vary with changes in the market. This lease was so onerous that it caused the failure of the Tuttles. FORGES ON THE RARITAN AND PEQUANNOCK. 47 In the New Jersey Gazette, 1778, is noticed the sale of a large tract of land " at the head of the Musconetcong River, about 35 miles from Elizabethtown and 4 from Suckasunny Plains, containing about 3,000 acres, having on it a large forge with four fires and two hammers, * * * which is now under lease for eight and a half tons of bar iron per annum." Rapalye mortgaged this forge to a London merchant, and on foreclosure of this mort- gage it was sold in 1809 by the sheriff to Thomas Cad- wallader, a lawyer of Philadelphia. September 25th 181 1 Cadwallader sold it to James and John R. Hinch- man, for $1,000. William Jackson wrote that the Brooklyn forge was built by Phineas Fitz Randolph previous to 1800, and carried on by him and James Hinchman for many years. In 1828 it was said to be the property of Charles F. Ran- dolph. The Stanhope forges were built by Silas Dickerson, brother of Governor Mahlon Dickerson, soon after Brook- lyn forge was built. They were carried on by him until he was killed in the nail factory which he had just built, in 1807. On the south branch of the Raritan there were at least three forges. William Stephens built one in 1840 about a mile below Budd's Lake, which was in operation but a few years, when it went down. George Salmon owned one at Upper Bartleyville, which was running as late as 1862; and .at Bartleyville was the old forge known as " Welsh's forge," which ran down about 1840. Professor Cook gives the date of its erection asji79o. There is located on an old map (1823) the site of an "extinct forge," called Eaton, near Bartleyville, and another below the junction of the north and south branches, called " Casterline's." On the north branch at Flanders was an old forge, built by William Hinchman in 1802, and which ran for about forty years. In 181 2 he advertised in the 7l/i??-w- town Herald a large amount of property for sale, includ- ing " an excellent two-fire forge, in complete repair, for making bar iron, with workmen's houses, orchards, gardens, &c." On Black River were also three forges — one, whose ruins are remembered by old people — about a mile above the grist-mill of the late General Cooper; one at Hackle- barney, which was running until a late date, and one about a mile below Hacklebarney, which has long gone to decay. At Shippenport was built in 1844 a forge, to run by the waste water of the Morris Canal in summer and by a small natural stream at other seasons. This forge was greatly enlarged by Anson G. P. Segur a few years ago, and it is still in working order. Of the forges on the Pequannock River, which is the northerly boundary line of the county, it is proper to give some account, though the buildings were not on the Morris county side of the river. Horace Chamberlain has furnished the following information concerning them: Before the river leaves Sussex county, at the head waters was Canistear forge, worked at one time by 'Squire Adam Smith and the Day brothers. It has long since gone into disuse. Below this forge is " Margoram forge," so named from its former owner Stephen F. Margoram. It was carried away by the freshets of 1850. Mr. Margoram said to Mr. Chamberlain, after that event, that he had been trying to get out of the iron business, but the freshets had closed him out. Going down the river, just below the junction of its two branches, near Snufftown, are the ruins of another old forge — probably the creation of the enterprising spirit of John O. Ford, one of the leading forgemen of his day. It was called " New forge," and from this it may be supposed it was built after the others; but they were all of them comparatively recent. Farther down the river but still in Sussex county is " Windham forge." The corner of the counties of Mor- ris and Passaic in the line of Sussex county is a rock marked " M. S.," on the edge of the stream, about four chains below this forge. Windham was built by John O. Ford and run by him and his sons, the last one of whom was Sidney Ford, who finished his career as an iron- maker there. After Sidney Ford left it Frederick W. Dellecker, formerly surrogate of the county, became the owner, and from him it passed to Albert R. Riggs, its present owner. It is the only forge on the Pequannock which is still in working order. Next in order down the stream are the ruins of the old " Warner forge," so called from the Warner broth- ers, who, associated with a man named Hoops, under the firm name of " Warner & Hoops," purchased, improved and enlarged the forge about the year 1840, and after several years' unsuccessful operation vacated the prem- ises and returned to Pennsylvania, their native State. The site is now owned by Peter Tracy. Two or three hundred yards down the stream was the " Methodist forge,'' in after years known as " John Lewis forge." By whom and when it was built is unknown, but it was probably built by John O. Ford. After Mr. Lewis it came into the possession of Daniel Hulme and after him of Ebenezer W. Temple. It is now owned by his brother William Temple. Stockholm, next in order, some two or three hundred yards farther down the stream, was probably one of John O. Ford's enterprises. It remained in the Ford family until carried away by the freshets in 1850 while being worked by Horace Ford, one of the sons of John O. Ford. The three last mentioned forges are all on a tract of 492.22 acres returned in 1800 and known as John O. Ford's large tract. About three-eighths of a mile down said stream, where the mountains seemingly diverge to the right and left to give room for that valley of farming land known as Newfoundland, we come to what is called in common parlance the " Gregory forge," from its founder, Samuel S. Gregory, who gave it the more classic name of " Car- thage." One of the lots of this forge property was lo- cated in 1763. It now belongs to Jetur A. Riggs. The Pequannock River after leaving the mountains flows more slowly and sluggishly along, now to the right 48 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. and now to the left, through the farming and meadow lands some six or seven miles to the village of New- foundland, the center of which is the hotel of John P. Brown. At this village a small forge was erected about forty years ago by an association of persons, among whom were the late Peter B. Brown and Ebenezer Cobb. It stands on a tract of 320.16 acres returned for James Alexander and Robert H. Morris, October 25th 1754. This forge has been called " 'Squire Cobb's forge," " Cobb & Bigalow's forge," and '" Bigalow & Dceker's forge," and sometimes " Tobacco forge " from its limited power. Its present owner, John W. Bigalow, has con- verted it into a saw-mill. About a mile above Brown's hotel Cedar Brook, flow- ing from the north, joins the Pequannock; up this brook about a mile was the celebrated Clinton iron-- works (so called in honor of De Witt Clinton), built by William Jackson in 1826 and in the six years following. Though entirely in Passaic county it was a Morris county enter- prise and undertaken by Morris county men. William Jackson was a son of Stephen Jackson of Rockaway, and had but recently, with his brother, built the rolling-mill there. Selling out his interest in the Rockaway mill he entered this then perfectly wild forest region, erected a saw-mill, forge and blast furnace, sawed timber and made iron, which he carted to Dover and Rockaway for mar- ket. The first blast was made under the supervision of John F. Winslow, a son-in-law of Mr. Jackson, afterward one of the i)roprietors of the Albany iron works. It commenced October 4th 1833 and continued until Feb- ruary 5th 1834. The second blast commenced May 9th 1834, and ended April 29th 1835. The third and final blast commenced August 25th 1835, and ended January 30th 1836. Mr. Jackson employed many men and teams in the transportation of his lumber and iron to their destination, and the returning trips were made with ore. He made roads and built dwelling houses and out-build- ings for his men and teams and such as were necessary for his business; also a grist-mill. An anchor shop was built and anchors were made. While the works were being constructed iron fell one half or more in price, ow- ing to the tariff legislation, and Mr. Jackson was obliged to stop operations. All the works have long been idle. Forge, saw-mill and grist-mill have disappeared, but the furnace stack still stands. The water power is a splendid one and the water, descending in three or four falls be- tween one and two hundred feet, presents a beautiful and romantic place to visit. Mr. Winslow went to Troy, N. Y., where he entered into partnership with Erastus Corning. The " Monitor," which met the " Merrimac " off Fortress Monroe in 1861, was built by them and" actually owned by them at the time of its wonderful victory. About two miles below Mr. Brown's is Charlotteburgh, or Charlottenburg, as it is generally called; so named, it is said, in honor of Queen Charlotte. Here, as has been said, the London Company had its furnaces, etc., before the Revolutionary war. The property was long in the possession of Chilion Ford De Camp and his son Edward De Camp, both Morris county men — the latter a son-in- law of Colonel William Scott, owner at one time of Hi- bernia, Povverville, etc. It is now owned by Hon. Abram S. Hewitt. A mile below Charlotteburgh was a small one-fire-forge, erected by the late John Smith in 1850, at a place called Smith's Mills. But little .iron was made here — hardly enough to make a cinder bank — and it long ago went to destruction. The next forge down the stream is the Bloomingdale forge, owned by Martin John Ryerson, near the old Ogden furnace. It is not now in operation. CHAPTER VIII. CHARCOAL FURNACES — POMPTON, HIBERNIA, MT. HOPE AND SPLIT ROCK. HE first furnace within the present limits of Morris county was probably the one built at Bloomingdale, about a mile above Pompton, by the Ogdens. Benjamin Roome, for many years a deputy surveyor of the board of pro- prietors, and who has been engaged all his life in surveying and searching titles in Morris and Passaic, ascribes its erection to them. He states that he saw the stack still looking fair seventy years ago. It was close to the high bank, about one-eighth of a mile below where Stony Brook empties into the Pequannock. The Midland Railroad now passes just in front of its site. It has not been in blast since 1800, and must have been built many years before. It is now gone. The Ogdens were from Newark, and were the pioneers in furnace- building in this section, as well as in the manufacture of iron generally. April 15th 1740 Cornelius Board sold to Josiah Ogden, John Ogden jr., David Ogden sen., David Ogden jr. and Uzal Ogden, all of Newark and called the " Ringwood Company," sixteen acres of land at Ring- wood, where they built the furnace afterward purchased of them in 1764 by Peter Hansclever for the London Company. The Ringwood Company was thus the pre- decessor of the London Company. Josiah Ogden and David Ogden were brothers, and David had sons. John, David and Uzal. Josiah had a son named David and one named Jacob. It is quite probable that the David Ogden jr. was the son of Josiah Ogden, and the same afterward known as the Old Judge, and whose sons — Samuel, Abraham and Isaac — were men of mark in their day, Samuel being in partnership with or succeeding his father in Old Boonton. November 27th 1766 John Ogden and Uzal Ogden of Newark mortgaged to Thomas Pennington and Ferdi- nand Pennington, of Bristol, England, several tracts in the counties of Bergen and Morris, and among the rest a tract at Bloomingdale partly in Morris and partly in POMPTON AND HIBERNIA FURNACES. 49 Bergen, conveyed to them in two lots — one, containing 137.64 acres, by Philip Schuyler and wife, August ist 1759; 'he other, containing 34 acres, by Guilliam Batolf, October 1765. It is altogether probable that on this tract the furnace stood and that the deeds to the Ogdens indicate when it was built. After the sale in 1764 to the London Company by the Ogdens we meet frequently with their names in the his- tory of the iron business of Morris county. Samuel Ogden resided at Boonton. April 17th 1776 Joseph Hoff speaks of a moulder whom he desired to obtain having been applied to by Messrs. Ogden, of Pompton furnace, to work at that business. It seems from this that the Ogdens after locating at Old Boonton still had their furnace at Pompton. HIBERNIA FURNACE. If the Bloomingdale furnace was not built before 1765 then the first one in the county was the Hibernia furnace — styled in its beginning " The Adventure." A very in- teresting sketch of this enterprise during the Revolu- tionary war has been written for the May 1880 meeting of the New Jersey Historical Society by Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., and published in the 6th volume of the society's proceedings. Much of the material used in making up this sketch is taken from that article. Hibernia is situated about four miles north of Rocka- way and is now connected with it by a railroad. Horse- pond Brook, coming from between high hills on the west, here falls into a little valley almost surrounded by other hills. On the northeast side of this valley and from the side of one of these hills the celebrated vein of iron ore outcropped. Here John Johnston obtained his ore for his " iron works " at Beach Glen, without troubling him- self as to ownership. May 17th 1753 Joshua Ball located the level ground on which is built the village of Hibernia, his tract covering both sides of the brook and a strip sixteen chains long up the face of the northerly hill, containing the outcrop, with a view, no doubt, of including the vein of ore for that distance. July ist 1761 Colonel Jacob Ford located a lot of 1.87 acres on the vein next northeast of the Ball survey. It is de- scribed as "lying upon Horse Pond Mountain, which is on the east side of Horse Pound Brook;" and the metes and bounds begin ninety-four links from the northwest cor- ner of Ball's survey, " upon a mine called Horse Pound mine." The land about this tract was afterward located by Samuel Ford, and disputes frequently arose as to its boundaries, by reason of the uncertainty of its descrip- tion and the variations of the magnetic needle, by which the lines were run and which was entirely untrustworthy in the presence of such large bodies of magnetic iron ore. The mine on this lot is still called the " Ford mine." April 6th 1765 and June 25th 1765 five tracts were re- turned to Samuel Ford, four containing ten acres each and one containing 10.34 acres, which were "about one mile and a half above John Johnston's iron works." They were upon the vein of ore and upon the stream above the Ball survey. They were located evidently for the purpose of building the furnace, and the work was immediately begun; for November 23d 1765, in describ- ing a tract of land returned to Henry Tuttle, farther up the stream, it was said to be "about three fourths of a mile from the new furnace called the Adventure." Though the lands were returned to Ford alone, yet this was probably for greater convenience only, as Octo- ber 28th 1765 Ford and his wife Grace, by two deeds of that date, conveyed one third of the several lots so lo- cated to James Anderson and another third to Benjamin Cooper, retaining the other third. Of James Anderson very little can be gathered except the recital in the deed to him that he was from Sussex county. The other two partners became notorious for their crimes, which brought one under sentence of the gallows, and made the other a fugitive for his life. Samuel Ford was a nephew of Colonel Jacob Ford sen., and Cooper was a son of Daniel Cooper, one of the judges of the county. Both were found to be engaged in counterfeiting; and Ford is supposed to have been concerned in the robbery of the treasury at Amboy, in 1768. Ford was the master spirit; and Cooper, when convicted and sentenced to be hung, at the September term of the Morris court, in the year 1773, charged his misfortune to his partner. The history of this crime and the fate of its perpetrators is related in another part of this book. September 17th 1765 a lot of 20.39 acres adjoining the Ball survey was returned to Thomas Stites, and by him conveyed to Lord Stirling; and the next year and in 1768 and 1769 several other tracts in the neighborhood of Hibernia were returned to Lord Stirling. Three of them located in 1766 are said to be for the purpose of conveying them to James Anderson and Benjamin Cooper. There is no record of the transaction; but it would seem from these locations, and from the fact that in 177 1 a suit was brought against Stirling, Benjamin Cooper and Samuel Ford, that Anderson had sold his interest to Stirling about this time. From a letter written by Cooper while in Morristown jail under sen- tence of death it also appears that Ford had that year conveyed his interest to Stirling, and that he (Cooper) had done the same. The letter was written in his dire extremity with a view to interest Stirling in his welfare, and pretending that he could be of great assistance to him if his Hfe was spared, and could show him wherein Ford was overreaching him in the sales. Taking all these circumstances into account it is probable that m 1 771 Stirling became the sole owner of Hibernia. William Alexander, or Lord Stirling, as he is generally called, was a man of high character and standing, and very prominent in the councils of the State. His biog- raphy, written by his grandson, Hon. William A. Duer, has been published by the New Jersey Historical Society; but a brief account of his life may properly be inserted here. He was born in 1726, in the city of New York, the son of James Alexander, a fugitive from Scotland on account of his adherence to the house of Stuart. On the- breaking out of the French war in 1755 young 5° HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Alexander became the aide-de-camp of General Shirley, and he served in that capacity during the greater part of the war. In 1737 the earldom of Stirling became vacant, and on the death of his father, who made no claim to it although eniitled to do so, William Alexander preferred his claim, and in 1757 went to England to press his suit in person. In America his right to the title was never questioned. In 1761 he returned to America, and shortly after built the mansion at Basking Ridge in which he after- ward resided. He was chosen a member of the Provincial Council and held that office till the Revolution. He was also surveyor-general of the State. On the breaking out of the war he was commissioned as colonel of a regiment of Somerset militia by the Provincial Congress of New Jersey; but before the regiment could be gotten ready he was appointed by Congress to take command of two regiments in the continental service. March ist 1776 he was commissioned by Congress to be a brigadier-general and was stationed at New York. At the battle of Long Island he was captured, with a force of about four hun- dred Marylanders, part of his command, with which he had attacked a superior force under Cornwallis in order to enable the main body of his men to escape. On the 19th of February 1777 he was promoted by Congress to be a major-general, and as such served with distinction until his death, which occurred at Albany, January 15th 1783, in consequence of fatigue of body and mind, to which his arduous military service had exposed him. F'rom the building of the Adventure furnace in 1765 until 1775 the business of making iron was carried on; but to what extent we have no record. After 1775 we have some account of its operations in the letters of Jo- seph and Charles Hoff, who were Lord Stirling's man- agers at Hibernia, and whose letters to their principal have been preserved. In that year Joseph Hoff, a brother-in-law of Benjamin Cooper, came from Hunter- don county to take charge of the works. He was assisted at first, and at his death, in 1777, succeeded by his brother Charles Hoff jr., who was in turn assisted by a younger brother John. Charles Hoff continued to be manager at Hibernia until 1781, when he removed to Mount Pleasant, at which place he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in 181 1. Extracts from his letters will best give the history of matters during the busy scenes of the war. The works of the London Com- pany had been burned, and the furnace at Hibernia and that recently erected at Mount Hope became important to both the army and people. On May 17th 1775 Joseph Hoff writes to Robert Erskine, the manager for the London Company at Char- lotteburgh, Long Pond and Ringwood, and in his letter says: " I lately received a letter from Messrs. Murray, N. Y., informing me that all the powder in that place had been secured for the safety of the province in case matters were to come to such desperate lengths as that they must have recourse to blows with the parent State. Alarmed at this piece of news I went immediately to New York to know what was to be done with the works, they being lately put in blast, a large stock of wood cut and great number of hands employed at the coaling and other business, and not more than five weeks ore now raised. They answered me that, although the most diligent search has been made for powder, not a single pound was to be had; but that a little before this general stop- page took place % cwt. had been sent for us to Eliza- bethtown, which they hoped would serve us as a tem- porary relief till more could be had. I went immediately to Elizabethtown, where I found the committee of that place had seized on all the powder we had there and would not suffer it to be removed in this exigency." The letter further states that in case the powder is not to be had he will be obliged to adopt a measure " disa- greeable to both of us," and prevent Erskine " from, tak- ing oar from the upper part of the mine called Lord Stirling vein," which he was doing under permit of Colonel Ogden. Colonel Samuel Ogden, who is the one referred to, claimed an interest in the Ford mine. But this threat did not produce the desired effect. Erskine visited Ogden at once at Old Boonton and Ogden main- tained his right to the ore. Under date of May 25th 1775 Hoff writes to Stirling: " The furnace goes well, as do all the other branches of business. We have made 70 tonus iron already, but not more than four or five tonns gone down. I wrote you we received two casks of powder from E. Town." Again he writes, " The furnace goes extremely well — we shall make at least twenty tons weekly." April 17th 1776 Hoff writes to Messrs. Murray that " Lord Stirling told me he would find us work at casting cannon that would weigh from 25 to 30 cwt., which are 9 or 12 pounders; these we can do, but not heavier." He further inquires as to quantity and price, and says, " It will do to engage at 45' or 43;^ proc. [proclamation money] per ton provided we have the making the balls for the cannon, and they should alway go together." In May the manager drops the subject of cannon to write: " Our people are so distressed for rum that I believe I must have one hogshead, let the price be what it will. They must pay accordingly. I hope you will not forget about the powder." June 9th 1776 he writes: " All the miners have been quite idle for want of powder. The furnace will soon get ahead of us, using, the ore so fast, when it will be impossible for the miners to keep her going." Under the same date he writes that himself and Faesch are anxious to receive the moulds for the cannon, etc., which had not yet arrived. August 3d Mr. Hoff writes: " Last night we made a trial at casting one of the guns, but unfortunately for us we brought the furnace too low and it missed in the breech. All the rest was sound and good. We have had to make a good many preparations; our clay was bad. However, we are not discouraged, but willing to try again, being convinced that the iron will answer. I have now to inform you that we shall set about it with all the vigor imaginable. We shall not, however, cast any more till we have all things in readi- ness. We propose to have twelve or fourteen of the moulds ready by the last of next week, after which the moulder assures me he will make three or four a day till the whole are finished. But as a most enormous expense attends the business it will not be in our power to make the small guns under 7d.' York money per pound. If MILITARY WORK AT HIBERNIA— HESSIAN LABORERS. SI the general consents thereto you will please by the return of the post to inform." Under date of August 31st 1776 Mr. Hoff writes to Colonel Moylan: "A certain Mr. Thomas Ives apply'd to me to make a number — say 36 or 38 three-pounder cannon for the giindolers. We had two ready for trial some two days past. I wrote twice to Mr. Ives to come up for that end, but not hearing from him I yesterday charged the cannon with two full cartridges made up for the three- pounder and two balls, and have the pleasure to inform you it stood and is undoubtedly good. I made no agree- ment with Mr. Ives as to the price, and as a most enor- mous expense attends the business I do not choose to go on till I hear from you. I have consulted with Mr. Faesch and Messrs. Ogden, ironmasters, and we are clear that we cannot make cannon at less than ^^o proc. per ton and powder to prove them. If you consent to allow me that price I will immediately engage a set of mould- ers and drive on the business with spirit. We can make, 1 believe, from three to nine and perhaps twelve-pound- ers. I would be much obliged for your answer by the return of the Morristown post." Colonel Stephen Moylan, to whom this letter was ad- dressed, was an Irishman, a brave patriot in the Revo- lutionary army, at Cambridge atWe de camp of Washing, ton, made commissary general in March 1776, but soon resigned for want of exact business habits, and re-entered the line as a volunteer. He saw much service and was brevetted brigadier general. He died in Philadelphia, April nth [811. Under date of November 14th 1776 Mr. Hoff writes to Colonel Knox (chief of artillery under Washington): " I wrote you a few days past that in consequence of your letter of 10th ult. we had got everything in readiness and had cast several tons of the shot, but that it was alto- gether out of my power to get them carted. We have now upwards of 35 tons made, and as the furnace is doing no other business shall, I hope [be able] to complete the order. Every preparation of moulds, flasks &c. for the grape shot is now finished, and we shall soon have a good assortment of each kind." The next letter is from Charles Hoff, is dated July 2 7lh 1777 and is directed to Governor Livingston, beg- ging him to give Colonel John Munson — who had charge of the militia for that part of the county and was about to levy a draft for the army — such orders as would ex- empt his workmen. He speaks of a former exemption given by General Washington, and says, " We made the last year for public service upwards of one hundred and twenty tons of shot of different kinds." October 7th 1777 an act was passed in the Legislature exempting 25 men from draft at Hibernia. March 4th 1778, Charles Hoff writes to Lord Stirling: " The pig metal I have sold, some for ;^i2, some for ;^is, some for ;^2o and some for ;^3o per ton. The stipulated price according to the act is ;^2o; please inform me how I must act in that case. The forges in this part of the country many of 'em are turned from the blooming to refining, and pig metal of course in great demand. There is also a great demand for hollow ware of all kinds, also salt pans, forge plates &c." March 2olh 1778 Hoff wrote to Lord Stirling in regard to going into blast, thinking it better to put it off, owing to the scarcity of men, coal, &c. — "Don't your lordship think, as the blast is not likely to continue so long as usual, to put off blooming till the pasture become good, so that the teams can get their living in the woods, with- out being at the expense of feeding them ?" He also says, " If ye lordship could send us some of the regular and Hessian deserters that don't choose [to enlist] into the continental service and depend on working in the country, to amount to 30 or 40, I would do my endeavor to make 'em serviceable." The next letter in regard to the employment of de- serters and Hessians gives the reason why quite a large number of Hessians were sent to Morris county. There are descendants of these " hated foreign mercenaries " still living in the vicinity of the iron works to which their ancestors were brought to work a hundred years ago. "William Winds, Esq., Briadier-General. " Being in possession of .a furnace as manager thereof, commonly called and known by the name of the Hibernia Furnace, helongins to the Right. Hon. William Earl of Stirling, Major- General in the service of X.ht United States of America, situate in the county of Morris and State of New Jersey, which is employed for the continent in cast- ing all sorts of military stores, which we have engaged to furnish with as speedily as possible, I find it therefore es- sentialy necessary to employ a number of workmen for that purpose; and, as I am informed that a good many deserters both of the British troops and Hessians are come in and sent to Philadelphia, I have sent the bearer — my brother John Hoff — on purpose and given him full power hereby to engage as many men as he thinks proper, such as are used to cut wood in the winter season and can assist in the coaling business during the summer season, and a few other tradesmen; where they shall meet with the best encouragement and treatment, provided they make good several enagagements to which they will be called. And whatever agreements and promises the said John Hoff does make the same shall be punctually fulfilled by me the subscriber, " Charles Hoff Jun. "Hibernia Iron Works, July ^th 1778." In the written instructions which were sent with Ber- nard Smith, who represented Mr. Faesch, and with John Hoff it is said that they wanted for Hibernia from fifteen to twenty-five men used to wood-cutting, coaling and labor suitable for iron works, a good blacksmith, a good wheelwright, one or two good carpenters and one or two good masons, as many as possible to be Englishmen or those who could speak that tongue. July loth 1778 Mr. Hoff writes to Lord Stirling that " Mr. Taylor of Durham furnace, in Pennsylvania, wrote Mr. Faesch and me he had a complete set of moulds for hollow ware to dispose of reasonable. Mr. Faesch recommended it much to me to buy 'em, in partnership with him, for the works. We have done so and brought them from Pennsylvania; the price was_^20Q, and at this time we are sensible they would not be made under _^6oo; there is from a 2-o«nce grapeshot to a 32-lb. shot, moulds from i gall, pots to 40 or 50 gallons, 4 different stove moulds and moulds of every other kind." In the same letter he comolains that he cannot get 8 52 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. supplied with flour and horse feed within 40 or 50 miles, and thinks, considering the public benefit of his work, that the quartermaster-general might supply him. The letters of the Hoffs end here, but it is well known that the furnace continued in operation throughout the war and manufactured war material for the army. The most notable event which happened in this period was the robbery of the Hoffs in the spring of 1781. A gang of robbers entered the house while the family were at supper and stole silver, jewelry, linen and clothing. They took horses also and got away safely with their plunder; but one at least, James Babcock, was afterward taken and hung. The county was infested with gangs of tories and lawless men, and others besides the Hoffs suffered from their visits. Robert Ogden, of Sparta, in Sussex county, was robbed in a similar way. It is supposed the same gang who robbed the Hoffs attempted to rob Colonel John Seward, but failed. It is said that the colonel fortified himself in a block-house, and that on one cold night at about midnight a man rode up to his door and hailed, desiring to see the colonel, who instead of opening the door caught up his rifle and opened a hole through which he could look out. He discovered a man mounted on a fine horse, without a saddle and with rope stirrups. He at once knew his man, and, placing his rifle without noise in the hole be- tween the logs, fired. Instantly all was still. The horse being frightened left the door, but was found the next morning eating at the colonel's haystack, with a dead man fastened in his rope stirrups under his feet. The horse proved to be a stolen one. How many other ras- cals accompanied the one killed was not known; but the colonel was avoided by the gang ever after. The history of the works at Hibernia for the twenty years succeeding the Revolution is involved in ob- scurity. Lord Stirling's affairs after his death were found to be so much involved that his property was publicly sold by the sheriff. In 1774 he had applied to the board of proprietors for the purchase of the large tract surround- ing his works at Hibernia, extending as far as Copperas Mountain and Greenville and known as the Hibernia tract. The board had consented to the sale and directed a survey to be made. April 15th 1785 Mr. Parker laid before the board a letter from Colonel Benjamin Thomp- son, which he received on the Monday previous, inform- ing him that he had purchased the Hibernia iron works of Messrs. Murray, Sanson & Co.; that he had been in- formed that the purchase money of 3,000 acres agreed for with Lord Stirling had never been paid, and that he was willing to purchase the same agreeably to the original contract. September 13th 1787 a report was made to the board that the surveys for Thompson were not yet completed; but April loth 1788 there was a report of a survey made by Lemuel Cobb of 4,365.43 acres, subject to deductions, to be conveyed to Benjamin Thompson and his associates at ^^20 per 100 acres. April 14th 1 791 an agreement was made by Mr. Ruther- ford, president of the board, and Mr. Parker to sell to John Murray and John Stotesbury lands surveyed by Lemuel Cobb, to accommodate Hibernia iron works with coal and wood, at £20 per 100 acre^, with interest from May ist 1788. The tract had been returned to John Stevens, late president of the board, in trust to convey it to Murray & Stotesbury, and a deed had to be made from his heirs-at-Iaw to Mr. Rutherford, then the presi- dent of the board, to carry out the agreement. The re- turn included 5,222.44 acres, but after deducting 866.86 acres of prior locations included therein there were left 4.355-58 acres. Prudden Ailing, sheriff of Morris county, on an execu- tion on a judgment obtained at the April term of 1768, by Waddell Cunningham and others against Lord Stirling, sold to Lemuel Cobb, by deed dated February i6th 1791, the several tracts which made up the Hibernia tract for ;^3o. It was probably to complete the title about to be made to Murray or Stotesbury. William Jackscn stated that Ross & Bird carried on the Hibernia furnace until Stotesbury came into posses- session of it; but who they were or how long they had possession it is impossible to ascertain. John Stotes- bury, who appears to have come into possession in 1791, was of Irish descent, and is described as a high liver, of very genial habits and popular in the community. He was an officer in the continental army and had a brother in the British army, on Lord Howe's staff. He served at Trenton and Princeton, and was wounded at Brandy- wine. He owned a pew in the Rockaway church, where he attended with his family. He had two daughters, one of whom married Hon. Philemon Dickerson, of Paterson. Stotesbury introduced Irish employes at his works, sup- planting the Germans, who went over to Mt. Hope, ex- cepting those who found places in the mountains beyond. George Shawger, Charles Winters, William Barton, Pater Sanders and Jacob Bostedo were some of those who re- mained on their lands, and whose descendants continue to own and reside on them. Mr. Bostedo was a very good man, and was ordained by the Morris county pres- bytery to preach. Stotesbury failed in 1798 and died shortly afterward. The title of the property was made to John Murray for the large tract surrounding the Hibernia property, by Walter Rutherford, December 8th 1792, and the several lots on which the furnace stood by William Shute and his wife. May 9th 1796. After Murray's death, August isth [809, his executors made an agreement to convey thewhole property to Dr. Charles M. Graham, of New York. This gentleman was the ■ owner of the "Copperas tract" near Green Pond, where Job Allen made copperas during the Revolutionary war, and he himself carried on the copperas manufacture very exten- sively during the war of 1812. He was of Scotch descent, a strong adherent of the Stuarts and a man of great enter- prise. Graham built up the furnace, and then assigned his agreement for a conveyance to Samuel Thompson, Peter Thompson and William Spencer, who received the deed dated January ist 1815 from Murray's executors. The men who thus took possession of the property were described by Hubbard S. Stickle as young men, who MOUNT HOPE FURNACE— JOHN JACOB FAESCH. 53 undertook the business with spirit; but the times were against them and they soon failed. The furnace went down, and it has never been rebuilt. The mortgage given to Graham was foreclosed and the property bought by Benjamin Rogers in 1819. He sold off considerable of the land in lots, and May i8th 1821 conveyed the balance to Colonel William Scott, who built, a forge upon the old furnace dam. A freshet swept the dam away and the forge was suffered to go to decay. On the death of Colonel Scott, in 1842, this property, with a large amount of other real estate which he had gathered to- gether in the course of his busy life, was divided among his children. The Hibernia mines so divided, and which included all of the vein except the lower mine (which be- longed to Benjamin Beach) and the old Ford mine, have since developed immense wealth and are still among the chief mines in the county. MOUNT HOPE FURNACE. The third furnace built within the limits of Morris county was at Mount Hope, and it was running more or less continuously for a period of fifty years. When the large survey was made of what is called the Mount Hope tract in 1772, of 6,271.06 acres, there were some twenty-two prior locations within its limits. The tract began on the mountain between Rockaway and Dover, ran down to near the old Dr. King place in Rockaway, thence almost parallel to the Morris Canal to near the westerly side of the Rockaway Presbyterian cemetery, thence to near White Meadow and from there, with many turns, to a point between Denmark and Middle forge; thence down to Mount Pleasant, and so across by the Baker & Richards mine to a point on Mount Hope avenue in ihe easterly suburbs of Dover, and so to the Rockaway River near the " point of the mountain," and thence back on the Rockaway Mountain to the place of beginning. Nearly all the lots excepted were in the neigh- borhood of Rockaway and Dover, and at the Mount Hope mines. The earliest location near the present vil- lage of Mount Hope was the lot returned to Samuel Gardiner in 1749, at the same time and recorded on the same page as the Osborn location of Middle forge. By Gardiner it was sold to Abner Beach, and by him to Jacob Ford. It was on the northwest side of Rockaway River, and on a small brook which runs into the north- west corner of the "Hunting Meadow," as the great meadow at Mount Hope was then called, and contained 26.26 acres. Probably after Jacob Ford had purchased this lot he proceeded to locate lands in its neighborhood, taking up in 1750, at the same time he took up the Burnt Meadow forge lot, 96.72 acres, "situate in the meadow well known as the Hunting Meadow," and 26.23 acres adjoining the Gardiner lot. In 1754 he located ten acres more to the east of the Gardiner lot, in 1757 142 acres more, and shortly afterward 58.80 acres on the road leading from " David Beman's to what is called the Middle forge," and 10.41 acres " on both sides of the road leading from David Beman's iron works to the Burnt Meadow forge." Colonel Ford no doubt purchased the property for its mines — which were then well known and which he needed to supply his forges — and for the meadow, which yielded abundant hay for his teams. In 1768, February 28th, he conveyed the whole property, including the seven lots so purchased or located by him, to his son Jacob Ford jr., who took up his residence there. In 1772, however, John Jacob Faesch, having severed his connection with the London Company, came to Mount Hope, and, taking a long lease of the lands owned by Ford, purchased from the proprietors the great Mount Hope tract surrounding them, already mentioned, and began the building of the furnace. He afterward purchased Middle forge and Rockaway forge, leased Mount Pleasant forge and the Boonton mills, and carried on the iron business on a large scale. John Jacob Faesch, who thus became one of the most noted ironmasters of the county, was a man whose in- fluence was long and widely felt. He was born in the canton of Basle, Switzerland, in the year 1729, and came to America in 1764, under an arrangement made with Francis Casper Hasenclever on behalf of his brother, Peter Hasenclever, the general manager and superin- tendent of the London Company, as the manager of their iron works. The agreement was for seven years, and Hasenclever stipulated to pay Faesch's, his wife's and servants' passage and deliver them and their goods and effects safely in America, with the expenses of Faesch from New Wood, where he lived, to Remsheid, where the agreement was made; to pay him 2,500 guilders per an- num Rhenish, to begin on the first day of his journey; to give him a tenantable dwelling house, with meadow for pasturing two or four kine; that he might engage in other business, but not to the prejudice of the company's inter- ests; and that he was not to be under command of any one except the members of the company, but should have direction over all the forges, mines and iron works that were erected or occupied or should thereafter be undertaken. In fact, it was a very liberal agreement and proves how valuable his services were thought to be. In accordance with this agreement Faesch came to this county, and was first placed by Hasenclever at Ring- wood, where he resided and acted as manager. In 1768 the works at Charlotteburgh were placed in his charge, and afterward the works at Long Pond. Trouble arose, however, between Hasenclever and the other members of the company. He was considered too extravagant, and in other respects a bad manager. At all events Robert Erskine was appointed to succeed him, and arrived in this country June 5th 177 1. Faesch resented the treat- ment of his friend Hasenclever, and left the service of the company in June 1772, his term of seven years having expired. He had already made arrangements to take the Mount Hope property. Faesch is described as a very generous and large- hearted man, but very aristocratic in his ideas. He gave liberally to the church, so much so that in a subscription made in i78r a prominent man in the Rockaway congre- gation subscribed " as much as any in the parish except 54 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Esq. Faesch." It is said, however, that he supported religion only as a means of keeping the lower classes in subjection. He and one Jacob Hertel were naturalized by a special act of the Legislature, in 1766. On the breaking out of the war he was an ardent Whig, taking an active part in the politics of his day. He was a mem- ber of the convention to ratify the federal constitution, held December nth 1787, and for many years was one of the county judges. Mr. Stickle described him as of medium stature, and said he had often seen him passing through Rockaway, his carriage driven by inen in livery, with outriders also in livery. He always stopped at Bernard Smith's, who was a countryman and friend of his. His first wife was Elizabeth Brinckerhoff, sister of George Brinckerhoff, who was the father of the late Mrs. Dr. Fairchild, of Parsippany. Mrs. Elizabeth Faesch died February 23d 1788 at Morristown, where Faesch had resided since the war, in the powder magazine, which he changed into a house. The next month after his wife's death he moved to Old Boonton, where he lived till his death. His second wife was Mrs. Susan (Kearney) Lawrence, widow of a brother of Captain Lawrence, U. S. N. The lease for Mount Hope was made by Colonel Jacob Ford, " of Pequanack," of the first part, and John Jacob Faesch and Daniel Wrisberg, of" the same place, of the second part; was dated February 23d 1773, vvas to continue forty-two years from the first day of Aprii then last past (1772), and reserved an annual rent of ;^4oo at 8 shillings the ounce. The rent is indorsed as paid to January nth 1777, the date of Colonel Ford's death. In after years Faesch complained of the rent a^ burdensome and that the properly was not as- valuable at he had supposed. To this remonstrance Judge Gabriel Ford, son of Colonel Jacob Ford, made a written repl) which fully sets forth the condition of the property when the lease was made. He says: "There was then a meadow of 100 tons of timothy a year and the pasturage of the same after it was mowed, 60 or 70 acres of upland, an orchard 400 best grafted trees, an elegant dwelling- house, cost _^i,40o, a fine pond of water, dams and troughs, complete, and a good grist-mill, rented for _;^4o per year;'' that "Mr, Faesch was not ignorant of a con- stant confluence of water into it [the mine] while my father had it, inasmuch as a pump must be pretty con- stantly at Avork to leave the mines at liberty;" and while Mr. Faesch complained of spending ;^i, 200 "in driving on a level to draw off the water," near ;i£'8oo of it had been deducted from his annual rent; that if Mr. Faesch " had been as well skilled in farming as in the manage- ment of iron works the disasters (as he terms the failure of the hay crop) would not have happened in so eminent a degree;" that " in order to accommodate liim genteelly there was erected upon the premises an elegant dwelling- house, which, cost upwards of _;^i,4oo;" that "on the premises stood an exceedingly good hemp-mill and grist-mill, which together might have cost ;^8oo — these, being useless to Mr. Faesch, are demolished;" that "the prices of iron have been often double and sometimes considerably more and so stands at present." The reply concludes with an offer to abate ;;^ioo or ^^125 from the annual rent. Who Daniel Wrisberg was or what became of him is not known. After 1773 there is no mention of him, and the deed for the large tract was made to Faesch alone. There is a tradition that he died before the war and left ;^ioo to the Rockaway church provided he should be buried under the pulpit, which was done. There is no record, however, confirming the story. The furnace was built in 1772, under the eye of its experienced owner, and was in good wo)king order when the Revolutionary war broke out. We have not a letter book giving the details of its operations, but from the frequent reference to Mr. Faesch in Hoff's letters fiom Hibernia, as well as from other sources, it is certain that large quantities of cannon, shot and iron utensils were manufactured there and that more men were employed than at Hibernia. The tories made many attempts to rob the house of Faesch at Mount Hope and to destroy his property; but after the battle of Trenton and the capture of the Hes- sians, it is said, he made an arrangement with General Washington to keep thirty of the prisoners until the close of the war. These he kept employed in chopping wood, etc., keeping trusty men about him who were furnished with 30 stand of arms by the government, which were always kept in perfect order. These secured him from molestation. In the "instructions" to Bernard Smith on the part of Faesch and to John Hoff on the part of his brother, already spoken of, when they were sent to engage these prisoners, 25 or 30 men were asked for for .Mount Hope, "such as are used to wood cutting, coaling and labor suitable for iron works, two good carpenters, one wheelwright, two blacksmiths, two masons; if you can meet with a young man or boy that can shave, dress hair, wait on table, take care of horses, etc., get him, if possi- ble an Englishman or one that talks both languages." " If any or all of 'em has guns advise them to bring them along; they'll be allowed a generous' price here for 'em, and also all accoutrements in the military way." "It would also be advisable for you to inquire for Captain Debauk and the rest of the gentlemen that were prison- ers at Mount Hope, as they'll be of infinite service to you." " Mr. Faesch wants a good beer-brewer and dis- tiller, that is a genteel, sober, honest and industrious man — if possible an Englishman — as he has good con- veniences for that business; he is willing if he can get a man he can confide in to take him into partnership." October 7th 1777 an act was passed exempting fifty men at Mount Hope and twenty-five at Hibernia from military duty. In the preamble it is stated " that it is highly expedient that the army and navy should be fur- nished as speedily as possible with cannon, cannon shot, refined bar iron, shovels, axes and other implements of iron, which the furnaces at Mount Hope and Hibernia, with the forges at Brookland, Mount Pleasant, Longwood and Middle forge, so called from their local situation and other circumstances, are well adapted to supply; and LATE MANAGERS OF MOUNT HOPE. 55 whereas John Jacob Faesch, Esq., the proprietor and con- ductor of Mount Hope iron works, and Charles Hoff jun., superintendent of the Hibernia furnace, by their memorial have set forth that the said works have been for some time past employed in providing the aforesaid articles for public use," the act provides that Faesch might enroll any number of men less than fifty to be employed in the iron works at Mount Hope, Brookland, Longwood, Mount Pleasant and Middle forge; and that Hoff might enroll twenty-five men to be employed at Hibernia fur- nace. These men were to be fully armed, equipped and disciplined by Faesch and Hoff, but were not to be obliged to attend musters or to leave the works unless the county should be invadrd. This act was repealed in 1779 — probably after the Hessians had been introduced. After Faesch removed to Morristown, and no longer personally superintended his furnace, etc., his business became less profitable and finally brought him in debt. William Jackson stated as a fact of his personal knowl- edge — and we use his own language — that while Faesch was still carrying on Mount Hope, and Stotesbury Hibernia, Chilion Ford kept a store in Rockaway in the house south of the main street and near the Hibernia railroad, and on him orders were drawn by each company to its workmen, who came down each Saturday to draw their supplies for a week at a time. Every man appeared with his jug, and the first thing was a half gallon of rum to each man, and the balance of their orders in the necessaries of life. After their sacks were filled a general treating took place, after which they moved off over the bridge on their way home. When they crossed the race bridge and arrived at their parting point another big drink must be had all round, by which time " the critter " began to work, and then the national elements (Dutch and Irish, with a mixture of American by way of variety) brought on a general fight, which lasted a short time, when the hatchet was buried and all united in another drink and left — each on his winding way, the women and boys bringing up the rear. July 28th 1788 -Sheriff Arnold conveyed to Gabriel Ford, after a sale made under a judgment recovered by the executors of Jacob Ford sen. against the executors of Jacob Ford jr., deceased, the seven tracts of land " called and known by the name of Mount Hope, in the possession of John Jacob Faesch, Esq., as tenant there- of," and May loth 1793 Judge Ford conveyed the whole to Faesch, so ending the lease. Faesch died May 29th 1799, and is buried at Morristown by the side of his wife and his two sons, John Jacob jr., who died in 1809, and Richard B., who died in 1820. The two sons and one daughter died single. Besides these Mr. Faesch left one daughter, who married William H. Robinson of New York, and who died leaving two daughters, one of whom married Robert J. Girard. After Faesch's death his two sons continued to carry on the business; but the creditors of their father became dissatisfied and filed a bill in chancery February 21st 1801 to compel a sale of the lands of Faesch in satisfac- tion of their claims. A list of the property alleged to have belonged to him at his death includes the Mount Hope and Middle forge tracts (containing together 7,600 acres), the Rockaway forge, the Jackson or Jacobs mine, a mine at Long Pond, a share in the Morris Academy and several small lots. His Mount Hope lands included the Richards, Allen and Teabo mines, none of which except perhaps the Richards were then developed. The result of this suit was the appointment of General John Doughty, of Morristown, a special commissioner to sell these lands. He was engaged for several years in divid- ing them up and disposing of them. The homestead at Mt. Hope, with 831 acres around it, including the mines, meadow and furnace, was sold September 25th 1809 for $7,655 to Moses Phillips jr., of Orange county, New York. The land so conveyed is what is generally known now as the Mount Hope tract. Then or soon after Moses Phillips became the owner of Hickory Hill tract, Middle forge tract, the Bartow tract, which lies south of Middle forge, and other lands, making up about 2,600 acres. He did not reside at Mount Hope himself, but sent his sons Henry W. Phillips and Lewis Phillips to manage the property — giving them an agreement of purchase. In 18:4 the property was leased to a company consist- ing of Robert McQueen, Abraham Kinney and Eliphalet Sturtevant and known as McQueen & Co. They re- paired the old stack after it had lain idle for fifteen years, and did a thriving business, making pig iron and all kinds of hollow ware. Kinney and Sturtevant were not in the concern long and their place was taken by Colonel Thomas Muir, a brother-in-law of Mr. McQueen. The first lease lasted seven years, and it was renewed for five. Alexander. Norris, who then lived close by, fixes the date of the beginning of the lease by the fact that when peace was declared in 1815 they had a flag hoisted in the top of the furnace, which had not yet been started. Mr. Norris says the last blast was made in the fall of 1827, after which the furnace was permitted to lie idle, and finally to go down. While operating Mount Hope Colonel Muir purchased the White Meadow tract and made it his residence. He continued to reside there until his death, which occurred September 28th 1855. November 29th 1831, by act of Legislature, the Mount Hope Mining Company was incorporated, the incorpor ators being Samuel Richards, Moses Phillips, Samuel G. Wright and Thomas S. Richards. The capital stock was fixed at $60,000. In April previous Moses Phillips had conveyed to Samuel Richards and Samuel G. Wright a two-thirds interest in the tract of 831 acres, and two- thirds of all the minerals in the adjoining lands, owned by him at the time. After the incorporation of the com- pany all three of the owners conveyed to the company, which has ever since been the owner. The stock has changed hands, but no transfers have been made by ordinary deeds of conveyance. By supplements to its charter the company was allowed to build a railroad to Rockaway (which was done), to construct furnaces, mills, etc., and to increase its capital stock to $300,000. This is no longer a manufacturing property, but is one of the 56 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. most extensive and productive mineral properties in the State. Edward R. Biddle became the owner of the stock several years after the formation of the company, and by him it was sold to Moses Taylor and his associates about the year 1855, for $80,000, which was considered a marvelous price at the time. SPLIT ROCK FURNACE. The only other charcoal furnace within the bounds of Morris county was built at Split Rock by the late Hon. Andrew B. Cobb, of Parsippany, about 1862. Mr. Cobb was a son of Colonel Lemuel Cobb, the well known sur- veyor of the board of proprietors, and both by inherit- ance and purchase became the owner of large tracts of land in the northern part of the county, much of it covered with wood. He was also the owner of. the Split Rock mine. To make his wood and ore available he built the furnace near his forge. It made but a few tons of iron, however, before it went out of blast, and has since been idle. It was found unprofitable in this day of an- thracite furnaces. CHAPTER IX. SLITTING AND ROLLING MILLS — ANTHRACITE FURNACES AND FOUNDRIES. HE act of Parliament passed in 1749, already alluded to, was intended to prevent the con- struction of any slitting or rolling mills in the province, and continued in force until the time of the Revolution. Every mill built while this law was in force had to be built covertly. In spite of the law, however, a slitting-mill was erected at Old Boonton, by David Ogden or his son Samuel Ogden, about the year 1770. In a deed given for it in 1805 the " slitting-mill lot " was said to have been conveyed to Samuel Ogden by Thomas Peer by deed dated August 6th 1770, and this was probably the date of its erection. The Ogdens had by this time sold out their Ringwood property to the London Company and turned their attention to Morris county. For the purpose of concealment the mill built by the Ogdens was so constructed that the upper part was a grist-mill, while the slitting works were underneath. It stood on the east side of the river; and the shape of the ground, which rose abruptly from near the river's edge, made the erection of such a building very feasible. The entrance to the mill was from the hillside, and in the room thus entered was the run of stones for grinding grain; and it was so arranged that the room below could be closed up entirely, and upon little warning, so as to give no sign of the purpose for which it was used. An Enghshman named Campsen, one of the ancestors of the Righter family at Parsippany, was the architect. It is said that Governor William Franklin visited this place, having been informed that one of the prohibited mills was being carried on here by stealth. Colonel Ogden received the governor and his suite with great hospitality, and iri- sisted on their dining immediately on their arrival. This the governor's party were not unwilling to do, as they had made a long and fatiguing journey. At the table, which was lavishly spread, choice liquors circulated freely; and the governor was not only unable to find any " slitting-mill " in Boonton, but indignant at the " un- founded slander." It was reported that Franklin had an interest in it himself, which might account for his not seeing too much. The mill was probably a small affair. At its best it was only an apology for an iron-mill, as they could only roll out bars of iron or slit them from the sizes drawn by the forgemen. Their heating furnace was designed to use dry wood, so that nothing better than a red heat could be produced, "leaving the rods or hoops when rolled or slit about as red as a fox," as one said who had seen the mill in operation. It was carried on by the Ogdens in connection with a forge and other works through the war and until 1784. In 1778 Samuel Ogden advertises in the New Jersey Gazette rod and sheet iron for sale at Boonton. It seems that Samuel Ogden was the principal owner, as his name most frequently occurs in connection with it; but Isaac Ogden and Nicholas Hoffman each owned a sixth interest, which was bought May I St 1784 by Samuel Ogden from Abraham Kitchel, agent for Morris county, on inquisition found January ist 1777 against Isaac Ogden, and September 21st 1777 against Hoffman, they having joined the army of the king. Kitchel conveys as the property of each of these loyalists one-sixth of the slitting-mill, rolling-mill, coal- houses, dwelling-houses, raceways, dams, etc., and speaks of a forge — the property of Samuel Ogden. The same year, 1784, March ist, Samuel Ogden of New York, merchant, leases to John Jacob Faesch, of Mount Hope, the moiety of several tracts at Boonton for twenty-one years, under an arrangement that they should jointly erect a " four-fire forge and forge hammers with a trip hammer at the place wheire the old forge, which is now pulled down, at Boonton aforesaid, formerly stood," the • management of the forge and also of the grist-mill to be joint. The rent reserved was _;^5o New York currency in silver or gold, reckoning Spanish milled dollars at 8 shillings each and English guineas at 37 shillings and 4 pence each. Wood was to be furnished for the supply of " said forge, and other iron manufactories to be car- ried on at Boonton by the parties," off the premises of said Ogden at nine pence per cord. October 8th 1805, on the expiration of this lease, Samuel Ogden and Euphemia his wife, of Newark, con- veyed to John Jacob Faesch and Richard B. Faesch, the sons of John Jacob Faesch sen., who had died in 1799, the whole property at Boonton. They carried on the business but a short time, and the works, with the excep- lion of the forge, which continued to be operated by John Righter, then its owner, until a comparatively recent date, were suffered to fall into disuse. SPEEDWELL AND DOVER IRON MILLS, 57 Thomas C. Willis, of Powerville, whose father was superintendent of the heating furnace at Old Boonton in 1800, and who was himself born there, said that in his childhood there were at Old Boonton, on the easterly bank of the river, a rolling-mill, a slitting-mill and a saw-mill. The iron used in these mills was taken from the healing furnaces, rolled and slitted on a single heat. On the westerly bank of the river, near the bend, were a large potash factory, a nail-cutting factory, a grist-mill and a blacksmith shop. On the same side, opposite the slitting-mill, stood a large bloomary, con- taining four fires and two trip hammers. A large build- ing containing eight refining furnaces stood upon the spot where the forge afterward stood. Another gentleman, whose memory reaches back almost as far, says that there were three dams across the river below the present road and one above. SPEEDWELL. The second slitting-mill in the county was built at Speedwell, by Jacob Arnold and John Kinney, about the time of the Revolutionary war. It is impossible to fix the date more exactly. .In the New Jersey Gazette, pub- lished in 1778, is notice of Arnold, Kinney & Co. opening a store in Morristown, " next door to Colonel Henry Remsen's," showing the partnership to have existed at that date. Both men had been and were prominent in the county. Arnold kept the hotel in Morristown where, in January 1777, Washington took up his winter quarters, and which is still standing, on the northwest side of the public square. He commanded, as has been stated, the troop of horse known as "Arnold's light horse," a detach- ment of which did duty as guard for Governor Livingston. Kinney had been sheriff of the county, and had had some experience in the iron business. The venture was a per- fect failure. It is said that after the whole had been con- structed, through some defect which they could not remedy, the machinery entirely failed to do its work. The debts contracted in its erection pressed the partners and the property was sold. Enoch Beach, as coroner (Arnold being sheriff) sold the interest of Jacob Arnold January nth 1796 to Dr. Timothy Johnes, who sold to Stephen Vail in 1807. The interest of Kinney had also been sold, and a deed from James C. Canfield and wife to Stephen Vail in 1814 for this half speaks of all the new buildings which Stephen Vail, William Campfield and Isaac Canfield have erected since the deed to Vail in 1807, viz.: trip-hammer works, blacksmith shop, coal house, turning shop, etc. From the ruin of a second partnership Stephen Vail came out the owner of the whole property at Speedwell, and under his management it be- came an important manufactory. The work done here has been mostly for the southern and South American trade, in the shape of sugar-mills, coffee hullers, etc. It if said the boiler of the first ocean steamer that crossed the Atlantic was forged here and the first cast-iron plow made in America was made here. In 1853 the Speedwell iron works were being carried on by Hon. George Vail, son of Judge Stephen Vail, and Isaac A. Canfield, grand- son of the judge, and were visited by Dr. Tuttle, who wrote a description of them for the New York Tribune. At that time there was made at the works a great variety of articles — press screws, car wheels and axles, mill machinery, etc. Six moulders were employed in the foundry, eight men in the blacksmith shop, ten in the machine shops, and these with other laborers made up an aggregate of forty-five, whose wages would amount to some $14,400 per annum. The works used then annually 200 tons of anthracite coal, 100 tons of bituminous coal, ICO tons of Scotch pig and 100 tons of American pig, 95 tons wrought iron, 1,400 pounds of cast steel and 1,000 pounds of brass, copper, etc. The annual product was estimated at $50,000. Judge Vail died in 1864, leaving these works to his executors in such a manner that they cannot be sold and can only be operated by certain per- sons who are named. For this or for some other reason they have lain idle for several years. DOVER MILL. The third slitting or rolling-mill erected in the county was at Dover. In 1792 Israel Canfield and Jacob Losey, forming the well-known firm of Canfield & Losey, bought from Josiah Beman his forge, etc. Soon afterward they built the dam where it is now, and erected the forge which was standing until within a few years, when the building was transferred to other use. They built also a rolling and slitting-mill after the model of the Old Boonton mill, and heated their iron with wood in the same way. Soon after the erection of their rolling-mill they built a factory for cutting nails, the heading of which was done in dies by hand. Besides the property in Dover they purchased and leased large quantities of land, mines and forges, and carried on the iron business on what was then considered a grand scale. It must be remarked, however, that while business flourished in Dover the place was notorious for its infidelity and con- sequent wickedness. Many of its prominent citizens were open adherents of Tom Paine, and they gloried in disseminating his sentiments among all classes. In 1817 the firm of Canfield & Losey failed, and Blackwell & McFarlan, iron merchants of New York, who were creditors of the concern, purchased the whole property. With the iron works passed also nearly the whole site of Dover, the Longwood forge and tract, and the mines which the old firm had developed. The village of Dover was laid out by Messrs. Blackwell & McFarlan as it is at present — on either side of the straight, wide street called Blackwell street, with other streets, named after the counties, crossing it at right angles. From an advertisement of the company in a newspaper published in 1827 it appears that the iron works, then in full opera- tion, consisted of three rolling-mills and two chain cable shops. Jacob Losey was the resident agent of the confi- ipany, the members of which still lived in New York. To the firm of Blackwell & McFarlan succeeded as owner of the Dover property Henry McFarlan, son of Henry McFarlan sen., one of the members of the old firm. Dr. Tuttle visited the works in 1853, and gives us S8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. this statement of the business done for the year ending April J St of that year: Octagon bars rolled into rivet rods |4 to ^ inch; round and various sizes of merchant iron, 392^ tons; boiler rivets made from the above, 735,746 pounds, a little more than 328 tons; anthracite coal con- sumed, 1,000 tons. The octagon iron was worth $55 per ton, making the raw material used worth $21,287. The coal cost about $4,300.' The amount of wages paid was about $11,000, among twenty-five hands, and the product of the whole work was valued at $50,000. In addition to the rolling-mill and rivet factory Mr. McFarlan had furnaces for converting Swedes and English iron into steel. The following is the list for the year above specified: Converted and rolled into spring steel from Swedes and English iron, 1,000 tons; toe cork or shoeing steel. 32^ tons; American bar steel, 16 tons. The superintendent of the works, who furnished to Dr. Tutlle this information, was Guy M. Hinchman. He was born in Elmira, N. Y., November 29th 1795. I" 1810 he removed to Morris county, taking up his residence at Succasunna. When only 23 years of age he was the owner and operator of the Mount Pleasant mine. From 1823 to 1834 he was engaged in business in New York, after which he returned to Dover, where he spent the re- mainder of his life, acting as superintendent of the iron works until 1869, when Mr. McFarlan ceased to operate them. He was a man of great activity, a kind-hearted, courtly gentleman of the old school, yet keeping pace with and aiding in all social and public improvements. He died February 13th 1879, retaining all his faculties until the last. Henry McFarlan drove the mill from 1830, when his father died, to 1869. He leased the property in 1875 to Wynkoop & O'Conner, who ran it only a short time, claiming that the raising of a dam below the mill by the Morris Canal Company had so far affected the power of the mill as to render it comparatively useless. This question is now and has been for several years in the courts. In 1880 Mr. McFarlan sold the mills, and they are now operated by the Dover Iron Company, who have put in steam engines and are driving the works with vigor. Hon. George Richards is the president of the company, and under his efificient management ihe works give employment to a large number of operatives and turn out large quantities of fish plates and other railroad material. ROCKAWAY ROLLING-MILL. January 26th 1822 Colonel Joseph Jackson and his brother William entered into an agreement to build a rolling-mill on the colonel's land in Rockaway, to be driven by water from an extension of the lower forge dam. This agreement was to continue for twenty-one years, when the colonel was to have the mill at its ap- praised value. The brothers had previously rented a mill in Paterson, and William Jackson made the following memorandum: " The first bar of round and square iron ever rolled in this county was done by Colonel Joseph Jackson and my- self, in the old rolling-mill at Paterson, then owned by Samuel and Rosweli Colt, in the year 1820, under our con- tract to furnish the United States government with a cer- tain quantity of rolled round and hammered iron at the navy yard at Brooklyn, N. Y., in which we succeeded to the entire satisfaction of the government. Our experiments at rolling round and square iron induced us to build the rolling-mill at Rockaway in 1821 and 1822. Messrs. •Blackwell & McFarlan, owners of the Dover rolling-mill and forge, seeing our success, proceeded to alter and re- build their rolling-mill for rolling all kinds of iron, which they completed about the same time. We finished our rolling-mill in November 1822." In 1826 William sold out to his brother his interest and commenced the erection of the forge, furnace, etc., at Clinton. Left the sole owner of the mill Colonel Jackson proceeded to extend his operations, and devel- oped a large iron business. He was already or soon after became the owner of the two forges with five fires at Rockaway, and of the Swedes, Teabo and Jackson mines. In> 1830 he built a second mill upon the same dam. He expended money liberally but with judgment in new machinery, and in experiments to test the qualities of the various ores and the best methods of working them. His works were a market for the various forges in the county, and the finished product was mostly carted to tide water by his teams, which returned with supplies. The Morris Canal, during the boating season, brought anthracite coal from the Lehigh Valley; but so long as he continued his business his teams were on the road between Rockaway and Newark. He built a steel furnace near the canal, in which blistered steel was made from the iron bars. He was a man of great enterprise and determination, and continued to carry on his mill through the various vicissi- tudes of the iron business until 1852, when he sold the mill, lower forge and steel furnace properties to Freeman Wood. Mr. Wood proceeded to enlarge the mill, putting in steam engines, etc. February 12th 1855 the Rockaway Manufacturing Company was organized, its incorporators being Freeman Wood, George Hand Smith, Lyman A. Chandler, Theodore T. Wood and Nathaniel Mott. The property was transferred to it August 14th the same year. This company made a bad failure a few years after, and the Morris County Bank, one of the principal creditors, became the real owner of the mills as mortgagee. By the bank the property was rented to James Horner, who manufactured steel there until just after the war, when he removed his business to Pompton. November 3d 1862 Theodore Little, as master in chancery, conveyed the property to John H. Allen, who, February 27th fol- lowing, conveyed it to Thomas E. Allen and Israel D. Condit. They ran it a couple of years, when Mr. Allen conveyed his half to his partner, Mr. Condit. Mr. Condit has been tlie owner ever since, with the exception of two or three years, when it vvas owned by Adoniram B. Judson, the deed to him being dated January 19th 1867 and the deed back to Mr. Condit, which was made by the sheriff, being dated February 13th 187 1. Mr. Judson operated the works under the name of the Jud- son Steel and Iron Works, himself, James L. Baldwin POWERVILLE AND BOONTON IRON WORKS. 59 and George Neimus being the incorporators. The in- corporation act was approved February 26th 1868. The concern is now being operated by the American Swedes Iron Company, organized in August 1881, which is using Wilson's process for the manufacture of wrought iron directly from the ore, which is obtained from Block Island. The history of the works for the last eighteen years has been that of unsuccessful experiment for the most part — many new processes for making iron and steel having been attempted without profitable results. C. T. Raynolds, H. R. Raynolds and Colonel G. W. Thompson are the principal men in the present company. THE POWERVILLE ROLLING-MILL. This mill, which was early owned by Colonel William Scott, whose name has been frequently mentioned, was carried on by him until his death, when it fell in the di- vision of his estate to his son Elijah D. Scott. By him it was in part devised and in part deeded to Thomas C. Willis, who carried it on until his death, in 1864, in con- nection with his forge. Dr. Tuttle, in his review of the iron manufactures of the county in 1853, speaks of the admirable economy with which it was conducted. Per- • haps no mill in the county at that time paid better inter- est on the capital invested, which Mr. Willis estimated at $50,000. The profitableness of the concern was owing to the careful management and also to the kind of iron made, which was mostly hoop iron, then very profitable. It was estimated that the mill used about 500 tuns of blooms a year, of coal 600 tons, and the product in hoop and rod iron was about 450 tons, which averaged at that time $100 per ton. Mr. Willis was a man deservedly popular with all who had dealings with him and highly esteemed and respected throughout the county. The mill is now owned principally by Benjamin F. Howell, the son-in-law of Mr. Willis, who leases the forge for the manufacture of scrap blooms. The rolling-mill is not at present in operation. ANTHRACITE FURNACES. BOONTON. In 1830 the New Jersey Iron Company, incorporated under an act of the Legislature dated November 7th 1829 (the incorporators being William Green jr., Apollos R. Wetmore and David W. Wetmore), commenced the erection of the extensive iron works at Boonton two miles above the old slitting-mill of the Ogdens. These have grown to be by far the largest and most complete in the county. At first the works were under the supervision and management of Messrs. Green and Wetmore, who were large iron dealers in New York; afterward of Wil- Jiam Green and Lyman Dennison, forming the firm of Green & Dennison. The whole village with the excep- tion of one store and two or three dwelling houses be- longed exclusively to the company. In the beginning most of the works were under one roof. They consisted, says Isaac S. Lyon in his sketch of the town, of a rolling- mill, a number of puddling and heating furnaces, an old fashioned trip-hammer, a slitting machine and a small foundry. They were mostly engaged in the manufacture of sheet, hoop and bar iron. There was a refinery also, below, on the bank of the river. There was a small furnace built in 1833, which was first lighted by the ladies residing at the agent's house, on the afternoon of February 27th 1834. What is now called No. i furnace, which uses anthracite coal, was built about 1848. The furnace of 1833 was of course a charcoal furnace; for George Crane of Yniscedwin iron works, in Wales, did not bring his experiments with an- thracite to success until 1838, the difficulty being in all previous trials that only a cold blast had been used. In the March 1838 number of the Journal of the American Institute the editor says in a note: "A sample has been shown us of good iron made solely by means of anthracite coal. It is the result of a long course of experiments, as we are informed." The next number of the journal con- tains a report from Mr. Crane of his successful work. David Thomas was with Mr. Crane in Wales, and as his agent came to this country and started the Crane iron works, at Catasauqua, Pa. His son Samuel Thomas su- perintended the erection of the Boonton furnace until he left it to build the Thomas Iron Company's furnaces at Hokendauqua, when he was succeeded by George Jen- kins, who continued till his death at Boonton in charge of the furnaces. For some reason the New Jersey Iron Company failed, and its property was sold by the sheriff July 19th 1852. The stockholders lost every cent of their investment, but every debt due to outsiders was fully paid. The pur- chaser was Dudley B. Fuller, the principal creditor, to whom it is said the company owed $165,000. Mr. Fuller some time after took into partnership with him James Cowper Lord, forming the firm of Fuller & Lord. This firm continued to own and operate the works until the firm was dissolved by the death of Mr. Fuller, which occurred in 1868. Mr. Lord died in 1869. The works were car- ried on a short time by the executors of the deceased partners, but at length, in 1876, the whole interest was purchased by the estate of J. Cowper Lord, which is still the owner. In 1853, when Dr. Tuttle visited these works, they were being operated by Fuller & Lord. The rolling-mill and puddling furnaces covered more than an acre of ground exclusive of the large nail and spike factory, the coopering mill and the blast furnace, then recently built. The Morris Canal and Rockaway River at Boonton run nearly parallel, and both make a rapid descent to the plains below. The canal by an inclined plane and locks makes a difference of 100 feet between its upper and lower levels, and the river falls a still greater distance in a series of cascades. These circumstances have been made the most of by the builders of the works which lie between the two. The coal, ore and limestone are taken from the upper level of the canal to the top of the fur- nace ; while the iron product passing through the pud- dling, rolling, heating and nail mills, is put up in kegs, made on the ground from the unsawed timber, and is 6o HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ready for shipment by the side of the canal at its lower level. The water from the river and the waste water of the canal furnish motive power. William G. Lathrop was then the general manager, and his long experience made the business profitable and constantly increasing during the lives of the two partners. From October ist 1852 to May ist 1853, a period of seven months, the following statistics show the extent of their operations: Pig iron puddled, 3,774 tons; nail plate, rolled, 3,000 tons; spike rods rolled, 885 tons; scrap iron used, 784 tons; ore used in the puddling fur- naces, 1,000 tons; anthracite coal consumed, 5,656 tons; amount of wages disbursed, about $36,000. During the same period six spike machines, employing 22 men and boys, made 1,874,000 pounds or 836 tons of iron spikes; 73 nail machines, worked by 100 hands, produced 56,179 casks of nails, of 100 pounds each, making a total of 2,800 tons. At the cooper shop casks were made at the rate of 120,000 per annum. The whole establishment, in- cluding blast furnace, etc., gave employment to 400 hands, whose annual wages amounted to $120,000. A correspondent of Harper's Monthly (J. R. Chapin), in the July i860 number of that magazine, gives a very graphic and correct description of the Boonton works as they then were, and substantially as they had been for the seven years previous. Up to that time there had been expended on the works about half a million of dol- lars. In 1864 the number of kegs of nails turned out was 173,000, then considered a larger product than that of any similar establishment in the United States. Just before the war the owners commenced the erection of the second blast furnace, which was completed after the war closed. In 1872-3 the works touched the highest point of their prosperity. There were then two blast furnaces, whose yearly capacity was 20,000 tons, under the management of George Jenkins, in wliich the con- cern continued until his death, when he was succeeded by his son H. C. Jenkins; the large mill, under Philip Wooten, was 375 by 275 feet in size and contained 12 double puddling furnaces, one scrap furnace, five trains of rolls, two squeezers, four nut machines, etc., etc. The upper nail factory, under James Holmes, contained 100 nail machines, producing 250,000 kegs of nails per annum. The lower nail factory, which was in charge of Nathaniel Jones and which commenced in 1855, con- tained 25 machines and produced 10,000 kegs of nails per annum. In 1875 this mill contained 50 machines, with a capacity of 30,000 kegs per annum, but of a smaller size than those made at the upper mill. The saw-mill, in charge of George M. Gage, turned out about 3,000,000 staves and 400,000 keg heads per annum. At the cooper shop, of which Amzi Burroughs was the superintendent, the staves and heads were put up ready to be filled with nails. A new foundry built in 1857 turned out about 400 tons of castings each year, making all that were required for the uses of the other mills, etc. It was under the superintendence of Paul Glover. G. W. Eaton was outside superintendent and Henry W. Crane had charge of the transportation. The whole establish- ment was thoroughly organized and complete in itself. Over 700 men and boys were given constant employment. The panic of 1873, occurring as it did shortly after the death of the two partners, brought about a complete stag- nation of business. This was too large a concern to be operated by any one man of less than enormous capital. The owners of the property could not agree upon a suit- able rent with any tenant who might be disposed to under- take it, so that except from 1873 to 1876, when it was run by the sons of Dudley B. Fuller, and a short time in 1880, when one furnace was in blast, the works have lain idle. The town, depending upon this single industrj-, suffered terribly at first in the loss of its citizens and the depreciation of property; but silk mills and other indus- tries have since been set on foot which have restored to the place something of its former prosperity. PORT ORAM. • So far as railroad and canal facilities are concerned Port Oram is that place in the county best adapted for the manufacture of iron. The Mojris Canal and the Morris and Essex Railroad pass through the place and the Mount Hope and Chester branches terminate here. In addition to these within the last year the High Bridge- branch of the Central of New Jersey, and the Dover and Rockaway road, connecting with the Hibernia Railroad, have made this their junction. It is a place which has grown up almost entirely since the war, and is named from Robert F. Oram, who laid it out. The Port Oram Iron Company was incorporated March 31st 1868, its incorporators being John C. Lord, Robert F. Oram, William G. Lathrop, C. D. Schubarth, James H. Neighbour, W. H. Talcott, J. Covper Lord, Henry Day and Theodore F. Randolph, and the possible capital $300,000. Nearly all these gentlemen were connected in some way with the owners of the Boonton iron works, who also owned the Mount Pleasant and other mines in the immediate neighborhood. The furnace was much larger than either of the ones at Boonton, its capacity being 150,000 tons yearly. It cost with the land and improvements over $200,000, and was built in the years 1868 and 1869. It was first put in blast August 27th 1869 by its owners, but May 4th 1872 Ario Pardee leased the furnace for four years, and during that time it was in very successful operation. During the last year in which it was run it produced nearly 13,000 tons of iron. The company originally issued stock to the amount of $150,000, which was entirely consumed in the construe-, tion of the furnace and it became necessary to raise $100,000 additional; this was done by issuing bonds to that amount, taken almost entirely by the stockholders. In January 1877 the furnace was sold under foreclosure of the mortgage given to secure these bonds, and bought in for the bondholders, who reorganized under the name of the Port Oram Furnace Company. It is now out of blast. Besides the furnace there is at Port Oram a forge built in 1877-8 by John Hance and Robert F. Oram, where pig iron is rapidly refined by modern and improved ma- PORT ORAM IRON WORKS— CHESTER FURNACE— UNION FOUNDRY. 6i chinery. It was started August 5th 1878. The forge is now in operation, employing about 14 hands. The " run-out " connected with the forge has not been in operation recently. In detail, there are here one 6-twier run-out furnace, capable of producing 12 tons per day; four double-twiered fires for making anthracite blooms or blooms from pig iron, the four fires capable of produ- cing 200 tons of blooms per month; and four scrap- bloom fires, capable of producing 200 tons per month; all these estimates calculated upon double time, or run- ning day and night. Power is supplied by steam boilers of 80 horse power. The steam hammer has a drop weight of 2,200 pounds, stroke 30 inches. Blast is pro- duced by a double cylinder perpendicular blowing en- gine, built by Wrin & Brother, Lebanon, Pa., at a cost of $3,200. The capital stock of the company was $50,000, of which $32,000 was expended .in the erection of the forge, leaving $18,000 unissued. The officers of the com- pany are as follows: Robert F. Oram president; John Hance, vice-president; William G. Lathrop, treasurer; Edward Hance, secretary. THE CHESTER FURNACE. The Chester furnace, situated west of Chester village, was built in 1878 by the Jersey Spiegel Iron Company, for the purpose of making spiegel-eisen out of residuum which is the refuse of franklinite after the zinc is extracted. The project was abandoned, however, after the com- pletion of the furnace, and in the spring of 1879 it was leased for a term of years to W. J. Taylor & Co., who ran it on iron until the summer of 1880, when the original stack, which was 11 feet bosh and 40 feet high, was found to be too small to be profitable. It was torn down by the lessees and rebuilt 60 feet high and 13 feet bosh, and it is now in successful blast, averaging a production of 240 tons per week red short mill iron, made from Chester sulphur ores after roasting in the Taylor kilns, brand "Jersey." The iron ranks very high as a mill-iron, and is used mainly for sheets and plates, and also as a mix- ture with poor cold-short English irons — one-third of this iron mixed with two-thirds of Middlesborough pig making a good common iron. STEPHENS FURNACE. On the north side of the Morris and Essex Railroad, iust before reaching Drakesville station from the east, is an iron furnace and smoke stack erected in 1877 by Wil- liam A. Stephens, after a patent of his own. The process consists in introducing the ore, pulverized and heated, from the top of the furnace to the main fires below, and its inventor claimed that he could make a ton of iron with a ton of coal. About twenty tons of iron were man- ufactured when the furnace was first constructed, but since then it has been lying idle. FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS. Besides the foundries which have been mentioned in connection with furnaces and other iron works there have been several independent establishments. Some of these had but a comparatively short existence. About the year 1835 Joseph C. Righter built one at Rockaway on Berry's Brook, and a little farther up the stream a manufactory for making iron axles. The foundry is still standing, but it has not been used for over twenty years for the pur- pose for which it was built. It belonged to the late Richard Stephens at the time of his death. THE UNION FOUNDRY. In 1845 James Fuller and Mahlon Hoagland erected a foundry on the bank of the canal in Rockaway, which was adapted to doing a large' business. They had hardly gotten their works in complete order before an unlocked for calamity came upon them. At half-past 10 in the evening of September i8th 1850 a fire broke out which in an hour or two reduced their buildings to ashes. A large quantity of finely pulverized charcoal was in the corner of the foundry, and it is supposed that while the workmen were pouring the molten iron into the moulds some sparks fell into this charcoal, which slowly ignited until it was all aglow and from which fire was communi- cated to the building. An insurance of $3,500 did little toward making up a loss estimated at $20,000. Sixty hands were thrown out of employment. Fuller & Co. had been filling orders frorn Nova Scotia and New Mexico. They were then preparing castings for the new planes of the Morris Canal. The fire broke up the firm; Mr. Fuller went to California, and died on his way home. Mr. Hoagland remained. Freeman Wood, purchasing , the property, built it over and rented it to Aaron D. Berry, with whom Mr. Hoagland was associated. In 1853 they were employing forty-two hands, and con- suming 500 tons of coal and 500 tons of pig iron per annum. More than 100 tons of the castings for the Crystal Palace in New York were made here. From Mr. Wood the ownership of the property passed to the Morris County Bank, with the rolling-mill propeir- ty, and from the bank Mr. Hoagland rented for a time" and finally purchased. Associated with him in the ownership were Robert F. Oram and William G. Lathrop. The firm was called the Union Foundry Company, and, though in 1873 Mr. Hoagland became the sole owner, the buisness is still carried on in that name. For several years past the business has been constantly increasing, and throughout the dull times of 1874-7 the works were in constant operation. Heavy rolls etc. are made here for the foreign trade and for all parts of the United States. Here are manufactured also the ore and stone crushers patented by Chas. G. Buchanan, which have proved very successful wherever tried. Mr. Buchanan has very recently invented a train of magnetic rolls for the separation of ore from its impurities, which it is claimed will make many ores now worthless available for iron-making. The Swedish Iron Company, operating the Rockaway rolling-mill, uses these rolls to purify its sand ore at Block Island. THE MORRIS COUNTY MACHINE AND IRON COMPANY. This company was organized in the year 1868, and has erected its foundry and machine shop on Sussex 62 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. street in Dover, near the site of the foundry which Mr. McFarlan sold to Alexander Elliott and which the latter operated until it was destroyed by fire a few years since. It is doing a large business and gives employment to, about sixty hands. Much of its work is for the mines in the vicinity of Dover, building pumps, engines, air-com- pressors, etc. Hon. George Richards is president, William H. Lambert treasurer, and D. B. Overton super- intendent. HARTLEY FOUNDRY. This very complete though comparatively small estab- lishment is built on the site of the old Welch forge, near the Bartley station of the High Bridge Railroad. Its machinery is moved by water. William Bartley, the pro- prietor, is the owner of the patent " Bartley water wheel," and his principal business is its manufacture. It is a turbine wheel of great excellence. For power, economy of water and convenience of adjustment it is unsurpassed. CHAPTER X. IRON MINES OF MORRIS COUNTY. >N speaking of the iron manufactures it has been necessary to give more or less of the history of some of the principal mines con- nected with them, such as the Dickerson, Mount Hope and Hibernia mines. Prior to about the year 1850 the ore mined in the county was manufactured largely in the county and was raised for that purpose. The charcoal furnaces of the last century, the anthracite furnace at Boonton and the charcoal forges — always running, but with their period of greatest activity in the earlier part of this century — were the principal consumers. The demand for ore was comparatively limited. After 1850 the demand for ore for shipment to other counties of this State and to other States began to assume importance, and that demand has increased until the mining of ore is now the principal de- partment of iron industry in the county. Professor George H. Cook, State geologist, in his re- ports for the years 1879 and 1880 has given very com- plete lists of all the mines in the county and of their ca- pacity. He arranges the mines of the State in four belts, nearly parallel with each other, running northeast and southwest. ist, the Ramapo Belt, which begins near Peapack, in Somerset county, and extends in a northeast direction by Pompton to the State line. It is about two miles wide at the southwest and at the New York line its width is five miles. Mine Mountain, Trowbridge Mountain, the low mountains between Denville and Boonton, the mountain extending from Boonton to Pompton and the Ramapo Mountain are all in this belt. The belt includes the| following mines in Morris county: the Connet mine in Mendham township, already mentioned, and supposed to have been worked in the last century to some extent; the Beers mine, in Hanover township, on the farm of John H. Beers, from which only a small amount of ore has yet been shipped; the Taylor mine and the mine on the Cole farm, Montville township; and the Kahart, Lana- gan, De Bow, Jackson and Ryerson mines in Pequannock township, which have not been operated to any extent since 1874. 2nd, the Passaic Belt, next, to the northwest, which has a nearly uniform breadth of about five miles. It includes the principal mines of the county and State. In Chester township are the Pottersville, Rarick, Langdon, (R. D.) Pitney, Budd & Woodhull, Topping, Samson, Hotel, Collis, Creamer ist, Swayze, Cooper, Hacklebarney, Gulick, Creager, Hedges, Dickerson Farm, Creamer 2nd, De Camp, Leake, Daniel Horton and Barnes mines. Some of these mines have never been developed, others only partially. The Swayze, Gulick, Cooper and Hackle- barney have been worked successfully. The Cooper mine was opened in December 1879, on the farm of the late General N. A. Cooper, and is operated by the Cooper Iron Mining Company as lessee. It is under the super- intendence of John D. Evans. From the 14th of De- cember 1879 to the 1st of December 1880 over 12,000 tons of ore was shipped, and the supply seems almost limitless. For the first eeventy-five feet the shafts pass through a soft granular ore, very much decomposed and of a reddish color, after which a rich granular blue ore was struck. The vein is from fifteen to thirty feet wide. The Hacklebarney mine is an old mine, but on account of the prevalence of sulphur in the ore was not worked ex- tensively until it came into the hands of its present owners, the Chester Iron Company. Over 20,000 tons of ore were shipped from this mine during each of the years 1879 and 1880. The low percentage of phosphorus admits the use of this ore in making Bessemer steel, and it has been worked continuously since before 1873. There are several veins and many openings on this prop- erty, which may be considered as not one mine but sev- eral. The High Bridge Railroad has a branch to this mine, largely facilitating the transportation of the ore. In Randolph township are the following mines: Hen- derson, George (or Logan), David Horton, De Hart and Lawrence (worked by the Reading Iron Company) Dal- rymple (worked by the Crane Iron Company), Trowbridge, Solomon Dalrymple, Cooper, Munson, Lewis, Combs, Van Doren, Bryant (owned by D. L. and A. Bryant, and worked by the Bethlehem Iron Company), Connor Fow- land, Charles King, King McFarland, Evers (worked by the Saucon Iron Company), Brotherton & Byram (worked by the Andover Iron Company), Millen (owned by the Boonton Company), Randall Hill (operated by the Crane Iron Company), Jackson Hill (supposed to be worked out), Canfield's Phosphatic Iron, Black Hills, Dickerson, Canfield, Baker, Irondale (owned by the New Jersey Iron Mining Company, and which includes the Spring, Sul- livan, Corwin, Stirling, Hubbard, North River, Harvey IRON MINES IN RANDOLPH. 63 and Hurd mines), Orchard (owned by the estate of J. C. Lord), and Erb and Scrub Oak (which are owned by the Andover Iron Company), The King, Dickerson, Black Hills and Canfield mines are on the property of the. Dickerson Suckasunny Min- ing Company, and include the famous Dickerson mine, which is still in succesful operation. In the Geology of New Jersey, published in 1868, the estimated product of this mine to that date is given as 500,000 tons, since which time 300,000 have been raised, making a grand aggregate of over three-quarters of a million of tons. It is at present leased by Ario Pardee, and the ore is shipped mostly to his furnaces at Stanhope. There are slopes in this mine over 900 feet in length, and the big vein is over 25 feet wide in some places. The ore commands a ready sale on account of its richness, and brings a large royalty to the owners of the mine. The Dickerson Suckasunny Mining Company was incorporated February 24th 1854, with a capital stock of $300,000, its corpora- tors being Philemon Dickerson, Mahlon D. Canfield, Frederick Canfield, Jacob Vanatta, Edward N. Dicker- son, Silas D. Canfield and Philemon Dickerson jr., de- visees, or interested for the devisees of Governor Mah- lon Dickerson, the late owner of the mine; and their ob- ject was to continue the ownership of the property in the family, with more convenient management. This mine, as has already been stated, was " located " by John Reading in 1715 on West Jersey right, and sold by Read- ing to Joseph Kirkbride in 1716. Johathan Dickerson, the father of Governor Mahlon Dickerson, began to pur- chase of the Kirkbride heirs in 1779, and in partnership with Minard La Fevre he purchased nearly the whole. His son Mahlon purchased of his father's heirs in 1807 and bought out La Fevre and the remaining Kirkbride heirs. During the remainder of his life he continued to operate the mine, residing on the premises after his re- turn from Philadelphia in 1810. It afforded him ample means for the indulgence of his literary tastes and be- nevolent projects, and to lead unembarrassed a public life embracing higher political distinctions than have been attained by any other citizen of the county. Dr. Tuttle, who visited the mine in 1853, the year of tne governor's death, says: "The appearance of the vein is very singular. It looks as if some powerful force from beneath had split the solid rock, leaving a chasm of from six to twenty-five feet, and that the ore in a fused state had been forced into this chasm as into a mould. But at the place where the ore was first seen there is a sort of basin with a diameter of thirty feet. This was full of ore, which looks as if the melted mass had gushed over the vein and flowed into this basin, as we sometimes see the melted iron run over from a mould which is full." Next to the Dickerson mine is the Byram mine, so called from John Byram, who purchased it about forty years ago, when its principal value seemed to be in a venerable apple orchard. His explorations for ore were very successful, and in the last thirty years, during which time it has been under lease, it has produced an immense amount of ore. The old mine slope is 900 feet long. The vein averages from six to seven feet in width. A narrow-gauge railway runs from the mine to Ferro- monte, carrying the ore to the High Bridge Railroad, by which it is sent to the furnace of the Andover Iron Com- pany, the lessee. The Millen mine, near the Byram, was sunk to a depth of 120 feet and produced about 4,000 tons of ore in 1853. It was then owned by Green cfe Dennison, and with their Boonton works it passed from them to Fuller & Lord, and thence to the estate of J. Cowper Lord, deceased. The Baker mine on the same range is on the farm pur- chased by Henry and William H. Baker from Stephen De Hart in 1847. It was not extensively developed until sold by the Bakers, June 6th 1873, to Selden T. Scran- ton and Isaac S. Waterman. It is now operated and owned by the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company. Of the Irondale mines all have been idle of late years except the Stirling and Hurd mines, which are leased to the Thomas Iron Company. Some of these mines — as for example the Stirling and one formerly called the Jackson mine, from its owner, Stephen Jackson — are of great antiquity, having been worked with profit in the last century. The Stirling mine shoot has been followed about 1,500 feet, on a gentle pitch to the northeast, with an average thickness of six feet of ore. The height of the shoot was ninety feet in 1879, when it was producing about 1,200 tons per month. The Hurd mine was opened in 1872, by the Thomas Iron Company. In 1874 a subterranean stream of water prevented working it to its full capacity and finally led to a stoppage. Similar difficulty was met with in the Harvey and Orchard mines. To relieve these mines and all those about Port Oram the Orchard and Irondale adit was projected. It was a tunnel, having its mouth between the canal and the Morris and Essex Railroad between Port Oram and Dover and extending westerly. In a description of it given by L. C. Bierwirth, mining engineer and agent of the New Jersey Iron Mining Company, in the geological report of 1879 it is stated that it was commenced in April 1877, by the New Jersey Iron Mining Company, the Thomas Iron Company and the trustees of the estate of J. Cowper Lord, to drain their mines. The mouth of the discharging ditch is on the west bank of the Rockaway River, and the ditch and main adit had been carried up in April 1879 on the southwest side of the railroad 3,667 feet, the ditch being 983 feet and the adit 2,684 feet. At present there are 795 feet of open cut, 2,888 feet of the main line and 1,100 feet of the Irondale branch, which will be 350 feet longer when complete. It is five feet wide and ascends three-quarters of an inch in 100 feet. The ground encountered has generally been coarse gravel, with numerous boulders and occasional beds of quicksand. The effect on mines over 1,500 feet distant has been remarkable, and wells in the neighborhood have been entirely dried up. In Rockaway township in the Passaic belt are the fol- lowing mines: Johnson Hill, Hoff, Dolan, Washington Forge, Mount Pleasant, Baker (Dolan), Richards, Allen, 64 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Teabo, Mount Hope (including Hickory Hill), Swedes, Sigler, White Meadow, Beach, Hibernia, Beach Glen, Tichenor, Righter, Meriden, Cobb, Split Rock Pond, Greenville, Chester Iron Company, Davenport's, Green Pond or Copperas, Howell, Kitchel and Charlottenburg. The Johnson Hill and Hoff mines are on the Moses Tuttle property at Mount Pleasant, the one falling. to Mrs. Jane De Camp and the other to Mrs. Hannah Hoff in the division made in 1822 of the Tuttle property. The Johnson Hill mine is owned by Ephraim Lindsley, of Dover, and has not developed a large deposit. The Hoff mine has been worked almost continuously since 1872 by the Chester Iron Company, who leased from the heirs of Hannah Hoff. The Company shipped about 6,000 tons of ore in half of the year 1880, and the ca- pacity of the mine for the present year was estimated at 15,000 tons. The openings indicate a succession of shoots which pitch to the northeast. The ore is very solid and clean and said to be especially adapted to soft foundry iron. The Dolan mine, belonging to Bishop Dolan, has not been extensively developed. The Mount Pleasant mine is an old one, having been worked to some extent by Moses Tuttle. Guy Hinch- man purchased the property in 1818, and the mine was worked until the shafts reached a depth which prevented their being worked to profit at the then prices of ore and methods of mining. It afterward came into the hands of Green & Dennison, of the Boonton Company, and since then it has been in almost continuous success- ful operation. It now belongs to the estate of J. Cow- per Lord, deceased. The ore is very rich and clean. The depth of the east mine in 1879 was 600 feet. The Washington Forge mine, worked by the Carbon Iron Manufacturing Company, is on the old Washington Forge lot of Hoff & Hoagland. The length of the vein on this property is not very great and there is a prospect of its soon being exhausted. The Baker mine, to the northeast of the Mount Pleas- ant, was worked by the Allentown Iron Company until 1877, when the large vein suddenly " pinched out " in the bottom and the lessees were unable to discover its continuation, if any. This large vein is to the east of the Mount Pleasant vein, which also crosses the property and which has been worked to some extent. The Allentown Iron Company was sued in 1877 by the Thomas Iron Company, which owns the Richards mine, adjoining, for alleged overworking; and the suit occupied the time of a court and jury for over a month in October and Novem- ber 1877, resulting finally in a disagreement. The suit was at last compromised and settled. The shafts on this large vein were sunk about 300 feet, and the vein was in its widest place twenty-five feet wide. The ore was exceedingly rich and pure, comparing favorably with the Dickerson and best Mount Hope ores. The Richards mine is very old and is named from Richard Faesch, who purchased it of his father's estate. This mine, the Allen, Teabo, Mount Hope, Hickory Hill and Swedes are all on the old Mount Hope tract purchased by Faesch in 1772. The Richards mine was worked and operated by the Dover Company and its suc-" cessors, Blackwell & McFarlan, and by Henry McFarlan, was sold to its present owners, the Thomas Iron Com- pany, October 30th 1856. It is only since the latter, change of ownership that its wealth has been fairly de- veloped. There are two veins in this property, as on the Baker; the southeastern is the larger and the one princi- pally worked. The ore is sent to the company's furnaces at Hokendauqua, Pa. The Allen and Teabo mines and the 820 acres on which they are found were purchased of General Doughty by Canfield & Losey in the sale of the Faesch lands. : From them the property passed to Goble & Crane, and by them it was conveyed to Joseph and William Jackson. , The Jacksons divided the property between them in 1828, the Allen mine as it is now called falling to William and the Teabo to Joseph Jackson. The presence of ore was discovered on this tract by Jonathan Wiggins many years ago; but in 1826 Colonel Jackson marked out a place and set one William Teabo to work, with the promise that if he found ore the vein should be named after him. The vein was reached in about 30 feet and- Ihe name of Teabo has been attached to the mine ever since. Colonel Jackson worked the mine for his forges until 185 1, when he sold it to Samuel B. Halsey, who sold it the next year to the Glendon Iron Company, its present owners. For many years after the Glendon Company purchased it it lay idle and was supposed to have been exhausted; but the discovery that another vein crossed the property revived operations, and for several years it has yielded annually a large amount of very rich iron ore, The Allen mine was sold by William Jackson, June ist 1830, to Caleb O. Halstead and Andrew Brown in ignor- ance of its mineral value, and December 27th 1848 it was sold to Jabez L. Allen, who developed the rich veins which crossed it. He sold it January loth 1868 to Con- rad Poppenhusen, for $100,000, and it is now owned by the New Jersey Iron Mining Company. It has been operated, however, for many years by the Andover Iron Company, and is under the management of Richard George. The Mount Hope mines have perhaps produced more ore than any other in the county. As we have stated, they were worked by Jacob Ford, to supply his forges on the east branch of the Rockaway, before 1770, and by John Jacob Faesch, to supply his furnace and forges, to 1800. From Faesch they passed into the hands of the Phillipses, and from them to the Mount Hope Mining Company. Edward R. Biddle, owning or controlling the stock of this company, about 1852 transferred or sold it to the present owners, Moses Taylor and others, who are also the principal stockholders of the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company. In effect the property is owned by the last named company. It is estimated that r,ooo,ooo tons of ore have been taken from this mine since it was first opened. The great Jugular vein originally jutted out of the ground like a cliff, on the north side of the IRON MINES IN ROCKAWAY TOWNSHIP. 65 - road west of the Mansion House. It is of great width and developed for an enormous distance. Besides this vein there are at least four other large developed veins on the property. The Swedes mine, so called from the quality of the iron made from the ore, is on the original Mount Hope tract, but to the east of the range of the mines just men- tioned, and between Rockaway and Dover. It was dis- covered as early as 1792 or 1794 by one John Howard, who was in the employ of Stephen Jackson and mining at Hibernia. One Saturday he was returning to his home in Dover with his week's provisions when, instead of fol- lowing the road, he crossed through the woods. Setting down his provisions and a compass he carried, to rest, he "noticed the needle standing nearly east and west. He communicated the fact to his employer, who told Mr. Faesch. After Faesch's death Mr. Jackson purchased a large body of land from the Mount Hope tract near Rockaway, including the land on which this attraction was discovered. After the death of Stephen Jackson this property came into the possession of his son, Colonel Joseph Jackson, who developed the mine, driving in a 'tunnel, etc. October ist 1847 Colonel Jackson sold it to Green & Dennison, of the Boonton Company, who operated it extensively. The Boonton blast furnace was run principally on this ore for one hundred and twenty weeks at one time. This mine was very convenient for the Boonton Company, because the mouth of the adit or tunnel was on the bank of the Morris Canal, and trans- portation was easy down that canal about ten miles to the company's furnace. Since the war, however, the mine has been abandoned. The White Meadow mine was known before the Revo- lutionary war, as is evidenced by the mine lot being '' taken up " at that early date. No doubt ore was obtained from it to use in the White Meadow and other forges by Beman, Munson and the other forgemen of that date. Still the vein is narrow, and though the ore is of excellent quality the mine has not been steadily worked. It was leased in 1853 to the Boonton Iron Company under a lease which obligated them to raise 2,000 tons per annum. It then belonged to Colonel Thomas Muir, and is now owned by his son Peter Muir, his daughter Mrs. Ann J. Hoagland', and his son-in-law Mahlon Hoagland. Adjoining the White Meadow tract are lands of Dr. Columbus Beach, on which the White Meadow vein has been traced and an opening made called the Gidd mine. It was last operated by the Musconetcong Iron Company. The Hibernia mines are upon one vein, extending at least two miles in length. Where it cropped out of the south side of the hill at Hibernia it was operated by Samuel Ford, Stirling and those who preceded them, and adjoining to the northeast the " Ford mine '' was opera- ted as we have seen, by Jacob Ford and his lessees and grantees. But those operations were small compared with the mining of the last thirty years. Taking them in order, the mine to the southwest is the Beach mine, owned by the New Jersey Iron Mining Company, for- merly by Conrad Poppenhusen, who purchased of Dr. C. Beach. It was first opened about the close of the war, and is now being operated by the Andover Iron Com- pany. Next to this is the " Theo. Wood mine," the oldest opening of them all, and covering the vein on the side and foot of the Hibernia hill. It formerly belonged to the two sons of Benjamin Beach, Chilion and Samuel Searing Beach. The share of Chilion was bought by his son Columbus, and Thomas Willis, of Powerville, pur- chased the other half. Dr. Beach and Willis sold the mine, January nth 1853, to Theodore Wood for $14,000, which was supposed to be an excellent sale; but in 1865 it was sold to Conrad Poppenhusen for five times that amount. It belongs now to the New Jersey Iron Mining Company, which leases it to the Andover Iron Company. With the other mines owned or leased by the latter com- pany it is under the management of Richard George. Next in order is the Old Ford mine, now owned by the Glendon Iron Company. This company, being the lessee of the mines beyond, has not driven its Ford mine so rapidly as those leased by the company, holding it in reserve. Next to this mine are the Crane mine, belong- ing to the estate of Mrs. Eliza A. Crane, one of the daughters of Colonel William Scott, and the De Camp mine, belonging to the heirs of Mrs. Augusta De Camp, wife of Edward De Camp and another one of the daughters of Colonel Scott. Both of these mines and the Upper Wood mine are and have been for many years leased and operated by the Glendon Iron Company, whose general superintendent' and manager is George Richards, of Dover. The Upper Wood mine, so called from having once been owned by Theodore T. Wood, and to distinguish it from the one under the hill, for- merly belonged to Elijah D. Scott, a son of Colonel William Scott. Beyond the Upper Wood mine is the Willis mine, which was once the property of Araminta Scott, another of the daughters of Colonel Scott. It is now operated by the Bethlehem Iron Company and be- longs, as does also the Upper Wood mine, to the New Jersey Iron Mining Company. An underground railroad has been constructed from the foot of the hill northeast upon or in the vein through the bowels of the mountain, which brings the product of all the upper mines to the terminus of the Hibernia Railroad, on which all the ore of the Hibernia mines goes to market. The tonnage of this road, almost en- tirely made up of the product of these mines, was 99,123 tons in 1879. The Beach Glen mine is at Beach Glen, near the site of the old Johnston iron works and east of the old pond. It was formerly the property of Colonel Samuel S. Beach, who sold it to Samuel B. Halsey and Freeman Wood. They sold it for $4,000 to the Boonton Company, from whom it has come to the possession of the estate of James Cowper Lord, deceased. It was not in operation from 1875 to 1879. There are two large veins on the property, which have been worked to a depth of from 100 to 130 feet. The mine has been very productive, yielding large quantities of ore. 66 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The Cobb mine, east of the Split Rock Pond is an old mine, owned and worked for many years before his death by Judge Andrew B. Cobb. It still belongs to his estate, and with the forge at Split Rock is under lease to William D. Marvel, of New York. The Split Rock Pond mine was opened within the last few years by William S. De Camp, on the property of Benjamin F. and Monroe Howell, at the head of Split Rock Pond. Two veins of good size not fifty feet apart have been opened upon, with a good quality of ore. Transportation must be by wagons to Boonton or Beach Glen, which prevents development except when prices of iron rule high. The mines of the Chester Iron Company (that on the Halsey tract now owned by A. S. Hewitt, the Canfield or Pardee mine, the Davenport mine, the Green Pond or Copperas mine, belonging to the estate of Andrew B. Cobb, Howell's mine, Kitchel's mine, lately Bancroft's, and the Charlottenburg mine) are all upon what appears to be one vein, having its principal openings at the Cop- peras works. The vein lies under and along the east side of Copperas Mountain, and extends with more or less in- terruption from the Pequannock River to Denmark. Most of the ore is strongly impregnated with sulphur, which prevented its being used by the old forges for making iron. The absence of phosphorus makes it very valuable, however, for making Bessemer steel. The mines were operated by Job Allen in the Revolutionary war, and by Dr. Charles Graham during the war of 1812, and large quantities of the ore taken out for making cop- peras. A little was probably also used for making iron. In 1873 leases were made of this mine to William S. De Camp, who transferred them almost at once to the Green Pond Iron Mining Company. A railroad was built to the Midland Railroad, and over 6o,coo tons of iron have been taken out by the tenants in the last eight years. The mines are not now in operation. The Musconetcong Belt covers t he remainder of the county to the northwest of the Passaic belt (the Pequesi Belt, the fourth mentioned by Professor Cook, lying en- tirely outside of the county). It includes the following mines in Morris county: In Washington township. Sharp, Kann, Hunt Farm, Stoutenberg, Fisher, Marsh, Dickin- son, Hunt, Lake, Naughright, Sharp, Rarick, Hopler and Poole; in Mount Olive township, Shouse, Cramer, Smith, Appleget, Smith Lawrence, Mount Olive or Solomons, Drake and Osborne; in Roxbury township. Hilts, Baptist Church, King, High Ledge and Gove ; in Jefferson township, Davenport, Nolands, Hurdtown, Apatite, Hurd, Lower Weldon, Weldon, Dodge, Ford, Scofield, Fraser, Duffee and Shongum. Many of these mines are simply opened and their real value not developed. Some of them in Jefferson have been operated extensively. The Hurd mine, leased by the Glendon Iron Company of the estate of John Hurd, has perhaps produced the largest quantity of the best ore. The shoot is 60 feet high and 40 feet wide, and the slope has reached a length of 1,450 feet. The ore is shipped by way of the Ogden Mme Railroad and Lake Hopatcong, and thence to the company's furnaces at Glendon, Pa. Through the kindness of G. L. Bryant, of the High Bridge Railroad, of H. W. Cortright, superintendent of the Ogden Mine Railroad, and of John S. Gibson, of the Iron Era, we have obtained the amount of ore shipped from the county or from one part of the county to Chester furnace for the year ending July ist 1881 over the High Bridge, Ogden Mine and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroads — the Ogden Mine connecting through Lake Hopatcong with the Morris Canal. The amounts are as follows: Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- road, 297,359 tons 9 cwt.; Ogden Mine Railroad, 72,668 tons 13 cwt.; High Bridge to Chester, 18,386 tons; High Bridge to Phillipsburg, 161,135 '^""^ 5 cwt.; total, 549,- 549 tons 7 cwt. Besides this amount should be added what is shipped from the Dickerson mine to Stanhope and that which is sent over the New Jersey Midland Railroad. Professor Cook estimates the entire ore product of the State for the year 1880 at 800,000 tons. If the amount is the same from July ist 1880 to July ist r88i then Morris county produces over two-thirds of all the ore mined in the State. From the " Census of the Production of Iron Ore in the United States " compiled from the official figures for the bulletin of the Iron and Steel Association, we extract the following: There were nineteen mines in the country which produced over 50,000 tons each during the census year, two of which are in Morris county. First in order is the Cornwall Ore Bank, in Lebanon county. Pa., with a production of 280,000 tons. The eleventh in rank is the Hibernia mine, in this county, with a production of 85,623 tons, and the nineteenth is the Mount Hope mine, with a production of 50,379 tons. ■ Eleven counties produce 55.14 per cent, of the entire product, of which Marquette county, Mich., is credited with 17.14 per cent. The three leading counties and their product are: Marquette, Mich., 1,374,812; Essex, N. Y., 630,944; Morris, N. J., 568,420. Thus it will be seen that the county of Morris produced about three- quarters of all the iron ore raised in New Jersey. Sus- sex county produced 70,365 tons, and Warren county, 50,214 tons. CHAPTER XI. TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION — TURNPIKES — THE MOR- RIS CANAL RAILROADS. Y the end of the last century the increased business and population of the county de- manded better roads than had thus far suf- ficed. The pack saddle had been supplanted by wheels, and tolerable roads through the county had been built, but from the county to the seaboard the want of something better was The first turnpike company in the county was the TURNPIKES AND STAGE LINES. 67 Morris Turnpike Company, which was chartered March 9th 1801. Its corporators were Gabriel H. Ford, David Ford and Israel Canfield, and its object was declared to be the erecting and maintaining of a good and sufficient turnpike road from Elizabethtown, in the county of Es- sex, through Morristown, in the county of Morris, and from thence into the county of Sussex. The act. of in- corporation is very much like a modern railroad act, and provided for tolls to be charged, condemnation of lands, etc., etc. The road was actually built, entering Morris county at Chatham, and, passing through Madison in almost a straight line, ran to nearly opposite Washing- ton's headquarters in Morristown; passed through Mor- ris and Spring streets and Sussex avenue in Morristown, and so on through Walnut Grove, Succasunna Plains, Drakesville and Stanhope to Newtown. February 23d 1804 Elias Ogden, Joseph Hurd and John De Camp were made corporators of a new turnpike company, to be called the Union Turnpike Comj^any, which had for its object the building a road from Mor- ristown through Dover and Mount Pleasant, and from thence to Sparta, in the county of Sussex. The com- pany was to commence building the road at Sparta and work eastward. Under the auspices of this company the pike was made which, coming east from Sparta, ran through Woodport, Hurdtown, Berkshire Valley, Mount Pleasant and Dover, to Morristown. February 4th 1815 the company was allowed by act of Legislature to raise ^7,500 by lottery to pay its debts, and it is of record that a road near Stanhope was built with money raised in this manner. March 12th 1806 the Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike Company was incorporated, its incorporators being Joseph T. Baldwin, Nathaniel Beach, Isaac Pier- son, Hiram Smith and Joseph Jackson. This road en- tered the county at Cook's Bridge and, passing through Whippany and Littleton, fell into the Union turnpike at Pleasant Valley, near Dover. It was abandoned as a turnpike before 1833. March 3d 1806 a company was chartered to build a turnpike from Morristown to Phillipsburg, with a branch from Schooley's Mountain passing by the celebrated mineral springs to Hackettstown. The incorporators were David Welsh, George Bidleman, Nicholas Neighbour, Ebenezer Drake, Israel Canfield, James Little, John Mc Carter, Edward Condict, Harry Cooper, and Samuel Sherred, and it. was ealled the Washington Turnpike Company. It built the road which, leaving Morristown by the court-house, is still the principal road to Mendham; running thence through Chester, by the late General Cooper's mills, to German Valley, and so up Schooley's Mountain, through Springtown, to the mountain hotels, where it branched, the " spur " going north to Hacketts- town and the main line continuing through Pleasant Grove toward Phillipsburg. In 1823 the property of this company was sold by the sheriff to James Wood, who owned the road until 1842, when he made a reconvey- ance to the company. Mr. Wood also owned the fran- chises etc., of the Union Turnpike Company, which had been sold to Sylvester D. Russel and by his widow re- leased to him. The executors of Mr. Wood sold his interest in it in 1852 to A. C. Farmington and others, who reorganized the company. At the same time, March 3d 1806, the Paterson and Hamburg Turnpike Company was organized, which built the turnpike that, beginning at Aquacknonk Land- ing, in Essex county, passed through Paterson to Pomp- ton, and so up the valley of the Pequannockto Newfound- land, and on to Hamburg in Sussex. The corporators named in the act were Joseph Sharp, John Seward, Robert Colfax, Martin J. Ryerson, Charles Kinsey, Abraham Godwin, Abraham Van Houten, John Odie Ford and Jacob Kanouse. November 14th 1809 the Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike Company was incorporated, Tobias Boudinot, Israel Crane, Benjamin Smith, Lemuel Cobb, John Hinchman and Joseph Jackson being the incorporators. It began at Pine Brook, ran up through the Boudmot ■ Meadows — the dread of all travelers until filled in through their entire length — Troy, Parsippany, Denville, Rocka- way, and across the mountain to Mount Pleasant, where it joined the Union turnpike. July' 22nd 1822 this turn- pike was abandoned as such and was laid out by survey- ors of the highway as a public road, and it is still the main thoroughfare from that part of the country to New- ark etc. February nth 181 1 the Newark and Morris Turnpike Company was chartered, John Doughty, Benjamin Pier- son, Caleb Campbell, Seth Woodruff, Moses W. Combs and Jabez Pierson being the incorporators. The road was to pass through South Orange to Bottle Hill (Madi- son) or to Morristown. The Columbia and Walpack Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1819. These turnpikes had a great influence in developing the resources of the county — how great they who live at the present day of steam railroads can hardly appreciate. They were not profitable to the incorporators, and the benefit which accrued from them was to the community at large. Some idea can be gotten of the means of communica- tion in those days by the stage route advertisements. April 3d 1798 Pruden Ailing and Benjamin Green advertise the Hanover stage to run from William Par- rot's to Paulus Hook (Jersey City) every Tuesday, stopping at Munn's tavern in Orange and William Broadwell's in Newark, returning the succeeding day. The fare was one dollar. At the same time Benjamin Freeman and John Halsey advertised stages to run from Morristown to New York every Tuesday and Friday, returning every Wednesday and Saturday. The stage started from Benjamin Freeman's at 6 in the morning, stopped at Stephen Halsey's at Bottle Hill and Israel Day's at Chatham, and from thence to Mr. Roll's, at Springfield, from whence the stage went to Paulus Hook by Newark, but passengers desiring to go by Elizabeth- town Point could have a conveyance furnished. The fare to the Hook was $1.25, and to Elizabethtown $1. 68 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Ten years after, May 30th 1808, John Halsey adver-' tised a stage from Morristown to Elizabethtown Point, to start from his house at Morristown at 6 a. m. Mon- days, Wednesdays and Fridays, to arrive at the Point for the first boat and to return each succeeding day. The fare was ^r. A four-horse stage ran to " Powles Hook" as usual on Tuesdays and Fridays of each week; and the next year (April 4th 1809) John Burnet & Co. advertise a stage to run from Seth Gregory's tavern, on Morris Plains, through Morristown, Whippany, Hanover, Orange and Newark, to the " city of Jersey," starting at 6 a. m. Mondays and Thursdays and returning the succeeding days. They claimed that the route was shorter than any other and was on the turnpike nearly all the way. The fare was §1.50. In 181 2 William Dalrymple's stages were carrying people from Lewis Hayden's tavern to Elizabethtown Point three times a week for §t each, and from the Point they took steamer to New York. December 22nd of this year notice is taken of Governor Ogden's beautiful steamer, just completed, which went from Elizabeth to Amboy on Friday, December 19th, to take out papers. Returning she made the distance of thirteen or fourteen miles in iivo Jwurs. The machinery, " which differs in many respects from any heretofore built," was made by Daniel Dod, of Mendham, a very celebrated inventor and clock-maker. Sixteen years later, April 26th 1828 McCoury, Drake & Co. advertised a stage "to run through in one day and by daylight," for §2 fare, from New York to Easton, via Elizabethport, Morristown and Schooley's Mountain Springs. Passengers could leave New York by the steamer " Emerald " at 6 a. m., and returning leave Easton at 4 a. m. and arrive in New York at 6 p. m. While this was the through route the Morris and Ne^^' York mail stages left Morristown ^Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, and went by way of Hanover and Orange to Newark, whence passengers were taken to the city by steamboat. They arrived at New York at 3 p. m., and returning, at Morristown at 5 p. m. The fare through was $1.25. Ten years later the Morris and Essex Railroad was in operation, and there was an improvement in point of time and comfort, but, as will be observed, little in the cost of travel. The idea of making the Morris Canal was first con- ceived by George P. McCulloch, of Morristown, while on a fishing excursion to Lake Hopatcong, well known as the Great Pond. This lake was 925 feet above the level of the sea, and originally covered an area of five square miles. To dam up its outlet and luisband the winter rains, and then lead the accumulated waters westward down the valley of the Musconetcong to the Delaware) and eastward to and down the valleys of the Rockaway and Passaic to Newark, was the object he thought at- tainable. The region to be traversed was rich in its mineral products, and iron was manufactured in abund- ance in the fifty forges and three furnaces which were still in existence. Thirty forges and nine furnaces in this neighborhood had fallen into disuse, principally for lack of cheap transportation. Mr. McCulloch attempted to interest the State in his project, and by an act of No- vember 15th 1822 the Legislature appointed him, with Charles Kinsey, of Essex, and Thomas Capner, commis- sioners with authority to employ a scientific engineer and surveyor to explore, survey and level the most practicable route for this canal and to make an estimate of the cost thereof. The commissioners reported in 1823 and re- ceived the thanks of the Legislature; but the latter could not be induced to make it a State affair, and left it to private enterprise. Mr. McCulloch communicated an account of the enterprise to Cadwallader D. Colden in 1832, in which he speaks as follows of Professor Renwick, of New York, who planned the construction, as well as of others con- cerned in the business: " Be it here broadly stated that up to ihe time when the Morris Canal became a Wall street speculation lie was considered by every person connected with the en- terprise as the chief engineer; and that without his zeal, talent and science it would not within our day and generation have emerged beyond a scheme transmitted to a more liberal and enlightened posterity. "In April 1823 I went to Albany, and with Governor Clinton's concurrence obtained from the Legislature of the State of New York a grant of its engineers to join in the Morris survey. But even this co-operation did not seem to me sufficient to counteract the apathy of friends or the prejudices and party spirit of opponents. I there- fore wrote to Mr. Calhoun, then secretary of war, for the aid of General Bernard and Colonel Totten, heads of the U. S. engineer department. This reinforcement, with the volunteer services of General Swift, constituted a weight of authority sufficient to overpower cavil, igno- rance and hostility. From Albany I proceeded with Judge Wright, chief engineer of the Erie Canal, to Little Falls, for the purpose of engaging Mr. Beach to take the levels and survey the route, having previously conversed with him, and agreed with Professor Renwick to entrust him with that task. "The spring and summer of- 1823 were spent by me in collecting topographical and statistic information, as also in reconnoitering the various routes, in company with the inhabitants of their vicinity. Here a singular fact should be stated, that the plain good sense and local information of our farmers staked out the most difficult passes of the boldest canal in existence, and that in every important point the actual navigation merely pursues the trace thus indicated. In July 1823 Mr. Beach appeared for the first time on the scene of action, guided by Mr. Renwick, to whom the deliberative department was confided." December 31SI 1824 the "Morris Canal and Banking Company " was incorporated, with a capital of ^r, 000,000 for the purpose, as stated in the preamble, of constructing a canal to unite the river Delaware near Easton with the tide waters of the Passaic. Jacob S. Thompson, of Sus- sex, Silas Cook, of Morris, John Dow, of Essex, and Charles Board, of Bergen, were the incorporators named in the act; and George P. McCulloch and John Scott, of Morris county, Israel Crane, of Essex, Joseph G. Swift, Henry Eckford and David B. Ogden, of the city of New York, were appointed commissioners to receive sub- scriptions to the stock. The company was also allowed MORRIS CANAL— MORRIS AND ESSEX RAILROAD. 69 to do a banking business in connection Avith its canal, and in proportion to the amount expended on the canal. Relative to the financial features introduced in the organization through stock-jobbing influences Mr. Mc- Culloch speaks as follows: " It may be well here to remark that, anticipating the danger of throwing the whole concern into the control of mere foreign capitalists, the draft of a charter provided that a certain number of directors should be chosen resident in each county penetrated by the canal. * * * Several gentlemen from Wall street had volunteered their good offices and very kindly took post in the Tren- ton lobby after my departure. Upon their suggestion the draft of the charter was transformed into its present shape, nor did I receive the most distant hint of any alteration until the bill was finally passed. A company was formed and myself included in its direction. 'J'he precarious position of a canal coupled to a bank and diri;cted by men of operations exclusively financial )vas obvious. The interests of the country and the develop- ment of the iron manufacture were merged in a reckless stock speculation. I did all in my power to arrest this perversion, but soon found myself a mere cipher, stand- ing alone, and responsible in public opinion for acts of extravagant folly, which I alone had strenuously opposed at the board of directors. * * * l clung to the sinking ship until every hope of safety had vanished, and then vacated my seat by selling out, thus saving myself from ruin, if not from loss. From_ the moment the charter, altered without my knowledge, was obtained, the whole affair became a stock-jobbing concern, the canal a mere pretext; my efforts to recall the institution to its duty were regarded as an intrusion, and every pains was taken to force me to retire." * * * " Not only was the project itself first conceived by me, but I employed five years in exploring the route and con- ciliating friends. The newspaper articles, the correspond- ence to obtain information, the commissioners' report, and an endless catalogue of literary tasks were from my hand. I claim to have single-handed achieved the prob- lem of rendering popular, and accomplishing, a scheme demanding vast resources and stigmatized as the dream of a crazed imagination." The route of the canal was selected and the estimate made by Major Ephraim Beach, under whose direction the work was executed. The greatest difficulty experienced was in the inclined planes, which were not in successful op- eration until many costly experiments were made. The first completed was at Rockaway, and passed a boat loaded with stone, computed to weigh fifteen tons, from the lower to the upper level, 52 feet, in twelve minutes. It was not considered complete either in mechanism or workmanship, and it was not till 1857 that the present plane was adopted there. The canal was completed from Easton to Newark, 90 miles, iri August 1831. It was estimated to cost $817,- 000-^it actually cost about ^2,000,000. The canal was adapted to boats of 25 tons only, whicli in many cases proved too heavy for the chains of the planes. The pas sage from Easton to Newark was said to have been per- formed in less than five days. There were twelve planes and 17 locks, aggregating an elevation of 914 feet, the highest planes being those of Drakesville and Boonton Falls, which were each 80 feet. The continuation of the canal to Jersey City was not completed until 1836. To meet the payments in constrticting the canal the company borrowed in Holland $750,000, which was known as the " Dutch loan," and secured its indebtedness by a mort- gage on the canal. This mortgage the company was un- able to pay, and a sale under foreclosure was had, by which the regular stockholders lost their stock, the unsecured creditors their debts, and the State of Indiana, which held a second mortgage, much of its loan. The canal was bought in by Benjamin AVilliamson, Asa Whitehead and John J. Bryant, October 21st 1844, for $1,000, coo. The pur- chasers reorganized the company under the same name, and the new company immediately undertook the en- largement of the capacity of the can:l, which has been carried on- more or less every year since. While in its beginning its boats carried loads of 25 or 30 tons, they now carry loads of 65 and even 70 tons. Its tonnage (as appears by the reports to the stockholder.s) had in- creased from 58,259 tons in 1845, when only open part of the year, and 109,505 in 1846, to 707,572 in 1870. Its receipts for tolls and other sources in 1845 were $18,997.45; in 1846 $51,212.39; in 1870 $391,549.76. On the 4th of May 187 1 the Morris Canal Company made a perpetual lease of the canal and works to the Le- high Valley Railroad Company, — a Pennsylvania cor- poration, that desired it as an outlet to tide water. This company has since operated and treated the canal as its own. The Morris and Essex Railroad Company was incor- porated by the Legislature of New Jersey January 29th 1835, the incorporators named in the act being James Cook and William N. AVood, of Morristown, William Brittin, of Madison, Jeptha B. Munn, of Chatham, Israel D. Condict, of Milburn, John J. Bryan and Isaac Bald- win. The capital stock was fixed at $300,000, with power to increase it to $500,000, and the professed object of the company was to build a railroad from one or more places " in the village of Morristown " to intersect the railroad of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company at Newark or Elizabethtown. The rate for freight was limited to six cents per ton for each mile, and for passengers at six cents for each passenger per mile. A provision was also inserted in the charter that the State might take the road at its appraised value fifty years after its completion. The next year the company was authorized to build lateral roads to Whippany, Boon- ton, Denville, Rockaway and Dover, and to increase its stock $250,000. In 1838 the company was allowed to borrow money for the jnirposes of its road, and in 1839 to increase the par value of the shares from $50 to $75. Besides those named in the act of incorporation there were prominent and active in forwarding this enterprise from the beginning Hon. Lewis Condict, of Morristown, Jonathan C. Bonnel, of Chatham, and James Vanderpool, of Newark (father of Beach Vanderpool, afterward for so many years treasurer of the road). The difficulties met with in building the road were numerous and formidable, and were only overcome by enlisting in its behalf all who lived upon its proposed route. Changes were made in its location to gain it friends, and the directors exhausted 70 HISTORY OF MORRIS COtlNTV. every effort to carry the work to a successful termination. They frequently pledged their individual credit to supply the necessary funds. The engineer was Captain Ephraira Beach, who had been the engineer of the Morris Canal. The track was at first the " strap rail," consisting of a fiat bar of iron spiked on the edge of timb&rs running parallel with the road bed, and causing occasional acci- dents by loose ends curling under the wheels and some- times going through the bottom of the cars. There was at the outset no idea of its ever being a " through road " across the State, or of the immense traffic of the present day ever passing over it. The engines were small and two sufficed to do the work. The depot at Morristown was on De Hart street, the railroad approaching it through the present Maple avenue — formerly called Rail- road avenue and, before the time of the railroad, Canfield street. At Newark the cars were hauled from the depot on Broad street through Center street to the track of the New Jersey Railroad at tlie Center street depot. The business done by the new road was not sufficiently remunerative to pay for its construction or to induce capitalists to loan the company money as it needed, and in 1842 the road with its franchises was sold, chiefly to pay about $50,000 or $60,000 due its directors for money advanced by them. The sale was so made, however, that all the original stockholders had an opportunity to come in and redeem their stock (a privilege which a ma- jority availed themselves of) and all the debts of the company were paid. A reorganization followed, and the new company at once proceeded to relay the road with iron rails of more modern pattern, and to make other and greater improve- cents. In 1845 the continuation of the road to Dover, agreeably to the supplement of the charter passed in 1836, was undertaken. There being some doubt as to the power of the company to build the road after the lapse of so many years, an act of the Legislature was obtained in 1846 reaffirming and continuing the com- pany's priviliges and allowing it to build a road from Dover to Stanhope. Work was at once begun, and in July 1848 the road was completed to Dover, an event which was celebrated by a grand dinner at the latter place. To get beyond Morristown the road was taken up from the "Sneden place," below Governor Randolph's to De Hart street, and laid anew where it still runs. Con- templating to run from Denville directly to Dover, the people of Rockaway contracted to give the right of way from Denville to " Dell's Bridge," where the switch is now between Rockaway and Dover, if the road was laid through their place, which agreement was fulfilled. Dover was the end of the route for a year or two, but in 1850 the further continuation of the road was begun, and in 1853 or thereabouts it was finished to Hacketts- town. Here the work rested until 1861, when the road was completed across the State to Phillipsburg. The tedious method of getting through Newark to the New Jersey Railroad by horse power was submitted to until 185 1, when the company was authorized to con- tinue its road to Hoboken. In did not, however, do this at once, but made an arrangement with the New Jersey Railroad to run a branch of that road over the Passaic to the present Morris and Essex depot, so that trains ran by steam uninterruptedly through Newark and so on to the New Jersey Railroad, and as formerly to to Jersey City. It was not until 1863 that the com- pany built its own road to Hoboken, getting an act passed in 1864 to enable it to buy the Passaic bridge, etc., of the New Jersey Railroad. In 1866 an arrangement was made to lease the road to the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company, and it was the intention to make it a part of a great through route to the west; an enterprise which entirely failed, owing to the failure of Sir Morton Peto or the other parties interested. December loth 1868 a lease was made to the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Rail- road Company, which is still in force. By it the lessees agree to operate the road, making it a part of their own line to tide water, and to guarantee the payment of inter- est on its funded debt and at least 7 per cent, per annum dividends on its stock. Many collateral or branch roads have been built to the main line. Shortly after the continuation to Hacketts- town the Sussex Railroad was built from Newton to Waterloo, hitherto owned and managed by a separate board of directors and kept entirely distinct from the main line. In 1864 the people of Boonton were accom- modated with a branch from Denville to take the place of the stage line which had previously been their means of conveyance. This was largely through the influence of J. C, Lord, half owner of the Boonton Works and a director in the Morris and Essex. The Chester Railroad was constructed in 1867, mainly through the efforts of Major Daniel Budd, by the Chester Railroad Compan)', an organization distinct in name but in reality an ad- junct to the Morris and Essex road. Shortly afterward the Hibernia Railroad, which was built during the war from Hibernia to the Morris Canal at Rockaway as a horse road, was extended to the Morris and Essex line and made a steam road. It is a separate corporation in every respect, the Morris and Essex not owning or con- trolling its stock. The Ferromonte Railroad is a spur of the Chester road built in 1869 to the Dickerson mine. The Mount Hope Railroad, from Port Oram via the Richards, Allen and Teabo mines to Mount Hope, was built just after the war, to carry the immense ore freights of these mines along its route. It supplanted in use a tram railway from Mount Hope to the canal at Rocka- way. Since the Morris and Essex has been under the con- trol of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company very great changes have been made in it. The Paterson branch, beginning at Dell's Bridge over Mill Brook between Rockaway and Dover, and running thence with double track to Denville, where it crosses the main line, thence to Boonton, mostly on the bed of the old "Boonton branch," and so by way of Paterson to the tunnel; the new Hoboken tunnel, and the double track- ing of the old road its whole length except between Mor- MINOR RAILROADS— EARLY CHURCHES. 71 ristown and Rockaway, have been the work of the lessees. The expense of these improvements and additions has been charged to the Morris and Essex road, so that, while its stock and bonds amounted at the time of the lease to about $12,000,000, they now amount to about $36,000,000. Besides the Morris and Essex Railroad and the branches mentioned in connection therewith, there are in the county of Morris the New Jersey Midland Railroad, which skirts the northern edge of Pequannock, Jefferson and Rockaway townships; the Greenwood Lake Railroad, which crosses Pompton Plains; the Green Pond Railroad, which is a branch of the New Jersey Midland running from Charlotteburgh to the Copperas mine; the High Bridge Railroad, a branch of the Central of New Jersey, running from High Bridge through German Valley and McCainsville to Port Oram, with a spur to Chester; the Dover and Rockaway Rail- road, connecting the High Bridge Railroad at Port Oram with the Hibernia Railroad at Rockaway; and the Ogden Mine Railroad, running from the Ogden and Hurd mines to Lake Hopatcong — all built since the last war, and which properly come within the province of the histories of the several townships in which they lie. CHAPTER Xn. RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. JN 1765 there were in the county, according to the historian Samuel Smith, fourteen houses of worship. There were nine erected by the Presbyterians — those of Hanover, organized in April 1818, and then presided over by Dr. Jacob Green; Mendham, where Rev. Francis Peppard preached; Morristown, organized from Hanover in 1738, and whose pastor was the celebrated Dr. Timothy Johnes, who began his ministry in 1743 and who maintained his connection with the church till his death, in 1798; Madison, where Rev. Azariah Hor- ton was pastor; Parsippany, Rockaway and Chester, at that time without settled pastors. The other two Pres- byterian churches were probably at Sucasunna and near Basking Ridge. The Evangelical Lutherans at German Valley had erected a church there in 1745. The Baptists had built a church at Morristown in 1752, and the Con- gregationalists a church at Chester in 1747. The Quaker meeting-house about a mile south of Dover, erected at that time, is still standing. The Rogerines, a peculiar, fanatical sect, had at that time an organization, most of the members living upon Schoole>'s Mountain. It be- came extinct before or about the beginning of the Revo- lutionary war. Not till 1771 did the Dutch Reformed church of Pompton Plains erect an edifice on the Morris county side of the riven Under the leading of Dr. Jacob Green, in 1780, he with three other ministers withdrew from the Presbytery of New York and formed what was called the Presbytery of Morris county. For twelve years it stood alone; but in 1792 the Westchester Presbytery was formed, and in 1793 the Northern Presbytery, and the name "Associ- ated " was adopted. They were properly Congregational bodies, not holding the authority of synod and being Presbyterians in little but in their name. One of the first ministers ordained by this Morris County Presbytery (in 1783) was Joshua Spalding, said by Dr. Johnson, of New- burgh, to have been the means of converting more souls than any other man since Whitefield's day. Rev. Albert Brundage, who was taken under care of the presbytery in 1715, was one of the last. In 1830 the Presbytery of Westchester, the last of this group of Associated presby- teries, ceased to exist. Their history has been only par- tially preserved; but enough remains to show that they were instrumental in doing a great amount of good in a region which required a class of ministers who were willing to endure hardship, and whose work was quite as acceptable although their education had been not of the best. These men were ordained by these Associated ■presbyteries, and this was one cause of their separation from the synod. In Alden's "New Jersey Register" of 1812 it is said that the churches and pastors of that day were as follows: Presbyterian — Black River or Chester, Rev. Lemuel Fordham; Hanover, Rev. Aaron Condict; Mendham, Rev. Amzi Armstrong; Morristown, Rev. Samuel Fisher- Rockaway, Rev. Barnabas King; Pleasant Grove and Hackettstown, Rev. Joseph Campbell; Boonlon and Pompton, vacant. Baptist — Morris and Randolph, vacant. Methodist — Asbury charge, which embraced a part of this county, had as ministers James Moore, Charles Reed and John Van Schaick. Congregational — Split Rock and Newfoundland, Rev. Jacob Bostedo; Chester and Schooley's Mountain, Rev. Stephen Overton. The Society of Friends held meetings at Mendham. The history of these various churches and of those which were afterward organized will be found in more or less detail in the sketches of the different townships. The following is a list of all the churches at present in the county, and the names of their respective pastors: Presbyterian — Morristown, First church, Rev. Rufus S. Green (now resigned); Morristown, South street. church. Rev. Albert Erdman, D. D.; Chatham, vacant; Dover, Rev. W. W. Holloway; Boonton, Rev. Thomas Carter; Madison, Rev. Robert Aikman, D. D.; Whippany, Rev. David M. Bardwell; New Vernon, Rev. Nathaniel Conk- lin; Parsippany, vacant; Succasunna, Rev. Elijah W. Stoddard, D. D.; Chester, Rev. Jaines F. Brewster; Mendham, First church. Rev. I. W. Cochran; Mendham, Second church, Rev. James M. Huntting jr.; German Valley, Rev. E. P. Linnell; Mt. Freedom, Rev. W. W. Holloway sen.; Flanders, Rev. Daniel W. Fox; Hanover Rev. James A. Ferguson; Mt. Olive, Rev. O. H. Perry 72 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Deyo; Rockaway, Rev. Jaraes O. Averill; Pleasant Grove, Rev. Burtis C. Megie, D. D. Methodist Episcopal — Rev. J. H. Knowles, presiding elder; Morristown, Rev. S. L.Bowman, D. D.; Rockaway, Rev. E. H. Conklin; Dover, First church, Rev. H. D. Opdyke; Dover, Second church, Rev. William H. Mc- Cormick; Dover, free church. Rev. Mr. Tamblyn; Walnut Grove and Mill Brook, Rev. C. L. Banghart; Port Oram and Teabo, Rev. J. B. McCauIey; Mount Hope, Rev. C. W. McCormick; Succasunna, Rev. J. Thomas; Flanders and Drakestown, Rev. D. E. Frambes; Mendham, Rev. J. R. Wright; Hibernia, Rev. G. T. Jackson; Denville and Rockaway Valley, Rev. W. Cham- berlain; Boonton, Rev. J. A. Kingsbury; Parsippany snd Whippany, Rev. John Faull; Madison, Rev. W. I. Gill. Protestant Episcopal — St. Peter's, Morristown, Rev. Robert N. Merritt; Church of the Redeem.er, Morris- town, Rev. George H. Chadwell; St. John's, Dover, Rev. David D. Bishop; St. John's, Boonton, Rev. John P. Appleton; Grace, Madison, Rev. Robert C. Rogers; St. Mark's, Mendham, Rev. Levi Johnston. Roman Catholic — Church of the Assumption, Morris- town, Rev. Joseph M. Flynn; St. Vincent's, Madison, Rt. Rev. W. M. Wigger, D. D., Rlv. Joseph Rolando; Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, Boonton, Rev. Patrick F. Downes; St. Mary's, Dover, Rev. James Hanly; St. Joseph's, Mendham, Rev. James P. Poels; St. Elizabeth's Convent, Madison, Rev. Dennis McCartie; St. Cecilia's, Rockaway, Rev. Father Kennealy; St. Bernard's, Mt. Hope, Patrick A. McGahon. Baptist — Morristown, Rev. Addison Parker; Drakes- town, no pastor; Millington, Rev. Peter Sibb; Schooley's Mountain, Rev. M. M. Fogg. Reformed — Boonton, Rev. O. H. Walser; Montville, Rev. James Kemlo; Pompton Plains, Rev. J. H. White- head. Congregational — Chester, Rev. Frank A. Johnson; Stanley, Rev. Rollin G, Stone; Morristown, Rev. Mr. Pan n ell. Lutheran — German Valley, vacant. African Methodist Episcopal — Morristown, Rev. A. H. Newton. The Morris County Sabbath-School Association was organized about twenty years ago, and held its nineteenth annual meeting at Rockaway on October 5th 1881. The following are its officers; President, Hon. Nathan- iel Niles, Madison; vice-presidents. Rev. T. H. Landon, Succasunna; Hon. A. M. Treadwcll, Madison; Rev. F. A. Johnson, Chester; Robert N. Cornish, Esq., Gillette; Rev. R. S. Green, Morristown; Rev. J. H. Whitehead, Pompton Plains; Rev. A. Hiller, German Valley. Sec- retary and treasurer, George E. Righter, Parsippany. Recording secretary, George W. Howell, Littleton. Town- ship secretaries — Boonton, George D. Meeker, Boonton; Chatham, F. A. Bruen, Madison; Chester, P. J. Crater, Chester; Hanover, Joseph D. Doty, Littleton; Jefferson, J. S. Buck, Woodport; Mendham, Rev. I. W. Cochran, Mendham; Montville, Richard Duryea, Boonton; Morris, Walter A. Searing, Morristown; Mount Olive, D. A. Nicholas, Flanders; Passaic, John S. Tunis, New Vernon; Pequannock, John F. Post, Pompton; Randolph, D. S. Allen, Dover; Rockaway, E. P. Beach, Rockaway; Rox- bury, L. F. Corwin, Succasunna; Washington, Rev. E. P. Linnell, German Valley. The executive committee con- sists of the above named officers and township secretaries, the county secretary being chairman. The repoits of the township secretaries for the year 1880 are summarized as follows. All but seven of the schools are held throughout the year. Township. Bonntoii Uhiitliiiiii CliuPtiir Hiuiiiver Jefferson Mendham Montville ... Morris Mount Olive Passaic Pequannock, liandulpb — Koolcaway... Koxbuvy Washington., & u It i 1 ■3 a C C i s ii.Oi- Si- OO) a CO c c .0 nS •^ = > a; a 3 £ 2 •z.-;:. < 1803; Ellis Cook, 1793; Ebenezer Cae, 1793, 1798, 1804, 1809, 1814, 1819, 1824; Jabez Campfield, i793> 1798; Hiram Smith, 1793; Simeon Broad- well, 1793; George Bockover, 1794, 1799; John Cobb, 1794, 1799, 1803; Joseph Lewis, 1796; Benjamin Beach, 1796, 1801, 1806, 1811; Robert Colfax, 1796, 1812, 1818, 1822; Ebenezer Drake, 1796, 1801; John De Camp, 1796, 1801, 1806, 1812, 1817; Joshua Jennings, 1797; Aaron Ball, 1798, 1803; Nicholas Em- mons, 1798, 1803, 1808; Ziba Hazen, 1799; Nicholas Mandeville, 1799, 1803, 1808, 1813, 1818; Nicholas Neighbour, 1799, 1804, 1809, 1814; Israel Lum, 1799, 1804; Daniel Horton, 1801, 1806, 1812, 1816, 1821, 1826; Joseph Hedges, 1801, 1806, 1812; Abraham Kitchel, 1803; Benjamin Ludlow, 1803; Richard Johnson, 1803, 1808, 1813, 1818; Jesse Upson, 1803, 1808, 1813, 1818, 1823, 1828; William Munro, 1803, 1808, 1818, 1822, 1824, 1833, 1834 (resigned 1835); Benjamin Condit, 1803, 1808, 1813, 1818, 1823, 1828; Daniel Hurd, 1803, 1808; Ben- jamin Lamson, 1803, 1808, 1813; Jacob Miller, 1804; John Doughty, 1805, 1812; Jonathan Ogden, 1805, 1812; David Pier, 1805, 1810; Silas Cook, 1805, 1812, 1817, 1826, 1833, 1838, 1843; Peter Smith, 1805, 181 t; Daniel Hopping, 1805, 1810, 1816, 1820, 1825, 1832; Benjamin Smith, 1806, 1811, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819 (resigned 1820); Preserve RigRS, 1806, 1811; Isaac Lindsley, 1806, 1811; Cornelius Voorhees, 1807; Edward Condict, 1807, 1812, 1817, 1822, 1824, 1827, 1829, 1834; Lot Dixon, 1807, 1812, 1817; Joseph Halsey, 1807; David S. Bates, 1807; Ezekiel Kitchel, 1808; Philip Schuyler, 1808; John Kelso, 1808; Henry Cooper jr., 1808, 1813, 1818; William Spencer, 1809, 1813 (resigned 1814); Benjamin Pierson, 1809, 1814, 1819; Mahlon Dickerson, 181 1 ; Thomas Van Winkle, 181 1, 1816, 1820, 1825, 1832, 1837; Thomas Parrot, 1811, 1818; Thomas Logan jr., i8i2, T817, 1821; Stephen Dickerson, 1812, 1817, 1821, 1826, 1831, 1836; John Smith, 1812, 1817, 1820; Israel Canfield, 1812; John G. Cooper, 1812, 1817, 1822; Ebenezer H. Pierson, 1813; Joseph Jackson, 1813, 1818, 1822, 1827; Henry W. Phillips, 1813; Lemuel Cobb, 1813. 1818, 1822, 1827; John Stark "3d, 1813; Cornelius Davenport, 1813; Lawrence Henn, 1813; Jacob B. Drake, 1813; William Woodhull, 1813, 1818; Elijah Ward, 1814, 1818, 1835, 1844; Leonard Neighbour, 1814, 1819, 1824; Obadiah Crane, 1814, 1819; David Mills, 1814, 1818 (resigned 1819), 1822; Silas Lindsley, 1815, 1820, 1825, 1830; Jacob Drake jr., 1815, 1820; Jacob Demouth, 1815, 1820, 1826, 1832; Jonathan Miller, 1815, 1820, 1825, 1838, 1843; Lambert Bowman, 1815; William Babbit, 1815, 1820, 1825, 1831, 1837, 1842; Samuel S. Beach, 1816; Aaron JUSTICES— MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. 77 Ball, 1816; Paul Drake, 1816, 1825; Squier Lum, 1816, 1821, 1826, 1831, 1836, 1842; David Miller, 1817; David Day, 1817, 1821, 1826, 1836, 1842; Abraham Cook, 1817 Jacob Weise, 1817; Lewis Condit,i8i8; John Sharp 3d 1818, 1824, 1829, 1834; Gabrier Johnson, 1819, 1823 1828; Joseph Hedges, 1819; William Dellecker, 1819, 1823, 1828, 1833; Ephraim P. Stiles, 1818; Joseph Smith 1819, 1824, 1829, 1839; Ebenezer Smith, 1820; Robert "-Staght, 1820; Nicholas Arrowsmith jr., 1821, 1826, 1836 John Smith of Roxbury, 182 1; Richard Grey, 182 1 1826, 1830 (resigned); Benjamin P. Lum, 1822, 1827 1832, 1837, 1841, 1842; Samuel Weise, 1822; Cornelius Ludlow, 1822, 1827; Benjamin Crane, 1822, 1827, 1832 "Stephen Congar, 1822, 1827, 1832, 1837, 1842; Aaron Kitchel, 1822, 1827; William Logan, 1822, 1827, 1832 David Thorp, 1822, 1827; John Hunt, 1823, 1828, 1837 1842; Peter Kemple, 1823, 1828, 1833, 1839; Aaron Sal- mon, 1823, 1832, 1837, 1842; Isaac Quimby, 1824, 1829 1834; William Thompson, 1824; Ebenezer F. Smith 1824, 1829, 1833, 1834; Thomas Dickerson, 1824, 1829 Samuel Sayre of Roxbury, 1825; James Wood 1825, 1830, 1837; Azariah Carter, 1825, 1830 1836, 1843; Benjamin Rome jr., 1825, 1833; Peter Freeman, 1825, 1830; Sylvanus Cooper, 1826, 1831; John Sherman, 1826, 1836; John F. Smith, 1826, 1831, 1832 David Thompson, 1828; Lemuel Neighbour, 1828; George H. Ludlow, 1828; Daniel L. Tuttle, 1828; Zephaniah Drake, 1829; Matthias Kitchel, 1829, 1834, 1839; Wil- liam De Hart, of Pequannock, 1829; Andrew Pearce, 1829; William Brittin, 1829, 1834; Nathaniel Corwin, 1829, 1834; Jacob Welsh of Washington township, 1829, 1834, 1839; Alexander Dickerson, 1829, 1834, 1839; Stephen Vail, 1829, 1834; John A. Bleecker, 1829, 1834; -Charles Freeman, 1829; Joseph Dalrymple, 1829; Robert K. Tuttle, 1829, 1834, 1843; Daniel Thompson jr., 1829; Simeon Lindsley, 1830, 1835, 1844; Henry Stephens, 1830; Peter A. Johnson, 1830, 1835, 1840; George R. •Colfax, 1830, 1833, 1836, 1840; Moses Beach, 1831; John Righter, 1831, 1836; Isaac ISeach jr., 1831; John W. Hancock, 1831; George Trimmer jr., 1831, 1836; Daniel McCorraick, 1831; David Horton, 1831; Michael Arrow- smith, 1831; Joseph Jackson, 1831, 1836, 1841; Andrew Fleck, 1831; Nelson, Howell, 1832; Morris Hager, 1832; James M. Fleming, 1832, 1838; Cornelius Mandeville, 1832; Isaac Whitehead, 1832; Robert Hand, 1832; Isaac Ball, 1832; Ephraim Marsh, T832; Stephen Salmon, 1833, 1838, 1843; John Debow, 1833, 1838; Silas C. Clark, 1833, 1838; Jacob Johnson, 1833; Daniel Runyon, 1833, 1838, 1843; Francis Stickle, 1833; Samuel Sayre of Mor- ris, 1833; William Headley, 1833; Stephen O. Guerin, 1833; John Welsh, 1833; Robert C. Stephens, 1833, 1838, 1843; William O. Ford, 1833, 1838, 1839, 1843; Calvin Dixon, 1833, 1838; Loammi Moore, 1833, 1838; Francis Child jr., 1833; Silas Condict, 1833, 1843; Samuel Hilts, 1833, 1838, 1843; Calvin Thompson, 1833; David W. Miller, 1833, 1843; Stephen R. Haines, 1833; William Jackson, 1833; John Seward jr., 1833, 1838; William Spriggs, 1833; Isaac Mead, 1833; John Mott jr., 1833; Nathan A. Cooper, 1834; John Hardy, 1834; Daniel P. Merchant, 1834; Calvin D. Smith, 1834; John S. Ballen- tine, 1834; Jeptha B. Munn, 1834; Jonathan Thompson, 1835, 1843; Rheace Nicholas, 1835, 1843; James Ely, 1835; Samuel Hedges, 1835, 1843; John M. Losey, 1835; Moses A. Brookfield, 1836, 1843; Henry Kennedy, 1836; Mah- lon Pitney jr., 1836, 1841; Samuel C. Caskey, 1836, 1844; David Burnet jr., 1836; Josiah P. Knapp, 1836; Elisha Bard, 1836; John Garrigus jr., 1836, 1841; Henry Ste- vens, 1837, 1842; John T. Young, 1837; William Allen, 1837; Nathaniel F. Douglass, 1837, 1842; Archer Ste- phens, 1837; 1842; Isaac Bird, 1838, 1843; Henry Cole, 1838, 1843; Aaron Doty, 1838, 1843; Charles Ford, 1838,1843; DavidT. Cooper, 1838, 1843; Henry J. Hoff- man, 1839; Calvin Howell, 1839; Martin S. Moore, 1839; Morris Sharp, 1839; Samuel Swayze, 1839; Robert Al- bright, 1839, 1844; Enos Davenport, 1839; John Dal- rymple, 1839; Silas L. Condict, 1839; James F. Hopping, 1839; Benjamin L. Condict, 1840; David Crater jr., 1840; Jared Howell, 1840; William B. La Fever, 1840; Elisha B. Mott, 1840; Moses Cherry, 1840; Jacob Holloway, 1840; Joseph C. Harvey, Abraham C. Canfield, Hubbard S. Stickle, John Wells, William Nichols and William P. Brittin, 1841; John J. Youngs, Andrew Flock, James R. Dennison, 1842; William M. Clark, 1843, resigned 1845; Wickliff H. Genung, John Seward jr., David Sandford, David Burnet, James Ely, John J. Ballentine, Jacob Swackhamer, Thomas Coe, Thomas Landron, Cummins McCarty, William Little, Michael McLane, Joseph Cole- man, David S. De Camp, Gilman T. Cummings, William B. Johnson, Josiah B. Knapp and William H. Dickerson, 1843; Henry Kennedy, Cornelius W. Mandeville, Eli- phalet Drake, Moses Beam, John Gray, Alfred Vanduyne, Jacob Powers, William T. Munroe, Jacob Drake, Stephen W. T. Meeker, David Allen and Timothy Southard, 1844. The constitution of 1844 provided for the election of justices of the peace by the people of each township. Members of the Council (elected annually under the first constitution). — Silas Condict, 1776-80; John Carle, 1781-84; John Cleves Symmes, 1785; Abraham Kitchel, 1786-88, 1793, 1794, 1798-1800; William Woodhull, 1789, 1790; Ellis Cook, 1791, 1792, 179s; David Welsh, 1801-6; Benjamin Ludlow, 1807-14; Jesse Upson, 1815-22 (vice- president 1818-22; Silas Cook, 1823-27 (vice-president in 1827); Edward Condict, 1828-30; James Wood, 1831, 1832, 1840, 1841; Mahlon Dickerson, 1833; William Munro, 1834; Jeptha B. Munn, 1835, 1836; William Brit- tin, 1837, 1838; Jacob W. Miller, 1839; Ezekiel B. Gaines, 1842; John H. Stanburrough, 1843. State Senators. — John B. Johnes, 1845-47; Ephraim Marsh, 1848-50 (president in 1849 and 1850); John A. Bleeker, 1851-53; Alexander Robertson, 1854-56; An- drew B. Cobb, 1857-59; Daniel Budd, 1860-62; Lyman A. Chandler, 1863-65; George T. Cobb, 1866-70; Colum- bus Beach, 1871; Augustus W. Cutler, 1872-74; John Hill, 1875-77; Augustus C. Canfield, 1878-80; James C. Youngblood, 1881. Assemblymen. — Under the first constitution, adopted July 2nd 1776, each county was entitled to three assem- blymen, who were elected on the second Tuesday of October, the Assembly convening on the second Tues- day thereafter. In 1815 Morris county was authorized to elect four members of Assembly, but the number three was restored in i860. The county was first dis- tricted in 1852, Chatham and Morris townships com- posing the first district, Hanover and Pequannock the second, Jefferson, Rockaway and Roxbury the third, and Chester, Mendham, Randolph and Washington the fourth. In i860 the county was redistricted, to conform to the reduced representation, as follows: ist district, Chatham, Chester, Mendham and Morris; 2nd, Hanover, Pequannock and Rockaway; 3d, Jefferson, Randolph and Roxbury. The subsequent arrangement of districts has been as follows: 1867 — ist district, Chatham, Hanover, Morris and Pas- saic; 2nd, Jefferson, Pequannock, Randolph and Rock- away; 3d, Chester, Mendham, Roxbury and Washing- ton. 1868 — ist district, Chatham, Hanover, Mendham, Morris and Passaic; 2nd, Boonton, Jefferson and Rock- 78 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. away; 3d, Chester, Randolph, Roxbury and Washington, 1871 — ist district, Chathann, Hanover, Montville and Morris; 2nd, Boonton, Jefferson, Pequannock and Rock- away; 3d, Chester, Mendham, Passaic, Randolph, Rox- bury and Washington. An act redistricting the county as follows in 1878 was repealed in 1879 — 1st district, Chatham, Chester, Mendham, Morris and Passaic; 2nd, Boonton, Hanover, Montville, Pequannock and Rocka- way; 3d, Jefferson, Mt. Olive, Randolph, Roxbury and Washington. By an act of March 21st 1881 Mt. Olive and Roxbury were attached to the 2nd district. In the following list of members of Assembly from Morris county the district represented by the ■ member is indicated by its .number following his name, and the territory repre- sented can be ascertained by reference to the dates above: Jacob Drake, 1776-78; Ellis Cook, 1776, 1777, 1779, 1781-92; William Woodhull, 1776, 1777; Abraham Kitchel, 1778, 1779; David Thompson, 1778, 1795; Alexander Carmichael, 1779; William Winds, 1780; John Carle, 1780; Eleazer Lindsley, 1780; Aaron Kitchel, 1781, 1782, 1784, 1786-90, 1793, 1794, 1797, 1801-04, 1809; John Starke, 1781-83, 1785-88, 1791, 1795; Jonathan Dickerson, 1783; Jacob Arnold, 1784, 1785, 1789, 1790; Hiram Smith, 1791, 1792; Silas Condict, 1791-94, 1796- 98, 1800 (speaker 1792-94, 1797); John Wurts, 1792; David Welsh, 1783, 1784, 1786, 1797, 1800; John Debow, 1795; John Cobb, 1796; William Corwin, 1798, 1799, 1801-03; Cornelius Voorheese, 179,8, 1800; William Camp- field, 1799; Jonathan Ogden, 1802-04; Jesse Upson, 1804- 06; Lewis Condict, 1805-09 (speaker 1808, 1809); George Tucker, 1805; Nicholas Neighbour, i8o6-c8; Stephen Dod, 1807-12; Jeptha B. Munn, 1810-12, 1814; Nicholas Mandeville, 1810, 1813-15; Mahlon Dickerson, 1811-13; Leonard Neighbour, 1813, 1831; David Thompson jr., 1814-22 (speaker 1818-22); Benjamin Condit, 1815, 1816, i8ig; Ezekiel Kitchel, 1815, 1816; Samuel Halliday, 1816-18; John S. Darcy, 1817, 1818; Benjamin Mc- Curry, 1817, 1821, 1822, 1824; William Brittin, 1818, 1819-24, 1832; Silas Cook, 1819, 1820; Wil- liam Munro, 1820, 1821, 1823, 1828-30; Benja- min Smith, 1820, 1822, 1823; George K. Drake, 1823-26 (speaker 1825, 1826); John Scott, 1824; Ebenezer F. Smith, 1825; Joseph Dickerson, 1825, 1826; Ephraim Marsh, 1825- 27; John D. Jackson, 1826; David Mills, 1827; Stephen Thompson, 1827; Walter Kirkpat- rick, 1827; Joseph Jackson, 1828-30; Charles Hillard, 1828-30; John Hancock, 1828-30; Elijah Ward, 1831; Thomas Muir, 1831, 1833, 1834; James Cook, 1831, 1835; Samuel Beach, 1832; Jacob W. Miller, 1832; Joseph Smith, 1832; Joseph Dickerson jr., 1833, 1834; Henry Hillard, 1833-35; Silas Lindsley, 1833, 1834; Isaac Quimby, 1835; John D. Jackson, 1835; John A. Bleeker, 1836; William Dellicker, 1836; Alexander Dickerson, 1836; William Logan, 1836; Lewis Condict, 1837, 1838 (speaker); Silas Tuttle, 1837, 1838; Robert C. Stephens, 1837, 1838; Ezekiel B. Gaines, 1837, 1838; Abraham Brittin, 1839, 1840; Ebenezer F. Smith, 1839, 1840; Jacob Weise, 1839; Paul B. Debow, 1839, 1840; James W. Drake, 1840, 1841; Samuel B. Halsey, 1841, 1842 (speaker 1842); William Stephens, 1841, 1842; Thomas C.Willis, 1841; David T. Cooper, 1842, 1848, 1849; James Clark, 1842, 1843; John M. Losey, 1843; Samuel Willett, 1843; George Vail, 1843; Timothy Kitchel, 1845; Matthias Kitchel, 1845, 1846; Henry Seward, 1845, 1846; George H. Thompson, 1845, 1846; Calvin Howell, 1846, 1847; Richard Lewis, 1847; Charles McFarland, 1847; Samuel Hilts, 1847; Samuel Van Ness, 1848, 1849; Edward W. Whelpley, 1848, 1849 (speaker 1849); An- drew J. Smith, 1848, 1849; John L. Kanouse, 1850, 1854; Andrew B. Cobb, 2, 1850, 1854; Freeman Wood, 1850; George H. Thompson, 1850; Cornelius B. Doremus, 1851, 1852; Horace Chamberlain, 1851; Jonathan P. Bartley, 1851; Josiah Meeker, 1851; John D. Jackson, 3, 1852, 1853; Cornelius S. Dickerson, 1852, 1853; Robert Albright, 1, 1852, 1853; William P. Conkling, i, 1854, 1855; William Logan, 3, 1854, 1855; Aaron Pitney, 4, 1854, 1855; Edward Howell, 2, 1855, 1856; Wil- liam M. Muchmore, i, 1856; William A. Carr, 3, 1856, 1857; Daniel Budd, 4, 1856, 1857; Benja- min M. Felch, 1, 1857; Richard Speer, 2, 1857, 1858; Lyman A. Chandler, 3, 1858; John Naughright, 4, 1858; 1858, 1859; A. H. Stanburrough, 1, 1859; James H. Ball, 2,1859, i860; Eugene Ayers, i, i860; Nelson H. Drake, 3, 1860-62; Nathan Horton. 4, i860, 1861; William W. Beach, i, 1861; John Hill, 2, 1861, 1862, 1866 (speaker); Jacob Vanatta, 1, 1862, 1863; William J. Wood, 2, 1863; Jesse Hoffman, 3, 1863-65, Henry C. Sanders, i, 1864; John Bates, 2, 1864, 1865; Alfred M. Treadwell, 1, 1865, James C. Yawger, 1, 1866, 1867; Elias.M. White, 3, 1866; 1867; Lewis Estler, 2, 1867; Daniel Coghlan, i, 1868; George Gage, 2, 1868; Jesse M. Sharp, 3, 1868-70; Theo. W. Phoenix, i, 1869, 1870; Columbus Beach, 2, 1869, 1870; Nathaniel Niles, 1, 1871, 1872 (speaker); William B. Lefevre, 2, 1871, 1872; Aug. C. Canfield, 3, 1871-73; William H. Howell, 1, 1873, 1874; Jacob Z. Budd, 2, 1873, 1874; Elias M. Skellenger, 3, 1874-76; J. C. Youngblood, 1, 1875, 1876; Edmund D. Halsey, 2, 1875, 1876; A. C. Van Duyne, i, 1877; C. O. Cooper, 2, 1877, 1878; C. P. Garrabrant, 3, 1877, 1878; Joshua S. Salmon, 2, 1878; Charles F. Axtell, i, 1879, 1880; James H. Bruen, 2, 1879, 1880; Holloway W. Hunt, 3, 1879, 1880; William C. Johnson, 1, 1881, 1882; John F. Post^ 2, i88r, 1882; Oscar Lindsley, 3, 1881, 1882. United States Senators. — Aaron Kitchel, son of Joseph and Rachel Kitchel, born in Hanover in 1744, died June 25th 1820. For a sketch of his life see Rev. H. D. Kitchel's history of Robert Kitchel and his descendants. Mahlon Dickerson, son of Jonathan and Mary Dicker- son, born April 17th 1770, died October 4th 1853; sena- tor from March 4th 1817 to March 3d 1833. Jacob W. Miller, born in 1802, died September 30th 1862; senator from March 4th 1841 to March 4th 1853. Theodore F. Randolph, born in New Brunswick, June 24th 1826; senator from March 4th 1871; to March ^d 1881. ^ Congressmen. — Silas Condict, 1781-84; born March 7tb 1738, died September 18th 1801. Aaron Kitchel, 1791-93, 1794-97. 1799-1801; also- United States senator. Lewis Condict, 1811-17, 1821-33; speaker of the House; born March 1773, died May 26th 1862. Bernard Smith, son of Bernard Smith, of Rockaway,. 1819-21; died at Little Rock, Ark., July i6th 1835, aged 59- George Vail, born in 1803, died May 23d 1875; repre- sentative 1853-57 (33d and 34th Congresses). George T. Cobb, born October 13th 1813, killed by a railroad accident near White Sulphur Springs Va. August 6th 1870; representative 1861-63 (37th Congress)' Augustus W. Cutler, born 1829; representative 1875- 79 (44th and 45th Congresses). John Hill, born 1821; representative 1867-73, 1881-85 (40th, 41st, 42nd and 47th Congresses). MILITIA OFFICERS. The militia of Morris county after the Revolutionary MILITIA OFFICERS AFTER THE REVOLUTION. 79 war was organized in four regiments of infantry, each commanded by one lieutenant colonel and two majors, to form one brigade, to be commanded by a brigadier general; and one squadron of cavalry to form, with a squadron from Essex county, one regiment, to be com- manded by a lieutenant colonel. June 5th 1793 the field officers of these regiments were all appointed in joint meeting — some of the appointments being no doubt re- appointments. In 1799 the militia act seems to have been revised, but the same number of field officers were retained. The following is a roster* of the militia as far as can be ascertained. Immediately following the name is the date of commission; "res." stands for resigned and " prom." for promoted. Brigadier Generals. — John Doughty, res. Oct. 30 1800. Pruden Ailing, Nov. 13 1800; res. 1806. Benjamin Lud- low, Mch. 12 1806; prom. maj. gen. 2nd div. Nov. 25 i8og. John Darcy, Nov. 25 1809; res. Feb. 17 1815. Solomon Doughty, Feb. 17 1815. John Smith, Feb. 13 1818; res. Dec. 9 1823. John S. Darcy, Dec. 9 1823. Cornelius W. Mandeville, Jan. 24 1834. FIRST OR MIDDLE REGIMENT. Colonels. — Charles T. Day, Oct. 31 1833. Jabez Beers, Mch. 10 1836. Lieutenant Colonels. — Jacob Arnold, June 5 1793; res. Oct. 31 1806. Nehemiah Losey, Nov. 25 1806; res. Nov. 2 1809. Silas Axtell, Nov. 25 1809; res. Feb. 17 1815. Solomon Boyle, Feb. 17 1815; res. Feb. ri 1818. Wil- liam Brittin, Feb. 13 1818; res. Mch. i 1828. Stephen D. Hunting, Mch. i 1828; res. Nov. 8 1828. James W. Drake, Feb. 20 1828. Majors 1st Battalion. — Benjamin Ludlow, June 5 1763; promoted Mch. 12 1806. David Lindsley, Mch. 12 1806; res. Nov. 2, 1809. Solomon Boyle, Nov. 25, 1809; prom. Feb. 17 1815. William Brittin, Feb. 17, 1809; prom. Feb. 13, 1818. Halsey Miller, Feb. 17 1819; res. Mch. i 1820. Charles Freeman, Mch. i 1820. Stephen D. Hunting, Dec. 20 1824; prom. Mch. i 1828. John S. Budd, Mch. i 1828; res. Feb. 20 1829. Wil- liam W. Clark, Feb. 20 1829. William R. Bradley, Mch. 4 1835. Benj. R.Robinson. Mch. 10 1836. Majors 2nd Battalion. — John Kinney, June 5 1793; res. 1804. Nehemiah Losey, Nov. 29 1804; prom. Nov. 25 1806. Silas Axtell, Nov. 25 1806; prom. Nov. 25 1809. Grover Youngs, Nov. 25 1809; res. Feb. 6 1817. Samuel Halliday, Feb. 6 1817; res. Nov. 21 1820. Lewis Loree, Nov. 21 1820; res. Nov. 23 1822. Silas Miller, Nov. 23 1822; res. Oct. 26 1827. James W. Drake, Oct. 26 1827; prom. Feb. 20 1828. Daniel C. Martin, Feb. 20 1829; prom. Feb. 27 1830 to cavalry regiment. Wil- liam Tuttle jr., Feb. 27 1830. Samuel L. Axtell, Oct. 31 1834. Philip Riley, Mch. 10 1836. SECOND, UPPER OR WESTERN REGIMENT. Colonels.— V)z.v\& W. Miller, Feb. 28 1838; res. Mch. 12 1839. Henry Halsey, Mch. 12 1839. Lieutenant-Colonels.— ]d^r\ Stark; res. May 23 1782. Nathan Luse, June 21 1782. Amos Stark, June 5 1793. James Cook, res. Nov. 2 1809. John Budd, Nov. 25 * The author acknowledges valuable services rendered in compiling these lists by James S. MoDanolds, State librarian; Adjutant General WUliam S. Stryker, Assistant Adjutant General James D. Kiger, and Hon. Henry C. Kelsey, secretary of State. 1809; res. Nov. 2 1811. John Smith, Nov. 2 i8ii;prom. Feb. 13 1818. Benjamin McCoury, Feb. 13 1818; res. Nov. 23 1822. Nathan Horton jr., Nov. 23 1822; res. Oct. 28 1825. Hugh Bartley, Dec. 27 1825; res. Feb. 26 1830. Charles Hilliard, Feb. 27 1830. Majors xst Battalion. — David Welsh, June 5 1793; res. Oct. 25 1793. David Miller, Feb. ig 1794; res. Oct. 30 1799. Leonard Neighbour, Oct. 30 1799; res. Nov. 2 1809. Benjamin McCoury, Nov. 25 1809; prom. Feb. 13 r8i8. Nathaniel Horton, Feb. 13 1818; prom. Nov. 23 1822. Elijah Horton, Dec. 9 1823; res. Mch. i 1828. Henry Kennedy, Mch. i 1828. Majors 2nd Battalion. — James Cook, June 5 1793. John Smith, Nov. 25 1809; prom. Nov. 2 181 1. Cad- wallader Smith, Nov. 2 1811; res. Mch. i 1820. Joseph Budd, Mch. I 1820; res. Dec. 9 1823. Hugh Bartley, Dec. 9 1823; prom. Dec. 27 1825. Charles Hilliard, Dec. 27 1825; prom. Feb. 27 1830. Thomas Landon, Feb. 27 1830; res. Feb. 15 1831. Arthur Valentine, res. Mch. 4 1833. John Caskey, Mch. 4 1835. THIRD OR NORTHERN REGIMENT. Lieutenant- Colonels. — Chilion Ford, June 5 1793; died. Kbenezer H. Pierson, Feb. 26 1801; res. Nov. i 1804. Joseph Jackson, Nov. 29 1804; res. Feb. 6 1817. John Scott, Feb. 6 1817; res. Nov. 15 1820. Samuel S. Beach, Nov. 15 1820; res. Dec. 9 1823. John H. Stanburrough, Dec. 9 1813; res. Oct. 28 1825. John C. Doughty, Dec. 7 1825; res. Nov. 8 1828. Thomas Muir, Nov. 8 1828. Thomas Coe, Mch. 4 1835. Nathaniel Mott, Feb. 28 1838. Majors ist Battalion. — Samuel Minthorn, June 5 1793; Benjamin Jackson, Nov. 23 1795; res. Joseph Jackson, Feb. 26 1801; prom. Nov. 29 1804. William Lee, Mch. 12 1806; res. Feb. 19 1813. John Hinchman, Feb. 19 1813. Samuel S. Beach, Feb. 6 1817; prom. Nov. 15 1820. John P. Cook, Nov. 15 1820. Frederick De Mouth, Dec. 7 1825; res. Nov. 6 1829. Joseph Hinch- man, Feb. 27 1830. Peter Coe, Feb. 15 1831. Majors 2nd Battalion. — Cornelius Hoagland, June 5 1793; removed. Joshua Jennings; Feb. 26 1801; res. Nov. 3 1803. Joseph Hurd, Nov. 3 1803. Joseph Hop- ping, Feb. 9 1814. John Lewis, res. Oct. 31 1816. Mo- ses Hopper, res. Nov. 15 1820. John H. Stanburrough, Nov. 15 1820; prom. Dec. 9 1823. John C. Doughty, Dec. 9 1823; prom. Dec. 7 1825. Thomas Muir, Dec. 7 1825; prom. Nov. 8 1828. William Minton, Jan. 30 1829; res. Mch. 4 1835. Rober: Muir, Feb. 27 1840. FOURTH OR LOWER REGIMENT. Lieutenant-Colonels. — Pruden Ailing, June 5 1793; prom. Nov. 13 1800. Hiram Smith, Nov. 13 1800; res. Feb. 26 1801. John Darcy, Feb. 26 1801; prom. Nov. 25 1809. Lemuel Cobb, Nov. 25 1809; res. Feb. 17 1815. John S. Darcy, Feb. 17 1815; prom. Dec. 9 1823. Eze- kiel B. Gaines, Dec. 9 1823; res. Dec. 20 1824.. James Quiraby, Dec. 20 1824. Cornelius W. Mandeville, Mch. 1 1828; Francis Nafee, Feb. 26 1834. Samuel Demo- rest, Feb. 28 1838. Majors 1st Battalion. — Hiram Smith, June 5 1793; prom. Nov. 13 1800. Lemuel Cobb, Feb. 26 tSoo; prom. Nov. 25 1809. Wm. A. Mandeville, Feb. 19 i8ri. Ezekiel B. Gaines, Mch. i 1820; prom. Dec. 9 1823. Cornelius' W. Mandeville, Dec. 9 1823; prom. Mch. i 1828. Francis Neafer (or Nafee), Mch. i 1828; prom. Feb. 26 1834. Samuel F. Righter, Feb. 28 1838. Majors 2nd Battalion. — Evert Van Gilder, June 5 1793; res. Feb. 26 1801. Luke Miller, Feb. 26, 1801; res. Oct. 30 1805. Daniel Farrand, Mch. 12 1806; res. Feb. 10 1816. Josiah Winds, Feb. 6 1817. James Quimby, 12 8o HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Nov. 23 1821; prom. Dec. 20 1824. Stephen Young, Dec. 7 1825; res. Feb. 15 1831. David F. Halsey, Feb. 28 1838. MORRIS CAVALRY. Lieutenant-Colonels. — Morris and Sussex: Abram Kin- ney. Abraham Shaver, Nov. 24 1801; res. Oct. 31 1806. William Campfield, Dec. 2 1807. Colonels ^ih New Jersey Cavalry. — Joseph Cutler, Feb. 13 1818; prom, general of cavalry Feb. 23 1843. Nathan A. Cooper, Feb. 23 1843; pi'om. Daniel Budd, Sept. 8 1857- . Majors of Squadron. — William Campfield, Oct. 30 1799; prom. Dec. 2 1807. Isaac Campfield, Dec. 2 1807; res. Feb. 3 1811. David Mills, Feb. 3 1811; res. Feb. 11 1818. William W. Miller, Nov. 23 1822. Timothy Con- diet, Dec. 9 1823. Daniel C. Martin, Feb. 27th 1830; res. Jan. 24 1834. Nathan A. Cooper, Jan. 24 1834; prom. Feb. 23 1843. Daniel Budd jr., Nov. 10 1843; prom. Sept. 8 1857. At the breaking out of the civil war there was a re- vival of the militia system, and the following appoint- ments were made in what was called the First regiment: George D.Brewster, lieutenant-colonel, Aug. 2 i86i;res. Richard M. Stites, major May 18 1863; colonel Mch. 2 1862; res. Joseph B. De Camara, lieutenant-colonel April 12 1862; res. John R. Runyon, major Apr. 12 1862; lieutenant-colonel Sept. 25 1862. James M. Brown, colonel May 18 1863; res. Edwin Bishop, col- onel Aug. 29 1863. CHAPTER XIV. OPENING OF THE CIVIL WAR — FIRST VOLUNTEERS — LADIES AID SOCIETIES. r^J-'SN the war of the Rebellion Morris county con tributed her full share. When Sumter was fired upon there were but three uniformed militia companies in the county — the Na- tional Guards of Boonton, Captain Edwin K. Bishop; the Morris Greys, Captain William Dun- can, and the Ringgold Artillery, Captain Richard M. Stites. The militia system had fallen into disuse, and the parade of one of these companies was a novelty. On Monday evening, April 22nd 1861, three days after the Baltimore riot, a mass meeting was held in Washing- ton Hall, Morristown, at which Hon. George T. Cobb presided. Speeches were made by Hon. Jacob W. Miller, Jacob Vanatta, Theodore Little, Rev. G. D. Brew- erton and Colonel Samuel F. Headley. Patriotic res- olutions of the most decided character were proposed and unanimously carried. Unqualified support was promised to the administration, and a committee consist- ing of AVilliam C. Baker, Dr. Ebenezer B. Woodruff and Jacob Vanatta was appointed to receive contributions of money to aid in equipping volunteers and providing for their families. Over $2,600 was subscribed on the spot. This meeting was the first of many held throughout the county. In every village mass meetings were held and flags were raised. A flag was raised upon Morris green May 31st 1861, when the companies of Captains Bishop, Duncan and Stites paraded together. They soon after disbanded. Many of the men had become impatient, and in squads had enlisted in companies which were going to the front. Captain Bishop with part of his company went from Newark with Company H of the 2nd New Jersey. For some reason no sufficient effort was made to raise a company within the county, and its young men enlisted as volunteers in companies organizing in Newton, Plain- field, Newark and New York. On Tuesday, May 21st, Captain Ryerson's Company B, from the 2nd New Jersey volunteers, passed through Morristown on its way from Newton to Trenton. In it and in Company I 3d New Jersey volunteers there vi'ere 32 Morris county men. Others had gone in Companies D of the 3d New Jersey, H of the 2nd New Jersey, the Excelsior brigade of New York, etc. The following partial list is taken from the papers of that time: Company B 2nd N. J. — F. D. Sturtevant, Joseph G. Sturges, Charles H. Carroll, Silas R. Roff, Charles H. Stephens, James Armstrong, John W. Armstrong, Thomas F. Anderson, George McKee (wounded in July 1862), Isaac I. Tompkins, Albert W. Thompson (died), Edward Snow, David Hart. Company H 2nd N. J. — Emery A. Wheeler, Daniel W. Tunis, John S. Sutton, Theodore A. Baldwin, Daniel Bowditch. Company D ^d N. J. — John H. Smith, George Blanch- ard, W. Scott McGowan, Anthony Perrv, Elijah Sharp, W. H. Cole (killed September 7 1861), Sergeant William S. Earles (afterward in the 15th N. J.). There had also gone to other companies or regiments: W. H. Alexander, W. Beers and Lewis B. Baldwin, Company K 2nd N. J.; W. H. Willis, Company I 3d N. J.; Mahlon M. Stage and Noah C. Haggerty, Company G ist N. J.; Isaac King, James M. Stone, John Ford jr., Daniel Guard, David Johnson, William Hedden, James Dolan, Edward Totten, Hampton Babbitt, James Quim- by, William Valentine; Excelsior brigade — John Starr Jabez Wingate, Peter H. Flick, W. H. Stickle, Charles H. Till, D. M. Farrand, Andrew Hand, Augustus C. Stickle (afterward adjutant 3d N. J. cavalry). Sergeant Sylvester L. Lynn, Co. C 8th N. J.; died Dec. 15 '64 of wounds received Nov. 5 '64. A Soldiers' Aid Society was organized by the ladies of Morristown, of which Mrs. Nelson Wood was president, Mrs. Sherman Broadwell vice-president, Mrs. Vancleve Dalrymple treasurer, and Miss Robinson secretary. The society throughout the war labored incessantly in making clothing etc. for the soldiers and raising money and com- forts for the sick in hospital. Similar societies, and al- most if not quite as efficient, were organized in all the other principal towns in the county. May 2nd 186 1 a home guard was raised at Morristown, consisting of some of the principal citizens, many of them exempt from military service. July nth 1861 a number of youth organized them- selves into a company called the Ellsworth Light Infantry and chose the following officers: Captain, Rev. G. Doug. FIRST UNION SOLDIERS. las Brewerton; ist lieutenant, Robert S. Turner; 2nd lieutenant, John R. McCauley (afterward of the i^th N. J.). Among officers from Morris county during the Rebel- lion whose records do not appear in the rolls below were Lindley H. Miller, major 46th infantry U. S. C. T.; S. G. I. De Camp, major and surgeon, retired from active service August 27th 1862; General Ranald S. Mackenzie, regular army, and Lieutenant Commander Henry W, Miller, U. S. navy; Alexander S. Mackenzie, lieutenant U. S. N.; Captain (afterward Commodore) John De Camp, U. S. N.; Captain W. L. Gamble, U. S. N.; Major Thomas T. Gamble, U. S. Vols. There were also many enlisted men scattered among organizations of which no account is here given. Admirals C. R. P. Rodgers and William Radford, U. S. N. were residents of Morris county previous to the war. CHAPTER XV. COMPANY K 7TH N. J. — CAPTAIN SOUTHARD S ENGIN- EERS — CAPTAIN DUNCAN'S COMPANY. N July 24th 186 1 the President made his sec- ond call for three-years men, and the quota allotted to this State was four regiments. Under this ■ call Captain James M. Brown raised Company K of the 7th N. J., the first distinctively Morris county company. In the first week 64 men were enlisted, and the company soon had its full complement. The first colonel of the 7th was Joseph W. Revere; he was promoted brigadier general October 2Sth 1862, and was succeeded as colonel by Lewis R. Francine, and the latter in July 1863 by Francis Price jr., Colonel Francine having been killed at Gettysburg, where Colonel Price was severely wounded. The latter was brevetted brigadier-general. Timothy D. Burroughs, sergeant in Company D, was commissioned quartermaster sergeant September 6th 1864. The men were first together as a company at the First Presbyterian Church, Morristown, on the evening of October ist, when Captain James M. Brown was pre- sented with sword, sash and pistol, by Alfred Mills, Esq.; and Rev. David Irving presented each member with a copy of the New Testament and Psalms, in behalf of the Morris County Bible Society. The church was filled with the largest audience ever compressed within its walls, while hundreds left the doors of the building, unable to obtain standing room. The next morning the company started for Trenton, being escorted to the depot by Fairchild's drum corps and by No. 3 Fire Engine Company. A large assemblage was gathered to see the company off. It was mustered at Trenton the next day and left the same evening for Washington. There the 7th lay encamped at Meridian Hill till December 1861, when it joined General Hooker's force near Budd's Ferry, Md., and was assigned to the 3d brigade of his division. The winter was spent in drilling and watching the enemy on the opposite side of the Potomac, with the monotony broken by frequent artillery duels. April 5th Hooker's division broke camp and took transports to the peninsula. April 23d found this brigade throwing up earthworks under fire of the enemy's artillery at York- town. May 5th the company fought at Williamsburg, in a drenching rain, where the men stood their ground after their ammunition was used up, taking more from the dead and wounded. They were under fire five hours without getting relieved. Captain Brown was very severely wounded; Corporal Joseph S. Watkins was mortally wounded, dying May 31st following. Several others were wounded. In the Excelsior brigade Jabez C. Wingate, Peter H. Flick and W. H. Stickle were killed, and four other Morris county men wounded. The company took part in the battle of Fair Oaks and the Seven Days' fight. After lying at Harrison's Landing until August isth the division retraced its steps to Yorktown and took transports, arriving at Alexandria August 24th. August 26th the 7th went by rail to War- renton Junction. Hooker's division marched the next morning down the Orange and Alexandria railroad to Bristow Station, attacked Ewell's division of Jackson's command, drove him toward Bull Run and captured his baggage. August 29th and 30th the 7th took part in the second battle of Bull Run, and September ist in the battle of Chantilly, where General Phil. Kearney was killed. After this the company did guard duty along the Orange and Alexandria railroad until November 28th, when it started for Falmouth, reaching that place some two weeks before the battle of Fredericksburg, and taking part in it. At Chancellorsville, May 5th 1863, the 7th regiment captured five colors and three hundred prisoners from the enemy. The flags were taken from the 1st Louisiana, 2 ist Virginia, 2nd and i8th North Carolina and an Alabama regiment. The 2nd North Carolina regiment was captured almost entire. The next move for Company K was the long march to Gettysburg, and on July 2nd the regiment, supported a battery near the peach orchard, when the enemy charged on the 3d corps, of which the 7th was a part. Company K lost 15 men wounded (three mortally), and two taken prisoners, on the first day of the battle. The captain and both lieutenants were wounded. With a second ser- geant in command the company was in the fight of the next day. The next engagement in which the 7th took part was at Manassas Gap, Virginia, and after that it was engaged at McLean's Ford in the Bull Run River, with some mounted infantry. Next came the battle of Mine Run, and then winter quarters at Brandy Station. The New Jersey brigade was now in the 2nd army corps. May 4th 1864 the troops broke camp, and on May 5lh, 6th and 7th we find Company K fighting in the Wilder- History of morris county. ness, a densely wooded tract of table-land stretching from the Rapidan almost to Spottsylvania Court-house. May 8th the regiment moved to a spot near Todd's Tavern, where it remained until the loth, when (our army having cleared the Wilderness and concentrated around Spottsylvania Court-house) it took a position on the right. On the nth the company was under heavy fire, and at dawn of the 12th of May the 2nd corps charged the enemy, capturing 30 cannon and Johnson's rebel division. In this battle — the severest of the war — the 7th New Jersey met with severe loss in officers and men. The regiment aided in hauling off the captured guns, and Captain Crane, of Company C, of Morris county, with a squad of his men, succeeded in manning one of the captured guns and training it on the enemy. For hours the fight raged with unexampled fury, and it was not until mid- night that General Lee left the victors in possession of the works captured. On the 15th the brigade was called upon to repel an attack on our pickets, and met with some loss. May i6th, at North Anna River, the company was again under fire, a division of Longstreet's corps having possession of both sides of Chesterfield bridge. On May 26th the regiment took part in the flank move- ment toward Richmond, skirmishing along the Tolopoto- my and reaching Cold Harbor, where, on June 3d, it participated in the assault upon the enemy's main line. On the 7th of June the brigade was entrenched at Baker's Mills, and from this point it moved swiftly to the James, crossed the river June 14th, and arrived before Peters- burg the following day, supporting Smith's corps of Butler's army. On the 16th General Grant delivered an assault with all his forces. The fight was desperate, and the loss to the 7th N. J. was very severe. On the i8th General Grant ordered another assault, when the enemy's lines were pushed back three quarters of a mile. Later in the day the brigade charged again in front of the Hare House, but was swept back by a withering fire, leav- ing its dead and wounded between tlie two lines. Hun- dreds of the wounded died in sight and hearing of their comrades, crying out for help and for water; they could not be reached, the enemy refusing a flag of truce. June 23d, General Grant having determined to turn the enemy's right, the corps advanced through a wooded country, and, as it failed to make connection with the 6th corps, the enemy got in the rear, capturing eight prisoners from Company K. The corps fell back and established a line a little further to the rear. The brig- ade remained in the trenches until July 12th. On the 26th it crossed the James to Deep Bottom, where the corps attacked the enemy and captured four cannon. It then quietly returned to Petersburg, and held the front line of works when the mine was exploded, July 30th. August 1 2th the corps moved again to Deep Bottom, with more or less skirmishing and fighting. This was a feint to try to make the rebel authorities recall their troops from before Washington. August i8th the New Jersey 7th, with the rest of the corps, returned to the entrenchments. August 2Sth the regiment was moved to Ream's Sta- tion to help the remainder of the corps, which was en- gaged there. The next affair in which the 7th took part was the advance of the picket lines about i o'clock a. m. of September loth. The picket duty was dangerous here. The regiment when not on picket was quartered in Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem plank road, but even there stray balls would come into the tents at night, wound- ing men oftentimes while sleeping. October 7th Lieutenant Gaines and the old members of Company K — about eight in number — who did not re- enlist, were mustered out of service at Trenton, and, honorably discharged, returned to their homes. With Colonel Price still commanding, the regiment took part in the battle of Hatcher's Run, and in the last campaign, culminating in the surrender of General Lee, April gth 1865. During the war this company took part in the follow- ing engagements, all in Virginia excepting Gettysburg: Siege of Yorktown, April and May 1862; Williams- burg, May 5th 1862; Fair Oaks, June ist and 2nd 1862; Seven Pines, June 25th 1862; Savage Station, June 29th 1862; Glendale, June 3olh 1862; Malvern Hill, July ist and August 5th 1862; Bristow Station, August 27th 1862; Bull Run (second), August 29th and 30th 1862; Chantilly, September ist 1862; Centreville, September 2nd 1862; Fredericksburg, December 13th and 14th 1862; Chancellorsville, May 3d and 4th 1863; Gettys- burg, July 2nd and 3d 1863; Wapping Heights, July 24th 1863; McLean's Ford, October 15th 1863; Mine Run, November 29th and 30th and December ist 1863; Wil- derness, May 5th-7th 1864; Spottsylvania, May 8th-i8th 1864; North Anna River, May 23d and 24th 1864; To- lopotomy Creek, May 30th and 31st 1864; Cold Harbor, June ist-5th 1864; Before Petersburg, June i6th-23d and July 30th 1864; Deep Bottom, July 26th and 27th 1864; North Bank of James River, August isth-i8th 1864; Fort Sedgwick, September loth 1864; Poplar Spring Church, October 2nd 1864; Boydton Plank Road (capture of Petersburg), April 2nd 1865; Amelia Springs, April 6th 1865; Farmville, April 6th and 7th 1865; Ap- pomattox, April 9th 1865. COMPANY K.* OFFICERS. In the following record of the officers of Company K the first date given is that of commission or enrollment. If another immediately follows it is the date of muster. Where but one is given the two date were the same. The period for which the officer entered the service was three years, when not otherwise mentioned. Cfl/to«.f.— James M. Brown, Oct. 3 '61; wounded at Williamsburg and Fredericksburg; prom, major icth reg. July 21 '62. William R. Hillyer, July 21 '62 Jan 13 '63; appointed ist lieut. Oct. 3 '61; dis. Sept. 9 '64 for wounds. Sylvester W. Nafew, Mar. 28 '65, Apr 20 '6<- m. o. July 17 '65. i' 3' First Lieutenants.— Michatl Mullery, July 21 '62 Jan 13 '63; appointed 2nd lieut. Oct. 3 '61; captain Company 1 July 24 63; wounded at Gettysburg; killed at Peters- * In all these lists the following abbreviations are used, besides tho=e which will be recognized as denoting the different ranks and arms of the service: pro., promoted; v.r. c, veteran reserve corps; die, dis- charged ; m. o., mustered out ; dr., drafted : tr., transferred. COMPANY K SEVENTH N. J. VOLUNTEERS. burg. Stanley Gaines, Aug. i '63, Mar. 31 '64; ap- appointed ist sergt. Sept. 15 '6j; 2nd lieut. July 21 '62; wounded at Gettysburg; m. o. Oct. 7 '64. Henry W. Baldwin, Apr. 29 '65, May 19th '65; m. o. July 22 '65. Second Lieutenants. — Ellis T. Armstrong, Dec. 21 '63, Mar. 31 '64; appointed sergt. Sept. 15 '61; ist sergt. July 21 '62; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64; dis. Aug. 17 '64 for wounds. George H. Millen, Mar. 28 '65, Apr. 14 '65; m. o. July 17 '65. First Sergeants. — Napoleon B. Post, Aug. 22 '61; m.o. July 22 '65. Sergeants. — Merritt Bruen, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; pro. Q. M. sergt. Nov. 22 '61; quartermaster June 27 '64; died at Petersburg. Ira W. Corey, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; pro. capt. Co. H nth reg. Aug. 15 '62. Samuel R. Connett, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; pro. 2nd lieut. Co. C TSth reg. Aug. 12 '62; wounded at Williamsburg. Stephen H. Bruen, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61 ;• pro. com. sergt. Sept. i '62; quartermaster Aug. 26 '64. Timothy D. Burroughs, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64; pro. Q. M. sergt. Sept. 6 '64. Con- rad F. Smith, Mar. 2 '65, i year; m. o. July 17 '65. Julius B. Bartlett, Mar. 2 '65, i year; m. o. July 10 '65. Eugene Pollard, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; appointed cnrp. Aug. 4 '62; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64; prom. com. sergt. Oct. 2 '64; wounded at Gettysburg and Chesterfield Bridge. Corporals. — Calvin T. Stickle, Mar. 4 '65, i year; tn. o. July 17 '65. John P. Smith, Mar. 2 '65, i year; m. o. July 17 '65. Peter Fisher, Mar. 2 '65, i year; m. o. July 17 '65. Patrick Cavanaugh, Mar. i '65, i year; m. o. July 17 '65. James E. Babbitt. JDischarged. — (These, as also those transferred and deceased, were all three-years men, and were commis- sioned or enrolled Sept. 15, and mustered Oct. 2, 1861.) Sergt. Joseph D. Marsh jr.; dis. Oct. 13 '62, for dis- ability. Corporals: George Kingsland; dis. Mar. 24 '63, for disability. Theodore W. Bruen; dis. Jan. 12 '63, for disability. John J. Gruber; dis. Feb. 5 '63, to join regular army; appointed corp. Aug. 4 '62. Musician James M. Woodruff; dis. Nov. 30 '61, for disability. Wagoner Charles B. Trelease; dis. June 15 '62, for dis- ability. Transferred. — Sergeants: William McKee; to v. r. c, Sept. 30 'dy, dis. therefrom Oct. i '64; wounded at Chancellorsville. Joseph Ward; to Co. C, Oct. i '64; re-enlisted Jan. 2 '64. Edwin Hall; to Co. C; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Sylvester L. Lynn; to Co. C; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64;' killed before Petersburg. George H. Millen; to Co. C; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Cor- porals: Theodore P. Bayles; to v. r. c, Sept. 30 '63; dis. therefrom Nov. 24 '65. George W. Derrickson; to v. r. c, Sept. 30 '63; re-enlisted Sept. 3 '64; dis. as sergt. July 6 '65. B. W. Dempsey; to Co. C, Oct. i '64; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64; prisoner at Andersonville. John L. Denton; to v. r. c, Mar. 31 '64; dis. Oct. 3 '64; wounded at Gettysburg. Abel Gruber; to Co. C; wounded at Gettysburg; captured before Gettysburg; confined at Andersonville. Musician A. L. D. Miller; to 5th reg. band. ZlzVi/.— Corporals : Joseph S. Watkins; at Fortress Monroe, Va., May 31 '62, of wounds. Andrew C. Halsey; at Washington, June 20 '64, of wounds; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64; appointed corp. Feb. 6 '64. Joseph O. Spencer; killed before Petersburg, Va., June 16 '64; appointed corp. Mar. i '()z; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Mu- .sician George W. Cranraer; at Budd's Ferry, Md., June 24 '62, of typhoid fever. PRIVATES. In the following list the figure following the name indi- cates the number of years for which the man enlisted. Where not otherwise noted those who enlisted for three years were enrolled Sept. 15th and mustered in Oct. 2nd 1861 and mustered out Oct. 7th 1864; and those who enlisted for one year were enrolled and mustered in the first week of March 1865 and mustered out July 17th 1865. Henry Angleman. Andrew Anderson, i; m. o, June 13 '65. Leo Bachtold, i. J. C. Ballentine, 3; pro. com. sergt. Nov. i '62. William Bassell, i. Henry Baum, i. William W. Brant, 3. Austin Brown, i. John N. and T. W. Bruen, 3. Stephen A. Cannon, 3. Joseph Carmon. David Cargill, i; m. o. July 14 '65. Waldemar Chris- tianson, i. John Cronin, i. George Curtis, musician, i. Christian Doublin, i. W. H. Dutcher. Hey ward G. Emmel, 3; wounded at Chancellorsville. Henry Feeder, i; m. o. July 22 '65. Charles Fischer, i. George Flandrow, i. Augustus I. FoUiot. John Gamble, i. Abraham Garrabrant, i. Christopher Gerhardt, i. Emile Grell, I. Edward Gross, i. Jacob Haider, i. John H. Haley, 3. William Harrison, i. Samuel Hess, i. Lewis Herman, i; enrolled and mustered in Aug. 29 '64; m. o. June 30 '65. George Hiller, i. Wesley D. Hopping. Daniel Jackson, 3. Jacob James, i; enrolled and mustered in Feb. 28 '65. Jacob John, i; m. o. Aug. 11 '65. John G. Kaut, i. Peter B. Kelly. Christopher Killian, i. William Killian, i. Jacob Koch, I. John Lay, i. William Lehman, i; m. o. Aug. 30 '65. James Lord, i. Andrew Mack, i. John McCasey, i. Lewis H. McClintock, i. Frederick Miller, i. J. L. Miller. John Murphy, i. Thomas R. Murray, x. John Narin, i. Charles W. Nelson, mu- sician, I. Loren Nichols, i. Calvin Nix, 3; wounded at Williamsburg. George Norton, i; m. o. June 5 '65. Joseph Parker, i. John Partenfielder, i. August Par- tushcky, I. Adolph Pineus, i. Francis A. Pollard, 3; appointed sergt. Sept. 13 '61; deserted Jan. 30 '63; re- turned Mar. 20; private Feb. i '63. Henry Roberts, i. Hugh P. Roden, musician, 3. Samuel Rushton, i. John Rutan, 3. August Sauer, i. Matthias Schmidt, i. George Schnabel, i. Frederick Schroder, i. Daniel Settler, i. Charles Smith, i. Gilbert Smith, i; enrolled and mustered in Feb. 28 '65. James Smith, i. William T. Spencer, 3; prom, sergt. maj. Nov. 5 '63. David Thompson, i. John Thompson, i. Headly Thompson; captured before Petersburg. William Till, 3. Charles Tucker, 3. John Wander, i; enrolled and mustered in Feb. 27 '65. Mark White, i. Joseph Ward; captured at Gettysburg. Henry Wilson, i; enrolled and mus- tered in Feb. 25 '65 for 2 years; m. o. May 31 '65. John Wolf, I. George Yetter, i; enrolled and mustered in Feb. 28 '65; m. o. June 5 '65. Discharged. — (These were all three-years men, and most of them were enrolled Sept. 15 and mustered in Oct. 2 '61; any other date of enrollment or muster is given after the name. The cause of discharge if not otherwise stated was disability). Isaac N. Abrams; dis. May 20 '62. Isaac J. Archer, Feb. 8 '62; dis. Oct. 9 '62. Nicholas Atkins; dis. June 9 '62. Charles Conklin; dis. Aug. 18 '62. William Cook, Aug. 19 '62; dis. Feb. 9*63. Alexander Davenport; dis. June g '62. George Dunster. Andrew W. Gary; dis. Nov. 5 '62. Orlando K. Guerin; dis. Oct. 13 '62. George Hedden; dis. June 13 '62. John Hunton, Apr. 12 '64; dis. May 28 '64. Charles Johnson; dis. Mar. 4 '63; wounded at Bristow Station. Hiram Kayhart; dis. June 13 '62. John F. Kent; dis. June 25 '62. John Knapp ; dis. June 13 '62. Thomas Lynch; dis. Nov. 5 '62, from wounds received at Williamsburg, Va. James L. Marsh; dis. June 9 '62. Aaron Parsons; dis. Dec. 29 '62; wounded at Williamsburg. Theodore Searing, Aug. 18 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. '62; dis. Nov. 20 '63; wounded at Gettysburg. Thomas Seeley, Feb. 22 '64; dis. Apr. 2 '64. Henry Smith; dis. Nov. 30 '61. John C. Smith; dis. Sept. 2 '62; prom, lieut. 33d N. J. Alonzo Tompkins; dis. Feb. 5 '63, to join regular army. Anthony Van Order; dis. June 23 '62. John H. Webb, Feb. 3 '64; dis. Apr. 2 '64. James Wright; dis. Dec. 12 '61. Transferred. — (The date immediately following the name in this list is that of enrollment; the second date, if any, is that of muster in; where but one is given they were the same. The figure following the date indicates the number of years for which the man enlisted. In most cases the transfer was to Co. C, Oct. i '64, and that will be understood to be the case where not otherwise stated). Lemuel Adams, Feb. 17 '62, 3. George F. Bayles, Dec. 11 '61, 3; to v. r. c; dis. Dec. 12 '64; wounded. Gilbert D. Blanchard, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; died at Andersonville. Loran L. Bodeli, Aug. 19 '63, Aug. 20 '63, 3; to V. r. c, Jan. 15 '64; cjis. as corp. July 25 '65. Elijah D. Bruen, Jan. 23 '62, 3; to Co. C, Oct. I '64; re-enlisted Feb. 14 '64; died at Ander- sonville. Nathan Buell, Oct. 7 '63, Oct. 8 '63, 3. Orson T. Crane, June 15 '64, 3; to Co. C. John Cusick, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Charles H. Davis, Aug. 18 '62, Aug. 19 '62, 3. Augustus De Forrest, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Aaron S. Degroot, Jan. 28 '64, 3; wounded near Cold Harbor. James Dona- hue, Feb. 3 '64, 3. Joseph J. Dunn, Jan. 28 '64, 3. Matthias Everson, Jan. 28 '64, 3. John Farrell, Dec. 29 '63, Dec. 30 '63, 3. Abraham K. Ferris, Sept. 15 '5i, Oct. 2 '61, 3; to v. r. c. Mar. 31 '64; re-enlisted May 6 '64; dis. Oct. 27 '66; appointed corp. Sept. 15 '61; private Nov. I '63. William J. Flanagan, Dec. 30 '63, Dec. 31 '63, 3. Arthur Ford, Feb. 3 '64, 3; died at Andersonville. Daniel Frazier, Dec. 28 '63, 3. James Haley, Feb. 5 '64, ]''eb. 6 '64, 3. Stephen D. Hall, Jan. 21 '64, 3. Daniel Hand, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '6r, 3; re-enlisted -Mar. 10*64; wounded before Petersburg. James Hart, Sept. 3 '64, I. Ansemas Helbert, Jan. 23 '64, Jan. 26 '64, 3. Theo- dore Jacobus, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. '61, 3; to v. r. c; dis. Oct. 5 '64. Peter M. Kane, Oct. 6 '62, 3; wounded at Gettysburg and Spottsylvania. Farrand S. Kitchel, Jan. 4 '64, 3. John Landigan, Feb. i '64, 3. William E. Loper, Feb. 8 '64, 3. John L. Loree, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64. William Loughran, Mar.i6 '65,1; to Co. A. George T. Lynch, Dec. 30 '63, 3; to Co. B. Thomas Mack, Apr. 8 '65, 3; to Co. B.' James Maher, Apr. 8 '65, i; to Co. G. James McKenzie, Mar. i '65, i; to Co. G. Thomas McKnight, Feb. 15 '64, 3; to Co. C. John Moran, Sept. 5 '64, 1; to Co. K, 12th reg. Pat- rick Murphy, Mar. 4 '65, i; to Co. D. Benjamin Norton, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Wil- liam E." Phipps, Feb. 23 '64, 3. John J. Provost, Feb. 11 '64, 3; to Co. H. John A. Recanio, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; captured at Gettysburg; died in Belle Isle prison. John Sergeant, Feb. 2 '64, 3. Thomas K. Sex- ton, Feb. 22, '64, 3. Richard Shannon, Apr. 11 '65, i; to Co. G. Lionel Sheldon, Sept. 29 '63, Sept. 30 '63, 3. George Shipman, Nov. 7 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Feb. 15 '64; deserted Oct. 7 '64. John Slingerland, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61; wounded at Williamsburg; deserted Nov. I '62 ; returned to duty Apr. 7 '63 ; re- enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Theodore F. Smith, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. John Speer, Dec. 31 '63, 3- Isaac Steelman, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; to V. r. c. Jan. 15 '64; dis. Oct. i '64. Chilion Thomp- son, Jan. 21 '64," 3. David H. Thompson, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3. John W. Till, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. De Witt Van Order, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; appointed corp. Aug. 3 62; private May 15 '63; re-enlisted Jan. 4 '64. Jacob C. Vanderhoof, Sept. 15 '61, Oct. 2 '61, 3; to V. r. c. Sept. i '63; dis. Oct. 10 '64, Theodore Van Pelt, Jan. 27 '64, Jan. 28 '64, 3. Jacob F. Welsh, Apr. 8*65, i; to Co. E. John W. Wilday, Jan. 27 '64, 3. James H. Woodruff, Jan. 18 '64, 3. John W. Wright, Feb. 2 '64, 3. Died. — (These, with two exceptions, which are indi- cated, were three-years men. The date immediately following the name is that of enrollment and muster in. When this is omitted the man was enrolled Sept. 15 and mustered Oct. 2 '61.) Theron A. Allen, of fever, at Jer- sey City, June 7 '62. Drake Aumick, Dec. 31 '63; died at Washington, D. C, June 24 '64. Edgar Barber, Dec. 22 '63; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 5 '64. Charles Y. Beers, Aug. 18 '62; died at Gettysburg, Pa., July 6 '63, of wounds. Jabez Beers, Jan, 28 '64; killed before Petersburg, Va., June 16 '64. Moses A. Berry, of pneu- monia, at camp on lower Potomac, Md., Jan. 29 '62. George W. Blakely, at New York, July 28 '62. Cyrus Carter, of disease, at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 6 '62. Albert T. Emory, Feb. i '64; died at Washington, D. C, July i '64. Jacob S. Hopping, at Gettysburg, Pa., July i6 '62,, of wounds received there. Robert L. Jolly; appointed corp. Sept. 15 '61; sergt. Aug. 4*62; private May 15 '63; died at Gettysburg, July 22 '(>i, of wounds received there. Hendrick Kinklin, Mar. 2 '65, i year; died of dysentery at Alexandria, Va., July 3 '65. William Long, at Fairfax Court-house, Va., Aug. 31 '62. John R. Lyon, Sept. 3 '62, of wounds received at Bull Run, Va. Lemuel A. Marshall, Mar. 22 '62; died at Washington, D. C, Nov. I '62. John McDonough, Dec. 22 'by, died at Washington, May 26 '64, of wounds received at Spott- sylvania, Va. Charles B. Molt; killed at Chancellors- ville, Va., May 3 '63. George W. Peer, at'Yorktown, Va., May 13 '62, of typhoid fever. Allen H. Pierson, near Petersburg, Va., June 19 '64, of wounds received before Petersburg June 17; re-enlisted Mar. 10 '64. Spafford Sanders, of typhoid fever, at Budd's Ferry, Md., Apr. 19 '62. John H. Tillotson, of typhoid fever, at Budd's Ferry, Md., Apr. 28 '62. Jacob Wilse)', Mar. i '65, I year; died at Alexandria, July 6 '65. Joseph C. Spencer; killed before Petersburg. James M. Woodruff; killed at Mine Run. CAPTAIN SOUTHARD'S ENGINEERS. The next company to leave the county was that of Major (then Lieutenant) H. M. Dalrymple, who raised a part of Captain Southard's company for the 8th engineer corps — Company K of the ist regiment of New York engineers. The company was entirely made up of New Jersey men. Its captain, Henry L. Southard, was a Jer- seyman by birth and son of the late Senator Southard of this State. He was killed while on duty at Bermuda Hundred, Va., in May 1864. Lieutenant Henry M. Dal- rymple, also adjutant of the regiment, succeeded to the command and retained it during the operations in front of Petersburg and Richmond, until mustered out of ser- vice in December 1864, at the expiration of his term of three years' service. The company served with the regiment in the Depart- ment of the South, engaging in all the various operations under Generals Sherman, Hunter, Mitchell and Gilmore. It participated in the siege of Pulaski, the battle of Pocataligo, the expedition to Charleston under Hunter, and the siege of Fort Sumter and Charleston under Gen- eral Gilmore, erecting the famous Swamp Angel battery, UNION COMPANIES FROM MORRIS COUNTY. 85 which threw the first messengers of death into Charles- ton. Early in the spring of 1864 the regiment was ordered to the Army of the James at Fortress Monroe and Ber- muda Hundred, and did hard work under General Grant in his operations in front of Petersburg and Rich- mond. The following is a list of names of the Morris county volunteers who entered this company: Henry M. Dalrymple, Frederic B. Dalrymple, John Franks, Samuel McNair, William H. Lounsbury, Hiram Tharp, Joseph Scudder, Wellinpiton Bryant, Amadee B. Pruden, Edward De Camp, Wesley Chidester, Mahlon Parsons, William H. Porter, Thomas M. Palmer, John Wright, Charles J. Pownall, William G. Denman, George W. Skillborn, Charles Stevens, Edward Tucker, William Thompson, John W. Mills, Elijah W. Grandin, Benja- min C. Durham, William Tuttle, Jacob B. Willis, Alvah Handville, John Oliver, Daniel Brown, William S. Can- non, Edward Cobbett, Edward W. Cobbett, Moses Corby, James K. Dalrymple, Caleb M. Emmons, Alonzo Edgar, Evans Jones, Abram Kinnecutt, Ira Lewis, George W. Lewis, George Lindsley, Thomas Levigs, Joseph Miller, James McCormick, William McQuaid, Theodore Nun- gesser, John N. Nungesser, Thomas N. Nichols, William H. Tucker, Edward Tester, James Tyms, Charles M. Thomas, Samuel Tebo, George Vanderhoof, Lewis Weise, John Powers, George L. Valentine, James C. Vale, Thomas E. Wolfe, Edward Wolfe, Charles Lewis, Manuel Decker. THE PRESIDENT'S GUARD. Captain William Duncan, of the Morris Greys, being unable to get his company accepted in a New Jersey regiment, raised one for the District of Columbia volun- teers, to be attached to the President's guard. On the 28th day of January 1862 he left Morristown with 70 men of whom 42 were from Boonton. On their departure they were addressed by the Rev. Mr. Ellison and Rev. Mr. Irving. A large concourse was assembled to see them off. The following is the roll of the company: Captain, William Duncan; first lieutenant, George "Willenbucher; sergeants — Theodore Riley (ist), W. W. Carroll, Abram Kingsland, Elias Millen, Joseph Smith; corporals — Jacob R. Peer, Jesse Jennings, Anthony Adams, John Moreland, Sam Brooks, Josiah Davison, Barney McMackin, A. M. Halliday; privates — W. M. Atkins, Daniel Benjamin, Aaron E. Bonnell, William Bab- cock, William R. Bishop, William Bryan. Henry Bronson, James Burk, Charles Conklin, Daniel Carey, Patrick Clark, John Conley, Daniel S. Cravet, James Daley, Ar- thur Drew, Franklin Eghan, Horace Elmer, Charles Evans, Henry C. Fedes, Charles Grinder, Abraham Gu- lick, William Gray, Nicholas Hill, William Hopler, S. B. Harrison, Samuel Horner, Robert Hudson, Joseph Hart- man, Henry D. lanson, John Jennings, Joshua Jenkins, Michael Kennedy, John W. Kelley, John Lovvery, James List, Cornelius Miller, G. B. Phineas Meyers, Thomas Murphy, Thomas E. Miller, David Marston, James Mc- Coy, Peter McFarland, James McNulty, George Oliver, Peter Peer, Nelson Peer, Merinus Peer, George W. Pier- son, Timothy L. Palmer, Mitchel Robear, Elias J. Roff, Harry Reese, George Sharp, Edward J. Smith, Garret Smith, Whitaker Taylor, Jacob N. Thatcher, Ira Van Orden, John Vanduyne, James T. Vanduyne, George Weir, George M. Whitehead, Frank Wildeman, James ^\'■hit'ten, Theodore Wilkins, William Young. CHAPTER XVL THE ELEVENTH NEW JERSEY REGIMENT — BATTLES AND LOSSES OF COMPANIES E AND H. ?N May 1862 the governor, in anticipation of ™j( the call for 300,000 three-years men which VM^^ was made July 7th, authorized the recruiting S^^^i °^ ™^" for the nth New Jersey volunteers. Captain Dorastus B. Logan at once cora- ls ^ menced raising a company, afterward mustered as " Company H of that regiment. On the i8th of June he took 29 men to the rendezvous. Camp Olden at Trenton. When the call came from the governor, July 8th, in pur- suance of the President's call of the day before, for four regiments, this company was rapidly filled. At the same time Thomas J. Halsey of Dover began the raising of Company E for the same regiment. He was commis- sioned major September 14th 1863. Robert McAllister was colonel. The i ith was mustered into the United States service Aug. i8th and left Trenton for Washington Aug 25th. After remaining near Washington till Nov. i6th the regiment was attached to Gen. Carr's brigade, Sickles's division Army of the Potomac. It served through the war, participating in the following engagements, all in Virginia excepting Gettysburg: Fredericksburg, December 13th and 14th 1862; Chan- cellorsville, May 3d and 4th 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2nd and 3d 1863; Wapping Heights, July 24th 1863; Kelly's Ford, November 8th 1863; Locust Grove, Nov. 27th 1863; Mine Run, November 29th 1863; Wilderness, May 5th-7th 1864; Spottsylvania, May 8th-i8th 1864; North Anna River, May 23d and 24th 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, May 30th and 31st 1864; Cold Harbor, June ist- ■5th 1864; Baker's Mills, June loth 1864; before Peters- burg, June i6th-23d and July 30th 1864; Deep Bottom, July 26th and 27th 1864; North Bank of James River, Aug. I4th-i8th 1864; Ream's Station, Aug. 25th 1864; Fort Sedgwick, September i8th 1864; Poplar Spring Church, Oct. 2nd 1864; Boydon Plank Road (capture of Petersburg), April 2nd 1865; Amelia Springs, April 6th 1865; Farmville, April 6th and 7th 1865; Appomattox, April gth 1865. Following are the records of the Morris county com- panies in the nth regiment; COMPANY E. OFFICERS. The following ofificers were commissioned or enrolled at the dates immediately following their names, and all but one of them for the period of three years. Where but one date is given it was also that of muster-in. Where two are given the last is the date of muster-in. The date of muster-out, where not otherwise indicated, was June 6th 1865: Captains. — Thomas J. Halsey, Aug. 19 '62; prom, major Sept. 14 '6-i,. Edward E. S. Newberry, Nov. 17 '63, Jan. 7 '64; enlisted as private Co. D 3d N, J.; prom, ist iieut. Aug. 19 '62; resigned captaincy Jan. 28 '64 to 86 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. accept commission in veteran reserve corps. Charles F. Gage, June 26 '64, July 20 '64; appointed ist lieut. Co. G Dec. 5 '63; brevet major Apr. g '65. First Lieutenants. — William H. Egan, Oct. 5 '63, Oct. 3t '63; appointed ist sergt. July 22 '62; ist lieut. Co. H Oct. 5 '63; transferred from Co. H Jan. i '64; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. Cyprian H. Rossiter, Oct. 25 '64, Nov. 19 '64; appointed 2nd lieut. Co. B Sept. 18 '64; commissioned captain Co. F June 13 '65; not mustered. Second Lieutenants — Silas W. Volk, Aug. 19 '62; re- signed Dec. 10 '6t^. Joseph C. Baldwin, Feb. 18 '63, Mar. i6, '63; transferred from Co F Apr. 16 '64; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. Charles A. Oliver, June 26 '64, July 20 '64; formerly sergt. Co. I; pro. ist lieut. Co. K Oct. 23 '64. Titus Berry jr., Oct. 23 '64, Nov. 19 '64; appointed corp. Aug. 9 '62; sergt. Sept. I '63; commissioned adj. June 18 '65; not mus- tered. » First ^i?r^i?a/?/.— Augustus Tucker, sergt. Aug. 18 '62; ist sergt. Nov. i '63. Sergeants. — Amos H. Schoonover, Sept. 13 '64, for i year; pro. 2nd lieut. Co. C Sept. 18 '64. Alpheus Iliff, Corp. July 15 '62; sergt. July i 'by, commissioned 2nd lieut. Co. B May 22 '65 and ist lieut. Co. H June 13 '65, but not mustered. Thomas D. Marbacker, July 19 '62; appointed corp. Aug. 20 '63; sergt. Nov. i '63. Edward J. Kinney, Aug. i6 '62; appointed corp. Aug. 20 '63; sergt. Sept. 8 '64; dis. May 3 '65. Corporals. — Morris L. Ackerman, Aug. 18 '62; dis. May 3 '65. Absalom S. Talmadge, Aug. 18 '62; dis. May 3 '65. George Zindle, Aug. 18 '65; appointed corp. July I '64; dis. May 3 '65. Leonard V. Gillen, Aug. 16 '62; appointed corp. July i '64. James Brannin, Aug. 18 '62; corp. Oct. I '64. Bishop W. Mainis, July 28 '62, July 29 '62; corp. Oct. 6 '64; dis. May 3 '65. Charles H. Johnson jr., Aug. 18 '62; corp. Nov. i '64. Frederick Cook, Aug. 16 '62; corp. Nov. i '64. Died. — Sergeants: Charles Brandt, Aug. 5 '62; died of scurvy at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 31 '64; appointed corp. Aug. 5 '62; sergt. Aug. i '53. James McDavitt, Aug. 16 '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 '63. Eliphalet Sturdevant, August 18 '62; died in hospital at Gettysburg, Pa., July 13 'b^,, of wounds received there. PRIVATES. The date of enrollment and muster-in and the number of years for which the man enlisted follow the name; the date of muster-out was June 6 '65 if nothing appears to the contrary. Charles H. Aber, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Joseph H. Berry, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Sarhuel Bozegar, Sept. 27*64, i; dr. Holmes Brittin, Sept. 26 '64, i; dr.; dis. May 3 '65. Oliver Bruch, Aug. 12 '64, 3. Thomas Bush, Sept. i '64, I. Lewis A. De Camp, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Patrick Gal- lagher, Aug. 14 '62, 3. Jacob Genther, July 22 '62; 3. John H. Gilbert, July 25 '62, 3. Charles E. Guard, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Matthias and Peter Henderson, Sept. 21 '64, 3; dr. Charles Hulse, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr. Philip Jayne, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Joseph C. Johnson, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr. Robert and Zacharinh Johnson, Sept. 28 '64, 1; dr. Ben- jamin H. Joiner, sergt. July 22 '62, 3; private Sept. i' 62. Jonathan C. Knowles, Aug. 2 '62, 3. John Litz, Aug. 8 '64, i; dis. May 30 '65. Lewis M. Lorey, Aug. 30 '64, i. William Lowery, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr. Albert P. Lyon, Aug. 16 '62, 3. David Marley, Sept. i '64, i; m. o. Aug. 13 '65. Joseph McNear, Sept. 5 '64, i; tr. from Co. G. George M. Merritt, musician, Aug. 18 '62. James P. Myers, July ig '62, 3. John O'Dell, Aug. 18 '62, 3. E. W. Philhower, wagoner, July 25 '62. Albert T. Phillips, Aug. 29 '64, I. Richard J. Porter, Sept. 26 '64, i; dr. Henry Rinkler, Mar. 2 '65, 3. Samuel Robinson, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Samuel Rose, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr.; dis. May 3 '65. Alonzo B. Searing, Aug. 18 '62, 3. Lambert Sharp, July 23 '62, 3. Frank E. Shilstone, Aug. 16 '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. George Smith, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr. James Smith, Sept. 21 '64, i; dr. Solomon Soper, Sept. 27 '64, i; dr.; dis. May 3 '65. William Throckmorton and Joseph E. Wainwright, Sept. 27 '64, I ; dr. Joseph W. Walton, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. May 3 '65. William Wood, Aug. 16 '62, 3. Gilbert D. Young, Aug. 16 '62. 3. William Young, Aug. 16 '64, i. Discharged (for disability where no other cause is given). — George Apgar, July 29 '62, 3; dis. Dec. 28 '63. Henry C. Cook, Aug. 11 '62, 3; dis. Dec. 29 '62. Jacob Egerter, July 29 '62, 3; dis. Apr. 4 '64. James M. Ford, Aug. 16 '62, 3; dis. Sept. 25 '63. Marcus S. Ford, Aug. 16 '62, 3; dis. Oct. 13 '63. James Henderson, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Mar. 19 '63. Louis Lambert, Sept. 27 '64, i; dis. Sept. 8 '64 to accept commission in 20th N. Y. Stephen Lefifler, Aug. 16 '62, 3; dis. Feb. 2 '()i. William Minton, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Dec. 15 '64. Steinzilo Monice, Aug, 18 '62, 3; dis. Feb. 19 '63. William A. Murphy, Aug. 13 '63, 3; dis. Jan. 6 '64. Octavus L. Pruden, Aug. 16, '62, 3; dis. October 23 '63 to join reg- ular army. Richard Shauger, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Nov. 29 '62. Zadoc Sperry, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Aug. 14 '63. John Talmadge, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Jan. 15 '63. John H. Wilson, Aug. 16 '62, 3; dis. Apr. 14 '64. Joseph Zindle, Aug. 18 '62, 3; dis. Feb. 28 '63. Transferred. — David B. Alpaugh, Jan. 28 '64, 3; to v. r. c. Apr. 27 '65; dis. June ig '65. Elias H. Blanchard, Aug. 16 '62, 3; to V. r. c. Mar. 15 '64. Charles Bow- man, Aug. 5 '62, 3; to V. r. c. July i '64; dis. June 29 '65. John Burk, Aug. 14 '63, 3; to v. r. c. Feb. 15 '64; dis. Aug. 14 '65. William Burns, Oct. 8 '64, i; to Co. B 12th N. J. Charles Davis, Oct. 10 '64, i; to Co. I 12th N. J. John Farnum, Aug. 16 '64, 3; to Co. B 12th N. J. John W. Ford, Aug. 16 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Aug. i '63; dis. Nov. 12 '63. William F. Hogbin, Aug. 12 '64, 3; to Co. B 1 2th N. J.; dr. James Howden, June 15 '64, 3; to Co. B i2th N. J. Thomas Kelly, June 13 '64, 3; to Co. B i2th N. J. James King, Aug. 16 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Sept. I 'bT^. William King, June 16 '64, 3; to Co. B 12th N. J. Charles A. Kinney, Aug. 18 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Aug. 10 '64; dis. June 29 '65. Joseph H. Lee, July 19 '64, 3; to Co. B i2th N. J.; dr. David Lundy, June 16 '64, 3; to Co. B 1 2th N. J. Henry McLane, Sept. i '64, i; to Co. B 12th N. J. Waldemar M. Melchert, June 11 '64, 3; to Co. B i2th N. J. William Osborn, Aug. 18 '62, 3; to V. r. c. Sept. 30 '64; dis. July 13 '65. Armstrong Powell, Aug. 15 '64, 3; to Co. B 12th N. J.; dr. William Reiser, Feb. 24 '65, i; to Co. A 12th N. J. James Riley, Oct. 7 '64, i; to Co. B 12th N. J. Thomas Scattergood, Mar. 31 '63, 3; to V. r. c. Sept. 30 '64; dis. July 24 '65. George Schoonover, Feb. 25 '65, i; to Co. B 12th N. J. Killian Schulze, Sept. 2 '64, i ; to Bat. A. John Smith, Oct. 8 '64, i; to Co. B 12th N. J.; dr. John Sullivan, Aug. 16 '64, 3; to Co. A. John F. Sullivan, June 15 '64, 3; to Co. B i2th N. J. Mahlon D. Talmadge, Aug. 16 '62, 3; to V. r. c. Sept. I '63; dis. June 29 '65. Reuben E. Talmadge, Aug. 16 '62, 3; to v. r. c. March 15 '64; dis. June 30 '65. Samuel Taylor, May 10 '64, 3; to Co. B 1 2th N. J.; dr. Alva S. Valentine, Sept. i '64, i; to Co. M 3d N. J. cav. James J. Van Orden, Aug. 18 '62, 3; to v. r. c. April 26 '65; dis. Jane 2g '65. Isaac Wool- verton, June 17 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Mar. 23 '64; dis. June 23 '65; appointed sergt. June 17 '62; private Sept. i 'dj,. James'K. Youmans, Aug. 18 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Jan. 15 '64; dis. July 3 '65. Died. — (With the exception of Mr. Atkinson these men COMPANIES E AND H ELEVENl^H N. J. entered the service for three years; the date of enroll- ment and muster-in follows the name). James Atkinson, Sept. 27 '64; dr. for i year; missing at Boydton Plank Road, Va., Oct. 27 '64. Joshua Beach, Aug. 18 '62; died of scurvy at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. i '64. John Cook, July 23 '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 '63 David Daley, June 17 '62; missing at Gettysburg, Pa , July 3 '63. James F. Gibson, July 24 '62; died of chronic diarrhoea at Trenton, N. J., Mar. 4 '65, while on a furlough. Peter Hann, Aug. 12 '62; killed at Chancel- lorsville, Va., May 3 '63. William W. Hoffman, July 29 '62; died of disease at Richmond, Va., Apr. 12 '64. William Horton, Aug. 18 '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 '63. Charles Mann, Aug. 5 '62; killed at Locust Grove, Va., Nov. 27 '63. John Mann, Aug. 12 '62; died at Chancellorsville, Va., May 11 '6^, of wounds received there. Jacob Miller, Aug. 18 '62; missing at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3 '63. Thomas Murray, June 17 '62; died at Washington, May 28 '63, of wounds received at Chancellorsville. Riley O'Brien, June 17 '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 '63." Isaac O'Dell, Aug. 16 '62; died of chronic diarrhoea near Falmouth Va., Mar. 9 '63. Daniel H. Palmer, Aug. 16 '62; died at Washington, June 23 '63, of wounds received at Chancel- lorsville. William B. Phillips, Aug. 12 '62; captured b_e- fore Petersburg, Va., June 22 '64; died at Florence, S. C, Nov. 15 '64. James Ridgeway, Aug. 10 '64; dr.; died of chronic diarrhoea, at New^ York, Nov. 9 '64. Elihu F. Rose, corp., Aug. 18 '62; killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 10 '64. C. M. Shauger, Aug. 18 '62; died of typhoid fever near Falmouth, Va., March 29 '63. James W. Smith, July 29 '62; died of intermittent fever near Alexandria, Va., Nov. 26 '62. William H. Sweet, Aug. 18 '62; missing at Chancellorsville, May 3 '63. Cyrus L. Talmadge, Aug. 18 '62; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 2 '64. Thomas Tinney, Aug. 16 '62; killed at Get- tysburg, Pa., July 2 '63. Gilbert Young, July 16 '62; died of smallpox, at Washington, Dec. 8 '62. COMPANY H. OFFICERS. The following were commissioned or enrolled, and mustered in for three years' service, at the dates follow- ing their names: Captains. — Dorastus B. Logan, Aug. 13 '62, Aug. 14 '62; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 %j,. Ira W. Cory, July 3 '63, Oct. 23 '63; appointed sergt. Co. K 7th N. J.; ist lieut. Aug. 13 '62; on detached service at draft rendezvous, Trenton; m. o. June 5 '65. First Lieutenants. — William H. Egan, Oct. 5 '()t„ Oct. 31 '63; appointed ist sergt. Co. E; tr. to that company Jan. I '64. Alexander Cummings, Nov. 13 '63, Nov. 24 '62,\ appointed ist sergt. June 17 '62; 2nd lieut. Sept. 20 '63; tr. from Co. K Jan. i '64; dismissed May 8 '65. Second Lieutenant — William E. Axtell, Aug. 13 '62, Aug. 14 '62; resigned Sept. 29 '63, from wounds received at Gettysburg; commissioned ist lieut. July 2 '63; not mustered. First Sergeants. — Alonzo M. Merritt, sergt., July 26 '62; ist sergt. Jan. i '64; sergt. major May 13 '64. Wat- son P. Tuttle, corp. June 17 '62; ist sergt. June i '64; sergt. major Sept. i '64. Michael J. Southard, July 5 '62; pro. corp. May 4 'by, ist sergt. Oct. i '64; captured and paroled; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Sergeants.— '^\\X\2iXa. S. Stout, June 17 '6z; appointed corp. Sept. I '63; sergt. Jan. i '64; m. o. June 6 '65. Peter Stone, Aug. 6 '62; appointed corp. Jan. i '64; sergt. Sept. i '64; commissioned 2nd lieut. Co. B June 13 '65; not mustered. George W. Hedden, June 26 '62; pro. corp. Feb. i '63; sergt. Oct. i '64; m. o. June 6 '65. Corporals. — Nathaniel Clark, July 21 '62; pro. corp. May 4 '63; m. o. June 6 '65. Lambert Riker, June 17 '62; pro. corp. Sept. i '63; m. o, June 6 '65. John J. Sites, July 5 '62; pro. corp. Aug. i '63; dis. May 3 '65. George A. Stevens, June 17 '62; m. o. June 6 '65. Wil- liam S. Goarkee, July 9 '62; pro. corp. Oct. i '64; m. o. June 6 '65. Musician. — William Y. Kelly, July 5 '62; m. o. June 6 '65- Discharged. — Sergeant Thomas S. Mitchell, enrolled and mustered June 17 '62; dis. Mar. 19 '63 for disability. Musician William H. Egbert, enrolled and mustered Aug. 14 '62; dis. for disability Jan. t6 '63. Wagoner David H. Thomas, enrolled and mustered June 17 '62; dis. Jan. 9 '63 for disability. Transferred {dait of enrollment and muster following the name). — Sergeants: Silas C. Todd, June 17 '62; to v. r. c. Aug. 6 '64; dis. June 17 '65. Henry C. Wood- ruff, July 21 '62; to V. r. c. Sept. 30 '64; dis. July 6 '65; appointed corp. July 21 '62; sergt. Apr. i '6^,. Corporals: Erastus H. Rorick, Aug. 6 '62; to v. r. c. July i '63; dis. Aug. 19 '64; prom. corp. Sept. i '62. Oliver Ayres, July 5 '62; to V. r. c. Dec. 7 '63; dis. Oct. 3 '64; prom. corp. Jan. I '63. Died. — John V. Lanterman, ist sergt., enrolled and mustered June 17 '62; killed at Spottsylvania Court- house, Va., May 12 '64. Daniel Bender, sergt., enrolled and mustered June 17 '62; killed at Chancellorsville,Va., May 3 '63. Charles W. Buck, corp.; enrolled and mus- tered July 30 62, died of debility, on furlough, at Wash- ington, Mar. 13 '63. John S. Harden, corp., enrolled and mustered July 14 '62; died of congestion of the brain near Fort Ellsworth, Va., Oct. 9 '62. John Fleming, Corp., enrolled and mustered July 9 '62.; appointed corp. Oct. 9 '62; killed in action near Petersburg, Va., June 16 '64. PRIVATES. The date immediately following these names is that of enrollment and muster. The figure 1 after the date shows that the man entered the service for one year; in other cases the term of enlistment was three years. The date of muster-out was June 6 1865, where nothing ap- pears to the contrary. John Anderson, June 24 '62. Albert L. Axtell, July 5 62. Solomon G. Cannon, June 17 '62; captured and paroled; dis. May 12 '65. John Caspar, Sept. i '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. Jacob S. Clawson, Aug. i '62. Christian Clevel, Aug. 17 '64; dis. June 12*65. Joseph L. Decker, July 19 '62. Timothy Furl, July 9 '62. Daniel C. Hig- gins, June 16 '64; dis. Apr. 8 '65. John Hoffman, Sept. I '64; dis. Apr" 28 '65. George Horton, July 5 '62. Joseph R. Mackey, July 5 '62; dis. May 3 '65. Lewis N. McPeake, Aug. 15 '62; dis. May 3 '65. Morris Myers, Sept. 28 '64, I. John Motti, Sept. 26 '64, i. George Murphy, corp. June 17 '62; private Jan. i '63: dis. May 3 '65. Hans T. Olson, Sept. 28 '64, i. Bartley Owen, July 23 '62; captured and paroled; dis. May 12 '65. Michael Raiter, Sept. 28 '64, i. Jacob Schneider, Sept. 28 '64, I. William Southard, July 5 '62. Antoine Stael, Sept. 28 '64, I, Henry Stibling, Sept. 26 '64, i. John 13 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Stone, Sept. 28 '64, i. John V. Stout, June 17 '62. James Sweeney, June 20 '62. Thomas Welsh, Sept. 26 '64, I. Discharged. — (The date of enrollment and muster fol- lows the name. All but one were three-years men. The cause of discharge was physical disability where no other is given). Joshua Barber, July 30 '62; dis. Oct. 20 '64. for wounds received at Spnttsylvania. Henry Bayard, June II '64; dis. May 30 '65, for woimds received at Boydton Plank Road, Va., Oct. 27 '64. George Brown, Sept. I '64; dishonorably discharged Mar. i '65. Dennis Crater, July 16 '62; dis. May 3 '65, for wounds at Spott- sylvania. Edward Emerson, Sept. 28 '64, i year; dis. July 12 '65, for wounds at Fort Morton, Va., Nov. 5 '64. George W. Jackson, June 17 '62; dis. Jan 14 '63. James N. Jarvis, June 26 '62; dis. Dec. 30 '62. Constant V. King, Aug. I '62; dis. Aug. 27 '63. Patrick King, July 26 '62; dis. Dec. 3 'd^x,, for wounds at Gettysburg. Mar- shall Love, Aug. 14 '62; dis. July 21 '63. -George H. McDougall, June 17 '62; dis. Jan. 23 '63. Reuben O'Dell, June 28 '62; dis. Mar. 25 '65. Robert D. Owen, July 21 '62; dis. Jan. 9 '63. Timothy K. Pruden, June 17 '62; dis. Dec. 15 'b^, for wounds at Gettysburg. Ed- ward Rich, July 5 '62; dis. Apr. 25 '63. David A. Riker, July 24 '62; dis. Dec. 24 '62. William Rowley, July 5 '62; dis. April 25 '63. William Shack, July 30 '62; dis. Jan. 5 '63. William Sullivan, July 2 '62; dis. Jan. 5 '(iT,. John Wright, June 24 '62; dis. Aug. 15 '64. Theodore F. Wolfe, June 17 '62; dis. Jan. 5 'Qi2>- Died (The date of enlistment and muster follows the name. The period of enlistment was three years, except in a single case). — Levi P. Baird, July 5 '62; killed near Chancellorsville, May 3 '6^. Edward Barber; Aug. i '62; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2 '63. Simeon Brooks, July 2 '62; died of chronic diarrhoea near Falmouth, Va., Feb. I '63. Bingham Cartwright, Aug. i '61; died of debility near Falmouth, Va,, Jan. 18 'd^. Levi Cart- wright, Aug. T '62; died of diphtheria near Alexandria, Va., Dec. 15 '62. Timothy Cummings, Aug. 14 '62; died of dysentery near Fort Ellsworth, Va., Oct. 27 '62. Daniel Decker, June 28 '62; died- of typhoid fever near Falmouth, Va., Feb. 7 '62- William A. Decker, Aug. 6 '62; died at Washington May 30 '63, of wounds received at Chancel- lors-ville; prom. corp. May 4 '63. William De Groat, July 5 '62; died of inflammation of the bowels near Falmouth, Va., Dec. 25 '62. Edward Dorsay, July 5 '62; died of in- flammation of the bowels near Fort Ellsworth, Va., Oct. 16 '62. William Halsey, July 5 '62; missing at Gettys- burg, Pa., July 2 '63. Francis M. Hendershot, July 18 '62; died of chronic diarrhoea Sept. 26 '64, on James River. Peter Hendershot, July 5 '62; died of debility near Falmouth, Va., Jan. 2 '63. Richard Henderson, Aug. 6 '62; died of inflammation of the lungs near Fal- mouth, Dec. 30 '62. John Henry Klein, Oct. 10 '64, i year; missing at Boydton Plank Road, Va., Oct. 27 '64; died of fever at Salisbury, N. C, Feb. 7 '65. Ferdinand Martin, June 15 '64; died at City Point, Va., Dec. 4 '64, of woimds near Petersburg. William Potts, June 17 '62; died of chronic diarrhoea at Washington, Oct. i '63. Charles W. Prickett, June 28 '62; died of chronic diar- rhoea at Washington, May 18 '65. Joseph P. Robare, July 31 '61; died at Potomac Creek hospital, Va., May 3 '6^, of wounds at Chancellorsville. John C. Sharp, June 17 '62; died of heart disease near Fort Ellsworth, Va., Nov. 18 '62. Henry South, July 2 '62; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 '6;^. David Talmadge, July 30 '62; missing near Petersburg, Va., June 22 '64. Wil- liam W. Tuttle, July 26 '62; died of typhoid fever near Fort Ellsworth, Va.. Nov. 6 '62. James AI. Woodruff, Tune 17 '62; killed at Locust Grove, Va., Nov. 27 •63. CHAPTER XVIL THE BRILLIANT RECORD OF COMPANIES C AND F 15TH N. J. VOLUNTEERS. HE 15th regiment of New Jersey volunteer infantry was raised in the summer of 1862, in the northwestern part of the State, three companies going from Sussex county, two each from Morris, Hunterdon and Warren and one from Somerset. The men were of a high grade of character and intelligence, and were dis- ciplined by veteran officers. The colonels of the regi- ment at different times were Samuel Fowler, A. C. M. Pennington jr. (never mustered) and William H. Pen- rose. Edmund D. Halsey was commissioned adjutant January ist 1864, having been first lieutenant of Com- pany D, second lieutenant of Company F, sergeant major, and private in Company K. The regiment was mustered in on the 25th of August 1862 and immediately went to the front. Its first duty was building fortifications at Tenaliytown, Md., Lee be- ing then on his northern march which was stopped by the battle of Antietara. At the end of September the 15th joined the army of the Potomac, and from this lime to the close of the war it shared the hard work, the de- feats and the victories of that great army, being attached to the first brigade, first division, sixth corps. The regiment was first under fire at Fredericksburg, December 13th 1862, having crossed the Rappahannock below the town and occupied a ravine, behaving admira- bly under a cannonade by which several were wounded. The next mornmg, before daylight, the isth was de- ployed as skirmishers, within hearing of the voices of the enemy. At sunrise the skirmish line opened fire. In the bloody battle thus introduced the Morris county com- panies fared less hardly than some portions of the line, but Sergeant Major Fowler and Alexander S. Sergeant of Company F were killed and several were severely wounded. The next morning the regiment was relieved by the 121st New York. The tedious "' mud march " which followed the Fred- ericksburg disaster preluded a dismal winter in camp at White Oak Church, typhoid fever prevailing and making sad inroads upon the companies from Morris, who were thereafter notably fortunate in the matter of health. The next fighting was the Chancellorsville campaign. This took the 15th across the Rappahannock River be- low Fredericksburg as before, the regiment forming the extreme left of the sixth corps in the action of May 3d, supporting a battery and aiding to prevent the enemy from turning the left flank of Hooker's army. In this service the 15th suffered considerable loss. Advancing in the afternoon to Salem Church this regiment drove the enemy by a gallant charge, and held its ground till ordered back at night. It is believed that after this" en- THE FIFTEENTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS. S9 counter few regiments besides tlie isth New Jersey suc- ceeded in bringing off all their wounded. This noble achievement in the case of the 15th is largely credited to the brave and tireless exertions of the chaplain. The next day the army began its retreat to the old camp. In the movement at Fredericksburg in June to divert the attention of the enemy the 15th covered the crossing of the Rappahannock River, removing the pontoon bridge in the face of the enemy and in a driving rain. It fought at Gettysburg, and participated in the advances and re- treats that consumed the latter part of 1863. The following winter was passed in camp at Brandy Station, Va., in picket and fatigue duty, interrupted by an expedition of the brigade to Madison Court-house, which involved no fighting. A log church edifice was built in the camp, in which literary as well as religious exercises were held; a "church" of 130 members was organized, to which 46 were added by conversion. The regiment broke camp on the 4th of May 1864, and immediately plunged into the terrible Wilderness campaign. On the 8th, with the 3d N. J., the 15th made a splendid charge at Spottsylvunia Court-house, to develop the position and strength of the rebel force. It was repulsed with terrible loss, loi men being killed or wounded. The next day the 15th and the ist had a sharp encounter with the rebel skirmishers in a movement on the enemy's right flank. On the loth these regiments drove in the rebel skirmish line, but were stopped by the fortifications at the " bloody angle." They were re- inforced and renewed the attack, but were again repulsed, the entrenchments of the enemy at this point being one of the strongest field works ever attacked by the army. On the same day the sixth corps carried a part of the enemy's line, but had to abandon it and many prisoners, on account of the repulse of the other troops, attacking on either hand. The two regiments mentioned, however, held the ground taken by them till relieved after dark. On the 1 2th the 6th corps assaulted the "bloody angle," with the islh regiment on the extreme right of the front line. Charging through a murderous fire, this regiment broke through the strong line of the enemy, capturing prisoners and a stand of colors. Unsupported, and enfiladed from neighboring works not taken, the brave little Union force was compelled to retire, having lost more than one-half of the rank and file and seven of its best officers. " Out of 429 men and 14 line officers, who crossed the Rapidan on the 4th, only 122 men and four line officers remained." The isth shared in the advance to Petersburg which followed the retreat of the rebels from Spottsylvania, and afterward fought under Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. At Hanover Court-house the decimated ranks were in part filled with the re-enlisted veterans of the 2nd, and at Cold Harbor the re- enlisted veterans of the 3d were added, the original term of service of those or- ganizations having expired. On the 17th of August this regiment so stubbornly held in check the army of Early and Longstreet that the latter actually formed for an attack in the belief that Sheridan's whole force was be- fore them. One confederate brigade was enough to scatter the thin skirmish line of the Jerseymen, but the latter yielded only with the most stubborn resistance, some of the 15th holding their ground so long as to be surrounded and captured. At the battle of Opequan, on the 19th of September 1864, this regiment, in the opinion of a division com- mander, saved the day by holding a hill and checking the advance of the enemy during a temporary reverse to the Union line, after which Sheridan's men rallied to one of the most important victories of the war. At Fisher's Hill, September 22nd, the ist New Jersey brigade, by a most brilliant charge, carried a rebel stronghold, capturing a num.ber o( guns; and at Cedar Creek on the 19th of October occupied the most advanced and difficult position, one of the field officers of the 15th being killed and the other two wounded, while the rank and file suffered severely. After this battle the regiment rejoined the army before Petersburg, and participated in the capture of that city and Richmond and other closing events of the war. It was present at the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, April 9th, and was mustered out at Hall's Hill, Va., June 22nd 1865. One of the field offi- cers of the 15th, from whom we have derived the fore- going facts, summarizes the brilliant record of the regi- ment as follows: " In the death grapples of army with army, from 1862 to 1865, it bore the stars and stripes with honor and dis- tinction. No regiment fought with more tenacious cour- age, or presented a more steady and unbroken front to the foe. Where the fire was hottest, the charge most im- petuous, the resistance most stubborn, the carnage most fearful, it was found. It was never ordered to take a po- sition that it did not reach it. It was never required to hold a post that it did not hold it. It never assaulted a line of the enemy that it did not drive it. It never charged a rebel work that it did not reach it. * * * Such a record must be traced in blood. When the roll is called, three hundred and sixty-one times it must be answered — ' Dead on the field of honor.' " The statistics of this regiment are as follows: Officers at muster-in, 38; enlisted men ditto, 909; officers gained, 72; enlisted men gained, 852; total strength, 1,871; officers mustered out, 18; enlisted men mustered out, 398; died of disease, 99; died of wounds, 247; died in prison, 15; total deaths, 361. The engagements in which the regiment participated were the following, all in Virginia where not otherwise indicated: Fredericksburg, December 13th and 14th 1862 and May 3d 1863; Salem Heights, May 3d and 4th 1863; Franklin's Crossing, June 6th-i4th 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2nd and 3d 1863; Fairfield, Pa., Jnly 5th 1863; Funktown, Md., July loth 1863; Rappahannock Station, October 12th and November 7th 1863; Mine Run, November 30th 1863; Wilderness, May 5th-7th 1864; Spottsylvania, May 8th-i6th 1864; North and South Anna River, May 24th 1864; Hanover Court- house, May 29th 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, May 30th and 31st 1864; Cold Harbor, June ist-iith 1864; Before Petersburg, J Lin& i6th-22nd 1864; Weldon Railroad, June 23d 1864; Snicker's Gap, July i8th 1864; Strasburg, August 15th 1864; Winchester, August 17th 1864; I Charlestown, August 21st 1864; Opequan September 19th 90 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. 1864; Fisher's Hill, September 21st and 22nd 1864; New Market, September 24th 1864; Mount Jackson, September 2Sth 1864; Cedar Creek and Middletown, Oc- tober 19th 1864; Hatcher's Run, February sth 1865; Fort Stedman, March 2Sth 1865; capture of Petersburg, April 2nd 1865; Sailor's Creek, April 6th 1865; Farni- ville, April 7 th 1865. Below are rolls of the Morris county companies in the iSth regiment: COMPANY C. OFFICERS. These men entered the service for three years. Imme- diately following the name is the date of commission or enrollment; the date of muster-in was August 25th 1862, where no second date is given; and the date of muster- out- June 22nd 1865, if not otherwise stated. Captains. — Ira J. Lindsley, Aug. 15 '62; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. Lewis Van Blarcom, June 19 '63, July I '63; appointed ist lieut. Co. D Aug. 15 '62. and captain May 8 '64; dis. Dec. 15 '64, for wounds, Herman Lipfert, Sept. 14 '62, Oct. 3 '62; tr. from Co E. 2nd N. J. May 29 '64; dis. Aug. 10 '64, as supernumer- ary. James H. Comings, Dec. 31 '64, Jan. 26 '65; ap- pointed ist lieut. Co. A July 3 '64; brevet major Apr. 2 '65. First Lieutenants. — Erastus H. Taylor, Aug. 15 '62; dis. July 22 '63, for disability. William W. Van Voy, Nov. 4 'i>2,\ appointed 2nd lieut. Co. I Aug, 15 '62; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. Second Lieutenants. — Samuel R. Connett, Aug. 12 '62; appointed sergt. Co. K 7th N. J.; ist lieut. Co. A Apr. 7 '63; resigned June 20 '63. George Martin, Apr. 7 '63, Apr. 24 '63; formerly ist sergt. Co. B; dismissed Oct. 5 '63. Henry R. Merrill, July 3 '64, Dec. 1 '64; formerly ist sergt. Co. H. First Sergeant. — Andrew J. Brannin; corp. Aug. 8 '62; ist sergt. Jan. i '65; died Aug. 19 '73. Sergeants. — John P. Crater, July 10 '62; pro. 2nd lieut. Co. D Mar. 18 '63; wounded May 3 '63; pro. ist lieut. Co. E Nov. 4 '63; capt. Co. K, July 3 '64; brevet major April 2 '65. William F. Parrish, July 10 '62; wounded at Salem Heights May 3 '63; pro. sergt. major Apr. i '65. Menrath Weyer jr., corp. Aug. 7, '62; sergt. Apr. 9 '63; ist lieut. Co. F July 3 '64. John Efner, July 10 '62; corp. July I '63; sergt. Nov. i '64. Robert Lyon, July 31 '62; wounded at Salem Heights May 3 '63; sergt. Jan. I '65. Charles H. Guerin, July 29 '62. , George Hull, Aug. 9 '62; wounded at Spottsylvania, May '64; sergt. May i '65. Israel D. Lum, wounded at Spottsyl- vania, May 9 '64. Corporals. — Augustus S. Hopping, Aug. 13 '62; pro. corp. Apr. 9 '63. Lewis L. Davis, Aug. 9 '62; wounded at Spottsylvania, May '64; pro. corp. May i '65. Charles W. White, July 19 '62; dis. May 3 '65. Manuel Johnson, Aug. II '62; wounded May 12 '64; pro. corp. Jan. i '(it,; dis. June 28 '65. Cyrus Estill, Aug. 9 '62; pro. corp. May I '65. George F. Wardell, Aug. 14 '62; pro. corp. May I '65. John A. Clift, Aug. 11 '62; wounded at Opequan, Sept. 19 '64; pro. corp. May 12 '65; m. o. May 31 '65. Edwin A. Doughty; wounded at Salem Heights, May 3 '63. Discharged. — William Beers, corp. Aug. 9 '62; dis. Nov. 20 '63, for wounds received May 3 '63; arm am- putated. Thomas E. Bennett, musician, July 26 '62; dis. Jan. 14 '64. Albert C. Dildine, musician, July 30 '62; dis. Jan. 4 '64. Transferred. — John A. Brown, ist sergt., July 10 '62; wounded May 3 'di; tr. to v. r. c. Mar. 15 '64; dis. June 30 '65. Samuel Rubadow, corp., Aug. 2 '62, to Co. H; sergt. Nov. 5 '63; color sergt.; killed at Spottsylvania, May 9 '64. David W. Kithcart, corp., Jan. 4 '64; from Co. D; appointed corp. Nov. i '64; tr. to Co. D 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Died.—]Q\\x\ P. Van Houten, ist sergt., July 10 '62; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va.,,May 12 '64; appointed ist sergt. Mar. i '64. Oscar Brokaw, corp., Aug. 7 '62; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. Lee Chardavayne, corp., Aug. 20 '61; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3 '64; tr. from Co. E 2nd N. J. Wil- liam Trelease, Aug. 7 '62; missing (probably killed) at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8 '64; appointed corp. May i '64. PRIVATES. With a few exceptions, which are noted, these men en- listed for three years, in the latter part of July or early in August 1862: were mustered in August 25th following, and mustered out June 2nd 1865: William B. Bailey, missing at Spottsylvania May '64. Ezra T. Baldwin, appointed corp. Aug. 9 '62; private Jan. I '63. Emanuel Barton; wounded at Salem Heights May 3 '(^2,. William T. Boyd. John H. Brundage; dis. Aug. 24 '65. George P: Condict; on detailed service. John S. Cook. Edwin A. Doty; appointed corp. July 30 '62; private Apr. 30 '64- William Efner. Silas P. Genung. Silas J. Guerin; dis. May 3 '61. James H. Hathaway. Dennis Heffern; wounded at Spottsylvania May '64. George W. Hiler. Hugh H. Layton. Charles H. Lewis. Israel D. Lum; appointed sergt. Aug. 7 '62; private Oct. 9 '64. Jacob L. Mattox. John R. Mc- Cauley jr., prom. com. sergt. Jan. i '64; ist lieut. Co. D Feb. 9 '65; brevet capt. Apr. 2 '65. Robert T. McGowan. James H. Mills. Jacob L. Morrison. Patrick B. Murphy, musician; wounded at Salem Heights, May 3 '63. John N. Naylor; dr.; mustered Mar. 21 '65 for one year; tr. from Co. D; dis. May 17 '65. Albert B. Nicholas. Henry Rose, enlisted and mustered July 8 '61; tr. from Co. K 3d N. J.; m. o. Aug. 10 '64. William Scott. Stephen Smith, wagoner. Silas Trowbridge; wounded at Spottsylvania, May '64. Lewis Turner; wounded at Spottsylvania, May '64. Samuel Tyler; enlisted and mus- tered Sept. 25 '61; tr. from Co. G 3d N. J.; m. o. Sept. 25 '64. Henry A. Westfall; wounded at Strasburg, Va., Aug. 15 '64; dis. May 3 '65. Albert W. Whitehead. John B. Wilson, enlisted and mustered Aug. 26 '61; tr. from Co. E 2nd N. J. May 29 '64; m. o. Sept. 12 '64. Discharged (for physical disability if not otherwise stated). — Lorenzo Anderson; dis. Apr. 20 '63; died Apr. 20 '63. Benjamin Booth, enlisted and mustered Dec. 31 '63; tr. from Co. A; dis. Mar. 29 '64. Halsey Brannin, wounded at Salem Heights, May 3 '63; dis. Dec. 29 '64. James H. Cyphers; dis. May 4 '64. Mulford B. Day; dis. Apr. 28 '63. Robert Gray, enlisted and mustered Jan. 4 '64; tr. from Co. D; dis. Mar. 29 '64. Alfred Hopler; dis. Mar. 24 '63, from wounds at Fredericks- burg, Va., Dec. 13 '62. Cornelius ■ Hull, enlisted and mustered Jan. 4 '64; tr. from Co. D; dis. Mar. 29 '64. Joseph D. King; dis. Jan. 19 '63. Charles Maxfield; dis. Dec. 26 '62. Daniel A. Porter, enlisted and mus- tered Jan. 4 '64; tr. fromCo. D; dis. Mar. 29 '64. Erastus Rynearson; dis. Mar. 8 '64. Abraham Sawyer; dis. Jan. 19 '63- John W. Thompson; dis. Apr. 22 '64. George Van Houten; dis. Jan. 19 '63. Robert Whitham; lost an arm at Fredericksburg May 3 '63; dis. Sept. 23 '63, Transferred. — (In this paragraph the dates of enlist- ment and muster immediately follow the name; in most cases they were the same. Next follows the number of years for which the man entered the service. The trans- fer was to Co. D 2nd N. J., June 21 '65, where not otherwise mentioned). Alfred M. Armstrong, July 29 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; wounded at Spottsylvania, May '61; tr! to V. r. c, Sept. 30 '64; dis. July 8 '65. George Baker, COMPANIES C AND F FiFtEENtH N. J. VOLUNTEERS. 9i Mar. 24 '65, I. George Barnes, Mar. i '65, i; tr. from Co. K. Luke Barton, May 11 '64, 3. Frederick Bauer, Apr. 5 '65, i; tr. from Co. H. Robert Blair, Apr. 7 '65, 3. Owen Boehen, Apr. 8 '65, i. William B. Brown, Mar. I '65, i; tr. from Co. K. James H. Bruen, Oct. 10 '64, I. George Campbell, Sept. 21 '64, i; to Co. K. Albert Chaffer, Mar. i '65, i; tr. from Co. K. Nelson Cook, Aug. 13 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; to V. r. c, Jan. 15 '64; dis. June 24 '65. William Cook, Feb. 6 '65, i; tr. from Co. B. Aaron R. Corson, Apr. 3 '65, i; tr. from Co. B. Jacob D. Dalrymple, Aug. 25 '64; to Co. H. Samuel D. Doty, July 21 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; wounded at Spottsyl- vania. May '64; tr. to v. r. c, Jan. i '65; dis. Aug. 15 '65. Alonzo Dow, Aug. 25 '64, 3; to Co. H. Edward Flan- nery. Mar, i '65, i; tr. from Co. K. Jacob Fooze, Sept. 3 '64, i; to Co. K. Corydon C. Force, Aug. 7 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; to V. r. c, Jan. 7 '65; dis. July 21 '65. Clem- ens Gansz, Mar. 27 '65, i; tr. from Co. H. Michael Herwick, Apr. 5 '65, i; tr. from Co. K. John Hynes, Apr. 8 '65, I. David P. Ingle, Jan. 4 64, 3; tr. from Co. A. Patrick Kelly, Mar. 25 '61, i. Frederick Koblenz, Mar. 24 '65, i. Jacob Kramer, Mar. 24 '65, 3. Henry Laugers, George Lauf and Louis Long, Mar. 25 '65. George Mahoney, Apr. 8 '65, i. John J. Mason, Oct. 10 '64, I. John McDowell, Mar. 23 '65. William B. McGill, Apr. 6 '65, i; to Co. G. Thomas McGovern, Mar. 24 '65. John McGraw, Apr. 7' 65, 3. John Miller, Feb. 14 '65, I. John H. Nicholas, Aug. 7 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Nov. 15 '63; dis. July 27 '65. Joseph Noe, Mar. 24 '65, I. George H. Percy, Aug. 12 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; wounded at Salem Heights May 3 '63; tr. to v. r. c. Jan. 15 '64; dis. July 13 '65. John Pettit, Apr. 8 '65, i. Patrick Roach, Mar. 25 '65, i. John M. Ryde, Mar. 24 '65, I. David Sand and Lewis D. Sandborn, Mar. 25 '65, I. Charles Schmidt, Mar. 24 '65, i. Francis Sheldon and Thomas A. Shipps, Mar. 25 '65, i. Walter A. Sidener, Jan. 4 '64, 3; tr. from Co. B. Stephen Smack, Aug. 5 '62, 3; to v. r. c. Apr. i '65; wounded May 3 '63, in hand; dis. June 21 '65. Sidney Stout, Aug. 25 '64, i; to Co. H. Crosby Sweeten, Mar. 22 '65, i; dr. John Tyson, Aug. 7 '62, Aug. 25 '62, 3; wounded May 3 '63; tr. to v. r. c. June 15 '64; dis. Sept. 26 '64. John Van Eren, Jan. 2 '64, 4; tr. from Co. A. Christian Wagner, Mar. 24 '65, i. Died. — (These men entered the service for three years, and in nearly all cases were enrolled in July or August 1862 and mustered August 25th 1862. Where the dates were otherwise they are given). William B. Briggs; missing at Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 '64; probably killed. Franklin Camp; died of typhoid fever, near White Oak Church, Va., Dec. 24 '62. I'rancis Cunning- ham; died of typhoid fever, near White Oak Church, Va. Dec. 16 '62. Edward M. Day; killed at Cold Har- bor' Va., June i '64. Randolph Earles; died at Wash- ington, b. C, Dec. '22 '62, of wounds at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13 '62. Daniel Estill; died of typhoid fever near Brandy Station, Va., Dec. 28 '63. George Fenner, May 29 '61; missing at Winchester, Va., Aug. 17 '64; tr. from Co. G 3d N. J. Edgar S. Farrand; killed at Spottsyl- vania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. Smith C. Gage; died at Washington, D. C, May 14 '63, of wounds re- ceived at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. John Gay, Tan 4 '64; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64; tr. from Co. D. Andrew J. Genung; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. Qumcy Grimes; died of disease at Warrenton, Va., Sept. 8 '6^ Theodore Guerin; died of typhoid fever, near White Oak Church, Va., Feb. 23 '63. Jeremiah Hay- cock: killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 '64. Otto Heimelsback, May 28 '61; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct 19 '64; tr. from Co. E 2nd N. J. James H. Hiler; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. Alfred Hopler; wounded Dec. 13 '62 at Fredericksbutg; died in hospital in Philadelphia, March 24 'dj, Virgil Howell; died of typhoid fever, near White Oak Church, Va., Dec. 20 '62. Moses Laramie; captured at Spottsylvania, May '64; died of scurvy, at Anderson ville, Ga., Nov. 20 '64. John Miller; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. William Oliver; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June I '64. Thomas Phipps; died of typhoid fever, at "windmill Point, Va., Jan. 31 '63. Edwin H. Reger, Feb. 27 '64; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. William Reynolds; died of fever, near Petersburg, Va., Feb. 5 '65. John Rutan; killed at Spottsylvania Court-house, Va., May 12 '64. William M. Shipman; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. Samuel T. Sidener; died of typhoid fever, near White Oak Church, Va., Dec. 26 '62. William E. Simpson; wounded May 3 '63; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19 '64. Matthias Sona, Jan. 4 '64; died at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19 '64, of wounds received at Opequan. William Storms; killed at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63. Peter J. Vanderhoof ; died of typhoid fever at White Oak Church, Va., Dec. 28 '62. COMPANY F. OFFtCERS. Captains. — George C. King, mustered Aug. 25 '62; re- signed April 7 '63, at White Oak Church, Va.; died at Chester. Thomas P. Stout, pro. April 26 '(^t, from ist lieut. Co. A; wounded May 3d '63, at Salem Heights, Va.; tr. to v. r. c. Nov. i '63. Ellis Hamilton, pro. Nov. 4 '63 from ist lieut. Co. E; wounded May 6 '64 in Wil- derness, . Va.; died of wounds May 27 '64. James W. Penrose, pro. July 27 '64 from ist lieut.; April i '63 from private U. S. A. First Lieutenants. — Owen H. Day, pro. Aug. 25 '62 from color sergt. 3d N. J.; pro. capt. Co. I Jan. ig '63. John H. Vanderveer, mustered as 2nd lieut. Aug. 25 '62; ist lieut. April 14 '63; resigned July 28 '63. Menrath Weyer, pro. July 3 '64 from sergt. Co. C; tr. to C(3. E 2nd N. J. June 22 '65. Second Lieutenants. — Gaston Everit, April 14 '63 from Co. I 7th N. J.; resigned May 24 '63. Edmund D. Hal- sey, commissioned June '63; pro. ist lieut. Co. D before being mustered. James Van Antwerp, pro. from ist sergt. Co. E Sept. 28 '64; pro. ist lieut. Co. I Feb. 9 '65. Morris S. Hawn jr., sergt. Co. B April 17 '65; tr. to Co. D 2nd regiment June 21 '65. Sergeants. — Enos G. Budd; wounded May 9 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va.; pro. ist. lieut. Co. C July 3 '64; not mustered; dis. May 3 '65. Manning F. McDougal, killed June I '64 at Cold Harbor, Va. Phineas H. Skellinger, wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 '64; died from wounds, May 27 '64. Elias H. Carlisle; killed June 4 '64, at Cold Harbor. Andrew F. Salmon, wounded May 12 '64, at Spottysvania, Va.; died of wound May 20 '64, at Fredericksburg. Corporals. — Lewis H. Salmon; pro. sergt. April i '63; wounded May 12 '64 at Spottsylvania. ■ John L. Larri- son; wounded May 3 '63 at Salem Heights; pro. sergt. Oct. I '63; captured a rebel flag May 10*64. Alexander T. Beatty; died Feb. 10 '63, at Washington, D. C, of disease. John R. McCain; dis. for disability March 23 '64; died of disease in June '64. William H. Bowman; died June i '63, of fever, at White Oak Church, Va. John Parliament. George W. Laskie: deserted Nov. 11 '63, from hospital at Gettysburg, Pa. George S. M. WoodhuU; wounded May 3 '63 at Saleni Heights, Va. ; pro. sergt. Oct. i '64. Musicians. — William H. Smith and Theodore F. Swayze, drummers; dis. Feb. 17 '64, at Brandy Station, by special order of the War Department. 02 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. PRIVATES. Lewis Ammerman; died of disease at White Oak Church, Va., Mch. 3r, '63. Joseph Anthony; wounded May 12 '64 at Spotlsylvania, Va. Amos G. Bali; tr. to V. r. c. Jan. 13 '65. John P. Bean; dis. Jan. 3 '63 at White Oak Church, for disability. Henry H. Berry; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. John W. Berry; killed at Spottsylvania, Va. (Gault House), May 17 '64. Felix Cash; wounded at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 '63; died of wounds May 15 '63, at Potomac Creek. Warren N. Clawson; died at Washington, May 20 '64. Charles Covert; killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 8 '64. John Carlile, wounded June 2 '64, at Cold Harbor, Va.; pro. Corp. March i '65. Thomas Clark; deserted Mch. 18 '63, at White Oak Church. Henry B. Crampton; on detailed service. Josejih V. M. Crampton; dis. for dis- ability June 21 '63, at White Oak Church, Va. Joseph Crater; pro. corp. April i '6;^; wounded May 8 '64. Charles Davenport; tr. to v. r. c. March 15 '64. William Davenport; deserted Sept. 6 '62, from Camp Morris, D. C. John Dee; teamster. AVilliam H. K. Emmons; pro. corp. April I '63; tr. to color guard June i '63; wounded in foot May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va,; returned to the guard Dec. 26 '64. George D. Foulds; killed at Spott- sylvania, Va., May 12 '64. Isaiah D. Frutchey; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Jeremiah Foley; tr. to v. r. c. Sept. 21 '63. George R. Geddes; wounded May 3 '63, at SaJem Heights, Va.; pro. corp. Sept. i '64. William Gulick; dis. for disability A])ril 21, '63, at White Oak Church, Va.; died Aug. 24 '8r. Jacob Guest; wounded Sept. 19 '64, at AVinchester, Va. John Grey; on detailed service. George R. and John Hall; team- sters. Charles Heck; died at Washington, D. C, March 30 '64, of disease. Zeno A. Hawkins; dis. April 27 '6^, at White Oak Church, Va., for disability. Alonzo Hed- den; pro. corp. Dec. 29 '62; wounded May 8 '64, at Spottsylvania. James Hoover. Anthony Hopler; died Jan. 5 '63, at White Oak Church, Va., of fever. James M. Ingle; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania; dis. for wounds Jan. 10 '65. Abraham Jacobus; wounded May 7 2 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Benjamin Kane; wounded May 3 '63, at Salem Heights, Va.; dis. for wound Oct. 23 '63. W'hitfield Lake; wounded and miss- ing (probably killed), May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Jacob Lamerson; died Feb. 18 '63, of disease, at White Oak Church, Va. David C. Lance; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania. James Laterette; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Daniel Morgan; lost arm May 3 '63, at Fredericksburg, Va.; dis. Oct. 27 '63. Charles Milligan; pro. sergt. Sept. i '64 from corp.; killed Sept. 19 '64, at Winchester, Va. Samuel L. Meeker; on recruiting service for one year. William W. Opdycke; wounded May 3 '63, at Salem Heights, Va.; after return detailed as teamster. Andrew Opdycke; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Frank H. O'Neil; wounded and taken prisoner Aug. 17 '64, at Winchester, Va.; released Mch. 9 '65. Joseph Osborne; on detailed service. William H. Parliament; deserted July 10 '63, at Funkstown, Md. Jacob A. Peckwell; killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12 '64, George C. Reid; slightly wounded Dec. 14 '62; on recruiting duty one year. William H. Rarick; dis. for rheumatism March 17 '64, at Newark, N. J. Ezekiel Rarick. William H. Sergeant; died March 17 '63, at ^Vhite Oak Church, Va., of disease. Alexander S. Sergeant; killed at Fred- ericksburg, Va., Dec. 13 '62. James Sprague; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., in the morning of May 3 '63. John Scales; on detailed service, quartermaster's department. Frederick Starr; ambulance corps; died at Rockawaj-, N. J., April 24 '74. Peter J. Sutton; missing in action Aug. 17 '64, at Winchester, Va.; died at Lynchburg, Va., Oct. 18 '64. John D. Salmon; died March 27 '63, at White Oak Church, Va., of fever. David Todd; died March 5 '63, at White Oak Church, Va., of general de- bility. Peter Van Arsdale; dis. Sept. 5 '63, at Washmg- ton, D. C, for disability. Isaac Van Arsdale; died Sept. 22 '64, from wounds received Sept. ig '64. Benajah D. Wear; died May 9 '63, at White Oak Church, Va., of disease. Lawrence H. Weise; wounded May 12 '64, at Spottsylvania, Va. Elias Williamson; killed at Spott- sylvania, May 12 '64. John AVilliamson; dis. Nov. 28 '6;^, for disability. RECRUITS. On Thursday, January 20th 1864, some twenty re- cruits from Morris county joined the 15th regiment, and during the winter others from Morris and Sussex. "J"he following is a list of them and the companies to which they were assigned: Wesley M. Ayres, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; missing in action May 8 '64. William P. Bryan, Co. A, Feb. 29 '64; tr. to Co. F 2nd N. J., June 21 '65. Jonathan B. Bowman, Co. A, Jan. 4 '64;' tr. to Co. D; dis. Mar. 27 '64. Jacob Beam, Co. A, Jan. 21 64; killed May 8 '64. Benjamin Booth, Co. A, Dec. 31 '63; tr. to Co. C; dis. Mar. 29 '64. John Bowman, Co. D, Jan. 19 '64; died June 20 of wounds received June i '64. David Cantrell, Co. A, Dec. 15 '63; tr. to Co. I; transferred to Co. E 2nd N. J., June 21 '65. Andrew C. Clauson, Co. A; deserted Aug. 25 '62; returned. William C. Cearfoss, Co. H, Jan. 6 '64; killed May 12 '64. Nelson L. Cole, Co. I, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. K 2nd N. J., June 21 '65. John Card jr., Co. K, Feb. 25 '64; tr. to C^o. H 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. .'Vndrew Deeker, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; dis. Apr. 13 '64. David L. Denee, corp., Co. D, Dec. 29 '6;^; tr. to Co. I 2nd N. J. Benjamin Drake, Co. D, Dec. 29 '63; died Feb. 22 '64 of disease. Levi Deeker, Co. K, Feb. 25 '64; tr. to Co. H 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. John Evans, Co. A, May '64; missing May 12 '64. Joseph C. Everett, Co. A, Jan. 6 '64; killed May 12 '64. Lorenzo D. Fulford, Co. D, Dec. 29 '63; missing May 8 '64. William Gulick, Co. A., Feb. 25 '64; tr. to Co. F 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Robert Gray, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. C; dis. Mar. 29 '64. John Gay, Co. D; tr. to Co. C; killed May 12 '64. John M. Goucher, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; died Mar. 24 '64 of disease. Van Meter P. Hammitt, Co. A, Nov. 12 '63; tr. to Co. G 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Abraham Hen- dershot, Co. A, Dec. 17 '63; tr. to Co. D; died in rebel prison in Danville Jan. 6 '65. John Hopkins, Co. A, Nov. 19 '63; tr. to Co. D; died June 18 '64 of wounds received May 12 Charles Hand, Co. B, Jan. 4 '64; dis. June 17 '65. Cornelius Hull, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. B; dis. Mar. 29 '64 for disease. Gustave Hartwig; tr. from Co. E 2nd. Stephen Hawkins, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to v. r. c. Jan. I '65. Patrick Hughes, Co. D, Dec. 30 '63; killed May 8 '64. Lemuel Hardick, Co. I Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Uriah Hardick, Co. I, Dec. 29 '63; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. George Heaney, Co. G, Jan. 2 '64; tr. to Co. G 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Henry J. Hendershot, Co. G Jan. 18 '64; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. David P. Ingle, Co. A Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. C; tr. to Co. D 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Alfred B. Jackson, Co. A, Jan. 2 '64; tr. to Co. D; killed May 8 '64. Abram Johnson jr., Co. A, Nov. 19 '63; tr. to Co. D; killed May 8 '64. Bernard Johnson, Co. A, Dec. 31 '6y, tr. to Co. D; died May 20 '64 of wounds received May 8. James M. Jervis, Co. D, Jan. 2 '64; dis. at Camp Parole Apr. 28 '64. James Johnson, Co. D, Dec. 28 '63; died July 6 '64 of typhoidfever, at Philadelphia. Daniel W. Kithcart, corp. Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. C; tr. to Co. D 2nd N. J. June 2 '65. Amos C. Keepers, Co. C, Jan. 4 '64; dis. Mar. 27 '64. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH N. J. VOLUNTEERS. 93 John Knapp, Co. K, Dec. 22 '63; deserted May 10 '64 at Spottsylvania. William H. List, Co. I, Dec. 29 '63; killed June i '64. Joseph Langdon, Co. A, Dec. 14 '63; tr. to Co. I; tr. to U. S. N. Apr. 8 '64. Jacob Lawson, Corp., Co. I, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Peter Langdon, Co. D, Feb. 12 '64; died June 25 '64 of wounds received May 12; tr. from Co. C 2nd N. J. John Moser, Co. A, Feb. 24 '64; dis. June 7 '65 for wounds received May 12 '64. Thomas McGarvey, Co. A, Dec. 19 '63; tr. to Co. D; dis. Apr. 13 '64 by medical board. Patrick Mullens, Co. A, Nov. 19 '63; tr. to Co. D; killed May 12 '64. John H. Mott, Co. 13, Jan. 5 '64; dis. Dec. 24 '64 for disease. John Moran, Co. D, Dec. 31 '63; killed May 12 '64. Mordecai Mott, Co. D, Dec. 29 '63; died of consumption June 9 '64, on furlough. William Myers, Co. I, Jan. 2 '64; died of disease at Ciiy Point, July I '64. John Ozenbaugh, Co. I, Dec. 29 '63; dis. Mar. 27 '64 for disease. Daniel A. Porter, Co. D, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. C; dis. Mar. 29 '64. Isaac Paddock, Co. K, Feb. 25 '64; tr. to Co. H 2nd N. J. June 2t '65. John Rouch, Co. A, Feb. 26 '64; deserted June 3 '64 at Cold Harbor. Edwin H. Reger, Co. C, Feb. 27 '64; killed May 12 '64. Ezekiel Rarick, Co. F, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. F 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Charles E. Smiley, Co. A, Feb. 24 '64; tr. to Co. F 2nd N. J. Charles B. Stewart, Co. A, Dec. 16 '63; tr. to Co. I; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. John C. Staats, Co. A, Jan. 6 '64; died at Andersonville Sept. 17 '64. Theodore Stamcts, Co. A, Feb. 24 '64; missing May 6 '64; supposed killed. Walter A. Sidener, Co. B, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. C; tr to Co. D 2nd N. J. June 28 '65. William F. Sidener, Co. B, Jan. 4 '64; killed May 12 '64. Mat- thias Sona, Co. C, Jan. 4 '64; died Sept. 19 '64, of wounds; tr. from Co. E 2nd. Samuel S. Str-ifford, Co. D, Dec. 31 '63; dis. Mch. 31 '64, by medical board. Guthrie Strat- ton, Co. D, Dec. 28 63; tr. to Co. I; dis. Mch. 27 '64. Lewis Stalter, Co. I, Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Amzi Straight, Co. K, Feb. 25 '64; tr. to Co. H 2nd N. J. June 2 1 '65. John Van Eiten, Co. A, Jan. 2 '64; tr. to Co. C; tr. to Co. D, 2nd N. J. John White, Co. A, Feb. 24 '64; dis. June 20 '65. Watson "Wintermuie, Co. A, Feb. 29 '64; tr. to Co. D; tr. to Co. I 2nd N. J. June 21 '65. Augustus Whitney, Co. A, Jan. 4 '64; died June 14 '64, of wounds received May 8 '64; tr. from Co. E 3d N. J. William A. Ward, Co. D, Dec. 29 '63; killed May 12 '64. Jacob Wireman, Co. L Jan. 4 '64; tr. to Co. E 2nd N. J. William Wilson, Co. K, Oct. g '63; died at Sandy Hook, Md., Sept. 4 '64, of wounds received Aug. 15 '64, at Strasburg, Va. Charles V. Young, Co. D, Jan. 13 '64; died iu ambulance June i '64. CHAPTER XVHL HISTORY OF THE 27TH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEER INFAN- TRY — THE CUMBERLAND RIVER DISASTER. *N accordance with the provisions of the act of July 22nd 1861 a draft of 10,478 nine-months men was made August 4th 1862 in this State, and the allotment for this county was, 650 men. The arrangements for the draft did not interfere with volunteering, and from Morris county companies were at once raised in this way for the 27tli regiment, viz.: Company B, Captain John T. Alexander, from Randolph and Washington; Com- pany C, Captain Nelson H. Drake, from Roxbury; Com- pany E, Captain August D. Blanchet, from Chatham, Hanover, etc.; Company G, Captain James Plant, from Pequannock; Company I, Captain Alfred H. Condict, from Morris and Chester; Company L, Captain Henry F. Willis, from Rockaway. George W. Mindel was colonel of the regiment. Au- gustus D. Blanchet was commissioned major September 23d 1862, being promoted from the captaincy of Com- pany E. J. Henry Stiger was assistant surgeon of this regiment, as also of the 33d. The regiment was mustered September 19th 1862, and left the State for Washington October loth 1862. On arriving there it encamped on Capitol Hill, and soon af- ter at Alexandria, where it was assigned to the 2nd bri- gade of Casey's division, defending Washington. On the ist of December it went to the front of the army of the Potomac, being assigned to the gih corps. In that con- nection it was engaged at Fredericksburg, December 13th and 14th 1862. In February 1863 the corps went to Newport News, Va., to meet a threatened movement of the enemy. In the following month the 27th was de- tached from the 9th. corps and sent to the west. On its way home after the expiration of its term it remained in Pittsburg and Harrisburg ten days to aid if needed in repelling Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania. The regiment was mustered out at Newark, N. J., July 2nd 1863. The principal loss of the regiment occurred May 6lli 1863, as related below substantially in the words of a member of the regiment, who wrote from near Somerset, Ky., four days after the affair: "Last Tuesday we received a lot of tents borrowed from a cavalry regiment. We had hardly pitched them when a most bountiful storm visited us, but my tentmates and myself were prudent men, for we built our house up- on a rock. The storm had just passed over when our adjutant ordered tents to be struck and line of march formed in fifteen minutes. In less than the allotted time the 27th was in line, ready for the word. The mud in the road was deep, and, as it is very 'unmilitary' to let down fences and walk on the sod, we splashed through it until about 3 o'clock p. m., when we encamped on a hill at whose foot flowed a splendid stream of clear cold water. Here Dayton and I fired a mammoth brush heap, by which we cooked our bacon, boiled our coffee, and dried our tents and blankets. " In the morning bright and early we started for the Cumberland River, a distance of thirteen miles. We reached its banks at 3 o'clock p. M. The means of ferrying us over was flat boats — or, rather, coal barges — thirty feet long. To prevent the boats being washed down by the current two ropes were stretched across like a letter V, the two uniting in one on the opposite shore. The means of propelling us consisted of six men placed in the bow of the boat, who would grab the rope, pull, let go and grab sgain. The upper rope was used by the infantry, while the artillery and transportation train were carried over by the lower boat. All the com- panies with the exception of parts of companies C, B, and L had passed over without accident. Fifty or sixty men were carried over at each trip. Captain Alexander was in command of Company L. The boat that contained these companies had reached within forty feet of the 07- 94 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. posite bank when the men at the bow lost hold of the rope and could not regain it. The boat started down stream, driven by a rapid current. The men became panic stricken and rushed to the opposite end of the boat, which caused it to sink, and in less time than it has taken me to write this account the whole boat-load was swept by the lower rope into the rapid Cumberland. Those who could swim were seized by the death grasp of those who could not swim. It was an awful sight. May God spare me from being again a spectator of such a scene. The men had on their cartridge boxes, filled with sixty rounds, and were fully armed, and equipped with tents, overcoats, blankets etc., which hindered many from sav- ing themselves. I saw Captain Alexander and Orderly Sergeant Wiggins go down. Company B lost three men. Company C nine and Companies L and A twenty. "After the accident we remained on the bank a day for the purpose of recovering the bodies that might float to our side of the river, as the rebels held the otber side." The following are rolls of the Morris county com- panies in the 27th. The men named entered the service for nine months, and as a rule were enrolled or com- missioned September 3d and mustered in September 19th 1862, and mustered out July 2nd 1863. The exceptions are indicated. COMPANY B. OFFICERS. Captains. — John T. Alexander, commissioned Sept. 6 '62, mustered Sept. 19 '62; drowned in Cumberland River, near Somerset, Ky., May 6 '63. Nathaniel K. Bray, commissioned and rnustered May 7 '63; appointed ist lieut. Co. D Sept. 3 '62. First Lieutenant. — Jacob M. Stewart, commissioned Sept. 6 '62; mustered Sept. 19 '62. Second Lieutenant. — George Hance, commissioned Sept. 6 '62; mustered Sept. ig '62. First Sergeant. — Theodore McEachron; appointed sergt. Sept. 3 '62; ist sergt. May 12 '63. Sergeants. — Morris H. Taylor, Jan. i '63; corp. Sept. 20 '62. Isaac Clark, Sept. 20 '62; corp. Sept. 3 '62. Frank Merchant, Jan. i '63; corp. Sept. 3 '62. Charles Min- gus. May 12 '63; corp. Sept. 3 '62. Corporals (with date of commission as such). — Samuel Smith, Sylvester C. Hulbert and Daniel K. Henderson, Sept. 20 '62. Henry B. Allen, Nov. 15 '62; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Joseph Hiler and William H. Ort, Feb. 7 '62,- John Johnson, March 2 '63. Alexander L. Mott, May 12 '63. Died. — Albert D. Wiggins, ist sergt.; drowned in Cumberland River, near Somerset, Ky., May 6 '63. PRIVATES. Jacob Abers (musician). Peter K Abers (wagoner). Henry B. Anthony. Moses Beach. Theodore Beam. George Bolton; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. William Bon- nell. Joseph and William Bournan. Thomas S. Boyd. Samuel P. Broadwell. Isaac H. Burnett. Francis Cain. Johnson Clark. Charles Conrad. James Convey; must- ered in Oct. 16 '62. Charles Y. and Lewis H. Cook. David E. and Ira C. Cooper. John B Crane and Peter Cruyse; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. David Davenport. Cyrus and Martin Dixon. Patrick Donahue; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. David Eagles. Ezekiel A. Frace. Hud- son H. Gillen. Henry Hann. Joseph S. Hart. An- drew Hockenbury. Lemuel and Mannus Hoffman. Leonard N. Howell. George W. Hulburt; appointed sergt. Sept. 3 '62; private Jan. i '63. John H. Kaun- miller. Nathaniel Lawrence. George D. and James H. Losey. Andrew J. and James H. Miller. F. P. and Thomas A. Moore. Theodore F. Mott; appointed sergt. Sept. 3 '62; private Jan. i '6^,. Alfred and Samuel Nunn. Daniel Parks. David L. Powers. George W. Sayre, musician. John and William Schuyler. James Seguine. John Shawger; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Erastus H. Sofield. Jacob B. Swayze; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Jacob J. Tallman. David A. Trowbridge. Garrett Vandroof. Peter Vanderveer; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Whitfield H. Voorhees. Leonard F. Wack. George H. Wolfe. Samuel A. Wolfe; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Hiram C. Woods. George H. and Ira W. Young. Discharged (for disability). — James Nunn; dis. Mar. 16 '63; appointed corp. Sept. 3 '62; private Nov. i '62. William Pulis, mustered in Oct. 16 '62; dis. Feb. 2 '63. George W. Shaffer, mustered in Oct. 16 '62; dis. Mar. 27 '63. David Squires; dis. Nov. 16 '62. James L. Talmadge; dis. Jan. 17 '()t,. Gabriel Tebo, mustered in Oct. t6 '62; dis. Jan. 5 '63. Died. — Erastus Brant, mustered in Oct. 16 '62; drowned in Cumberland River, near Somerset, Ky., May 6 '63. William Daly; at Newport News, Va., Feb. 20 '63. Wil- liam D. Hopler; of typhoid fever, at Aquia Creek, Va., II '63. Daniel D. Tuttle; of typhoid fever, at Washing- ton, D. C, Mar. i 'G^. COMPANY C. OFFICERS. Captains. — Nelson H. Drake, commissioned Sept. 6 and mustered Sept. 19 '62; resigned Oct. 13 '(it,. David S. Allen, commissioned Oct. 14 and mustered Oct. 24 '62; appointed 2nd lieut. Sept. 6 '62. First Lieutenant. — Ferdinand V. Wolfe, commissioned Sept. 6 and mustered Sept. 19 '62. Second Lieutenants. — Robert W. Simpson, commissioned Oct. 14 and mustered Oct. 24 '62; formerly sergt. Co. H 2nd N. J.; pro. ist lieut. Co. K Dec. 23 '62. Henry A. McLaughlin, commissioned and mustered Dec. 23 '62; ist sergt. 3 '62; resigned Mar. 9 '(st,. Isaac Bonnell jr., commissioned Mar. 10 '63; formerly ist sergt. Co. D; prom, ist lieut. Co. D May 7 '63. George W. Price, commissioned and mustered May 7 '63; formerly ist sergt. Co. D. First Sergeant. — Thomas Ripley, appointed Jan. 1 '63; sergt. Sept. 3 '62. SergeantsX^-nxoWt^ Sept. 3 and mustered Sept. 19 '62). — Thomas L. King. Abram Skinner, appointed sergt. Apr. 24 '63. Thomas Canar, sergt. Jan. i '63; previously corp. Abram Magee, sergt. Jan. i '63; tr. from Co. F. Theodore Neighbour, appointed corp. Dec. i '62; sergt. Jan. I '63; pro. sergt. major Apr. 20 '63. Corporals (enrolled Sept. 3 and mustered Sept. 19 '62; appointed corp. at the date following their names).— Daniel Van Fleet, Apr. 24 '63. Marcus R. Meeker. Joseph Allen. Sherwood Culver, May 7 '()t,. William K. Caskey. David W. Welsh. Henry Salmon, Jan. i '63. Arthur Edner, Apr. 16 '62. i?/!?^.— Corporal Augustus W. Salmon, of direase, at Fairfax Seminary, Va., Nov. 30 '62. Corporal Charles Stephens, drowned in Cumberland River, Ky., May 6' 63. PRIVATES. Morris Aider. John L. Allen. Daniel P. Apgar. Edward S. Apgar. Jacob Appleget. James Arnet. David and Philip Beam. Peter Bird jr. Robert H. and William Blair. Mi- chael Brisland, mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Henry Case wagoner. Frederick S. Clawson. D. Judson Cook; pro! hospital steward Jan. i '63. Morris Coss; tr. from Com- ROLLS OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH N. J. VOLUNTEERS. 95 pany A. Joseph K. Davis. Lee Davis; appointed sergt. Sept. 3 '62; private Jan. i '63. Marcus R. De Camp. John M. Dickerson. Zachariah D. Drake. Louis Fancher. David Fhike. Nathan C. French. Jacob Gess. Benjamin P. Jackson. John W. Jackson. Joseph W. Jones. George A. Lawrence. George R. Leport. Eliphalet Lyon. Robert McPhersop. Jesse Miller. Henry Niper. Thomas Patterson. Patrick Pepper. Stephen Pierson. Ezekiel Rarick. Thomas Reed. Edwin H. and Elisha E. Reger. Samuel M. Rheinhart. Jetur A. Riggs, corp. Sept. 3 '62; private Oct. 16 '62. Samuel Sharp. Charles and John Spencer. Elias H. Stephens. Peter Stump. David W. Thomas. George S. Trimmer. William Weire. Thomas Wilson. Alexander S. and John C. Woodruff. Charles Woolverton. Jacob W. Yauger. Discharged for Disalii/ity.^Anthony Hayward, at New York, Feb. 18 '63. John Hilts, at Washington, Mar. 10 '63. Elijah Niper, at New York, Jan. 9 '63... Died (where not otherwise stated, drowned in the Cumberland River, as related on page 93). — Joseph R. Arch, of disease, at Washington, Feb. 9 '63. Frederick Cratsley, of disease, at Somerset, Ky., May 31 '63. Ed- ward Dolen. Alonzo J. Jackson, of laryngitis, at Wash- ington, Mar. 17 '63. John B. McPeak. George W. Sovereign, of typhoid fever, at Washington, Jan. 27 '63. Amos G. Stephens. Benjamin Stoney. Andrew J. Willetts. Martin V. B. Williamson, of disease, at Wash- ington, Mar. 7 '63. Matthias Williamson, of disease, at Wheeling, West Va., June 19 '63. Andrew J. Youngs. COMPANY E. OFFICERS. Captains. — Augustus D. Blanchet, commissioned Sept. 3 and mustered Sept. 19 '62; pro. major Sept. 23 '62. Hudson Kitchel, commissioned Oct. i and mustered Oct. 16 '62; 2nd lieut. Sep. 3 '62; resigned Nov. 12 '62. George W. Crane, commissioned and mustered Nov. 11 '62; ist lieut. Sept. 4 '62. First Lieutenants. — Edward S. Baldwin, Nov. 11*62; pro. capt. Co. K Dec. 23 '62; 2nd lieut. Co. K Sept. 13 '62. James Peters, Dec. 23 '^2; 2nd lieut. Co. F Sept. II '62. Second Lieutenants.— Hzy'iA B. Muchmore, commis- sioned Oct. I and mustered Oct. 16 '62; dis. March i "63, for disability; ist sergt. Sept. 3 '62. Edward W. Schofield, Mar. i '6y, sergt. Sept. 3 '62; ist sergt. Oct. 16 '62. First Sergeant.— K. H. Mulford, Mar. i '6y, sergt. Sept 3 '62. Sergeants. — Robert A. Halliday, Oct. 16*62; previously corp. John W. Brown. Philip M. Thompson. James Vannia, Mar. i '63; previously corp. Corporals. — Elias H. Carter. William H. Hyland. Thomas Woods; appointed Oct. 16 '62. Matthias Bur- nett. George M. Tuttle, Michael Cummings and Charles Noonan, appointed March i '63, Albert T. Tappan, dis. for disability, at Portsmouth Grove, R. I., March 19 '63. John H. Eldridge, dis. for disability, at Philadelphia, Jan. 29 '63. PRIVATES. John Ahrens; mustered in Oct. i6 '62. Louis Bassett. John M. Beach. Daniel Berry. Samuel J. Betts. Charles Brant. Manning C. Broadwell. Joseph L. Bryan. David Burr. Harman Ciscoe. Henry S. Clark. John Daily. Thomas Doyle. John Eakley. Hercules Edwards. Lewis Etsell. Theodore F. Garrison. Wil- liam Garrison. Barnabas C. Goucher. Lewis F. Greg- ory. Ezra P. Gulick. Bruno Hagg. Samuel L. Hop- kins. Moses W. Johnson. Warren S. Kelly. William Kincaid. Jared L. Kitchel, musician. Thomas Knowles. Lemuel Lawrence; died of typhoid fever, at Newport News, Va., March 19 '63. William Lockwood. John A Lyon. Samuel Magee. Daniel Maher. John McNeal. Michael Mohair. Benjamin C. Morris. Jared C. Morris. Sylvester W. Morris. James Noonan. John O'Brien. William H. O'Neill. Jacob Ortell. Samuel Par- sons, wagoner. Jacob Phoenix; corp. Sept. 3 '62; private Oct. i '62. Ion Rawlins. William H. Rick- ley. Philip Ryan. Ralph G. Schenck. George W. Shelly. Patrick Sheridan. Robert Smith. Elijah T. Squier. Aranon M. Stanford. Frederick Stein- hauser. Andrew J. Taylor. John M. Taylor. Henry D. Todd. Theodore D. Tompkins. David E. Totten. Charles H. Tunis; corp. Sept. 3 '62; private Oct. I '62. Harvey Tunis. Alexander Vandonia, mu- sician. Edmond Van Orden. Joseph H. Vreeland. James, John and Patrick Walsh. Luther T. Ward. John H. Whitehead. Lewis C. Wood. Charles Young. Discharged for Disability. — Nathaniel Haycock, at Washington, Feb. 27 '63. Ebenezer F. Lockwood, at Portsmouth Grove, R. L, March 19 '63. Peter Rawson, at Fairfax Seminary, Va., Dec. i '62. Hugh Wylie, at Washington, Jan. 26 '63. COMPANY G. OFFICERS. Captain. — James Plant, commissioned Sept. i '62. First Lieutenant. — George S. Esten, commissioned Sept. I '62. Second Lieutenants. — George Anthony, commissioned Sept. I '62; resigned Dec. 22 '62. Joseph A. Proctor; commissioned and mustered Dec. 23 '62; sergt. Sept. 3 '62. First Sergeants. — George Forbes; pro. 2nd lieut. Co. F Dec. 23 '62. Emmett L. Ellithorp; sergt. Sept. 3 '62; ist sergt. Dec. 23 '62; 2nd lieut. Co. K Jan. 15 '63. George Carlough; Jan. 15 '63; sergt. Sept. 3 *62. Sergeants (all but the last appointed corporals Sept. 3 '63). — George W. D. Courter and Obadiah S. Parker, Dec. 23 '62. Charles Brezette, Feb. i *63. David Dawson. Corpo)-als. — Thomas T. Richards. Gabriel Parrott. Elijah B. Hamma. James H. Doremus. Cornelius H. Van Ness. George Gleason and Paul H. Mandeville, appointed corp. Dec. 23 '62. Thomas H. Northwood; prom. corp. Feb. i '63' PRIVATES. Joseph Bajoe. S. Y. Baldwin. Charles E. Blowers. Dennis Brown. Stephen Carman. David E. and Ed- ward Conklin. Asa, George S. and James H. Cook. Stephen A' Cooper. John W. Crane, musician. George B. Cummins. John K. Darrah. Hudson Davenport, Eli B. Dawson, musician. Peter Dempsey. Jeremiah Doremus. James Dwyer. Mark Evarts jr. Erastus Fields. John Filleo, John W. Fredericks. Robert Galloway. Peter J. and William Gould. John Grady. Henry J. Hill. Joseph and Joshua Hillas. Daniel Hines. James Holly. William Husk. A. R. and Gar- rett Jacobus. Cornelius H. and William H. Kayhart. Napolean Laflam, wagoner. John Lepard. Conrad Lines. Charles E. Looker. Lyman Mandeville. Edward McConnell. George McNeal. George and John Morgan, John, John H. and Joseph H. Myers. Louis Paradise. William P. Parrott. Joseph Peare. Peter Pero. Abra- ham Pierson. John J. Provost. Samuel Reeves. George Richardson. Michael Schaaf. Henry Shinehouse. John Stillwell. John and Thompson Taylor. Eugene Valley. u 96 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. George G., Henry G., Martin B. and Richard H, Van Duyne. Henry J. Vanness. John H. Van Riper. John Walley. John and William Whitten. William Worman. John M. Yatman. Discharged. — William H. Conklin, May 28 '63, for dis- ability. William H. Davenport, April 10 '63, for chronic rheumatism. John U. Jacobus, March 12 '63, for disa- bility. Died. — Abraham Cooper, of consumption, at Washing- ton, Jan. 3 '63. Richard C. Hyler, of consumption, near Stanford, Ky., April 25 '63. Alfred Miller, of inflamma- tion of the lungs, at Fairfax Seminary, Va., Nov. 8 '62. Louis Robere, of consumption, at Fortress Monroe, Va., April 6 '63. COMPANY I. OFFICERS. Captain. — Alfred H. Condict; commissioned Sept. 4 '62. First Lieutenants. — Peter Churchfield; commissioned Sept. 4 '62; resigned April 19 '63. David H. Ayres; commissioned and mustered April 20 '63; 2nd lieut. Sept. 4 '62. Second Lieutenant. — John H. Medcraft; commissioned and mustered April 20 'dy, sergt. major Sept. 19 '62. First Sergeant. — J. Warren Kitchel. Sergeants. — Charles T. Borland. David R. Emmons jr. William Van Houten. Stephen Pierson; mustered in Oct. 16 '62; Corp. Sept. 3 '62; sergt. Nov. i '62; 2nd lieut. Co. D March 4 '63. Corporals. — Jacob W. Searing. Amzi A. Beach. Walter Condict; pro. corp. Nov. 15 '62. James L. Willi- son. Charles A. Sutton. Theodore L. Cory. George L. McDowell. PRIVATES. Peter Ammerman. David Baird. Lewis A. and Wil- liam A. Bedell. James Booth. Thomas Bowman. Jo- seph G. Carpenter. Peter Carroll. Martin T. Clawson. Charles L. Clement; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. John Cody. Stephen Cooper. Henry H. Corwin. Caleb A. Cory. A. L. De Hart. Henry H. Emmons. Benjamin P. Ford. Chileon Goble. Lucius P Harmas, musician. William L. Hathaway. John G. Hempstead, wagoner. William Hodgson. William K. Hoffman. John T. Hor- ton. George P. Howard. William F. Jacobus; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Lewis Johnson. Edward C. Jolly. Abraham M. Langes. Charles G. Loree. Cyrus Lyons. Patrick Maloney. Simon Marcell; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Frank H. McGoldrich. Newton A. Merritt. Wil- liam Moneypenny. Samuel and William H. Moore. William Morland. David Paul. William H. Percy. Eben N. and George H. Pierson. Amos and Edw'ard W. Pruden. Aaron Ralph. George W. Redding. Theodore F. Reeve; mustered in Oct. 16 '62. John Sanders. Thomas Scudder. James S. Skellenger. Samuel K. Smack. C. F. Smack; musician. Amos and Philip Smith. James S. and Seymour Teets. William Thomas. John H. and Stephen Totten. Joseph Trow- bridge. William J. Turner. Elijah Van Duyne. H. L. and Samuel E. Whitenack. Charles Williams. George N. Willis. Henry Witkoff. William Wortman. John D. Wyckoff. John Zimmerman. Discharged (for disability). — Theodore H. Egbert, June 19 'd'i. Gershom W. Gillum, Mar. 17 '63. John A. Hopkins, Feb. 6 'dT,. Andrew Morris, June ig '63. John T. Reed, Feb. 23 'dT,. Theodore L. Van Dorn, May 22 'dT,. Peter B. Whitenack, Nov. 30 '62. Died. — John Cogan, of apoplexy, March 23 'd-^, at Baltimore. Stephen Doty, of small pox, at Washington, Apr. 17 '63. W. H. H. Hames, of typhoid fever, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Mar. 7 'dj,. Harvey G. Howell, of bron- chitis, at Washington, Feb. 16 '63. William Sargeant, of congestion of the brain, at Portsmouth Grove, R. I., Feb. 28, '63. COMPANY L. OFFICERS. Captains. — Henry F. Willis; commissioned Sept. 2, '62; mustered Sept. 22 '62; pro. major May i '63. Jacob McConnell; commissioned and mustered May i '63; appointed 2nd lieut. Co. K, Nov. 11 '62; ist lieut. Jan. IS '63. First Lieutenants. — Stephen H. Marsh; commissioned Sept. 2 '62; mustered Sept. 22 '62; pro. capt. Co. F, Jan. 15, '63. Joseph C. Bower; commissioned and mus- tered May I '63; 2nd lieut. Sept. 2 '62. Second Lieutenant. — Henry Lumsden ; enrolled and mustered May i 'dy, ist sergt. Sept. 3 '62. First Sergeant. — Lemuel C. Smith, May i '63; sergt. Sept. 3 '62. Sergeants (all but the first appointed corporal Sept. 3 '62). — Barnabas K. Hall. Thomas A. Zeak, Jan. 20 'dy William G. Mitchell, May i '63. John D. Allison, June 8-63. Corporals. — David H. Gardner. Jacob H. Blanchard, Mar. I '63. George R. Todd. David Degraw, Mar. 15 '63. Morris H. Shauger, Apr. 8 '63. William H. Daven- port, May I '63. Miller Smith and Wilmot D. Wear, June 8 '63. Discharged. — Jacob Van Winkle, corp., for disability. Mar. 10 'dT,. Died. — James M. Freeman, sergt., of typhoid fever, at Hickman's Bridge, Ky., June 8 '63. William Howell, Corp., of typhoid fever, at Baltimore, Apr. 1 1 '63. PRIVATES. Manning Blanchard. Jonathan Brannin. James Col- ligan. Owen Conley, mustered in Oct. 16 '62. James H. Crane. Edward Davenport. David Davis. James Gallagher. Abram L. Gordon. John Hamilton. Lewis Hamilton, mustered in Oct. 16 '62. C. H. Hopping, wagoner. Frederick F. Hulmes. Benjamin F. Knapp. Theodore H. Marsh. Edwin P. Merritt, musician. William C. Mills. John W. Morgan. Harrison Morse. Phineas B. Myers. John Partington. Calvin, Hezekiah and Peter Peer. Manning R. Roll. John Rowe. Wil- liam H. Savacool. Amos Sayre, musician. Thaddeus B. Schofield. William Scribner. William W. Shauger. Moses E. Smith, mustered in Oct. 16 '62. Thomas D. Smith. John Spear. Levi R. Stickle. Jacob Switzer! Andrew J. Tuers. John Vanderbilt jr. Anthony Van Orden. Lewis Ward. Charles W. Winget. Discharged {lor disability). — Abner Bastedo, Apr. 7 '63. Cyrus Demouth, Mar. 2 '63. James D. Kitchel, Dec. i '62. Nicholas Lash, June 19 '63. Anthony F. Snover, Feb. 22 '63. Caleb Winget, June 19 '63. Gilbert Zeak, Dec. I '61. Died. — Gideon Bastedo and Joseph Class, drowned in Cumberland River, Ky., May 6 '63. James H. Collard, of typhoid fever, at Washington, Jan. 8 '63. Joseph Degraw, of dysentery, near Stanford, Ky., May 2 '63. Lemuel Degraw and Jesse Demouth, drowned in Cum- berland River, Ky., May 6 'dy Thomas Demouth, of typhoid fever, at Washington, Jan. 26 'dy William Demouth, of chronic diarrhoea, near Newport News Va. Mar. I '63. John Denike, of pneumonia, at Fortress Monroe, Va., Mar. 31 '63. James H. Fuller and Levi O. Green, drowned in Cumberland River, Ky., May 6 '6^. William Haycock, of chronic diarrhea, near Newport " EMERGENCY MEN "—CO. K FIRST N. J. VOLUNTEERS. 97 News, Va., Mar 15 '63. Henry Kanouse, of pleurisy, near Stanford, Ky., Mar. 20 '63. John McCloskey. Barnabas K. Miller, Edward Nichols, William Ockobock, Thomas Odell, James O'Neil, Rolson Peer, Wilson Pit- tenger, Eliakim Sanders, George Shauger, James Shaw, Samuel H. Smith, and William H. Weaver, drowned in Cumberland River, Ky., May 6 '63. CHAPTER XIX. DRAFTINC EMERGENCY MEN — COMPANY K 1ST N. J. — COMPANY I 33D N. J. 'UGUST 15th 1863 there was an allotment made of the draft; 3,026 white and loi colored men were required in the county. Some changes and credits were afterward made, and the number finally drawn was 611, divided as follows: Morris 44, Pequan- nock 45, Chatham 64, Hanover 86, Randolph 4, Mendham 21, Chester 14, Jefferson 45, Roxbury 91, Washington 74, Rockaway 123. In February 1865 there were 333 men to be drafted for, but before the draft was completed the victory before Petersburg caused the order of April 13th that drafting should cease. March 26th 1864 Captain D. H. Ayers, who had served in the 27th and had been recruiting for the 33d, had filled a company for the 5th N. J. to the minimum number. He was mustered as captain in that regiment, April 13 th 1864. May 2nd 1864 a new company of "home guards" was organized at Morristown— Captain Fred. Dellicker, First Lieutenant Horace Ayers, Second Lieutenant D. D. Craig. June 15th 1863, the rebel army having invaded Mary- land, and then threatening Harrisburgh, Governor Cur- tin of Pennsylvania called upon the governors of the the neighboring States for aid. June 17th Governor Parker called for volunteers from this State, and ten companies of 30-day men volunteered for the " Pennsyl- vania emergency.'' A company was raised in Morris county, known as Company E N. J. militia. Captain George Gage, which was enrolled and mustered June 27th and discharged July 24th. It went to Harrisburgh and remained there until the victory of Gettysburg ren- dered its stay no longer necessary. The following is a roll of the company: George Gage, captain; William A. Halstead, first lieu- tenant; J. E. Parker, second lieutenant; James L. Marsh, first sergeant; D. W. Tunis, John T. Kent, John C. Smith and John W. Phoenix, sergeants; James M. Bon- sall, Charles F. Axtell, George McKee, Joseph H. Tillyer, George Vanhouten, L. D. Babbitt, James Allen and Lyman B. Dellicker, corporals ; Elwyn Bentley and Charles H. Green, musicians; Erastus D. Allen, George W. Anthony, George F. Ballentine, Jabez Beers, Andrew Bennett, D. W. Bowdisb, Edward P. Brewster, George Brewster, Charles Burns, E. F. Cavanagh, Francis Childs, William Cook, S. B. Cooper, Marcus F. Crane, John S. and John N. De Hart, Aaron S. Degroot, Galin Egbert, William C. Emmett, Barnard Finegan, Arthur Ford, Edwin D. and Robert Green, Charles M. HoUoway, George H. Hutchinson, David Lewis, John Ross, James D. Stevenson, George E. Voorhees, George H. Welch- man, Robert Wighton, C. H. Wilson, Job Wright, James C. Youngblood. While Captain Gage's company of militia was absent in Pennsylvania a " peace meeting " was held on Morris green, which was addressed by Chauncey Burr and others. During the speaking news of the victories of Vicksburg and Gettysburg arrived, and the meeting dispersed in confusion. A large loyal meeting was held in the same place the same evening to celebrate the victories of the eastern and western armies. COMPANY K ist N. J. The same month two companies were recruited for the ist N. J., then in the field — Company G (Captain Ed- ward Bishop, First Lieutenant Daniel Dillen, Second Lieutenant Daniel L. Hutt) and Company H (Captain Richard Foster, First Lieutenant George Carlough, Sec- ond Lieutenant William Miller). As separate companies these men did not enter the service, but from them a new company was formed, under Captain Foster, which joined the ist N. J. as Company K in January 1864, in time to serve honorably and suffer severely in the " bat- tle summer," and to be in at the death. The company organization was disbanded at Cold Harbor, June 4th 1864, and the men were transferred to Companies K and F 4th N. J. The following is the muster roll of the company: OFnCERS. Captain. — Richard Foster; wounded at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12 '64; died in hospital at Washington, June ^5 '64- First Lieutenant. — William Muir; honorably m. o. Aug. 9 '64. Second Lieutenant. — William Milnor; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 2 '64; dis. for disability. Sergeants. — Jacob L. Hutt (ist); tr. and reduced to the ranks in Co. K 4th N. J., June 4 '64; pro. ist lieut. Co. C 4th N. J., and assigned command of the ist bat.; pro. Capt. Co. A ist bat.; m. o. June 29 '65. William O. Smith; tr. and reduced to the ranks in Company K 4th N. J., June 4 '64. Samuel M. Mattox; in general hos- pital from Mar. 25 '64; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. and re- duced to the ranks. Samuel J. Nixon; missing at Spott- sylvania, Va., May 12 '64. Robert Galloway; tr. and re- duced to the ranks in Co. K 4th N. J. Corporals. — Richard H. Van Duyne (ist); wounded at Spottsylvania May 12 '64; died in hospital. William Jones; wounded at the Wilderness May 6 '64. John Whitten; killed at Spottsylvania May 12 '64. John B. Magee; wounded in the Wilderness May 5 '64. James McGory; killed in Wilderness May 6 '64. Anton Hubler; dis. for disability Mar. 18. John A. Peer; wounded in the Wilderness May 5 '64. Edward McConnel; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. PRIVATES. John Agen; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. James H. R. Ap- 98 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. gar; missing at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Ebenezer Apgar; wounded at Cold Harbor, June i '64. George Adair and Joseph Anson; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Jeter R. Auey; missing at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Thomas Beddon, com. clerk, and Dennis Brown, missing; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 9 '64. John Bowers; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 10 '64. Robert Beam; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 2 '64. John H. Beaman; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64. Jacob Z. Berry; rejected by examining board at Woolford Ford, Va. Edward Carty; wounded at the Wilderness, May 5 '64. Patrick Carey; killed at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. James Casey; detailed in ambulance corps. Abraham C. Conover; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 10 '64. John E. and Thomas H. Cook; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64; latter died. James H. Crane; killed at the Wilder- ness, May 5 '64. John W. Crane, drummer; absent, sick, from May 4 '64. George Crawford; killed at the Wilderness, May 5 '64. Peter Cassidy, Michael Cum- mings, Horace Dodd and William Drenner, tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Thomas G. Davis; killed at the Wilderness, May 5 '64. Samuel N. Ellsworth and Samuel T. Ellicks; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Henry Fitzinger; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Michael Fitzimmonds and John W. Ford; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. William W. Gearey; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Mil- berry Grandon and George Hilbert; deserted at Camp Perrin, Trenton, N. J., Feb. i '64. Jacob H. Hamma; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Thomas Headland; wounded at Cold Harbor, June i '64. Ezra H. Hile; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64. Charles A. Hughson; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64; died in general hospital. Leonard N. Howell; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64. James W. Howell; missing at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Patrick Healey; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Emmanuel Holman and Peter Jackson; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. John Kelley; missing at Spottsyl- vania, May 12 '64. Daniel Knott; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 2 '64. Jacob S. Kunckle; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Jonathan P. Loree; wounded at Spott- sylvania, May 12 '64; died of wounds May 30 '64. Charles Munn; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. James Milner; missing at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Henry Maynard; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Daniel Mc- Henry; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. James McLucky; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 4 '64. Thomas Murphy; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. John Miller; missing at Spottsylvania, May 9 '64; died in Anderson- ville prison. George Nix; wounded at the Wilderness, May 5 '64; died in general hospital. Peter O'Conner and Jaremiah Oliver; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Clifton Peer; absent, sick, from March 26 '64. Thomas Ryan; wounded at the Wilderness, May 5 '64. Peter Rawson; absent, sick, from March 25 '64. Bernard Riley; wound- ed at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Anthony Robertson; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Mortimer Roberts; wounded and taken prisoner at the Wilderness, May 6 '64; died in prison. Martin Siver; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. Hiram Siver; wounded at Cold Harbor, June 2 '64. Patrick Sheridan; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64. Michael Slam; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J.; killed at Winchester, Aug. 17 '64. Garret C. Smith; detailed in pioneer corps. Robert Smith; wounded at Spottsyl- vania, May 12 '64. John L. Stagg; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Garret Speer; absent, sick, in general hospital. Fordham 0. Schuyler; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Charles Schuyler; missing at the Wilderness, May 5 '64. John Smith ; deserted at Woodford's Ford, Va., Feb. 19. Nelson Teets; wounded at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. John Tice; absent, sick, from March i. Patrick Toole and John H. Tucker; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Peter Tur- ner and Ward Vanderhoof; absent, sick, from May 4. William S. Van Fleet; wounded at Spottsylvania, May 12 '64; died of wounds in general hospital. Cornelius R. Van Voorhees; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. Richard Vincent; missing at the Wilderness, May 6 '64. John Van Ordeh; absent, sick, from May 4. Manning Wear and Henry Whitten; tr. to Co. K 4th N. J. William A. Wright; absent, sick, from May 5. RECAPITULATION. Killed in action, 7; died from wounds, 12; wounded and survived, 30; missing in action, 8; absent, sick, 10; discharged for disability, i; deserted, 3; total, 71. Commissioned officers, 3; enlisted men, 99; total, 102; deduct 71; total for duty, 31. The following is a list of battles in which this company was engaged. All were fought in Virginia, and all before Hatcher's Run in 1864: Wilderness, May 5-7; Spottsylvania, May 8-10; Spott- sylvania Court-house, May 12-16; North and South Anna River, May 24; Hanover Court-house, May 29; Tolo- potomy Creek, May 30; Cold Harbor, June i-io: Before Petersburg (" Weldon Railroad"), June 23; Snicker's Gap, July 18; Strasburg, Aug. 15; Winchester, Aug. 17; Charlestown, Aug. 21; Opequan Creek, Sept. 19; Fisher's Hill, Sept. 21, 22; New Market, Sept. 24; Mount Jack- son, Sept. 25; Cedar Creek and Middletown, Oct. 19; Hatcher's Run, Feb. 5; Fort Steedman, Mar. 25; Cap- ture of Petersburg, Apr. 2; Sailor's Creek, Apr. 6; Farm- villc, Apr. 7; Lee's surrender, Appomattox, Apr. 9. COMPANY I OF THE 33d N. J. volunteer infantry was chiefly composed of Morris county men. The colonel was George W. Mindel. Wil- liam H. Lambert was adjutant for about six months from July 13th 1863, and was succeeded by Stephen Pierson. The regiment was mustered in at Newark, by com- panies, in August and September 1863, for three years or the war, and left the State September 8th for Washington. It soon marched into Virginia, and encamped at Warren- ton. Here it was assigned to the nth corps, and re- mained until September 25th, when the corps started for the west, to become a part of the Army of the Cumber- land. It 1864 it went " marching through Georgia" with Sherman. The engagements in which it took part were as follows: Chattanooga, Tenn., November 23d 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 24th and 25th 1863; Mill Creek Gap, Ga., May 8th 1864; Resaca, Ga., May 15th and 16th 1864; New Hope Church, Ga., May 2Sth to June ist 1864; Pine Knob, Ga., June 15th and i6th 1864; Muddy Creek, Ga., June 17th and i8th 1864; Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 22nd 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27th 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20th 1864; Siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 22nd to September 2nd 1864; Siege of Savannah, Ga., December iith-2ist 1864; Averys- boro, N. C, March i6th 1865; Bentonville, S. C, March i8th-2oth 1865. The following is a roll of Company I: OFFICERS. Where not otherwise mentioned in the following para- graphs the officers of Company I were enrolled or com- COMPANY I THIRTY-THIRD N. J. VOLUNTEERS. 99 missioned at the dates immediately following their names; mustered in August 29th 1863, for three years' service, and mustered out July 7th 1865. Captain. — Samuel F. Waldron, Aug. 29 '63; killed at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 23 '63. Nathaniel K. Bray; commissioned Dec. 20 '63; mustered Jan. i '64; pro. major April'4 '65. Joseph P. Couse, commissioned April 4 '65; mustered April 29 '65; appointed ist lieut. Co. A Sept 25 '64. First Lieutenant. — J. Warren Kitchel; commissioned Aug. 22 '63. Second Lieutenants. — Francis Child; wounded July 20 '64; pro. ist lieut. Co. B Sept. 25 '64. Orlando K. Guerin; commissioned Nov. i '64; mustered Jan. 26 '65; appointed Q. M. sergt. Sept. 5 '63; transferred to Com- pany C; died in 1881. William L. Geary; commissioned May 16 '65; not mustered; brevetted capt. U. S. Mar. 13 '65- First Sergeants. — John C. Smith, Aug. 13 '63; pro. ist lieut. Co. AJune6 '64. Theodore Manee, Jan. i'65; sergt. Aug. 24 '63. Sergeants. — James Connor, July i '64; corp. Aug. 20 '6-3. Thomas Shephard, Apr. i '65; previously corp.; dis. May 3 '65. George Hager, Apr. i '65; corp. Aug. 18 '63. Peter Dienen, May i '65; corp. Aug. 24 '63. Levi Smith, enrolled Feb.i6 '64; corp.; sergt. Jan. i '65; dis. May 3 '65. Corporals. — Edward Blake, Aug. 22 '63. Martin Dol- phin, Aug. 25 '63. John Phillips; enrolled Aug, 27 '63; corp. Apr. i '65. Michael Stager; enrolled Aug. 28 '6y, corp. May i '65. Frederick W. Studdiford; enrolled May 4 '64; corp. May i '65; tr. from Co. K. John M. Bennett; enrolled Aug. 22 '63; corp. May i '65. James A. Burr, Sept. 6 '64, for i year; corp. Jan. i '65; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Discharged. — William R. Frazer, sergt.; enrolled Aug. 27 '63; dis. Mar. 31 '65, for disbility. Transferred. — Theodore F. Rogers, sergt.; enrolled Aug. 10 '63; tr. to V. r. c. Mar. 15 '65; dis. July 18 '65. Charles Fengar; enrolled Aug. 23 '63; tr. to v. r. c. Died. — David Russell, sergt.; enrolled Aug. 4 '63; died of disease at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 8 '64. John McArdle, corp.; enrolled Aug. 18 'by, killed at Pine Knob, Ga., June 16 '64. PRIVATES. The first date following these names is the date of en- rollment; the second, if any, that of muster-in; in most cases they were the same. The figure following the date indicates the number of years for which the man enlisted. The men were mustered out in June or July 1865. William R. Adams, musician, Aug. 10 '63, 3. James Allen, Aug. 12 '62,, 3; Aug. 23 '63; prom. com. sergt. Sept. 5 '6t,. John Anys, Jan. 9 '64, 3; Jan. 11 '64; dis. May 3 '65. George F. Ballentine, Aug. 10 '67,, 3; Aug. 29 '63. William Bannon, Aug. 4 '6t„ Aug. 29 '63; dis. May 12 '65. Lawrence Bergen, corp., Aug. 26 '63, 3; private June 25 '65. Daniel Berry, Sept. 6 '64, i; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Charles Bird, Oct. 27 '64, i. George Bowen, Apr. 13 '65, i; dr.; dis. May 3 '65. Lionel Brooks, May 4 '64, 3. Milton Brooks, Feb. 8 '64, 3. Jefferson Brutzman, Oct. 11 '64, i; tr. from Co. B. J. A. Burr. C. H. Chapman, Sept. 7 '64, i; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Samuel D. Coombs, Aug. 21 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Samuel P. Davis; Apr. 11 '65, i. Peter Degraw; Dec. 29 '63, 3; tr. from Co. E. Christopher Devine, corp.; Aug. 25 '63; private June 28 '65. Thomas Dough- erty; Aug. 29 '63. Evan B. Edmunds; Apr. 12 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65. Horace B. Fletcher; Sept. 13 '64, i; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Mark Fobs, Aug. 28 '6y 3; musician. Barnabas C. Goucher; Nov. 24 '6y, Dec. 5 '6t„ 3; dis; May 4 '65. John W. Green, Aug. 25 '63, Aug. 29 '62,, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Michael Haggerty; Aug. 22 '62,, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Thomas Hayden; Aug. 29 '63, 3. dis. May 3 '65. Hugh Hefferman; Feb. 21 '65, i; transferred from Co. B. FredericK Holland; Aug. 25 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3. James Johnson, Sept. 23 '64, i; dis. April 28 '65. Henry F. Jones; Aug. 26 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. William Kaine; Jan. 17 '65, i. Nathaniel Kiser; Sept. 7 '64, i; dis. April 28 '65. Jo- seph Lang; Oct. 15 '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. John Lein- inger; Oct. 18 '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. Abraham Lynn; Aug. 1 8 '63, Aug. 29 '6y 3. Adolphe Machowof; April 14 '65, 3; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. K. Anthony Mares; June 15 '64,3; dis. May 3 '65. Andrew McCain; Aug. 20 '63, Aug. 29 '62, 3; dis. May 12 '65. John Mc- Donald; Aug. 18 '63, 3. Bernard McManus; Aug. 24 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. William McNeil; Aug. 24 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. John L. Megill, musician; Aug. 15 '63. Ernst H. Meyers; Oct. 15 '64, i. Charles Miller; April 13 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65. William Miller; April 7 '65, I. Nicholas Moore; Aug. 8 '6^, Aug. 29 '6^, 3. Josiah Mullen; March 29 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65. James Murchie; Oct. 15 '64, I. James Murtough; Oct. 19 '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. Gottlieb Prob; Aug. 28 '63, 3; m. o. July 27 '65. John G. Propst; Aug. 27 '63, 3; dis. May 3 '65. Philip Y. Redding; Aug. 18 '63; wounded at Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, '64. Jacob Riker; Sept. 23 '64, i; tr. from Co. E 35 th N. J. William Ryan; Oct. 15 '64, I. Moody A. Sandburn; Sept. 21 '64, i; dis. April 28 '65. Valentine Sealand; Sept. 22 '64, i; dis. April 28; tr. from Co. D. Herman Seibert; April 6 '65, I. William Shiell; Oct. 15 '64, i. Edward Smith; Aug. 19 '63, Aug. 29 '62,, 3; tr. to v. r. c, May 3 '64; returned to Co. March 2 '6.s. Richard D. Soden; corp. Aug. 25 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; private May i '65; dis. May 3 '65. Lewis Stage; Jan. 30 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. C. William R. Stelling; Oct. 11 '64, i; dis. May 3 '65. Michael Taggart; April 12 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65. John Weiderberger; Oct. 19 '64, i. Joseph Weil; Aug. 12 '63, 3. Peter Wendel; Oct. 21 '64, 1. Wilbur Wetsel; Aug. 10 '63, Aug. 29 '63, 3; dis. May 12 '65. James Wood; Jan. 6 '65, i; dis. May 3 '65; tr. from Co. A. Discharged (for disability). — William Fagan; enrolled Aug. 17 '63; dis. June 14 '64. William Herbert; en- rolled Aug. II '63; dis. Aug. 3 '64. William H. Kelly; enrolled Aug. 10 '63; dis. April 2 '65. Transferred. — (The date of enlistment and muster and the number of years for which the man enlisted follow the name. The transfer was to Company C where not otherwise stated.) Joseph Aspinwall; Sept. 7 '64, i. Abraham Benjamin; Dec. 29 '63, 3; from Co. E and to V. r. c. Abner B. and Charles Bishop, i. Richard C. Burris,. I. Ambi and Lewis Conklin. Michael Conlon; Mar. 31 '65, i; to Co. A. Horace Davis; Sept. 7 '64, r. Erastus Degraw; Sept. 23 '64, i; to Co. H. William Drew; Sept. 7 '64, i. George Ely; Feb. 28 '65, 3; to Bat. E. John Fuller; April 4 '65, i. Michael Galey; Sept. 14 '64, i; to Co. A. Robert J. Harrison; Aug. 24 '64, 3; to V. r. c, April i '65; dis. July 20 '65. William Healey; Sept. 28 '64, i; to Co. K. John Heusefall; Sept. 7 '64, i; to Co. K. John Kennedy; Oct. 11 '64, i; to Co. K. William Margeson; Sept. 7 '64, i. William Masker; Aug. 20 '63, 3; to v. r. c. Mar. 20 '65. Ernst Mayer; Sept. 9 '64, i; to Co. F 35th N. J. Charles E. Mayo; April 4 '65, i. Nathan Parliament; Sept. 7 '64, i. Charles Ryerson; Aug. 26 '63, 3; wounded June 23 '64, at Kenesaw Mountain; tr. to v. r. c, Jan. 16 '65; dis! July 25 '65. Charles H. Wood; Mar. 7 '65, i; to Co. d! Died. — (Enrolled and mustered in August 1863 when 100 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. not otherwise stated, and for three years.) Charles Anys; Jan. 9 '64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Feb. 13 '65, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20 '64. John Braan; Jan. 7 '64; died of disease, at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 18 '64. Martin Braan; Jan. 7 '64; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20 '64. James Butler; of disease, at Hilton Head, S. C., Mar. 29 '65. Frederick Ehrnest; Dec. 29 '63; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga„ July 20 '64. Thomas Farrell; at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 12 '64, of wounds received at Pine Knob, Ga., June t6 '64. Andrew Folt; of typhoid fever, Jan. 9 '64. Joel Jones; of chronic diarrhea, at Bridgeport, Ala., Nov. 5 '63. Martin Krom; of disease, at Nash- ville, Tenn., Mar. 12 '64; Edmund Leaver; of typhoid fever, at Lookout Valley, Ga., Jan. 23, '64. John Per- sonett; of disease, at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 17 '64. August Shawagar; of wound, at Newark, N. J., Sept. 17 '63. Abraham Vanderhoof; killed at Pine Knob, Ga., June 16 '64. Thomas Williams; enrolled Nev. 27 '63; killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20 '64. Arazi Willis; Jan. 5 '64; died of dropsy, at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. I '64. Louis Witte; drowned in Tennessee River, Nov. '6^. CHAPTER XX. THE 39TH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEERS ROLL OF COMPANY K LIST OF PATRIOT DEAD. 1 HIS regiment was raised in the month of Sep- tember 1864, the rendezvous being Camp Frelinghuysen, Newark, and was principally recruited in Essex county. Company K was raised in Morris county, recruited and commanded by Captain D. S. Allen. Although he was the last to obtain a recruiting commission, and labored under the disadvantages of distance from rendezvous, his was the first company of the command mustered into the United States service, having recruited its full quota in about fifteen days. Company K with four other com- panies, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James Close, went to the " front " in October, encamping at City Point, Va., and in about two weeks these were joined by the remaining five companies of the regiment. They remained here working on entrenchments for about two weeks. A. C. Wildrick of the United States army came and took command as colonel, and William T. Cornish, formerly of the 15th N. J. volunteers, as major of the regiment. The force changed camp about November ist and went to Poplar Grove Spring, near Petersburg, where the 39th was assigned to the 9th army corps. There being at this time continuous picket firing and skirmish- ing the men got their first smell of gunpowder very soon, and listened to the roaring of artillery and musketry alternating with frequent calls of the long roll. Company K was in a few days called to support an engagement a short distance to the left; it was not called into action, but had an opportunity of witnessing the effects of an engagement, as many of the wounded were carried past the ranks. About the first of December the company moved into and took charge of Fort Davis, in front of Petersburg, the rebels shelling it "pretty lively." Here the men did picket duty in the entrenchments and drilled in the rear of the fort. They remained in this fort, with very little occurring except the regular incidents of camp life, and occasionally a man wounded on the picket line, until the 2nd day of April 1865, when the final long roll was beaten, and the regiment marched out of the fort about 1 1 o'clock at night to take its position for the attack on Petersburg the following morning. A detail of ten men from each company, making 100 men, under Captain D. S. Allen, preceded this movement and went forward to the skirmish line. Although it was dark a sharp engage- ment took place on the skirmish line, in which Captain Allen was disabled, and Lieutenant Mason, of Company H, was killed; this occurred about 2 o'clock in the morn- ing. The brigade containing the 39th made a short de- tour to the right, and in the general attack of that mem- orable morning planted the colors of the 39th N. J. on the rebel fort in its front. Company K had the position of honor, being the color company of the regiment by choice. After Captain Allen was detached and sent for- ward with the special detail to the skirmish line the command of Company K devolved upon First Lieuten- ant Jacob McConnell, who proved himself a worthy suc- cessor. In this two-days engagement Company K lost its share of killed and wounded. Although this regiment was recruited during the time of paying large bounties it can be said to the credit of Company K that there only three deserters, and Com- pany K reported a stronger and heartier lot of men and consequently more fit for duty than any other company in the regiment, being made up of hardy Morris county men. In recalling the career of this fine company Cap- tain Allen says: "Although seventeen years have passed away I have not forgotten the kindly feelings toward me entertained by the men of Company K, many of whom have answered the last roll call; I shall ever hold in grateful remem- brance all of this little band, and my devout wish is that we may all be registered on the roll of the Great Com- mander." Below is a roll of COMPANY K. OFFICERS. The ofificers of Company K were mustered in as well as commissioned or enrolled in September 1864, for one year, and with one or two exceptions were mustered out in June 1865. Captain. — David S. Allen. First Lieutenant. — Jacob McConnell. Second Lieutenant. — John Shippee. First Sergeant. — Francis D. Sturtevant. Sergeants.— ^o\iTi. N. Young. Edward Y. Trowbridge. George W. Harris. Caleb J. Broadwell. C<7;-/»w/y.— James H. De Poe. Daniel Matthews. Morgan R. Davies George Burtt; dis. May 3 '65. COMPANY K THIRTY-NINTH N. J.— THE DEAD. lOI Charles H. Emmons. John W. Nichols; dis. May 3 Henry Parsons. Bernard J. Storms. '6S- PRIVATES. The following enlisted in September 1864, for one year's service, were mustered in September 23d 1864, and were mustered out in June or July 1865; with a few exceptions, which are noted. EstillBeatty; dis. May 3'6s. William J. Belcher. Wil- liam Bishop. John W.Blake; mustered Oct. i '64. Joseph C. Bower; dis. May 3 '65. Terrence Brannin. R. H. Brientnall; prom. Q. M. sergt. Oct. 11 '64. William Bugbee. John E. Burres. George Carey. Lewis H. Cook. William J. Cook. J. V. P. Coonrod Corby. John M. Crain. Jacob and Joseph Crum. Rinehart H. Davis; dis. Apr. 28 '65. David M. De Camp; dis. Apr. 28 '65. William Degraw. Isaiah De- mont. Cornet Deinouth; enlisted and mustered Jan. 5 '65; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Amos J. and Edward L. Emmons. Albert C, Jacob H. and Joseph W. Fichter. Daniel S. Force. A. B. Ford; dis. Apr. 28 '65. John Gervin. Nathaniel Gillum; mustered in Oct. i '64. WilKam P. Hart. William Henyon. William S. Hulme. David Huyler. William H. Jones. Abiather L. Kynor. Marcus Lamison. Samuel Larue; mustered in Oct. i '64. Joshua A. Lobdell; mustered in Oct. i '64; prom, com. sergt. Oct. 11 '64. George D. Losey. John A. Love; dis. May 3 '65. Marshall Love. Charles L. Love, wagoner. Henry and William H. Marlatt. Charles W., Mahlon J. and William C. Mills. John More. John W. Morgan. James Morrison. John Morrison; dis. May 3 '65. Joseph Morse jr. Joseph J. Nichols. Charles Nixon; dis. Apr. 28 '65. Silas H. Olmsted; dis. May 3 '65. David Palmer. Isaac N. Pruden. Asher T. Quier. George W. Scripture. David S. Searing. Samuel Sharp. James Snyder. Charles Taylor. William Tillyer, mu- sician; dis. May 3 '65. George D. Totten. Israel Van Norwick. James S., Samuel and Silas B. Van Orden. .Horace F. Wallace. Henry Whitehead. William H. Williams. Hiram C. Wood. David and James O. Wright. Trans/erred (first date that of enlistment and muster). — John J. and Winfield S. Carter, Apr. 10 '65; from Co. A, and to 33d N. J. June 15 '65. John R. Cutting. Apr. 8 '65; to Co. G. Theodore Demouth, Jan. 26 '65; to 33d N. J. June IS '65. George Farling, Apr. 8 '65; to Co. G. Robert McNabb; Apr. 10 '65; to Co. H. John F. Reiley and Philip Ryan; Apr. 8 '65; to Co. C. Daniel Shawger, Feb. 9 '65 ; to Co. B. Leonard Sous, Apr. 8 '65 ; to Co. F. Aaron A. Tebo, Apr. 13 '65; to 33d N. J. , Jnne 15 '65. Died (these were one year's men, and, excepting the first, were enlisted and mustered in September 1864). — Noah O. Baldwin, enrolled Jan. 5 '65; killed before Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2 '65. John Conklin; died at Alexandria, Va., Apr. 10 '65, of wounds received before Petersburg Apr. 2 '65. Abram Earl; died at Alexandria, Va.. May 6 '65, of wounds received before Petersburg. Thomas Plum- stead; killed before Petersburg, Va., Apr. 2 '65. THE DEAD. Besides the casualties noted in the foregoing records we are furnished with the following partial list of the soldiers of Morris county who died in the service- Seventh Regiment.— (Most of these men were from Morristown, and that fact is indicated by the letter M following their names. All but two were members of Company K.) Erastus J. Ackley; died at Georgetown, 1861. Theron A. Allen, M.; died 1862. Charles Y. Beers, M.; killed at Gettysburg.' Jabez Beers, M.; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Merrit Bruen, Madison; died at City Point, Va., 1864. Moses Berry; died in Maryland, 1861. Cyrus Carter, 1862. James Brown, M. (Company C); killed at Gettysburg. John Dempsy (Company H); killed at Gettysburg. John Dougherty, Wilderness, 1864. Arthur Ford, M.; died in Anderson- ville prison, 1864. Andrew Halsey, M.; died at Peters- burg, Va., 1864. Jacob Hopping, Hanover; killed at Gettysburg. Robert Jolly, M.; killed at Gettysburg. Sylvester Lynn, Mendham; died at Petersburg, 1864. John R. Lyon, Bull Run, Va., 1862. William Long, New Vernon; died near Fairfax Court-house, Va., 1862. Charles B. Mott, M.; Chancellorsville, Va., 1863. Lemuel Caleb-| Marshall, 1862. J. Miller, killed at Chesterfield Bridge, Va., 1864. Allen Pierson, M ; Petersburg, 1864. George Pier, 1862. John A. Recanio, M.; Belle Isle prison, 1862. Spafford Sanders, 1862. Joseph L. Spencer, Chatham; killed at Petersburg, 1864. John Tillotson, 1862. Joseph Watkins, M.; died of wounds, Williams- burg, Va., 1862. J. Wright; died Sept. 8 1864, in An- dersonville prison. Fifteenth Regiment (Company F if not otherwise indi- cated). — John W. Berry, Flanders; killed at Spottsyl- vania, 1864. William Broad well, Co. B; lost arm at Salem Heights, Va., May 3 1863. EHas H. Carlile, Chester; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. Felix Cash, Chester; died of wounds, Potomac Creek, 1864. War- ren N. Clausen, Flanders; died at Washington, 1864. Charles Covert, Fox Hill; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. George D. Foulds, Roxbury; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Charles Heck, German Valley; died at Washing- ton, 1864. Anthony Hoppler, German Valley; died at White Oak Church,' 1863. Whitefield Lake, Schooley's Mountain; Spottsylvania, 1864. Ira Lindsley, Morris- town, Company C; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., 1865. Manning F. McDougall, Chester; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. John R. McKain, Mount Olive, 1864. Charles Milligan; killed at Winchester, 1864. Jacob A. Peck- well, Flanders; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. John D. Salmon, Flanders; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Andrew F. Salmon, Flanders ; Spottsylvania, 1864. Phineas F. Skellinger, Chester ; Spottsylvania, 1864. William H. Sergeant, Budd's Lake; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Alexander S. Sergeant, Budd's Lake; killed at Fredericksburg, 1863. James W. Sprague, Flanders; killed at Fredericksburg, 1863. Peter J. Sut- ton, Fox Hill; died in prison, 1863. David Todd, Lesser Cross Roads; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Isaac Vanarsdale, Lesser Cross Roads; died of wounds, 1864. John Van Houghton, Morristown, Company C; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Benjamin D. Wear, White Oak Church, 1863. Elias Williamson, Flanders; killed at Spottsylvania, 1864. Edward A. Simpson, Company C; Shenandoah, 1864. Lewis Aramerman, Chester; died at White Oak Church. Oscar Brokaw, Chatham, Company C; Chancellorsville. Alexander Beatty; died at Wash- ington, 1863. William Bowman, Ralstontown; Spottsyl- vania, 1864. Franklin Camp, Whippany, Company C; White Oak Church, 1863. Jacob Lamerson, Flanders; White Oak Church, 1863. Edward Day, Chatham, Com- pany C; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., 1864. Andrew Genung, Chatham, Company C; killed in 1864. James Hiler, Company C; Chancellorsville, 1863. Jeremiah Haycock, Mine Hill, Company C; killed at Cold Harbor, 1864. Frank Cunningham and Virgil Howell, Company C; died at White Oak Church, 1863. Jonathan Loree; killed in the Wilderness, 1864. Thomas Phipps, Com- pany C; died at White Oak Church, Va., 1863. William Storms, Company C; killed at Chancellorsville, 1863. 102 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Twenty-Seventh Regiment. — Stephen Doty, Morristown, Company I, 1863. Samuel Smith, Company K. and Al- bert Wiggins, Company B; drowned in Cumberland River, May 6 1863. W. H. H. Haines and John Cronan, New Vernon, Company I; died at Newport News. Louis Gregory, Hanover, Company E. Robert Lee. Lemuel Lawrence, Mendham, Company E. Augustus Salmon, Flanders, Company C; died at Washington 1863. Miscellaneous. — James M. Woodruff, Mendham, nth N. J.; killed at Mine Run, Va., 1864. D. B. Logan, Succasunna, nth N. J.; killed at Gettysburg. William Potts, Morristown, nth N. J.; died in hospital, 1862. John D. Evans, Morristown, Company G 8th N. J,; killed ai Cold Harbor. David Cooper, 8th N. J.; killed at Gettysburg. Isaac D. Dickerson, Malapardis, Company E i2oth N. Y; died near Bealton, Ya., Sept. 9 1863. Theodore Cooper, Morristown, 6th N. J.; killed at Fort Pickens, Fla., in Dec. 1861. Captain Charles W. Can- field, Morristown, 2nd U. S. cavalry, killed in Virginia. Alfred Axtell, Morristown, Company D i6th Mich.; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Charles Carrell, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J.; died in hospital. Edward F. Cavanaugh, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J.; died at Columbus, Kas. William Cole, Morristown, 3d N. J.; killed in 1861. J. L. Doty, Morristown, ist N. J. cavalry; died after leaving Belle Isle prison. Theodore Edwards. Morristown, ist N. J. cavalry; died in Belle Isle prison, James L. Freeman, Morristown, 2nd D. C. volunteers; died in 1862. John M. Lewis, Morristown, 9th N. J.; hospital steward; died at Beaufort, S. C, Nov. 7 1862. Willie Morehouse, Morristown, 37th N. J.; killed at Petersburg, Va. Lindsley H. Miller, Morristown, U. S. C. T., 1864. Patrick McShane, Company E 4th N. Y. cavalry. Samuel McNair, Morristown, Company K ist N. Y. engineers; died in South Carolina. John O'Don- nell, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J.; killed at Salem Heights, Va. George A. Perrine, Morristown, Company B 162nd N. Y.; died in Louisiana, 1862. George B. Wear, Morristown, Company B 2nd N. J. cavalry; died Feb. 25 1864, from hardship in prison. Spencer Wood, Morristown, 4th N. J. cavalry; killed at Petersburg, 1864. Michael Cummings, Morris Plains, ist N. J. artillery; killed. James Mathews, Company B ist artillery. A. W. Thompson, Company B 2nd N. J.; died at White Oak Church, 1863. William Wottman, Chester, Company A 5th N. J.; killed at Petersburg, 1864. William Wear, Company A sth N. J.; died in 1864. Albert Collins, Company B ist artillery; died at Fortress Monroe. Job De Hart, Morristown, N. Y. regiment; died at New Or- leans, 1864. Stephen D. Fairchild, 17th Wis.; died at Washington. Philip Keller, 3d N. J. cavalry. Moses Miller, Company A 32nd U. S. C. T.; died in hospital. Abram Earl, Company K 39th N. J.; died at Alexandria, Va., May 7 1865. Hampton Whitehead, 9th N. J.; killed Mar. 14 1862, near Newbern, N. C. John M. Powers, Company G ist Pa. reserve corps; killed at South Moun- tain, Sept. 14 1862. Corporal Ezra S. Day, 30th N. J.; died Feb. 21 186^, at Belle Plain. CHAPTER XXI. A SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ' OF MORRIS COUNTY. By F. a. CANiaJEtD. HIS county is located in what is known as the Highlands of New Jersey. The surface is quite irregular, varying from 175 feet above the sea level in the southeastern part to over 1,200 feet in the northern. Commencing at the southeasterly boundary, the ^ change in elevation of the surface is gradual until the bases of the mountain ranges running near Mor- ristown and Boonton are reached, beyond which the sur- face is very much broken. The distinction is drawn be- tween the terms " mountains " and "' mountain ranges," the " ranges " being made up of a series of partially de- tached mountains. The ranges run generally in a north- easterly and southwesterly direction, while the mountains themselves follow a more northerly course. The moun-- tains are peculiar in the fact that they rise gradually at the northeastern end, and, running with undulating crests, fall abruptly at the southwestern extremity. In point of size the chief mountain ranges are School- ey's and Green Pond, but by far the most important in an economic point of view is the range of hills that lies next to and to the southeast of the Green Pond mountain range. This belt bears nearly all the iron ore deposits of the county. A few deposits are worked in the moun- tains immediately west of the Green Pond range, of which the Hurd and Ford mines are the most important. The geological structure is not very complicated; for, while the different formations are divided by great periods of time, the members of the geological column are but few, as many of the intervening groups have no represent- atives among the rocks of this county. The greater por- tion of the county is underlain by rocks that belong to the oldest geological formation known in the world. This formation is termed the " Azoic " — meaning " ab- sence of life " — and includes all the syenites, gneiss, or granitic rocks, the crystalline limestones, and the magnetic iron ores. The magnetic iron ores constitute but an ex- tremely small percentage of the Azoic rocks, yet they are the most important member of the group, and occur in beds that are truly conformable to the inclosing rocks. These bodies of ore are not veins, according to the modern definition of the term, but are of sedimentary origin. Generally they are lenticular in shape. They are not continuous horizontally, and their extent vertically is uncertain. Considerable difference of opinion has long existed as to the origin of these deposits. Some experts believe that the beds are true veins of igneous origin, having been formed by the injection of mineral matter, while in a melted condition, between the walls of gneiss. FORMATION OF IRON ORE BEDS— THE AZOIC ROCKS. 103 It is true that there are evidences of the action of heat, but most geologists at the present day hold that these ores are as sedimentary in origin as the rocks in which they are found. A brief description of the probable process by which these ore beds were formed will not be without interest. Protoxide of iron exists in many rocks, and when brought in contact with carbonic acid or some organic acid it combines with it, forming what chemists call proto-salts of iron. These salts are readily soluble in water, which by leaching them out carries them to some pond hole where the current of the stream is checked. Continued exposure of these salts to the atmosphere causes them by chemical affinity to take up or combine with more oxy- gen, forming sesqui-oxide of iron, which is insoluble in water. This action takes place at the surface of the water and betrays its presence by a metallic film, show- ing the prismatic colors, which floats until the accumula- tion becomes so great as to sink to the bottom in the form of a yellow precipitate of sesqui-oxide of iron or, commonly speaking, iron rust. An ironmaster would call it bog ore or brown hematite; a mineralogist, limon- ite. Chemically pure limonite consists of 59.92 per cent, metallic iron, 25.68 per cent, oxygen, and 14.40 per cent, water. As soon as a film of sesqui-oxide of iron settles another begins to form, and this action goes on continu- ally. After this product the description of the process must necessarily become somewhat hypothetical. It is supposed that a great mass of this limonite has been de- posited on the bottom of some large sheet of water, and through some action of nature such as a subsidence of the surface, or an elevation of the surrounding country, or violent storms, the process of deposition ceases and an influx of mud and sand takes place, covering the limonite with material many feet in thickness. The weight of this covering would solidify the ore and force the greater part of the free water from it. Limonite in this condi- tion occurs at Beattystown, N. J. The 14.40 per cent, of water that is in chemical com- bination with the iron cannot be expelled by pressure alone, but another agent now acts in concert with pres- sure, namely heat. The source of this heat is uncertain, but its presence is proven by the products of fusion, found with the ore. Pressure and heat together expel the last traces of water from the limonite, and leave a residue that is an anhydrous sesqui-oxide of iron. This is true hematite, and if pure consists of 70 per cent, of metallic iron and 30 per cent, of oxygen. It is an im- portant ore, but is not found in this county in paying quantities. If while the ore is subjected to the above mentioned agencies some element like carbon — having a greater affinity for oxygen than the iron has — be present, a partial reduction takes place; the ore yields a small percentage of its oxygen to the carbon, becoming richer in metallic iron, and is then called magnetic iron ore, or magnetite — a name given on account of the property it has of influencing a magnetic needle or compass. Pure magnetite can contain but 72.4 per cent, of metallic iron ore and 27.6 per cent, of oxygen. The extent and importance of this ore to this county will be treated under a special heading. While all of the above mentioned reactions and trans- formations are taking place, the mud and sand that were above and below the ore have been subjected to the in- fluence of the same agencies, and what once existed in layers of soft material becomes a hard stratified rock. The cooling of the earth causes it to shrink, and the crust, being hardened by more rapid cooling, cannot contract sufficiently without forming wrinkles or folds on the surface. This throws the horizontal strata of rock and ore up on edge or in a partially inclined position, so that what once formed the bottom of a lake may have be- come a hill or mountain. The Azoic rocks of this county are almost without ex- ception stratified, with a general strike from the north- east to the southwest, and generally with a dip to the southeast, the dip varying from horizontal to perpendic- ular. The term " strike " means the direction of the edges of the strata with reference to the points of the compass, and in most cases it corresponds with the axes of the mountains. The term "dip" is applied to the vertical angle formed by the plane of the strata with a horizontal plane, and is always taken at right angles to the strike. The southeastern boundary of the Azoic rocks, after keeping a very direct course from the Hudson River, crosses Passaic county nearly on the line of the Ramapo River, and enters Morris county near Pompton; keeping the same course, it passes just east of Boonton and west of Morris Plains. A short distance west of the latter place the line makes a short turn to the east, the.n runs due south until it reaches Morristown, where it bends to the southwest and, resuming its general course, passes into Somerset county in the direction of Bernards- ville. A description of this boundary is necessarily somewhat inaccurate, and the line appears more regular than it probably is; in fact it is but a description of the bases of the mountains and hills on the eastern border of the formation. This indefiniteness exists because of the great burden of earth that covers the lower part of this formation. Following the line between the counties of Morris and Somerset in a westerly direction from the point where the eastern border of the gneiss leaves the county, no break in the formation occurs until a small patch of the mag- nesian limestone and a spur of Triassic sandstone are reached near the stream that flows through Peapack. This gap is a little more than two miles in width. On the west side the gneiss appears again, and may be fol- lowed continuously on the line between Morris and Hunterdon counties almost to the Warren county line, with the single exception of a bed of limestone, about half a mile in width, lying immediately west of the foot of Fox Hill, in German Valley. The Musconetcong River forms the boundary between Morris and Warren counties from a point just south of Stephensburg to Wat- erloo, and runs the entire distance on a narrow belt of blue limestone, which separates the county line from the northwestern border of the Azoic rocks by a fraction of 104 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. a mile. The line between Morris and Sussex counties is formed by the Musconetcong River from Waterloo to Lake Hopatcong, and by the lake to Woodport, from which place an arbitrary line runs straight to a point near Snufftown, where it meets the head waters of the Pequan- nock River. This entire distance is underlain by Azoic rocks. The Pequannock River forms the division line between Morris and Passaic counties, and flows in a southeasterly direction. For a short distance after it becomes the county line the river passes over Azoic rocks, and then crosses a belt of more modern rcicks that be- long to the Lower Silurian period. These are known as Potsdam sandstone or Green Pond Mountain rock and Hudson River slate. This belt of Paleozoic rocks is about four miles wide. The stream leaves the sandstone just north of Charlotteburgh and, continuing its south- easterly course, flows over gneissic rocks until it reaches their eastern boundary near Pompton. The territory in- cluded in the boundaries that have just been described covers nearly three quarters of the total area of the county, and, after excepting a few deposits all of which are com- paratively small, the entire surface is underlain with gneiss or syenite. The last member of the Azoic rocks is the white lirne- stone, which occurs sparingly in two places. One deposit is near Montville, where it is associated with asbestos, fibrous (chysotile) and massive serpentine. This bed is worked by the Boonton Iron Company for limestone for the company's furnaces. The other deposit is on the Sanders farm near Mendham. Rising in the geological column, the next period repre sented by the rocks of this county is the Lower Silurian, which includes the Potsdam sandstone, the Hudson River slate and all of the remaining limestones. The sandstones, being the lowest, should be considered first. This material varies greatly in structure and tex- ture. In some places it consists of an extremely hard conglomerate made up of large pebbles, giving it a beau- tiful mottled appearance, and would make a fine building stone if it were less difficult to dress. Sometimes it oc- curs in large thin slabs, with fine grain and free from pebbles, and makes a fair substitute for rough flagging. This rock is also found in the form of sand. This for- mation, rising near Cornwall, Orange county, N. Y., runs in a southwesterly direction across that county, enters New Jersey just west of Greenwood Lake, crosses Pas- saic county, and passes into Morris county at Newfound- land. At this point the formation is about two miles wide and of low elevation, being crossed by the Pequan- nock River. The formation rises rapidly as it proceeds toward the southwest. Three miles from Newfoundland it forms two high ridges known as Green Pond Mountain and Copperas Mountain. The latter is parallel to and east of the former. Green Pond lies between tliem, at an elevation of 1,069 ^^^^ above sea level. Copperas Mountain rises just west of Charlotteburgh and runs about six miles, to Denmark, where it falls pre- cipitously^ allowing the passage of Green Pond Brook. The sides of the mountain are very steep, being often perpendicular cliffs or ledges of rock. It takes its name from the iron mines near its base, which were formerly worked for copperas — a sulphate of iron. Green Pond Mountain rises near Newfoundland, and continues with- out interruption until it reaches Baker's Mill, where it disappears below the level of the valley of the Rockaway River, which crosses the formation at this place. The west side of this mountain is very steep, being impassable in places. At Petersburg and Milton there is a ppur or offshoot of conglomerate on the west side of the valley. This forms what is known as Bowling Green Mountain, and is separated on the surface from Green Pond Moun- tain by a bed of slate, under which the formation is con- tinuous. South of the Rockaway River at Baker's Mill the sandstones are found in four isolated deposits. The first deposit makes its appearance between Duck Pond and the bridge where the Chester Railroad crosses the Morris Canal, extends in a southerly direction, and gradually rising forms a low hill, steep toward the east and sloping gently westward. The Morris Canal and the public highway follow the base of the hill closely as far as McCainsville, where the formation falls suddenly below the plain, allowing the passage of the Morris Carial, Black River, and a branch of the Longwood Valley Railroad. At this extremity the stratification is strongly marked, and quarries yield- ing good building stones have been opened. Fine spec- imens of curved slabs, formed by the folding of the rocks, are found here. To the northwest of the first deposit lies the second, on the foot of Brookland Mountain. The Morris and Essex Railroad crosses it a short distance ber low the Drakesville depot, by an excavation commorily known as the " White Rock cut," the name being sugr. gested by the color of the stone. At this place the rock appears as a typical sandstone, being fine-grained and friable. The third deposit forms the hill which rises near the canal, west of McCainsville. It forms the western boundary of Succasunna Plains, to a point a short dis- tance south of the road leading to Drakesville, and here it is lost under a heavy burden of earth. About a mile further south it reappears, forming the fourth deposit, the outlines of which are traced with great difficulty, ss the outcrops are rare. The fourth deposit stops at Flanders, and is the last of this series that is found in the county. In this deposit the last traces of a rocky texture have disappeared, and the material occurs in the form of white sand. Large quantities have been dug and sent away by the Boonton Iron Company and by private individuals, to be used as a lining for furnaces, as it is very refractory. Boulders of Potsdam sandstone occur near German Valley, and, although never found in situ, it may exist underneath the limestones of the valley. All of these deposits may be connected with one an- other, but the burden of earth which divides the outcrops is so great that the question of the continuity of the for^ mation will always be an open one. Mount Paul, near Mendham, is an isolated peak of this sandstone. MAGNESIAN LIMESTONE— HUDSON RIVER SLATE. 105 Immediately above the Potsdam sandstone comes the Magnesian limestone — a name given on account of an important constituent, it being nearly half carbonate of magnesia, pure limestone containing carbonate of lime only. The magnesian limestones of this county are gen- erally hard, compact and fine-grained, and are free from fossils. Their color varies from almost black to gray; generally it is of a bluish tint. The color is due to the presence of organic matter, as the limestone burns white. The largest deposit in the county is in German Valley, which place it underlies from the foot of Fox Hill to the foot of Schooley's Mountain. This bed is elongated, with an axis parallel to and nearly coincident with the prolonged axis of the Potsdam sandstones just described. It extends from about a mile northeast of Naughright- vilk to about a mile southwest of California in Hunter- don county, crossing the county line at Middle Valley. The extremities are about nine miles apart; its greatest width is about half a mile. It is extensively worked for lime for farming purposes, and considerable quantities are used in the blast furnaces at Chester and Boonton. The second bed of this variety of limestone in point of size is part of a large deposit which extends from south- west of Bloomsbury, in Hunterdon county, to Waterloo in Sussex county, a distance of some twenty-five miles along the valley of the Musconetcong River. The part which is in Morris county lies between the river and the foot of Schooley's Mountain. The brown hematite mined at Beattystown is found in this formation. The next in the scale of importance is the deposit that, rising a short distance south of Peapack, in Somerset county, runs northerly and enters the county just west of the line between Mendham and Chester townships. In crossing the county line it bends suddenly to the north- east, occupies the valley east of Mount Paul, skirts along the base of the mountain, crosses the valley of Indian Brook, and disappears about three-fourths of a mile northwest of the village of Mendham. The greatest length of the deposit is about six miles — four and a half &f which are in this county — and the greatest breadth about half a mile. It is partially bounded on the west and northwest by Triassic shales and Potsdam sandstones, while the remaining boundaries are gneiss. Quarries on this deposit have yielded large quantities of lime for fer- tilizing and building purposes. The remaining deposits are those at Middle Forge. Two of these have been worked; both are small and lie on the conglomerate. One is near the forge pond, on >the side next the Green Pond Mountain, and is about 450 feet long. The other, farther south, lies at the foot of the same mountain, near the place where the highway from Berkshire Valley to Mount Hope turns to the east to cross the valley. These quarries were the source of the limestone used in the furnaces that were formerly operated at Mount Hope. The small deposit of magne- sian limestone lying on the west side of the road leading -from Stanhope to Budd's Lake is not in place, but is merely a boulder. Fossiliferous limestone lies above the magnesian lime- stone and below the Hudson River slate, and, while ex- isting in large deposits in other parts of New Jersey, it occurs but sparingly in this county. Its presence is worthy of note, as it is a member of the rocks of this period. The only deposits are found scattered along the western base of the Green Pond Mountain, from Upper Longwood to Woodstock, and along the eastern base between Newfoundland and Green Pond. The rock is very friable and full of indistinct fossils, and is generally too impure to be of much economic value. Hudson River slate is another rock noteworthy only on account of its representing a formation that has greater importance elsewhere in the State. Instead of appearing as a typical slate, valuable for roofing purposes, it occurs as a hard, dark colored rock, with crooked seams, which cause it to break in irregular masses. It is refractory, and resists the action of time to a great de- gree. The sole deposit of slate in Morris county rises at the State line, between Greenwood Lake and Bearfort Mountain; runs parallel to the mountain side, contracting on its approach to the town of West Milford; and thence gradually expanding to near the county line, spreads out and divides about the north end of the Green Pond Mountain formation. The eastern branch is narrow, and after crossing the county line ends, after following for about a mile the valley of the stream that rises near Green Pond and flows into the Pequannock River. The western branch is also narrow until it passes Newfound- land, when it suddenly expands to the west and enters the county with a width of about two miles. It holds this width as far as Russia, and then commences to di- minish in breadth; at Milton its western boundary jumps suddenly to the east, being crowded over by the sand- stone of Bowling Green Mountain, until it is only half a mile wide. From Petersburg it follows the valley of the Rockaway River, gradually growing narrower and dis- appearing at Upper Longwood. The eastern boundary is nearly straight, being formed by the foot of Green Pond Mountain, on which this deposit lies. A great break in the geological column now presents itself. None of the rocks belonging to the Upper Si- lurian, to the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone, to the Carboniferous with its coal measures, nor to the Permian period, have been found in the county. The next for- mation to be considered is the Triassic or New Red Sandstone. This is the age in which reptiles first made their appearance, fishes being the highest order of life that had existed heretofore. This name is given to the period because in Germany this formation is composed of three kinds of rock, viz.: Bunter Sandstein, Muschel- kalk and Keuper. In geographical extent the Triassic rocks of the county are exceeded only by those of the Azoic period. The northwestern border of the formation crosses Passaic county nearly on the line of the Ramapo River, and enters Morris county at Pompton; thence running on a very direct southwesterly course it passes through the city of Boonton, and on to Morris Plains; there it turns to the south and swings around the foot of Trowbridge io6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Mountain, resumes at Morristown its former course, and follows the road to Bernardsville until it crosses the county line. This it will be seen is the eastern boundary of the gneiss. The sandstones lie upon the older rocks throughout the entire distance. There are no other boun- daries to this formation in the county, as the county line cuts off but a fragment, as it were, of a belt of sandstone which is from twenty to twenty-five miles wide, and which, rising near Cornwall, N. Y., crosses New Jersey, and passes into Pennsylvania. The materials composing this formation are either red shales or red sandstones, the latter being largely used for building purposes under the name of " freestone." A black shale is found at Boonton, which furnishes fine specimens of fossil fish, and small layers of bituminous matter resembling coal. Below the town and near the river slabs of rock may be obtained bearing tracks or the imprints of the feet of ex- tinct reptiles. These remains correspond exactly with those found in the Triassic rocks of Connecticut. Trap rocks in the form of dykes or ridges are char- acteristic of the Triassic formation. The largest out- crop of this material found in the county is the ridge which rises near the village of Chatham, runs south- westerly to Myersville, where it turns more to the west- ward, crosses the county line near Millington, and disap- pears at Liberty Corner. This ridge is known as " Long Hill." Its length is about eleven miles (eight of which are in this county) and the average width is about one- third of a mile. The outcrop of trap second in importance is part of a formation which rises near Pine Brook, and running north forms Hook Mountain; keeps this course for four miles, then turns with a large sweep to the east, and leaves the county at Mead's Basin. The only other deposits are two short ridges located in the southwestern part of the county; the larger, ris- ing near Green Village, runs northwesterly for a short distance, then turns due west and, widening gradually for two miles to about half a mile in breadth, continues on the same course for about another mile, widens rapidly to one and a half miles and then disappears. The other outcrop runs northerly from the same town for three miles; the southerly half is about half a mile in width, the other part swings to the west and narrows rapidly until it disappears. This ends the description of the fixed rocks, as none of the rocks of the later geological periods are found in this county. The remaining feature to be described is the structure of the surface, and in preparing this part of the geology of Morris county liberal drafts have been made on the State Geological Report for the year 1880. This report describes the results of glacial action throughout the en- tire State, and treats of the subject exhaustively. It is highly recommended to the reader who may desire a more detailed account than the following. Disregarding the ledges or outcrops of a rocky nature, the surface is made up of earth, clays, sands, gravels, and boulders. The earths may be the result of the decompo- sition and disintegration of the rocks lying in place under- neath, and such earths can readily be distinguished by the presence of rocky fragments having rough surfaces and sharp edges; or they are made up from materials brought from a distance and redeposited through the agency of water and ice. It is impossible to determine the time when the decom- position began from which the earths now in place are derived; probably as soon as the rocks were thrown into their present positions. The action of air, water and frost has never ceased, but goes on continually, and it is to this feature that the sustained fertility of the soil is greatly due. Certain elements essential to plant life are constantly set free and offered to the plant in such a con- dition that they may be readily absorbed. These earths may be termed " native," and are found only where the surface was not exposed to glacial action. The transported materials belong to what is known as the glacial period, and are included in the term "drift." During the glacial period the ice field now found in the extreme northern latitudes extended southward until it covered the northern part of New Jersey to a depth of nearly one thousand feet, but leaving the highest moun- tains bare. Farther north it reached a depth of several thousand feet. This field of ice moved from north to south with a creeping motion, the front part constantly melting away as it was pushed forward by the mass of material behind, and any movable object was irresistably carried along by the flow. By this means a vast quantity of rock was torn from its place and transported greater or less distances, often many miles. The action being a grinding one the corners and edges of the rocks were soon broken and worn off, forming boulders, and the fragments exposed to the same influence were ground into pebbles, gravels or sands. The surface of the rocks in situ suffered accordingly, and in many places in the county the summits of the mountains are worn and rounded, often showing grooves and scratches as evidences of the grinding action. The term " glacial drift " may be applied to all the debris resulting from the glacial action, but for convenience its use is confined to such materials as are thoroughly intermingled, while the term " modified glacial drift " is used to denote such mate- rials as have been subjected to the action of water, and by it have been rearranged in the form of stratified beds. There is no distinction made in regard to the materials composing the two kinds of drift; sometimes the two formations lie side by side. As the glacier melted away at the south and retreated northward it left the materials that it carried or pushed forward, depositing them somewhat as they had been grouped on or under the ice. The southern limit of the drift deposits is marked by a line of ridges, heaps, or mounds, which is known as the " terminal moraine." The most southerly point of the terminal moraine found in New Jersey is at Perth Amboy, from whence it takes a north-northwesterly course to the trap ridges near Scotch Plains; there it turns to the northeast, and keeps this course as far as Summit; turns at this point to the TEtE DRIFT FORMATION— WATEk COURSES. 167 west and northwest, and crossing the Passaic River enters this county at Stanley. Hugging the northeastern end of Long Hill it now swings to the northwest, turns at Morristown to the north, and follows the line of the gneiss and red sandstone as far as Morris Plains; thence it runs on the west side and near the track of the Morris and Essex Railroad as far as Denville. At Denville the line is broken, but from deposits of drift found near Ninkey and Shongum it would appear that the glacier had extended up the valley of Den Brook for several miles. From Denville to Dover the line of drift follows the contours of the hills, but not connectedly, the deposits being isolated in many cases. At Dover the formation is shown in the little tableland on which the Orchard street cemetery is located. Rounding the high hill west of Dover the line of drift follows up the valley of Jack- son Brook from the silk mill to the lower part of Iron- dale, and from here again turns to the north and swings by Port Oram and around Dunham's Hill as far as the Scrub Oak mine; thence runs across the north end of Succasunna Plains to a point near where the Chester Railroad crosses the canal, and thence swinging around by Duck Pond passes on to a point near the Drakesville depot. From here the course of the moraine passes by a tortuous route by Budd's Lake to Hackettstown, and there leaves the county. The limits of this article are too confined to allow more than a brief notice of the more striking features of this formation. The ridge from Long Hill to Morristown is quite level on top, and being of a light, porous soil, free from large rocks, it is well suited for building sites. These advantages have already attracted a large amount of wealth. Morristown and Madison are partly on this ridge. It forms the divide between the watersheds of the Whippany and the west branch of the Passaic River. Its average height above sea level is about 375 feet. Mount Tabor is also composed of drift material. The gravel pit at the intersection of Clinton and McFarlan streets in the city of Dover affords a fine section of drift. The tableland west of Dover on which St. Mary's church is built belongs to this formation. The moraine hill which extends from Dunham's hill toward Duck Pond forms the divide between the head waters of the Passaic and Raritan Rivers. The finest examples of moraine hills are found in Berkshire Valley. A noteworthy feature of the effect of glacial action on the topography of the county is seen in the changes that it has made in the drainage of the streams by reversing the direction of the flow. The original Green Pond Brook ran northeast to the Pequannock River, but a glacial dam prevents this and forces the water to make its escape at the opposite end of the lake. The natural outlet of Lake Hopatcong was through the Raritan River, but a bed of drift near Hopatcong station closed this channel and raised the water till it found an exit by the way of the Musconetcong Valley to the Dela- ware. Canfield Island was formed at the same time. The original outlet of Budd's Lake fed a stream which ran into the Musconetcong near Stanhope; a dam of drift shut this passage, and now the surplus water escapes to the Raritan. The drainage of Succasunna Plains was in pre-glacial times to the northeast to the Rockaway River, but the moraine above referred to turned the water in-to the Raritan. Burnt Meadow Brook once flowed into the Rockaway near Baker's Mill, but, being turned by a mass of drift, it passes over the lowest part of the dam at Mount Pleasant and meets the same river below Port Oram. This reversal of the water courses is easily explained when the condition of things during the glacial epoch is understood. The flow of the ice fields came from the north, and on reaching a river acted as a dam, and back- ing the water up forced it to find a passage in some other direction, which was necessarily to the southwest, the mountain ranges preventing its escape elsewhere. As the ice retreated it left behind the vast deposits of drift, which, though smaller than the glaciers, were sufficient to control the flow of the streams, and in many cases made permanent the changes effected by the ice. Morris county is well supplied with water; three of the largest streams in the State find their sources here, and with their tributaries so subdivide the surface that there are no large areas unprovided for. The system of water- courses may be divided into three parts, viz.: the water- sheds of the Musconetcong, the Raritan and the Passaic Rivers. The Musconetcong rises near the Ford mine, in Jeffer- son township, and there bears the name of Weldon Brook. It flows into Lake Hopatcong, and thus be- comes a feeder to the Morris Canal, which draws its supply from this lake. The Musconetcong receives the drainage of the west slope of Brookland and Schooley's Mountains, flows to the southwest and empties into the Delaware. The Raritan is split into three parts, viz.: the "south branch," Black or Lamington River, and the " north branch." The first flows through Flanders and German Valley; the second, or middle branch, flows through Succasunna Plains and Hacklebarney; and the third, or north branch, rising near Mount Freedom, flows through Calais and Roxiticus. All of these streams leave the county before they come together. The third system is that of the Passaic River, which may be divided into the Passaic River proper, the Whippany, the Rockaway and the Pequannock Rivers. The Passaic rises near Mendham, flows south for about two miles to the county line, which it forms from this point to Two Bridges, a distance of over forty miles, and receives directly all the drainage south of Morristown and as far east as Madison. The country north and east of Morristown forms the watershed of the Whippany, which, rising near Mount Freedom, flows through Brook- side, Morristown and Whippany, drains the Troy Mead- ows and empties into the Rockaway River at Hanover Neck. The Rockaway rises in Sussex county, enters this county near Hopewell, flows southwest through Longwood and Berkshire Valleys, following the west toS ttlSTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. base ot Green Pond Mountain, around which it turns at Baker's Mill, and taking a isoutheasterly course fempties into the Passaic River at Hanover Neck. It re ceives the Burnt Meadow Brook and Jackson Brook near Dover, and the Whippany River about half a rriile from its junction with the Passaic, and flows through Dover, Rockaway, Powerville and Bobnton, furnishing valuable water power at these places. The Pequannock River rises in the Waywayanda Mountains, in Sussex county^ and does not enter Morris county, but forms the boundary line from a point near Snufftown to Two Bridges, where it meets the Passaic, a distance of nearly thirty miles. This river receives the drainage of all the northeastern part of the county, and is largely used for manufacturing purposes at Bloomingdale and Pompton. The soils of this county are generally very productive, especially on the hills that furnish native earth, as this material seefns to have the power of resuscitating itself if allowed to test from time to time, and properly worked in the meantime. The yield of the limestone soils will compare favorably with that of any other part of the State. The open and porous soils are more easily ex- hausted, and require the renewal of fertilizers from year to year, which if furnished render the soil very pro- ductive. CITY, VILLAGE AND TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. MORRISTOWN. By Bbv. Rubus S. Geeen. ^ORRISTOWN*, the county seat of Morris county, is, like Zion of old, " beautiful for situation." It nestles among tlje hills, of which no less than five ranges furnish most charming building-sites. The drives about the city are unsurpassed in variety and loveliness. Add to its natural beauty purity of air and water, and freedom from, debt, and we have the causes which have dotted these hills with elegant villas, and which are attracting rnore and more the wealth and culture of neighboring cities. The death rate is less than 15 for 1,000 inhabitants. The town lies thirty miles due west from New York city. The Green is 371 feet above the ocean level. The population of Morris township, with Morristown, has grown pretty steadily during the period of census returns. These have been as follows: 1810,3,753; 1820, 3,524; 1830, 3,536; 1840, 4,006; 1850, 4,997; i860, 5,- 985 (182 colored); 1870, 5,673 (239 colored); 1875, 6,- 950 (285 colored); 1880, 6,837 (Morristown, 5,418). The statistics of property, taxation, etc., in 1881 were as follows: Acres in the township, 9,125; valuation of real estate, $4,360,000; personal property, $1,365,000; debt, $325,000; polls, 1,570; State school tax, $13,751; county tax, $12,832.42; road tax, $7,000; poor tax, $300. On the 29th of March 1684 David Barclay, Arthur Forbes and Gawen Lawrie wrote to the Scots proprie- tors respecting this part of the country: " There are also hills up in the country, but how much ground they take up we know not; they are said to be stony, and coverefj * In preparing the folio-wing pages for '.the " Illustrated History of Morris pounty " the compiler desires first of all to thank the many ■who have cheerfully aided him. Without this aid it would have been impossible for him, burdened with the care of a large church ai}4 parish, to have performed $he work. He has made free use of the materials placed in his han^i "o* hesitating to adopt the language, where it suited his purpose, as well as to record the facts furnished. Tp stste this is due as much to himself as tp the friends who have as- sisted him. He will venture to say that, from the time and care he has expended, as well as from the trustworthy character of the materials he has had ^it his disposal, he hopes f ev., if any. iijf portant errors will be discovered. He has oonabi^ntiously sought to ma^e these pages a reli- able history. with wood, and beyond them is said to be excellent land." This would indicate that this region was at that tirrie ierra incognita. But little definite information can be obtained concern- ing the first settlers of the township of Morris. They probably came from Newark, Elizabeth, Long Island and New England. This much the names which first meet us would seem to indicate. The same uncertainty at- taches to the date of their settlement. In the year 1767 the Rev. Jacob Green, third pastor of the Presbyterian church of Hanover, wrote a history of that church, which still survives in manuscript, in the preface of which he says that "about the year 17 10 a few families removed from Newark and Elizabeth, &c., and settled on the west side of the Passaic River, in that which is now Morris county." In the East Jersey Records, Liber F 3, p. 28, at Trenton, there appears the copy of a deed of a tract of land within the bounds of this township, consisting of 967 37 acres, which was conveyed on the ist of June 1769 by "the Right Hon. William, Earl of Sterling, and Lady Sarah, Countess of Stirling," for the sum of ^^2,902 to Colonel Staats Long Morris, of New York. The deed says this tract was originally surveyed in 17 15. In the same year the land on which Morristown is built was surveyed to Joseph Helby, Thomas Stephenson and John Keys or Kay. The last named had 2,000 acres, and each of the others 1,250 acres. Keys's claim em- braced the land now occupied by the park. That of Helby ran from George W. Johnes's toward Speedwell, and southwest to the former residence of General Doughty. That of Stephenson included the Revere and neighboring farms. We append the deed to Kay: " By virtue of a warrant from ye Council of Proprietors, bearing date ye tenth day of march last past, I have sur- veyed this Tract or Lott of land unto John Kay within ye VVestern Division of ye Province of New Jersey, in ye Last indian purchases made of ye Indians by ye said Proprietors; Situate upon & near a Branch of Passamisfe River Called whipene. beginning at a small hickory corner standing near a Black oak marked K, ten cha: distance from a corner of Wm. Pens Lands; thence Nortji no HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. west one hundred sixty & fiva cha: crossing ye said Whipene to a corner white oak marked also K; thence South west one hundred twenty and seven cha: & twenty five link to a poast for a corner under ye side of a hill called mine mountain; from thence Southeast one hun- dred sixty & five cha: to a poast; then North East one hundred twenty seven cha: & twenty five links, & by ye bound of Govn. Pens land to ye place of beginning; Containing Two thousand acres of Land besides one hundred acres allowance for Highways; surveyed April ye 28th 1 7 15 pr me R Bull Survy. "Ye 22 of August 1715 Inspected & approved of by ye Council of Prbprs. and ordered to be Entered upon Record. " Tests, John Wills clerk." We cannot be far out of the way in placing the date of the first settlement of Morristown back nearly or quite to 1 7 10, as found in the manuscript history of the Rev. Jacob Green. We know not when, where, or by whom the first house was built. It stood, no doubt, near the bank of the Whippany, where the grist-mill, the saw-mill and the forge were soon erected. The Indians had not then disappeared from the region ; while game abounded along the streams, and bears, wolves and panthers roamed through the forests. The motive which led to the settlement of the place by these early pioneers was probably the betterment of their temporal prospects^many of them being drawn hither by the iron in which the mountains abounded. To their praise be it said, however, that they were a God-fearing people. Religion had a controlling voice in all their movements. It was the religious element that led the New Englanders and the Scotch and the Irish to this province, whose fundamental condition guaranteed the largest liberty of conscience to all settlers; it was here that many came to be freed from the spiritual des- potism which galled them at home, and to certain locali- ties some repaired to test their favorite scheme of a pure church and a godly government in which power was to be exercised only by those who were members of the church, and where everything in active antagonism with this principle was to be removed. On this basis Newark and a few other towns were founded. Those who came into this region from older settlements where religion was deemed vital to the best interests of the people brought with them the sacred love of liberty and of truth, and the highest regard for religious institutions, which was operative here as elsewhere in honoring the Sabbath and the sanctuary and in regulating social and domestic life. Among the regulations made by the Duke of York for settlers in this province, under which regulations Morris- town was probably settled, we find the following, respect- ing the support of the gospel: " Every township is obliged to pay their own minister, according to such agreement as they shall make with him, and no man to refuse his own proportion; the minister being elected by the major part of the householders and inhabitants in the town." Such being the character of the people, we are not surprised to find a church established as early as 17 18. This was in Hanover — the church of which the Rev. James A. Ferguson is the pi-esent pastor. To this house of worship the people of West Hanover (Morristown) resorted until the year 1733. By that time, the number of inhabitants having largely increased and the distance being so great, the desire became general to have a church of their own, which was accomplished a few years later, when the First Presbyterian church began its long career. In 1738 the village, if it might be so named, was cen- tered mainly in Water street, though Morris street might boast of an occasional hut, and perhaps two or three might be found amidst the clearings of the Green. Else- where the forest trees were standing, and what is now the park could boast of the giant oak, the chestnut and other noble specimens of growth. The woods around were visited by the panther and the bear, while wolves in great numbers answered each other from the neighboring hills. The sheep and -cattle were brought into pens for the night. Roads were scarcely known. The bridle path or Indian trail was all that conducted the occasional trav- eler to Mendham, who saw on his way thither a mill, a blacksmith's shop and two dwellings — in three separate clearings. There was scarcely a better path to Basking Ridge. There were no postal routes, no newspapers and but few books to instruct and amuse. Life was then a reality. In the new settlement every one had to be busy in order to procure such comforts and necessaries as were required. Frugal habits and simple manners distinguished their every day life; and their domestic relations partook more of the patriarchal and less of the commercial, for worldly prosperity had not been sufficient to create that jealous distinction of rank with which we are so often charged as a community. Religion had a moulding in- fluence upon the household, and from dearth of news often formed the principal topic of converse between neighbors. The Sabbath was rigidly kept, and the church was regularly frequented. One church, as yet without a pastor, two public houses, a grist and saw-mill, a forge, a few scattered houses, an almost endless forest wherein still lingered the Indian and wild beast, a law-abiding and God-fearing people — these are the known conditions of that early time. TOWNSHIP HISTORY TO THE REVOLUTION. We come now to the second period of our history, — from the formation of the township to [|the beginning of the war of the Revolution. The original name of Morristown was West Hanover. This appears from]the minutes, of .the Synod ^,of Phila- delphia, to which we shall have occasion again to refer. As late as 1738 this name occurs in the synod's minutes. It was also called New Hanover, as appears from the licenses granted by the county court to keep public houses. A record in the first volume of minutes of the court of common pleas for Morris county, which is printed on page 21, fixes the date of the adoption of the present name of the township as March 25th 1740. Of this period between the formation of the township SUNDAY IN OLD MORRISTOWN— FORD THE COUNTERFEITER. 311 and the war of the Revolution little more need be said. The town grew but slowly. Some improvements were made. A Baptist church was organized and built and a court-house erected. A steeple was added to the Pres- byterian church and a bell placed in it. The needs of the people were few, and their mode of living was simple. Indications are not wanting, however, of the presence and gradual increase of families of wealth and culture, who gave to the town a reputation, which it still retains, of being " aristocratic." Sunday was the great day of the week.. Good Pastor Johnes, of the First Presbyterian Church, could see his congregation coming through the forest from the neigh- boring farms, not riding in wagons, but (if the distance was too great to walk) on horseback, the wife behind her husband on the pillion, while the children managed to cling on them as best they could. The women were clothed in homespun, from the fruits of that industry which has given the name of " spinster " to the unmar- ried daughters of the family, showing their constant oc- cupation. In the winter they brought their footstoves, filled with live coals, to put under their feet during ser- vice, while the men disdained such an approach to ef- feminacy. If there was an evening service each family brought one or two candles, and persons sat holding them during the meeting; for even candlesticks on the walls and pillars were not then provided. But though the men could bravely sit with cold feet in the winter, they did not hesitate to take off their coats in the heat of summer, and if sleep seemed likely to overpower them they would stand up and thus remain until the inclination to drowsiness had passed. The men sat together upon one side of the house, and the women and children upon the other side, separated from each other by the broad aisle. The young people occupied the galleries, the young men and boys upon one side of the church, the young ladies and girls upon the other. This necessitated the appointment of certain men of grave and staid aspect to sit m the galleries to preserve order. There is one item of history, however, which falls within this period, which can scarcely be passed over, and which we may place under the head of COUNTERFEITERS. It is not surprising that there should be at least one blot upon the fair history of Morristown. We would fain pass it by, but truth is inexorable, and the historian has no choice. The following account is for the most part a condensation from two articles, to which the reader is referred for fuller details — one by William A. Whitehead, on " The Robbery of the Treasury in 1768 " {Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, Vol. V.,p. 49), and the other by Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., on the " Early History of Morris County " {Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, Second Series, Vol. II., P- is)- Samuel Ford was the leader of a notorious gang of counterfeiters, who infested this region just previous to the war of the Revolution. He was the grandson of widow Elizabeth Lindsley, the mother of Colonel Jacob Ford. His father's name was also Samuel. His mother was Grace, the daughter of Abraham Kitchel, of Han- over, and sister of Aaron, the Congressman. Her great- grandfather was Rev. Abraham Pierson sen., of Newark. His family connections were therefore of the best and most respectable. Most of his companions in villainy also stood high in society. These were Benjamin Cooper, of Hibernia, son of Judge Cooper, before whom he was afterward tried for his crime; Dr. Bern Budd, a leading physician in Morristown, and a prominent mem- ber in its society; Samuel Haynes, and one Ayres, of Sussex county, both, as was also Cooper, justices of the peace; David Reynolds, a common man with no strong social connections; and others whose names will appear as we proceed. Ford had followed the business of counterfeiting, which he pleasantly called a "money-making affair," for a number of years before he began operations in this vicinity. In 1768 he was arrested by the authorities of New York on a charge of uttering false New Jersey bills of credit; but we cannot find that he was ever brought to trial. Shortly after this he went to Ireland to improve himself in his profession, this being his second trans- atlantic trip in the prosecution of his business. Ireland was reputed to furnish at this time the most skillful counterfeiters in the world. Here Ford became, it is said, " a perfect master of the business." He returned to this country in 1772, and at once set to work on an extensive scale. He established himself about midway between Morristown and Hanover, in a swamp island on the Hammock. For the greater part of the year the sur- rounding water was a foot deep. Through this swamp Ford was obliged to creep on his hands and knees to get to his work. He would leave his house at daylight v/ith his gun, as if in pursuit of game, and thus unwatched would attain his secret resort; for this practice was so .much in accordance with the idle life he had apparently always led that it excited neither surprise nor remark. Still it was difficult for people to understand how a man whose only ostensible means of livelihood were a few acres of swampy land, the cultivation of which moreover was sadly neglected, could wear the aspect of a thriving farmer with plenty of money. In one way and another suspicion was aroused; and at last, on the i6th of July 1773, Ford was arrested and lodged in the county jail. That very night, however, or the day following, he suc- ceeded in effecting his escape, being aided by a confed- erate by the name of John King, who in all probability was the same " John King" who was " late under-sheriff of Morris county." His position gave him, of course, every facility to aid his companion in crime. Nor did Sheriff Kinney escape the charge of implication in this matter. He was afterward indicted for remissness of duty in allowing the escape of so dangerous a prisoner. The privy council regarded him as "blamable for neg- ligence in his office, respecting the escape of Ford," and advised the governor " to prosecute the said indictment at the next court." 16 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Ford first fled to a lonely spot on the mountain, be- tween Mount Hope and Hibernia, and hid himself in a deserted colliery, called " Smultz's Cabin." Sheriff Kin- ney with a posse of men sought him there, but so leisure- ly that when he reached the cabin the bird had flown. From Hibernia Ford fled southward, boldly paying his way with his spurious Jersey bills and counterfeit coin. At last he reached Green Briar county, among the moun- tains of Virginia, where he settled and assumed the name of Baldwin. Here he followed the trade of a silversmith, forming a partnership with another man. During a se- vere illness he disclosed his real history to his partner's wife, who so sympathized with him that after his recov- ery and the death of her husband she married him, and thus became his third living wife. His first wife, as we have seen, was Grace Kitchel, of Hanover. While in Ireland, perfecting himself in his " profession," he mar- ried an Irish girl, with whom he is said to have received considerable money. She came to this country with him, and was well nigh crazed on finding that he already had a wife and children. She is said afterward to have mar- ried an Irishman, and lived for many years in Whippany. The pursuit of Ford was not of a very diligent charac- ter. When his whereabouts became known in the course of time it does not appear that he was molested. His oldest son, William Ford, and Stephen Halsey (son of Ananias) visited him in Virginia,- where they found him with "a great property," a new wife, and some promising young Baldwins; and thus the possible ancestor, so the historian suggests of the Virginia Baldwins who have figured in public life. To his son and Mr. Halsey he seemed to be a " most melancholy man." He professed to them a deep penitence for his sins, and a grace which led to a religious life; the sincerity of which we may how- ever be permitted to doubt, as it did not lead him to abandon his adulterous relations and do justice to the excellent woman in New Jersey whom he had left to support herself and his family without a farthing's aid from him. At the time of Ford's arrest and escape several other persons were taken up on suspicion of being connected with him in his " money-making scheme." On the 4th of August 1773 ^ special term of oyer and terminer was held for the purpose of eliciting information respecting the parties implicated and the extent of their guilt. On the 14th one of those concerned, that he might mitigate his own punishment, made a partial confession, and was followed by another who gave a full and explicit state- ment of all the details. The swamp was examined and the press found, together with a set of plates for printing the bills of Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey; a quantity of type and other materials, and a leather wrapper in which the money was kept. The late Sheriff Robertson of Morris county became the owner of the house in which Ford lived, on the Hammock, and in repairing it found some of Ford's counterfeiting tools in the walls, where many years before he had secreted them. But the confessions of which we have spoken led to other results than the discovery of the counterfeiters' paraphernalia. Men who occupied high positions in so- ciety were arrested. Their names have already been given — Cooper, Budd, Haynes, Reynolds and Ayers. The last was of Sussex, and was tried in that county. The other four were arraigned in the old court-house at Morristown on the 19th of August 1773. A thousand people were thought to be within its walls, and among them all scarcely an eye could be found which did not exhibit some tokens of sympathetic sorrow. Having pleaded guilty, the sentence was now to be pronounced upon them, viz. that upon the 17th of September follow- ing they should expiate their crime upon the gallows. One of the magistrates before whom the case was tried, was father of one of the culprits. The best families and society in the county had representatives in the number of the condemned. But the sentence thus faithfully pro- nounced was not to be as faithfully executed. The re- spectability of the culprits and their influential connec- tions were made to bear with great effect upon the par- doning power. The day fixed for their execution ar- rived, and Reynolds, who seems to have been really the least guilty of the lot, but who alone unfortunately for himself had no influential friends, suffered the ignomini- ous death to which he had been sentenced; while the other three were remanded, and finally in December, after a number of respites, Governor Franklin gave them a full pardon. Dr. Budd continued to live in Morristown until his death, from putrid fever, December 14th 1777, at the age of thirty-nine. So great was his reputed skill in the practice of his profession that he still found many ready to employ him. One of his patients, a very inquisitive woman, the first time she had occasion for his services after his pardon, asked him very naively " how he kind of felt when he came so near being hanged." His answer is not recorded. This " money-making scheme " of Ford and his com- panions has a wider than local interest from its con- nection with the robbery of the treasury of East Jersey at Perth Amboy, on the night of the 21st of July 1768,' in which ^^6,570 9s. 4d. in coin and bills were stolen. Cooper, Haynes and Budd, under sentence of death for counterfeiting, as above narrated, made confessions which pointed to Ford as the planner and prime mover of this bold and successful villainy, the first of whom admitted having received ^300 of the stolen money. Ford strenuously denied the charge; but his denial could scarcely counterbalance the confessions just noticed. He was never tried for the crime, having fled, as already seen, beyond the reach of the law before the confessions were made. The career of this bad man is the one foul blot upon our local history, bringing disgrace to the town, and sor- row of heart to the estimable family of which he was a most unworthy representative. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. PATRIOTS OF MORRIS COUNTY. The period of the war of the Revolution forms a chapter by itself in the local history of Morristown, a chapter to MORRISTOWN PATRIOTS IN 1775. 113 which the leading historians of those eventful years have paid too little attention. This neglect will justify a somewhat full account of this memorable period. Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, pastor of the Presbyterian church of Madison from 1854 to 1862, and Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., pastor of the Presbyterian church of Rockaway from 1848 to 1862, and since that time president of Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., have done much to preserve the revolutionary history of this region. Valuable articles from their pens upon this subject may be found in The Historical Magazine, published at Mor- risania, N. Y., by Henry B. Dawson, in the numbers for March, May and June 1871. To these articles we are largely indebted in the preparation of this sketch. When the war of the Revolution began the village of Morristown numbered, it is said, about 250 inhabitants, while in the redion about was a thriving and somewhat populous farming community. From the rolls of the church, which good Pastor Johnes so carefully kept, and from the records of the court, we are able to determine pretty fully these early names. Colonel Jacob Ford sen., Colonel Jacob Ford jr., Dr. Jabez Campfield, Major Jo- seph Lindsley, Jacob Johnson, Silas Condict, Rev. Timothy Johnes and John Doughty were among the leading citizens, while the names of Prudden, Pierson, Fairchild, Freeman, Howell, Allen, Day, Dickerson, King, Wood, Lum, Cutler, Beach, Tichenor, Hathaway, Frost, Blatchley, Crane, Coe, Munson, etc., are of fre- quent occurrence. The Hathaway and Johnes families owned and oc- cupied property to the north of the town, the Ford fam- ily to the east. General John Doughty to the south, and Silas Condict and his brothers to the west. Colonel Jacob Arnold, of " Light Horse " fame, was keeping tav- ern on the west side of the park, in the building now owned by P. H. Hoffman; while Colonel Jacob Ford had just built the mansion in which Washington passed a winter, and which is now known as the " Head- quarters." The financial condition of the people at that time was far from prosperous, but they were none the less zealous in their attachment to the cause of freedom and desire for the prosecution of the war. While the great mass of the inhabitants were Whigs, there were nevertheless a few tories. An amusing incident is told of "an English immigrant," residing in Hanover, " a man of considerable property and not a little hauteur, who had drunk deeply into toryisra," who held " many an ardent controversy " with " Parson Green " on the subject of American inde- pendence. Ashbel Green, the parson's son, heard the talk and afterward saw this tory standing up in the church on a Sunday, while the minister read his confession of the sin of toryism; being earnestly moved thereto by the rumor that some of the hot bloods of Morristown had threatened him with a coat of tar and feathers. This was in the forenoon; in the afternoon the culprit rode rapidly to the said " neighboring town " to get Dr. Johnes to read for him the same confession there, which the doctor at last convinced him was unnecessary. The courts were less forbearing to tories, from the records of which it appears they had either to " repent or perish." On the nth of January 1775 the Legislature met at Perth Amboy. The representatives from Morris county were Jacob Ford and William Winds. It is quite evident from the proceedings that the Assembly and the governor were by no means in accord. In fact their views were as wide apart as the poles. Cortland Skinner, of Perth Amboy, was speaker. On the 13th of January the governor addressed the Assembly; his speech was short, but was pointed and filled with suggestive warn- ings of the fatal consequences of treason. The speech was read twice after its delivery and then "'committed" to a committee of the whole house. Before this action a " committee of grievances," consisting of ten members, was appointed, Jacob Ford, from Morris county, being a member. This committee or any three of them were authorized to meet at such times and places as they might think proper to appoint, either during the sitting of the Assembly or at any other time. The address of the governor had given the Assembly much trouble, as that body in a committee of the whole house had spent several days considering it and in preparation of a reply. In his rejoinder the governor declined further, argument. The following resolution, passed at a meeting of the county committee of observation held in Hanover, Feb- ruary 15th 1775, 's but the prelude to the drama of sacri- fice and suffering so soon to be enacted: ^^ Resolved unanimously, that this committee will, after the first day of March next, esteem it a violation of the seventh article of said association if any person or per- sons should kill any sheep until it is four years old, or sell any such sheep to any person who he or they may have cause to suspect will kill them or carry them to market; and further that they will esteem it a breach of said article if any inhabitant of this township should sell any sheep of any kind whatsoever to any person dwelling out of this county, or to any person who they may have cause to suspect will carry them out of this county, with- out leave first obtained of this committee." No toothsome lamb to tickle the palates of these stout- hearted patriots, while the wool from the backs of the live animals was needed to make the necessary garments for themselves and their families. No woolen fabrics for them from the looms and factories of their oppressors, while they could shear and children could pick and wives and daughters could card and spin and weave the wool of the native sheep into cloth. No linen or cordage from across the water if they could raise hemp and flax. The same committee at the same meeting also provided pro- tection of a certain sort for the consumer of domestic manufactures. While they urged the care and growth of fabrics for home consumption and placed the tariff of public opinion most strongly on the wares of their great enemy, they protected the consumer from exorbitant prices. So they resolved that " if any manufacturer of any article made for home consumption or any vender of goods or merchandise in this township shall take advan- tage of the necessities of his country, by selling at an unusual price, such person shall be considered an enemy to his country; and do recommend it to the inhabitants 114 HISTORY OF kORRtS COUNTV. of this township to remember that after the ist of March next no East India tea is to be used in any case whatso- ever." At the beginning of the war one of the most enterpris- ing of Morristown's " leading citizens " was Colonel Jacob Ford. The past and present prominence of the Ford family in local history warrants the insertion of the fol- lowing genealogical note. In the diary of the late Hon. Gabriel H. Ford, son of Colonel Jacob Ford jr., was found the following entry: Thursday, 22sf Jicne 1849. — ^ census was taken in the years 177T and 1772 in the British provinces of America, and deposited, after the Revolution, as public archives, at Washington; but their room becoming much wanted, those of each province were delivered to the members of Congress from it, to cull what they chose, preparatory to a burning of the rest. General Mahlon Dickerson, then a member from New Jersey, selected some from the county of Morris, and sent rae yesterday a copy verbatim of one entry, as follows; "Widow Elizabeth Lindsley, mother of Colonel Jacob Ford, was born in the city of Axford, in old England; came into Philadelphia when there was but one house in it; and into this province when she was but one year and a half old. Deceased April 2rst 1772, aged 91 years and one month." I always un- derstood in the family by tradition from her (whose short stature and slender, bent person, I clearly recall, having lived in the same house with her and with my parents, in my grandfather's family, at her death and before it) that her father fled from England when there was a universal dread of returning popery and persecution, three years before the death of Charles the Second, A. D. 1682, and two years before the accession of James the Second, in 1684; that while landing his goods at Philadelphia he fell from a plank into the Delaware river and was drowned between the ship and the shore, leaving a family of young children in the wilderness. That she had several children by her first husband, whose name was Ford, but none by her second husband, whose name was Lindsley; at whose death she was taken into the family of her son, Colonel Jacob Ford sen., and treated with filial tenderness the remaining years of her life, which were many. I am in the 85th year (since Jan- uary last) of my age, being born in 1765, and was 7 years old at her death. Her son. Colonel Jacob Ford sen., was, as we have seen, one of the judges of " the inferior court of common pleas for Morris county" in 1740, and for many years thereafter he appears to have delivered the charges to the grand jury, and was not infrequently a member of the lower house in the Provincial Assembly. His second son and namesake was not less prominent than his hon- ored father. Though a young man he had been previous to the war intrusted with difficult missions by the State, which he had faithfully executed. But his name comes into special prominence as the builder of an important powder-mill, on the Whippany River, near Morristown, the exact location of which we regret we have been un- able to ascertain. Early in the year 1776, as may be gathered from the Boteler papers in the New Jersey his- torical library, he " offered to erect a powder-mill in the county of Morris, for the making of gunpowder, an article so essential at the present time "; and the Provincial Congress agreed to lend him ;^2,ooo of the public money for one year, without interest, on his giving " satisfactory security for the same to be repaid within the time of one year in good merchantable powder "; the first installment " of one ton of good merchantable powder " to be paid " on first of July next, and one ton per month thereafter till the sum of ^2,000 be paid." This " good merchant- able powder " did excellent service in many a battle thereafter, and wasone of the main reasons of the re- peated but fruitless attempts of the enemy to reach Mor- ristown. That the brilliant services of Colonel Ford were appreciated at the time may be seen by reference to the American Archives, Vol. III., 1,259, 1,278 and r,4ig. Such an attempt was made but a few months after the powder-mill was put into operation. But the man who was capable of making " good merchantable powder " was capable of using it and thus defending his invaluable mill. On the fourteenth of December 1776 the enemy reached Springfield, where they were met by Colonel Ford's militia, numbering seven hundred, with such spirit that they were glad to relinquish their design of reaching Morristown, and retreat the next day, under General Leslie, " toward Spank-Town." On the 13th of the same month, the day before the engagement at Springfield, a company of British dragoons had pene- trated as far as Basking Ridge, where they captured Gen- eral Charles Lee. These incidents lead to a correction of the prevalent mistake that no portion of the American army was in camp in this vicinity until after the battle of Prince- ton. On the 20th of December 1776 Washington wrote to the president of Congress that he had " directed the three regiments from Ticonderoga to halt at Morristown, in Jersey (where I understand about eight hundred militia had collected), in order to inspirit the inhabitants, and, as far as possible, to cover that part of the country." These were " eastern regiments," and were led hither under the command of Colonel Vose. They were: " Greaton's regiment, about 250 men; Bond's do., 100; Porter's do., 170; in all 520 men." In a letterof General McDougall to Washington, bearing date December 19th 1776, he says he came to Morristown the day after Gen- eral Lee was captured at Basking Ridge, and that Vose arrived at Morristown " day before yesterday," which was therefore the 17th of December. General Washing- ton did not reach Morristown until the 7th of the follow- ing month. The importance of Colonel Ford's powder- mill in the estimation of both friend and foe was doubt- less the main reason why Washington ordered these eastern regiments to remain in Morristown at a time when he so greatly needed them. The absence of a Morris county regiment in the- north, who were in the regular service under the command of Colonel William Winds, it should be said, had largely diminished the local means of defense, and rendered necessary the presence of these eastern regiments. Colonel Ford's militia doubtless re- mained under arms until the- arrival of Washington. On the 22nd of December he led them home from Chatham, where they had remained to watch the movements of the enemy. On the 31st of the same month they were on parade, only a week before the arrival of Morristown's, WASHINGTON AT ARNOLD'S— THE SMALLPOX HOSPITALS. IIS greater guest. It is not probable that they had disbanded before that time. Washington's first winter in morristown. Washington reached Morristown January 7th 1777. The memorable campaign which had just closed; the re- treat through New Jersey, known as "the mud rounds;" the brilliant victories of Trenton and Princeton, need not be here related. On the 4th of January the battle of Princeton was' fought, and three days afterward the American army went into winter quarters at Morristown and vicinity... Washington himself located at the Arnold tavern. This historic building is still standing, though considerably altered since it sheltered its illustrious guest. It is situated on the west side of the Green, or what is now called Park place, and is occupied on the first floor by the grocery store of Adams & Fairchild, the clothing store of P. H. Hoffman and jewelry store of F. J. Crowell, At that time it was a two-storied house. The first floor was divided into four rooms, with a hall running through the center from front to rear. Wash- ington, according to Mr. Tuttle, occupied the two rooms on the south side, where is now the grocery store, using the front room as a general office and sitting room and the back for a sleeping apartment. The present owner of the building, P. H. Hoffman, says Washington slept in the front room over his store; where the grocery store is was only one room — the par- lor. The hall through which the great man was wont to pass was recently fitted up as a store, and is now occu- pied by the jeweler above mentioned. Among the tradi- tions concerning the occupancy of this house by Wash- ington is one that he was initiated into the mysteries of freemasonry in this building, though some accounts say it was in a different building but occurred while his headquarters were in this one. This tradition will, how- ever, appear further on to have no foundation in fact. Those were dark days for Washington and his fellow patriots. He had scarcely settled in his new quarters before trouble began. Four days after his arrival he was called to mourn the loss of the brave and noble Colonel Jacob Ford jr. On the parade of the 31st of December, to which reference has already been made. Colonel Ford was seized " with a delirium in his head and was borne off by a couple of soldiers, after which he never rose from his bed." He died January nth 1777, at the early age of nearly thirty-nine years, being born February rgth 1738. Thus died, in the midst of his usefulness and in the vigor of his manhood, one of the most promising and brilliant men whom Morristown and Morris county ever produced. On January 27th 1762 he married Theodo- cia, daughter of Rev. Timothy Johnes, who afterward became the hostess of Washington in his second winter at Morristown, in the house now celebrated as the " Headquarters." Colonel Ford was buried, by the order of Washington, with the honors of war. On the igth of the same month his father. Colonel Jacob Ford sen., died of fever, at the age of 73, being born April 13th 1704. Death made fearful inroads that memorable winter, both in the army and among the citizens. On the nth of January 1777, the same day the younger Ford died* the death of Martha, widow of Joshua Ball, from small- pox, is recorded, the sad forerunner of the darkest year this community ever saw. There were two more deaths during the month from the same disease; and then the roll rapidly increased until in that one year it had reached 68 deaths from smallpox. No age or condition was spared. The infant, the mother, the father, the youth, the aged, the bond, the free, were reckoned among its victims. But smallpox was not the only disease working havoc in that dread year. Putrid sore throat, dysentery, and other maladies swelled the death roll of the parish to the astounding number of 205, exclusive of all who died in the army. "An establishment," says Sparks, " for inoculation was provided near Morristown for the troops in camp; one at Philadelphia for those coming from the south, another in Connecticut, another in Providence." Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, in his " Sketch of Bottle Hill during the Rev- olution " [Historical Magazine), however, has clearly shown that this was not " an establishment," but a series of inoculating hospitals in the towns of Morris and Han- over. From him we learn that one of these hospitals was the house which stood at that time on the farm of the late John Ogden, about two miles south of Morris- town. The house was -then owned and occupied by Elijah Pierson, and for several months it was continually filled with both soldiers and citizens, who repaired thither in order to guard themselves, by inoculation, against the smallpox. " I have been informed," says Mr. Tuttle, " by some of the Brookfield family, residing but a little distance from the Lowantica camp ground, that they received it from their Revolutionary ancestors, who lived and died on the ground, that during the same winter there was a small encampment on the hill back of the Bonsall mansion, a short distance north of the place last described [Pierson's]; and it has seemed to me not improbable that there was an arrangement also made for inoculating the army." The old First Presbyterian and Baptist churches, the predecessors of the present buildings, were not exempt from the necessities of this terrible scourge. They, too, were turned into smallpox hospitals for soldiers. Under date of September i6th 1777, when the plague had been stayed, we find in the trustees' book of the former church the following minute: "Agreed that Mr. Conklin, Mr. Tuthill, Mr. Lindsly & Mr. Stiles or any two of them wait upon some of the Docts. of the Hospital in Morristown & apply for a resignation of the meeting house, and if obtained then to apply to the Commanding Officer at this post to remove the troops thence; & at their discretion to proceed further in cleansing and refitting the house for Public Worship & to make report of their progress in the premises at their next meeting." It would appear that the progress made in the premises was not altogether satisfactory, for under date of July 13th 1778 appears this entry: ii6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. "July 13th 1778 the Trustees met at Doer. Tuthill's; present, Mr. Conklin, Mr. Tuthill, Mr. Stiles, Mr. Linds- ley, Mr. Mills & the President; agreed that Mr. Tuthill, Mr. Stiles & Mr. Mills be a committee to wait on Doct. Draper & inform him of the Law of this State Relative to Billeting of Soldiers, & that the committee or either of them be Impowered to prosecute such Person or Per- sons who may take possession of the meeting house or other property of the Trustees contrary to the said Law, & that they make report what they have done in the premises to this Board at their next meeting." As the army left here in May 1777 we may infer from this last minute that the church was retained as a hospital for those incapacited by sickness from the severities of active warfare. If this be so the pastor and people were obliged for a year and a half to worship, as we know they did a part of the time, in the open air. An incident of special interest to the ivriter of this article may be mentioned in this connection. He has heard his mother relate the old stories which her father, Nehemiah Smith, told her when a child of his experience in the Revolutionary war. Although she does not re- member the name of Morristown, yet these stories are so circumstantial as to leave no doubt in her mind that he was a smallpox patient in the old church of which the writer was lately the pastor. In the work of inoculation, to which the people seriously objected, Washington was greatly aided by the influence of the ministry, especially of Dr. Johnes and Parson Green. How large the death roll in the army was cannot now be ascertained, but that hundreds were swept away by the plague cannot be doubted. Disease, however, was not the only cause of anxiety to the guest of the " Arnold tavern." Very soon after reaching here he wrote the following letter, which reveals another serious source of alarm: "Headquarters, Morristown, January 31st 1777. " The great countenance and protection shown and given to deserters by persons in the different neighbor- hoods from whence they originally came has made that vice so prevalent in the army that, unless some very ef- fectual measures are fallen upon to prevent it, our new army will scarcely be raised before it will again dwindle and waste away from that cause alone. " I know of no remedy so effectual as for the different States immediately to pass laws laying a very severe pen- alty upon those who harbour or fail to give information against deserters, knowing them to be such, and strictly enjoining all justices of the peace and officers of the militia to keep a watchful eye over and apprehend "all such persons as shall return from the army without a discharge. " In order that this most salutary measure may be car- ried speedily into execution, I have not only desired Congress to recommend it to the different States, but have myself wrote circular letters to them all, pressing their compliance with my request. Desertion must cease of course when the offenders find they have no shelter. " I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your most obe- dient servant. Go. Washington. " To the Hon. the representatives of the State of New Jersey." Then, too, Washington was not altogether satisfied with the position of Morristown as a place for. locating his army. On reaching here he writes: "The situation is by no means favorable to our views, and as soon as the purposes are answered for which we came I think to re- move, though I confess I do not know how we shall pro- cure covering for our men elsewhere," That he did not soon remove, and that he returned here for another winter, would indicate that as he became more familiar with the topography of the county his early impression of " the unfavorable situation " was changed. January 13th, scarcely a week after his arrival here, he wrote two letters to Lord Howe, on the subject of " the barbarous usage " our soldiers and sailors were receiving in New York, " which their emaciated countenances confirm." " Did he not endeavor to obtain a redress of their grievances," he writes " he would think himself as culpable as those who inflict such severities upon them." The correspondence which passed between these two distinguished persons during the winter had in the midst of all its seriousness, if tradition may be believed, an oc- casional vein of humor. Howe is said to have sent to Washington, at one time, a copy of Watts's version of the one hundred and twentieth Psalm, as follows: " Thou God of love, thou ever blest. Pity my suffering state ; When wilt thou set my soul at rest From lips that love deceit ? " Hard lot of mine ! my days are cast Among the sons of strife, "Whose never ceasing brawlings waste My golden hours of life. " O ! might I change my place. How would I choose to dwell In some wide, lonesome wilderness. And leave these gates of hell !" To this, it is said, Washington returned Watts's version of the one liundred and first Psalm, entitled " The Magistrate's Psalm," containing the following pointed verses: " In vain shall sinners strive to rise By flattering and malicious lies ; And while the innocent I guard The'bold offender sba'nt he spared. " The impious crew, that factious liand. Shall hide their heads, or quit the land ; And all who break the public rest. Where I have power, shall be supprest." Rev. Dr. J. F. Tuttle states that he received the above tradition from two entirely distinct sources. Still another trouble weighed heavily upon the anxious heart of Washington. The term of enlistment of many of his troops was about to expire; and most earnest let- ters were sent " to the council of safety,'' '" to the presi- dent of Congress," " to the governors of the thirteen States," calling for more men and munitions. On the 26th of January he wrote: " Reinforcements come up so extremely slow that I am afraid I shall be left without any men before they arrive. The enemy must be igno- rant of our numbers, or they have not horses to move their artillery, or they would not suffer us to remain un- disturbed." One of the members of " the council of safety " was Silas Condict, of this town. The following letter of his is not without interest: TORY SPIES AT MORRISTOWN— GAMBLING IN CAMP. T17 " MoRRiSTOWN, April 7th 1777. " Dear Sir, — This day I received your favor of the 23d ult., wherein you acquaint me that I have been appointed one of the council of safety. I am much concerned that you have so few members attending at this critical season; and, although it is extremely difficult at present for me to leave home (my family being inoculated and not yet through the smallpox), yet I will come at any time rather than public business should suffer, on notice being given me that it is necessary. Colonel De Hart told me to-day that the battalion had arranged its officers, and only wanted an opportunity to present it for commission. The colonel says that he has at General Washington's re- quest examined several of the prisoners now in jail here, and that it will be best for the council of safety to sit in this county soon; and if this is thought proper I think it will be best to sit either at Mendham or at Captain Dunn's, in Roxbury, as the army is still at Morristown, and it will be inconvenient to sit there. " I am, with great respect, your most obedient and humble servant, " Silas Condict. " His Excellency Gov. Livingston." The jail, as Mr. Condict's letter informs us, was full of prisoners. These were spies, tories, and dangerous char- acters. The i)resence of such persons was another source of annoyance and anxiety. But their cunning was not always successful. Dr. Tuttle relates an anecdote which he had from G. P. McCulloch, who heard it from General Doughty, a Revolutionary soldier, residing in Morristown. A certain man was employed by Washing- ton af a spy, to gain information concerning the enemy, but it was suspected that he carried the enemy more news than he brought to those in whose employ he was. General Greene, who acted as quartermaster-general, oc- cupied a small office on the southeast corner of the Green, where the drug store of Geiger & Smith now is. One day Colonel Hamilton was in this office when the sus- pected spy made his appearance. The colonel had pre- pared what purported to be a careful statement of the condition of the army, both as to numbers and munitions, making the numbers much more flattering than the actual facts. Leaving this statement on the table, apparently by mistake. Colonel Hamilton left the office, saying he would return in a few minutes. The spy instantly seized the paper as a very authentic document, and left with it for parts unknown. It was supposed that this trick did much to preserve the army from attack that winter. Still another source of trouble is apparent from the following " general order:" " Headquarters, Morristown, 8th May 1777. " As few vices are attended with more pernicious con- sequences than gaming — which often brings disgrace and ruin upon officers, and injury and punishment upon the soldiery — and reports prevailing (which it is to be feared are too well founded) that this destructive vice has spread its baleful influence in the army, and in a peculiar manner to the prejudice of the recruiting service, the ■commander-in-chief, in the most pointed and explicit terms, forbids all officers and soldiers playing at cards, dice, or at any games except those of exercise, for diver- sion; it being impossible, if the practice be allowed at all, to d'iscriminate between innocent play for amusement and criminal gaming for pecuniary and sordid purposes. " Officers attentive to their duty will find abundant employment in training and disciplining their men, pro- viding for them, and seeing that they appear neat, clean and soldierlike. Nor will anything redound more to their honor, afford them more solid amusement, or better answer the end of their appointment, than to devote the vacant moments they may have to the study of military authors. " The commanding officer of every corps is strictly en- joined to have this order frequently read and strongly impressed upon the minds of those under his command. Any officer or soldier, or other persons belonging to or following the army— either in camp, in quarters, on the recruiting service, or elsewhere— presuming, under any pretence, to disobey this order, shall be tried by a general court martial. The general officers in each division of the army are to pay the strictest attention to the due exercise thereof. "The adjutant-general is to transmit copies of this order to the diff'erent departments of the army. _ Also, to execute the same to be immediately published in the gazettes of each State, for the information of officers dis- persed on the recruiting service. " By his Excellency's command, " Morgan Connor, Adj. pro tem." It is not to be wondered at that under all these depress- ing circumstances the troubled heart of Washington turned for support and comfort to the God of all strength, to the God of nations and of battles. We are not sur- prised, therefore, that as the time of the communion drew near, which was then observed semi-annually, Washington sought good Pastor Johnes, and inquired of him if membership with the Presbyterian church was required "as a term of admission to the ordinance." The doctor's reply was, "Ours is npt the Presbyterian table, but the Lord's table, and we hence give the Lord's invitation to all his followers, of whatever name." This pleased and satisfied the general, and on the coming Sab- bath, in the cold air, he was present with the congrega- tion assembled in the orchard in the rear of the parson- age, the house now occupied by Mrs. Eugene Ayers, on Morris street; and in the natural basin still found there he sat down at the table of the Lord, and in the remem- brance of redeeming love obtained no doubt relief from the scenes that appalled and the cares that oppressed him. The common opinion is that the Lord's Supper was ad- ministered in the church. This is so stated in Sparks's life of Washington and by other writers, but the true version is as already given. The church was occupied by invalid troops till the close of the year 1777, if not till some time in 1778, as the records of the trustees show. This was the only time after his entrance upon his public career that Washington is certainly known to have par- taken of the Lord's Supper. (For the proof of this interesting historical incidenl the reader is referred to The Record ior ]m\t a.x\A Kn- gust 1880.) Washington was a frequent attendant upon these open- air meetings. On one of these occasions, according to an account handed down by Doctor Johnes, Washington was sitting in his camp chair, brought in for the occasion. During the service a woman came into the congregation with a child in her arms; Washington arose from his chair and gave it to the woman with the child. ii8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The Rev. O. L. Kirtland, a former pastor in this town, in a letter to the Fi-esbyterian Magazine, and copied in The Record ior '^nne 1880, relates the following, which not only reveals the terrible trials of that winter, but the character of Washington, and the great secret of his power over the army: " Soon after I came to Morristown, in 1837 I think, I visit'ed ray native place, and met there an old man, bowed down with a^e, leaning tremblingly upon the top of his staff. His name was Cook. In my early child- hood he had been the physician in my father's family. As the old man met me, he said, ' You are located in Morristown, are you ?' ' Yes, sir.' ' I was there too,' said the doctor, once; ' I was under Washington in the army of the Revolution. It was hard times then — hard times. There was a time when all our rations were but a single gill of wheat a day. Washington used to come round and look into our tents, and he looked so kind, and he said so tenderly, ' Men, can you bear it ?' ' Yes, general, yes, we can,' was the reply; 'if you wish us to act, give us the word, and we are ready.' " Tradition relates that Washington amidst all his other troubles during that dreadful winter was not himself ex- empt from the hand of disease. He had, it is said, a dangerous attack of quinsy sore throat, so that his friends felt serious apprehensions about his recovery. In this fear they asked him to indicate the man best fitted to succeed him in the command of the army, and without hesitation he pointed to General Nathaniel Greene. Thus' that ever- memorable season wore away. The homes of our citizens vvere filled with the soldiers billeted upon them, and for whom they had to provide. Suffer- ing, deprivation, disease and death were upon every hand. Never were these combinations of evils better calculated to undermine the courage of all concerned in the struggle; and yet their faith in God never failed. Washington was not an unmoved spectator of the griefs about him, and often might be seen in Hanover and Lowantica Valley cheering the faith and inspiring the courage of his suffering men. His labors were very heavy in the southeast room of the "Arnold tavern:" urging on Congress the necessity of tendering an oath of allegiance to all the inhabitants and outlawing those that refused it; now advising and inspiring his generals — Benedict Arnold among them, but too base to be elevated by his communion with the great spirit of the age; now hurrying forward the enlistment of troops and the col- lection of munitions; now teaching Lord Howe some lessons in humanity by the law of retaliation; " although," says he, "I shall always be happy to manifest my disin- clination to any undue severities toward those whom the fortune of war may chance to throw into my hands." His situation is extremely trying, for on the 2nd of March he writes: " General Howe cannot have * * * less than ten thousand men in the Jerseys. * * * Our number does not exceed four thousand. His are well disciplined, well officered and well appointed; ours raw militia, badly officered and under no government." The balance sheet thus struck seemed to be against him. But then Robert Morris, the great finaneier of the Revolution, did not express himself too strongly in writing that very winter to Washington: "Heaven no doubt for the noblest purposes has blessed you with a firmness of mind, steadiness of countenance, and patience in sufferings, that give you infinite advantages over other men." About the end of May Washington led his army from Morristown to engage in the campaign of 1777, made memorable by the bloody reverses of Chad's Ford and Germantown. Washington's second winter at morristown. We pass over fhe intervening time between Washing- ton's leaving Morristown in May 1777 and his return to it in December 1779. The duty of selecting the winter quarters in the latter year had been committed to General Greene, who had reported two places to the commander- in-chief, the one at Aquackanock, the other within four miles of Morristown. Greene preferred the former, but Washington's preference was the latter. On the 7th of December 1779 he writes to Governor Livingston from Morristown that " the main army lies within three or four miles from this place." And on the 15th he ordered Generals Greene and Duportail " to examine all the grounds in the environs of our present encampment for spots most proper to be occupied in case of any move- ment of the enemy toward us," the positions to be large enough for the maneuvers of ten thousand men. On the ist of December 1779 Washington became the guest of Mrs. Ford, the widow of Colonel Jacob Ford jr. and daughter of the Rev. Timothy Johnes. On the 22nd of January r78o he wrote to Quarter- master General Greene, whose duty it was to provide for the comfort of the commander-in-chief: " I have been at my present quarters since the ist day of December, and have not a kitchen to cook a dinner in — nor is there a place at this moment in which a servant can lodge with the smallest degree of comfort. Eighteen belonging to my family and all Mrs. Ford's are crowded together in her kitchen, and scarce one of them able to speak for the colds they have." Soon a log kitchen was built at the east end of the house for the use of Washington's family. At the west end of the house, and but a little distance from it, another log cabin was built for a general office, which Washington occupied particularly in the day-time, with Colonel Alexander Hamilton and Major Tench Tighlman. This cluster of buildings was guarded night and day by sentinels. In the field southeast of the house huts were built for Washington's life guards, of whom there are said to have been two hundred and fifty, under command of General Colfax, grandfather of Schuyler Colfax, late vice-president of the United States. Several times in the course of the winter false alarms were given of the approach of the enemy. First a distant report of a gun would be heard from the most remote sentinel, and when one nearer, and so on, until the senti- nels by the house would fire in turn. From them it would be communicated on toward Morristown, until the last gun would be heard far to the westward at camp. Immediately the life guard would rush into the house, WASHINGTON AT THE "HEADQUARTERS." 119 barricade the doors, open the windows, and about five men would place themselves at each window, with their muskets brought to a charge, loaded and cocked ready for defense. There they would remain until the troops were seen marching, with music, at quick step toward the mansion. During one of these alarms an amusing inci- dent occurred tending to show the coolness of Washing- ton. One evening, about midnight, when some of the younger ofificers were indulging themselves over their wine, in the dining-room, an alarm was given. A guest, a young man from New York, something of a bon vivant, was in much trepidation, and rushing out into the entry exclaimed, " Where's the general ? Where's the general?" Washington, just then coming down stairs, met him, and in moderate tones said, " Be quiet, young man, be quiet." Timothy Ford, a son of Washington's hostess, was a severe sufferer all that winter from the effects of a wound received in a battle the previous fall; and among other pleasing courtesies we are told that every morning Wash- ington knocked at Timothy's door, and asked how the young soldier had passed the night. There was some- times scarcity at the headquarters as well as in the camp, as the following anecdote will show: '' We have nothing but the rations to cook, sir," said Mrs. Thompson, a very worthy Irishwoman, and housekeeper, to General Wash- ington. " Well, Mrs. Thompson, you must cook the ra- tions, for I have not a farthing to give you." " If you please, sir, let one of the gentlemen give me an order for six bushels of salt." "Six bushels of salt; for what?" " To preserve the fresh beef, sir." One of the aids gave the order, and next day his excellency's table was amply provided. Mrs. Thompson was sent for, and told she had done very wrong to expend her own money, for it was not known when she could be repaid. " I owe you," said his excellency, " too much already to permit the debt being increased, and our situation is not such as to induce very sanguine hope." " Dear sir," said the good old lady, " it is always darkest just before daylight, and I hope your excellency will forgive me for bartering salt for the other necessaries now on the table." Salt was eight dollars a bushel and could always be exchanged with the country people for articles of provision. A sketch of Washington now before me, says: "He (Washington) sometimes smiled, but is not recollected to have been seen laughing heartily except on one occasion. This was when he was describing Arnold's escape, and giving an account of his ludicrous appearance as he gal- loped from the Robinson House, near West Point, to embark on board the enemy's vessel." Dr. Tuttle in his paper on "Washington at Morristown," says: " The late General John Doughty of Morristown was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and knew Washing- ton both winters he spent at Morristown. He often told his friends that he never heard of Washington's laughing loud but once during the two winters. The exception was one that took place in the spring of 1780, when Washington had purchased a young spirited horse of great power, but which was not broken to the saddle. A man in the army, or town, who professed to be a perfect horseman, and who made loud proclamation of his gifts in that line, solicited and received permission from the general to break the horse to the saddle. Immediately back of Southside, below Market street was a large yard, to which Washington and his friends went to see the horse receive his first lesson. After many preliminary flourishes, the man made a leap to the horse's back, but no sooner was he seated than the horse made what is known as a ' stiff leap,' threw down his head and up his heels, casting the braggart over his head in a sort of elliptical curve. As Washington looked at the man, un- hurt but rolling in the dirt, the ludicrous scene overcame his gravity and he laughed aloud so heartily that the tears ran down his cheeks." Count Pulaski frequently exercised his corps of cavalry in front of the headquarters. He was an expert horse- man, and performed many feats of skill. He would some- times while his horse was on full gallop discharge his pistol, toss it in the air, catch it by the barrels, and throw it ahead as if at an enemy. With his horse still on a jump, he would lift one foot out of the stirrup, and with the other foot in, bend to the ground and recover the weapon. Some of the best horsemen in the army, be- longing to the Virginia Light Horse, attempted to imitate the feat; they would be successful in three or four trials as far as to catch the pistol; none, however, were able to pick it up, but in trying they got some severe falls. An officer who was with the army in Morristown thus gives his impressions of the commander-in-chief, while partaking of the hospitalities of his table : " It is natural to view with keen attention the counten- ance of an illustrious man, with the secret hope of dis- covering in his features some peculiar traces of the excel- lence which distinguishes him from, and elevates him above, his fellow mortals. These expectations are real- ized in a peculiar manner in viewing the person of Gen- eral Washington. His tall, noble stature and just pro- portions, his fine, cheerful, open countenance, simple and modest deportment, are all calculated to interest every beholder in his favor, and to command veneration and respect. He is feared even when silent, and beloved even while we are unconscious of the motive. The table was elegantly furnished and provisions ample, though not abounding in superfluities. The civilities of the table were performed by Colonel Hamilton and the other members of the family, the general and lady being seated at the side of the table. In conversation his excellency's expressive countenance is peculiarly interesting and pleas- ing; a placid smile is seen frequently on his lips, but a loud laugh, it is said, seldom if ever escapes him. He is polite and attentive to each individual at table, and re- tires after the compliments of a few glasses. Mrs. Wash- ington combines, in an uncommon degree, great dignity of manner with the most pleasing affability, but possesses no striking mark of beauty." Among the letters that were written by Washington that winter was one to "Major General Arnold" in an- swer to his letter asking " leave of absence from the army during the ensuing summer," on account of his health. Washington wrote, " You have my permission, though it is my expectation and wish to see you in the field;" then, alluding to the birth of a son, he says, " Let me congratulate you on the late happy event. Mrs. Wash- ington joins me in presenting her wishes for Mrs. Arnold on the occasion." How little either of the parties to these felicitations 17 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. could forsee the future! Before that infant was six months older his mother was raving like a maniac over her husband's infamy, and the name of Arnold had be- come a stench in the nostrils of every American patriot. An important incident of that time must not be for- gotten. We learn that on the i8th of April i78o~the French minister, Chevalier de la Luzerne, and Don Juan de Miralles, a distinguished Spanish gentleman, repre- senting his court before our Congress, arrived at Morris- town. That was a great day in the Wick farm camp when these two distinguished foreigners were to be re- ceived. Even soldiers who had neither shoes nor coats looked cheerful, as if the good time so long expected was now at hand. Washington had many plans to lay before these representatives of two powerful allies, and of course time did not hang heavily. On the 24th Baron Steuben, the accomplished disciplinarian to whose severe training our army owed so much, had completed his preparations for the review of four battalions. This par- ade probably took place somewhere in the vicinity of Morristown. An eye witness makes a large draft on his stock of adjectives in describing the review. "A large stage " he says " was erected in the field, which was crowded with officers, ladies and gentlemen of distinc- tion from the country, among whom were Governor Liv- ingston of New Jersey and lady. Our troops exhibited a truly military appearance, and performed the evolu- tions in a manner which afforded much satisfaction to the commander-in-chief, and they were honored with the approbation of the French minister and all present. Our enthusiastic witness forgot to say whether Baron Steuben did or did not bring forward on that brilliant oc- casion any of the patriots who had no shoes or coats ; but probably they did duty in camp that day, while those who were better clothed, but no better disposed, flaunted before spectators their gayest war-plumage! In the even- ing General Washington and the French minister at- tended a ball provided by our principal officers, at which was present a numerous collection of ladies and gentle- men of distinguished character. Fireworks were also exhibited by the officers of the artilery, so that doubt- less that night of the 24th of April 1780 was a very merry night : rockets exploded, cannons occasionally roared like thunder, and some very curious inventions whirled and snapped to the delight of some thousands who did not attend the ball. O'Hara's parlors were as light as they could be made with good tallow candles, re- quiring to be snuffed. But while all this was passing where was " that distin- guished gentleman, Don Juan de Miralles?" We learn that he visited the Short Hills on the igth or 20th of April. When Baron Steuben on the 24th of April was reviewing the four battalions to the delight of Wash- ington, De la Luzerne, and others, and that night, while the fireworks were flashing their eccentricities in the darkness, and the sounds of music and dancing were heard at O'Hara's, Don Juan de Miralles was tossing with death fever. Four days afterward he died, and on Llie 29th of April his funeral took place, in a style never imitated or equalled in Morristown since. Dr. Thatcher exhausted all his strong words in expressing his admira- tion of the scene, and doubtless would have used more had they been at hand. Hear him: "I accompanied Dr. Schuyler to headquarters to at- tend the funeral of M. de Miralles. The deceased was a gentleman of high rank in Spain, and had been about one year a resident with our Congress from the Spanish court. The corpse was dressed in rich state and exposed to public view, as is customary in Europe. The coffin was most splendid and stately, lined throughout with fine cambric, and covered on the outside with rich black velvet, and ornamented in a superb manner. The^top of the coffin w^s removed to display the pomp and grandeur with which the body was decorated. It was a splendid full dress, consisting of a scarlet suit, embroidered with rich gold lace, a three-cornered gold-laced hat, a genteel- cued wig, white silk stockings, large diamond shoe and knee buckles, a profusion of diamond rings decorated the fingers, and from a superb gold watch set with dia raonds several rich seals were suspended. His excel- lency General Washington, with several other general officers, and members of the Congress, attended the funeral solemnities and walked as chief mourners. The other officers of the army and numerous respectable citi- zens formed a splendid procession, extending about one mile. The pall-bearers were six field officers, and the coffin was borne on the shoulders of four officers of the artillery in full uniform. Minute-guns were fired during the procession, which greatly increased the solemnity of the occasion. A Spanish priest performed service at the grave in the Roman Catholic form. The coffin was enclosed in a box of plank, and in all the profusion of pomp and grandeur was deposited in the silent grave in the common burying ground near the church at Morris- town. A guard is placed at the grave lest our soldiers should be tempted to dig for hidden treasure." This pompous funeral, so pompously described, was quite in contrast with the funeral procession which the previous week entered the same burying ground. The neighbors and friends of Jacob Johnson, who had been a bold rider in Arnold's troop of light horse, made a long procession. Dr. Johnes and the physician led the pro- cession on horseback, and the only wagon present was used to convey the coffin to the graveyard. At the house the pastor drew heavenly consolation for the afflicted from the word of God, and at the grave dismissed the people by thanking them for their kindness to the dead. And had Dr. Johnes officiated at the funeral of General Washington his services would have been just as simple and unostentatious. These two funerals made no un- interesting feature in the social life of Morristown when Washington spent his last winter there. No one has. studied more fully, or written more care- fully, the Revolutionary history of Morristown than the Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., former pastor of the Pres- byterian church of Rockaway, and now president of Wabash College. In the interest of our readers we can not do better than to reproduce here, with his permission, a portion of an article from his pen, entitled " Washing- ton in Morris county, New Jersey," published in The Historical Magazine for June 1871. On the 30th of November 1779 General Greene, the quartermaster-general, wrote from Morristown to one of THE CAMP AT KIMBALL HILL. the quartermasters of New Jersey that " we are yet like the wandering Jews in search of a Jerusalem, not having fixt upon a position for hutting the army;" and he says that he has described two favorable positions to the commander-in-chief, " the one near Equacanock, the other near Mr. Kemble's, four miles from this place." The next day he writes to the same gentleman that " the general has fixed upon a place for hutting the army near Mr. Kimball's, within about four miles of this town. His reasons for this choice are unnecessary to be explained, but whatever they are they will prove very distressing to the quartermaster's department. * * * i beg you will set every wheel in motion that will give dispatch to business." His predictions concerning the commissary were fulfilled more literally than he himself dreamed of. The position actually chosen is one of the finest lo- calities in Morris county, and can be reached by two roads. The one principally traveled that winter is the old road to Mendham, over " Kimball's Hill," as it is called to this day. The camping ground is about four miles southwest from Morristown. Following the Basking Ridge road four miles, through a region famous for its excellent soil and fine scenery, with the mountain on your right, you come to the Kimball property, now owned by H. A. Hoyt, Esq. Here you turn to the right and ascend the highlands for a mile, and you are on the ground which must be considered as consecrated by the unparalleled hardships of the American army. The dif- ferent camps where were quartered the troops from New England, the middle and the southern States were on the lands which then belonged to Mr. Kimball and Mr. Wick, including some one thousand acres. The house on the Wick property is still standing, very much as it was in that winter, and it is worthy of a brief description. It is on the crown of the hill, whence you descend west- ward to Mendham and eastward to Morristown. In front of the house was an old oack locust — cut down in 1870 — at least two feet and a half in diameter; and at the east end is the largest red cedar I have ever seen. Both these trees were standing in 1780. In the immediate vicinity of the house are several immense black cherry trees, which belong to the same period. The house itself is nearly square, and is built in the old style of New England houses, with a famous large chimney-stack in the center. The very door which swung then is there still, hanging on the same substantial strap-hinges, and ornamented with the same old lion-headed knocker. Passing through this door, which fronts southward, you come into a hall some eight feet wide, its width being just the same as the thickness of the chimney. Turning to the right, you pass from the hall into the ordinary family room, and to the left into the parlor. A door from the family-room and the parlor leads you into the kitchen, which is about two-thirds the length of the house. The fire-places of these three rooms all belong to the one huge stone stack in the center; and every- thing about them remains as it then was. They would alarm modern economists by their capacity to take in wood by the cord. The spaces above the old mantel- trees are filled up with panel-work, and in the parlor evidently were once quite fine, especially for that day. On the north side of the parlor is a door leading into the spare bedroom, with which is connected an amusing in- cident. Great difficulty was experienced in the sprmg of 1780 in procuring teams to remove the army stores, and horses for cavalry. Mr. Wick's daughter, Tempe, owned a beautiful young horse, which she frequently rode, and always with skill. She was an admirable and a bold rider. One day, as the preparations for removing the army vyere progressing. Miss Wick rode her favorite horse to the house of her brother-in-law, Mr. Leddel, on the road to Mendham; and on her return was accosted by some soldiers, who commanded her to dismount and let them take the horse. One of them had seized the bridle-reins. Perfectly self-possessed, she appeared to submit to her fate, but not without a vain entreaty not to take her favorite from her. She then told them she was sorry to part with the animal, but as she must, she would ask two favors of them; the one was to return him to her if possible, and the other was, whether they returned him or not, to treat him well. The soldiers were com- pletely thrown off their guard, and the reins were re- leased, they supposing she was about to dismount, than which nothing was farther from her intentions; for no sooner was the man's hand loose from the bridle than she touched her spirited horse with the whip, and he sped from among them like an arrow. As she was riding away, at full speed, they fired after her, but probably without in- tending to hit her; at any rate, she was unharmed. She urged her horse up the hill, at his highest speed, and coming round to the kitchen door, on the north side of the house, she sprang off and led him into the kitchen, thence into the parlor, and thence into the spare bed- room, which had but one window, and that on the west side. This was secured with a shutter. The soldiers shortly after came up and searched the barn and woods in vain. Miss Wick saved her horse by keeping him in that bed-room three weeks, until the last troop was fairly off. The incident, which is authentic, shows the adroit- ness and courage of the young lady, who afterwards be- came the wife of William Tuttle, an officer in the Jersey brigade during the entire war. The descriptions of the different camps which are to be given are quite imperfect, but interesting; and, such as they are, are derived from the late Captain William Tuttle, who was stationed with the Jersey troops during that winter. It cannot be sufficiently regretted that some friendly pen was not ready to record the conversations of this fine old soldier, an officer in the Third Jersey regi- ment and perfectly acquainted with all the localities of the encampment on Kimball Hill. He was 20 years old at the time, and from the conclusion of the war until his death, in 1836, he resided most of the time either on the Wick farm or in the immediate vicinity. Very often would he go over the ground, especially with his young relatives, pointing out the precise spots occupied by the different troops, and filling up hours with thrilling anec- dotes connected with that winter; but these conversa- tions no one was at the pains to record, and now they are hopelessly gone. He enlisted in the regular service in 1777, and remained in it until peace was declared. He suffered the exposures of winter quarters at Middle Brook, Valley Forge, and Kimball Hill; was in the bat- tles of Chad's Ford, Germantown, Brandywine, Mon- mouth, Springfield, and "others of less note;" was with Lafayette in his Virginia campaign; and was at the siege of Yorktown; and yet his careless relatives culpably have suffered his history to be shrunk into the compass of his own meager but modest affidavit in the pension office. As good fortune will have it, a former tenant on the Wick farm occupied it several years before Captain Tut- tle's death; and, in company with the old gentleman, frequently passed over the camp grounds. Under Mr. Mucklow's direction a small party of us passed over the various points of interest. Taking the old Wick house as the starting point, we crossed the road, and, following in a southwest direction, came into a tract of timber on an easy slope and extending to a living spring brook. In the upper end of the woods, near the brook, we found the ruins of several hut-chimneys. Following the side hill, in the same direction as the stream, that is in a 122 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. southeast course, we found quite a large number of these stone chimneys, and in some of them the stones seem to be just as the soldiers left them. At qne point we counted two rows containing forty chimneys; some of them evidently belonging to double huts. Just below these we came into a fine level opening, almost bare of trees, and which may have been grubbed clean of stumps and roots for a parade ground. A few rods higher up the side of the hill were other ruins, extending with some degree of regularity around the face of the hill, in a curve, until the row was terminated at a brook on the east side, which puts into the stream already mentioned. On the crown of the hill is another row of ruins; and Captain Tuttle informed our guide that the cleared field on the hill was once covered with similar remains. Thus far we counted 196 of these and had been over the ground occupied by the Jersey brigade. Frequently did Captain Tuttle relate the fact that he had seen the paths leading from the Jersey camp to the Wick hoifse marked with blood from the feet of the soldiers without shoes! On the same side of the road, and near to it, is a cleared field. In this field a spring brook rises, around which the hill slopes in the form of a horseshoe. On the north side of this was a slaughter-house, and a little low- er down on the same side are the remains of the huts built for the commissary department, and in the vicinity of a beautiful spring. On the opposite side of the brook we found several ruins, which, with those just mentioned, amounted to 23. On the ground of the slaughter-house Mr. Mucklow plowed up an old bayonet. Crossing the road, directly opposite this point we came into a cleared field, which is in the southern slope of Fort Hill. Along the road fence is a row of stones which were in the hut fire-places, and which were drawn off to clear the ground for plowing; but higher up in the woods are several remains. East of this lot and lower down the hill is an open field, in which we saw several rows, in regular order, containing sixty fire-places; and thence, following the curve of the hill in a northeast course, in regular rows, we counted 100 more. We were informed that the remains are to be seen around the en- tire hill, but want of time forbade our pursuing the in- quiry farther. We now ascend Fort Hill, around the sides of which we had been walking for some time. It is shaped like a sugarloaf, and from the northeast to the southeast its sides are very steep, making the ascent not a little diffi- cult. I was on this point in the spring, before the leaves had put out, and the viev/ from it is surpassingly beauti- ful. Fort Hill is one of the most commanding points in Morris county. Westward you can see the Schooley's Mountain range, and, as I fancied, the mountains along the Delaware. Southward is a fine range of highlands, in the midst of which is Basking Ridge (where General Lee was captured), so distinct that with a glass you can tell what is doing in its streets. Southeast of you Long Hill and Plainfield Mountain stretch far in the distance, from the top of which you may see from New York to New Brunswick, if not to the Delaware. East of you are the Short Hills, so famous as the watchtower of freedom during the Revolutionary war, and on which night and day sentinels were observing the country along the Hackensack, Passaic and Raritan, and even to New York and the Narrows. Northeast you can see the two twin mountains in the vicinity of Ringwood, and beyond that the blue-tinged mountains toward Newburgh. Be- tween these prominent points are intervening landscapes beautiful as the eye ever rested on. At the east and northeast, on the top of Fort Hill, are some remains not like those we had previously examined. They evidently were not the ruins of breastworks, but seem to have been designed to prepare level places for the free movements of artillery; and a close inspection shows that cannon stationed at those two points on the hill top would sweep the entire face of the hill in case of an attack. This undoubtedly was the design. In the immediate vicinity are the remains of quite a number of chimneys, of huts probably occupied by a detachment of artillerymen. Passing down the west side of Fort Hill, toward the old house, we came into what has always been called the Jockey Hollow road, at a place which tradition points out as the spot where Captain Billings jvas shot, when the Pennsylvania troops mutinied, on New Year's day 1781. The aged mother of Robert K. Tuttle, of Morristown, pointed out a black oak tree by the roadside as near the spot where the unfortunate man was shot down and buried in the road where he was killed. Mrs. Tuttle was at the time living on a part of the Wick farm, so that the tradition is undoubtedly true. We now returned to the house in order to visit Hos- pital field, as it is still called, and also the Maryland field, so called because the Maryland troops were there en- camped during the winter of 177980. These fields are about half a mile north from the house. Hospital field is on the slope of a high hill, facing east and southeast; and at the bottom is a fine spring brook, in the vicinity of which were huts for the hospitals. Of these there are no remains, as the plough has long since obliterated them; but near by is a most interesting place marked by a grove of locust trees, planted to protect the graves from the plough. Here are two rows of graves where were buried :hose who died at the hospitals that winter. A granite monument ought to be built immediately there, to com- memorate those unnamed men who died in the service of their country. The length of space occupied by the graves, as far as can now be seen, is about one hundred and seventy feet, thus making a single row of graves about three hundred and forty feet long. The graves evidently are near together, so that quite a large number must have died in the hospitals that winter. Whether there was any other burying ground used it is impossible now to determine; but it is very probable that the hill- sides in the vicinity contain many graves which will re- main unknown until the morning of the resurrection. Directly east from Hospital field, on a hill opposite, the Maryland troops and perhaps the Virginia were " hutted;" but we were assured that no remains are left, as the ground has all been ploughed, so that we did not visit it. In all we had counted three hundred and sixty- five chimney foundations, marking the sites of as many huts, besides many which inadvertently we omitted to count. We must have seen more than four hundred in all; and I am thus particular in describing their positions because a few years more may entirely obliterate all traces of the camps on Kimball Hill. If we return to the top of Fort Hill, and cast the eye over the prominent points already mentioned, we shall perceive how admirably they are adapted for the purpose of spreading alarm by means of beacon-fires. The ranges of the Short and Long hills and Plainfield Moun- tain on the southeast and east, Schooley's Mountain on the west, the mountains near Ringwood and along the New York line on the north and northeast, all are as dis- tinct as light-houses. Very early in the war there was a beacon station on the Short Hills, near the country resi- dence of the late Bishop Hobart; but in the winter of 1778-9 Washington communicated to the governor of New Jersey a plan for establishing these beacons throughout the State; and in accordance with his re- quest, on the 9th of April 1779 General Philemon Dick- erson, one of the most able militia officers in the State, THE PATRIOT BEACOJsr LIGHTS— StiFfERIKG AT KLIMBALL HILT,. 1:^1 was instructed to carry the plan into effect. Hitherto no traces of a written plan have been found, but there can be no doubt as to some of the locations. That on the Short Hills is remembered by persons still living [1854] from whom the Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle derived the account he gives of the matter. "On that commanding elevation," writes Mr. Tuttle, in his lecture on Bottle Hill during the Revolution, " the means were kept for alarming the inhabitants of the interior in case of any threatening movement of the enemy in any direction. A cannon, an eighteen-pounder — called in those times ' the old sow ' — fired every half hour, answered the object in the daytime and in very stormy and dark nights; while an immense fire or beacon light answered the end at all other times. A log house or two * * * were erected there for the use of the sentinels, who by relieving one another at definite intervals kept careful watch day and night, their eyes continually sweeping over the vast ex- tent of country that lay stretched out like a map before them. The beacon light was constructed of dry wood, piled around a high pole; this was filled with combustible materials, and a tar-barrel was placed upon the top of the pole. When the sentinels discovered any movement of the enemy of a threatening character, or such tidings were brought them by messengers, either the alarm gun was fired or the beacon light kindled, so that the tidings were quickly spread over the whole region. There are several persons still living in this place who remember to have heard that dismal alarm gun, and to have seen those beacon lights sending out their baleful and terrific light from that high point of observation; and who also re- member to have seen the inhabitants, armed with their muskets, making all possible haste to Chatham bridge and the Short Hills." That there was a system of beacon lights there can be no doubt, although, unfortunately, the most of those are dead who could give us information about it, and there are no documents describing the various points where these lights were kindled. Of one we have some knowl- edge. Seven miles north of Morristown, near the present railroad depot at Denville, is a mountain which rises abruptly to a considerable height, from which you can see the Short Hills. On this point there was a beacon light, managed by Captain Josiah Hall, whose descendants still reside in the vicinity. A fire from this point would be seen from the top of Green Pond Mountain, several miles farther north; and a fire on that mountain would probably reach the portion of Sussex county where the .brave Colonel Seward, grandfather of Senator Seward, resided. Tradition says that such was the case; and that often at night the tongue of fire might be seen leap- ing into the air on the Short Hills, soon to be followed by brilliant lights on Fort Hill, on the Denville moun- tain, the Green Pond Mountain, and on the range of mountains on the Orange county line. To many it has seemed inexplicable, and it was so to the enemy, that they could not make a movement toward the hills of Morris without meeting the yeomen of Morris, armed and ready to repel them. I have conversed with several old men who have seen the roads coverging on Morris- town and Chatham lined with men who were hurrying off to the Short Hills, to drive back the invaders. The alarm gun and the beacon light explain the mystery; and, as an illustration of scenes frequently witnessed, I may give an incident in the life of an old soldier, by the name of Bishop, who was living at Mendham. He was one morning engaged in stacking his wheat, with a hired man when the alarm gun pealed out its warning. ''I must go," exclaimed Bishop. "You had better take care of your wheat," said his man. Again they heard the dull, heavy sound of the alarm gun; and instantly Bishop slid down from the stack, exclaiming, "I can't stand this. Get along with the grain the best way you can. I 'm off to the rescue ! " Hastily he packed a small budget of provisions; and, shouldering his musket, in a few minutes he was on the way to Morristown. He says that on his way there he found men issuing from every road, equipped just as they left their fields and shops, so that by the time he reached town he was one of a large company. Here they were met by a messenger who said the enemy was retreating. It was by such alacrity that it came to be a boast of the Morris county people that the enemy had never been able to gain a footing among these hills. They frequently made the attempt, but never succeeded. Once, as it is said, for the purpose of exchanging prisoners, a detachment did reach Chatham bridge, which was guarded by brave General Winds, to whom the braggart captain sent word that he proposed to dine next day in Morristown. The message called out the somewhat expressive reply that if he dined in Morristown next day he would sup in (the place infernal) next night ! So far as possible let us now relate the facts which show the sufferings and heroism of our soldiers on Kim- ball Hill the winter of 1779-80. On the 9th of December General Greene wrote: " Our hutting goes on rapidly, and the troops will be under cover in a few days. The officers will remain in the open field until the boards [from Trenton] arrive, and as their sufferings are great they will be proportionably clamorous." The New Eng- land troops on the 9th of that month were at Porapton; and Doctor Thatcher, in his Military Journal, says: " On the 14th we reached this wilderness, about three miles from Morristown, where we are to build huts for winter quarters." The severity of the winter may be inferred from Doctor Thatcher's description: " The snow on the ground is about two feet deep and the weather extremely cold; the soldiers are destitute of both tents and blankets, and some of them are actually barefooted and almost naked. Our only defense against the inclemency of the weather consists of brushwood thrown together. Our lodging the last night was on the frozen ground. Those officers who have the privilege of a horse can always have a blanket at hand. Having removed the snow we wrapped ourselves in great coats, spread our blankets on the ground and lay down by the side of each other, five or six together, with large fires at our feet, leaving orders with the waiters to keep it well supplied with fuel during the night. We could procure neither shelter nor forage for our horses; and the poor animals were tied to the trees in the woods for twenty-four hours, without food except the bark which they peeled from the trees." " The whole army in this department are to be engaged in building log huts for winter quarters. The ground is marked, and the soldiers have commenced ;cutting down the timber of oak and walnut, of which we have great abundance. Our baggage has at length arrived; the men find it very difficult to pitch their tents in the frozen ground; and, notwithstanding large fires, we can scarcely keep from freezing. In- addition to other sufferings the whole army has been seven or eight days entirely desti- tute of the staff of life; our only food is miserable fresh beef, without bread, salt or vegetables." The general fact that that winter was one of terrible severity is well known; but we may obtain more vivid ideas of this fact by a few details. In the New Jersey Gazette of February 9th 1780, published at Trenton, the editor says: " The weather has been so extremely cold for nearly two months past that sleighs and other car- riages now pass from this place to Philadelphia on the Delaware, a circumstance not remembered by the oldest person among us." As early as the 18th of December 124 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. 1779 an officer who visited some of the smaller encamp- ments along the hills in the vicinity writes: " I found the weather excessively cold." On the 14th of January Lord Stirling led a detachment against the enemy on Staten Island; and on the morning of the isth he crossed on the ice from Elizabethtown Point. The Hudson was so bridged with ice as to permit foot passengers to cross from New York to Hoboken and Paulus Hook. But the unparalleled depth of snow added to the intense sufferings of the soldiers. On the 14th of December, as Thatcher says, the " snow was two feet deep." On the 28th of December an officer says in the New Jersey Gazette, " While I am writing the storm is raging without." But the great storm of the winter began on the 3d of January, when the greater part of the array were not protected by the huts, which were not yet ready for oc- cupation. Doctor Thatcher thus describes the storm : " On the 3d inst. we experienced one of the most tre- mendous snow storms ever remembered; no- man could endure its violence many minutes without danger to his life. Several marquees were torn asunder and blown down over the officers' heads in the night, and some of the soldiers were actually covered while in their tents and buried, like sheep, under the snow. My comrades and myself were roused from sleep by the calls of some officers for assistance; their marquee had blown down, and they were almost smothered in the storm before they could reach our marquee, only a few yards, and their blankets and baggage were nearly buried in the snow. We (the officers) are greatly favored in having a supply of straw for bedding; over this we spread all our blankets, and with our clothes, and large fires at our feet, while four or five are crowded together, preserve ourselves from freezing. But the sufferings of the poor soldiers can scarcely be described; while on duty they are un- avoidably exposed to all the inclemency of the storm and severe cold; at night they now have a bed of straw on the ground and a single blanket to each man; they are badly clad and some are destitute of shoes. We have contrived a kind of stone chimney outside, and an open- ing at one end of our tents gives us the benefit of the fire within. The snow is now from four to six feet deep, which so obstructs the roads as to prevent our receiving a supply of provisions. For the last ten days we received but two pounds of meat a man, and we are frequently for six or eight days entirely destitute of meat and then as long without bread. The consequence is the soldiers are so enfeebled from hunger and cold as to be almost un- able to perform military duty or labor in constructing their huts. It is well known that General Washington experiences the greatest solicitude for the sufferings of his army and is sensible that they in general conduct with heroic patience and fortitude." This storm continued for several days, accompanied with violent winds, which drifted the snow so that the roads were impassable. So deep was the snow that in many places it covered the tops of the fences, and teams could be driven over them. Under date of January 22nd 1780 an officer on Kimball Hill wrote the following lively description of the condition of the army in consequence of this storm : "We had a fast lately in camp, by general constraint, of the whole army; in which we fasted more sincerely and truly for three days than we ever did from all the resolutions of Congress put together. This was occasioned by the severity of the weather and drifting of the snow, whereby the roads were rendered impassable and all supplies of provision cut off, until the officers were obliged to release the soldiers from command and permit them to go in great numbers together to get pro- visions where they could find them. The inhabitants of this part of the country discovered a noble spirit in feed- ing the soldiers ; and, to the honor of the soldiery, they received what they got with thankfulness, and did little or no damage." The manuscript letters of Joseph Lewis, quartermaster at Morristown, prove this description to be truthful. On the 8th of January he wrote : "We are now as distressed as want of provision and cash can make us. The soldiers have been reduced to the necessity of robbing the in- habitants, to save their own lives." On the next day he wrote : " We are still in distress for want of provisions. Our magistrates, as well as small detachments from the army, are busy collecting to relieve our distresses, and I am told that the troops already experience the good effects of their industry. We are wishing for more plen- tiful supplies." And, in real distress, he writes under the same date: "The sixty million dollars lately collected by tax must be put into the hands of the superintendent for the new purchases. You will therefore have but little chance of getting cash until more is made. If none comes sooner than by striking new emissions I must run away from Morris and live with you at Trenton, or some other place more remote from this, to secure me from the al- ready enraged multitudes." On the 8th of January General Washington wrote from the Ford mansion, the comforts of which mubt have made the sufferings of his soldiers seem the more awful : " The present state of the army, with respect to provis- ions, is the most distressing of any we have experienced since the beginning of the war. For a fortnight past the troops, both officers and men, have been almost perishing for want. They have been alternately without bread or meat the whole time, with a very scanty allowance.^ of either, and frequently destitute of both. They have borne their sufferings with a patience that merits the ap- probation and ought to excite the sympathy of their countryman. But they are now reduced to an extremity no longer to be supported." This letter, which was ad- dressed to "the magistrates of New Jersey," is one of the noblest productions of his pen; and right nobly did those thus feelingly addressed respond to the appeal. And in this none were superior to the people of Morris county, on whom of necesssity fell the burden of affording imme- diate relief, and whose efforts did not cease when this was effected. On the 20th of January Washington wrote to Doctor John Witherspoon that " all the counties of this State that I have heard from have attended to my requsition for provisions with the most cheerful and com- mendable zeal; " and to " Elbridge Gerry, in Congress," he wrote: "The exertions of the magistrates and inhabi- tants of this State were great and cheerful for our relief." Irihis Military Journal (page 182) Doctor Thatcher speaks with enthusiasm of " the ample supply " of food furnished by "the magistrates and people of Jersey;" and Isaac Collins, editor of the New Jersey Gazette, on the 19th of January says : "With pleasure we inform our readers that our army, which, from the unexpected inclemency of the season and the roads becoming almost impassable, had suffered a few days for want of provisions, are, from the spirited exertions now making, likely to be well sup- plied." Provisions came with a right hearty good will from the farmers in Mendham, Chatham, Hanover, Morris, and Pequannock ; and not only provisions, but stockings and shoes, coats and blankets. " Mrs. Parson Johnes " and " Mrs. Counsellor Condict," with all the noble women in the town, made the sewing and knitting needles fly on their mission of mercy. The memory of the Morris county women of that day is yet as dehghtful as the "smell of a field which the Lord hath blessed ! " and this tribute to their worth is not woven up of fictions, but of facts, gathered from living lips; and therefore never may FESTIVITIES AT THE "HEADQUARTERS." those women perish from the memory of their admiring and grateful descendants. The generosity of which we have spoken is much en- hanced by the fact that the people supposed themselves to be giving, and not selling their provisions. According to the prices — continental currency — affixed to various articles by the magistrates of Morris county in January 1780, they gave away thousands of dollars to soldiers at their tables ; and as for provisions, nominally sold, they were paid for either in continental bills or certificates, both of which they considered as nearly worthless. Their opinion of the bills was not wrong, since after the war hundreds of thousands of dollars were left on their hands, which were never redeemed; but many of them made a serious mistake in their estimate of the certificates, which were redeemed with interest. Yet many of these men threw these certificates away as worthless, and esteemed themselves as doing an unpaid duty to their country. It is interesting to ascertain the prices of various arti- cles used in the camp that winter. On the 27th of Jan- uary Quartermaster Lewis wrote: "The justices, at their meeting, established the following prices to be given for hay and grain throughout the county [of Mor- ris], from the ist of December 1779 to the ist of Febru- ary next, or until the regulating act take place. For hay, ist quality, ;!^ioo per ton; 2nd, ;^8o; 3d, ^50; for one horse, 24 hours, $6; for one horse, per night, $4; wheat, per bushel, $50; rye, $35; corn, $30; buckwheat and oats, $20. This certainly is rather a startling "price current;" but it was only in keeping with such signficant advertisements as frequently appeared in the papers of that day: " one thousand dollars " for the recovery of "my negro man Toney;" or "thirty Spanish milled dollars for the recovery of my runaway Mu- latto fellow Jack." " Forty paper dollars were worth only one in specie;" and the fact in- creases our wonder alike at the patriotism of the people and soldiers, which was sufficient to keep the army from open mutiny or being entirely disbanded. To leave this gloomy side of the picture a little while, it is well to record the fact that on the 28th of December 1779, while the snow " storm was raging," Martha Wash- ington passed through Trenton, on her way to Morris- town; and that a troop of gallant Virginians stationed there were paraded to do her honor, being very proud to own her as a Virgmian, and her husband also. She spent New Year's day in Morristown; and now, in the Ford mansion, you may see the very mirror in which her dignified form has often been reflected. The wife of the American commander-in-chief received her company, did the honors of her family, and even appeared occa- sionally at the " assembly balls " that winter dressed in American stuffs. It is a pleasing anecdote which was once told me by the late Mrs. Abby Vail, daughter of Uzal and Anna Kitchel. Some of the ladies in Han- over, and among them " the stately Madame Budd," mother of Dr. Bern Budd, dressed in their best, made a call on Lady Washington, and, as one of them afterward said, " we were dressed in our most elegant silks and ruffles, and so were introduced to her ladyship. And dont you think, we found her with a speckled homespun apron on, and engaged in knitting a stocking! She re- ceived us very handsomely, and then resumed her knit- ting. In the course of her conversation she said very kindly to us, while she made her needle fly, that Ameri- can ladies should be patterns of industry to their coun- trywomen; * * * *" we must become independent of England .by doing without those articles which we can make ourselves. Whilst our husbands and brothers are examples of patriotism, we must be examples of indus- try!" "I do declare," said one of them afterward, "I never felt so ashamed and rebuked in my life!" From documents not very important in themselves we sometimes derive impressive lessons. The original of the following subscription for assembly balls in Morris- town that winter is still in possession of the Biddle family, on the Delaware: "The subscribers agree to pay the sums annexed to their respective names and an equal quota of any further expense which may be incurred in the promotion and support of a dancing assembly to be held in Morristown the present winter of 1780. Sub- scription moneys to be paid into the hands of a treasurer hereafter to be appointed." The sum paid in each case was "400 doll's," and the contributors were as follows: Nath. Greene, H. Knox, John Lawrence, J. Wilkinson, Clement Biddle, Robt. H. Harrison, R. K. Meade, Alex. Hamilton, Tench Tighlman, C. Gibbs, Jno. Pierce, The Baron de Kalb, Jno. Moylan, Le Ch. Dulingsley, Geo. Washington, R. Clairborne, Lord Stirling, Col. Hazen, Asa Worthington, Benj. Brown, Major Stagg, James Thompson, H. Jackson, Col. Thomas Proctor, J. B. Cutting, Edward Hand, William Little, Thos. Wool- ford, Geo. Olney, Jas. Abeel, Robert Erskine, Jno. Cochran, George Draper, J. Burnet. The amounts thus paid constitute the somewhat im- posing sum of $13,600 " for the support of a dancing assembly the present winter of 1780." Now I frankly confess that this paper produced an uncomfortable sensa- tion in my mind, by the somewhat harsh contrast between the dancing of the well-housed officers, at O'Hara's tavern and the " hungry ruin" at Kimball Hill. The assembly was not so well set off with gas-lights and fashionable splendor as many a ball in our day. No doubt it was rather a plain affair of its kind; and yet it reminds one that, while these distinguished men were tripping " the light fantas- tic toe " in well-warmed rooms, there were at that very time, as Captain William Tuttle often told it, a great many tents in which there were soldiers without coats and barefoot, shivering and perishing in the fearful storms and colds of that same "present wmter of 1780;" and that there were paths about the camps on Kimball Hill that were marked with real blood expressed from the cracked and frozen feet of soldiers who had no shoes! However, I do not allude to this contrast as peculiar to that place and those men, for feasting and starvation, plenty crowned with wreaths of yellow wheat and gaunt famine wreathed in rags and barefoot, dancing and dying, are facts put in contrast in other places beside O'Hara's and Kimball Hill, and at other times than "the present winter of 1780." The principal object of introducing the subscription paper here is to show the kind of currency on which our Revolution was compelled to rely. Here we find the leading men in Morristown paying a sum for the dancing master and landlord, the ministers of a little amusement, which nominally is large enough for the high figures of Fifth avenue millionaires; but a closer inspection shows that the sum $13,000 was not worth as much as three hun- dred silver dollars. Doctor Thatcher says significantly: "I have just seen in the newspaper an advertisement offering for an article forty dollars. This is the trash which is tend- ed to requite us for our sacrifices, sufferings, and priva- tions while in the service of our country. It is but a sordid pittance, even for our common purposes while in- camp; but those who have families dependent on them at home are reduced to a deplorable condition." The officers of the Jersey troops, in their memorial to the Legislature of New Jersey, declare that " four months' pay of a soldier would not procure for his family a bush- el of wheat; that the pay of a colonel would not purchase oats for his liorse; that a common laborer or express- 126 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. rider received four times as much as an American offi- cer." If such were their circumstances let us rather admire than condemn these brave men at Morristown, who were striving to invest the stern severities of that winter with something of the grayer and more frivolous courtesies of fashionable life. As for fighting, there was but little, the principal expe- dition being the descent of a detachment on Staten Island, under Lord Stirling. The expectations raised by this expedition are quite flatteringly told in an unpublished letter of Joseph Lewis, quartermaster. He writes, un- der date of "January 15th 1780," that he had orders from General Greene to procure three hundred sleds to parade Friday morning at this post and at Mr. Kim- ble's. * * * * I (iifj not fail to exert myself on the occasion, and the magistrates gained deserved applause. About five hundred sleds or sleighs were collected, the majority of which were loaded with troops, artillery, &c. These sleds and as many more are to return loaded with stores from the British magazines on Staten Island, ex- cept some few that are to be loaded with wounded Brit- ish prisoners. About 3,000 troops are gone, under the command of Lord Stirling, with a determination to re- move all Staten Island, bag and baggage, to Morris- town!" This expedition failed of realizing its object, because the enemy,by some means,had been put on his guard. Still, Collins of the New Jersey Gazette was sure it would "show the British mercenaries with what zeal and alacrity the Americans will embrace every opportunity, even in a very inclement season, to promote the interest of the country by harassing the enemies to their freedom and independence." And on the 22nd of that January Quarter- master Lewis wrote in quite a subdued tone: "I sup- pose you have heard of the success of our late expedi- tion to Staten Island. It was expensive but answered no valuable purpose. It showed the inclination of our in- habitants to plunder." This expedition was at a time when " the cold was intense;" about 500 of the soldiers had their feet frozen. The enemy, by the way of retaliation, on the 25th of January crossed to Elizabethtown and burned the town- house and Presbyterian church. They also "plundered the house of Jecaniah Smith." The same night another party " made an excursion to Newark, surprised the guard there, took Mr. Justice Hedden out of his bed; and would not suffer him to dress; they also took Mr. Robert Niel, burnt the academy, and went off with pre- cipitation." Rivington's Royal Gazette speaks of this Justice Hedden as " a rebel magistrate remarkable for his persecuting spirit." It was marvelous that Hedden survived that march, in such weather, from Newark to New York; but the tough man was nerved thereto by his brutal captors. But have the troops enough to eat? General Greene's letter to " the colonel of the Morristown malitia " gives us a most sorrowful answer. " The army," writes Greene in January, "is upon the point of disbanding for want of provisions, the poor soldiers having been for several days without any, and there not being more than a suffi- ficiency to serve one regiment in the magazine. Pro- visions are scarce at best, but the late terrible storm, the depth of the snow, and the drifts in the roads prevent the little stock from coming forward which is in readiness at the distant magazines. This is, therefore, to request you to call upon the militia officers and men of your bat- talion to turn out their teams and break the roads frorn between this and Hackettstown, there being a small quan- tity of provisions there that cannot come until that is done. The roads must be kept open by the inhabitants, or the army cannot be subsisted; and unless the good people immediately lend their assistance to forward sup- plies the army must disband. The direful consequences of such an event I will not torture your feelings with a description of; but remember the surrounding inhab- itants will experience the first melancholy effects of such a raging evil." On the nth of January Greene wrote: "Such weather as we have had never did I feel," and the snow was so deep and drifted " that we drive over the tops of the fences." He then describes the sufferings of the soldiers, and adds: "They have displayed a degree of magnanimity under their sufferings which does them the highest honor." On the loth of March Joseph Lewis tells his superior officer: " I should be happy to receive about fifty thousand dollars to persuade the wagoners to stay in camp until May, which will prevent the troops from suf- fering." And on the 28th of the same month he again writes: " I am no longer able to procure a single team to relieve the distresses of our army, to bring in a supply of wood, or forward the stores which are absolutely neces- sary. * * * I wish I could inhabit some kind retreat from those dreadful complaints, unless I had a house filled with money and a magazine of forage to guard and protect me. Good God! where are our resources fled? We are truly in a most pitiable situation and almost dis- tracted with calls that it is not in our power to answer." But there is another fact which adds a deeper shade to this picture of suffering, since from Thatcher's Military Journal we have this sentence, in which, with no liftle ex- ultation, he says: " Having to this late season— February 14th — in our tents experienced the greatest incon- venience, we have now the satisfaction of taking posses- sion of the log huts just completed by our soldiers, where we shall have more comfortable accommodations," and yet in March he says: " Our soldiers are in a wretched condition for want of clothes, blankets and shoes, and these calamitous circumstances are accompanied by a want of provisions." From these letters, written by actual witnesses, we are able to gather enough of facts to aid us in appreciating the condition of the army. I may appropriately close this historical monograph with an original letter of Washington, which has never yet been published, and which is a very striking com- mentary on the difficulties of his position the last winter he was in Morristown. It was found among some old papers in the possession of Stephen Thompson, Esq., of Mendham, a son of Captain David Thompson, who is re- ferred to in this article. It will be remembered that the great snow storm which caused such distress in camp began on the 3d of January 1780. The famine which threatened the army caused Washington to write a letter "to the magistrates of New Jersey," which is published in Sparks's edition of the Writings of Washington. A copy of that letter was inclosed in the letter which is now published for the fi-rst time. It is a valuable letter, as showing that Washington's " integrity was most pure, his justice most inflexible." Headquarters, Morristown, January 8th 1780. " Sir, — The present distresses of the army, with which you are well acquainted, have determined me to call upon the respective counties of the State for a proportion of grain and cattle, according to the abilities of each. " For this purpose I have addressed the magistrates of every county, to induce them to undertake the business. This mode I have preferred, as the one least inconvenient to the inhabitants; but, in case the requisition should not be coinplied with, we must then raise the supplies our- selves in the best manner we can. This I have signified to the magistrates. CLOSING REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS. 127 "I have pitched upon you to superintend the execu- tion of this measure in the county of Bergen, which is to furnish two hundred head of cattle and eight hundred bushels of grain. " You will proceed, then, with all dispatch, and call on the justices; will deliver the inclosed address, enforcing it with a more particular detail of the sufferings of the troops, the better to convince them of the necessity of their exertions. You will, at the same time, let them del- icately know that you are instructed, in case they do not take up the business immediately, to begin to impress the articles called for throughout the county. You will press for an immediate answer, and govern yourself accordingly. If it be a compliance, you will concert with them a proper place for the reception of the articles and the time of the delivery, which for the whole is to be in four days after your application to them. The owners will bring their grain and cattle to this place, where the grain is to be measured and the cattle estimated by any two of the magistrates, in -conjunction with the commissary, Mr. Voorhees, who will be sent to you for the purpose, and certificates given by the commissary, specifying the quan- tity of each article and the terms of payment. These are to be previously settled with the owners, who are to choose whether they will receive the present market price — which, if preferred, is to be inserted — or the mar- ket price at the time of payment. Immediately on re- ceiving the answer of the magistrates you will send me word what it is. " In case of refusal you will begin to impress till you make up the quantity required. This you will do with as much tenderness as possible to the inhabitants, having regard to the stock of each individual, that no family maybe deprived of its necessary subsistence. Milch cows are not to be included in the impress. To enable you to execute this business with more effect and less incon- venience, you will call upon Colonel Fell and any other well affected active man in the county, and en- deavor to engage their advice and assistance. You are also authorized to impress wagons for the transportation of the grain. " If the magistrates undertake the business, which I should infinitely prefer on every account, you will en- deavor to prevail upon them to assign mills for the re- ception and preparation of such grain as the commissary thinks will not be immediately needful in the camp. " I have reposed this trust in you from a perfect con- fidence in your prudence, zeal and respect for the rights of citizens. While your measures are adapted to the emergency, and you consult what you owe to the ser- vice, Jam persuaded that you will not forget that, as we are compelled by necessity to take the property of cit- izens for the support of the army, on whom their safety depends, you should be careful to manifest that we have a respect for their rights, and wish not to do anything which that necessity, and even their own good, do not absolutely require. " I am, sir, with great respect and esteem, " Your most obedient servant, " Go. Washington." Washington left Morristown in the early part of June. On the loth of June he was at Springfield, where he had his headquarters until the 21st, on which day, with the exception of two brigades under General Greene, the whole army was marching slowly toward the Hudson via Pompton. On. the 6th of June General Knyphausen had attempted to reach Morristown. He landed at Eliza- bethtown Point and proceeded as far as Connecticut Farms; but was met so warmly by General Maxwell and " his nest of American hornets " that he beat a hasty retreat. During this incursion Mrs. Caldwell, wife of a chaplain in our army, was wantonly murdered in her own house. When the enemy learned the troops were on the march they made another attempt to reach Morristown and on the 23d of June the vigilant sentinels on the Short Hills discovered signs of invasion and gave the alarm. On that day the battle of Springfield was fought. Washington heard of the invasion when near Pompton and hastened back, with a body of troops, to support Greene; but the enemy, after having forced back the Americans and burned Springfield, finding they were likely to be surrounded by a superior force, retired. The following pasquinade, in ridicule of this British attempt to reach Morristown, was publicly posted in New York city, August 12th 1780, and afterward printed in the Political Ma^avAne, London, 1781, pages 290, 291: " Old Knip— (Knyphausen) And old Clip— (Gen. Robertson) Went to the Jersey shore The rebel rogues to beat ; But at Yankee Farms They took the alarms At little harms, And quickly did retreat. Then after two da.ys' wonder Marched boldly to Springfield town. And sure they'd knock the rebels down ; But as their foes Gave them some blows. They, like the wind, Soon changed their mind. And in a crack Eeturned back From not one third their number !" The remarkable fact remains that the enemy never reached our county, except now and then a marauding party. MUTINY AMONG THE TROOPS. Although the main army left Morristown in the sum- mer of 1780, this point was of too great importance to leave entirely undefended. The local militia and some other forces still remained. It was on the first day of the following year, January ist 1781, that the mutiny of the Pennsylvania troops, under General Wayne, the " Mad Anthony" of the Revolution, occurred. These troops, 2,000 in number, had enlisted for three years, "'or during the war." There was no thought that the war would last longer than three years; and the phrase "or during the war " meant, they claimed, that they should be dismissed at its expiration in case it did not last three years. Their officers gave to it the other construction, that they had enlisted for the war, no matter how long it might continue. Added to this cause of dissatisfaction was the fact that they had received no pay for twelve months, and were without necessary clothing and food. These circum- stances were sufficient to excite a spirit of insurrection, which on the date above mentioned manifested itself in open revolt. On a preconcerted signal the whole line, except a part of three regiments, paraded under arms without their officers, marched to the magazines and supplied them- 18 128 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. selves with provisions and ammunition; and, seizing six field pieces, took horses from General Wayne's stable to transport them. The officers of the line collected those who had not yet joined the insurgents and endeavored to restore order; but the revolters fired and killed a Captain Billing, and wounded several other officers, and a few men were killed on each side. The mutineers com- manded the party who opposed them to come over to them instantly, or they should be bayoneted, and the order was obeyed. General Wayne endeavored to interpose his influence and authority, urging them to return to their duty till their grievances could be inciuired into and redressed. But all was to no purpose, and on cocking his pistol they instantly presented their bayonets to his breast, saying: "We respect and love you; often have yau led us into the field of battle, but we are no longer under your com- mand; we warn you to be on your guard; if you fire your pistol, or attempt to enforce your commands, we shall put you instantly to death." Finding both threats and expostulation in vain. Gen- eral Wayne resolved to accompany his men, and ordered his quartermaster to supply them with provisions. That these troops were inspired by no traitorous sen- timents is evidenced by the fact that Sir Henry Clinton, hearing of the mutiny, sent two emissaries, a British ser- geant, and a New Jersey tory by the name of Ogden, to offer them flattering inducements to place themselves under the protection of the British government. These offers were spurned, and the two emissaries in due time handed over to General Wayne. They were eventually tried as spies, convicted, and immediately executed. On the 4th of January the mutineers reached Prince- ton, where they were met by a committee of Congress, and their demands satisfied. The Jersey troops were not proof against the example of their Pennsylvania comrades, as appears from the private journal of William S. Pennington. He writes: "Monday, zzd [oi January 1781), we received informa- tion that the Jersey line had followed the example of Pennsylvania in mutinying, in consequence of which a detachment of artillery, consisting of three 3-pounders, to be commanded by Captain Stewart, was ordered to parade immediately. I was ordered to join the above detachment vice Ailing. 25th. — This day the detachment marched to Smith's Cove, and halted for the night. 26th. — This day we marched to Ringwood, and joined a detachment under Major General Howe. "Saturday, 2-]th. — This day the above detachment marched at i o'clock, and at daylight surrounded the Jersey encampment near Pompton, where the mutineers were quartered. No other terms were offered to them than to immediately parade without their arms. General Howe likewise sent them word, by Lieutenant Colonel Barber, that if they did not comply in five minutes he would put them all to the sword, rather than run the risk of which they surrendered. Upon which the general ordered a court martial in the field to try some of their leaders, three of whom, namely, Grant, Tuttle, and Gilmore, were sentenced to suffer death. Grant, from ■^ome circumstances in his behavior, was pardoned. Tuttle and Gilmore were immediately executed. The mutineers returned to their duty, and received a general pardon." THE MORRISTOWN GHOST. Shortly after the Revolution considerable local history was made by the appearance of the far-famed Morristown Ghost. It is not remarkable that the people of a century ago should have believed in witches and hobgoblins. We need not enumerate the causes of this superstitious credulity. The fact is that which now concerns us. The staid people of this vicinity were no exception to the general belief of that time in ghosts. The more recent freedom of our community from this superstition is probably due as much to the exposure of his ghostship, which we propose to relate, as to the advanced enlighten- ment of the age. In the latter part of the last century a book appeared of which the following is the title page: " The Morristown Ghost; an Account of the Beginning, Transactions, and Discovery of Ransford Rogers, who seduced many by pretended Hobgoblins and Apparitions, and thereby extorted money from their pockets. In the County of Morris and State of New Jersey, in the year 1788. Printed for every purchaser — 1792." Who wrote and who published this pamphlet can not now be certainly ascertained. Some supposed that Rogers himself wrote it, in order to increase his revenues and also to punish the Morristown people for their treatment of him. From the resemblance of the type and paper to that used in the New Jersey Journal of that date the suspicion is not unwarranted that the pamphlet was published by Sheppard Kollock, of EHzabethtown. The names of many prominent persons in the com- munity figured in this pamphlet. It is not difficult there- fore to believe the tradition that the edition so far as possible was bought ^p and destroyed. Such things, however, refuse to die. David Young, " Philom.," whose name figured so conspicuously on the title pages of half the almanacs of forty years ago, accidentally found a copy of the work in Elizabeth; and thus in 1826 appeared "The Wonderful History of the Morristown Ghost; thoroughly and carefully revised. By David Young, Newark. Published by Benjamin Olds, for the author. J. C. Totten, Printer." In 1876 a fac-simile copy of the original history of the Morristown ghost, " with an appendix compiled from the county records," was pubHshed by L. A. and B. H. "Yoght and it can, we believe, still be secured from them. The affair created intense excitement at the time, and not a little merriment at the expense of those so cleverly duped. A few years later it furnished the materials of an amusing comedy, which was played at a public exhibition in Newark, the- author of which, if tradition may be trusted, was a son of Rev. James Richards, D. D., a former pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of this place. In the following account of this humbug we suppress THE MORRISTOWN GHOST. 129 the names of the duped, as they are not generally known and some of their descendants are with us unto this day. It was a common opinion at that time that large sums of money had been buried during the Revolutionary war by tories and others in Schooley's Mountain. It was supposed to be thus concealed to protect it on the one hand from confiscation by the colonists, or on the other from the demands of the war. Many of these tories never returned to their homes, while many of the other class died during the contest; their treasures being, so it was believed, still under the ground. Moreover these treasures were guarded by the spirits, so that no one could obtain them who did not possess the art of dispelling spirits. In the summer of 1788 two Morris county men, travel- ing through Smith's Clove, New York, fell in with a school teacher from Connecticut, one Ransford Rogers. These men had long been in search of some one who possessed sufficient power to recover the Schooley's Mountain treasure. Rogers professed to have a " deep knowledge of chymistry " and all the sciences, which gave him, he claimed, the power to raise and dispel good or evil spirits. Visions of speedy fortune rose before the two travelers, and they urged him to accompany them to Morristown; this, after a modest refusal, he consented to do, they promising him a school in the neighborhood. He accordingly came to Morristown and was installed as school teacher about three miles from the town, on the Mendham road; the school-house stood on the hill near where is now the residence of Samuel F. Pierson. He took charge of this school early in August, but being im- portuned to exhibit his art he found he needed an ac- complice and accordingly went back to New England for one, returning in September. Rogers now gathered his believers, to the number of about eight, and held a secret meeting; he assured them the treasure was there, and that it was absolutely necessary to raise and consult the guard- ian spirits before it could be obtained; this he assured them he was able to do, and at the close of the con- venticle enjoined them to refrain from all immorality lest the spirits should be provoked and withhold the treasure. The members of the company, trans- ported with dazzling, golden visions, communicated their hopes to friends, and their number was soon increased to forty. Rogers pretended to have frequent meetings with the spirits, and, to strengthen the faith of the weak, com- pounded substances Avhich being thrown into the air would explode, producing various extraordinary and mysterious appearances, which the spectators believed to be caused by supernatural power; others were buried in the earth, and after a certain time would occasion dread- ful explosioiis, which in the night appeared very dismal and caused much timidity. The company was impatient of delay, and wished to proceed in quest of the promised riches. A night was appointed for a general meeting, and though very stormy all were there, some riding as much as twelve miles for the purpose of attending. The spirit now appeared, and told them they must meet on a certain night in a field half a mile from any house, where they must form certain angles and circles, and not get outside the boundary of the same, on pain of extirpa- tion. On the appointed night they assembled, and about half past ten went within the circle, and forming a procession marched round and round. They were sud denly shocked by a terrible explosion in the earth, a short distance from them, caused as above stated but at- tributed by them to supernatural causes. Im.mediately the pretended ghosts made their appearance, hideous groans were heard, and they conversed with Rogers in the hearing of the company. The spirits informed them that in order to obtain the treasure it would be neces- sary for the members to deliver twelve pounds apiece to them (the spirits) as an acknowledgment. The company were adjured to acknowledge Rogers their leader. The pretended "ghosts" had machines over their, mouths which so changed their voices that they were unrecogniz- able. This was in November 1788. Frequent meetings were now held and at all some " manifestations " took place, such as groans, rappings, jingling of money, and sometimes a voice saying " Press Forward!" These spirits favored specie payment and refused to take the " loan paper " which was at that time current in New Jersey. But the members of the company, being confi- dent of speedy reimbursement, would give almost any discount to obtain the hard cash. In March, therefore, the money was nearly all paid, and several of the most credible gentlemen of the company were called out of bed at night by pretended spirits, and directed how to proceed. They now convened, privately as usual, and with various " manifestations " were told they should receive the treasure the first of May. The appointed time soon came, and the whole company assembled in an open field, in the aforementioned circles, and awaited the ghosts; these soon made their appearance, but at a small distance from the circle. " They exhibited symptoms of great choler and uttered the most horrible groans, wreathing themselves into various postures which ap- peared most ghastly in the circumambient darkness. They upbraided the company with the utmost severity, declaring that they had not proceeded regularly, that some of them were faithless, and that several things had been divulged which ought to have been kept profoundly secret "; that the wicked disposition of many of the company and their irregular proceedings had debarred them from receiving the treasures at present. The of- fended ghosts appeared so enraged that all thoughts of money were forgotten, and the members looked to Rogers only for protection. He appeared as much frightened as the rest, and was scarcely able to appease the spirits; after a variety of ceremonies, however, he succeeded in dispelling the apparitions, and tranquillity once more reigned within the circle. The company dispersed still believing in Rogers, and confident the spirit would re- turn and conduct them to their anticipated fortunes. So ended the first lesson. If Rogers had stopped here and now he might have been feared and respected to the end of the chapter. But such was not the case. During the winter in which 13a History of morris county. the preceding events were taking place Rogers had given up his school and moved into Morristown. Here he be- came acquainted with two young men recently from Yankeedom, and they by some means became privy to his "ghostly" secrets. They wished to enter the company but he refused to admit them. They now persuaded him to undertake a second venthre. This he agreed to do, and accordingly met five persons whom they had induced to join in the enter- prise. The old. tricks of groans and peculiar noises were resorted to, also a new one, viz.: Each one of the company, the plotters included, took a sheet of paper from a pile, and wrapping it around his wrist held it out at the door, for the spirit to write upon. After holding them thus a considerable time they withdrew them and, having previously huddled the papers together, exam- ined them, when lo! on one was written a time when they were to convene and receive further directions from the spirit! It is needless to say one of the plot- ters had previously prepared this paper. On the ap- pointed night they met at Rogers's house, and having first united in prayer each took a sheet of paper again, and proceeding to a field near the house they drew a circle, and with one arm raised fell on their faces and continued in prayer with their eyes closed, that the spirit might enter the circle and write on the papers. After a time they returned to the house, when, after shuffling the papers together, one was found to contain writing, so elegant they did marvel exceedingly! The import of the paper was that the company must be in- creased to eleven members, each of whom must pay the spirit twelve pounds gold — the old amount. Rogers now determined the scheme should be conducted under a re- ligious garb, and he visited church members in the char- acter of "the spirit of a just man," enjoining them to join the company. In this way he increased the num- ber to about thirty-seven, mostly religious men. Indi- vidual members frequently received nocturnal visits from the "spirits" and were told to "pray without ceasing," " look to God " etc. All the old tricks were resorted to to keep up the faith. Finally, when part of the money had been paid, Rogers presented each man with a parcel of burnt bones, powdered, which he told them was dust of the spirits' bodies, which he had received from them as a sign of their approbation. This was to be carefully guarded and not to be opened. The spirits advised all to drink liquor freely, and as a quantity of this was al- ways provided it is to be feared these church members did not always return home sober. Rogers even com- pounded pills, of which each person must take one and then drink freely to prevent serious effects — this by the spirits' orders. All has worked well so far; now comes the explosion. One of the aged members, having occasion to leave home, through forgetfulness left his parcel of powder behind. His wife found it, and out of curiosity broke it open; but, perceiving the contents, feared to touch it, lest peradventure it should have some connection with witchcraft; she went immediately to Rev. Mr. , for his advice on the subject. When her husband returned he was terrified at what she had done, declaring he was ruined forever. She now insisted on knowing the con- tents, and, after promising to keep it secret, was told the story. She thereupon declared he was serving the devil, and refused to keep the secret, saying it was her duty to put an end to such proceedings. This alarmed Rogers, and he and his accomplices were now more busy than ever appearing as spirits. At last Rogers, having imbibed too much, appeared to converse with a gentleman one night, but made several blunders. The man's wife no- ticed this, but the man did not. Next morning, however, he arose early, and where the pretended spirit had been he had found tracks of a man, which he followed to a fence near by and there found a horse had been tied. Rogers was now tracked down, arrested, and confined in jail. He protested innocence, was bailed out and attempt- ed to leave the State, was again arrested, and confessed. Most of his followers remained firm before^ but were compelled to believe his own confession. Rogers soon made his escape, how is not related. He had kept up the imposture about a year, and swindled his dupes to the tune of $1,300. The moral of the Morristown Ghost is too apparent to need to be stated. THE CHURCHES. In our history for the present century we shall have occasion in detailing modern institutions often to go back for their beginnings to the last century. We begin with the churches. First in order of time is THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The desire of some to divide the Hanover church, re- ferred to on page no, was strenuously opposed by the eastern portion of the parish. To quiet matters a resort was. had to the casting of lots, which resulted against the proposed division. To this decision, however, this branch of the congregation would not submit. For their action in this matter, though they gained their point, yet the church when organized called them to account. A public confession was required from Joseph Coe, John Lindsley, Joseph Prudden, Matthew Lum, Uriah Cutler, Stephen Freeman, Peter Condit, Jacob Ford, Joseph Howard, Benj. Bailey, Philip Condit, &c. The whole affair was carried up to synod in 1733, who strongly disapproved of the casting of lots, and resolved that in their poverty and weakness it might be very advisable for the people of West Hanover, at least for some time, to join them- selves with the congregations of East Hanover and Bask- ing Ridge "as may be most convenient, until they as well as the said neighboring congregations be more able to subsist of themselves separately." Yet if reunion was impracticable "the synod judge that the people of West Hanover be left to their liberty to erect themselves into a separate congregation." No doubt knowing the tem- per and state of feeling in this part of his field of labor this deliverance of synod was in no way satisfactory to Mr. Nutman, the pastor at Hanover, for at the same ses- RELIGIOUS BfiGlNNINGS AT MORKlSTOWN. 131 sion of the body he asked for a dismission from his pres- bytery if this action was enforced of forming a separate congregation; whereupon the synod earnestly recom- mended the Presbytery of East New Jersey to labor with the people of West Hanover to effect a reconciliation, and if this was impossible then to dismiss Mr. Nutman upon his application. The next year the matter again came before the synod in the reading of the minutes, when the use of lots was condemned; and yet say they: "We are afraid that much sin has been committed by many if not all that people in their profane disregard of said lot, and therefore excite them to reflect upon their past practices in reference thereunto in order to their repentance." This implied censure in no way healed the breach. There had been too much said and done on both sides again to work in concert; so that, independent of the counsellings of synod, this branch of the congregation made application to that body on the following year for the ordination of one who had recently come among them. The synod referred the matter to the Presbytery of Philadelphia. In May 1736 the people pressed the presbytery to proceed in the ordination of Mr. Cleverly, when they directed the congregation to appoint a day and give them due notice, that they might attend properly to the business. For some cause no day was designated; so that the presbytery in August 1737 rhet here, but found opposition on the part of some of the people to his settlement. In virtue of this state of things they urged him to seek another field of labor, and wrote to the rector of Yale College to send a candidate, giving as a reason that they knew no other way to supply them. This advice to Mr. Cleverly was not taken, as he re- mained in Morristown till his death, in December 1776. He never married. His small property became nearly exhausted toward the close of life and he was reduced to hardships. The synod in 1738, finding the difficulties still existing and anxious to bring the case to a final issue, appointed a large committee, which met on the 26th of July, at Hanover. The members present were Andrews, of Phil- adelphia; Gilbert Tennent, of New Brunswick; William Tennent, of Freehold; John Cross, of Basking Ridge; Crowell, of Trenton, and Treat, of Abington. An open- ing sermon was preached by Gilbert Tennent from Ezek. xi. 19, " I will give them one heart." The eastern part were still anxious for a union if it could be had on rea- sonable terms. To this the western portion were how- ever averse, and represented according to truth that they were much increased in number, being nearly one-half abler than they were; and the committee, finding that they both were better able to support the gospel, unani- mously concluded that there should be two seperate so- cieties, and that no further attempts should be made to merge them in one, and in this dicision all parties ex- pressed their entire satisfaction. In those days, however, it was not an easy matter to find a pastor, and as Mr. Cleverly still resided here he no doubt officiated occasionally or regularly until, in 1742, a pastor was chosen. Previous to this time, apart from the minutes of the Synod of Philadelphia, we can find no trace of the state of this church in any of its eccle- siastical movements. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Timothy Johnes, his pastorate beginning August 13th 1742 and continuing to the time of his death, covering over half a century. He was of Welsh descent; was born in South- ampton, Long Island, May 24th 1717, and graduated at Yale College in 1737, from whence in 1783 he received the degree of doctor of divinity. Mr. Webster, in his history of the Presbyterian church, says: "Of the period between his leaving college and going to Morristown we have seen no notice, except that in that perilous time, when some haply were found fighting against God, those who separated from the first parish in New Haven wor- shiped in the house of Mr. Timothy Johnes." From this it would appear that he studied theology at New Haven. He was no doubt licensed by the Congrega- tional body, and came to Morristown by means of the letter of presbytery to the president of the college or by a subsequent request to the same. Tradition asserts that he labored for a short period on Long Island in some of the vacant churches. With Mr. Johnes this church as- sumes historic character, shape and life, as from the date of his settlement the church records begin. Though for a time the entries of sessional business are meager, yet they are sufficient to indicate the presbyterial char- acter of the church in its government and relations. The strength of the church in numbers and wealth at its organization cannot now be learned. Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, in his history of the Madison Presbyterian Church, another off-shoot of Hanover, a few years later, says: "In or about 1740 a small and very feeble church was organized and established in Morristown." But it would seem from the action of the committee of synod, as well as from the whole course of procedure of this section of the church, that they were able from the be- ginning to support the gospel. There were 102 in full communion when Mr. Johnes was installed pastor, by no means "a very feeble church;" small in comparison with the power it has since attained, but by no means to be ranked in those days among the feeble churches in the land. The names of these 102 members are appended, with the addition so far as we have been able to ascertain of the date of their death or burial: John Lindley, died March 9 1750, aged 50. Elizabeth Lindley, his wife, buried April 21 1772, aged 91. John Lindley jr., died September 10 1784, aged 56. Sarah Lindley, his wife. Jacob Fford, died January 19 1777, born April 13 1704. Hannah B ford, his wife, buried July 31 1777, aged 76. Joseph Prudden, buried September 27 1776, aged 84. Joanna Prudden, his wife. Caleb Fair- child, buried May 3 1777, aged 84. Anna Fairchild, his wife, buried April 8 1777, aged 86. Joseph Coe. Judith Coe, his wife. Joseph Coe jr. Esther Coe, his wife. Solomon Munson, buried February 8 1803, aged 78. Tamar Munson, his wife, buried January 28 1779, aged 79. Benjamin Pierson, died August 2 1783, aged 81. Patience Pierson, his wife, died January 7 1785, aged 77. Stephen 132 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Freman, buried August 2 177 1, aged 84. Hannah Freman, his wife, buried July 22 1779, aged 85. Matthew Lum, buried May 21 1777, aged 70. Susanna Lam, his wife, died May 23 1758, aged 63. Peter Cundit, buried July 11 1768, aged 69. Phebe Cundit, bis wife, buried July 26 1768, aged 65. Philip Cundit, died December 23 1801, aged 92. Mary Cundit, his wife, buried September 30 1784, aged 72. Joseph Howard. Mary Howard, his wife, buried January 30 1782, aged 79. Sarah, wife of Samuel Ford. Benjamin Bailey, buried March 20 1783, aged 83. Letitia Bailey, his wife, buried August II 1781, aged 78. Samuel Nutman. Abigail Nutman, his wife. James Cole. Phebe Cole, his wife. Benjamin Coe. Rachel Coe, his wife, buried De- cember 20th 1776, aged 58. Thomas Kent. Ebenezer Mahurin. , wife of Ebenezer Mahurin. Uriah Cut- ler, buried February 5th, 1795, aged 86. Timothy Mills, died March 4th 1803, aged 85. Job Allen, of Rocka- way. John Clark. Abigail Clark, his wife. Benjamin Beach, of Rockaway; suspended May 26th 1756. Abner Beach, of Rockaway; suspended May 8th 1752. Jonah Arstin. , his wife. Zeruiah, wife of Isaiah Wines, " now of Captain Samuel Day," buried December 21st 1776, aged 56. Sarah, wife of Isaac Price. Martha, wife of Cornelius Arstin. Susanna, wife of Caleb Tich- enor. Sarah, wife of James Frost. Mary, wife of Isaac Clark. Elizabeth, wife of David More. Ann, wife of Alexander Robards. Ann Allen, widow. Sarah, wife of Abraham Hathaway. Bethiah, wife of Thomas Wood, buried November 7th 1773, aged 74. Experience, wife of Benjamin Conger, buried September 30th 1784, aged 73. Charity, wife of Benjamin Shipman. Phebe, wife of Shadrach Hathaway. , wife of John Jonson. Cath- arine, wife of Peter Stagg. , wife of Eliacam Suerd. Mary Burt. Comfort, wife of Joseph Stiles, died June 17th 1785, aged 76. Joanna, wife of Peter Prudden. Samuel Sweasy. Susanna Sweasy, his wife, buried Nov- ember 5th 1776, aged 80. Joseph Fowler's wife Hannah. Hannah, wife of Jeremiah Johnson. Martha, wife of. John Fford. Abigail, wife of Jonathan Conklin, " now of Samuel Bayles." Charles Howell, died June i8th 1759, aged 38. Deborah, wife of Charles Howell, died De- cember 19th 1765, aged 43. Daughter (?) of Charles Howell. Doctor Elijah Jillet. Jane, wife of Doctor Jillet. Elder Morris, of Basking Ridge. Mary, his wife. Abraham Campfield's wife (Sarah); buried July 22nd 1783. Phebe, Joshua Ball's wife. Elizabeth Kermicle, widow. Nathan Ward's wife. Jemima, wife of Deacon Matthew Lum. Samuel Baldwin, of Mendham. Rebecca, Zach. Fairchild's wife. Elizabeth, Captain Clark's wife. Wife of Samuel Mills (Sarah), buried January isth 1785, aged 61. Elizabeth, wife of David Gauden. Mattaniah Lyon, died February 2nd 1794, aged 69. , his wife. Alex- ander Johnson's wife. Silas Halsey. Abigail, his wife; buried March 26th 1777, aged 60. Bathiah, Benjamin Halsey's wife, died January 23d 1785, aged 62. John MacFeran, buried November 22nd 1778, aged 80. Eliza- beth, his wife, buried September 13th 1778, aged 77. Nathan Price. Peter Prudden, buried A\m[ 21st 1777, aged 55. At the head of this list stands the following: "The number and names of the persons that were in full communion when the church was first collected and founded, together with the number of those that came since from other churches, with their removal." The first entry upon this roll after those above given is: "Aug. 15 1765, Naomi, wf. of John Laporte, turned from the Anabaptists and received on ye foot of her being a member of that ch. in good standing." Thus it would seem that all named previous to this date were in full communion when Mr. Johnes assumed charge of the church. The names on this list (and the same may be said of those upon deeds) clearly point, as already indicated, to a New England origin. On the 8th of September 1756 a charter of incorpora- tion was granted the church by Jonathan Belcher, the captain-general and governor of the province of New Jersey. This charter may be seen in full in TAe Record for January 1880. The following is the preface to the trustees' book, which then began to be kept: " A Record of the Transactions of the Trustees in and for the Presbyterian Chh & Congregation at morristown, in Vertue of a Charter granted to the said Chh. & Con- gregation by his Excellency Jonathan Belcher, Esqr., Captain General and Governor in Cheif in and over his majesties Province of Nova Cesarea or New Jersey and territories thereon Depending in America, Chancellor and Vice admiral in the same, &c., which Charter was granted the eighteenth of September, in the twenty-ninth year of his majesties Reign, 1756, the expense of which Charter, being about seven Pound Proc. was Raised by Publick Contribution Excepting the writing of Sd Charter, which was Generously done by Ezekiel Cheever, member of Sd Society. " The Incorporated Trustees, Viz.: messiurs. Benjamin Hatheway, President; Benjamin Bayles, Thomas Kent, Benjamin Coe, Charles Howell, Sam'l Robarts & henry Primrose, on the Receiving the Charter at the ministers hous from the hands of Mr. Johnes, who had Been De- siered and was Principally Concerned in obtaining the Sd Charter, the Trustees by a Vote did then and there appoint Sam'l Robarts the Corporation Clark." The first church edifice was no doubt reared before the coming of Mr. Johnes. It was a wooden building nearly square, with shingled sides, and stood a few rods east of the present structure, on land given by Benjamin Hathaway and Jonathan Lindsly for a parsonage and burial ground. On January 24th 1764 the trustees granted permission to erect a steeple, 125 feet in height, and agreed that Colonel Ford should have " the care, management and oversight " of the work. In this tower a bell was hung, the gift tradition says of the king of Great Britain. It had on it the impress of the British crown and the name of the makers — " Lister & Pack of London fecit." The same bell still rings out its sum- mons to the house of God, though recast some 20 years ago. The vane of the steeple was afterward given to the old academy at New Vernon. The increasing number of members made the enlarge- ment of the building a necessity, which was accordingly done in 1774. A still further increase of membership, the growing population of the town, and the hard usage to which the church had been put during the war of the Revolution as a hospital for the army, led after much discussion to the conclusion to build a new edifice. At a meeting of the parish, held October 8th 1790, the final plans were adopted and committees appointed. The church was to be 75 feet long, 55 wide, the steeple 20 feet square, 9 of MORRISTOWN'S FIRST CHURCH AND PASTOR. 133 which were to be taken from the main building, leaving an audience room 66 feet in length. Judge Condict, Dr. Johnes jr., Dr. Jabez Campfield, Squire Carraichael, Squire Lindsly, Mr. Phillips, Jonathan Dickerson, Major Lindsly, Deacon Allen, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Mills and Mr. Halsey were appointed a committee of direction. The said committee were to have leave to apply to the Legis- lature for the privilege of a lottery to raise a sum of money equal to the expense of building the new meeting- house — a method of procedure very common in those days. If this application were ever made it was refused, as we hear no more about it. ' In a memorandum book of one of the committee for the purchasing of materials we have the following entry: " Timber to be all white oak, cut in old moon of Dec, Jan'y or Feb'y, and delivered on the Green by the day of next. Nov. 1790." The work was com- menced in the spring of 1791. The head carpenter was Major Joseph Lindsly, assisted by Gilbert Allen, both elders in the church and men of great moral worth and highly beloved by the congregation. The frame was raised on September 20th 1791, and on several successive days, some 2cc men assisting in the work. The first site selected for the building was in the grave- yard not far from the old church; this fact is gathered from an account book of that date, which has been very mnch mutilated but in which is the following entry: "William Cherry Cr. by one day's work done in the graveyard towards the foundation where the house was first ordered to be built, 5s." The site was changed chiefly through the agency of Dr. Jabez Campfield, but the reason is not known. The location has never given satisfaction and several attempts have been made to move the church; but without success, and it will no doubt stand where it is until superseded by a new house of worship. From the diary of Joseph Lewis, Esq., we take the fol- lowing: "Thursday, Augt. 18 1791. — This afternoon, agreeably to notice given, the congregation met to lay corner stones of the new meeting-house. Rev. Dr. Johnes laid the S. W. corner of the house; Rev. Mr. Collins, by Rev. Mr. Cooly, S. E. do.; the deacon, N. E. do.; elders, N. W. do.; trustees, N. W. do. of the steeple; managers, S. W. do. Different parts of the work were sold at public vendue to the lowest bidder, with the provision that if any person's contract amounted to more than he had sub- scribed toward the building he should wait until the money could be collected, or take orders upon those sub- scribers who were not working out their subscriptions. The managers kept an account with every one who sub- scribed or worked; some of the entries are curious and interesting. Perhaps nothing could better illustrate one feature of the difference between the rehgion of the past and the present than the following entries, the first from the managers' day-book and the second from some stray leaves, which were probably connected with it: "Daniel Phoenix jr., cr. by 13 gills of rum furnished the hands t'lis day, 2 shillings 2 pence." This was in the beginning of the work; the next is February 2, 1794: " Meeting- House dr. to Joseph Marsh, for licker for raising gallery" 13 shillings. On November 26th 1795 the congregation worshiped in this house for the first time, though it was not until several months afterward that the whole was completed. The pulpit was not finished and furnished until some time in 1796, when this fell, as in later times, to the ladies, who collected from their own sex the sum of $125 " for the purpose," as their subscription paper ran, "of dressing the pulpit, getting curtains for the large win- dows of the meeting-house, a new funeral pall, and a gown for the minister.'' In the following year the walls were whitewashed and " the inside of the church ordered to be a light blue." Gradually the whole was finished, at a cost considerably over $10,000. We have heard the sum stated at $12,000. This for the times was a great undertaking. Com- menced soon after the close of the protracted war with Great Britian, when taxes were heavy and must be paid, when the country was burdened with debt, paper money the only currency, nearly every farm mortgaged, and when creditors ran from their debtors, afraid of the con- tinental money, when a silver dollar was scarcely seen and gold was if anything rarer — yet steadily was the work prosecuted in the midst of the most trying dis- couragements, while the willingness of the people to be taxed nearly f 10,000 for the purpose of defraying the expenditure shows a noble spirit; and the readiness with which so many came forward — over 360 persons in all — to contribute to the undertaking reveals the fact that more were willing to share and bear the burdens of the sanctuary than at present. The communicants at that time numbered but little more than half of the subscri- bers, as scarcely 40 pews were reserved for sacramental days. The later history of this church will be sufficiently no- ticed under the successive pastorates, which we now proceed to recount. I. Rev. Timothy Johnes, D.D. ,htgdin\\\s labors Au- gust 13th 1742; was ordained and installed February 9th 1743; continued pastor until his death. In 1791 he fractured his thigh bone by a fall, which confined him for months to his bed, and made him a cripple for the remainder of his life. After more than a year's confine- ment he was able to attend public worship. Aided by one or two of his elders he reached the desk, where, seated on a high cushioned chair, he would occasionally address the people. In this condition he preached in 1793 his half-century sermon to a crowded assembly, who came from all quarters to hear it. His text was, " I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course," etc. In the delivery of that discourse he mani- fested unusual animation, and in the closing prayer he seemed to breathe out his whole soul in fervent petition for the peace, prosperity and salvation of his people. The service was closed by singing the 71st Psalm — " God of my childhood and my youth," etc. In reading the first verse, said an eye-witness, "his voice began to falter 134 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. and became tremulous. He proceeded with much emo- tion, while the tears trickled over his venerable cheeks, and before he could utter the last line his voice seemed to die away admidst the sobs and tears of the whole as- sembly." Seldom did he address his people after this. In the following winter, as he was riding to church on Sabbath morning, his sleigh was upset a short distance from his house, which broke his other thigh bone. He was car- ried to his home, and never left it till he was removed by the hands of others to the graveyard. He died Septem- ber isth 1794, in the 78th year of his age, the S2nd of his pastorate and 54th of his ministry. His tombstone bears the following inscription: "As a Christian few ever discovered more piety — as a minis- ter few labored longer, more zealously or more success- fully than did this minister of Jesus Christ." During his pastorate of over half a century he received into the church 600 members and 572 half-way members, officiated at 2,827 baptisms, and 948 marriages, and dis- ciplined 170 members. . Those who desire to see the first four of the above lists may find them in full in successive numbers of The Record. The last list contains many curious things. A few samples are given. Some difficulty seems to have early arisen between Timothy Peck and one Nutman on the one side and William Shipman on the other, and the two former must have wished to have the latter turned out of the church, and made an accusation against him with that intention; for the session declares it finds the charge groundless, and then goes on to say (intimating that Shipman had complained of losing a steer): "As to Peck and Nutman taking away .the steer, it doth not appear but that " they "had a toleration for their action, though at ye same time they are to blame in going at such a time when as appears they were apprehensive sd. Shipman was not at home; and also for saying they were sorry he was not at home, though it doth not appear the property of the steer was fixed to any." It was adjudged that said Peck and Nutman should " pay sd. Shipman for wintering the steer, according to his demands, and also that they should pay him forty shillings, as or in lieu of his quota of some household goods." Members were disciplined as follows: January 3d 1760, Mr. "and wife for partaking of stolen watermelon;" "July 26 1766, for a premedi- tated fist quarrel;" "January i 1772, for taking hold of an antient man & member of ye ch., and shaking him in an unchristian & threatening manner;" "June 30 1786, & wife for ye premature marriage of wife's sister after first wife's death." A frequent cause of discipline was intemperance, which slew its victims then as" now. In all these cases the record shows the kindly heart and wise discretion of the pastor. The moulding influence of this honored minister of Christ upon this whole section of country warrants a somewhat elaborate review of his official life and work. This cannot be better given than in the following sketch by the Rev. Albert Barnes, taken from a manual of the First Presbyterian Church, prepared and published by him in 1828, while pastor of the church: " Dr. Johnes has left nothmg except the general im- pression of his labors on the minds of the church and congregation, by which the nature and value of his ser- vices can now be distinctly known. [Only one of his sermons has ever been printed, which may be found in the Record iox October 1880. The writer of this has in his possession a number of MS. sermons, but few of which are still in existence.— R. S. G.] The fact, however, that he received the highest honors of a college deserved- ly ranking among the first in the United States, and that at a time when literary degrees were not conferred in- discriminately, and were therefore proof of merit, is a sufficient evidence that his standing in the ministry was of a very respectable order, and that he was well known in the American churches. He was a man of respectable literary attainments, but was rather distinguished for his fidelity as a pastor. As a preacher he is said to have been clear, plain, practical and persuasive. His dis- courses were rather an affectionate appeal to the heart than profound and elaborate disquisitions on ab- struse points of theology. He aimed rather to win men to the practice of holiness than to terrify and denounce them. Though faithful in reproving and warning, yet it was with mildness and in the spirit of true Christian affection. He suffered no public vice to escape without reproof; but the reproof was administer- ed in order that he- might show them a more excellent way. He. seemed to have come to his people, particular- ly towards the latter part of his ministry, as an affection- ate Christian pastor; their father, counsellor, and friend. No man could have had a better claim to the title of " father in the gospel;" and no man, probably, would have used the influence thus derived more to the practical benefit of the people. Though not elaborate, or remark- ably profound, or highly eloquent in the pulpit, yet Dr. Johnes had the faculty of instilling successfully the prin- ciples of religion into the minds of the people. He was much with them. He visited much from house to house. He had become acquainted with the circumstances of every family. He had the moulding and training of the congregation. He had the power, therefore, of stamping his own sentiments on their minds. Beloved as their pastor, and venerated as their spiritual father, his sen- timents on religion were always received with high respect, and almost uniformly with cordial approbation. He endeavored to bring religion home to the business and bosoms of men — to associate it with their ordinary notions of living — of bargain and sale — of social and polit- ical intercourse — with all their attachments, hopes and fears. By being much with the people, and by a faculty of adapting his instructions to their circumstances and capacities, he labored successfully to instill into their minds pure sentiments, to form them to good habits, and to train them up to the practice of holy living. The consequence was that at his death there were probably few congregations that were so thoroughly instructed in all that pertained to the practical duties of religion. Dr. Johnes was eminently a peacemaker. His respectable standing, his high character, his long experience, his practical wisdom, and his undoubted integrity secured the confidence of the people and led them to listen with profound deference to him as the arbiter of their dis- putes. Without interfering farther than became him as the venerable pastor of a people in the controversies which arise in neighborhoods, he yet contrived success- fully to suppress a spirit of litigation and to produce an adjustment of difficulties in consistency with the laws of REV, DR. TIMOTHY JOHNES— DR. RICHARDS'S PASTORATE. rSS affection and concord. Habits of litigation he regarded as eminently inconsistent with the spirit of the gospel, and he therefore labored that his people might endeavor to hold " the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace." Nor did he labor in vain. He was regarded as the tried friend of his people, and they unhesitatingly reposed with confidence on his judgment. " Dr. Johnes was a warm and decided friend to revi- vals of religion. He received his education in the time of President Edwards and Whitefield and the Tennants. He came to this place in the period of the greatest ex- citement on the subject of religion that this country has ever known. Many of the older inhabitants of this place can still recollect the interest with which he read to his congregation accounts of revivals in other parts of the country. He labored and prayed fervently that his own congregation might be brought also to a participa tion of the blessings that descended on other parts of the land. His sentiments on this subject are recorded in in- cidental notices attached to the names of those who were added to the church during these seasons of special mercy. In one place he says, ' These the sweet fruits of the wonderful effusion of God's adorable grace began on our sacrament day, July ist 1764.' In another, 'those that follow the ingatherings of the divine harvest in 1774 — sweet drops of the morning dew.' " Few men have ever been more successful as ministers of the gospel than Dr. Johnes. To have been the instru- ment of founding a large and flourishing church; to have been regarded as its affectionate father and guide; to have established the ordinances of the gospel, and formed the people to respect its institutions; to have produced that outward order and morality and love of good insti- tutions now observable in this congregation, was itself worthy of the toils of his life. In being permitted to regard himself as, under God, the originator of habits and good institutions which are to run into coming gen- erations, he could not but look upon his toils as amply recompensed. " But he was permitted also to see higher fruit of the labor of his ministry. It pleased a gracious God, not only to grant a gradual increase of the church, but also at two different times to visit the congregation with a special revival of religion. The first occurred in 1764. This commenced, as has been noted, on the sacrament day, July ist. The fruits of this revival were the admission to the church, within the space of about a year, of ninety- four persons. Of the characteristics of this revival little is known, except that it was a work of deep feelmg, much anxiety, awful apprehensions of the nature of sin and of the justice of God, impressive solemnity, and sound and thorough hopeful conversions to God. The second revival commenced in 1774. As the result of this about fifty were added to the church. In 1790 there was another season of unusual excitement on the subject of religion, and about forty were united to the church." 2. Rev. Aaron C. Collins was settled January 6th 1791 as colleague pastor of Dr. Johnes; he was dismissed after a brief and unpleasant pastorate, September 2nd 1793. 3. Eev. James Richards, D.D., was settled May ist 1795, and dismissed April 26th 1809. Like Dr. Johnes, Dr. Richards was of Welsh descent. He was born at New Canaan, Conn., October 29th 1767. He labored first as a licentiate at Ballston, N. Y., and afterward supplied two small congregations on Long Island. On the 21st of July 1794 a call from this church was made and put into his hands, in which he was offered $440 salary in quarterly payments, the use of the parsonage and fire wood. This was in due time accepted by him, and on the ist of May 1795 he was ordained and installed pastor of the church by the Presbytery of New York. Dr. McWhorter, of Newark, preached the ordination sermon from Acts xx. 24. Dr. Rogers, of New York, presided; Mr. Austin, of Elizabeth gave the charge to the people. In the year 1801 he received the degree of Master of Arts from Princeton College, and in 1805, at the age of 37, was chosen moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. In November 1795 the old church was taken down, vacated, and sold in lots. A good part of it was con- verted into a distillery and cider-mill on Water street, So great, so it was said, was the attachment of many of the members for it that they could not refrain from vis- iting it in its new location. On November 26th 1795 Mr. Richards preached the first sermon in the new and pres- ent house. The old plan of rating and collecting was now discon- tinued; and in its place the pews were sold and assessed. The number purchasing or renting pews was 158, and the sum paid was $533-35. The expenses for 1797, ac- cording to an old memorandum, were: Salary, $440; sweeping the church, $15; sexton, $15; cake for wood cutters, $19; printing, $2; "Cyder," $5.62. Total, I496.62. Cake and cider formed it would appear no inconsiderable part of the sum total of expenses. The minister was promised so much salary, parsonage and fire-wood. The " wood-frolick," as it was called, was a great event in the parish. It brought together the greater part of the congregation, the ladies preparing supper at the parsonage, which was heartily enjoyed by those who were busy during the day in bringing together the year's supply of fuel for their minister, which aver- aged about 40 cords. We find the amounts expended by the parish, for these frolics in 1797, as seen above, to be for cake and cider, $24.62; in 1798, bread and beef, $18.94; in 1799, I cwt. of flour and 200 lbs. of beef, $10.83. The spinning visit was similar in character, though we do not find that it was attended with expense to the parish. By this means there were collected together various amounts of linen thread, yard and cloth, pro- portioned to the " gude " wife's ability or generosity. The thread was woven into cloth for the use and comfort of the pastor and his family, and as it was not always of the same texture and size it sometimes puzzled the weaver to make the cloth and finish it alike. The meagerness of Mr. Richards's salary was a source of great perplexity to him as the expenses of his growing family increased, and finally led to his accepting a call from the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J. During his pastorate of fourteen years he admitted to the church on examination 214, and on certificate 29. He baptized 444, and solemnized 251 marriages. At the time of his dismission the church numbered 298 members in full communion. Mr. Richards remained in Newark fifteen years, when he resigned his charge to accept the professorship of 136 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. theology in the theological seminary at Auburn, N. Y. Here he remained until his death, August 2nd 1843. 4. Rev. Samuel Fisher, D. D., settled August gth 1809; dismissed April 27th 1814. Jonathan Fisher was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary army, was taken sick in the performance of his duties, and died of camp fever in this town in March 1777, three months before the birth of his son Samuel, the successor of Mr. Richards. He was buried in the old cemetery in the rear of the church. Samuel was born in Sunderland, Mass., June 30th 1777; graduated at Wil- liams College in 1799, and afterward filled the position of tutor in the college for some time. He was ordained November ist 1805, and settled over the Congregational church of Wilton, Conn., from whence he was called to this church. He was an able minister and laborious pas- tor, yet the political excitement of the time was such that he gave offense in certain sermons preached in 1812 (which he afterward published to show the groundlessness of the charges made against him); this finally led to the resignation of his charge. The last person he receive'd into the communion of the church was an aged woman who. thirty-seven years before had attended his father in his last illness. While here he officiated at 86 marriages and 279 funerals. There were added to the church in thh same time 65 on profession and 32 by certificate. His congregation embraced and he visited in his pastoral work over 500 families. In the years 1811 and 1812 he took a census of the village and township, and found the number of white males to be 466, females 511, blacks 134 — total, i,iii; inhabitants out of the village — white males 1,018, females 1,020, blacks 68 — total, 2,106; in 3113,217. Number of baptized persons in the village, 152; in the country, 378; total, 530. Church members in the village, 102; in the parish, out of the village, 206; total, 308. 5. Eev. William A. McDowell, D. D.; settled Decem- ber 13th 1814; dismissed October 23d 1823. Dr. Mc- Dowell was born at Lamington, N. J., in May 1789; studied at Elizabethtown under Mr. Henry Mills, a son of this church and afterward professor in the theological seminary at Auburn, N. Y.; graduated at Princeton in 1809 and was then tutor in the' same; entered the first class in the theological seminary at Princeton in 1812; was ordained and installed pastor of the church at Bound Brook December 22nd 1815, where he remained less than a year. His pastorate in Morristown was highly success- ful, and large numbers were added to the church, 130 in 1822. The severe labors of this great revival seriously affected his health, never vigorous. He was obliged to go south; and shortly after this, receiving a call to Charleston, S. C, he felt constrained on the ground of health to accept it. He died in this place, September 17th 1851, having shortly before returned here to put himself under the care of his old physician, Dr. Johnes. During his pastorate of nearly nine years 271 were added to the church on profession, and 46 by letter— 317 in all. In 1816 a Sabbath-school was established in connec- tion with the church. Before this a few active friends met on Sabbath to instruct the colored people, which may be considered as the first movement in this section for planting that institution which God has so much hon- ored and blessed to both teacher and scholar. The school of this church was first under the superintend- ance of one or two devoted ladies, assisted by an eflfi- cient corps of teachers, among whom we find the names Mills, Condit, Johnson, Johnes, Schenck, etc., all ladies. In 1819 a lecture room, the predecessor of the pres- ent one, was built under the management and super- vision of John Mills. In 1822 stoves and lamps were first introduced into the church. The former innovation was very much op- posed by a few as leading to effeminacy. Their fathers and mothers had faithfully attended the sanctuary with- out any such comforts, being satisfied with the smell of fire from the foot stoves. One good man affirmed that they had always trusted Providence for keeping warm and should do so still; opposition was slight, however, and stoves and lamps were soon fixtures in the church, at an expense of $254. Previous to this when the church was lighted, which was but seldom, it was done by candles taken by different members of the congre- gation. Opposition to stoves was on a par with the re- pugnance of many to insuring the church, which was deemed a wanton disregard of God's providence and an act that boded no good. These wood stoves continued till 1835, when they were found insufficient for warm- ing the building; coal stoves were then substituted and were used until the furnaces were introduced. The lamps remained until 1842, when others were purchased sufficient to give a fine light over the whole church. These were rendered useless by the introduction of gas. 6. Rev. Albert Barnes; ordained and installed Feb. 8th 1825, dismissed June 8th 1830. Mr. Barnes graduated at Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y., in 1820. His theo- logical studies were pursued at Princeton. This was Mr. Barnes's first pastorate, and to hisMaster's work here he consecrated all his powers. His sermons were close, pungent, discriminating and pointed, making no com- promises with sin, and fearlessly uttered. The greatest commotion was excited in the early part of his ministry by his decided and unflinching course on temperance. That great work was begining to occupy the thoughts of many. Here he found drinking customs in vogue, and distilleries dotted all over the parish. Within the limits of his pastoral charge there were 19 places where ardent spirits were made and 20 where they were sold. To arrest the evils that are ever associated with this vice, and re- move if possible the curse from the community, he early called the attention of his people to the subject by a se- ries of sermons in which he appealed to their reason, con- science and religion, and sought to lead them to an abandonment of social drinking usages, and of the places where intoxicating drinks were manufactured and sold. Some engaged in the traffic were first indignant at his interference and radical measures, and after listen- ing to his discourse determined never again to be pres- ent to listen to another; but at the time for the delivery PASTORS OF THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, MORRISTOWN. 137 ot the next sermon they were in their places anxious to hear what he would say, and at last so convinced were they of the injury that they were doing to the morals of the place and the happiness of families that soon 17 of the distilleries were closed, and not long after his de- parture the fires of the other two went out. Here also commenced that system of early rising and literary labor which resulted in his well known commenta- ries on the Bible. He devoted the hours from 4 to 9 o'clock in the morning to this work. Here also was ■preached and published the sermon called "The Way of Salvation," which was greatly instrumental in his being called to the First church of Philadelphia, and which from its statements in regard to certain doctrines led to discussion, opposition, censure, trial and a temporary suspension of his ministerial duties and finally to the di- vision of the Presbyterian church into the Old School and New School branches. No man has left his impress upon this congregation more than Mr. Barnes. He came here in his youthful vigor, and God largely owned his labors, and few minis- ters have had a more attached people than his parish- ioners, who loved him for his excellencies, revered him for his piety and have followed his afterlife with undevi- ating interest; 296 were admitted to the church, 228 on profession and 68 by certificate. He was installed pastor over the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia on the 2Sth of June 1B30, where he remained to his death, Dec. 24th 1870. 7. Rev. Charles Hoover; settled February 8th 1832; dismissed March loth 1836. According to its report to the General Assembly the church under the pastorate of Mr. Hoover was the largest in the State of New Jersey. On June 26th 1833 Mr. Hoover assisted in the organiza- tion of a church at New Vernon, drawn mainly from this society; 30 were dismissed that year from this church and several during the next two years. That enterprise received material aid in the erection of a building from this church. 8. Rev. Orlando L. Kirtlandj settled March 23d 1837; dismissed August 26th 1840. One of the first acts of the new pastor was to make a corrected list of the members of the church. The number found to be in actual com- munion was 453. Mr. Kirtland was dismissed to become the pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, organized under him in this place. 9. Rev. A. Henry Diimont, D. D.j settled January 20th 1841; dismissed July 9th 1845. During the four and a half years of this pastorate in were received by letter and on profession into membership of the church. On September ist 1845 a call was made and presented to Rev. Jonathan B. Condict, which was not accepted. 10. Rev. Alexander R. Thompson; ordained and in- stalled January 14th 1846; dismissed July 28th 1847. 11. Rev. James Richards, D. D.; settled December 28th 1847; dismissed April isth 1851. Mr. Richards was the son of the second pastor of the church. He added to the church 19 on profession and 53 by letter. 12. Rev. John H. Townley; settled December 27th 1851; died February 5th 1855. Mr. Townley came here from the church at Hackettstown. He labored faithfully and zealously, and God blessed his labors; but consumption had marked him as its victim, and cut him off in the midst of his usefulness and years. He was born at West- field, N. J., in March 1818. The following minute is quoted from the session-book: "That as a pastor his qualities of mind and heart and his excellencies of life and character have made him a rich blessing to this church and congregation." During his pastorate 85 were received into communion with the church, 50 by letter and 35 on profession. In February 1852 Hon. J. Phillips Phcenix presented the church with a town clock at a cost of $450. 13. Rev. David Irving, D. D.; settled November 5th 1855; dismissed May loth 1865. Dr. Irving's pastorate here was largely blessed; 376 were added to the church, 168 by letter and 208 by profession. He largely stimu- lated the church in benevolence. Bringing with him the true missionary spirit from his experience as a missionary in India, he infused the same spirit into the people. Under him the church became noted for its liberality, a distinction which it has continued to maintain. It is unnecessary to say that since his dismission from this church he has been one of the secretaries of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. 14. Rev. Gavin Langmuir; settled July 17th 1866; dis- missed September 9th 1868. Mr. Langrauir came here directly from Princeton Seminary. His health soon gave way; and after laboring about three months he was sent to Europe by the church, where he remained until his resignation. He is at present pastor of the American church at Florence, Italy. 15. Rev. John Abbott French; settled December 21st 1868; dismissed January 31st 1877. Mr. French's pastor- ate was highly successful. He added to the church 336 in all, 128 by letter and 208 on profession. He resigned to accept a call to the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, 111. After laboring there for three years he was obliged to resign because of ill health, and he still remains for the same reason unsettled. 16. Rev. Rufus Smith Green began his labors here June 17th 1877, and was installed on the i8th of the fol- lowing month. Under his pastorate, which closed Oc- tober nth 1881, 131 were added to the church, 77 by let- ter and 54 on profession. Officers of the Church. — The present officers are: Ruling Elders — Enoch T. Caskey, Joel Davis, Henry M. Dalrymple, Wm. D. Johnson, Wayland Spaulding, Wm. W. Stone, James Richards Voorhees, Lebbeus B. Ward, Aaron D.Whitehead, Joseph H. Van Doren, Theodore Lit- tle, clerk. Deacons — Victor Fleury, Henry M. Olmstead. Trustees — Aurelius B. Hull (president), Thos. C. Bush- nell, Wm. E. Church, Edward Pierson, Henry C. Pitney, Joseph H. Van Doren (clerk). Treasurer of parish, A. B. Hull; clerk of parish, James R. Voorhees; superintend- ent of Sunday-school, Wm. D. Johnson; sexton, Francis L. Whitehead. The present membership of the church is 600; number in the Sunday-school, 450; congrega- 138 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. tional expenses for year, $6,500; beneficence for year, $9,000. We append a complete list of ruling elders of the First Church from its organization, with the date of taking office: 1747 — Joseph Prudden, Matthew Lum, John Lindsley, Joseph Coe, Jacob Ford; 1752 — Abner Beach; 1754 — Solomon Munson, Daniel Lindsley; 1761 — Daniel Mor- ris, Timothy Mills, Matthias Burnet; 1769 — John Ayres, John Lindsley jr.; 1770 — Ezra Halsey; 1777 — Joseph Lindsley, Gilbert Allen, Philip Condict, Jonas Phillips; 1785 — Joseph Prudden jr., Caleb Munson, Philip Linds- ley, Ezra Halsey; 1792 — Isaac Prudden, Samuel Free- man, Jesse Cutler, Matthias Crane; 1805 — Henry Vail, David Lindsley, Zophar Freeman, James Stevenson; 1812 — Stephen Young, Jacob Pierson, Lewis Mills, Peter A. Johnson; 1826 — Timothy Tucker, William Enslee, George K. Drake, Frederick King, Jonathan- Thompson, Jonathan Oliver; 1832 — Stephen A. Prudden, Jonathan D. Marvin, John B. Johnes, M. D., John R. Freeman, Jonathan Pierson, Sylvester R. Whitehead, John W. Cortelyou; 1843 — Ezra Mills; 1846 — Ira Condict White- head; 1857 — David Olyphant, Richard W. Stevenson, M. D.; 1859 — Joel Davis, Theodore Little; 1870 — Henry M. Dalrymple, James D. Stevenson; 1871 — Leb- beus B. Ward, Austin Requa, William W. Stone, Enoch T. Caskey, Joseph H. Van Doren, William G. Anderson; 1880 — Aaron D. Whitehead, James Richards Voorhees, William D. Johnson, Wayland Spaulding. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. The Baptist is the second of the Morristown churches in point of age. It was formed August nth 1752. On the 8th of the previous June eleven persons obtained dismission from the church at Piscataway, and were organized by Elders Isaac Eaton, Benjamin Miller and Isaac Steele into " The Baptist Church at Morristown.'' Their names were Daniel Sutton, Jonas Goble, John Sutton, Melatiah Goble, Jemima Wiggins, Daniel Wal- ling, Ichabod Tomkins, Sarah Wiggins, Mary Goble, Naomi Allen and Robert Goble. On the 19th of August they held their first meeting for business, elected a deacon and clerk, and although destitute of a pastor made arrangements for public worship and the observ- ance of the ordinances. The house occupied for wor- ship was a small building a mile or two south of the village, on the road to New Vernon, in which direction the principal part of the membership appears to have lived. This house was occupied until May 1771, when a new building was dedicated on the site upon which the present church stands. Malcom Brookfield, of Newark, has in his possession an old memorandum book, kept by his grandfather, John Brookfield, from which we learn that February 15th 1769, at a meeting of the Baptist church at Morristown, it was concluded that subscription papers be drawn up as soon as possible for the building of a new meeting-house " on Morristown Green." If ;^2oo were signed, ex- clusive of what the church members gave, they were to go on with the building. The following subscriptions were made: Zopher Gildenshaw, 13s. iid.; Jeams Brookfield, los. lod.; Jeams Miller, is. 9d.; Benjamin Goble, 9s. 8d.; Robard (Robert?) Goble, £2 sd.; Elijah Person, 9s. 2d.; Captain Stark, £1 3s. gd.; Ephriem Goble, £i is.; John Linsly, 6s. 2d.; Fradreck King, ;^2 i6s. 2d.; Joseph Wood, £2 los. 6d.; Garshom Goble, £1 6s. lod.; John Brookfield, £^ 2s. gd.; Samuel Serin and Zopher Free- man, in part, £1 i8s. gd.; Moses Monson, £\ 5s. lod.; Anais Holsey, £6 los. 4d.; Gilbard Allien, £1 4s. 3^.; William Goble, £1 gs. gd:; Hanah Lincton, ss. 6d.; Jon- athan Wood, 13s. 5d.; Solomon Monson, 4s. 2d.; Solomon Sbuthard, £z i8s. 6d.; Aaron Stark Jun., £(i 13s. iid.; Peter Jollomons, £(i 3s. 3d-; John Stark, £\ is.; Jacob Allien and John Allien, £z 17s.; Daniel Congar, ss. id.; Abraham Person, 2S.; John Lepard, gs. gd.; Thomas Wood, 2S.; Waitstill Monson, 19s. 6d.; Gorge Goble, is. id.; Joseph Fairchild, ss. iid.; Anney Wilkison, £\ 2s. 2d.; Benjamin Goble by Jemimey Day, £1 7s. 7d.; Moses Person, £\ i6s. 6d.; John Conkling, £i 3s.; John Shadwick, is. id.; Abraham Ludlow, los. gd.; Jeams Hill, £1 153. 8d.; Robard Goble, i^s. sd.; Wil- liam CuUen, £2,. Total, ^76 igs. "Aaron Curnit also gave ^^8 Proc. and ;^i2 Lite." During the encampment of Washington here this building, like that of the First Presbyterian Church, was used as a hospital for the sick of the army. After seventy years of service a new edifice was felt to be a pressing necessity. It was thought best to change the location; and build the new house at Littleton. Ac- cordingly, at a church meeting held April 24th 1840, the trustees were " authorized to offer the meeting-house and lot for sale, and to give title therefor.'' In accordance with this decision they commenced negotiations with a committee of the Second Presbyterian Church (then about being organized) for the disposal of the property, at the price of $2,500, reserving the cemetery adjoining. The terms of sale were agreed upon, except that the com- mittee demanded a part of the cemetery. To this the church would not agree, and the negotiations were consequently concluded. This failure to dispose of their property prevented the removal to Littleton. They now commenced the erection of a new meeting-house, which was dedicated on the 8th of October 1845. During the time of building they worshiped by invitation in the session-house of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1857 the church was improved and enlarged. On the 27th of January the following year it was rededicated, and it is still occupied by the congregation. The church roll shows the following numerical strength: in 1752 organized with 11 members; in 1826, 45 members; in 1834,35; in 1847, 42; in 1853, 116; in i860, 132; in 1868, 177; in 1872, ig4; present member- ship, 173. The list of pastors is as follows: 1. Rev. John Gano, from May 1754 to Sept. 2Sth I7S7- 2. Hev. Ichabod Tomkins, Nov. 6th i7Sg to Jan. 8th 1761. Mr. Tomkins was one of the constituent members of the church. He was ordained on the first of the dates opposite his name, and died on the last, a prey to that then dread disease the smallpox. Some of his de- scendants are still counted as worthy members of the church to which he so briefly ministered. 3. Rev. John Walton, from June 17th 1767 to Oct, ist PASTORS OF THE MORRISTOWN BAPTIST CHURCH. 139 1770. Like )iis predecessor he was ordained at the time of his installation over the church, and after a brief pastorate he fell a victim to the same foul disease. It was during his pastorate that the present site of the church was purchased and an edifice commenced, the completion of which he did not live to see. 4. Rev. Reune Runyon, from Oct. 2nd 1771 to 1780. He was not ordained when he assumed charge of the church, and remained a licentiate until June 1772. His pastorate fell in those terrible times which tried men's souls. From the meager records which remain we judge that he was a brave man and true, loyal to his country, as well as faithful to his God. In 1780 he accepted a call to the mother church at Piscataway, of which he had formerly been a member. 5. Rev. David Luffbtiry, from 1787 . Little is known of his pastorate. The year previous to his settle- ment, on the 27th of Sept. 1786, a considerable number of members residing in the neighborhood of Schooley's Mountain were dismissed to form an independent church, which was constituted under the name of Schooley's Mountain Church. 6. Rev. Duvid J ayne supplied the church once a month during the year 1791. In August of this year it was voted to join the New York Association, and to send delegates to the convention of churches to meet in that city for the purpose of forming said association. From its organiza- tion to the present time the church has been united with the Philadelphia connection. 7. Rev. William Vanhorne, from 1792 to 1807. Mr. Vanhorne, however, like his predecessor, supplied the pulpit only once a month, being during the time the pas- tor of the Scotch Plains church. The same arrangement was continued for another year by the 8. Rev. John Ellis, from 1808 to 1809; he was serving the church at Mount Bethel as its pastor. 9. Rev. John Lamb, from April ist 181 1 to 1812. 10. Rev. Samuel Trott, from August 30th 1812 to June 1815. 11. Rev. John Boozer, from 181 7 to 1821. 12. Rev. Samuel Trott, from 1821 to October 1826. Upon the resignation of Mr. Trott in 1815 he removed to Kentucky. Returning from that State about the time of Mr. Boozer's resignation, he was again called to the pastorate of the church, a mark of the high esteem in which he was held; though it was said he was not with- out enemies, owing to the rigid Calvinistic views with which his sermons abounded. Following the second dismissal of Mr. Trott the church remained for eight years without a pastor. The mem- bership was reduced to thirty- five, of whom only six were males, and of these six only two resided in town. The members were widely scattered, some living ten miles from the church. It seemed as though the organization must be abandoned. But a few brave spirits, among whom were Deacons John Ball, Ezekiel Howell and John Hill, with brother William Martin, were unwilling to see their beloved church die, and so they prayed and toiled . on. Near the close of 1834 a call was given to 13. Rev. William Syni, who was pastor from 1834 to April ist 1839. Mr. Sym was a great help to the church, and succeeded in strengthening it. He went from here to the First Baptist Church in Newark, N. J. 14. Rev. W. H. Turton, from 1839 to October 1847. During this pastorate the new edifice of which mention has already been made was built. Mr. Turton was a zealous pastor, and under him the church acquired a greater strength than it had ever before attained. He removed from here to Elizabeth. 14. Rev. W. B. Tolan, from July 1848 to July 1853. On the i8th of July 1852 the church celebrated its hun- dredth anniversary, at which Mr. Tolan preached an interesting historical discourse. He was dismissed to the Baptist Church at Rahway, N. J. 15. Rev. Washington Kingsley, from January 8th 1854 to September 1854. 16. Rev. Josiah Hatt, from October 4th 1854 to June i6th 1857. The latter date was the day of his death, he being the third minister who died in the service of this church. 17. Rev. C. D. W. Bridgman, from January 27th 1858 to April i860. Mr. Bridgman was installed on the same day that the renovated and enlarged church was dedi- cated. Though his pastorate here was brief yet his marked abilities greatly strengthened the church. He was dismissed to become the pastor of the Baptist church at Jamaica Plains, Mass. His successful pastorate at Albany, and more recently in New York city, where he now is, is too well known to need more than mention. 18. Rev. G. D. Bremerton, from March 1861 to Sep- tember 1 86 1. 19. Rev. J. B. Morse, from 1862 to October 29th 1863, when he was dismissed to Bunker Hill church, Charles- town, Mass. 20. Rev. A. Pinney, from April ist 1864 to April ist 1868. 21. Rev. E. D. Bentley, from November 1868 to July 6th 1873. Mr. Bentley was called from here to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Norwalk, Conn., where he still is. 22. Rev. J. Henry Gunning, from February ist 1874 to March 25th 1877. Titusville, Pa., was the next home of Mr. Gunning. He is now successfully laboring at Nyack, N. Y. 23. Rev. J. V. Stratton, from October ist 1877 to April 30th 1880. In October of the same year Mr. Stratton removed to Waltham, Mass., where he was set- tled over the First Baptist Church. 24. Rev. Addison Parker, the present pastor, came here in May 1881, removing from Palmyra, N. Y. The present officers of the church are: Pastor, Rev. Addison Parker; deacons, John O. Hill, David F. Moore, Isaac R. Pierson; church clerk, Isaac R. Pier- son ; trustees, L. C. Tompkins (president), James P. Sullivan (treasurer), Isaac R. Pierson (secretary), F. J. Mather, William Lewis, Jeremiah Stalter, William Hobbs; superintendent of Sunday-school, Isaac R. Pierson. 140 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The property of the church is unencumbered, and is valued at |25,ooo. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This is the third oldest in the sisterhood of our local churches. The organization was effected in 1826, and rapidly advanced in numbers and influence. In the great revival of 1827-8 over two hundred joined the so- ciety on probation. It was a time of great excitement on the subject of religion. Stores were closed for sev- eral days, and the people gave their whole attention to religious matters. Anthony Atwood and the father of Dr. D. W. Bartine, afterward pastor of the church, con- ducted the services. Previous to this jMorristown was simply an appointment in a large circuit. The first church building erected by the, Methodists was a two-story brick structure, about 40 by 60 feet, with a gallery on three sides, pulpit on the north end, and choir gallery opposite; located where the brick stables are now, nearly opposite the Farmers' Hotel. It fronted on Market street. The corner stone was laid in 1827, and the dedication occurred on the 14th of October in that year. The Rev. Noah Levings, of New York, officiated, preaching from Eph. xi. 20-22. The second church was a white frame edifice, having a basement, erected on the lot of Jacob Mann; the cor- ner stone was laid in 1840, the dedication occurring in 1841. Sermons were preached by Rev. Charles Pittman and Rev. Anthony Atwood. This building was donated by the family of Hon. George T. Cobb to the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and it is now in use by them on Spring street. The third church building was devised and the corner stone laid in 1866, Rev. J. T. Crane, D. D., pastor; and in 1870 Bishop Janes dedicated the church, assisted by Rev. Dr. John McClintock and Bishop R. S. Foster, then both members of the faculty at Drew Theological Semi- nary, Madison. Rev. Dr. Henry A. Buttz, now president of Drew Theological Seminary, was then the pastor. This magnificent structure is mostly the munificent gift of Hon. George T. Cobb, who died before its completion. Mr. Cobb contributed about $100,000 toward it. The church is built of conglomerate, or "pudding" stone (purple clay, interspersed with white pebbles), found in this vicinity, and so far as known nowhere else. It was doubtless deposited here in the glacial period of the earth's formation. The trimmings are of native and Maine granite. The style of architecture is the solid old Norman. Towering over the entrance is a noble spire 150 feet high. Inside everything is of the most solid description. The wood-work is butternut of a light shade, trimmed with black walnut. The windows are of stained glass. There are front and side galleries, and the total seating capacity is about 1,100. A wing, built across the rear of the church, contains Sunday-school, lecture and class rooms, and pastor's study. In a brick building in the rear are the sexton's residence and church parlors. The parsonage is next door to the church on the south side. The whole property is valued at $175,000. The Philadelphia Conference in 1826 embraced Mor- ristown; in 1837, by a division of that body and its terri- tory, Morristown fell into the New Jersey Conference, and in 1857, by another division, this church and charge were assigned to the Newark Conference, as at present. The following is a list of the successive pastors from the organization of the church to the present date, with the years of their respective service: George Banghart, J. Thompson, 1826; George Bang- hart, Anthony Atwood, 1827; D. Bartine, Anthony At- wood, 1828; Nathaniel Porter, 1829; John Potts, 1830, 1831; John Kennady, 1832; D. Parish, 1833; J. Dandy, 1834; Anthony Atwood, 1835, 1836; James M.Buckley, 1837; Francis A. Morrell, 1838, 1839; William Hawley, 1840; David W. Bartine, 1841, 1842; Lewis T. Maps, 1843, 1844; Thomas M. Carroll, 1845, 1846; Manning Force, 1847; Jefferson Lewis, 1848; Caleb A. Lippin- cott, 1849, 1850; Samuel Vansant, 1851, 1852; Elwood H. Stokes, 1853, 1854; John K. Shaw, 1855, 1856; Rob- ert B. Yard, 1857, 1858; C. S. Vancleve, 1859; M. E. Ellison, i860, 1861; L. R. Dunn, D. D., 1862, 1863; J. T. Crane, D. D., 1864-66; Henry A. Buttz, D. D., 1867- 69; J. K. Burr, D. D., 1870-72; D. W. Bartine, D. D., 1873-75; S. Van Benschoten, D. D., 1876-78; S. L. Bow- man, D. D., 1879-81. The following have been the presiding elders of the district: Manning Force, 1826, 1833-40; L. M. Coombs, 1827, 1828; Charles Pitman, 1829-32; John S. Porter, D. D., 1841-44, 1856-59; Daniel Parish, 1845-47; Thomas Sovereign, 1848-51; 'I'homas M. Carroll, 1852-55; C. S. Vancleve, i860, 1861, 1865; Alexander L. Brice, 1862- 64; Charles Larew, 1866-69; M. E. Ellison, 1870-73; Thomas H. Smith, 1874-76; R. Vanhorn, 1877-79; J. H. Knowles, A. M., 1880, 1881. The Sabbath-school was organized in 1829, Rev. Na- thaniel Porter, pastor, acting as superintendent. He was followed in this office by James Cook, the first lay- man who assumed its duties, and he by Erastus Moses, John Reeves, Moses A. Brookfield, David Morrow, Asa A. Barnes, Thomas K. Ross, John V. Bentley, Samuel F. Headley, Isaac Bird, George T. Cobb, Ichabod Searing, and Francis A. Day, the present incumbent. The male teachers at the organization of the school were George King, James James, Daniel Meeker, Peter McDermot, Jacob O. Burnett, and George Adams (colored). The female teachers were Mary L. Mann, Martha Condit, Susan Guerin, Maria B, Laing, Emily S. Chamberlin, Phebe Towland, Eunice Minton, Ellen Humphreyville, Electa Vale, and Mary Halsey. The infant class was organized in 1854, with 15 scholars, by Mrs. I. H. Tot- ten, who in 1859 resigned the position; there were then 80. The officers of the Sunday-school in 1881 were: superintendent, Francis A. Day; assistant, J. Searing Johnson; secretary, — Hall; treasurer, S. W. Vancleve; librarians, G. H. Quayl, Isaac Van Fleet, Charles Beach, W. L. Corriell, D. H. Rodney, C. G. Van Gilder. The church organization for 1881 was: Pastor — Rev. S. L. Bowman; trustees — James M. Bonsall (president), E. L. Dobbins, E. L. Pruden, Wilbur F. Day, W. B. Skidmore, Charles W. Roberts, James E. Parker; stew- ards — F. A. Day, S. W. Vancleve, Lewis A. Vogt, James V. Bentley, Samuel Eddy, Edwin Ross, Aaron Schenck, EPISCOPAL AND PRESBYTERfAN CHURCHES, MORRISTOWN. 141 David H. Rodney; recording steward, S. W. Vancleve; treasurers — Wilbur F. Day for the trustees, A. Schenck for the stewards; class leaders — George Green, J. Sear- ing Johnson, J. E. Parker, Mrs. W. L. Pruden, John W. Thompson, J. Hazen Stiles; local preacher. Rev. B. N. Reed; exhorters — Stephen Day, Thomas Fry, Abraham Van Gilder, W. Rosevear- The present number of members is 516; probationers, 40. ST. Peter's (episcopal) church. The first time the service of the Protestant Episcopal Church was used in Morristown, so far as is known, was in the summer of 1812. At that time Bishop Hobart, of New York, was visiting Mr. Rogers at Morristown, and, by invitation of the officers of the First Presbyterian Church, he officiated one Sunday in their church, preach- ing and using the Episcopal service. For two summers, in or about 1820 and 1821, the Episcopal service was used in the large room of George P. McCuUoch's boarding school on Sundays, by Mr. Cummins, the assistant teacher in the school, who was an Episcopal minister. For about two years previous to the establishment of the parish, in the year 1827, there was a missionary station here. Services were held in the old Baptist church. The first missionary was Rev. John Croes, son of Bishop Croes. He was succeeded by Rev. Benjamin Holmes, who became rector of the parish when it was started in 1827. While thus officiating here, as mission- ary and afterward as rector, he was in the habit of hold- ing service here on Sunday morning, and at Orange in the afternoon. At Orange he started St. Mark's church, and when he resigned the rectorship here he became rector of that church, where he remained until his death. From the Jerseyman we clip the following notices, the first from the issue of December 27th 1826: Public Notice. — The subscribers, members of the con- gregation of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Morris- town, in the county of Morris, and State of New Jersey, for the purpose of incorporating themselves, and becom- ing a body politic and corporate in law, agreeably to the laws of the State of New Jersey, do hereby give notice that a meeting will be held in the Baptist meeting-house in Morristown aforesaid, being their usual place of meeting for public worship, on Monday the first day of January next, at 10 o'clock a. m., for the purpose of electing a number of the said congregation, not exceeding seven, to be trustees of the same, pursuant to the laws of New Jersey in such case made and provided. Dated Morris- town Dec. 4th 1826.— Benjamin Holmes, Sylvester D. Russell, Henry A. Ford, Dayton I. Car.field, Mary Og- den, Elizabeth Kemble, Catharine Kemble, Catharine Doughty, Frances Ford, L. D. Parson, B. Shaw, Timothy S Johnes, Silas C. Cutler, L. Ayers, Samuel C. Burnet, J W Miller, John R. Brown, S. P. Hull, Jacob M. Kmg, Thomas Richards," Benjamin Douglass, John Nystrom, John Boykin, Wm. B. Paterson, Dan'l C. Martm, George P McCulloch, Abm. C. Canfield, Z. W. Conckhn, John E Canfield, John Young, James Cook, Lewis Hayden, Charles Freeman, Charles H. Ogden, Stephen Freeman, Henry Mooney, Jacob Drake, J. L. Jones. "The corner stone of the new Episcopal church m South street will be laid this afternoon. Service to commence at 3 o'clock precisely. — Jerseyman, Nov. 14th 1828. "The Prostestant Episcopal Church, which has lately been erected in this town will, by divine permission, be consecrated to the service of Almighty God on Thurs- day the 4th of December next, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Croes. Divine service will commence at 11 o'clock A. M. A collection will be taken up to assist in defray- ing the expenses of the building. — Jerseyman, Novem- ber 26th 1828. The list of rectors of St. Peters is as follows: Benjamin Holmes.June ist 1829 to Feb.2ist 1831 ; Hewlet R. Peters, March 28th 1831 to Aug. 6th 1834; Wm. I. Kip, July 13th 1835 to Nov. 2d 1836; Reuben L Germaine, April 30th 1837 to Oct. 13th 1839; Wm. Stanton, May 13th 1840 to April 14th 1847; Chas. W. Rankin, Sept. 13th 1847 to June 13th 1853; Rev. Robt. N. Merritt, D. D., Sept. 28th 1853 to the present time. St. Peter's Church was admitted into the convention of the diocese of New Jersey at the meeting of the con- vention held at Paterson the 30th and 31st of May 1827. Its first officers were: Trustees — Sylvester D. Russell, Dayton I. Canfield, Henry A. Ford, Timothy S. Johnes, John Boykin; wardens — Sylvester D. Russell and Dayton I. Canfield; vestrymen — Henry A. Ford, John Boykin, Samuel P. Hull, Timothy S. Johnes, John R. Brown, Jacob W. Miller, Charles H. Ogden. The church was reincorporated April 12th 1830, with the following officers: Wardens — Dayton I. Canfield and Henry A. Ford; vestrymen— John Boykin, Timothy S. Johnes, Jacob W. Miller, John R. Brown, Jacob W. King. Isaac W. Can- field, Jacob Wilson, John Nystrom, Edwin E. Ford. The present officers are: Rector— Rev. Robert N. Merritt, D. D.; wardens- Alfred Mills, Henry W. Ford; vestrymen— Charles H. Dalrymple, John D. Guerin, Henry W. Miller, Henry Shaw, John M. Cuyler, Charles Y. Swan, Edward V. B. Kissam, Winfield Poillon; superintendent of Sunday- school, Alfred Mills. The number of members is about 200. In 1858 the church was enlarged by adding a chancel at the southwest end, since which time it has been a free church. THE SOUTH STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. is the fifth in our galaxy of churches. At a meeting of the session of the First Presbyterian Church, held Janu- ary 26th 1 841, the following paper, signed by 146 persons, was presented: " We, the subscribers, respectfully request of the ses- sion of the first Presbyterian Church, Morristown, a dis- mission from said church, with a recommendation to the Second Presbyterian Church to be organized in Morris- town." The action taken is best stated in the words of session; "Whereupon it was resolved, unanimously, that the above request be granted, and that the persons named be dis- 142 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. missed to be organized into a new church, and when so organized their relation to this church will cease." At a meeting of session held June 8th 1841 60 other persons were dismissed for the same purpose. Rev. Orlando L. Kirtland was dismissed trom the pas- torate of the First church August 26th 1840, and became the pastor of the new organization, although he was not installed until some time after. The first service was held in the upper room of the old academy on Sunday February 21st 1841, in which place the meetings continued to be held until the 14th of October of the same year, when the new house of wor- ship was dedicated, and the pastor was installed. On the 17th of May 1841 the first board of trustees was elected, consisting of John B. Johnes, Lewis B. Stiles, Ephraim Young, Jonathan H. Smith, Francis Child, B. O. Canfield, and Stephen Vail. On the 27th of the same month Jabez Mills, John W. Poineer and William B. Johnson were elected ruling elders. On the ist of June 1841 the church was duly organized under the name of " the Second Presbyterian Church," by a committee of the then presbytery of Elizabethtown, consisting of Revs. David Magie and Nicholas Murray and Elders Richard Townley and James F. Meeker. The first communion service was celebrated June 6th in the old Academy hall. At a meeting of the parish held May 17th 1841 it was unanimously agreed to proceed at once to the erection of a house of worship. Joseph M. Lindsley, Ephraim Young, Enoch Ketchum, John W. Poineer and William B. Johnson were chosen as a building committee. They selected Mr. Poineer as treasurer, at an annual salary of twelve and a half dollars. The first thing in order was to secure a site on which to build. Several lots were offered, among them one on the lower end of Elm street, near the depot; another on High street, about opposite Prospect street; the Baptist church property, and the lot upon which they finally built. At that time this lot was in a very different condition from that which it now pre- sents. Where the parsonage stands was a deep and muddy ravine, reaching across South street, and forming a very low hollow. The lot was owned by Israel Russel, and upon it stood an old frame building which had been used as a printing office by Henry P. Russel, the pub- lisher of the Palladium of Libei-ty and later of the Morris- town Herald. He had moved to better quarters on the Green, and the building was then occupied by a family. The trustees authorized B. O. Canfield and Francis Child to sell the building for what it would bring. Moses Cherry was the purchaser, for the sum of $25. He moved it to Bank street, where it still stands, being a part of the Fennel house, at the lower end of that street. On April 19th 1841 Israel Russell gave his deed to John W.Poineer for this property,which is described in the deed as containing 1.62 acres, having 196.02 feet frontage on South street. The price paid was $2,500. Poineer con- veyed it to the trustees of the church July 14th 1841. Ths plan for building adopted was that of the Third Presbyterian Church of Newark. Ground was broken on the 7th of April and on the 27th of May the corner stone was laid with appropri- ate ceremonies. Rev Alfred Chester delivering the ad- dress. Messrs. Lindsley and Young were the boss car- penters, with the following assistants: Ezra Cooper, Wm. L. Crowell, Sevalon Mulford, Charles Marsh, E. L. Lounsbury, Samuel Bailey, Enoch Ketchum and some others. Benj. H. Lindsley was the boss mason. The work was done by local mechanics, and largely without pay. Members of the church sent their teams, wagons, carts and men to aid in the work. Thus the cellar was dug, and the sand taken therefrom was used to fill the bog- hole where the parsonage now stands. Thus also the stone was quarried and hauled and the timber drawn, most of which was hewn in the big swamp, and sawed at Samuel Roberts's mill, near Green Village. John M. Moore oversaw this part of the work. Jarzel Turner made the iron bolts by which the rafters and beams were solidly secured. A bell was presented by Judge Stephen Vail, and a clock and Bible by Mrs. Vail. At the dedication, October 14th 1841, the music formed one of the chief attractions. Jacob Jenkins, a school- master, acted as chorister. The accompaniment consisted of a concert flute, played by W. W. Fairchild; a violin, played by James Noyes, and a bass viol, played by Wm. Day. The lady members of the choir numbered 22, all of whom were unmarried. Among them were Emily and Phoebe Day, Mary and Jane Conklin, Harriet and Henrietta Johnson, Mary WooUey, Anne and Abby Smith, Nancy Johnson (now Mrs. Lewis Pierson jr.), Abby Johnson (now Mrs. C. H. Johnson), Phebe Conk- lin (later Mrs. W. W. Fairchild), Kezia Elmer, Harriet Lindsley (later Mrs. H. Jones of Newark) and Miss Grey (now Mrs. Daniel Alexander). Among the gentle- men were Dr. Theodore Johnes, Stewart Elmer, Edward T. Lyon, John Smith, Lewis Pierson jr., C. H. Johnson, Aram Johnson, A. H. Condit, Wm. McMurty, Edward Thompson, Daniel Alexander and Wm. Jaggers. Such satisfaction did their efforts give that they afterward gave two grand concerts for the benefit of the church. The three instruments above named continued to be used in the choir for two years or more, until they were superseded by a seraphine. The seraphine in turn gave way to a small second-hand organ, which in i860 was sold to the church at Branchville, Sussex county, for $200, and a new instrument, built by Hall & Labagh of New York, was purchased at a cost of $1,500. The cost of the building and lot was estimated at $10,- 840, and upon this sum an assessment of 10 per cent, was fixed to meet current expenses. The pastorate of Rev. Mr. Kirtland continued to Oc- tober 185 1. During this time, not including the original 207 from the First church, there were added to the church by letter T40 and on profession 123; total 263. Rev. James C. Edwards was the second pastor of the church. He was installed in January 1852 and dismissed in April i860. During his pastorate 143 persons were received into membership, 59 by letter and 84 on profes- SOUTH STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, MORRISTOWN— OTHER CHURCHES. 143 sion. Mr. Edwards died here June 28th 1880, aged, 73, having previous to his death resided in town about three years. Rev. Arthur Mitchell, D. D., the third pastor, was in- stalled in November 186 1, and dismissed in October 1868. The additions to the church during his incum- bency were, by letter 91, on profession no; total 201. December 27th 1864 a parish meeting was held to con- sider the question of enlarging the church building. At an adjourned meeting, held January 5th 1865, the follow- ing were appointed a building committee: Dr. E. B. Woodruff, Messrs. Gordon Burnham, Matthew Mitchellj H. O. Marsh and S. S. Halsey. The original dimensions of the church were 46 feet front by 72 feet deep. They extended it 26 feet and 8 inches, added a wing and en- larged the tower. Silas Norris was the contractor for the woodwork, and John Thatcher did the painting. These improvements cost $11,032.83. A debt of $S,ooci remained on the work, which was paid off the following year. i Mr. Mitchell was called from here to the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, 111., where hq remained until last year, when he accepted a call to the First Presbyterian Church of Cleveland, Ohio. In June 1861 the church was transferred from the Presbytery of Passaic, and received under the care of the Presbytery of Newark, under the name of " The South Street Church of Morristown." Rev. Albert Erdman, D. D., the fourth and present pastor, was installed in May 1869. During his pastorate, up to September ist 1881, there were added to the church by letter 202, and on profession 244; total 446; making in all 1,260 persons who have been members of the church since its organization. In June 1872, by vote of the church, the plan of the limited term of eldership was adopted, with a session of nine elders arranged in three classes, the full term of ser- vice being three years. The year previous a bench of six deacons was chosen on the basis of the same plan. On Wednesday January loth 1877 the church edifice was totally consumed by fire. The cause was supposed to be a defective chimney, although some thought it the work of an incendiary — an attempt of this sort having been made a few months before. On Sunday January 14th services were held in the public school chapel, when an appropriate sermon was preached by the pastor. The First church offered the use of its chapel for the Wednes- day evening meeting, which offer was accepted. At the completion of Lyceum Hall, May ist 1877, the church moved into it, and continued to hold its services there until the dedication of its new edifice. Stecs were immediately taken to build. The building committee consisted of J. W. Roberts, William L. King, Hampton O. Marsh, George H. Danforth, Dr. P. C. Barker, E. A. Graves and Matthew Mitchell. The com- mittee adopted the plans of J. C. Cady, of New York, and commenced work on the 21st of June, when ground was broken. The total cost of the building was $45,600,. towar4 which the trustees received $23,000 insurance On the old building. The balance was raised by subscription in the congregation. The result is a building unsurpassed in beauty by any church edifice in the State. Being built at a time when materials and labor were at the lov/est point, it could scarcely be duplicated at the present time for $100,000. The style of the building may be described as late Byzantine. The auditorium will seat about 1,000 per- sons, and is without galleries. In the rear are the Sun- day-school rooms and pastor's study. The church was dedicated July 12th 1878, the sermon being preached in the afternoon of that day by Rev. Dr. Hoge, of Rich- mond, Va., from Psalm xxvi. 8. In the evening of the same day congratulatory addres- ses were made by the pastor, Rev. R. S. Green, Rev. Robert Aikman, D. D., Rev. I. W. Cochran, Rev. Theo- dore F. White, D. D., Rev. Thomas Carter and J. C. Cady. The following persons have served the-church as ruling elders: Jabez Mills, John W. Poineer, William B. John- son, Absalom Woodruff, M. D., Amos Prudden, Ezra J. Cooper, Amzi Cary, Edwin Graves, Isaac R. Noyes, Ed- ward J. Danforth, Heman Mead, J. W. Roberts, Charles G. Hazeltine, M. C. G. Witte. The present officers are: Pastor — Rev. Albert Erdman, D. D.; ruling elders, Matthew Mitchell, John C. Hines, P. H. Hoffman, F. G. Burnham, E. A. Graves, W. L. R. Haven, S. L. Young, Joseph F, Randolph; deacons — Wm. S. Babbitt, Theodore Ayres, F. W. Owen, Chas. W. Ford, F. H. Fairchild, A. G. Hazletine; trustees— E. A. Graves, president; P. C. Barker, M. D., George H. Dan- forth, P. H. Hoffman, Wm. L. King, H. O. Marsh, and J. W. Roberts; Sunday-school superintendent, Joseph F. Randolph; sexton, James Paul. The present membership of the church is 543; of the Sunday-school, 400; congregational expenses for year, $6,900; benevolent contributions, $7,121. A. M. E. CHURCH. t The colored people have a church of their own. They first organized in December 1843, and built a small church on Spring street, in which they worshiped uiitil 1874, when the present place of worship was built. It is a neat frame building, with a basement, which is occupied by the colored school. There are 51 communicant members. Rev. A. H. Newton is the present pastor; George Yates is superintendent of the Sunday-school. CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION. The first Catholic church in Morristown was built in 1847; it was a small wooden building capable of seating about 300 people, and is now used by the parish school. At that time there was but one Catholic church in the the county — at Madison — to which people used to go, on foot, from distances as great as 20 miles. The congre- gation was at first too poor to support a pastor, and was supplied from Madison for several years. A priest was finally stationed here, but had charge of churches which 20 144 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. had been established at Mendham and Basking Ridge also; this continued until 1871, when the congregation here had grown so large as to require all the time of the priest, and the other places were accordingly dropped from this charge. The increase in the congregation made a new and larger church necessary, and the present edifice was erected in 1772. It is of the best red brick, 122 feet long by 52 wide. In front the appearance is very handsome, the roof rising to a sharp point, sur- mounted by a fine stone cross. There is a tower on the left hand, or Madison street corner, which reaches an elevation of 125 feet, capped by a spire. This tower is 14 feet square at the base, and, like the building, is of brick with stone facings. The church proper has two side wings; the outer edges of the roof of which are twenty feet from the ground, while the inner edges are six feet from the lower sides of the roof of the main building. The roof is covered with slate in ornamental colored bands. The windows are of stained glass. Inside the church is finished in yellow pine oiled; handsome carved drop pillars support the roof. The main altar is in the center; on the right is one dedicated to St. Joseph, and on the left one to the Virgin Mary. Over the entrance is an organ and choir gallery. The pews of the church will seat nearly a thou- sand persons. The cost of the building was about $40,000. The congregation numbers one thousand. There is a parish school, with three departments, supported by the church. Father James Sheeran was priest from 187 1 until his death, April 3d 1881. He was succeeded in June of the same year by Father Joseph M. Flynn. CHURCH OF THE REDEEMER. The idea of forming a second Episcopal congregation in Morristown took shape in the year 1852. The origi- nators of the movement were Lieut. C. P. R. Rodgers, U. S. A.; Alfred Vail, Samuel P. Hull, E. T. Lyon, John Hone, W. A. Duer and Henry S. Hoyt. These, together with others not mentioned, met on the 17th of June to take the initiatory steps toward the formal organization of a parish, to be known under the name of The Church of the Redeemer. The vestry chosen on this occasion consisted of W. A. Duer and Alfred Vail, wardens; and Samuel P. Hull, Edward T. Lyon, Henry S. Hoyt, John Hone and C. P. R. Rodgers, vestrymen. Subsequently Dr. John. P. Schermerhorn was elected a member of this body. Meanwhile the necessary measures were adopted which resulted in securing the incorporation of the new parish in accordance with the requirements of the canons of the discese and the laws of the State. August 7th the Morristown Academy was secured for the purpose, and regular services begun, a lay-reader serving in the absence of any ordained minister. Some four weeks later the Rev. James H. Tyng, a presbyter of New Jersey, but re- siding in the city of New York, was requested to officiate. He accepted the invitation, and on the first Sunday in September preached and administered the holy com- munion. The next Saturday, at a meeting of the vestry, he was unanimously elected rector, and immediately as- sumed the duties of that position. At this time the trustees of the First Presbyterian Church came forward with the kindly offer of their session room as a temporary place of worship for the new organization. The hospi- tality thus considerately extended was gratefully received. In accordance with it the congregation removed from the academy to the above building, and continued to worship there so long as the necessities of their case required. Immediate effort, however, was begun to secure a more permanent home. During the winter plans were obtained, and a lot for a church edifice. The site se- lected was the one now occupied by the Church of the Redeemer, but the building itself has since then under- gone some alteration, an organ chamber being added to the west transept in 1879 and again in the present year, 1881. Early in the spring of 1853 the actual work of erecting the structure determined upon was undertaken. By September 4th sufficient progress had been made to warrant occupation. Accordingly on this Sunday the first service was held in the almost-completed church. Somewhere about this date, it would seem, Mrs. Peter Stuyvesant presented to the parish a communion service. It is still in the church's possession though not now in use. Prayer books etc. for the chancel were donated by Mrs. August Belmont. The organ and other furniture were the gift of several ladies of the congregation. The edifice itself was completed in 1854, and on the 14th of October was visited for the first time by Bishop Doane and consecrated. The rectory which now stands in the rear of the church was placed upon the property so late as 187 1, during the incumbency of the Rev. W. G. Sumner, now professor of political economy at Yale College. We append a list of the successive rectors of the par- ish, prefixing to each name the date when the call was extended: September 1852, Rev. J. H. Tyng; September 1858, Rev. S. F. Cornell; November 1861, Rev. J. Bolton; December 1863, Rev. John G. Ames; April 1866, Rev. T. G. Clemson; October 1868, Rev. Charles C. Fiske; Septem- ber 1876, Rev. W. G. Sumner; February 1873, Rev. Samuel Hall; July 1880, Rev. George H. Chad well. The parish now numbers 53 families and 114 com- municants. The present officers are: Rev. George H. Chadwell, rector; John Hone, senior warden; John E. Taylor, junior warden; vestrymen— George W. Colles, C. A. Edwards, J. J. Derry, J. Smith Dodge, Charles e! King, E. C. Lord, V. B. King, S. H. Little, James Maury; treasurer, John E. Taylor; clerk, George W. Colles; organist, C. A. Muir; sexton, Theodore Egbert; Sunday-school superintendent, J. E. Taylor; librarians, James Maury, Lemuel E. Miller. Officers of the Woman's Parochial Aid and Missionary Society: President, Miss Benson; vice president, Mrs. Chadwell; secretary, Miss J. E. Dodge; treasurer Mrs S. H. Little. MORRIS PLAINS PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. People upon " the Plains " attended until recently CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. OF MORRISTOWN. 145 upon the services of the churches in town. A Sunday- school was early organized here, and taught almost ex- clusively by women. A few years ago Rev. Dr. Oliver Crane began to preach gratuitously to the people with good results. May loth 1874 a Presbyterian church was organized, and the Rev. R. S. Feagles was invited to labor in it as a stated supply. He remained with it nearly a year. He was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Gardner, who remained from May 1875 to June 1876. Qn the ist of October 1876 Rev. James W. Hillman was or- dained and installed as pastor of the church. Mr. Hill- man resigned his pastorate in the fall of 1878. Rev. R. S. Feagles was invited to take charge of the church for the second time,and began his labors December ist 1878. He resigned in August 1881, and the church is at present without a pastor. It has but two elders, Nehe- miah H. Johnson, and Colman. A neat and commodious edifice has been, built free of debt. It was dedicated Dec. 21st 1877. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was organized May i8th 1880, with 33 members, 21 with letters from the Methodist Episcopal church and 12 on profession of faith. The church was dependent upon supplies until the ist of May 1 88 1, when a call, which was accepted, was issued to Rev. C. H. H. Pannell of Brooklyn, N. Y. The clerk is S.F.Beach. The superintendent of the Sun- day-school is D. L. Pierson. The present membership of the church is 38, that of the Sunday-school 75. The church meets in a hall on Market street. CEMETERIES. Previous to 1855 the Presbyterians interred their dead in the graveyard in the rear of the First church, the Baptists theirs in the rear of their church, the Episco- palians in the graveyard of St. Peter's church, and the Methodists in a graveyard on the Basking Ridge road. A list of burials in the two yards first named was kept between the years 1768 and 1806, and published in a quaint old book called the " Bill of Mortality," of which the following is the title page: BILL OF MORTALITY. Being a Register of all the Deaths which have occurred iu the Presbyterian and Baptist congregations of Morris- Town, New-Jersey, for Thirty-Eight Years past.— Con- taining (with but few exceptions) the cause of every de- cease.— This register, for the first twenty-two years, was kept by the Rev. Doctor Johnes, since which time by William Cherry, the present Sexton of the Presbyterian Church at Morris-Town.—" Time brushes off our hves with sweeping wings."— Hervey. Morris-Town, Printed by Jacob Mann, 1806. Note.— Those marked thus*were Church Members— thusfBaptists— thus*t Baptist Church Members. A supplement was afterward added bringing the list down to 181 2. After the formation of the Evergreen Cemetery Asso- ciation burials in the Baptist and Methodist yards were discontinued. The other two are still used. The " Bill of Mortality " contains a mournful list of 1,675 burials between the years 1768 and 1806. The Catholics have until recently buried their dead in a graveyard near their church, but in the fall of 1875 they secured fifteen acres of land on the Whippany road, a mile and a half from town, and had it dedicated as a cem- etery. FIRST CHURCH YARD. The oldest of our cemeteries is that in the rear of the First Presbyterian Church. The pastor of that church has an incomplete list of over 4,000 burials in it. Large numbers of soldiers were buried in it during the Revo- lutionary war, of whom he has no knowledge. Large trenches were dug, and the dead laid in them in rows. Old military buttons have been dug up in quantities. The same is true of the Baptist yard. The oldest stone in the cemetery has the following inscription: "Her Lyes ye Body of Martha Wife of Abraham Parson Aged About 23 Years Deed Janry 2d 1731." Other epitaphs worthy of preservation abound, of which we note a few: — "SACRED To the memory of JOHN DOUGHTY, Captain of Artillery in the American Revolutionary Army. He died September i6th 1826, Aged 75 years." " IN Memory of PETER DICKERSON, Member of the first Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1775, afterwards captain of the 2nd company 3d Regiment of the Jersey Brigade of the Revolutionary Army of 1776. He was born at Southold, on Long Island, in the year 1724; removed to Morris County, New Jersey, with his three brothers — Thomas, Joshua and Daniel — and one sister, Elizabeth, about the year 1745; and died on the loth day of May 1780, in the'seth year of his age." " Sacred to the memory of Colonel Jacob Ford Jun., son of Colonel Jacob Ford Sen. He was born 19 Feb- ruary anno Domini 1738, and departed this life 10 Janu- ary A. D. 1777; and, being then in the service of his country, was interred with military honors." " This tomb is dedicated to the memory of our beloved brother Richard Brinkerhoff Faesch. He was second son of John Jacob and EHzabeth Faesch; was born igth of July 1778, and departed this life 25th of October 1820." " Ici reposent les restes d' Elizabeth Madelaine Siette de la Rousseliere, epouse de Louis Paubelj nee a St. Benoit, Isle de Bourbon, le 6me Aout 1763, et decedee a Bottle Hill, Nouveau Jersey, le i2me Mars 1818. Sa grande piete et sa resignation a la volonte de Dieu font la consolation de son mari et de ses en/ants, qui ne cesseront de la pleurer." As usual in such'places, the poetrie muse was by no means neglected. On one stone appears the following pathetic exhortation: " Come see ye place where I do I7 As you are now so once was I As I be now soon you will be Prepare for death and follow me." 1 40 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Here is another: " O my dear wife, do think of me Although we'm from each other parted, O do prepare to follow me Where we shall love forever. Farewell, my children and my love, Till we do meet again above; But when in this yard my grave you see O, my dear friends, do think of me. My time was short, no warning given, And I hope to meet you all in Heaven." THE EVERGREEN CEMETERY ASSOCIATION was organized in May 1855, under the "act authorizing the incorporation of rural cemetery associations." Hon. George T. Cobb presented the association twenty acres of land about a mile north of Morristown on the Horse Hill road, now called Water street. Twenty-five acres more have since been added. The spot was happily chosen; the scenery presented to view from Landscape, Fountain and other avenues is highly picturesque, em- bracing a large portion of Morristown, the position of the churches, the court-house, the stately headquarters and many beautiful private residences. The Whippany river flows in the windings near the base of the grounds. Mount Washington or Ihe Kimball Mountain, with its historic interest, and varied undulations, can be seen as far as New Vernon. The Loantica hills, the Orange, Shongum and Watnong mountains in the distance fill up the background, and present to the visitor a scene of landscapes varied in interest and of extraordinary beauty. The natural beauties of the spot are enhanced by the good judgment used in artificial embellishments. There are many handsome monuments, among them that of Morristown's benefactor George T; Cobb. The cemetery is controlled by nine trustees, three of whom are chosen annually by the lot-owners. The pres- ent officers are as follows : President, E. B. Woodruff, M. D.; vice-president, Theodore Ayers; treasurer, By- ram C.Guerin; secretary, John B. Ayers; superintendent, Samuel Muddell. The number of interments to July i6th 1881 was 1,923. HOTELS. The first knowledge which we have of hotels in the town is derived from the records of the court. In 1738, at the May court of Hunterdon county, which then em- braced all the territory from Trenton (where the court- house was) to Port Jervis, we find that the petitions of Jacob Ford and Abraham Hathaway to renew their licenses to keep public houses in " New Hanover " for the ensuing year were granted, showing that the place was large enough at that time for two hotels, however it might be for one church. We have already spoken of two taverns which came into prominence during the war of the Revolution. One of these was owned and kept by Colonel Jacob Arnold, who, as commander of a squadron of light horse during the war, did efficient service. This hotel was the head- quarters of General Washington during the time of his first encampment here, in the winter of 1777, The, other caterer to the wants of the public was George O'Hara, at whose tavern were held the famous " assembly balls," already described, of the army during Washing- ton's second encampment here, in the winter of 1779-80. Nothing further under this head needs special mention until about the middle of the present century. By this time Morristown had become widely celebrated for its healthfulness, and had begun to be a favorite resort for invalids. The numbers became so great and the accom- modations so inadequate that the late William Gibbons, then of Madison, was solicited by gentlemen in New York to erect a suitable public boarding-house and hotel with modern improvements. After mature deliberation Mr. Gibbons acceded to the proposition, and during the years 1842 and 1843 he erected a splendid large brick and brown stone hotel on the south side of the public square, and called it the " Morris County House," after- ward changed to the " New Jersey Hotel,'' which was destroyed by fire in 1845. This was a magnificent struct- ure, and an ornament to the town, covering an area about equal to A. T. Stewart's up-town store in New York. It, together with the stables, etc. (all of which were built of brick, in the most substantial manner), cost its owner about $200,000, on which there was no insurance, and all of which was a total loss, except the stables. When this building burned the loss to Morristown was several times greater than to Mr. Gibbons. It was over twenty years before possession could be had of the ground to rebuild upon. At the time of the fire there were a large number of guests in the house, all of whom were saved but one (a Mr. Bailey), who was burned to death. On the 8th of December 1881 a similar fire oc- curred, of which one of the New York papers of the 9th gave substantially the following account: The only fire that has been attended with loss of life in forty years at Morristown, N. J., occurred yesterday morning. A large frame building in South street, near Elm, belonging to the Wood estate, rented for the past ten years by the Misses Hunter, and kept by them as a boarding-house, was totally destroyed, and two of the in- mates were burned to death. The alarm was given at 6 o'clock by several of the servants, who had been to early mass and, on returning, found the flames under full headway. The rest of the large family were still in their beds, unconscious of danger. Lizzie Ketch, one of the servants, ran from room to room, as far as she could, alarming the inmates, many of whom were saved through . her exertions. The brave girl sacrificed her own life in this thoughtfulness for others. She was lost in the con- fusion. It is supposed that she was blinded by the smoke and flame and suffocated on her way out. The other victim was Mrs. Walsh, 40 years of age, the widow of a captain in the United States navy, and daughter of George Wood, of Fifth avenue in this city. Her escape was cut off by the fire, and while hesitating to jump from a win- dow she is supposed to have fainted and been overtaken by the flames. A partial list of present hotels and boarding-houses is appended: Mansion House; United States Hotel, Park place, A. E. Voorhees; Park House, Park place, S. W. Luse; Far- mers' Hotel, Market street, George Hedden; City Hotel, MORRISTOWN HOTfitS— fiARLY FIRE COMPANIES. '147 Sweedwell avenue, John H. Halsted; Avenue House, Mendham avenue, Mrs. Nellie Duncan; Duncan House, Morris street, Mrs. J. C. Lindsley; Losey House, Mt. Kemble avenue, Mrs. Ogden; there are a number of others. During the summer months Morristown has in its various hotels, boarding-houses and private residen- ces ubout 1,500 transient residents. The Mansion House, Morristown. The Mansion House, situated on Washington street near the court-house, is probably one of the oldest hotel properties in the county. B. C. Guerin bought it in 1864, built new stables, sheds and carriage houses, and rebuilt and refitted the old house. He kept it until 1878. Then, in response to a desire of the citizens for a better hotel, Mr. Guerin undertook the construction of the present Mansion House. It accommodates from 80 to 100 guests. It is of pressed brick, with hard wood floors, heated with steam, lighted with gas, and has electric bells connected with each room, a bath room on each floor and all other modern improvements. Mr. Guerin opened the old house December nth 1864, and the new one December nth 1878. He has always kept a large livery stable in connection with the house. This property was considerably run down when he bought it. Since then it has done a large business. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first fire association of Morristown was organized July 26th 1797. Its officers were: Samuel Tuthill, mod- erator ; Joseph Lewis, clerk; Alexander Carmichael, Caleb Russell, Colonel Benoni Hathaway, Moses Estey, Captain David Ford, and Dr. William Campfield, execu- tive committee. How efficient this association proved and how long it continued we are unable to state. The next trace we find of a fire company is in the Palladium of Liberty, August i6th 1815, in the following notice: "The Morris Fire Company will please recollect that their annual meeting is the first Monday in Septem- ber; they will please to meet at N. Bull's [tavern] in the afternoon at 6 o'clock. It is hoped that there will be a general attendance of the inhabitants of the town, and that the committee appointed to procure ladders, hooks, &c. &c., will be able to make a full report." At this meeting the following officers were elected: President, Israel Canfield; treasurer, Henry P. Russell; secretary. William Beach ; directors, Daniel Phoenix, William Dixon, Charles Carmichael, David Mills, Andrew Meek- er, Benjamin Lindsley, William Campfield, Mahlon Ford, and James Willis. That this was a different company from the one organ- ized in 1797 is apparent from an editorial in the same paper a year or so before, urging upon the citizens the necessity of forming such a company, that the town might have some protection against fires. This second company was short-lived, as appears from an editorial in the Palladium April 17th 1817. After speaking of a fire in town it says, " We hope measures will speedily be taken to reorganize the sometime-since defunct fire company." This kindly advice was heeded. In December of the same year Lewis Mills, Charles Carmichael, and William Dixon, committee, called a meeting for the purpose of organizing and electing officers for the Morristown Fire Association. The after history of this association we have been unable to obtain. Anothercompany was organized in 1836, and purchased a hand engine for $250. A year later a second company was formed, and a second hand engine was bought. This same year (Feb. 27th 1837) an act was passed incorporating the Morristown Fire Association, which immediately took charge of the apparatus of the two companies. This asso- ciation had power to raise, by taxation, a small sum of money annually to meet its expenses. It continued in existence until the present Morristown Fire Department was organized under a provision of the charter. Aug. 7th 1867 the Morristown Fire Department was organized, under an act of the common council. Col. Richard M. Stites, to whose energy the department chiefly owes its existence, was appointed chief engineer. This office he held until Nov. 5th 1875, when he resigned. Chas. McCullum was his successor, but filled the office only until the following June, when Mr. Stites was reap- pointed by the council, at a salary of $300 per annum, the duties of the position being found to be too onerous to be performed without compensation. Mr, Stites again resigned on July 6th 1877, and was succeeded by Wm. Y. Sayre, who filled the office to June 1879. Wm. A. Halsted was chief engineer from June 6th 1879 to June 1880, since which time James A. Bonsall has been chief. The salary of the chief is %\o per month. The first assistant engineers have been Ellis T. Arm- strong, 1867, 1868; Wm. H. Voorhees, 1869-73; Alfred Cranston, 1873-77; James M. Bonsall, 1877-80; Harrie A. Freeman, since June 1880. Second assistant engin- eers: Chas. McCullum, 1873-75; Wm. J. Cooper, 1877-80; Isaac G. Arnold, since June 1880. The department consists of the following organizations: I. Fire Wardens. — This company is limited to twenty men. It has no apparatus, but is appointed for the pur- pose of securing compliance with the fire ordinances and regulations of the council, inspecting or prohibiting the storage of combustible materials, protecting the appar- atus of the department when in use, and acting as police at times of fires. Organized August 13th 1867. The present number of members is 19. William Y. Sayre was 148 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. foreman from 1867 to 1876; James W. Carrell, 1877-79; James Dixon, 1880; William Lewis, 1881. 2. Itidependent Hose Company was organized August 13th 1867. It is entitled to and has 30 members. The successive foremen have been George H. Doren, Mahlon Bayles, George W. Derrickson, Charles H. McCullum, Charles H. Green, Hayward G. Emmell, James M. Bon- sall, J. Frank Lindsley, James R. Voorhees, Eugene Carrell, George H. Quayle and Frederick E. Babbitt. The present officers are: Frederick E. Babbitt, foreman; J. Brad. Stevens, assistant; Frank Mulford, secretary and treasurer; Eugene Carrell, steward. The hose- house is on Market street. 3. Washington Engine Company, No. 2, was reorganized May ist 1872. The foremen since the reorganization have been: John W. Hays, 1872, 1873; William J. Snud- den, 1873-75; John M. Moore, 1875-77; William J. Snudden, 1877, 1878; Theodore S. Mulford, 1878-80; Charles H. Green, since August loth 1880. The present officers are: Foreman, Charles H. Green; assistant fore- man, John Romaine; secretary, A. K. Field; treasurer, Amos Prudden; steward, Frank Chilar; engineer, D. L. Allen; assistant engineer, William J. Snudden. The number of men is 38. The steamer for this company was bought October 14th 1879, and is worth $3,000. The engine-house is on Market street. 4. Niagara Engine Company, No. 2, was organized August loth 1869. The following foremen have served: George W. Crocker, 1869, 1870; Sidney W. Stalter, 1870- 79; Thomas F. CHfford, 1879, 1880; James C. Mullen, 1880,1881. The present officers are: Foreman, Thomas F. Clifford; assistant foreman, E. V. Dempsey; secretary, Thomas Welsh; treasurer, John W. Hess; janitor, Wil- liam McCombs; engineer, William C. Paul; assistant engineer, William T. Meeker. The present number of men is 39; the full number is 60. The cost of the engine was $3,750. The engine-house is on Speedwell avenue. 5. Resolute Hook and Ladder Company, No. i, was or- ganized June 14th 1869. It is entitled to 60 and has at present 41 members. The foremen have been: William A. Halsted, 1869-76; E. D. Allen; WilHam Becker jr., 1877, 1878; H. A. Freeman, 1879; E. J. Thatcher, 1880. The officers in 1881 were: Foreman, E. J. Thatcher; assistant foreman, F. B. De Bois; clerk, WilHam K. Norris; treas- urer, William A. Halsted; steward, Edward Babbington; committee of inquiry — William K. Norris, J. E. Stiles and George Udall. From 1876 to his death, April 20th 1881, Augustus W. Bell was president of the company. That office is now filled by H. A. Freeman. The cost of apparatus is about $1,200. The truck- house is on Speedwell avenue. ''The Exempt Firemen's Association of Morristown " was incorporated February 2Sth 1875. The incorporators were William Y. Sayre, Isaac G. Arnold, Richard M. Stites, Charles McCullum, William H. Voorhees, Sidney W. Stalter, Samuel K. Smack, Isaac Van Fleet, Charles H. Green, Hayward G. Emmell, Mancius H. C. Jennings and Louis H. Atno. " The object of this association shall be to provide means for the relief of distressed, sick or disabled mem- bers thereof and their immediate families; and in case of fire to render such assistance as the officers of the asso- ciation may deem proper to direct, by the advice and consent of the constituted authorities of this town." Mr. Stites has been the only president. The following is the present board of officers: President, Richard M. Stites ; vice-president, Charles McCullum ; secretary, Charles H. Green ; trustees— B. C. Guerin, John Thatcher and Eugene Troxell; standing committee — E. D. Allen, John M. Moore and James Dickson. The number of members is 80. Fire Department Charitable Fund. — On the 9th of March 1869 there was passed " an act to incorporate the trustees of the Morristown Fire Department Charitable Fund for the relief of indigent and disabled firemen and their families." The fund began with $75, and has now reached the sum of $1,500. The following have served as presidents of these trustees: Richard M. Stites (1869- 78), Isaac G. Arnold and John M. Moore. The follow- ing are the. present officers: President, William Y. Sayre; secretary, John M. Moore; treasurer, William R. McKay; trustees — William Y. Sayre, John M. Moore, John D. Guerin and Luther M. Baird. The present department is excellent and efficient. Many of the best citizens are members of it, and their constant aim is to maintain a high standard of morality and efficiency. SCHOOLS. That the advantages of higher education were appreci- ated by our early townsmen may be inferred from a record in the old session book of the first Presbyterian church, which shows that in 1769, the trustees of the College of New Jersey (Princeton) having represented to the presbyteries that the interest of their capital was in- adequate to the annual necessary expenses of the college, the following subscriptions were made by the church named: Rev. Timothy Johnes, ;^9; Jacob Ford, ;^2i; Deacon Matthias Burnet, £^^; Captain Timothy Mills, ^6; Elder Daniel Lindsley, jQi; Abraham Ogden, j[^y. Elder John Lindsley, J[^y, Joseph Wood, ^d; Henry Gardiner, i6s.; Nathan Reeve, j[^i; John Ayres, £^<); Thomas Kenney, ^y, William De Hart, ^i; Thomas Morrell, ^^4 los.; Jonas Phillips, _;^4 los.; Isaac Pierson, jT^y, Jonathan Cheever, ^\; Peter Condict, Peter Prud- den, Moses Prudden and Joseph Prudden, £,2. iis. each; Benjamin Pierson, jC^^; Samuel Tuthill, jT^y, Silas Con- <^'ct, ;^3; Ezra Halsey, elder, £,\i.; Samuel Robarts, £^y, Augustine Bayles, ^^3; Mrs. Phebe Wood, ^^3; Jonathan Stiles, £^\ 15s.; Captain Benjamin Halsey, los.; total, i^i4o 5s. In 1787 further subscriptions were made for Princeton, of which the principal were the following: Caleb Russell, $22; Joseph Lewis, $11; Silas Condict, $42; Jonathan Dickerson, $16; John Mills, $9. The first authentic information which we can find con- MORRISTOWN'S FIRST SCHOOLS— MORRIS ACADEMY. 149 earning our local schools is in the trustees' book of the first Presbyterian Church, in the following minutes: "January 12 1767, the trustees being called and met at the School hous henry Primrose Joseph Stiles and Ben- jamin Coe absent Proseaded and chose Benjaman Bayle President and Gave Lieve than a school hous might be Built on the Green Near whair the old hous Now Stand- eth." " Octob 7 1 77 1 the trustees met at Doct tuthills Esq. Sam Robarts absent and agreed that the money that Mr. Watt Left to the town Should be Laid out towards Purt- chasing utensils for the communian Table also that the school hous how on Peter Hackees Land be Removed onto the Parsonage Land and there to Remain During the Pleasure of the trustees and then Lyable to be Re- moved." Who the teachers were we have no means of ascertain- ing. On the roll of members of the above named church appear the names of Mrs. Dow and Doritheah Coop- er, " school madams, "-who were received into the church, we judge in 1774, from some sister church. As a sample of what these early schools were we sub- join a description of a common school about three miles from Morristown, as given by Mahlon Johnson, who lived to the goodly age of four score years and two and died December 20th 1857: " The school building was constructed of logs, and in- stead of glass for windows sheep skins were stretched over apertures made by sawing off an occasional log. These windows had one virtue — they were an effectual screen to prevent pupils from being interrupted in their exercises by what was going on outside. The time was regulated by an hour-glass, and they drank their water from a tumbler made of cow's horn or ground shell. Arithmetic was not taught in classes, but the pupils ciphered when they were not reading, spelling or writing. The latter branches were taught in classes. A chalk line or a crack in the floor was the mark they were re- quired to toe. The common school was hardly consid- ered a school in those days unless the whack of the ruler or the whistle of the whip was frequently heard." THE MORRIS ACADEMY was organized November 28th 1791. This was done by 24 gentlemen, who subscribed each one share of £2<^ for the purpose. The subscribers were Caleb Russell, Israel Canfield, Daniel Phoenix jr., Alexander Car- michael, Gabriel H. Ford, Timothy Johnes jr., Moses Estey, Jabez Campfield, William Campfield, Aaron C. Collins, Jonathan Hathaway, John Jacob Faesch, Richard Johnson, John Kinney, Abraham Kinney, Isaac Canfield, George Tucker, David Ford, Nathan Ford, Theodorus Tuthill, John Mills, Joseph Lewis, Jacob Arnold, Chilion Ford. The first board of proprietors consisted of Jabez Campfield, president; Caleb Russell, first director; Gabriel H. Ford, second director ; Nathan Ford, third director; Daniel Phoenix jr., treasurer; and Joseph Lewis, clerk. Mr. Campfield resigned at the expiration of one month, and was succeeded by Mr. Russell. The contract for building the academy was let to Caleb Russell for ;^S20. The lot was purchased from the First Presbyterian Church, as appears from the trustees' book: " At a meeting of the trustees at the house of Caleb Russell, Esq., 5th day of September 1792, the president, Mr. Lindsley, Mr. Ford, Mr. Mills, Mr. Johnson and Mr. Ogden being met, a deed being made out for one hun- dred feet of land in front and one hundred and thirty feet deep on the hill opposite the Conners land, agree- able to a vote of the parish requesting the trustees to act discretionary on this affair, the 22nd Feb. 1792 — the said deed was then signed, conveying twenty-nine hun- dredths of an acre of land to the proprietors of the intended academy for the sum of thirty pounds Jersey money. Caleb Russell, Esq., gave his obligation for said sum." After the building was completed Caleb Russell, although he was clerk of the county and had a variety of other business to attend to, consented to take charge of the academy as principal. On the 5th of November 1792 the school opened, with 33 scholars, as follows: Elias Riggs, Stephen Thompson, Anthony Day, Henry P. Russell, Henry Axtell, David Bates, Munson Day, Charles Russell, Ezra Halsey, Richard B. Faesch, Jacob Stiles, Jacob Lewis, Timothy J. Lewis, James Wood, Nancy Lewis, Betsey Estey, David Estey, Phcebe, daughter of Jeduthan Day, Sally Conklin, Hannah Hathaway, Eleazur Hathaway, George W. Cook, Thomas Kinney, Henry Mills, David Stites, William Beach, John B. Johnes, Alexander Phoenix, Silas Day, Robert M. Russell, Eliza P. Russell, Charles Freeman, Chilion Stiles. Mr. Russell continued in full charge of the school until the close of 1795, and in partial charge until Aug- ust 1797. He graduated in 1770 at Princeton College, and studied law with Judge Robert Morris, of New Brunswick. He was appointed clerk of Morris county four terms of five years each. He died in office June 8th 1805, aged 56 years. Under him the academy took a very high rank, attracting scholars from New York, Philadelphia, Trenton, New Brunswick, Amboy, Charles- ton, S. C, and many other places. From November 5th 1792 to April 1795 ^^ ^'^^ ^ total of 269 scholars. In the eighth volume of the Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society the names of these students, together with those of their parents, are given in full. Among them will be found many who afterward distinguished themselves in Church and State. Mr. Russell was assisted by Elias Riggs, Henry Ax- tell, and John Ball, who were among his first pupils, and also by John Woodruff. The prices of tuition were: For languages, mathemat- ics and surveying, 2Ss. per quarter; for French, 3os.@4os. per quarter; for English studies, 12s., iss.@i6s. per quarter. Mr. Russell was succeeded in August 1797 by Rev. Samuel Whelpley, who continued in charge until 1805 He was a New England man, and until coming here was a Baptist. Here he relinquished his intention of becom- ing a Baptist minister, and united with the Presbyterian church. In 1802 or 1803 he delivered a discourse in the First church, in which he gave the reasons for his change of views. He was quite widely known as a writer. In 1806 he published " An Historical Compend," in two '5° HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. volumes, which were printed by Henry P. Russell of this place. He removed from here to New York city about 1810 or i8ii, and shortly afterward published a volume called the " Triangle," a theological work in which the leaders and views of what was afterward known as the Old School theology were keenly criticised and ridiculed. The book caused a great sensation in its day, and did not a little toward hastening the division in the Presby- terian church into Old and New School. Mr. Whelpley was too strict a disciplinarian to give entire satisfaction to all the patrons of his school. Op- position to him became so marked that in 1800 and 1801 a new institution was organized, called the Warren Academy, and opened under the charge of James Steven- son, who was succeeded in the principalship by John Ford. The building, which stood in the northeast part of the town, was accidentally burned March 6th 1803. It was rebuilt with brick on the Morris Green, on a lot purchased from the trustees of the First church, where now stands the Park House. It continued, however, but ;i few years, and the property was sold. After the resignation of Mr. Whelpley, in 1805, he opened a private select school in his own house, which was well patronized, principally by familiesfrom New York and the south. Among his students were two of his sons, who afterward became ministers; one of them, Philip Melancthon, becoming the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of New York city. Mr. Whelpley died in New York city, July 15th 1817. From 1793 to 1820, with the exception of three or four years, an annual theatrical exhibition was given by the scholars of the academy. The popularity of these exhi- bitions may be judged from the fact that the average yearly income from them was about $210, which sufficed to keep the building in excellent repair, and purchase many needed articles, among other things a bell in 1798, from John Jacob Faesch's Boonton iron works The following advertisements, copied from the Palla- dium of Liberty, 1809, will serve as a specimen of these popular theatricals: " Dramatic Exhibition. — On Thursday and Monday evenings, the 5th and 9th of October next, will be repre- sented by the students of Morris Academy Cumberland's Celebrated Comedy of The West Indian; to which will be added High Life Below Stairs, an excellent farce. Doors will be open at half-past five. Admittance 25 cents." " Exhibition. — On Monday, the third day of April, the students of the Warren Academy will present Kotze- bue's Much-Admired Comedy The Wild Goose Chase. To gratify the wishes of a respectable body of people, instead of a Farce, on this occasion, a few select iieces will be spoken before and after the Comedy; and on Friday, the 7th, the Wild Goose Chase repeated, to which will be added The Weather-Cock." The expenses of these entertainments were not great, as we may see from the following: " Morristown, N. J., Sept. 8, 1795. " Proprietors of Morris Academy, DR. £ s. " To 6 lb. candles at is. lod., o 11 " I gal. wein, o 10 Paid door keepers, i 12 " Who drank the " wein " we are not informed, but suppose it was the door keepers, as it was customary in those days thus to stimulate these dignitaries to the faith- ful discharge of their official. duties. Space forbids dwelling at length upon the administra- tion of the successors of Mr. Whelpley. The academy continued for more than sixty years to be the great insti- tution of the town, attracting large numbers of scholars from near and far, and exerting an influence which has given this town a high reputation for intelligence. Previous to the opening of the public school in Decem- ber 1869 J. Henry Johnson, then principal, had over 100 pupils. The academy was then for a time closed, and the building unused. The proprietors finally sold the lot to the directors of the library and lyceum for $10,000, taking stock to that amount in the new enterprise, on condition that rooms be reserved in the new building for a classical school for boys. The school was reopened in September 1878, under the principalship of Wayland Spaulding, a graduate of Yale College. Mr. Spaulding severed his connection with the academy in June 1881, after which the directors secured the services of An- drew J. West, a graduate of Princeton College, who assumed charge in September 1881. The successive presidents of the proprietors of the academy have taken the office as follows: Jabez Camp- field, January nth 1792; Caleb Russell, 1792; Alexan- der Carmichael, 1793; Jabez Campfield, 1800; John Doughty, 1805; Gabriel H. Ford, 1815; Rev. Wm. A. McDowell, 1816; Sylvester D. Russell, 1823; Rev. Albert Barnes, 1826; Rev. Chas. Hoover, 1832; Lewis Condict, 1834; Rev. H. A. Dumont, 1839; Lewis Mills, 1841; Henry A. Ford, 1854; Rev. R. N. Merritt, 1865. Since the transfer of the property to the directors of the library and lyceum the school has been under the care of a committee of that body, consisting of A. B. Hall, H. C. Pitney and Alfred Mills. We wish we might be as explicit with reference to the principals of this institution. The minutes of the pro- prietors are singularly lacking in information concerning the teachers employed in the school. The appended list of principals is, we fear, inaccurate. The minutes being deficient we have sought the files of newspapers, but in vain. The memories of the "oldest inhabitants " conflict so essentially that we cannot rely upon them; only where we have been sure of dates have we incorporated them. Caleb Russell, 1792-97; Samuel Whelpley, 1797-1805; Daniel Mulford; Henry Mills; Wm. A. Whelpley, 181 1; Ira C. Whitehead; James'D. Johnson, resigned in 1821; Rev. Asa. Lyman, engaged in 1821; Rev. Alfred Chester; D. A. La Rue; James L. Baker; Mr. Blauvelt, resigned in 1852; John Paul, engaged in 1852; Mr. Harrison; E. A. MORRISTOWN SCHOOLS. 151 Allen, resigned in 1855; Herman Mead, 1855; J. Henry Johnson, 1861 to 1870; (interregnum;) Wayland Spauld- ing, 1878-81; Andrew J. West, the present principal. THE PUBLIC SCHOOL on Maple avenue was opened in December 1869. The school is principally due to the generosity of the late George T. Cobb, to whose large-hearted liberality Mor- ristown owes so much. He gave the lot on which the building stands, and in addition f io,occ in money. In the chapel is a beautiful tablet dedicated to his memory. The whole cost of the building was $55,000, and it is an ornament to the town. The control of the school is vested in a board of edu- cation, of nine members, three of whom are chosen yearly, which has power to make rules, expel disobedient scholars, appoint teachers, &c. The present board of education is: John D. Guerin, president; Stephen Pier- son, M. D., treasurer; Hon. Augustus W. Cutler, Hamp- ton O. Marsh, George W. CoUes, Joseph W. Ballentine, Joseph F. Randolph, George W. Forsyth, and L. Dayton Babbitt. The secretary, Edward C. Lyon, is not a mem- ber of the board. The teachers are: W. L. R. Haven, principal; Miss Minnie L. Bottom, vice-principal; Mrs. Ophelia K. Dix, Misses Rebecca W. Thompson, Mary L. Easton, Hattie C. Youngblood, Phebe A. Day, Emma E. Hackett, Mag- gie T. Daly, Kate S. Fennell, Etta M. Briant, Annie F. Shaw, Florence Hawthorne, Clara E. Brown, and Mr. W. L. Brown (colored). Mr. Haven has been principal since the opening of the school. The scholars number about 600. The expenses for the year ending June ist 1881 were 115,326.71. The colored children are taught separately in the base- ment of the A. M. E. church building on Spring street, and are under the control of the board and subject to the same rules as the others. Before the erection of the present public school building there were three small district schools in the town, one at the corner of Speed- well and Sussex avenues, one at the corner of the Green and Water streets, and one on Franklin street. THE PRIVATE SCHOOLS of Morristown have been numerous and of a high grade. Early in the present century Mrs. Phebe Scribner (widow of Captain Nathaniel Scribner, an officer in the Revolutionary army) came here with her daughters Esther, Elizabeth, and Anna, and opened a boarding school for young ladies. They removed in 1814 to New Albany, Ind., and were succeeded by the Misses Gallau- det. Miss R. D. Jenison, and after "her by John M. Bene- dict, then again by Mrs. Stone, and more recently by the Misses Emmell, Miss Woodward, and Miss Longwell. This school was during the summer of 1881 finally closed. A rival school tc Mrs. Scribner's was established by Mr?. Wetmore in the next house, the one now owned by George W. King, on South street. Miss M. L. Mann and her sister, daughters of Jacob Mann, taught for a dozen years or more a very successful school. At the same time with the Misses Mann, in 1822, Miss Phebe Babbitt opened a school on Bridge street (now Speedwell avenue), nearly opposite Mrs. Schenck's. A little later a Lancasterian school was established by William Woolley. Miss H. M. Mills opened a school in 1831. The following advertisements taken from the Palladium of Liberty bear a still earlier date. "Mr. Barthelemy continues to teach the French and Italian languages at the new Warren Academy, in which the trustees have granted him a convenient room for that purpose. — April 21st 1808." Another of about the same date: " Morris-Town French Academy. — Mr. Martin, lately from New York, informs the Ladies and Gentle- men of Morris-Town and its vicinity that he will open his French school on Thursday the 26th inst. [June 1808] from five to eight in the morning for young men, and from nine to twelve for young ladies. A few young gen- tlemen may be received as boarders in the family, where French is generally spoken. Private lessons in the course of" the day. English taught to foreigners." Query — how many young men of to-day would Mr. Martin be able to induce to rise at 5 for the charms of French ? " Evening School.— On Monday the 2nd November next [i8o8] Mr. Dutton will open his evening school in the Warren Academy, for the purpose of teaching read- ing, writing, arithmetic and Italian book-keeping on mod- erate terms, and in the most approved methods." The Morris Female Institute was incorporated in August i860. The original subscription amounted to $16,050, of which $15,600 was collected. The trustees were William C. Baker, George T. Cobb, Theodore Little, E. W. Whelply, John Hare, Theodore T. Wood and Jesse Smith. The lot cost $3,800. The main building (the plan being modified on account of the depression of businesss follow- ing the commencement of the war) was let by contract to Cyrus Pruden, in behalf of himself, Muchmore and Lounsbury and other mechanics, who formed a syndicate, for $11,960. The property had cost, prior to the recent addition, which was substantially a completion of the original plan, $17,700 in round numbers. It was leased to Mr. Charles G. Hazeltine for five years, commencing May ist 1862. He continued to occupy it until it was leased, April ist 1877, to Miss Elizabeth E. Dana, who is its present successful principal. The recent additions cost $ti,ooo. Successful boys' schools have been taught by George P. McCulloch, Rev. Alfred Chester, Rev. Samuel N. Howell and others. The city has at present among others the following schools: Morris Academy, South street; public school, Maple avenue; Morris Female Institute, South street; young ladies' school, Maple avenue, Mrs.^. W. Steven- son preceptress; Miss Bostwick's school for young ladies. Maple avenue; kindergarten, De Hart street, Miss Em- 152 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ma Campbell preceptress; Sisters of St. John the Baptist school (Episcopal), Maple avenue; Roman Catholic school, Maple avenue. EDITORS AND PRINTERS. On the 24th of May 1797 the first number of the first newspaper of Morristown was issued. Caleb Russell was the prime mover in this' enterprise, having purchased a printing press and secured the services of Elijah Cooper, a practical printer, to attend to the details of the busi- ness. The name of the paper was the Morris County Gazette, and it was issued by E. Cooper & Co. Cooper re- mained until November of the same year, when he left, and Mr. Russell continued sole editor. Early in 1798 he invited Jacob Mann, who had learned the printing busi- ness of Sheppard Kollock in Elizabethtown, to come to Morristown and take charge of the paper. The Morris County Gazette was continued until the 15th of May 1798, when the name was changed to the Genius of Liberty. This paper was edited by Jacob Mann until May 14th 1801, when he retired and went to Trenton, where he con- ducted the Trenton True American, in company with Jarnes J. Wilgon. Mr. Russell then gave the entire estab- lishment of the press and newspaper to his son, Henry P. Russell, who continued it for several years. The Genius of Liberty was succeeded by the Morris- town Herald, which was edited and published by Henry P. Russell from 1813 to 1820, when Mr. Russell removed to Savannah, Ga., and the paper was discontinued. In 1808 we find Jacob Mann once more in Morristown, and the editor of a new paper called the Palladium of Liberty, the first number of which was issued March 31st of that year. Mr. Mann continued to edit the Palladium until January 1832, when he was succeeded by N. H. White. Mr. White probably proved a failure, as Mr. Mann in a few months resumed charge of the paper, and toward the close of the year made room for E. Cole and J. R. Eyers. Early in 1833 Cole retired, leaving Eyers sole editor and proprietor. June 4th 1834 Mr. Eyers changed the name of the paper to the Morris County Whig. The Jerseyman made its first appearance October 4th 1826, under the editorship of Samuel P. Hull. He con- tinued in this position until 1852, when he was succeeded by Alansoii A. Vance, who purchased the paper in that year and became its editor. In 1869 Mr. Vance sold a half interest to L. O. Styles, who still continues its pub- lication. The Jerseyman is the leading Republican paper in the county. The office is on Park place. The True Democratic Banner is owned by Mrs. L. C. Vogt, and edited by her two sons, Louis A. and LeClerc. It was established in 1838 by Louis C. Vogt. Mr. Vogt came here about 1836, having learned the printing busi- ness in the office of the Commercial Advertiser of New York. He started a paper in that year, called The Demo- cratic Banner. Some misunderstanding arising with his patrons, he started The True Democratic Banner in the year aboved named. This is the leading Democratic organ in the county. Its office is in the Banner building on Washington street. The Morris Republican was established May 8th 1872, by F. L. Lundy. It was short-lived, continuing only until July 1877, when Mr. Lundy removed from town. It was very ably conducted during its brief existence. The Morris County C^rtf;2zV/(f was begun November 2nd, 1877, under the charge of T. J. O'Donnell. He was suc- ceeded after a few months by D. H. Prime & Co. Joshua Brown, the present editor, took charge of the paper January 21st 1880. The Chronicle is independent in politics. Its office is at the corner of Washington and Court streets. The Record can scarcely be called a newspaper, being devoted entirely to local history. It was begun in January 1880 under the editorship of Rev. R. S. Green, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, and issued monthly. It has printed a list of nearly 1,000 marriages, 2,000 baptisms of children, and 2,000 deaths in the last century, besides a list of members of the First church up to 1800, two historical sermons by the Rev. David Irving, D. D., and many other valuable articles. It has been largely serviceable in the writing of the present history. Before passing from this subject, although not directly belonging to it, two or three facts deserve mention. In the early part of this century Morristown achieved con- siderable distinction for the number of books here printed. Jacob Mann, Henry P. Russell and Peter A. Johnson took the lead in this worthy enterprise. One of these books is a complete Bible, together with the Apocrypha, published by Jacob Mann in 1805. Though not as famous as the " Wicked " and the " Breeches " Bibles, it has nevertheless attained quite a notoriety from a mistake which has secured for it the name of " the Arminian Bible." The mistake occurs in Heb. vi. 4, which in this Bible reads, " For it is possible for those who were once enlightened, * * * jf (j^gy gj^^jj f^jj away, to renew them again unto repentance." Another is " An Historical Compend," in two volumes by Samuel Whelpley, A. M., principal of Morris Academy, printed at Morristown in 1806, by Henry P. Russell. These volumes becam.e deservedly popular iti their day and reached a goodly circulation. At the end of the second volume is appended a list of 233 subscribers to the work, with the places of their residence. Another of these early issues of the local press was " A Syllabus of Lectures on the Visions of the Revelation," by Rev. Amzi Armstrong, A. M., " Minister of the Presby- terian church in Mendham, N. J.," which was published in 1815 by Peter A. Johnson, and printed by Heilry P. Russell. Another fact worthy of mention in this connection has to do with one whose inventive genius and artistic skill may be said to have revolutionized the art of printing. In January 1818 Joseph A. Adams came to this town and entered the printing office of Jacob Mann as an appren- tice. He remained here seven years, during, which time he mastered all the details of the business, and if we may judge from his after history a good deal in addition thereto. He went from here to New York city, where he THE INVENTOR OF ELECTROTYPY— THE MORRISTOWN WATERWORKS. ^53 soon became a skillful wood-engraver. Some of his at- tempts in this line while still here are preserved by his old friends. In 1839 he commenced experiments in electrotyping plates from wood-cuts, and succeeded so well that in 1841 an engraving was reproduced by this process and printed in Mapes's Magazine. In this great invention of ELECTROTYPY the name of Joseph A. Adams, the apprentice of Jacob Mann, publisher of the Palladium of Liberty, takes first rank. Not only was he the inventor, but to him belongs the chief credit of bringing it to its present state of per- fection. By continued experiments he secured at last a full and perfect current for a long time, and an equaliza- tion of the action of the battery until it was nearly ex- hausted of its acid. He also invented an entirely new process for covering wax moulds in a few minutes with a coat of copper, for which, on the 29th of January 1870, a patent was granted him. On the igth of April in the same year he patented the " Electric Connection Gripper," whereby the metal pan is taken entirely out of the current of electricity, and the copper is precipitated only upon the mould. For a long time he was connected with the Harpers, and he had the whole charge of the engravings in their famous Bible of 1843. In iht American Art Review {yo\. I., number 6, April 1880), published by Estes & Lauriat, of Boston, is an article from the pen of W. J. Linton, which describes the work of Mr. Adams and accords to him the highest praise, not only for his inventive genius, but for his marked ability as an artist. Mr. Adams died September 17th 1880, aged 78 years. He was the uncle of James Sylvester Adams, of the firm of Adams & Fairchild, Morristown. POST-OFFICE. Morristown has had but few postmasters. The first was Frederick King, commissioned early in 1782 by Post- master General Ebenezer Hazard. Henry King, his son, succeeded him on the 14th of June 1792, receiving his commission from Postmaster General Timothy Pickering. He held the ofifice 42 years, and was succeeded by Ed- ward Condict, who was commissioned the loth of April 1834 under the administration of Andrew Jackson. Since then the following have held the ofifice: Jacob M. King, Augustus Carmichael, Jason King, Joseph I. Roy, Philip W. Crater, Nathan B. Luse (1853-61), A. A. Vance (1861-75), and John R. Runyon, the present incumbent. The business of the office has considerably more than doubled in the last ten years. For the quarter ending December 31st 1880 it amounted to $2,048. WATERWORKS. Among the attractions and advantages of Morristown as a place of residence its excellent and abundant water supply is not the least prominent. On Nov. i6th 1799 a charter of incorporation was granted to the following "proprietors of the Morris Aqueduct:" John Doughty, Wm. Campfield, James Rich- ards, David Ford, Aaron Pierson, John Halsey, Wm. Johnes, Gabriel H. Ford, Henry King, Caleb Russell, Daniel Phoenix jr., Israel Canfield, Benjamin Freeman, David Mills, George O'Hara, Rodolphus Kent, Joseph Lewis, Lewis Condict, Abraham Canfield, Samuel Og- den, Elijah Holloway, Edward Mills, Wm. Tuttle, Mat- thias Crane, Jonathan Dickerson, and Daniel Lindsley. From an editorial in the Genius of Liberty, Nov. 21th 1799, we condense the following: " An aqueduct, four miles in length including its various branches, has been laid and completed in this town since the 20th of June last. The fountain is 100 feet above the town, on the north side of a small mountain covered with wood_ The pipe has been laid 3 feet under ground, at an ex- pense of between $2,000 & $3,000. The work was execu- ted by Pelatiah Ashley, of West Springfield, Mass." This " fountain " was on the " Jockey Hollow " road (about one mile from town), where one of the reservoirs is now situated. The water was conducted from there to the town through brick tile. How many years this was continued we cannot say, but are informed that for many years the aqueduct was a dry one, and Morristowu'" was again left dependent on wells, and so continued until the chartered right was purchased by James Wood, who re- paired it and laid chestnut logs of two inches bore as the aqueduct, and had a small distributing " reservoir " — a wooden cistern, capable of holding one hundred barrels of water— in town, on the Jockey Hollow road, now Western avenue. In 1846 John F. Voorhees became the proprietor of the aqueduct; he relaid it with cement pipe, and built a distributing reservoir eighteen feet square, on Fort Non- sense, where the present one is situated. In 1869 the present proprietors — still ajoint stock com- pany — purchased it, and under their care the supply has been steadily enlarged. There are besides the distribut- ing reservoir, which is on the eminence southwest of the court-house, three other reservoirs; viz., one near the Jockey Hollow road, of the capacity of forty thousand barrels; one in Jones's Ravine, near the Mendham road, capacity sixty thousand barrels; and a third, by far the largest, a few rods above the last mentioned in the same ravine, which is of the capacity of five hundred thousand barrels and was completed during the year 1880. Great pains are taken to exclude all stagnant and surface water, and to keep the reservoirs perfectly free from mud and vegetable matter and filled with pure spring water, which before entering the mains is exposed to the action of the atmosphere in the form of spray as far as practicable. This aeration has been found to be of the greatest im- portance and the result is a quality and purity of water believed to be unsurpassed elsewhere. There are twelve miles of mains, supplying all districts within the city limits, and as the supply of water is ample and the head of sufficient altitude the contiguous neigh- borhoods and towns will naturally seek to share in the advantages presented, of which disposition there are already important indications. 154 HtSTORY OF MORRIS COUNTS?'. The directors of the company are Henry C. Pitney, president; Hampton O. Marsh, William L. King, Aurelius B. Hull and Edward Pierson, secretary and treasurer. COUNTY BUILDINGS. The first Morris county court-house and jail was built in 1755. It was a small log building, and is said to have stood near the middle of the present Green. The wants of the county, however, soon outgrew this primitive structure. From the trustees' book of the First Presbyterian Church we append the following min- utes: "May 17 1770 the trustees being Duely Called and met at the county hous and agreed to Convey a Part of the meating hous Land to the freeholders of the County of morris for the Benefit of the Court hous " June 7 1770 the trustees met & Gave a Deed for one acre of Land on which the Court hous Standeth to three majestrets and the Freeholders of the County of morris." The house was shortly afterward built, and stood nearly opposite the United States Hotel, the front stand- ing about the middle of the present street, which was then only a narrow lane. It was a one-story frame build- ing, the sides as well as the roof of which were shingled. In 1776 a second story was added. Near it stood the pillory, which was last used in 1796. The county paid the trustees of the church ^5 for this one acre of land, " strict measure." A feature of the jail was the " debtors' room." In this room was an old-fashioned open fireplace of the times; about half way up the chimney iron bars were placed across to stop unlawful egress. One Uriah Brown, being placed, in " durance vile " by his creditors, was left locked in for the night, but early next morning the deputy sheriff, whose apartments were in the building, was awakened by a knock at his door, and there stood Brown, waiting to come in, as he said he was afraid of being arrested as a jail breaker. He refused to tell how he got out, so the deputy supposed some one had stolen his keys and let him out; but next morning, and again the next, Brown was at the door; then they thought he had a devil in him and were going to chain him, when he acknowledged he had succeeded in loosing a bar in the chimney, which enabled him to get out, but he could not get back the same way. The court-house and jail answered the purposes of the county until 1827, when the present building was com- pleted. In the July term of that year the dedicatory services took place, as appears from the books of the court, as follows: "Mom's Commnn Pleas, July Term 1827. — The Hon. George K. Drake, William Halsey, Theodore Freling- huysen, Henry A. Ford and Jacob W. Miller, Esqs., the committee appointed by the court to form a plan of arrangements to be carried into effect at the opening of the new court-house in Morristown, in the term of Sep- tember next, having met, and appointed Hon. George K. Drake chairman, and Jacob W. Miller secretary, the following arrangements are respectfully submitted to the court: " That the procession be formed in the following order: i, music; 2, sheriff; 3, board of chosen free- holders; 4, building committee; 5, master builders; 6, clergy and orator; 7, gaoler and crier; 8, constables; 9, coroners; 10, justices of the supreme court; 11, judges of the common pleas; 12, justices of the peace; 13, clerk and surrogate; 14, attorney general and prosecutor; 15, members of the bar; 16, grand jury; 17, petit jury; 18, county collector and assessors; 19, citizens. " Order of dedication: i, open with prayer; 2, address; 3, prayer; 4, opening the courts in due form of law; 5, calling and swearing the grand jury; 6, charge to the grand jury; 7, adjournment of court to the next day." The programme was carried out as above given. The address was delivered by Henry A. Ford, and was printed in full in The Jerseyman of October 24th 1827. The court-house is on the south side of Washington street, between Western avenue and Court street. It is of brick, painted white, with brown stone trimmings. It is partly of the Ionic style in architecture, two stories high, with basement. A cupola in which hangs a bell ornaments the roof. Over the entrance is a statue of Justice with the traditionary sword and balance in her hands. The natural beauty of the building is increased hy its surroundings; standing on high ground it overlooks the Green and the main part of the town. On the first floor are, at the right of the hall, sheriff's private apart- ments; left, the sheriff's offices; in the rear on either side are cells. A separate building of , stone, containing the work-house and additional cells, is in the rear, on the west side. The court-room occupies half the second story and has a gallery. In the other half are jury rooms and rooms of the sheriff's family. In the front part of the basement are the kitchens, etc., in the rear the dark and dismal dungeons, where contumacious prisoners are subdued. The surrogate's and clerk's offices are separated from the court-house by the jail yard; they face on Court street, and were built in 1847. The building is of red brick, two stories high. Each office has two fireproof vaults. On the second story is a hall called the County Hall, and in it meet the board of freeholders and grand jury. TRAVELING FACILITIES. The younger generation knows little or nothing of the pleasures of stage coaches and bad roads. Previous to 1838 Morristonians reached the outside world only by this luxurious method of travel. Benjamin Freeman claims the honor of running the first stage from this place to Powles Hook (Jersey City). This was in 1798, or possibly 1797. For $1.25 the trav- eller could start from here at 6 a. m. on Tuesday or Friday, and be drawn by four horses through Bottle Hill (Madison), and thence to Chatham, where "if he felt disposed he could take breakfast," thence to Springfield, Newark, reaching Powles (also spelled Paulus) Hook some time the same day according to circumstances. On Wednesday or Saturday he could return by the same route, and at the same price. John Halsey soon entered into partnership with LIBRARIES AT MORRISTOW'N— TRAVELING FACILITIES. 155 this primitive Jehu. The profits of the enterprise must have been considerable, for the following year, 1799, Matthias Crane started a rival stage. We doubt however whether the rivalry of Matthias gave the original firm much anxiety, as he could only muster two horses. But other competitors arose. The columns of the papers of those early days abound with flaming advertisements of these rival concerns, not omitting descriptions of the beauties of tlneir various routes. The majority of them ran to Powles Hook, but some only to Newark, and others to Elizabethtown Point, from which places the passengers were transported by boat to New York. In 1838 the Morris and Essex Railroad was complet- ed as far as Morristown, which was then the terminus. The depot was in DeHart street near Maple avenue and the route taken was along Maple avenue until near the Catholic church, thence across to Madison avenue and then to the line of the present route. Eleven trains ar- rive at this station daily for and from New York. Seven trains daily leave for stations westward, and the same number arrive here from those stations. The time table distance of Morristown from New York, via express train, is one hour and twenty-five minutes. An elegant new depot is at this writing (September ist 1881) rapidly approaching completion. LIBRARIES. The first library in Morris county was established in 1792. On the 2ist of September of that year 11 inhabit- ants of the county met at the house of Benjamin Free- man, at Morristown, and " advised and consulted " upon the propriety of organizing a society which should be called " The Morris County Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Domestic Manufactures." Captain Peter Layton (a relic of the Revolution) was chosen chairman, and Colonel Russell clerk. The con- stitution presented was rather defective. A committee •was appointed to revise it. The meeting then adjourned to meet at Mr. Freeman's house on September 25th 1792. One hundred people were present at this meeting. Sam- uel Tuthill was installed chairman, with Colonel Russell again clerk. The constitution was read as revised, and was adopted. From it we take (Art. VIII.) the follow- ing: " Upon the application of any member of the society for a book he shall deliver him one, and at the same time take a promissory note for the same, to be returned in one (i) month from the time, on paying one shilling for every week over time." On October 7th 1793 this was amended, and the librarian was only to keep an ac- count of the book taken. Article XL informs us that the dues were one dollar a year, " to be paid on the first Monday in October of each year," and that the stock was transferable. Ninety-seven of those present then signed the constitution, and a good portion of these paid several dollars over the dues for the sake of encourage- ment. The total receipts were $227. On October ist 1792 the election of officers came off. Samuel Tuthill was elected president; Joseph Lewis, vice-president; Dr. William Campfield, secretary; W. Canfield, librarian; Israel Canfield, treasurer. Six gentle- men were then elected a committee of correspondence. It was resolved that the society purchase three books, and a stamp for marking all books. " They then ad- journed." The next meeting was April ist 1795, at which the by-laws were read and adopted, from which we learn that the librarian was to be at the library to de- liver books on all days, Sundays excepted, from 6 a. m. to 9 P. M.," and "that he shall collect all dues in specie." The society started with 96 volumes. At the end of the year the treasurer reported $35.47 on hand, and an addi- tion of 20 volumes to the library. MORRIS LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. The society thus organized went along swimmingly until 1812, when a "Morris Library Association'' was started, and the " Association for the Promotion of Agri- culture and Domestic Manufactures " merged in it. February 3d 1812 a party of gentlemen met at Bull's Hotel and agreed to the measures necessary for the or- ganization of a library, and adjourned until February 24th, on which day G. H. Ford was elected president and secretary. A seal was ordered to be engraved. At the next meeting, April 6th, they elected Jabez Campfield librarian. They received also a communication from the president of the "Society for the Promotion of Agri- culture and Domestic Manufactures," who wished to sell out the old organization. The proposition was duly ac- cepted. The inventory showed 123 names, which were to be placed on the new company's books, together with 396 volumes, and other articles, amounting to $656.55. At this meeting a code of laws was read and adopted which was to govern the library. It allowed a person holding a share to have a book out not longer than one month, for which each year he was to pay 50 cents. It also recognized strangers and non-possessors of shares, but charged them extravagant prices for allowing them the use of books. No subsequent meeting is re- corded until February nth 1815, but all this time the library was in good running order. This meeting was of little importance. In 1820 an amendment was made to the code of laws that any person paying one dollar was entitled to all the privileges of a stockholder. From the report of the librarian for 1820, the first report since its organization, we gather the following: The amount of script taken was $417. The first year (1812) 144 books were taken out, at a fee to the librarian of six cents each, and in 1820 600 were taken out, at two cents each. In 1823 a number of shares were confiscated by the association and advertised for public sale in the Palladi- um of Liberty. They were all sold except four. In 1825 the trustees presented Rev. Albert Barnes, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, with one of these (No. i) shares, " to be used by him so long as he may remain pastor of the said church," and not subjected to yearly annuity. Mr. Barnes accepted the share, and was elected a trustee. is6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. APPRENTICES LIBRARY. The next library for public benefit at Morristown was instituted June i6th 1848. The books and chattels of the former organization were purchased by the infant asso- ciation, which started with the brightest prospects im- aginable. This library was begun solely for the benefit of the apprentices of Morris county. From the constitution, which is a finely written article, by Dr. R. W. Stevenson, we learn that the capital stock of the association was limited to fifteen hundred dollars, divided into shares of three dollars each, half of which was in three months subscribed. The library started with fifteen hundred volumes, rang- ing, with many and frequent gaps, from Mother Goose to the English Encyclopedia, and was considered for the times a very good collection. The library rooms were in the building now used by James Douglas as a drug store. The association with various vicissitudes lived from 1848 until 1851. This library did without doubt a great deal of good. It had at closing some twenty-five hundred volumes, from the ancient books of the "Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Domestic Manufactures " to the '' latest edition of Shakespere, in eight volumes." THE MORRIS INSTITUTE succeeded the Apprentices' Library Association. It lived, however, but a short time. It was founded February nth 1854, with G. T. Cobb as its president and J. R. Runyon its secretary. They rented rooms in "Mr. Marsh's building,'* which is now called Washington Hall. They purchased or rented all the books of the Apprentices' Library, and in addition had a reading room with some of the prominent weekly and monthly periodicals. But the enterprise was not a suc- cess, the books were old and the privilege of reading cost so much that but few availed themselves of it. The so- ciety dissolved in two years and all the books were stored away in the building on the corner of Court and Wash- ington streets. Soon afterward this took fire and about half of the books were destroyed. The rest were stored in a safer place, where they remained until they were claimed for the "new library." MORRISTOWN LIBRARY AND LYCEUM. The subject of a public library began to be agitated in 1861. A number of meetings were held by those most interested; but the excitement of those days of war pre- vented action for some time. In 1865 interest in it took definite shape. Toward the close of the year a circular was sent out to prominent citizens, as follows: "Dear Sir, — At a meeting held at Washington Hall on Tuesday evening December 26th, with reference to a public library, the undersigned were appointed a com- mittee to mature and report a plan. They will not be prepared until a later day than the one to which the meeting was adjourned. Their report will be ready to be presented at a meeting to be held on Monday evening January 8th, at 7^ o'clock p. m., at Washington Hall. The subject of a public library is one of the greatest importance, and you are particularly invited to attend the meeting on Monday January 8th 1866." This was signed by John Whitehead, John F. Voor- hees, William C. Caskey, William S. Babbitt, R. N. Mer- ritt, J. T. Crane, E. J. Cooper, George T. Cobb and Alfred Mills. The charter of incorporation was granted March 6th 1866, and Alfred Mills, John Whitehead and William C. Caskey were appointed commissioners to receive sub- scriptions to the capital stock, which was restricted to a sum not exceeding $50,000. When ten thousand of this amount had been subscribed a meeting of stockholders was held and a board of seven directors chosen. The directors hold office one year, and elect a presi- dent, secretary and treasurer. The stock is divided into shares of $25 each, and is free from all taxation. When the time came to look for a building site it was found there was none on the Green except at a price which was considered impracticable. The Morris Academy was standing, dilapidated and unused, on South street, and the stockholders therein offered to assign their stock to the Library and Lyceum for an equal nominal value in its stock — the lot to be taken at a valuation of $10,000 — on condition that a room be reserved in the new build, ing for a classical school for boys. This was agreed to, and it was decided that a stone building should be erected on this site. Plans were submitted, and that of Colonel George B. Post of New York city was adopted. A beautiful specimen of stone, found on the property of the proprietors of the Morris aqueduct, near ihs Jockey Hollow road, was selected; this the aqueduct company generously gave. Ground was broken in February 1875, and the laying of the foundation was begun in the follow- ing May; work was pushed rapidly, and the building was inclosed early the ensuing winter. The building cost $S5.°°°- The public opening occurred August 14th 1878. Each member of the board of directors has been from the con- ception of the enterprise until the present time active and efficient; and the result is a noble institution, unsurpassed by any in the State, and of which the citizens may well be proud. Special praise is due to J. Warren Blatchly, now deceased, for his donation by will of $5,000 for the purchase of books; to William L. King for his untiring energy in the interest of the library, and for his generous gifts to it, amounting in all to about $20,000; to John Whitehead for the time and pains bestowed in the selec- tion, purchase and arrangement of books, and preparation of the catalogue; and to William S. Babbitt, the efficient secretary of the institution. Oil portraits of Messrs. King and Blatchly, painted by J. Alden Weir, have recently been placed in the library by friends of the institution. From the last annual report we take the following: Total number of accounts during the year, 332; volumes in library, 8,280; added during the year, 557; issued during the year, 14,078; visits to the reading room, 11,170; more recent additions make the present number of volumes about 10,000. MASONIC LODGES AT MORRISTOWN— FEMALE CHARITABLE SOCIETY. 157 The board of directors consists of William L. King, president; John Whitehead, vice-president; W. S. Bab- bitt, secretary; John E. Taylor, treasurer; Henry C. Pitney, Alfred Mills, Theodore Little, Aurelius B. Hull, Samuel Eddy. The board was increased in June 1879 from seven members to nine, the present number. At the same time the capital stock vi^as increased from ^50,000 to $100,000. LODGES AND SOCIETIES. FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. Cincinnati Lodge, No. 3. — The "American Union Lodge " — an army lodge — had its warrant granted Feb- ruary 15th 1776 by Colonel Richard Gridley, deputy grand master of Massachusetts, to certain brethren of the "Connecticut line.'' At the close of the year 1779 it was located with Washington's army at this place. On the 27th of December 1779 a meeting of the above named lodge was held to celebrate the festival of St. John the Evangelist; and the record shows the presence of sixty-eight brethren, including General Washington. There is a tradition that Lafayette was initiated at this meeting. It is very commonly stated that General Washington was initiated into the mysteries of masonry while in camp here, and the room in the old Arnold tavern where the ceremony of initiation took place is pointed out. Truth compels us to disturb this pleasant local tradition. Gen- eral Washington was a mason previous to the Revolution- ary war, at Fredericksburg, Va. The books of Freder- icksburg Lodge, No. 4, have the following entries: " Nov. 6th 1752. — Received George Washington; his entrance ^2 3s." "March 3d 1753. — George Washington passed fellow-craft." "Aug. 4th 1753.— At a meeting of Fred- ericksburg Lodge, No. 4, transactions of the evening are: George Washington raised Master Mason; F. P. Willford, W. M.; R. S. Chew, S. W.; C. B. Willford, J. W." While in Morristown steps were taken by the members of the American Union Lodge for the appointment of a grand master over all the colonies, and it was signified by the committee having the matter in charge that General Washington was their choice for general grand master. Nothing, however, ever grew out of it, each State after- ward establishing a grand lodge of its own, presided over by a separate grand master. On December i8th 1786 a convention of master ma- sons was held at New Brunswick for the purpose. of es- tablishing the grand lodge of the State of New Jersey. At a communication held at New Brunswick January 30th 1787 a dispensation was granted for three months to certain master masons to open a lodge at Morristown, to be distinguished by the name of Hiram Lodge, No. 4. On the 2nd of April 1787 the dispensation was canceled, and a warrant issued by the grand lodge, which warrant was subsequently (on the sth of July 1796) returned on account of the non-attendance of members. A warrant was issued November loth 1812 to twelve master masons to open and hold a lodge at this place, under the name St. Tammany's Lodge, but this was also returned after a few years. On the Sth of November 1803 a warrant was granted to James Burras, W. M.; Wm. Bailey, S. W.; and John Sturtevant, J. W., to hold a lodge at Montville, in this county, to be called " Cincinnati Lodge, No. 17," No- vember nth 1806 permission was granted by the grand lodge to change the place of meeting to Hanover (Whip- pany), where it continued to meet until December 26th 1844, when it was removed to Morristown, under dispen- sation of the M. W. grand master. The number of the lodge was changed from 17 to 3 November 8th 1842. The following is the list of W. masters of the lodge since its organization: 1803, 1804, James Burras; 1805-8, John T. Bentley; 1809-14, Jeptha B. Munn; 1815-18, Abraham Reynolds; 1819, John S. Darcy; 1820-22, William Scott; 1823, 1824, Royal Hopkins; 1825, 1826, James Quinby; 1827, William McFarland; 1828, Stephen Fairchild; 1829-34, 1842-45, 1848, 1849, James Clark; 1835-37, 1846, George Vail; 1838, Albert G. Hopping; 1847, 185 1, 1854, Jabez Beers; 1850, W. C. Mott; 1852, 1853, Davis Vail; 1855, 1856, Thus. B. Flagler; 1857, Wm. H. James; 1858, 1859, Job J. Lewis; 1860-63, John S. Stiger; 1864, 1865, Alanson A. Vance; 1866, 1867, 1869, 1876, James V. Bentley; 1868, Chas. H. Dalrymple; 1870, Roswell B. Downing; 1871, Henry M. Dalrymple; 1872, Richard M. Stites; 1873, Jacob O. Arnold; 1874, Eratus D. Allen; 1875, John W. Hays; 1877, James W. Carrell; 1878, 1879, Wm. Becker jr.; 1880, 1881, Sidney W. Stalter. THE FEMALE CHARITABLE SOCIETY of Morristown was organized on the 13th of August 1813. Mrs. Samuel Fisher, wife of the pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, was first directress, Mrs. Israel Canfield second directress, Mrs. Arden treasurer, and Miss A. M. Smith secretary. The board of mana- gers were Mrs. Mills, Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Phoenix, Mrs. Edwards, Mrs. Mann and Mrs. Vail. Mrs. Silas John- son succeeded Mrs. Fisher as first directress, but re- signed the office at the end of two years, and Mrs McDowell was chosen in her place. In the year 1830 Mrs. George P. McCuUoch was elected first directress of the society, and she remained its honored and beloved head for nearly thirty-four years. Mrs. McCulloch died in 1864, and Mrs. George T. Cobb was chosen to fill her place. The semi-centennial of the society was held in 1863. At the annual meeting in November 1879 Mrs. Cobb resigned the presidency of the society .because of ill health, and Mrs. J. W. Miller was elected first directress. Mrs. Miller has been a member of the charitable society sixty years, filling the various offices of manager, second directress, etc. She is the daughter of Mrs. McCulloch, who for so many years directed the society's affairs. The present officers are: Mrs. J. W. Miller, first directress; Mrs. Albert Erdman, second directress; Mrs. R. W. Stevenson, secretary; Mrs. Eugene Ayers, treas- urer; board of managers— Mrs. L. N. Hitchcock, Mrs. Henry Shaw, Mrs. L. B. Ward, Mrs. Theodore Little, Mrs. H. C. Pitney, Mrs. E. C. Lord, Miss Benson, Mrs. F. G. Burnham, Miss Rowe, Mrs. S. F. Headley, Mi. s 158 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Watson, Mrs. G. Werts; honorary managers — Mrs. R. N. Merritt, Mrs. R. S. Green, Mrs. Chadwell, Mrs. Bowman. The society distributed during the past year $616.82 in charities. ODD FELLOWS. Roxiticus Lodge of I. O. of O. F. was instituted Sep- tember nth 1849 and continued to 1863. It was re- organized in March 187 1, and is still in existence. We judge that it is quite unappreciative of the importance of its history to after generations, as we made not less than six applications to it, but all in vain, for whatever is worthy of record in its past and present existence. We regret this for the sake of those unborn generations. Its present officers are: N. G., Alfred M. Armstrong; V. G., Edward Cobbett; secretary, Charles R. Lindsley; treasurer, John McGowan; district deputy of Morris county, William Lewis. The present number of members is 50. The lodge meets Wednesday nights in the Bell build- ing. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. The first post of the grand army in Morristown was organized September 3d 1868, and was known as Phil. Sheridan Post, No. 18, Department N. J., G. A. R. The name was afterward changed to Ira J. Lindsley Post, No. 18, in honor of Captain Ira J. Lindsley, Com- pany C isth N. J. volunteers, who fell in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3d 1863. The officers of the post were: Commander, Samuel J. Hopkins; S. V. C, James M. Brown; J. V. C, Heyward G. Emmell; adju- tant, George W. Uerrickson; quartermaster, Ellis T. Armstrong; S. M., Charles P. Case; Q. M. S., John Moreland. The post surrendered its charter in 1874. Winfield Scott Post, No. 24, was organized July 14th 1879. The name of the post was changed on the death of General Torbett to A. T. A. Torbett Post, No. 24, G. A. R., there being a large number of his old brigade members of the post. The present officers are: Com- mander, Heyward G. Emmell; S. V., William S. Earls; J. v., James Shawger; surgeon, Stephen Pierson, M. D.; chaplain, Theodore Searing; adjutant, L. P. Hannas; quartermaster, William Becker jr.; officer of the day, Edward Cobbett; officer of the guard, Alonzo Hedden; Q. M. S., George Pierson; S. M., E. A. Doty. The post numbers about fifty men. women's EMPLOYMENT SOCIETY. This society was organized in 1873, for the purpose of aiding poor and' worthy women in town by giving to them such work as they could perform and paying them a generous price for it. It was designed thus to culti- vate a proper self-respect among the poor, and remove the pauperizing influence of alms-giving. In this respect the society has done an excellent work. According to the last annual report it paid out for work during the year over $700, and sold garments to the amount of nearly f8oo. Its total receipts for the year ending November ist 1880 were $1,338.66, and expenditures $1,288.81. The officers are: First directress, Mrs. C. H. Hunt; second directress, Mrs. P. C. Barker; treasurer, Mrs. E. C. Lord; secretary. Miss J. E. Dodge; managers — Mrs. W. E. Bailey, Miss Benson, Mrs. G. W. Colics, Mrs. J. Smith Dodge, Mrs. H. W. Ford, Mrs. Hillard, Miss M. Lord, Mrs. R. W. Lyon, Mrs. H. W. Miller, Mrs. Henry Shaw, Mrs. George Vail, Mrs. L. B. Ward; honorary manager, Mrs. J. W. Miller. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION. For a number of years before the organization of this association its various branches of work (including read- ing-room) were carried on by the young men of the two Presbyterian churches. The reading-room was over the store of W. S. Babbitt. The expenses of this organiza- tion were jointly borne by the churches just named. The Young Men's Christian Association had its rise in a preliminary conference of young men of the different churches at a private house in December 1873. This led to the formal organization of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association on the 2nd of January 1874, in the Bap- tist Church of Morristown. On that occasion over 100 men assembled and 61 members were enrolled. The presidents of the organization have been as fol- lows: J. V. Bentley, Wm. E. Church, Frederick Wooster Owen, Jonathan W. Roberts, George E. Voorhees, James P. Sullivan and John Edward Taylor, the present incum- bent; vice-presidents, Isaac R. Pierson, Wm. E. Church, W. F. Day, J. E. Parker, Wm. D. Johnson, Isaac Pierson and Kiliaen Van Rensselaer. The first recording secre- tary was M. W. Stoll, the first treasurer the lamented George L. Hull. The first executive committee consis- ted of Geo. E. Voorhees, J. J. Davis, L. E. Miller, E. E. Marsh, Isaac R. Pierson, Levi J. Johnson, W. F. Day, J. Searing Johnson, W. S. Babbitt and E. A. Muir. The year 1876 saw the association initiating and suc- cessfully concluding the scheme for freeing the African M. E. church from debt. It is a significant fact that Morristown at large contributed through the Y. M. C. A. $3,800 for that purpose, fully acquiring the church prop- erty and vesting its official control in the association. In this same memorable year the association held 361 prayer meetings in Morristown and vicinity, induced the citizens to feed the poor on Thanksgiving day at an ex- pense of $200, prepared the way for the " mission chapel" movement, and distributed loo Bibles and about 1,500 tracts. In 1877 the association became an incorporated body. In January i88o the "coffee-room and gymnasium " and " evening school " movements were inaugurated, and they have proved highly successful. The committee in charge of the former was Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, T. B. Nutting and J. E. Parker; of the latter, J. H. Van Doren, W. L. R. Haven, S. Moore and Theodore Little. The receipts of the association during the year 1880 were $1, 589.58; the expenditures $909.32. ASSOCIATrONS AT MORRISTOWN— THE GREEN. 159 The officers during the year 1881 were- J. E. Taylor, president; Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, vice-president; W. S. Mulford, corresponding secretary; U. H. Rodney, re- cording secretary; H. T. Hull, treasurer; executive com- mittee — J. H. Van Doren (chairman), George G. Ely (secretary), William K. Norris, George W. Colles, William Lewis, George N. Yates, I. R. Voorhees, William S. Babbitt, W. F. Day, T. B. Nutting jr., Lansing Furman. Charles A. Edwards, J. D. Guerin; devotional committee — Kiliaen Van Rensselaer (chairman), Truman H. Scott secretary), (T. B. Nutting jr., James Welsh, Isaac R. Pierson, William D. Johnson, P. H. Hoffman, H. H. Fairchild, Walter N. Coriell; corporation — F. W. Owen (president), I. R. Pierson (secretary), H. T. Hull (treas- urer), J. E. Taylor, George E. Voorhees, P. H. Hoffman, W. F. Day, A. A. Schenck, William D. Johnson, George Yates. THE MORRISTOWN LYCEUM was organized in September 1879, having previously ex- isted for a few years as a debating society under the name of " Young Men's Lyceum." Its object was to preserve the best features of the debating society, to add a reading room for newspapers etc., a course of lectures, and other literary entertainments. The first officers were: President, Paul Revere; vice- president, E. A. Quayle; treasurer, W. B. Wood; record- ing secretary, Mahlon Pitney;' corresponding secretary, F. Schraudenbach. The office of president has since been filled by W. W. Cutler, C. F. Randolph and J. B. Vreeland. The present board of officers is as follows: President, J. B. Vreeland; vice-president, W. B. Wood; recording secretary, H. Hillard; corresponding secretary, W. P. Fennell; treasurer, A. W. Bell; members of executive committee— T. C. Bushnell, W. W. Cutler. The meetings are held on Monday evening, during the winter. A commodious and well-furnished room in the library building is the place of meeting. A course of lectures has been given each year, and a public debate held just prior to adjournment for the summer. "THE MORRISTOWN GREEN." In the year 1771 (September 7th) " the trustees, Henry Primrose, Benjamin Bayles, Benjamin Cox, Samuel Rob- erts, Joseph Stiles, Samuel Tuthill and Stephen Conkling, in consideration of ;£5 and also for and in consideration that the justices and freeholders of iVEorris county and successors do constantly and continually keep full and in passable repair that part of the hereafter mentioned lot of land commonly called the Gully " (a portion of the present " Green "), deeded " one acre, strict measure, for the sole use and purpose of a court-house, gaol," etc- This deed specifies "that if the court-house aforesaid shall be removed to any other place then this indenture and everything herein contained to be void, and title to the aforesaid lot of land to revert to said Henry Prim- rose," etc. About 1816 the project of inclosinT the remainder of the land now embraced in the park for the purposes of a common was mooted. It was owned by the First Pres- byterian Church. An old surveyor by the name of Ed- ward Condict, however, laid claim to it as unlocated land. Finally he was induced to forego his claim in view of the fact that the church was ready to sell the land for a green to certain citizens. The price paid was f 1,600. The deed bears date of April ist 1816. It is signed by John Mills, president of the board of trustees, and by those who had subscribed to the purchase fund, with the amounts given. These names ought to be preserved, and we consequently append them. The parties of the sec- ond part were the original subscribers; those of the third part later subscribers. Parties of the second part: Daniel Phoenix, $100; Lewis Mills, $100; James Wood, $150; Israel Canfield, $200; Samuel Halliday, $50; P. A. Johnson, $50; Henry King, $25; Ebenezer H. Pierson, $50; David Mills, $25; Theodore F. Talbot, $25; Jonathan Ogden, $100; Syl- vester D. Russell, $35; Andrew Hunt, $25. Parties of the third part: William M. O'Hara, fio; Henry P. Russell, $30; the bank, Daniel Phoenix presi- dent, f5o; Henry I. Browne, $25; Abm. C. Canfield, $25; William H. Wetmore, $25; Loammi Moore, $50; Stephen Halsey, $5; William Dixon, $50; Charles A. Pitney, I5; Lewis Hayden, $50; Stephen J. Ogden, $35; George K. Drake, $ro. This deed is recorded in Book O of deeds, page 417, etc. The deed provided '' that no dwelling house, store, shop or barn, or any other building of any kind should be thereafter erected on the aforesaid green or common, except a meeting-house, a court-house and jail, and a market-house." These last specifications did not seem so important to the more recent trustees as to those whose names are above recorded. Accordingly in 1868 they reconveyed the property to the trustees of the church, who immediately transferred it back to the trus- tees of the Green, with the objectionable specifications omitted, thus prohibiting building of any sort upon it; also agreeing when a new church is built to place its front line forty feet further back than the front line of the present edifice. The Green is in shape a square, divided by walks into eight triangles. It contains about two and a half acres, and the distance around it is a quarter of a mile. Around this square are situated the principal business places and three of the churches. In the center of the Green are a " liberty pole " and a rustic summer-house for the band, and at the northeast corner the soldiers' monu- ment, of which notice is taken elsewhere. LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO MORRISTOWN. Thursday the 14th of July 1825 was a great day for Morristown and vicinity. Preparations had for a long time been makiug for it. As far back as the previous September a pressing invitation had been extended to General Lafayette, " the nation's guest," to visit this place. The invitation had been in due time accepted, and the above date appointed as the time of the. visit. The following large committee, consisting of the fore- 9') i6o HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. most men of the community, had been chosen to make the necessary arrangements: General John Doughty, chairman; Gabriel H. Ford, James Wood, James C. Can- field, Cornelius Ludlow, Colonel Lemuel Cobb, Colonel John H. Glover, Joseph Dickerson jr., Hon. Mahlon Dickerson, Lawrence Hager, Captain Richard Reed, Abraham Brittin, Hon. Lewis Condict, George K. Drake, Captain Daniel C. Martin, S. D. Russell, General John S. Darcy, Silas Cook, Robert Colfax, Major William Hunt, Samuel Sayre,Colonel Benjamin McCurry,Doctor Jephtha B. Munn, Lewis Mills, Jacob Mann, secretary. The arrangements were all completed, the stand was erected, the speakers appointed, the military in readiness under General Darcy, the tables in Mr. Sansay's long room spread in readiness for an epicurean feast for all who could pay three dollars for a dinner ticket, while the parlor of Mr. Ogden (by whom General Lafayette was to be entertained while here) was put in readiness for the ladies of the town to whom the honored guest was after the dinner to be introduced. Early in the afternoon a booming cannon announced his arrival at Whippany; and an hour later a second salute told the expectant throng that he was approaching Morristown. He came accompanied by Governor Wil- liamson, Colonel Ogden and William Halsey, a joint committee from Paterson and Morris, a deputation from the committee of arrangements who met him at Whip- pany, and a military escort of the Morris cavalry, who had joined him at the county line. He was conducted through the throng directly to the platform, where an, address of welcome was delivered, to which he briefly responded. The band played, the choir sang patriotic airs, the people cheered, and the general no doubt felt satisfied with the reception which Morristown tendered him, honorable alike to himself and to the people whose guest he was. THE SPEEDWELL WORKS were built about 1812, by Stephen Vail. They were closed shortly after his death, which occurred on the 12th of July 1864, and have not since been in operation. Their importance, however, during the period of their activity warrants a somewhat extended account. They are located a mile north of the Morristown Green. They have been the principal, and we may say the only, manu- facturing interests in the town. THE VAIL INVENTIONS. Speedwell may be called the home of the electro-mag- netic telegraph. The following letter from Prof. Morse has, we believe, never before been published: " New York, November 25th 1862. " My Dear Sir: "Your favor of the 21st inst. is this moment received. On the subject upon which you request some observa- tions I would say that I well remember the trials made at Speedwell of the operations of the telegraph. The date, January 6th 1838, I believe to be correct in regard to those experiments. In 1835 the telegraph was operated in my rooms in the university, but with only a short line of wire. Your nephew, Alfred Vail, was shown my ex- periments in 1837, he being then a student in the university, and he took from that time a strong interest in the invention, and became associated with me in labors and expenses and profits of the invention. Through this interest of Mr. Alfred Vail I was furnished with the pe- cuniary means to procure a greater length of wire and more effective instruments, which were made under my superintendence at Speedwell. Ten miles of wire, in two spools of five miles each, were prepared at the university to exhibit to Congress the operations of the telegraph at Washington, and the trial at Speedwell was made when about three miles of the wire had been completed. You will see in Mr. Alfred Vail's work, " The American Electro-Magnetic Telegraph," at pages 74 and 75, the re- sults of an experiment on a short wire of 1,700 feet, which I made on the 4th of September 1837, in the university; but the line of about three miles at Speedwell was the longest which at that time had been used. " Yr. mo. ob. sert., "Sam'l F. B. Morse." " To Dr. William P. Vail, "Johnsonburg, N. Jersey." On the nth of January 1838, five days after the trial above mentioned was made, the public was permitted to see the wonderful performance, when hundreds came from the surrounding country to witness it. It is in point here to state that the public has never done justice to Alfred Vail for the part he took in this great enterprise of giving the telegraph to the worl'd. Nor did Prof. Morse himself pursue that generous course toward him which Mr. Vail had the right to expect. He claimed, or at least allowed himself to receive, all the honor of the inventions of Mr. Vail, which the latter ab- stained from claiming, owing to a delicate sense of ob- ligation incurred by his contract with Prof. Morse, "to devote his personal services and skill in constructing and bringing to perfection as also in improving the mechan- ical parts of said invention, * * * without charge for such personal services to the other proprietors, and for their common benefit." Alfred Vail first produced in the new instrument the first available Morse machine. He invented the first combination of the horizontal lever motion to actuate a pen or pencil or style, and the entirely new telegraphic alphabet of dots, spaces and marks, which it necessitated. The new machine was Vail's, not Morse's. To Alfred Vail alone is due the honor in the first place of inventing an entirely new alphabet; secondly, of inventing an en- tirely new machine, in which was the first combination of the horizontal lever motion to actuate a pencil or pen style, so arranged as to perform the new duties required with precision, simplicity and rapidity; and, thirdly, of inventing, in 1844, the new lever and . grooved roller, which embossed into paper the simple and perfect alpha- betical characters which he had originated. Space forbids adducing proofs of the above claims; for them we would refer those interested to the follow- ing works, where they will find the claims abundantly substantiated. " Up the Heights of Fame and Fortune," by F. B. Read, 8vo. Cincinnati, 1873. INVENTIONS BY ALFRED AND STEPHEN VAIL. i6i New York Sun for September z5th 1858; an article by its editor, Moses S. Beach. Scribner's Hours at Home, 'SiZ'^X.zmhe.x \Z(>()\ an article by Dr. William P. Vail. A pamphlet entitled " History Getting Right on the Invention of the American Electro-Magnetic Telegraph," 1872. An Historical Sketch of Henry's Contribution to the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph, etc.; by William B. Taylor (from the Smithsonian Report for 1878), Washington; Government Printing Ofifice, 1879; pages 84-87. From the last named work we quote the concluding paragraph (p. 87): "Surely it is time that Alfred Vail should receive the tardy justice of some public acknowl- edgment of his very ingenious and meritorious inven- tions in telegraphy, and of grateful remembrance par- ticularly for his valuable contribution to the ' Morse system ' of its practically most important element." Mr. Vail died January i8th 1859. At a meeting of the directors of the Magnetic Telegraph Company, held at Philadelphia on the i6th of February 1859, ifor the pur- pose of giving expression to their feelings in view of his death, the Hon. Amos Kendall said: "If justice be done the name of Alfred Vail will forever stand associated with that of Samuel F. B. Morse in the history of the in- vention and introduction into use of the electro-magnetic telegraph. Mr. Vail was one of the most honest and scrupulously conscientious men with whom it has ever been my fortune to meet." Mr. Read in his book already mentioned relates a con- versation between a friend of Mr. Vail and Professor Morse during the last sickness of the latter, in March 1872. " In a conversation of two hours," says this friend of Mr. Vail, " he [Professor Morse] several times said, ' The one thing I want to do now is justice to Mr. Vail' * * * Just four weeks from that day he passed from earth; and I have never heard that he left one word for it. Indeed, I did not expect that he would." To this statement Mr. Read adds: " Here we leave Professor Morse and his relations to Alfred Vail. Our only pur- pose has been simply to bring the facts concerning this wonderful invention to the light of day." On March 3d 1843, one minute before midnight and the adjournment of Congress, the " telegraph bill "passed the Senate, having already been acted upon by the lower house. Prof. Morse, utterly discouraged and wearied out by his anxiety, had gone to his lodgings, having given up all hope, as at 9 o'clock in the evening nearly a hun- dred bills still remained upon the docket. The next morning, as he was about to sit down to breakfast, the servant announced that a young lady desired to see him in the parlor. It was the daughter of Henry L. Ells- worth, a college classmate of Prof. Morse. She had called at her father's request to announce the passage of the telegraph bill. As an appropriate acknowledgment of her kindness and sympathy Prof. Morse promised that the first message by the first line of telegraph between Washington and Baltimore should, be indited by her. When the line between these two cities was completed he apprised her of his readiness to comply with his promise. A note from her enclosed these words: "' What hath God wrought." And this was the first dispatch sent over the electro-magnetic telegraph, the date being Monday May 27th 1844. Alfred Vail was the operator at the Wash- ington station, and H. J, Roger at Baltimore. The only one remaining of these two original instruments has been until recently preserved at the " Headquarters " in Mor- ristown, and is now at the Metropolitan Museum, New York city. An item from Dr. William P. Vail may not be out of place in this connection: "Allow me to call attention to a matter which deserves a place in the History of Morris County. In the begin- ning of this century Jeremiah H. Pierson, of Ramapo, N. J., started the first nail factory in the United States, and the first cut nail ever made in this country was made there. Stephen Vail, then a very young man and a born mechanic, who could understand a machine at sight, heard of this strange thing and he longed to see it. Accordingly he went to Ramapo, but how to get the coveted sight was the question, as it was against the law of the establishment to admit spectators. However by some means he found his way inside, in the character of an unskilled, curious country boy, and wandered around in apparently stupid wonder at what he saw. At length Mr. Pierson, who had just come into the factory, saw the country lad intently looking at the cut nail machine. Instantly waving a bandana handkerchief, he beckoned him to the entrance, telling him very bluntly that he had no business there. Making an affectedly awkward a'pology he took his leave, but he took that cut nail ma- chine away with him, in his head. He had seen enough. Not long afterward a cut nail machine was at work in Dover, Morris county, N. J. When Mr. Pierson heard of it for the life of him he couldn't tell how it got there. Many years afterward Mr. Pierson and Mr. Vail, both bting iron men, formed an acquaintance. One day Mr. Vail asked Mr. Pierson if he knew how the nail factory in Dover came to be started. Of course Mr. Pierson didn't know; whereupon Mr. Vail, who loved a joke and a hearty laugh, told him all about it, and then they en- joyed the joke and the laugh together. This history Judge Vail gave me many years ago, and at my request he repeated it to me a short time before he died, which was in 1864, at the ripe age of 84, still a hale, vigorous man." FIRST STEAMSHIP BOILER AND CAST-IRON PLOW. The fame of Speedwell is not confined to the tele- graph. It has the honor of having manufactured the first boiler for the first steamship which crossed the Atlantic. The London Times of June 30th 1819 says: "The 'Sa- vannah,' steam vessel, recently arrived at Liverpool from America, the first vessel of the kind that ever crossed the Atlantic, was chased a whole day off the coast of Ireland by the ' Kite', revenue cruiser on the Cork station, which mistook her for a ship on fire." The same paper on June 21st 1819 contained the fol- lowing, credited to Marwade's Comtnercial Report of that week : " Among the arrivals yesterday at this port we were particularly gratified and astonished by the novel sight of a fine steamship, which came around at 7^ p. m. with- 162 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. out the assistance of a single sheet, in a style which dis- played the power and advantage of the application of steam to vessels of the largest size, being 350 tons bur- den. She is called the ''Savannah,' Captain Rogers, and sailed from Savannah, Georgia, United States, the 26th of May, and arrived in the Channel five days since. During the passage she worked the engine eighteen days. Her model is beautiful, and the accommodations for pas- sengers elegant and complete. She is the first ship of this construction that has ever undertaken a voyage across the Atlantic." Some of the lighter machinery of the " Savannah " was made at Elizabethtown. The heavier parts were made at Speedwell by Judge Stephen Vail, the father of Alfred Vail. Dr. William P. Vail, the brother of Stephen, writes : " I well remember seeing parts of it [the engine] from time to time loaded on wagons for the transporta- tion to Elizabethtown Point, there to be shipped to New York." This was in 1819. Tradition also says that the first cast-iron plow was made at Speedwell. In answer to a letter of inquiry on this point Dr. William P. Vail writes : " As to when, where, and by whom the first cast-iron plow was made, I can tell only what I have heard from an honored relative, Mr. Jacob Johnson, who lived many years an active, useful and respected citizen of Newark, N. J., but who was a native of Morris county, N. J., learned the trade of a printer with Jacob Mann, of Mor- ristown, the editor of the old Palladium, and who now sleeps there in the old cemetery of the First Presbyter- ian church. He assured me that his father, Mahlon John- son, of Littleton, Morris county, N. J., was the real in- ventor of the cast-iron plow, which was afterward pa- tented by Freeborn, of New York, whose name it bore. This statement I have no doubt is altogether correct." It seems a pity that after the noble history of the Speedwell works they should now stand disused and for- saken. BUSINESS CORPORATIONS. BANKS. On the, 17th of March 1812 Aaron Kitchel, Edward Condict, Jonathan Ogden, Charles Carmichael, and Ebenezer H. Pierson, commissioners, opened subscrip- tion books for the State Bank at Morris. The officers were: President, Daniel Phoenix; directors — John Res- to (?), David Welsh, Isaac Southard, Richard Hunt, Wil- liam Brittin, Solomon Doty; cashier, H. J. Browne. This bank continued business for a number of years, in the building on the corner of Park place and Bank street, now belonging to the estate of Aug. W. Bell. It finally went into bankruptcy. The same fate overtook the old Morris County Bank, which for a considerable time carried on a flourishing business in the building now occupied by F. S. Freeman as a hardware store. It was incorporated February 24th 1836. The incorporators were Henry A. Ford, Dayton I. Canfield, George H. Ludlow, Joseph Jackson, Richard S. Wood, James Wood, Henry Hillard, Jephtha B. Munn, Silas Condict, Timothy S. Johnes, Jonathan C. Bonnell, George Vail, and William Brittin. The capital stock was $100,000. James Wood was the first president. After his death he was succeeded by his son Nelson Wood. For a long time this was the great bank of the county. In the financial troubles of 1857 it was obliged to sus- pend for a while, but was able to meet its obligations in full. At last, however, about 1865 or 1866 it finally closed its doors. National Iron Bank. — This bank was started at Rocka- way in 1855 or 1856, under the name of the IronBankof Rockaway. It was moved to Morristown in February 1858. Its first directors after the removal were Simeon Broadwell (president), Horace Ayers (cashier), C. S. Hulse, Samuel W. Corwin, John Bates, James Holmes, George S. Corwin, Francis Lindly and Henry C. Pitney. Its original capital stock was $50,000, which was increased to $100,000, and again in July 1871 to $200,000, at which figure it still remains. Up to 1865 this was a State bank, since which time it has been a national bank. Mr. Broadwell remained president until 1869, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent. Mr. Craig became cashier in 1861. In 1870 the present banking house was built, at a cost (including lot) of $40,000. The present officers are : President, Hampton O. Marsh; cashier, Daniel D. Craig; directors — Henry C. Pitney, George E. Voorhees, H. B. Stone, Edmund D. Halsey, James S. Coleman and Byram K. Stickle. The First National Bank of Morristown was organized April 4th 1865. May 27th 1865 authority was given by the controller of the currency to commence the business of banking. June 21st 1865 it commenced business, with a capital of $100,000. The first board of directors con- sisted of Daniel Budd, William G. Lathrop, John F. Voorhees, J. Boyd Headley, Henry M. Olmstead, Theodore Little, Columbus Beach, George T. Cobb, and Louis B. Cobb. The first officers were: Theodore Little, president; Louis B. Cobb, vice-president; Joseph H. Van Doren, cashier. The present capital is $100,000. The directors are Theodore Little, Alfred Mills, William G. Lathrop, Charles H. Dalrymple, David A. Nicholas, Charles E. Noble, Edward C. Lord, Augustus Crane, and Robert F. Oram. The present officers are: Theodore Little, president; Augustus Crane, vice-president; Joseph H. Van Doren, cashier. The bank is located at the corner of Park place and Washington street. The Morristown Institution for Savings was incor- porated April 9th 1867, by George T. Cobb, Austin Requa, Lebbeus B. Ward, Joseph W. Ballentine, Augustus W. Cutler, Louis B. Cobb and William C. Caskey. The first deposit was made May 25th 1867. The first officers were: President, Louis B. Cobb; vice-president, Joseph W. Ballentine; secretary and treasurer, J. B. Winslow. The present officers are: President, Charles E. Noble; vice-president, William G. Lathrop; counsel, Thodore Little; treasurer, D. A. Nicholas; secretary, E. E. Crowell; managers— William G. Lathrop, Henry M. -N^ -^j'wr.-.--r*-S= MAPIE CUTTA&L, RESIOCUCE Or MRS WILLIAM H HOVkLA\ID ^iOhRISTOWN VJ iigas. -.. ■5=#^= RESIDEMCEOK iVIPii.R.V W, FAIR C .-ILD, HAMOVEB ,TP, MORRIS., CO. N.J M^ MORRISTOWN BANtCS— GAS COMPANY— CORPORATE HISTORY. 163 Olmsted, Robert F. Oram, John R. Runyoii, Augustus Crane, P. C. Barker and Alfred Mills. The business of the bank is now being closed up. One hundred cents on a dollar have already been paid to depositors, and there will be a surplus of about $30,000. From May 25th 1867, when the first, deposit was made, to February ist 1881, when deposits ceased, there were deposits amounting to over $1,520,000. The largest amount of deposits at any one time reached above $540,000. The Morris County Savings Bank was incorporated March 3d 1874, by William L. King, Henry W. Miller, Theodore Ayers, George E. Voorhees, Henry C. Pitney, Thomas B. Flagler, James A. Webb and Augustus C. Canfield. Mr. King was elected president and John B. Byram secretary and treasurer on the 7th of the same month. Mr. King was president until the ist of January 1881. Mr. Byram still occupies the position to which he was first elected. The president is Henry W. Miller; vice-president, Aur.eliuS B. Hull; managers — Augustus C. Canfield. Aurelius B. Hull, Henry C. Pitney, Charles Y. Swan, George E. Voorhees, Philip H. Hoffman, James S. Coleman and Hampton O. Marsh. The deposits were about $200,000 until February ist 1881, when the Morristown Institution for Savings began to wind up its business, since which time they have in- creased until at present (September ist 1881) they are $500,000. THE MORRISTOWN GAS LIGHT COMPANY was chartered February 19th 1855, Messrs. John F. Voorhees, William N. Wood, Albert H. Stanburrough, Augustus W. Cutler and George T. Cobb being the in- corporators. The first. gas was not made until October 1859. The business of the company has so increased that it has been necessary to augment the capital stock to $40,- 000. Most of the stores and the more opulent private houses have discarded the lamp for the safer, more pleasant and more brilliant gas. In 1874 the receipts of the company was $17,628, the price of gas being $4.50 per thousand feet. In 1875 the receipts were $17,347, the price being $4 per thousand. Seventy street lamps are supplied with gas and light the town at night. The gas works are at the corner of Water and Spring streets. January ist 1879 the price was again reduced, being now $3 per thousand feet. The gross receipts for 1880 were $14,650. The present officers of the company are: President, E. B. Woodruff, M. D.; secretary and treasurer, Edward Pierson; directors— E. B. Woodruff, M. D., H. B. Stone, E. D. Halsey, James R. Voorhees, Samuel Pierson, M. D. MORRISTOWN'S MUNICIPAL HISTORY. The act to incorporate Morristown was approved April 6th 1865. The city limits are as follows: '^ Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That all that tract of land situ- ate lying and being within the limits and boundaries hereinafter mentioned and described— that is to say: be- ginning on the Basking Ridge road, at and including the house of Joseph Thomson; thence in a straight line to' the New Vernon . road, to and including the house of William H. Howland; thence in a straight line to the Spring Valley road, to and including the house formerly owned by the Rev. J. M. Johnson (and known as the Bellevue House); thence in a straight line to the Madi- son road, to and including the house of John Sneden; thence in a straight, line to the Whippany road, to and in- cluding the house of Mrs. Joseph M. Lindsley; thence in a straight line to the Horse Hill road, to and including the house of Mrs. G. Meeker; thence in a straight line to and including the house of E. Boonen' Graves; thence in a straight line to the Morris Plains road, to and includ- ing the house of Gordon Burnham; thence in a straight line to the Walnut Grove road, to and including the house of Byron Sherman; thence in a straight line to the Mendham road, to and including the house of Jacob T. Axtell; thence in a straight line to the place of begin- ning on the Busking Ridge road, containing about one thousand acres — shall be and the same is hereby ordained, constituted and declared to be a town corporate, and shall henceforth be called, known and distinguished by the name of Morristown." This act was amended March 15th 1866 as follows: " r. Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, That the first section of the act to which this is a supplement shall be so amended as to include within the boundaries of Morristown the dwell- ing-house of John T. Foote and the dwelling-house of J. Cowper Lord; and that next after the words 'Joseph Thomson ' in said section the words 'thence in a straight line to New Vernon road ' shall be stricken out, and the words ' thence in a straight line to and including the house of John T. Foote; thence in a straight liiie across the New Vernon road,' be inserted; and further, that the words in said section ' to and including the house, of Gordon Burnham' be stricken out, and instead thereof the words ' to and including the house of J. Cowper Lord' be inserted." The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, two alder- men and five common councilmen — all unsalaried offi- cers, and elected every two years. A marshal and two assistants comprise the police force. The other ap- pendages of local government machinery are clerk, treas- urer, assessor, collector, street commissioner, city sur- veyor and police justices, all of whom are appointed by the common council. The only indebtedness of the city is $11,000 fire bonds. On the other hand the city owns unencumbered prop- erty worth $35,000. The city tax levy for the year end- ing April 1st 1881 was a little more than $14,000; The following is a register of the several common councils of Morristown. Council of 1865 (term of office one year; council elected May 8 and sworn May g). — Mayor, George T. Cobb; re- corder, J. Boyd Headly; aldermen — William C. Baker, Isaac Bird; councilmen Edwin L. Lounsbury, Sam- uel S. Halsey, Silas D. Cory, Victor Fleury, Sherwood S. Atno; clerk and treasurer, James V. Bentley. Council of 1866 (term of office made two years). — Mayor, George T. Cobb; recorder, William C. Baker, did not accept; aldermen — Louis B. Cobb, Isaac Bird; coun- cilmen — Hampton O. Marsh, Silas D. Cory, Victor Fleury, Sherwood S. Atno, Oswald J. Burnett; clerk and treasurer, James V. Bentley. Council of 1867. — Mayor, George T; Cobb; recorder, 164 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Theodore Ayers; aldermen — Louis B. Cobb, Jeremiah F. Donaldson ; councilmen — HamptonO. Marsh, Silas D.Cory. Council of 1868. — Mayor, George T. Cobb; recorder, Theodore Ayers; aldermen — Jeremiah F. Donaldson, Lewis D. Bunn; councilmen — Oswald J. Burnett, Joseph W. Babbitt, Victor Fleury; clerk and treasurer, James V. Bentley. Council of xZdcj. — Mayor, George T.Cobb; recorder, Theodore Ayers; aldermen — Lewis D. Bunn, Oswald J. Burnett; councilmen — Sidney W. Stalter, William A. Halsted, Henry M. Dalrymple, Charles J. Pierson, Isaac G. Arnold; clerk and treasurer, James V. Bentley. Council of iZto. — Mayor, Samuel S. Halsey; recorder, Theodore Ayers; aldermen — Oswald J. Burnett, Richard Speer; councilmen — Henry M. Dalrymple, Charles J. Pierson, William Y. Sayre, Benjamin O. Canfield, George H. Ross; clerk and treasurer, James Y. Bentley. Council of 1871. — Mayor, Samuel S. Halsey; recorder, Henry W. Miller; aldermen, Richard Speer, William L. King; councilmen — William Y. Sayre, Benjamin O. Can- field, George H. Ross, Eugene Troxell, Erastus D. Allen; clerk and treasurer, Francis R. Atno; from July 18th 187 1 — Sidney W. Stalter, Elias T. Armstrong, William A. Halsted; clerk and treasurer, James V. Bentley. Council of 1872. — Mayor, Joseph W. Ballentine; re- corder, Henry W. Miller; aldermen — William L. King, William C. Caskey; councilmen — Eugene Troxell, Eras- tus D. Allen, Edward E. Pierson, Silas Norris, James Anderson; clerk and treasurer, Francis R. Atno. Council of 1873. — Mayor, Joseph W. Ballentine; re- corder, Henry W. Miller; aldermen, William C. Caskey, James P. Sullivan; councilmen — Edward E. Pierson, Silas Norris, James Anderson, John D. Guerin, William W. Fairchild; clerk and treasurer, Edward C. Lyon from June 2nd 1873. Council of 1874. — Mayor, Alfred Mills; recorder, Henry W.Miller; aldermen — James P. Sullivan, John Bird; councilmen — John D. Guerin, William W. Fair- child, William R. McKay, George L. Hull, James S. Adams; clerk and treasurer, John D. Canfield from June 5th 1874. Coiincil of \?>i^. — Mayor, Alfred Mills; recorder, John E. Taylor; aldermen — John Bird, Philip H. Hoffman; councilmen — William R. McKay, George L. Hull, James S. Adams, Isaac G. Arnold, Thomas B. Pierson; clerk and treasurer, John D. Canfield. Council of 1876. — Mayor, Theodore Ayers; recorder, John E. Taylor; aldermen, Philip H. Hoffman, James V. Bentley; councilmen — Isaac G. Arnold, Thomas B. Pier- son, Charles E. Noble, Charles H. Dalrymple, J. Searing Johnson; clerk and treasurer, John D. Canfield. Council of 1877. — Mayor, Theodore Ayers; recorder, George L. Hull; aldermen — James V. Bentley, Julius A. Drake; councilmen — John B. Bryam, Charles H. Dal- rymple, J. Searing Johnson, William R. McKay, Charles E. Noble; clerk and treasurer, John D. Canfield. Council of \%']?>. — Mayor, Theodore Ayers; recorder, George L. Hull; aldermen — Julius A. Drake, Daniel H. Leek; councilmen — John B. Bryam, James W. Carrell, William R. McKay, Thomas B. Pierson, Louis A. Vogt; clerk and treasurer, John D. Canfield. Council of 1879. — Mayor, Theodore Ayers; recorder, James P. Sullivan; aldermen — L. Dayton Babbitt, Daniel H. Leek; councilmen — James N. Coriell, William W. Fairchild, John Hone jr., Thomas B. Pierson, Louis A. Vogt; clerk and treasurer, Edward C. Lyon. C"(7Z<««7i2/ 1880.— Mayor, Henry W. Miller; recorder, James P. Sullivan; aldermen — L. Dayton Babbitt, George W. Colles; councilmen — James N. Coriell, John Hone jr., John Thatcher, Collins Weir, Joseph York; clerk and treasurer, Charles H. Green. Council of 1881.— Mayor, Henry W. Miller; recorder, Richard M. Stites; aldermen — John C. Beatty, George W. Colles; councilmen— Charles McCullum, John Thatch- er, George W. Vreeland, Collins Weir, Joseph York; clerk and treasurer, Charles H. Green. City Officers for 1881. — Manning Johnson, assessor; Charles H. Mulford, collector; David L. Pierson, street commissioner; J. Frank Johnson, city surveyor; Wil- liam J. Easton, police justice; Thomas Malley, marshal; Arthur Hoops, first assistant marshal; Edward White- head, second assistant marshal. The health board of the city consists of the mayor, one alderman, and one common councilman. The city clerk acts as clerk of the board. The marshal's duties include those of health inspector. The board appoints a health physician, who attends to the needs of the indigent. The salary of this office is $300 per year. It is now filled by James C. Lindsley, M. D. From the annual report of the controller of the treas- ury of the State for the year ending October 31st 1880 we append the financial condition of the township and city : Morris Township. — Rate of tax for State school pur- poses, thirty-four cents per $100 ; rate of tax for county and township purposes, twenty cents per $100 ; road, fourteen cents on $100 ; dogs, forty cents per capita ; amount of tax ordered to be raised, $37,707.80 ; annual expenses of repairing roads, $7,000; poor, $300; coun- sel's salary, f 100 ; elections, $288 ; commissioners of ap- peal $45, besides incidental expenses arising as occasion requires, including printing, room for committee meet- ings, etc. City of Morristown. — Amount of funded debt, $12,- 000, at 7 per cent., contracted for the establishment of the fire department. Falls due, $1,000 in 1881, and $r,ooo each succeeding year until paid. Rate of tax for local purposes, twenty-seven cents on $100 ; amount of tax ordered to be raised, $13,041. In addition to the above the corporation of Morristown receives 66 per cent, of the- road tax raised in Morris township, amounting in 1880 to $4,620, and five-sixths of the poor tax raised in said township, amounting in 1880 to $250. The annual expense of police is $1,690 ; board of health, $850 ; interest on fire bonds, $940 ; discounts, $300 ; street lamps, $2,506.50 ; fire department, $2,766 ; streets, $6,858.50 ; miscellaneous, $2,100 ; total annual expense, $18,011. PROMINENT INSTITUTIONS. THE MINARD HOME. The late Abel Minard of Morristown, in the year 1870 gave to the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States a valuable property for the purpose of affording a christian home for: — 1. "The female children of foreign missionaries of the M. E. Church so long during their minority as their parents may be engaged in their work as such mission- aries." 2. " Female orphans and half orphans who are chil- dren of ministers of said church." 3. "Such other female orphans or half orphans as the trustees may designate." The property consists of a handsome and commodious brick building, in every way adapted to the purposes for THE MINARD HOME, MORRISTOWN— STATE LUNATIC ASYLUM. 165 which it has been erected. The rooms are all pleasant and airy, heated by steam, supplied with hot and cold water and wellfurnished. The property is valued at about |6o,ooo. The Minard Home is not an orphanage, asylum or charity school, but a home, where all who are received are recognized as members of the family of the missionary in charge. The children of missionaries, by the condi- tions of the donation, are entitled to its advantages first, and the other classes afterward in their order; the trustees have decided, however, to admit the first two classes only to the privileges of the institution. The de- sign is to make the Home all mistionaries can desire when they are seeking the best place to leave their daughters while they are absent from them. The institution has been incorporated by the Legisla- ture under the corporate name of the " The Minard Home of Morristown," and is free from taxation of a sum not exceeding f 100,000. Its management is vested in a board of eighteen trustees, who are appointed quad- rennially by the General Conference of the M. E. Church. The Home is situated on South street, below Madison avenue, and is capable of accommodating twenty-five wards. LUNATIC ASYLUM. The " State Asylum for the Insane at Morristown " is located about three miles and a half north from the city, in the township of Hanover, on a tract of land four hun- dred and fifty acres in extent. It is a massive structure in lineal form, built of gneiss, of a light gray color, resembling granite in solidity and texture. It was erected by the State, under the direction of commis- sioners appointed for the purpose, and cost, including the lands, etc., about two and a half million dollars. Work on the building was commenced in the spring of 1872, and the building was opened for the admission of patients, quite complete, on the 17th of August 1876. The structure consists of a central edifice, six stories high, and four principal wings on either side, four stories high, with two at each extremity, two stories high. The latter form, with the fourth wings (which are at right angles with the first three), hollow squares, and are used for the more excited and irregular class of patients, of each sex. The capacity of the building is for eight hundred pa- tients, together with the resident officers, attendants and assistants, most of whom reside within it constantly. The building is formed to so large an extent of incom- bustible materials that it is practically fire-proof. This result is secured by the use of stone and brick in the outer and inner walls, and iron floor beams, filled be- tween with brick arches; while the roofs and stairs are constructed of slate, with ridges, gutters, hips, valleys and conductors of copper. Considering the great size of the building, about twelve hundred and fifty feet long in a direct line; the durable character of the materials of which it is composed, and the careful workmanship throughout, it may be truly said that it has few equals and_perhaps no superiors. The center, or administrative building;, contains rooms for public offices, for the accommodation of resident officers, a chapel, an amusement room, kitchens, etc. The apartments, passages, fixtures, etc., common to the various wings are as follows: Central corridors, with rooms on either side; two flights of stairs of slate near each extremity, front and rear; bedrooms for patients and attendants; dining rooms with china closets and dumb waiters; a sitting room, bath and closet rooms; standpipes for water, with outlets for attaching hose, to be used in case of fire and for other purposes. The building furnishes arrangements for sixteen full and twenty partial subdivisions of each sex, which are ample for the classification of inmates. The water supply is from springs on the hillside, one hundred and ten feet above the foundation of the build- ing, where are located storage reservoirs, with a capacity of six million gallons. The house is lighted by coal gas, made on the premises, and warmed by steam fixtures of approved arrangement and construction, the fuel for which is delivered directly into coal vaults at the boiler- house from cars brought over a spur of road connecting with the main line at Morris Plains station. Other and important auxiliary arrangements, buildings, fixtures and machinery exist and are in successful operation. Among the most important of these is the boiler-house, with eight boilers for supplying steam for all purposes — power, warming the building, cooking, ventiliation, &c.; a laun- dry with all its departments; shops for wood, iron and other work; also a mechanical bakery, with adapted fix- tures and machinery for making aerated or unfermented bread. It may be added in regard to the arrangements for the latter object, that, so far as is known, bread-making by this process has been done in no institution except the State asylums of New Jersey. This is deemed a remark- able circumstance, and particularly as it is quite certain that bread made by this method is more wholesome, cleanly and economical than any other. As before stated, the building is warmed by steam throughout, the radiating surfaces being placed in the cellar stories of the corridors of the center and wings, the warm air in winter and the cool air in summer passing over and through them, to flues in the corridor walls, and thence to all parts of the building above. The ventila- tion is accomplished by the aid of force and exhaust power; the former being supplied by two fans, driven by engines which are duplicated, and the latter is effected by the aid of two upright shafts in each wing, heated by steam coils. The course of the foul air, in its passage outward, is through flues in the outer walls, the direction from the rooms being downward, through openings near the floor, to horizontal trunks in the cellar that deliver the air at the bottom of the aforesaid heated shafts. Samuel Sloan of Philadelphia was the architect of the building. General Fitz John Porter, of Morristown, was superintendent until his appointment in New York city as commissioner of public works in March 1875. He was succeeded by S. H. Moore, of Newark, who died 1 66 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. after holding the office a few months. R: S. Johnson was contractor for masonry and. plastering. Meeker & Hedden, of Newark, superintended the carpenter work. The general government of the institution is vested in a board of managers, appointed by the governor and Senate; while the daily administration of its affairs, in- ternal and external, is confided by the managers to a medical superintendent, aided by medical assistants, steward, matron and treasurer, all but the last being resi- dents of the house. The following are the managers of the asylum: Francis S. Lathrop, Madison, president; Beach Vanderpool, Newark; Anthony Reckless, Red Bank; George A. Halsey, Newark; William G. Lathrop, Boon ton; John S. Read, Camden; Joseph D. Bedle, Jersey City; Samuel S. Clark, M. D. Belvidere; Hiram C. Clark, Newton, sec- retary. The resident officers are as follows: Superintendent and physician, H. A. Buttolph, M. D. LL. D; asistant physician, Edwin E. Smith, M. D.; second assistant physician, Thomas M. Lloyd, M. D.; steward, Martin B. Monroe; matron. Miss Mary Tabor. From the. fifth annual report to the governor of the State, dated November ist 1880, we gain the following additional items of interest : There were in the asylum during the year 687 patients — 335 males and 352 females; total number of patients October 31st 1880, 586, of whom 94 were private. From the opening of the asylum, August 17th 1876, to the date of the report 999 received treatment — 493 males arid 506 females; 130 had died in the asylum, 35 during the year reported. The pro- ducts of the farm, garden, dairy, and stock-yard amounted in the year to over $10,000. Total receipts for the year, $142,776.25. Total expenditure, $137,892 67. THE soldiers' MONUMENT stands on the corner of the " Green " facing the First Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal churches. It was "erected by the people of Morris county to perpetuate the memory of her soldiers and sailors who fell during the great civil war." This monument is an elegant one of Quincy granite, fifty feet high. It is surmounted by the figure of a " soldier boy at rest,'' eight feet high. On the shaft are inscribed the names of the battles in which the New Jersey troops fought. Around the die are, be- sides the inscription quoted above, '' A grateful country mourns the loss of those who fell in her defense," and " Their memory shall never fade who fall in defense of a just cause." The monument was unveiled in the pres- ence of the governor and other dignitaries of the State, July 4th 187 1. Its entire weight is about one hundrecl tons and it cost $15,000. It has been admired by all ■who have seen it, and reflects credit on the patriotism of the people of the county. The designer and builder is H. H. Davis, of Morristowri. FORT NONSENSE. The hill known as Mount Washington, or Kimball Mountain, ends abrubtly-in Morristown, back of the court-house, with what is called Fort Nonsense. There are still signs of work having been done here as if in prep- aration of some kind of a defense. There are two ac- counts given of this fort : one is that Washington de- signed to plant cannon there, with which to command the entrances of the town in case of an attack from the enemy ; the other and more probable account is that Washington, finding his troops needed exercise, both for purposes of health and military subordination, set them to work at this fortification, as if it were a matter of the utmost importance in defending the stores, the people, and the army itself. Having answered its design, tradi- tion says, Washington asked one of his friends what the useless fort should be named; the reply was, " Let it be called Fort Nonsense." Fort Nonsense is a pleasant, cool, shady retreat in sum- mer. The view from the summit is a very fine one. East, west, north and south a panorama is spread out before the eye; hill, valley, winding stream, solitary farm house, little villages, with here and there a modest spire — all this, diversified and never ending, forms a scene on which the eye may feast hours at a time. On a clear day, with a good glass, Staten Island and other places in the vicin- ity of New York can be seen from it. VSrASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. We acknowledge indebtedness to an address delivered by ex-Governor Randolph at the formal opening of the Headquarters, July 5th 1875; and also to Rev. J. F. Tuttle's paper on "Washington at Morristown," for our account of this famous house. This grand old historic building lies on a gentle eleva- tion half a mile east of the Green, from whence it can be plainly seen, and in full view as you approach the town by railroad. Morris avenue (Whippany road) and Wash- ington avenue (branch of the Madison road) unite before the house and form Morris street, one of the five thoroughfares which branch out from the Green as do spokes from a wheel. Nearly opposite the Headquarters on Washington avenue is the noble mansion of Henry W. Ford, a lineal descendant of " Jacob Ford jr." During the summer of 1873 this property, so long and widely known from its historic connections, was offered for sale in order to settle the estate of the late Henry A. Ford, cf Morristown, who had been its owner. A few gentlemen present at the sale, headed by ex-Governor and U. S. Senator Randolph of Morristown, concluded to purchase it; and having done so formed an asso- ciation known as the " Washington Association of New Jersey," the principal object of which is to perpetuate this house with its great historic associa- tions. The Legislature of New Jersey granted the association a very liberal charter; among its pro- visions are total exemption of the property from tax- ation; prohibition to the erection of any unsightly object adjacent thereto; police powers upon or near the grounds and the semi-annual payment from the .State treasury of the sum of $1,250 to keep the Headqijarters in repair and open to the public. . The. capital stock- is limited to WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS, MORRISTOWN. 167 $50,000. This stock is transferable only with the consent of the association, and then only to a male descendant of the holder. If no such descendant claims it within five years after the death of a holder the stock becomes the property of the State. As you approach the Headquarters you are forcibly struck with the beauty of its position. The stars and stripes float proudly from the flagstaff on the roof; the terraced lawn in front is studded with trees and orna- mented with pieces of brass cannon, the property of the State. " It rarely happens that art, nature and circum- stance combine in elements of attractiveness. .To this place belongs the infrequent fortune of blending much that is interesting in art, more that is charming in natural scenery, and most that is stirring in circumstance." This house had its foundations laid in 1772 and was occupied by the Ford family in 1774. They builded well; sledge and hammer and trowel shaped and placed these broad foundation stones before England's king had ceased to rule the land. Axe and adze hewed out gir- der and beam from massive oak, that yet defies the storms of a century. The oaken planks that make the outer walls, caulked like the hull of some great frigate, are as sound as when they sheltered Washington from the terrible storms of 1779-80. They builded well ! The carved work about the doors and the beautiful cornices are rare specimens of elegance in woodwork; it would be difficult to excel their chaste design to-day. The same oaken doors open to you which opened to Washington; the massive knocker his hand was wont to touch yet waits obedient to your wish. Raise that knocker; the doors are opened, and now the floor he trod with anxious thought and weary brain you tread ! On entering one naturally thinks, "What a wide hall! " This hall runs directly through the building; it is fur- nished with furniture of one hundred years ago, but con- tains no articles of special interest. The front room on the right is the association room, and is interesting only from having been Washington's reception room. The front room on the left contains the more interesting relics. Herein the center is a round table, of plain oak, which was Washington's reception room table. On one side is his secretary, with its secret drawers; near it is a plain little table — his dispatch table; in another corner is the old sideboard, from the dining-room, in its day, un- doubtedly, an elegant piece of furniture. There is the plain but substantial old camp chest left here by Wash- ington, and two straight-backed chairs with sheepskin- covered bottoms — his reception chairs. On the walls are revolutionary portraits and engravings, among others a portrait of Paul Revere, and with it his commission in the British army, the property of General Joseph W. Re- vere, of Morristown. There was also here when we vis- ited it a " seedling magnolia grandiflora, from a tree planted by General Washington with his own hands at Mount Vernon." Take this old chair which Washington once used, and seat yourself by this old secretary at which he often wrote; or take this plain little table — a favorite with Washington that winter — on which he is said to have written many of those noble letters which issued from Morristown that winter; look at the very ink spots on that table, said to have been left by him, and then read carefully the letters which he wrote in this house; let your imagination bring back the past — not only Wash- ington, but his dignified wife, the brilliant Alexander Hamilton, the recreant Quaker but magnificent soldier Nathaniel Greene, the stern Steuben, the polished Kos- ciusko, the accomplished Stirling, the noble Knox, and perhaps, as an occasional visitor, Benedict Arnold, a satan in paradise — and you have the materials with which to start your emotions, however lethargic they may be. Having recovered, proceed on your tour of inspection. In the rear left room you will find shov/ cases filled with old books, old documents, old newspapers, &c. Here is the first telegraph instrument, presented by Mrs. Stephen Vail; shoes of 1776; old continental and colonial cur- rency; several old swords used in the Revolution, mus- kets captured at Trenton and Princeton; " soldier's water bottle," a small tub-shaped vessel, capable of holding about two quarts; Washington's mail bag, resembling those of the present, but open on the side instead of the end; antique furniture. In the room opposite this are more show cases and more old documents; here we find "Mrs. Alexander Hamilton's tea caddy" and a pair of General Putnam's pistols, with case and ammunition pouch; numerous Indian relics, continental currency and coins, and a copy of the laws passed by the Legislature in 1800. As you go up stairs you enter a room to your left, in the rear; here are old furniture, old spinning wheels, &c., with no particular interest except their age. The hall is the counterpart of the one down stairs; here are an ancient clock used in the house in Washington's time • two of his office chairs, and much other old furniture. The most interesting room on this floor is the front one on the southeast side of the hall, which was Washington's bedroom ; here over the fire place hangs a large gilt- framed mirror used by Washington; here is his dressing bureau and washstand ; also " Lady Washington's mir- ror" — much smaller than the general's — and her dressing table, all very plain. In the room in the rear of this is old furniture; opposite in the room in front is a piece of the carpet which was in Washington's bedroom that winter; here is more antique furniture, some of it very fine. If you desire to go up into the attic you can see that "the century has wrought no change in rafter or beam, or floor or sheltering oak." All appear good for centuries to come. From the roof, which is reached through a scuttle, the view is very fine, taking in the mountains to the north and west, the new asylum and other points of interest. i68 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. BIOGRAPHICAL. Hon. Theodore F. Randolph. The New Jersey Randolphs — or Fitz-Randolphs as they once wrote themselves — came to Middlesex county> New Jersey, from Barnstable, Mass., in 1630, to which place they emigrated from Nottinghamshire, England, in 1622. They were of the emigrants who left England for " conscience sake " — a portion of the name landing at Massachusetts Bay and another portion in Virginia, dur- ing the years from 162 1 to 1630. The Randolphs of England have had a prominent place in English history from early in the tenth century, as have those of Scotland — from whom " the Bruce " was descended — in Scottish history. All of the American Randolphs are from English and Scottish stock, and all are directly descended from the "adventurers" who, sailing from England in 1621-30, landed in Massachusetts or Virginia. Most of those who thus came, and who had Scotch blood in them, wrote their name Fitz-Randolph, while those of unmixed Eng- lish blood retained the simple name of Randolph. Theodore F. Randolph, the subject of this sketch, was born at New Brunswick, N. J., June 24th 1826. His father, James F. Randolph, was for forty years editor of the Fredonian, and was its founder. He also filled many ofifices of public trust, among them being that of a repre- sentative in Congress from 1824 to 1830 The mother of Theodore was the daughter of Phiness Carman, and his grandparents were active revolutionists during the war for independence. Theodore F. Randolph was educated at Rutgers gram- mar school, New Brunswick; entered upon mercantile life at 16 years of age, and spent the succeeding ten years as a clerk, accountant, and principal in business, mostly in Southern States. During his school days he partly learned, in spare hours, to be a printer, and was also given a subordinate position in editorial work. In 1852, at Vicksburg, Miss., Mr. Randolph married a daughter of Hon. N. D. Coleman, a member of Congress from the Maysville district, Ky. The succeeding year he moved to Easton, Pa., and immediately thereafter to Jersey City — engaging in the business of mining coal and transporting iron and ores. In 1859 Mr. Randolph was elected from the ist district of Jersey City to the House of Assembly of the State Legislature. By his party friends he was tendered the speakership of the House at this session, and declined it. The session of 1859-60 was the one immediately preceding the outbreak of the civil war. As a "war Democrat" Mr. Randolph was put on many important committees — among them the committee on Federal Relations, which reported at his suggestion the bill ap- pointing commissioners to the peace congress of 1861. The commission was strictly non-partisan, and included the leading statesmen of both political parties in New Jersey. Mr. Randolph was also a member of the special or war session of 1861. It convened April 30th. On the ist of May he introduced and had passed the first bill giv- ing relief to families of volunteers. He also suggested and advocated many of the principal appropriation bills during this session. In October i86r Mr. Randolph was elected from the county of Hudson to the Senate of the State to fill a vacancy, and thereafter was mainly in charge of legisla- tion connected with federal affairs during the session of 1861-2. In August 1862 he was appointed by Governor Olden the commissioner of draft for Jersey City and Hudson county. This office he held till the close of the year, sending forward — as volunteers, however — several thousand men. In November 1862 Mr. Randolph was re-elected to the Senate of New Jersey for three years, receiving 6,300 of the 6,400 votes cast. During this term beginning with 1863 he was chairman and a member of the committees on Finance, Federal Relations, Taxation, etc. He began during this term the advocacy of a more equitable system of taxation between corporations and the people, resulting somewhat later in powerful antagonisms to him. He also led the opposi- tion to a scheme by which the State was to be burdened with nearly $10,000,000 of local bounties; and intro- duced and had passed the first relief bill which extended equal benefits and bounties to white and colored volunteers. The office of State controller was created in 1865, at Mr. Randolph's suggestion, the bills of the State, amount- ing to many millions of dollars since the war had opened, suggesting this additional safeguard. The creation of this office is said to have saved half a million of dollars to the State during the first few years of its existence. In 1867 Mr. Randolph was elected president of the Morris and Essex Railroad Company, resigning the position, however, in 1869 upon his election as governor. During his presidency there was completed the main line across the State to Pennsylvania; a branch road built to Chester; an extension made of the Montclair branch and the Boonton division branch, and the whole line was opened to the coal and iron trade, nearly doub- Hng in eighteen months the gross tonnage of the com- pany and its money receipts, and advancing its securities largely. He then negotiated the existing lease, by which the Morris and Essex stockholders and bondholders are guaranteed in perpetuity 7 per cent, upon par values. In January 1869 Mr. Randolph was sworn in office as governor of New Jersey. His term of office— three years — was filled with unusual affairs, and they can only be rapidly alluded to. His first message— at once after his inaugural— was aimed at the abolition of the so-called Camden and Araboy monopoly, which had substantially controlled State affairs during the previous thirty years. At the outset of his administration a law was put in force which forever abolished the " transit duties " on passengers and freight across New Jersey, and substan- tially concluded the hated railway monopoly agreement with the State. The State public treasury, moreover was largely benefited under the operation of the new law. An effort — powerfully backed — was made in 1869 to " bond " certain cities and townships of the State, osten- GOVERNOR RANDOLPH'S ADMINISTRATION. 169 sibly to aid in railway construction. Some favorable legislation had been obtained under a preceding admin- istration, and the scheme presented in 1869 was most specious and attractive as well as dangerous. After a severe contest and several vetoes all these measures, involving many millions, were finally defeated by the governor. During 1869 Governor Randolph advocated and ap- pointed the first " Riparian Commission." The labors -of this body have given an income to the State of over .$3,000,000. In 1870 he urged the passage of a system of general laws by which all special legislation should be avoided. This system was finally adopted by the State. The more noted recommendation of Governor Ran- •dolph during 1870 was that which was contained in the annual and in special messages to the Legislature touch- ng the taxation of corporations. In these he urged that corporate capital, being the possessor of special privi- leges, was peculiarly the subject of taxation. These messages gave rise to much controversy. During this period the Legislature gave authority to the governor to appoint a commission to remodel the ■State-house, and he was the president of that coramis- -sion, which began and completed the work. The State prison inmates had been a source of large cost to the treasury for many years prior to this adminis- tration. The shops were enlarged, the business carried ■on in them reformed, and during this gubernatorial term & saving to the State of more than $100,000 was effected. A disturbance known as the Bergen Riot occurred -during 1870. Large bodies of meruwere opposing each other and hundreds of trains were delayed. The riot, was quelled by the governor without serious injury to any one, and the conflicting railway companies were •brought into court to settle their difficulties. The legislative session of 187: was a noted one, principally on account of the passage of "an act to reorganize the government of Jersey City." The act was vetoed by Governor Randolph in a inessage of unusual severity. It was finally passed by a strict partisan majority over the veto. Within sixteen months its principal advocate was in State prison, and Jersey City has ever since been oppressed by wrongs which that charter made possible. The "' election bribe- ry law," which was most effectively enforced in every •county of the State by Governor Randolph, was written by him and urged upon and passed by the Legislature •during this session. Of other public acts of this period the most memor- able one, perhaps, is that known as the " Orange Proc- lamation." It was occasioned by the decision of a body of ■Orangemen to parade in Jersey City on their anniversary <3ay (July 12th), which action was promptly met by others' purposing to prevent the parade. A highly excited con- -dition of affairs in New York city aggravated, no doubt, the contending parties in New Jersey. Large bodies of men were known to be gathering for unfriendly purposes, and^ Governor Randolph, acting upon established inform- ation, finally issued the so-called "Orange Proclama- •tion." It asserted the right of peaceful assemblage by citizens, irrespective of nationality, creed or religion. It warned all people against interference with such right. It commanded all officers to enforce the laws, and, though closing with a rebuke to the Orangemen for re- viving an unnecessary religious and political feud, of no general interest to Americans, it assured the people that the right of assemblage would be asserted and protected " at any cost." The proclamation was followed by an order for State troops, to the number of 3,000. The laws were enforced. No serious injury came to any per- son in New Jersey, although, from causes the same and occurring at the same hours, on the New York side of the Hudson many lives were unfortunately lost. Upon the recommendation of Governor Randolph the Legislature during 1869 gave authority for the purchase, with the governor's approval, of a site for a new lunatic asylum. He approved of the site near Morris Plains, ap- pointed the commissioners to prepare plans and begin the work, and took an earnest and active part in the construc- tion of the great edifice, till its completion and occupancy. The great fire at Chicago occurred during Mr. Ran- dolph's administration, and he promptly issued a procla- mation, which was responded to so promptly and gener- ously by the people of New Jersey that car loads of clothing and provisions, and thousands of dollars, were en route to Chicago before the flames were subdued. An interesting and novel case occurred toward the close of the administration. The chancellor summoned Governor Randolph to appear before him in court to answer touching the executive action on a certain Legis- lative bill, which it was claimed should have been filed with the State department, and thus become law. The governor denied the power of the chancellor to inquire into executive action or non-action; a long controversy occurred, the governor maintaining throughout that the executive was amenable alone — as to his official acts — to the Legislature. In 1875 Mr. Randolph was elected to the Senate of the United States, in which he served the term of six years. Much of this time he was chairman of the Military Com- mittee, and all the time was a member of the Committee on Commerce. He was on various other committees, as those of Education, Civil Service Reform, and the Cen- tennial Exhibition, and was also of the special Senate committee appointed to examine the political frauds in South Carolina. His speeches — not many in number — were upon the Count of the Electoral Vote, the Centen- nial Exhibition, the Bi-Metallic question and other finan- cial ones, the case of General Fitz John Porter, the Use of Troops at Polling Places, etc. They are of recent history and therefore do not need special reference. The speech upon Mono-Metallism had an especially large pub- lication and circulation. Mr. Randolph has filled other positions not herein enu- merated, as, a delegate to national and State conventions; chairman of the Executive National Democratic Com- mittee; president of the Washington Headquarters Asso- ciation, of which he is one of the founders; trustee of Rutgers College and other institutions; and director of many corporations and institutions of which no record has been given us. lyo HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. AuRELius B. Hull. This gentleman descends from one of the oldest fimii- lies in New England. The first of the name of whom there is any record was a physician living in England; a son of whom emigrated and settled in New Haven, Conn., soon after the settlement of that colony. One of his descendants afterward settled in Derby, Conn. The latter had seven sons. One of these, Captain Miles Hull, was great-great-grandfather to Aurelius B. He located at Cheshire, Conn., and raised his family there. His son Miles was a captain of Connecticut militia in the Revo- lutionary war. " He was much esteemed by officers and men, and in private life was highly respected for his sound judgment and excellent character." Dr. Amzi Hull, son of the latter, was born in Cheshire, about 1762. He was proficient in the science of medi- cine, and during his short practice acquired eminence in his profession. He died October 3d 1795, in Woodbridge, Conn. His wife, Mary Ann, was a daughter of James Kasson. She received her education under the instruc- tion of Dr. Belamy, a celebrated divine and minister in her native place, Bethlehem, Conn. To this worthy couple were born five children, one of whom, Aroetius Bevil Hull, father of Aurelius B., was born in Woodbridge, Conn., October 12th 1788. He was graduated from Yale College in 1807; subsequently taught the Wethersfield Academy; then on account of his health went to South Carolina, and afterward to Wash- ington, D. C, teaching in the families of Colonel Fish- burne and Albert Gallatin. Returning to New Haven he was tutor at Yale from 1810 to 1816. He was licensed to preach in October 1816. May 5th 1817 he married Abigail Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph and Aurelia (Mills) Darling, of New Haven. Mrs. Hull's great-grandfather was an officer under General Wolfe, in the French and Indian war. After his marriage Mr. Hull preached in Brookfield and other places about four years. On the 23d of May 1821 he was installed pastor of Old South Church, Worcester, Mass., and for five years, to the time of his death, was its able and honored minister. He died May 17th 1826. His wife survived him many years. She died in Brooklyn, at the residence of her son Aurelius B, Hull, January 9th i860. Of six children only two are now living, viz.: the Rev. Joseph D. Hull, now residing in West Hartford, Conn.; and Aurelius B. Hull, the subject of this sketch. The latter was born in New Haven, Conn., November ist 1819. He was educated, with a view to entering Yale College, at the high school in New Haven, the academies of New Canaan and Farmington, Conn., and the Washington Institute, New York city. The confine- ment of study not agreeing' with his state of health he decided to turn his attention to some active employment, and through the influence of General Heard, of Worces- ter, he secured a position in the store of Daniel Hoi- brook, at Westboro, Mass. This engagement soon term- inated by the death of Mr. Holbrook and consequent closing up of the business. In 1835 he went to New York city, where he obtained a situation in the East India house of josiah Dow & Co., 157 Pearl street. In 1837 he determined to try his fortune in the west. After visit- ing Sandusky, O., he went to Pittsburg, and while there he fell in with William K. Strong, of the firm of Tonnele & Hall, of New York city. He had brought there large quantities of woolen manufactured goods, with a view to disposing of them in the western markets. An arrange- ment was made with Mr. Hull to take invoices of these goods for disposal in the markets of Louisville and St. Louis. This venture was carried out to the entire satis- faction of his employer. Returning to Pittsburg he secured a clerkship in the commission house of Atwood, Jones & Co., and in 1841^ under the patronage of this firm, he opened in his owrk name a commission house in Louisville, Ky. This bus- iness was eventually given up for the purpose of entering the employ of B. A. Fahnestock & Co., wholesale drug- gists, of Pittsburg. After a series of successful trips ii> the interest of this firm, in different parts of the United States, Canada and the eastern provinces, it was decided to establish a branch house in the city of New York, and Mr. Hull became its sole manager March 25th 1843. At first only a commission business was done, but in 1844 it was decided to open a wholesale drug house at No. 4^ John street, corner of Dutch street. In 1852 it was moved to 51 Cliff street. A branch house was also es- tablished in Philadelphia. During the twenty-two years of Mr. Hull's partner- ship with this house the business was conducted under the following firm names: B. A. Fahnestock & Co., B. A. Fahnestock, Hull & Co., Fahnestock, Hull & Co., B. A. Fahnestock's Son & Co. They always ranked among: the most successful and extensive firms in their line in. the country. Of the consolidated firm of 1857 Mr. Hull is the sole survivor. In 1865 he sold his interest and withdrew from active business. In the years 1849 and 1850, for the purpose of recruit- ing his health, he took an extended tour, visiting the principal countries of Europe. Though withdrawn since 1865 from active participation in business, Mr. Hull, by his official connection with a number of prominent organizations, has been kept sufficiently employed to be counted a "busy man." He was one of the corporators- of the Continental Insurance Company, and has ever since its organization been a member of its board of directors. He is a director in the Fidelity and Casualty- Company of New York, the United States Warehouse Company, and the New Jersey Zinc and Iron Com- pany. He is vice-president of the Morris County- Savings Bank, Morristown, and one of the proprietors of the Morris aqueduct of that place. He is also president of the Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company, at Sayre^ Bradford county, Pa. During his business career in New York and up to 1870 Mr. Hull resided in Brooklyn. He then moved to Morristown, where he has since resided. He has been a member of the Presbyterian church since 1836, and at the present time is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Morristown, of which he is- one of the board of trustees and treasurer. He married,. October 2Sth 1843, Sarah Morris, daughter of Rev' James W. and Harriet A. Tucker. Their children were: Mary Amanda, born January 7th 1847, died May 15th 1847; Charles Aurelius, born May 26th 1848, secretary of the Howard Insurance Company, New York city; George Lawrence, born May 8th 1850, died April 29th 1879; Harrie Tucker, born October 25th 1858. ?n>y'-'ou M-tiKiJl ^ Sam D BmrcbsXi Qt ST tME LIFE OF W. L. KlNG. tyi WILLIAM L. KING. William Lewis King was born in Morristown, Morris county, N. J., on the 30th of January 1806, and was the son of Henry and Charlotte Morrell King. He was the ninth of ten children, and is the last survivor of them. His grandfather Frederick King removed to Morristown from Long Island in 1762. Both Frederick and Henry King were well known citizens of Morristown. Fred- erick was the first postmaster at Morristown, and his son Henry succeeded him in the office. The first members of the King family who came to this country settled in Salem, Mass., about the year 1650, whence one branch removed to the east end of Long Island. The homestead at which William L. and all his bro- thers and sisters were born is located about 200 feet east of the present railroad station in Morristown. His bro- thers Jacob M., Frederick, Henry H. and Charles M. King were well known among the business men of this state and of New York. William L. had the advantage of a good English edu- cation, with some instruction in the ancient classics at the old Morris Academy, which was then under the charge of James D. Johnson as principal. In the year 1821 he went to New York city, as clerk for Henry Youngs, who was then keeping a dry goods store in Broadway near Chambers street. He continued with Mr. Youngs until 1824, when he went to Richmond, Va., as clerk for his brother Henry, who was one of the firm of King & Richardson. In 1829, on the removal of King & Rich- ardson to New York, he went with them to the latter city, and remained with them until the dissolution of their firm in 1832. He then entered the office of Naylor & Co., New York, that firm being the American branch of the old mercantile house of Naylor, Vickers & Co., steel manufacturers, of Sheffield, England. In the year 1843 he became American partner of the firm, which was then doing a very extensive business in New York and Boston. This position he occupied, residing in the city of New York and giving close attention to business, until the autumn of 1862, when he withdrew from the firm and retired from active business. In 1828, while living in Richmond, William L. King connected himself with the First Presbyterian church of that city, which was under the pastoral care of Rev. William J. Armstrong. After removing to New York in 1829 he united first with the Spring Street church, of which Rev. Henry G. Ludlow was pastor, and in 1843 connected himself with the Mercer Street Presbyterian church, which was under the pastoral care of Rev. Dr. Skinner. In the year 1852 he took an active part in es- tablishing a " boys' meeting " for wandering street boys. Several of. these " meetings " were about this time estab- lished in the upper part of the city of New York. To the work connected with these meetings Mr. King de- voted a part of each Sabbath for several years. The work thus commenced has grown into the " Children's Aid Society," of which Mr. King was one of the founders, and which is now one of the foremost charities of the city of New York. The great success of this society is mainly due to its indefatigable and devoted secretary and manager, Charles L. Brace. William L. King married Mary Dabney Hallam, daughter of Edward Hallam, of Richmond, Va. They had two children only — Harriet Lincoln King, and Mar-y Virginia King. In the summer of 1861 Mr. King went to Europe with his family, for the benefit of their health. His eldest daughter, Harriet L., died on the 8th of March 1862, at Paris, France. On account of the delicate health of their surviving daughter Mr. and Mrs. King remained in the south of France for several years. In the years 1866 and 1867 Mr. and Mrs. King with their daughter traveled in Italy, Spain and Germany, and they returned home by way of England in the sum- mer of 1867. Mr. King's detention in Eutope during the civil war was very trying to him. He took great interest in the progress of the war and the success of the national gov- ernment, and remitted funds to the Sanitary Commission. In the spring of 1867 he purchased, through the agency of his brother Charles M. King, the old Lewis place in Morris street, Morristown, and moved into it in the autumn of that year; and he has since that time made it his residence. Since his removal to Morristown Mr. King, has taken an active part in all public and benevolent enterprises 24 172 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. there. In 1871 and 1872 he was a member of the com- mon council of Morristown. For a number of years he was a director in the National Iron Bank and the presi- dent of'the Morris County Savings Bank. He is and long has been a trustee of the South Street Presbyterian church of Morristown. He was one of the most active of the founders of the Morristown Library and I>yceura, an account of which appears on another page. He has been its president from the beginning, and has contributed very largely toward the funds raised for erecting the build- ing and carrying through the enterprise. Besides that, he has given a great deal of his time and personal care to the conduct of the institution. At the urgent request of many of his friends his portrait was painted in the spring of 1881 by J. Alden Weir, of New York city, and it now hangs in the reading room. Mr. King's kind and generous spirit and actions have endeared him to all his townsmen, and, indeed, to all who know him. HON. JACOB VANATTA. Hon. Jacob Vanatta was born on the banks of the Musconetcong, near Washington, Warren county, New Jersey, on the 4th day of June 1824. He early devoted all the time he could possibly spare to study and the improvement of his mind. He had always desired to embrace the profession of the law, and in 1845 he entered the law office of Theo- dore Little as a student. He was licensed as an attorney in October 1849, and as counsellor in February 1853. From the very first he had an extended and lucrative practice. He quickly assumed a.leading position, and in a short time became the foremost lawyer in Morris county. There has scarcely been an important case tried in the county since his admission to the bar that he has not been connected with. In ail his cases he was painstaking, and he expended upon them an amount of thought and labor truly wonderful. His practice grew until at the time of his death it was probably the largest in the State. His reputation advanced with his practice, and for years he stood at the head of the New Jersey bar, as an able, faithful, conscientious and untiring advocate and counsel. During the later years of his life Mr. Vanatta's time and services were largely monopolized by the great corporations of the country; he had become the regular counsel of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, the Central Railroad Company, and more or less of many other corporations, and his engage- ments carried him frequently before the highest courts of New York and Pennsylvania and the United States supreme court Mr. Vanatta was always a firm, consistent and un- wavering Democrat. He was the recognized head of the party in his county, and all over the State was for years regarded as one of its ablest men. In 1856 he was a delegate to the national convention that nominated Buchanan. In the memorable struggle of i860 he ad- hered to the fortunes of Stephen A. Douglas, and was chairman of the Douglas State committee; as such he refused. to join the fusion ticket, and thus succeeded in dividing the electoral vote 0/ the State between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas. During the war he followed his chieftain, and was throughout a war Democrat. At the convention which nominated General McClellan for governor he was appointed chairman of the State com- mittee, a position he held at the time of his death. Mr. Vanatta held few public positions; he was a mem- ber of the Houseof Assemblyin the years 1862 and 1863, and in the latter year was a candidate for the nomination for United States senator against the late William Wright; only failing by a vote or two in the Democratic caucus. He was frequently urged to accept gubernatorial or Congressional nominations, but always declined. At dif- ferent times he refused tendered positions on the supreme bench of the State. • He was appointed attorney general by the governor, but after holding the office for about fifteen months was compelled to resign it, because of the imrnense pressure of his private practice. In October 1852 Mr. Vanatta married a daughter of Dr. Aaron Dickerson, of Philadelphia; she was also a niece of General Mahlon Dickerson, General Jackson's secretary of the navy and ex-governor of New Jersey. In private life Mr. Vanatta was kind and obliging; he was a safe and judicious adviser, a faithful and steadfast friend, a good citizen and an honest man. His life was doubtless sacrificed to his unwearied zeal and industry in his profession. At the same time his whole life furnished a remarkable instance of what ability attended with in- dustry and study can accomplish in overcoming adverse circumstances. The malady which occasioned Mr. Vanatta's death was Bright's disease of the kidneys. He died at his res- idence in Morristown, April 30th 1879. The funeral services, held at the First Presbyterian Church, were at- tended by the State officers, judges of the supreme court, and men eminent in every walk of life. Impressive dis-. courses were delivered by the Rev. Rufus S. Green, pas- tor of the church, and the Rev. David Irving, D. D., a former pastor. Resolutions setting forth in fitting terms the high esti- mate in which the deceased was held by his colleagues were passed at meetings of the Essex county and Morris county bars. The addresses of Theodore Little, Hon. Augustus W. Cutler, Alfred Mills, Frederick A. De Mott and James H. Neighbour, delivered at the meeting of the Morris county bar, were most eloquent and touching personal tributes to the eminent worth and character of their late colleague and brother, and a most fitting ex- pression of their personal grief at the loss occasioned by his death. ^S'^M' -fl- ?■<>"' =*=©*- RESIDENCE OF THE LATE HO N , JACOB V/1NATTA,M0RRIST0WN. N J '^"^t z^^ RESIDENCE OF V. B, KING, MAPLE AVE,. MORRISTOWN, N.J. HON. GEORGE VAIL. Hon. George Vail, son of Judge Stephen Vail, was born in Speedwell, Morristown, N.-J., in July 1809. He received his education at the Morristown Academy, sit- uated- where the Library and Lyceum building now stands. Early in life he became interested in the Speed- well iron works, as a partner of his father. The pros- perity and high reputation of these works were due to the energy, diligence and practical knowledge of the bus- iness possessed by father and son. It was at Speedwell that Prof. Morse made his successful experiments in tel- egraphy, through the valuable assistance and suggestion of Judge Vail and his sons George and Alfred. George Vail was for many years an active and influen- tial Democratic leader. He was elected to the Legisla- ture ; twice elected to Congress; was for several years consul at Glasgow, Scotland; and for five years judge of the court of errors and appeals of New Jersey. He was sent as one of the commissioners to the World's Fair in London in 1851. He was also one of the original com- missioners selected to procure a site for the new asylum building. He was a member of Cincinnati Lodge (masonic), of Morristown, and was at one time master of the lodge, and subsequently senior grand warden of the grand lodge of New Jersey. The following, written of him by one who knew him well, gives a just estimate of the general character of Judge Vail: "Although possessed of wealth, which enabled him to gratify the ambition for display so inherent in poor hu- man nature, he was always plain and simple in his habits and tastes. Never, perhaps, did one pride himself less than he on beautiful possessions and surroundings. He loved that others should have them. His house was al- ways open to those who approached him properly. For the poor and needy he had an open heart and an open hand. Not long before his death he contributed a hand- some sum to the disabled ministers of the Presbyterian church, as I was informed, though not by himself. He had a tender and sympathetic nature. This trait re- vealed itself under circumstances that involved consider- able sacrifice of time and labor, as I have good reason to know." Mr. Vail was of splendid physique, and his large, mas- sive and portly person gave promise of many more years of robust life. His quiet, unpretentious disposition was quite in contrast and altogether unlooked for in one of such commanding presence. After several weeks of illness he died at his residence in Speedwell, May 23d 1875. Judge Vail left a wife, and two daughters by a former marriage. The latter are married and re- side in London, England. Mrs. Vail is a resident of Morristown. 176 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. HON. L. B. WARD. Hon. Lebbeus Baldwin Ward was born in Chatham township, Morris county, N. J., April 7th 1801. His grandfather came from Virginia and settled at Morris Plains, Morris county, about the middle of the last cen- tury. His father, Silas Ward, was born there October 19th 1767. He married Phebe, daughter of Lebbeus and Mary (Baldwin) Dod. Her father was a native of New Jersey, and settled in the township of Mendham, Morris county, just before the Revolution. He was attached to the Revolutionary army during the whole war, with the. rank of captain of artillery. A more extended account of this Revolutionary patriot will be found in the history of Mendham township, in another portion of this volume. To Silas and Phebe Ward were born nine children. Of the three sons John Dod and Samuel Shipman (twins), brothers to Lebbeus Baldwin, are deceased. Only three of the sisters are living, viz.: Mrs. Hannah Miller and Elizabeth Caroline, living in Elizabeth City, N. J., and Mrs. Phebe Greene, living in Catskill, N. Y. Silas Ward died October 12th 1862, his wife September 23d 1831, both at Elizabeth City. When Lebbeus B. was nine years of age his father moved from Chatham and settled near Elizabeth, where he carried on a farm, and also engaged in milling. Young Ward received his education in the Adelphi Academy at Elizabeth. At the age of twenty-one he went to Mon- treal, Canada, and became a partner with his brothers John D.and Samuel Shipman Ward, in the manufacture of steam engines for the steamers which were then be- ginning to multiply on the St. Lawrence River and the lakes. The business was a large and prosperous one, and the reliable cliaracter and untiring energies of the broth- ers gave them a large share of it. They were the first to banish liquors completely from their workshops, and were all along warm, consistent and liberal friends of the temperance cause, and indeed of every good cause. The brothers were prominent among those who organized and were for years liberal support- ers of the American Presbyterian church of Montreal. While a resident of the city Mr. Ward was a director in the City Bank, also in the Montreal and St. John Rail- road Company, and became, in order to hold the latter position, as required by the laws of the province, a Brit- ish subject. In 1837 he left Montreal, and during that and the fol- lowing year took an extended tour through England Scotland and most of the countries in Europe. With a view of informing himself in regard to the modes em- ployed for the manufacture of wrought iron, he visited many of the large iron works of England and Scotland, and brought away with him much valuable information upon that subject. Upon his return, in 1839, he settled in New York city, and established his iron works on the Hudson River, at 59th street. He was the first to intro- duce into this country the production of heavy wrought iron work, such as steamboat shafts, cranks, etc. He re- ceived a gold medal from the American Institute, for a " large wrought iron shaft " for an ocean steamer. These works were carried on by him until 1852, when he re- tired from business. Mr. Ward was a member of the Legislature of New York for two sessions. He introduced and secured the passage of the bill incorporating the New York Juvenile Asylum. He was chairman of its building committee and was one of its active managers. In 1858 he was elected one of the police commissioners. He was one of the organizers of and a director in the National Broadway Bank, also in the Importers' and Traders' Bank. He has been a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church for nearly forty years, and for twenty years was a member of the executive committee of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. In 1865 he left New York and trav- eled abroad, making an extended tour of the old country. Upon his return he settled in Morristown, where he has since resided. Here, as elsewhere during his whole life, Mr. Ward has identified himself with all interests which have for their object the betterment of society. He is a member and elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Morristown. Dr. Samuel B. Ward, professor in Albany Medical College, and Willard P. Ward, living in Georgia and owning large interests in iron mines in that State, are his only children. BOONTON By Hon. John L. Kanouse. ^ HIS township was formed from territory set off from Pequannock in 1867, and in area is the smallest in the county. Except in the vicinity of the town of Boonton, and in that part of Rockaway Valley coming within its 3unds, this township has but little arable land. The northern and northeastern sections of it con- sist mostly of rough and hilly wood and pasture land. In the eastern part there is a ridge of rough land called Mine Ridge. The existence of iron ore at this place was known more than a hundred years ago, and some openings were made, which doubtless gave origin to its name. Within the past ten years several mines have been opened along this ridge, and considerable ore taken out, the quality of which is said to be superior. But for some reason the mining of it thus far has not been very profitable, and recently little has been done toward fur- ther developement. On the southern edge of this township, near the mouth of a small brook running into the Rockaway River, is a a ledge of soft gray sandstone containing in its crevices or seams fossil fish. Several explorations for these fos- sils were made many years ago, and some very handsome specimens were obtained. But the greatest effort was made about three years ago by a professor from Colum- bia College, who spent some time and considerable money digging and blasting. His labor was rewarded by obtaining a large number of perfect and very valuable spec- imens. That part representing the fish is a black, hard substance resembling coal, showing the whole form of the fish, with the fins, tail, and soles, very perfectly. When placed on a hot coal fire this black substance burns with a blaze and smoke, emitting an odor like bitumiaous coal. Northeast from and near to the town of Boonton is a large elevation of ground, the highest point of which is said to be nine hundred and forty feet above tide water. Many years ago there stood upon the summit a large chestnut tree, dead, into which it is said some persons climbed about twenty-five-feet and with the aid of a glass plainly saw the ocean at Sandy Hook. It is quite prob- able that, were it not for the intervening of the first mountain rajnge at Montclair, the elevation at this point would be sufficient, by simply standing on the summit, to see, in a clear day, Staten Island and the waters of Newark and New York bays. Standing on this elevated spot on a bright' summer day and with a clear atmos- phere, the view spread before us is truly grand and charming, one that needs only to be seen to be appre- ciated and remembered. It is, as it were, a panorama diversified by mountains, hills and valleys, rivers and rivulets, green pastures with roving cattle, patches of forest and orchard, amid broad cultivated acres, green with growing crops and waving with the golden harvest. Presently we hear the shrill whistle of the tireless loco- motive, as it rapidly approaches from the east with its train of living freight and speeds away toward the far west and the lakes at the north. Then again we hear a heavy rumbling sound, and behold a ponderous loco- motive moving more slowly toward the east, with its train of a hundred cars loaded with coal, destined to feed the almost ceaseless fires of the busy factories and furnaces. Near by we observe the channel of the Mor- ris Canal, its water glittering in the rays of the sun, as we trace it miles away, in the distance appearing like a track of silver through the green fields and amid the hills and valleys in its course to tide water. The scene is not only thus varied, but extended. Looking south the eye reaches across the valley of the Passaic, to the moun- tains in the rear of Orange and Montclair. Looking east we have before us this valley for sixteen miles, to the break in the mountain range at Paterson; and through this break, looking on over the valley of the Hacken- sack, the Palisade mountain range on the west bank of the Hudson is distinctly visible to the naked eye, al- though distant nearly thirty miles. Turning westward, the villages of Whippany, Madison, Chatham, and the Summit are visible in the distance; and still more to the west the eye meets the hilltops in Somerset and Hun- terdon. About fifty years ago the land in this locality was un- inclosed, and used by the neighboring farmers as a pas- ture in common, mostly for sheep, of which large flocks would congregate on that elevated range as their favorite resort. One night a number of dogs made great havoc among them, killing a large number; so that the dead and 25 178 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. mortally wounded were carted home by the wagon-load, for the purpose of saving the pelts. This led to calling the place Sheep Hill, a name which has ever since been retained. By the census of 1870 Boonton township contained a population of 3,432 white and 26 colored; total 3,458. In 1875 the population was 3,535 white and 41 colored; total 3,576. In 1880 the total population was 2,682, showing a decrease of 776 as compared with the year 1870. This falling off was mainly in the town of Boon- ton, and is attributable to the stoppage of the extensive iron industry there since 1876. There is a population of only about 400 in the township, outside the corporate limits of the town of Boonton. The resources, taxes, etc., of the township in 1881 were thus indicatec' by the assessors: Acres, 3,490; valu- ation of real estate, $867,925; personal pro'perty, $130,- 550; debt, $16,650; polls, 515; State school tax, $2,500; county tax, $2,333; bounty tax, $2,418.61; road tax, $r,- 500; poor tax, $150. The Town of Boonton. This town includes within its corporate bounds con- siderable space on the west side of the river, which is in Hanover township; and the total present population of the town itself, including East and West Boonton, may be estimated at fully 2,500. The town is situated on elevated tableland, about five hundred feet above tide water, at a break in the hills through which the Rockaway River flows over a perpen- dicular fall and a succession of rapids, making in half a mile a descent of about one hundred and fifty feet. The river here forms the dividing line between the townships of Boonton and Hanover. The corporate limits of the town embrace considerable territory on the western or Hanover side, but the greater part of the town is on the east- ern side of the river. Its elevated position gives a com- manding view over a region of country from twelve to twenty miles in extent, looking southerly, easterly and westerly. Its pure air, good waters, fine scenery, pleas- ant drives, good roads, and healthful climate render it to many a desirable place of residence. It is ten miles northeast of Morristown, sixteen miles west of Paterson and nineteen miles northwest of Newark, with all of which places it is connected by rail, and with Newark by a good wagon road which for more than half the distance has a Telford pavement. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad passes through here to Hoboken, to which place the distance is 29 miles, and the time by express trains one hour. There are six trains daily go- ing east and six west, all stopping at this place. The ex- press trains between New York and Binghamton and Os- wego go by this route. Notwithstanding the depression following the stoppage of the iron works in 1876, and the loss in the next four years of nearly 800 in population, Boonton is a place of considerable business enterprise. It has seven stores keeping a general stock of merchan- dise; one hardware store, four groceries, two drug, three clothing, three fancy goods and two jewelry stores, three millinery shops, three boot and shoe stores, two bakeries, one news-room and stationery store, one harness manu- factory, one carriage manufactory, one machine shop, four blacksmith shops, three butcher shops, one lumber yard and three coal yards. With a greater diversity of industry, the starting again of a portion of the great iron works, and some reason to believe that the whole will soon be in motion again, this town certainly has a brighter future. Turnpike and Canal Construction. The construction of the Morris Canal had an intimate connection with the start and growth of this place. Prior to 1829 the neighborhood was a quiet spot, with the grass growing in the middle of the roads. The hill where the town stands was then mostly a rocky wil- derness with the exception of one small cleared field just below where the Presbyterian church stands, and another near the corner of Church and Main streets, on which there stood a log house occupied by a family of the name of Fredericks. This spot is marked by some pear trees (probably nearly a hundred years old) still standing near the residence of Jacob Holmes. There was an old road passing through to Rockaway Valley, a rough path and but little used, leading over the hill a little east of the log house of Fredericks and a few rods west of where the Presbyterian church stands; pass- ing on near to and between small tracts which Charles Norway and Christopher Loweree had purchased and settled many years before; and thence, part of the way through a very dense forest called the Dark Woods, out to its junction with the valley road near the residence of Jacob Kanouse sen. In 1823 William Scott, who had just prior to that bought what is known as the Old Boonton tract, at con- siderable expense had a new road opened and graded leading through that tract on the east side of the river, and near to the falls, toward his grist-mill and forge at Powerville; being no 'doubt prompted by a desire to bring into notice the fine water power presented by the fall in the river at this place. At this time the construction of the Erie Canal in the State of New York, which was approaching completion, was awaking great public interest, and thoughtful minds were considering the possibility of constructing a canal connecting Easton, on the Delaware, with tide water at Jersey City, with a view to developing the iron interests of the northern section of this state, and providing a che^ip way of transporting anthracite coal, a new kind of fuel, then beginning to be brought into use. Because of the immense cost, and the great elevations to be over- come, the practicability and financial success of a work of that kind were seriously doubted. Prominent among those in Morris county who took an active interest in this project were George P. McCuUoch, of Morristown, and Colonel John Scott, of Powerville, a brother of William Scott. A charter for a company to build the canal was obtained December 31st 1824, and the work of construction was commenced in July 1825. It was so THE CANAL IN BOONTON— IRON WORKS. 179 far completed in 1830 that the canal may be said to have been opened to Newark in that year, and fully for navigation to that point in 1831, and to Jersey City in 1836. This is the first and probably the only canal where inclined planes have been adopted as a means of transferring boats over great elevations from one level into another. At first the machinery of these planes worked rather imperfectly, at times causing some delay. The ponderous iron chains attached to the cars occa- sionally broke. Such an accident occurred at the inclined plane at Boonton shortly after the opening of the canal for navigation. A boat called the " Electa," of Rockaway, owned by Colonel Joseph Jackson and partly loaded with merchant iron, was on its way to Newark, having on board the captain, his wife and two children. Just as the boat passed the summit the chain broke, and the car with the boat ran down with great velocity, striking the water with such force as to throw an immense wave over the towing path, which carried the boat with it down an embankment from fifteen to twenty feet in height and landed it on the rocks below, amid some trees standing there, but fortunately without striking any. People hastened to the boat to ascertain the fate of those on board. On opening the cabin door the wife, with her two children, was found sitting there rather composedly, and uninjured. When told, what had happened she seemed sur- prised, and said she " thought the boat went down very swift, but supposed that was the way the thing worked." This heavy chain was long since discarded and a steel wire rope substituted, which has proved far safer and in every way more satisfactory. Since the enlargement of the locks sectional boats have been in use, which can be passed over the suiftmit of planes with less strain upon the machinery, and the tonnage has been increased from eighteen in the beginning to about eighty at present. This canal passes through Boonton, Montville and Pe- quannock townships, and from where it enters at Power- ville to where it leaves near Mead's Basin, a distance of about nine miles, the descent is three hundred and fifty feet, by means of four locks and four inclined planes. The Iron Works. When the canal was being constructed at this point the company, in the early part of August 1829, obtained from William Scott a deed for such land as was required, and for the privilege of damming the river above the falls, so that the canal might be fed from the river at this place. In return the canal company cov- enanted with Scott, and granted to him, his heirs and assigns the privilege of using the canal as a race-way for conveying water to mills from the dam above the falls. By this means Scott secured the use of the whole head of water at this point, immediately available through a race-way and from a dam built entirely at the cost of the canal company. He had it in his power to use not only the natural flow of the river, but also the feed passing through the canal, be- ing bound only to return it into the level below the plane. This was a master stroke of policy on the part of Scott; it no doubt aided him very much in disposing of this water power, and added largely to the value of the two hundred acres of fend, for which he received $5,000. A short time before the completion and opening of the canal to Newark some capitalists from New York had ex- amined this location, and in view of the water power available, and the facilities for transportation by canal, concluded to purchase, and erect extensive iron works. David W. Wetmore, of the firm of Green & Wetmore, deal- ers in iron and hardware in New York, made the first purchases of land, two hundred acres from William Scott and several smaller tracts from Daniel T. Peer, among which was one of about ten and a half acres, lying between the river and the inclined plane on the canal, and bounded by the river on the west, and the canal on the east. On this tract the rolling-mills, puddling furnaces and foundry stand. The two hundred acres bought of Scott com- menced on the river above the ten and a half acres pur- chased of Peer, and extended eastward, including the greater part of the ground where the northern part of the town stands. These several tracts of land purchased by David W. Wetmore in his own name were on the 30th of November 1830 conveyed by^him to the New Jersey Iron Company, a stock company organized for the pur- pose of building and operating these works. The erection of the iron works was commenced in September 1829, and completed so that iron was first rolled in them in May 1831. The first machinery was imported from England and arrived June loth 1830. The first workmen, puddlers and rollers came from Eng- land in' June 1830, and others in the latter part of the same year. As a preliminary step houses had to be built for the employes, and a number of buildings were erected under the hill and opposite where the Boonton Iron Company's office stands. One of these was used as a store to furnish supplies. One of the first dwellings erected was quite a large building to be used as a board- ing-house, which, old and dilapidated, is still standing on tho east side of Main street, just above the falls. The erection of other buildings, on what are now Main and Church streets, followed soon. This was the start of Boonton, and it is not probable that town would have existed to-day if the project of the Morris Canal had not been pushed to a successful completion. The grounds where the factories and furnaces stand, in the beginning naturally rough and uninviting, would probably never have been selected for the location of a great manufactur- ing industry in the absence of adequate means for heavy and cheap transportation. There is a perpendicular fall in the river of about thirty feet. The iron works are located a short distance below, in a narrow valley between the canal and the river, and about eighty feet below the level of the water in the dam above the falls. The water to drive the works is taken from the canal at the head of the plane, and is used three times before reaching the level at the foot of the plane, and once more between that level and the river, making in all four times in a fall of about one [So HiStORY OF MORRlS COtJNTY. hundred feet. About thirty years after starting these mills, and after they had been greatly enlarged, a steam engine was put up to aid in keeping up speed when there was a diminution in the water power in dry sea- sons. These mills in the beginning consisted of a large rolling-mill with two departments, and a few puddling and heating furnaces, and the product was merchant iron in its various forms. The first fuel used was bituminous coal, which continued in use six or seven years, until an- thracite coal was substituted, which, being much cheaper and readily obtained by canal, made it possible to manu- facture iron more cheaply. In 1833 the first blast fur- nace was erected here, which was a charcoal furnace. It stood near where the machine shop stands. This fur- nace consumed about one thousand bushels of charcoal per day and produced thirty-five tons of pig iron per week. In a few years the scarcity and high price of charcoal, and the discoveries and rapid improvements made as to the use of anthracite coal in the manufac- ture of iron, rendered the operation of charcoal fur- naces unprofitable, and this one ceased to be used. It was about this time that these works were mainly devoted to making railroad iron. This business was, however, of short duration, and the company returned to making sheet iron and different forms of merchant iron. In 1848 the first anthracite blast furnace was built, where it now stands. It was erected under the supervision of Samuel Thomas, of Cat- asauqua, Pa., and was originally thirty-six feet high and of thirteen feet bosh, with a capacity to produce five thou- sand tons of pig iron per annum. In the fall of that year George Jenkins succeeded Mr. Thomas in the superin- tendence of the furnace, and he continued in that posi- tion until his death, which occurred suddenly in the be- ginning of 1864. Then Henry C. Jenkins, his oldest son, who had acquired some knowledge of the business, was promoted to the place which his father had so suc- cessfully filled. In 1865 this furnace was repaired, and made forty-five feet high, with an increased capacity of about nine thousand tons per annum. In 1868 an ad- ditional furnace. No. 2, was built, with a height of sixty feet, sixteen feet bosh, and a capacity of twelve thousand tons per annum. In 1874 No. i furnace was rebuilt and raised to the height of seventy feet. The total capacity of the two furnaces is estimated at twenty thousand tons per annum. There are two large steam engines standing between the two furnaces, which with a large water- wheel are used in making blast. The large rolling-mill first erected, which had been largely added to, was destroyed by fire in 1851, but was rebuilt the same year. It was in 1848 that the New Jersey Iron Company concluded to add to its business the manufacture of cut nails. Accordingly in the next year it erected a large factory 50 by 150 feet, two stories high, near the head of the inclined plane. This was fully completed, fitted with machinery and put in operation in August 1851. The price of nails during 1851 and 1852 was down to a low figure— $3 and $2.75 per hundred— and it is said some sales in very large quantities were made at lower rates. The New Jersey Iron Company, ha> been previously embarrassed, became more so then, resolved to close out the concern. All the real est including the iron works, was sold by the sheriff May 1852 to Dudley B. Fuller on his bid (which was only one) for $160,000, he having previously taken that was personal property about the mills and facto at an appraisal of $125,000. Mr. Fuller had for sevi years prior thereto been acting as the commiss merchant of this company, and thereby the comp, had become largely indebted to him, and he ■ compelled for self-protection to buy the prope At the time he made the purchase Fuller publi declared that he would discount $20,000 from purchase price to any one who would take the prope: But no one appeared to accept his offer, no doubt cause of the embarrassingly low prices of all iron p ducts at the time. Even his eminent counsel, A. O. '■ briskie (as he afterward told the writer), feared that F ler in that purchase was assuming a load under which would stagger and finally fall. Fortunately nails ab( the beginning of the next year advanced from $2.75 $3 per keg, and continued at fair prices for several yes Thus what was thought to be a mistake on the part Fuller proved to be a success. Henceforth these woi appeared to move with increased activity in every ( partment. A new nail factory was started below I canal, facilities were increased, additional buildii erected and important repairs and alterations made, tending to make the establishment more complete a efficient in every department. Shortly after the p chase of these works Mr. Fuller associated with him a partner James Cowper Lord, a son-in-law of Jan Brown, the banker, under the firm name of Fuller Lord. In 1873 the saw-mill, lower nail factory, cooj shop and several large drying sheds, with two milli staves, were burned; and in place of them new buil ings were erected in the same year. These works cc tinued to be operated under the same firm name ur the last of June 1876. Mr. Fuller died in i868 and IV Lord in 1869, but by provisions under their wills t works continued to be operated until 1876. In the si tlement of the joint interests in this large property t estate of Mr. Lord came into the sole possession of t real estate, including mills, furnaces, mines and oth property. From the commencement these extensive ir works constituted the one great industry and nearly t sole dependence of this place, up to the time of thi stoppage. It may be of interest, and give a more just conceptii of the extent of this establishment, to speak a little mo in detail. There are in the large mill twelve dout puddling furnaces, seven large heating furnaces, fo trains of 18-inch and two trains of 16-inch rolls, and U rotary and two crocodile squeezers. The average pr duction of puddle bars was three hundred and twen tons per week. The nut mill contained four furnac and four nut machines. In the two nail factories the fiOONTON IRON WORKS AND SILK MILLS. i8i were 150 nail machines, with the capacity of producing Virhen run to the full extent 200,000 kegs per year. There tvere in the saw- mill three sets of stave machines, with a capacity of 20,000 staves per day. For this 1,000 cords of chestnut logs were required each year, and for making the heading about 400.000 feet of whitewood and pine boards. The staves were piled in sheds to season thor- oughly before they were used in the cooper shop. Over 2,000,000 staves and over 900,000 keg-hoops were used in turning out annually an average of about 150,000 kegs. From seventy to eighty kegs were considered a fair product for ten hours' work, although some young ex- perts have been known to turn out from one hundred to one hundred and twenty in ten hours. The mills, fur- naces, foundry and various shops and storehouses cover fully six acres of ground. As a motive power for this vast concern 1,500 horse power was required, and was derived from four large overshot waterwheels, six tur- bine wheels and three steam engines. The amount of money paid out monthly in 1865 was $30,000. The monthly payments were, however, subject to considerable variation. Beside these mills the company owned and operated several valuable iron mines, from which a sup- ply of ore was obtained, and all together gave employ- ment to about five hundred hands. Such was the nature and extent of this vast industry, that gave a start to Boonton and fostered its growth for forty-five years. At this time (November i88r) a portion of these works has been leased to a responsible party, and the almost un- broken stillness that has reigned within the walls of these mills has actually been disturbed by busy hands prepar- ing to light the fires and start the hum of machinery once more. At Powerville, a riile above Boonton on the Rockaway River, a forge and a grist-mill were erected by Joseph Scott early in the beginning of this century. A few years afterward his second son, William, became a joint owner with his father. After the death of Joseph Scott, which occurred about 1827, William Scott became the sole proprietor. He was an active, enterprising man, and sought to make improvements in the manufacture of iron. He was to a great degree successful in accumulat- ing property, and became the owner of large tracts of land, and among these the Hibernia tract, with valuable iron mines from which he procured his supply of ore. He introduced at Powerville a method of separating the pure part of iron ore from the dross by first pounding it and then passing it over large mag- netic rollers. This was with a view to improving the quality of the iron and increasing the yield With a };iven quantity of fuel used in smelting. William Scott died at the time when anthracite coal was being successfully brought into use for puddling, or con- verting pig into wrought iron. This new use of anthra- cite, and the scarcity and high price of charcoal, have driven the old-fashioned charcoal bloomaries out of ex- istence; save here and there one, like that at Powerville, which has been kept for converting scrap iron into blooms by the use of charcoal. Elijah D. Scott, the only son, at the death of his father succeeded to the own- ership of the forge and grist-mill, and he with Thomas C. Willis built in 1846 a small rolling-mill, which was used for making the smaller kinds of merchant iron from char- coal blooms made in the forge. Elijah D. Scott died, leaving by his will the forge, rolling-mill, grist-mill, and all the property on the east side of the river to Mr. Willis, who continued to operate these mills as before, until his death; since that, the forge and rolling-mill have been rented and employed in making horseshoe and other kinds of merchant iron from scrap blooms made in the forge. Large quantities of scrap are brought by canal and by railroad from New York for that purpose. About a quarter of a mile from Boonton, on the road to Montville, H. W. Crane built a mill about four years ago, which is used for the manufacture of foundry-fa- cings, an article that appears to be in brisk demand, as the mill is kept running during the day and frequently part of the night. This mill is driven by water power de- rived from the overflow and waste gates of the canal. In Boonton, on the south side of Canal street, about three years ago was started a manufactory of pocket cutlery, under the management of R. M. Booth. This mill is driven by water from the canal, employs about twenty hands, and has a capacity of thirty-six dozen finished knives per day. Silk-Making. The year following the stoppage of the iron works a number of enterprising citizens, believing that a diver- sity of industry would be a better dependence for the town than one great branch, as heretofore, put their purses together and erected a building about thirty by seventy feet and two stories high, intended for a branch of the silk business, for doing which they had some en- couragement from parties engaged in that line. The building was let to a person who proposed to start silk- weaving. But it soon turned out that he was not the man for the place, and the project failed, much to the disappointment and injury of those who started it. Thus the matter rested until about two years ago; when a firm in Paterson, of substance and successful business enter- prise, was induced to take hold of it. These men put in steam power and machinery and started silk-winding. In the course of a few months they found it to their inter- est to extend their facilities by an addition of one hun- dred feet to the building, which, having been filled with machinery, is now occupied by about one hundred and thirty hands. This whole building is occupied with a primary process in the business, where the inexperienced are employed, and taught to be "skillful hard silk wind- ers." During the past summer the firm has erected a substantial building nearly opposite the depot, on the east side of the river, 40 by 200 feet, four stories high with a high attic. There are also several other large buildings adjoining, all designed to make one mill, which is to be operated by steam, warmed by steam, and lighted by gas made in an adjoining building put up for the purpose. It is understood to be the purpose of the proprietors to 182 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. make this factory in all its appointments one of the finest in the State. It will doubtless when completed require the services of several hundred operatives. Postal Facilities. Boonton has a convenient post-office building, cen- trally located on Main street and fitted up with modern improvements. As to business grade this office ranks in that class in which the President nominates and the Senate confirms the appointment of postmasters. The early history of this town as regards postal accommoda- tions was rather remarkable, and deserves to be noted. For sixteen years the New Jersey Iron Company and citizens of this place were obliged to go with and for mail matter to the post-office at Parsippany, three and a half miles distant, three times per week. Yet Boonton in 1834 had a population of four hundred and in 1840 fully double that number, and its amount of postal mat- ter was five times as great as that of Parsippany and its vicinity. In 1846, on the gth of July, the post-office at Montville was closed and removed to Boonton. Edmund K. Sargeant was postmaster till the 27th of November 1849; then John Hill till the 24th of May 1853, when Mr. Sargeant was reappointed. He continued to act till his successor, Dr. E. B. Gaines, was appointed in 1861. Dr. Gaines served about ten years, when E. B. Dawson, the present incumbent, was appointed. Churches. First Presbyterian. — The first settlers at Boonton were not negligent as to providing means for religious instruc- tion. Very soon after the mills were begun religious meetings were appointed for Sunday, at which the Rev. John Ford, pastor of the church at Parsippany, at- tended and officiated. These meetings at first in warm and pleasant weather were held in the shade of a grove and at private dwellings. In 1832 they were held at the district school-house, then just erected. The first church organization was formed July ist 1832, with the title " Church at Boonton." It consisted of nineteen mem- bers, nine of whom were natives of England and ten of this country; of the latter was John F. Winslow, the first general superintendent of the iron works. They con- tinued to hold meetings in the district school-house, but before the close of that year concluded to take measures for the erection of a church building. The county rec- ords show that pursuant to notice a meeting was held at the school-house on the loth of December 1832 to elect trustees, preparatory to the incorporation of a church in accordance with a law of the State. At that meeting James H. Woodhull, Thomas C. Willis, Samuel Oakes, and William H. Woodhull were chosen trustees. After subscribing an oath, as required by law, they signed and filed a certificate that the name adopted was " The First Presbyterian Church of Boonton," which thereafter was the corporate title of the organization. Decisive steps were at once taken to build a church, and in 1833 it was erected, on a plot of ground donated by the New Jersey Iron Company, on the corner of Church and Birch streets, where the present church stands. The Rev. John Ford and several other ministers supplied the pulpit until July 1834. On the rgth of July the same year Rev. Joseph Vance received and accepted a call to be- come the pastor. He continued his labors to the 4th of October 1838. From then to March 1840 the pulpit was occupied by occasional supplies. Then Rev. Cor- nelius S. Conkling was the pastor to November 30th 1843. Then again the pulpit was vacant except as sup- plied by presbytery till May 1844, when Rev. Daniel E. Megie accepted a call. He was installed on the 29th of the same month, and continued his pastorate here until September 1872, when, owing to his failing health, he re- signed. On the 3d of January 1873 Rev. Thomas Car- ter, the present pastor, was installed. After his resigna- tion Mr. Megie continued to reside at Boonton until his death, which occurred in May 1880, about thirty-six years after the date of his installment. The church erected in 1833 was 35 by 55 feet, and served the congregation twenty-six years, when it was sold and removed to make room for a larger structure. This old building was placed by the purchasers on the opposite side of Church street, and under the name of Washington Hall has been since used as a place for hold- ing public meetings. The first parsonage of this congre- gation was built on a lot on the south side of Church street in the year 1840, and was first occupied by the Rev. Cornelius S. Conkling, and subsequently by the Rev. Daniel E. Megie for many years. While living here Mr. Megie's first wife died. He married Mrs. Hester Briggs, a widow, and a sister of his first wife. Mrs. Briggs had built and for several years occupied a residence on the corner of Church and Birch streets, opposite the church. After his second marriage Mr. Megie removed to his wife's residence, and the parsonage was sold soon after. The next parsonage was built about the year 1874, on a part of the church lot, and is a neat and commodious ed- ifice of moderate dimensions, costing about $6,000. The new church edifice was built in 1859, and as first put up was 36 by 72 feet. It was a few years afterward greatly enlarged by adding to the width on each side. It has a tall steeple, and on account of its location and size is the most conspicuous church in the place. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Boonton was duly organized on the sth of June 1853, and the following names were signed to the certificate as trustees: George T. Cobb, John Decker, John H. Frampton, John Meyer jr., Samuel B. Shaubb, Horace E. Taylor and William T. Vanduyne. On the 24th of January 1854 Dudley B. Fuller and James Brown of New York donated to this church a lot one hundred feet square on the east side of Cedar street, nearly opposite the old district school- house. The same year they erected on it a church forty feet square, a plain building costing about |i,6oo. Sub- sequently a parsonage was built on a part of the same lot, costing about $1,800. The church edifice served the congregation about sixteen years, when, owing to an in- crease in the number of members, it was thought advisa- ble to provide a larger building and to obtain a more CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS OF BOONTON. 183 central location. Accordingly, about the year 1868, the residence and grounds of Dr. Ezekiel B. Gaines, on the west side of Main just above William street, were bought. The intention was to use the residence as a parsonage, and to place the church on the adjoining lot. The erec- tion of the church was commenced in 1868, and services were held in the basement the following year. The whole building was not fully completed till 1874. The total cost of the church edifice, including furniture, is said to have been $18,000. The first cost of the property bought from Gaines was $9,000. The size of this church on the ground is 52 by 80 feet, and it is substantially a two-story building, the main room being on the second floor, with a high basement. The audience room, in- cluding the gallery at one end, is 51 feet by 79, and the basement lecture room is 50 feet square. The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. — On the 7th of August 1848 the New Jersey Iron Company deedi d to the trustees of the Catholic church at Boonton a plot of ground on the corner of Birch and Green streets, in the northern part of the town. On this was erected the first Catholic church in Boonton. It was of small dimensions and a cheap structure, and had a burial ground attached on a part of the same lot. This served for about seven- teen years, when the increasing congregation, desiring more room, procured a lot on the opposite side of Birch street and proceeded to erect a new church, which was completed in a few years. This building is 40 by 80 feet, with a tower 65 feet high. The walls are of stone, the roof slate, and the windows of stained glass. It has a large basement room, which for a time was used for a week-day school separate from the public school in the town. This is the most substantial church edifice in Boonton and one of the largest. Its cost was not far from $13,000. About this time this congregation procured a suitable piece of ground, on the eastern outskirt of the town and near the foot of Sheep Hill, for a cemetery. This has been inclosed with a substantial stone wall, and the bodies near the old church were brought here. The first lot has been cleared up, and on it has been erected a neat and commodious parsonage, at a cost of about $s,ooo. On the 20th of September 1864 this society became incorporated under the name of " The Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel." St. John's Church. — The first Protestant Episcopal church in Boonton was fully organized according to law on the 4th of May i860, under the name of "St. John's Church in Boonton," and the required certificate was filed, signed by Francis D. Canfield, minister, and George Anthony, secretary. Previous to this, however, there had been an informal orginization of this denomination, and religious services had been held as early as 1856, in a small building, erected by Miss Eliza A. Scott as a ses- sion house for the Presbyterian church, standing on Church street. This building was lengthened and fitted up, and was used by St. John's church several years. About the year 1867 Fuller & Lord donated to this con- gregation a large and handsome lot on the corner of Ce- dar and Cornelia streets. On this was erected a church edifice of moderate dimensions, in gothic style and rather plain in its exterior. A neat and comfortable parsonage was built on a portion of the same lot. Rev. Francis D. Canfield was the first rector. Rev. Mr. Sterns the next, and the third the Rev. John P. Appleton, the present rector. The Reformed Church at Boonton. — The church last organized in Boonton is of the Reformed denomination. Meetings were first held in Washington Hall in 1867, un- der the lead of Rev. Nathaniel Conklin, of the church at Montville. On the 2nd of February 1868, at a meeting held at Washington Hall in accordance with previous no- tice, Timothy W. Crane and Albert Crane were elected elders, and Daniel D. Tompkins and Francis Room dea- cons. On the 6th of March 1868 this society became duly organized, by the elders and deacons signing and filing a certificate in accordance with law, under the adopted name of "The Reformed Church at Boonton." Soon afterward measures were taken to procure a church edifice. Some years prior to this a division in the Pres- byterian church at Parsippany, in the adjoining township of Hanover, led to the erection of the second church edi- fice there. This was occupied but a few years, when, the differences that led to its erection having been adjusted, this second church ceased to be used; and, the creditors being anxious for their money, this building was sold to the Reformed church at Boonton and removed there. This society and the congregation are comparatively small, but financially it is the strongest church in Boon- ton, being the legatee of $10,000 by the will of Mrs. Eliza A. Crane (formerly Eliza A. Scott). Education. The proprietors of the iron works were not unmindful of the necessity of providing for the education of the children of their employes. The first school at Boonton was opened in 1831, in a part of a dwelling-house just built nearly opposite where the Boonton iron works office stands. This school was taught by Miss Dean, and she was paid for her services by the New Jersey Iron Com- pany. A school-house was erected in 1831 on what is now the southwesterly corner of Liberty and Cedar streets, and was brought into use in 1832. This building served the district twenty years. The last teacher who occupied it was Marcus W. Martin, teacher in the year ending in June 1852. His salary was $350 per year, and that year the school was free, made so by subscription. In 1851 a larger building, of brick, was erected as the public school-house, which, greatly enlarged by several additions, is now in use. The first school-house here, erected fifty years ago, is still standing, and with some alterations and additions is occupied as a dwelling. In the year 1850, owing to the growth of the population of Boonton, the school room became overcrowded, and some were asking for a division. The township superin- tendent, aware of what had been done at Plainfield, Bloomfield, Salem and Bridgeton under special power 1 84 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. given by the Legislature to establish free schools, and thinking the time had arrived when it would be most to the advantage of the people of Boonton to remain in one district and have a free school, prepared the draft of a bill suited, as he thought, to meet the wants of the case; and in November of that year he presented it for consideration at a public meeting called for the purpose, and accompanied it with a statement of the advantages of a free school. The proposition and the bill as presented were favorably received, and after fur- ther consideration at subsequent meetings, and some amendments suggested and adopted, the bill, accompanied with a petition, was presented to the next Legislature. It was passed in March 185 1, and went into effect im- mediately. Under it in April 1851 William G. Lathrop James Holmes and George W. Esten were elected the first board of trustees, and Henry W. Crane was elected clerk. During that year a brick building of suitable size and two stories in height was erected, on a suitable plot of ground donated by the New Jersey Iron Company for the purpose. It was completed early in the following year, and school was opened in it on the 19th day of July 1852, under Alonzo B. Corliss, principal, and Miss Corliss, assistant. This was the first and for many years the only free school in Morris county. It has been kept free and constantly open during the whole of each school year from that time to the present, and, save in its pro- portionate share of the State appropriation of public funds, has been entirely sustained by money derived from taxes voluntarily imposed by the people of the district. The persons first chosen as school ofificers under the act of 185 1 are still living, and all others who took a pi-om- inent and active part in the initiatory steps for establish- ing this free school, after a lapse of thirty years, are, with three exceptions, still living to testify to its benefits, and are as true and ardent friends as ever of free popular ed- ucation. In 1853 an association of the teachers of Pequannock was formed, Boonton, Montville and Pequannock then being in one township. The object of this association was self-improvement in all matters pertaining to the business of teaching. The points to which attention was more especially directed during that school year were a thorough examination of the principles of arithmetic, and a critical examination of the principles of grammar as applied to the English language. The township superintendent participated, and at the request of the teachers led in the exercises. The subjects for consider- ation were announced before the meetings, which were held monthly. The exercises were so conducted as to engage and bring into use the individual capacities of the members, in giving in precise language the clearest and best explanation of each point under consideration. In this way all became interested in giving close attention, and were incited to careful study and reflection, which tended to produce in the mind of each clearer concep- tions of principle, and to furnish each with a greater wealth of illustration. The working of this association before the close of the year had a very happy and notice- able effect, not merely upon the teachers, but through them upon their schools, in a less mechanical but more thorough instruction and greater interest among the pupils; thus furnishing proof that the best way to elevate the character of schools is to elevate the character of the teachers. Among those who took an active part in that association were Samuel A. Farrand, then principal of the Boonton school, since a graduate of the State nor- mal school, and now principal of the Newark Academy; and S. A. Felter, then a teacher in the school at Pine Brook, and since a graduate of the State normal school' and the author of Felter's series of arithmetics. Owing to the rapid growth of Boonton during eight or nine years after the close of the civil war, much of its population had spread beyond the limits of the school district as established under the act of 1851. In addi- tion to this, the increased number of departments and the large number of pupils, as well as other reasons, made it not only necessary to extend the boundaries of the district, but advisable to vest the control and man- agement in a board of education, consisting of seven commissioners in place of three trustees; and also to have provisions under which evening schools might be established for the accommodation of those whose avoca- tions were such as to prevent their attendance at the day schools. The gentleman who framed the act of 185 1, under which the free school was established and had been successfully operated twenty-four years, was still living, and then a member of the board of trustees. To him was assigned the labor of drafting a new bill, pro- viding for necessary changes and the prospective wants of this growing district. Accordingly in December 1874 a bill with suitable provisions was prepared, which, being accompanied by petitions and without remonstrance, was presented to the Legislature at its next session. It be- came a law and went into effect on the sth of April 1875. Under this special act the school at Boonton is now operated. This school is graded, and occupies two build- ing — one, the main building, in the north part of the town, and the other, a primary department, in the south part. There are in all nine departments, under the charge of a principal and nine assistants. Both build- ings are of brick, with slate roofs and two stories in height, and supplied with improved modern furniture. All the school buildings in Boonton township are located at Boonton. A small portion of the school population of Boonton township in the western and northern parts of it is attached to adjoining districts at Powerville, in Hanover, and Rockaway Valley, in Rock- away township. The school property in Boonton is estimated to be worth $25,000. For several years prior to 1876 the Catholics maintained a separate school in this place, kept in the basement of their new church. Since the stoppage of the iron works this has been abandoned, and their children are sent to the public school. The experience of thirty years under the operation of a free school at Boonton has convinced the people there that no town becomes the poorer by taxing itself to BANDS AT BOONTON— CAUSES OF PROSPERITY. I8S educate jts children; that a proper and thorough system of education will raise its moral, social and intellectual position, and add to the security and value of property; and that by consolidation and keeping strength together better schools and increased means of instruction can be secured, not only at comparatively less cost, but with far greater advantages. Bands. For a quarter of a century Boonton has been more or less noted for its musical attainments. In that time it has had several fine bands of music, that became widely known, through services rendered at various public meet- ings and celebrations, especially during that most excit- ing period of our history, the war of the Rebellion and the subsequent political agitations. The first band was organized about the year 1850, under the name " Excel- sior." About five years later another was organized, called the " Temperance band." Not long after this, be- cause of some disagreement, the Excelsior band was dis- solved. This resulted in the formation of another, called the " Washington cornet band," which is said to have been one of the finest bands Boonton ever had. Whatever may have been the peculiar merits of these bands, it is but just to say that the people have reason to remember them with pleasure and gratitude, for the cheering and inspirit- ing influence of their music on the many occasions of gloom and despondency, rejoicing and excitement, exper- enced in the past twenty years. Causes of Prosperity. The history of Boonton, as to growth in population, and results in a moral and social aspect, contains some features deserving special notice. Many persons seem impressed with the belief that a manufacturing town must necessarily have a mixed population, a majority of whom will rank low as to intelligence and social and moral qualities. One of the marked features of Boonton is that a majority of its citizens own the dwellings they live in, and have acquired them by the savings from years of honest, hard labor here; and the general appear- ance of tidiness, convenience and. orderly surroundings indicate the existence of some refinement and taste. As to the intelligence and general good character of its citi- zens, Boonton undoubtedly stands ahead of most manu- facturing towns. The question naturally arises, why is this so ? It appears to be mainly traceable to two causes. The New Jersey Iron Company never adopted that ex- clusive system, characteristic of many manufacturing vil- lages, of owning all the dwellings, holding all the land, and paying employes in store goods. It paid monthly, and in cash, and induced its employes to obtain homes of their own, by offering lots at nominal prices — from $10 to $25 — and some assistance in money, if needed, to erect a house after the lot had been cleared and improved; the company taking pay by installments, as could be spared from their wages, and holding the deed, to be delivered when paid for. This policy tended to inculcate habits of industry and frugality, and to induce families to prac- tice economy, virtues that contribute to form manly char- acter,and tend to thrift and prosperity. Thiswasonecause. The other is the free public school established thirty years ago. Fortunate was it for Boonton when it was de- cided in 1850 not to divide the district, but to have only one school, and make that of a better class — free, graded and with more branches taught — thus bringing within the reach of all the opportunity of obtaining a more thorough education. That a generation has grown up under its influence to a higher degree of intelligence is manifest in the results. Of the ten teachers now employed, seven have been trained and educated in that school, and many of its graduates have gone forth and engaged in teaching elsewhere, with credit to themselves and satisfaction to their employers. Several of those who attended this school have entered the learned professions, some have engaged in mercantile pursuits, and many in various trades and occupations the doors of which would have been closed to them but for their educational advantages in that public school. Such are some of the historical lessons presented as the results of thirty years of experi- ence at Boonton. 1 86 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. e/a^^' SAMUEL L. GARRISON. OAA^^^^^^^"^ The subject of this sketch was born of humble parentage, near Bridgeton, Cumberland county, N. J., on the 8th of February 1845. When he was very young his parents removed to Bridgeton, and after becoming of suitable age Samuel was sent to the public schools of that city. He was an apt scholar, and the progress he made during the few years he was able to attend school laid the foun- dation for a successful career in the profession afterward chosen by him. When he was only fourteen years of age he obtained a position as clerk in a store, and he continued as such for two years. At the age of sixteen he was urged by James B. Ferguson, editor and proprietor of the West Jersey Pioneer, published in the city of Bridgeton, to accept a position in his ofifice. After some reluctance the lad accepted the position, and in about three years was capable of performing the duties of foreman, which he did for about one year, when he accepted a similar position in the ofifice of the Millville RepiMican, pub- lished in the city of Millville, in the same county. After serving as foreman for three or four years he became as- sociate editor, and upon him devolved most of the labor of the office, the editor having many outside matters to engage his attention. Mr. Garrison performed the duties of associate editor a number of years. He made many friends by his obliging manners, and was warmly attached to the people of Millville, almost all of whom treated him with uniform kindness. In the year 1872 he was offered the editorship of the Boonton Weekly Bulletin, a newspaper resuscitated from the remains of one of the same name, which had suspended publication after being pub- lished less than two years in Boonton by An- drew A. Neal. The Bulletin was revived in the interests of the Republican party, by a number of prominent Republicans of thetown, and for a year was published by Dawson & Garrison. At the close of the year, on the ist of September 1873, this partnership was dis- solved and Mr. Garrison assumed control of the publication as editor and publisher. In the year 1878 he bought up. all the stock in the concern and became proprietor also. He is still engaged in publishing the Bulletin. Mr. Garrison's efforts and final success in pushing forward improvements in the town during the dark days it was obliged to pass through after the stoppage of the great iron works — the only industry in the town at the time of their stoppage — and his untiring exer- tions to introduce new industries in the place, make this sketch of him especially appropriate as a part of the history of Morris county. The following sentence in a notice published in the Millville Republican, after Mr. Garrison assumed control of the Bulletin,, shows the editor's opinion of him as an advocate of local interests: " We commend Mr. G. to the people of Morris county as an earnest and indefatiga- ble worker for local interests, and hope they will give hinf substantial aid and encourage- ment." The closing of the Boonton iron works in June 1876 threw out of employment about seven hundred men and boys, and soon many people moved away from the town. Now, if ever, was the time for determination and ac- tivity on the part of all interested in the future of Boonton. No one saw this sooner or felt it more forcibly than Mr. Garrison. True he did not own as much Boonton property as many others, but he labored harder to push improvements and encourage industries than many ot the property holders, who were fearful of increased taxation. These citizens ought to have known that im- provements would enhance the value of their properly, especially so the establishment of new industries. The active interest taken by Mr. Garrison in assisting to in- troduce the silk business in the town commends him to the citizens of the county, to which this industry will be one of the most valuable. The first silk-mill in Morris county was erected in Boonton, and most of the funds to erect it were solicited by Mr. Garrison. Strange as it may appear, the improvements made in the town from 1876 to i88i, during which time the iron works were idle, were greater than had been made for many years while the works were in operation. When Mr. Garrison first came to Boonton steps were being taken to improve the town, but the stoppage of the works would probably have caused an entire cessation of improvements if Mr. Garrison had not advocated pushing them forward. Then Main street was a burlesque on the name; now it is a pleasant thoroughfare. The introduction of street lamps was due in a great measure to Mr. Garrison's ad- vocacy, both in his paper and before the town council. Mr. Garrison is Episcopal church, having filled a number of important and responsible positions in connection with the denomination. He also takes great interest in educational matters, being a mem- ber of the Boonton board of education. a leading member of the Methodist in which he takes a deep interest. CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. By Rev. Robert Airman, D. D. HATHAM TOWNSHIP* was formed from Morris and Hanover, in the year 1806. It is in the shape of a wedge, about six miles in length and four broad, and contains twenty- three and a half square miles or 14,712 acres. It is bounded north by Hanover; on the east and south by the Passaic River, which separates it from parts of Essex and Union counties; and on the west by Morris and Passaic townships. The population of the township, at the several census dates has been as follows: 1810,2,019; 1820,1,832; 1830, 1,874; 1840, 2,138; 1850, 2,436; i860, 2, 968 (105 col- oredl; 1870, 3,715 (130 colored); 1875, 4>44° ('4^ col- ored);" 1880, 4,277. The population of the villages in the township at the last date was: Madison, 1,756; Chatham, 738; Afton, 279. The assessors' statistics for 1881 were as follows: Acres, 12,418; valuation of real estate, $2,127,089; personal prop- erty, $574,735; debt, $87,680; total taxable property, $2,614,144; polls, 891; State school tax, $6,654.59; county tax, $6,212.19; ^oad tax, $6,000; poor tax, $300. In the southern corner of the township is a portion of the Great Swamp, a remarkable formation, probably the bed of an ancient lake or pond, whose description more properly belongs to the account of Passaic town- ship, within which it mainly lies. The whole swamp was until recently covered with a heavy timber growth, but it is now largely cleared and drained, the upland portions well tilled, and much of it excellent meadow land, pro- ducing large crops of lowland hay. About 2,560 acres * The author of the history of Chatham township desires to express his obligations to the Rev. J. F. Tuttle, D. D., president of Wabash Col- lege, and to Hev. Samuel L. Tuttle, for a number of years pastor of the Presbyterian church of Madison. To both these gentlemen every one who gains much knowledge of the early history of this part of New Jersey will have to confess indebtedness. Both were settled pastors in Morris county, and with genuine antiquarian enthusiasm improved their opportunities to gain infoi-raation while yet there remained among the living aged men and women who remembered old historic scenes, or could repeat the recollections of their fathers or mothers. Rev. S. L. Tuttle has left a large manuscript volume, of nearly five hun- dred pages, filled with facts and anecdotes of the early days of the township, and especially of the old Bottle Hill church. His address de- livered July 4th 1855, entitled "Bottle Hill during the Revolution," much enlarged, was published in the Historical Magazine in 1871. Each of these is a thesaurus of information, and has been largely drawn upon for the early portions of this history. of the Great Swamp lie in Chatham township. It is drained by the Lowantica River, or Black Brook. On the southeast of the township is a fine elevation of land, called Long Hill, running parallel to the Passaic River, of the valley of which it here forms the northern and eastern crests, affording picturesque and beautiful views of one of the most charming portions of the State. The principal settlements of the township are Colum- bia, Madison, East Madison, Chatham and Stanley. One of the earliest settlers at Columbia was Thomas Eckley, an English gentleman, who came here about the year 1750. He purchased 500 acres of ground, and built a house of considerable elegance, in the midst of a fine park. He died in 1793, and with his wife was buried in the Hanover graveyard. The house passed into other hands, and was subsequently burned down. A portion of the grounds is now owned and occupied by C. B. Meeker and W. J. Meeker. Columbia has for a year or two borne the name of Afton, the change having been made 10 distinguish it from another village of the same name in the State. It is a beautiful part of the township, delightful for resi- dences, and the land fruitful and well cultivated. The 0rigin.4L Settlers of this region were New Englanders, mainly Connecticut men and women, whose first New Jersey homes had been made in Elizabeth and Newark, as is shown by the coincidence of names among the earlier inhabitants of these places with our own. Rumors of vast quantities of iron ore imbedded in the hills beyond reached the ears of these men, and attracted them.- This ore had been long known to the Indians, and had been worked by them in their rude way into implements of industry and war. Probably also the fine rolling country, with its well-watered valleys and promise of fruitful harvests, drew them on. Large purchases of land were made from the old "New Jersey proprietors;" and about twenty- two years after the purchase of Elizabeth by Carteret — that is, about the year 1685 — a few men crossed the Newark Mountain, then called the " Great Watchung Mountain," and brought civilization into these hills and valleys. 26 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The central settlement for some time was on the Whip- panong River; called so for the tribe of Indians living hereabouts, of whom, however, as of other indigenous Indians, there have come down to us no historical ac- counts, and almost no traditions. This indicates that be- tween the whites and the Indians there were, happily, no serious conflicts, to leave, as in many ether places, bloody way-marks on the early records. The histories of peace have usually been written in few pages. In the language of one of New Jersey's distinguished sons, " It is a proud fact in her history that every foot of her soil has been ob- tained from the Indians by fair and voluntary purchase and transfer — a fact that no other State in the Union, not even the land which bears the name of Penn, can boast of." The township of Whippanong was constituted in the year 1700, and included all the territory now embraced in the townships of Morris, Chatham and Hanover. The names of many of the earliest settlers have a famil- iar sound to-day— such' as Carter, Genung, Miller, Potter, Burnet, Thompson, Marsh, Muchmore, Roberts, Day, Lum, Bruen, Lindsley, Halsey, Bonnel, Cook, Ward and others. Of these settlers Benjamin Carter seems to have been the largest landholder, owning most of the land now occupied by the village of Madison. His residence was a few rods south of where the Presbyterian church now stands. The first grist-mill here was built by him, and stood in the valley opposite his house ; the mill dam being thrown across the valley and flooding the land to the north, making a considerable stream part of the year, but quite dry in the summer. The original blacksmith appears to have been Ellis Cook, whose shop occupied the site of the old and now forsaken academy building. Aaron Burnet settled on the spot owned by the late John B. Miller, and died there at the age of 100 years; the house has disappeared. His four sons, James, Matthias, William and Aaron, lived to advanced age, the last of them being the late Matthias L. Burnet, who passed away recently in his 93d year. David Bruen came from Newark and built upon the spot occupied by the late Captain Mallaby. For many years the settlements were mere hamlets, while the entire surrounding region was an unbroken wilderness, whose only inhabitants were wild beasts and Indians. Here and there a more enterprising or adven- turous settler erected a dwelling and cleared a space for a future civilization. When, about the year 1718, the old church in Whip- panong was formed, Morristown had hardly begun to be a village, and not until sixty years afterward did it number two hundred and fifty inhabitants. Newark had been settled forty years, and had a population of less than three hundred. Elizabethtown was the center of trade for the whole region, and although small was yet the most influential of all these settlements. What is now Springfield contained but three dwelling houses. Bloom- field, Orange and Belleville were mere outskirts belong- ing to Newark, while the villages of Parsippan}-, Hanover and Chatham were not yet in existence. For many years after the first settlers came the country filled up very slowly. The farmers were few, houses were widely distributed and of the humblest character, and of course the religious and educational advantages were extremely limited. No marked changes seemed to have occurred for many years. Production and Transportation. As has been said, the iron ore abounding in the hills of Morris county was a principal incentive to immigra- tion. Upon the tracts of land purchased of the New Jersey proprietors forges were erected in various places. One of these stood near the present grist-mill in Green Village, another near the grist-mill in Chatham village, and the region hereabouts came to be known for many years by the name of "The Old Forges." The ore was carried from the mines in stout leathern bags on the backs of horses, and after being manufac- tured into iron the bars were carried in the same way to Elizabeth and Newark, and thence forwarded in boats to New York. This business not only had much to do with the early settlement of the region, but soon led to the opening of roads. The earliest highway leading through Chatham to the seaboard was that long known as "the old road," which, coming down from Morristown by the residence of Judge Lathrop, passed from thence to the corner of the road leading to the convent, now occupied by Mr. "Vernier; then, by the site of the old academy, down the hill, past the lecture room of the Presbyterian church, along the present track of the railroad, in front of the house now occupied as a home for invalids by Mrs. Van Pelt, down toward Chatham by the house of Mrs. George Ebling; thence over the Passaic River and Short Hills, through Springfield and Connecticut Farms to Elizabethtown, striking the seaboard at the Kill von Kull. Communication with New York from there was by means of row boats and small sailing craft, two days being frequently consumed in going from Chatham town- ship to New York. Other thoroughfares were opened gradually and later, but may as well be designated here. The main road to- ward the south was the one now leading to Green Vil- lage, and thence to Basking Ridge, PUickamin and the Delaware. The road leading northward was that which passes by the old academy, through Columbia, Whip- pany, Troy and Pompton, and on to Fort Lee and the Highlands of the Hudson. These roads formed a direct route between the Delaware and the Hudson for persons travehng on this side of the Newark Mountain, as well as for those coming from the west toward the ocean. These roads also had more or less to do with the early development of this region, and had special historic bearings. Geographically, Bottle Hill was so located that during the Revolutionary war it became from neces- sity a witness of many of the operations and a large sharer in the embarrassments and trials of that eventful struggle. The history of the roads of a country gives a pretty fair indication of the intellectual and social life and progress of that country. Chatham township, as indeed ROADS IN CHATHAM TOWNSHIP— THE FIRST CHURCH. 189 Morris county generally, is at least a partial illustration of this rule. The early roads of course were rough, and at certain seasons of the year almost impassable. Yet they were important avenues from the interior to great emporiums. The travel from the up-country, the trans- portation of produce and manufactures was by stage and by large four-horse baggage wagons. Two four-horse stages passed up and down daily. Rev. Dr. Ogden states that he has himself counted twenty four-horse covered wagons coming one after the other over the hills. These would usually stop over night in Chatham village as a half-way house, coming and going; making the village lively, and the business of the two leading public houses very profitable. To reach New York and return required two days, with a probable third day for the transaction of business. The increasing travel as the country filled up made it necessary to keep the roads in passable con- dition; but the improvements within a few years have been very great, and there is probably no part of New Jersey where better roads invite to finer drives than throughout this portion of the State, and perhaps none where such advantages are put to better use. This part of New Jersey can hardly be said to have been really known to the rest of the country until October 1837, when the Morris and Essex Railroad was opened, bringing into connection with Newark and New York these hilly and picturesque regions on the line of the road, and giving easy access to romantic lake and moun- tain scenery in other parts of Morris county. This was at first quite an unpretentious road as to all its appoint- ments, but changes came with later days. Among these was the great improvement made around the depot at Madison about twenty-five years ago. What is now the square was then a mere roadway. On the north side of the road stood the town hall, the M. E. church, and several private houses. The grounds on which these buildings stood were purchased, the buildings moved back and the square well filled in. The cost of this im- provement was $12,000, one half of which was raised among the citizens and one half borne by the railroad company, which also built new passenger and freight depots. The former of these was burnt down on Sabbath evening October 21st 1877, and the present comely and commodious building has been built in its place. The railroad is very circuitous, but all the more pleas- ant for that; and in certain seasons of the year, particu- larly in the early fall, presents a picture of great beauty to the eye, as the train passes under the slope of fine hills, through rich rolling_lands, with such views as open from the Short Hills and other points. These advan- tages soon became known to the world without, and these hills and valleys began to lose their loneliness; until now from Newark to Morristown, and even beyond, there is a continuous line of rural residences, many of them the convenient homes of well-to-do men whose means are limited, and also many of them the elegant and costly mansions of men of wealth. The writer well remembers his first impressions of Chatham township, and especially the sight of so many beautiful knolls of land where houses could be placed to fine advantage. Many, of these knolls are now occupied, but many others invite the occupancy of those who love good views and the sweep of healthful winds. For some years past it has been the growing practice of intelligent physicians to commend to invalids these hills. The elevation of the township, its freedom from malarious influences, and the purity of its air have of late years been making it the resort of many who once v/ere sent to distant places with less advantage; and indeed all parts of Morris coiinty during the summer are more or less filled up with residents for the season, or tempo- rary boarders who wish to be within easy distance of the city. One who at any season of the year watches the well- filled trains which move so frequently through these towns and villages will be impressed with the new life which railroads bring to such regions; no inconsiderable portion of the people being men whose homes are here with their families, but whose daily toil is in Newark or New York. That this has made a vast change even in the external aspects of the country, and a greater one in the aspects of society, the condition of the churches, the educational influences abroad, and in other ways, is manifest, whatever some may think of the bearings of all these changes. A wonderful result of this railroad opening has been the rise in value of property all over the region ; and es- pecially the appreciation of the choicer sites, so many of which have been purchased for costly houses. There are acres here, which forty years ago would not have brought fifty dollars, which to day several thousand dollars would not purchase." A great deal of money has been ex- pended in the improvement of grounds, in tasteful archi- tecture, in the outward adornment of lawns, exquisite beds of plants and flowers, and rich shrubbery which beautify the dwellings on every road ; while the roads themselves, growing better every year, invite to beautiful drives in every direction — indeed the drives all through Chatham township are not among the least of the attrac- tions of the region. Educational and Religious Beginnings. It is not known how early provision was made for public education, but no doubt the pioneers, who came from the Puritan stock, followed the example of New England and "near the school-house built the church." The Rev. Jacob Green at the time of the Rev- olutionary war was fulfilling his long and able ministry in the Hanover church. His son, Ashbel Green, about the year 1780 was a teacher in the district school of Bottle Hill, while continuing the course of studies which, fol- lowed out, fitted him afterward for the position of presi- dent of the College of New Jersey. At this point it will be in order to speak of the origi- nal church in Chatham township, because in New Jersey, as in New England, the history of any of our ancient churches is largely the history of the community up to a certain stage. igo HISTORY OF MOkRIS COUNTY.' As to the earliest religious ordinances, where the peo- ple met, how their Sabbbath services were conducted, who preached for them, we are left to conjecture. But we risk nothing in believing that from the beginning the pub- lic worship of God was maintained; that in private houses and in barns the fathers and mothers gathered their families together on the Lord's day, to hear the glad tidings of Christ and to offer public thanksgiving and prayer. For about thirty years after the first settlers crossed the mountains there was no church edifice, nor, so far as is known, any church organization in all this region. The old Presbyterian church at Whippanong had the honor of precedence. We say had, for the old church is not in existence now, and is not to be confounded with the present church of Whippany, whose edifice .stands on ■quite another site, and the organization of which did not take place for more than a century afterward. The original deed by which three and a half acres were given " for a meeting-house, school-house, burying ground and training field," begins with the words: " I, John Bur- roughs, of Whippanong, in the county of Hunterdon," and bears date September 2nd 1718. This was twenty years before the organization of the first church in Morristown, which is the eldest child of this old mother. The building stood on the present burying ground, a little northwest of the gate. It was a much smaller and humbler structure than either of the very plain churches subsequently built on Hanover Neck or Bottle Hill; a little shingled house, without cupola or spire, with outside stairways up to the galleries. It has long since passed away; but fifty years ago its foundation walls could be plainly traced, and twenty years later there " was a hol- low which clearly marked the place of the old edifice." Surely the spot is worthy of an enduring monument. To this primitive church, from all the wide extent of territory round about, came the worshipers of that early day. The villages of Hanover Neck, Parsippany, New Vernon, Mendham, Boonton and Chatham were not yet in existence, and there was no house of worship of any order in Rockaway, Morristown^ Green Village or Bottle Hill. Chatham in the Revolution. Such, as we have described them, were the general aspects of this region during the period which preceded the war of the Revolution. The people, being either directly or remotely of New England origin, maintained the love for civil and religious freedom which brought the Pilgrim fathers from the old world to the new. They entered with enthusiasm into the great national struggle, and during: the long years of the war bore at least their full share in its sacrifices, as their descendants have shared in its great and benign results. President Tuttle calls attention to the " singular fact that in a national work, Sparks's ' Writings of Washing- ton,' on the map of military movements in New Jersey Bottle Hill is not even put down, nor any reference made to the main encampment that winter of 1776-7 near Bottle Hill, in the Lowantica Valley. Nor is any allu- sion made to it in that other great national book Los- sing's ' Field Book of the Revolution.' " Lowantica Valley, so called from the Indian name of the brook which runs through it, begins near Morristown, and runs southeast for about five miles toward Green Village. It is now more commonly called Spring Valley. It is beautiful and well watered, and was then heavily timbered. Of the stream itself Mr. Tuttle says: " It is an unusually clear stream, formed from the springs which abound in the valley, and which gush forth in all their natural purity at almost every step. Flowing down in the general direction of the valley it empties into the Passaic, and constitutes thus one of the principal sources of that river." This valley was chosen by Washington for the winter quarters of the army during the winter of 1776-77. For this purpose the valley and the whole re- gion round about were admirably adapted. Among the ranges of mountains extending from the Delaware to the Hudson, it had easy communication with the posts upon those rivers; several prominent peaks enabled the patriots to kindle beacon fires from Short Hills to Bottle Hill, to Morristown and beyond Denville, so that the movements of the British troops were again and again frustrated as the fires on the mountain top and the signal guns from point to point roused the inhabitants and called the troops to arms. This whole region also was well culti- vated, abounding in supplies for the troops, and, perhaps more than all, the patriotism of the inhabitants of Morris county burned clear and high, giving to Washington and the American army true sympathy and invaluable practi- cal aid. It was early in the war, and at a critical time, when the army came here. The great and unexpected suc- cesses at Trenton and Princeton had encouraged the hearts of the people, but the troops were in a very wretched condition, in need of food and rest, of ammu- nition and of clothes. We will quote here at some length the words of Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, as we are indebted almost solely to him for all these interesting facts, which he gathered with great care and labor. If they should be put into other words, still the narrative would be his: " The American forces were in fine spirits, and, the winter having set in, Washington determined to conduct them into winter quarters. He led them from Princeton, through Pluckamin, Basking Ridge, New Vernon, thence by the grist-mill belonging to Mr. Beaunlain Boisaubin, near Green Village, thence around the corner occupied by Moses Lindsley, thence along the road from Green Village to Morristown; and thence over to the ground which had been selected for the encampment in the valley on the farms now belonging to A. M. Tredwell and W. M. Kitchel. The number of the troops is nowhere stated, but we have reason to believe that it was about three thousand. The weather at the time was exceedingly cold. Pitching their tents at first wherever they could find places for them, they continued to occu])y them until they were able to construct more substantial and comfortable accommodations. The center of the ground marked out for the encamp- ment was not far from the present mansion of Mr. WASHINGTON'S TROOPS IN CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. 191 A. M. Tredwell. The ground at that point gradually desends toward the southeast, and is shielded by the crown of hill back of it from the severe winds and storms from north, northeast and west. A little south of it runs the Lowantica, and still nearer are several large and ex- cellent springs. The encampment began on the slope, west of the spot occupied by Mr. Tredwell's residence. One principal street, between four and five rods wide, was laid out in the middle, in the center of which stood the flagstaff, which by this time had come to be called the ' liberty pole,' from the top of which floated our na- tional banner. This street was kept in excellent condi- tion, and was used as a parade ground, although there is reason to believe that the fine level space on the hill, north of the camp, was used for this purpose on special occasions, such as general parades and reviews. The general direction of the main street was northwest and southeast. On this were constructed the cabins of the officers, which were somewhat larger than those which were put up for the soldiers. On either side of this lead- ing avenue were one or two other streets running in the same general direction, and about forty feet in width. On these the cabins of the soldiers were built, in some cases single, but oftener in blocks of three, four and five together; whilst outside of them, especially on the north- ern side, others were constructed without any special ref- erence to streets, but rather in reference to the character of the ground, the side hill there being indented with sev- eral deep gullies. The cabins — of which all the aged people in the vicinity agree there were a large number, probably as many as three hundred in all — were made of unhewn logs and covered with rough clapboards split but of the forest. In one end of each cabin a rough stone fireplace was thrown up, surmounted by a plastered stick chimney, while in the other end of each structure a board bunk was erected which reached across the entire end of the cabin, and, filled with straw, accommodated ten or twelve soldiers. Huge fires were kept continually blazing day and night. Several very large cabins were erected for the accommodation of the commissary de- partment, and camp stores; and these are believed to have been located on the southern borders of the camp, in the vicinity of the springs referred to. In that part of the camp were also the cabins of the sutlers, who drove a brisk trade in various groceries, especially in whiskey. A little farther down toward the stream rude sheds were built for the shelter of the horses, and here too the bag- gage and artillery wagons were drawn up in lines. On the outermost limits of the encampment several log guard-houses were built for the sentinels, whose duty it was, in regular beats, to pass back and forth, along the four sides of the camp, day and night." This minute account was derived, by the author of it, from several aged people who had resided all their lives in or near the valley, and who distinctly remembered the camp from having often been in it during the winter when it was occupied. It will be interesting to the pres- ent inhabitants of this region, who can easily identify the spots where lay the main army of the new republic through all that dismal winter. In addition to these forces three regiments of New England troops were posted near by, to be in readiness, if need be, for action on the Delaware. These were for the most part billeted in private houses through this "township. Here again we quote the words of Mr. Tuttle, whose information came from aged eye witnesses, and who gives us an animated picture of the times: " Every house throughout this region was filled to its utmost capacity with either officers or soldiers. Persons appointed by the commander-in-chief passed through the towns and examined the houses, and, without much con- sultation with the owners, decided how many and who should be quartered in each; often without even going into the house, these persons would ride up to the door and write: 'Col. Ogden's headquarters,' 'Major Eaton's headquarters,' 'twelve privates to be billeted here,' 'six officers to be quartered here,' &c., and generally without much regard to the convenience or wishes of the occu- pants the arrangements of these commissioners were car- ried out. In many cases the best rooms were placed at the disposal of the troops, while the families owning them retired into their kitchens and garrets. Boards were set up on the floor, across the side of the room opposite to the hearth, just far enough from the wall to admit of a person lying down at full length. This space was then filled with good wholesome straw, and there all the sol- diers billeted in a house, numbering sometimes six, some- times twelve and sometimes even twenty, crowded in together, and, covering themselves each with a single blanket, while the fires were kept burning, defended themselves as best they could from the severities of those stern winter nights. In some cases the' soldiers had their meals provided by the families with which they were quartered, while in others they drew their rations and prepared them for themselves, as is generally done in camp." As is known to all, Washington's headquarters were in Morristown, the general himself being housed in the hotel kept by Colonel Jacob Arnold, the famous "light horse" commander, as related on page 115, and with him there or in other houses near by were some of his most eminent generals and his military fam- ily; but a number of the leading officers of the army had their homes in the residences of the best families in Chatham township; among these were General Wayne, General Maxwell, Colonel Ogden, Colonel Barbour and others. " In some cases the families of the officers were with them, and in this way a very pleasant society was kept up here during the winter.'' These burdens seem to have been cheerfully borne by these families. "AaVon Kitchel and his father, Joseph Kitchel, of Hanover, gave up the larger of their two houses, on condition that the old people might have the other, required only to take care of three sick English prisoners. The late Rev. Dr. Ashbel Green remembered that his father's family consisted of nine individuals; and, as well as can ' be recollected, fourteen officers and sol- diers were quartered in the same building. The- Sayres, Richards, Ely, Beach, Kitchel, Smith, Tuttle and othet families were served in the same way; making no com- plaint." Dr. J. F. Tuttle, who gives the above particu- lars, makes mention of Mrs. Anna Kitchel, a devout Christian and patriot who, having rooms and free pro- visions for at least twelve soldiers, did indeed protest when an officer attempted to billet forty hungry fellows upon them; for whom however they hung over the fire the large kettle holding half a barrel, filled with meat and potatoes and other vegetables. Among the good men who performed high service here of another- kind were certain clergymen who officiated as army chaplains. It is well known that the general 192 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. orders of Washington to the army, as well as all his pub- lic papers, breathe the spirit of humble reverence to Al- mighty God. No commander would be more sure to provide relig- ious services for his troops. There can be no reasonable doubt that the Rev. Mr. Horton was called to this service, well known as he was for his sturdy patriotism and cour- age. The minister whose services there were best known was, however, the famous James Caldwell, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Elizabeth. Dr. Tuttle says that "on the Sabbath when the weather would admit of it he preached to the soldiers on the parade ground, from a temporary platform; at other times discharging his high office in the cabins of both officers and privates, in conversing with individuals, in ministering consolation and instruction to the sick and dying, and in performing the last rites of religion at the graves of those who had died. Here it may be said that such ministrations as these were greatly needed during that long and dreadful win- ter. Added to the many hard trials of the camp, that dread scourge smallpox broke out among the troops. That benign discovery vaccination was not then known, and Washington (February 5th 1777) writes to Congress: " The smallpox has made such head in every quarter that I find it impossible to keep it from spreading through the whole army in the natural way. I have therefore determined not only to inoculate all the troops here that have not had it, but I shall order Dr. Shippen to in- oculate the recruits also, as fast as they come to Phila- delphia." Dr. Ashbel Green, who was then a youth of about seventeen years, says in his autobiography: "The troops were distributed in the dwellings of the in- habitants, and the surgeons of the army inoculated both soldiers and citizens free of charge. The disease by in- oculation was so light that there was not, probably, a day in which the army could not have been marched against the enemy if it had been necessary." Nevertheless the deaths among the soldiers must have been many. One or two churches appear to have been occupied as smallpox hospitals, and a number of private houses were set apart for the purpose of inoculation and as smallpox hospitals. One of these was a house on the Green Village road leading from Morristown and passing along the camp ground; the house was then owned by James Brookfield, whose devoted wife, as Mr. Tuttle says, " is deserving of a monument for the self-sacrificing efforts which she put forth to relieve the sufferings and comfort the last hours of our patriotic soldiers who were placed under her roof." All the rooms in this house were kept full of the sick, many of whom died and were buried in the orchard about five hundred yards northwest of the house. " Nothing now remains to mark the place of their burial, but there must have been a very consider- able number interred there during that fearful winter." The following extract from Mr. Tuttle's address pos- sesses great interest: '■ The principal hospital in the vicinity of the camp was a large house which belonged at that time to a German gentleman of the name of Harperee, on the farm which now belongs to Mr. J. J. Scofield, on the old road from this place to Morristown. The house stood about a quarter of a mile south of the above thorough- fare, and on ground which sloped toward the south, so that it could not be seen from the road. It was a one- and-a-half-story house, having four rooms on the lower floor and a greater number on the upper, about one and a half miles northwest of the center of the camp; and in many respects admirably adapted to the object for which it was used. Here large numbers of soldiers at different times saw the last of earth. The place where, they were buried, it is said, is still to be seen, in the southwest cor- ner of the Harperee farm. A triangular piece of ground containing at least three-quarters of an acre, surrounded by an old-fashioned worm fence, and filled with mounds as closely as they could be placed, in regular rows, was the place where these unfortunate men, unblest with the sympathy of wives or sisters or mothers, were committed to the dust." During all this winter the inhabitants of this region were kept in a continual state of commotion. A com- pany of armed sentinels were kept stationed night and day on Prospect Hill, a crest of the Short Hills, a little off the main road leading to Springfield and nearly in front of the " Hobart mansion." This point commands a view of the whole region east of the mountain, includ- ing New York Bay, Staten Island, Newark, Elizabeth and Springfield, so that all the movements of the enemy in all these directions could be at once seen. It also commands a view of the whole region west of the moun- tain to the hills behind Morristown, embracing Basking Ridge and the hills on the south, and over to Whippany, and across the State line to the mountains of Orange county, N. Y. These sentinals had here an eighteen- pounder cannon, known everywhere then by the name of "the old sow," which was fired as an alarm gun; here also they constructed a beacon 'light of dry rails, built around a high pole and surmounted by a tar barrel. Aged people relate how their fathers hurried forth, hastily arming themselves, when the report of the old cannon shook the hills, or when the beacon light blazed from the peak and was answered from hill to hill far up the country. All eyes at night would be cast toward the Short Hill summit ere the people went to sleep. Mr. Tuttle draws another animated picture, thus: " There was continual excitement and solicitude. The alarm gun was firing, or the beacon light was burning, or the sounds of the fife and drum were heard, or compan- ies of soldiers were passing and repassing, or the minute men of the vicinity were hurrying back and forth, or the commander in chief and his suite and life-guards were going from or returning to headquarters, or some general parade was taking place upon the camp ground, or some tory spies were seen prowling about, or some company of the enemy's troops under the conduct of tory guides was committing depredations in various parts of the country, or some other thing of a similar character was continu- ally occurring to keep those who resided here in a state of excitement and fear. And it was no unusual thing to see General Washington and his accomplished lady, mounted on bay horses, and accompanied by their faith- ful mulatto ' Bill,' and fifty or sixty mounted guards passing through the village, with all eyes upon them." ' Army life is no friend to good morals. The encamp- REVOLUTIONARY PATRIOTS OF CHATHAM. 193 merit of the American army here was no exception to this rule. The autobiography of Dr. Ashbel Green gives sad proof of the corruption of the army, both ofificers and men. Gambling was almost universal in the camp, and prevailed also in the private houses where the soldiers were billeted. Young Green, who early imbibed the spirit of his father, became a patriot and was enrolled among the minute men, although the highest office to which he attained was that of orderly sergeant in the mil- itia. Being remarkably intelligent, and connected as he was, he became familiar with many officers of rank in the American army. He testifies that infidelity prevailed extensively among them, and indeed we know from other sources that it was well nigh universal. Green himself caught the skeptical spirit and was not rescued from his infidelity for several years. Dissatisfied with his state of mind, after reading some of the ablest defenses of Christianity, it occurred to him that the fairest way to settle the question was by an examination of the Bible itself. Accordingly he took up the New Testament as if it were a new book, with candor and with that vigor of thought for which he was always remarkable, and he had not gone through with the four Evangelists before he abandoned his skepticism, and gave. his life to the high ends which occupied all his subsequent years. But not all were thus led who came under these hostile influences of the day. The effect of that winter's en- campment was disastrous to the social and religious con- dition of the whole region; not more fatal was the small- pox, against which such barriers were erected, than the spirit of infidelity and general wickedness which seems to have spread among all classes of the people. Other evils were experienced. In various ways many lives were lost, some of them those of valuable citizens. " It is a fact that does honor to our ancestors dwelling in this township that, while they were doing so much to promote the welfare of the country, by opening their doors and their granaries to the American forces,- all of them who were able to bear arms were engaged in one way or another, in actively opposing the movements of the enemy. A large number of our most valuable citi- zens enlisted in the army at the very commencement of the war, and continued with it through all its various stages, to its close." Others enlisted as "minute men," ready for service at a moment's warning, and were often called to service. Mr. Tuttle in his Fourth of July ad- dress gives the names of some of these men; and it seems fitting that in this history of Chatham township, which will be read by some of the descendants of these men, their names should be handed down. "Among them were Lieutenant Silas Hand, John Mil- ler, Samuel Denman, John Cook, George Minthorn, Ja- bez Tichenor, Lieutenant Noadiah Wade, Surgeon Peter Smith, Captain Benjamin Carter, Lieutenant John Rob- erts Luke Miller, Josiah Burnet, Jeremiah Carter, Cor- nelius Genung, Captain Thompson of the New Jersey artillery (who had both legs shot off at the battle of Springfield, and who died urging his company never to give up to the enemy), Captain Eliakim Little, also of the New Jersey artillery (whose company by desperate fighting held the enemy at bay for two hours, until they were relieved and the enemy routed), Samuel, Paul and John Bonnel, Robert Pollard (who was shot through the body at Connecticut Farms, and yet survived many years after the war was concluded), Ephraim Sayre, James Brookfield, Samuel Day, Ellis Cook, Caleb Horton (son of the first pastor of this village), Joseph Bruen, Ben- jamin Harris, Captain William Day, Benjamin Bonnel (who assisted in carting the guns which were captured by our troops in a British sloop which was grounded in the Elizabethtown Creek, to the armory at Morristown), Lieutenent Stephen Day, Captain John Howell, Colonel Seeley, and others. Of the famous company of life- guards which accompanied Washington through all his movements during the war, four, at least, are known to have been residents of Bottle Hill, their names being Samuel Pierson, Benjamin Bonnel, Nathaniel Crane and Daniel Vreeland, all of whom lived several years after the war in this vicinity." Of these men, Samuel Pierson was a fine horseman, and a man of great courage and strength, whom Wash- ington intrusted with several important and perilous commissions. In carrying out one of these during the battle of Monmouth Pierson was compelled to ride right in front of the enemy's line of battle, and in full range of their guns ; two horses were shot under him, one of which in falling injured the rider's leg, but he was mounted on a third horse, and carried out the command- er's orders. Washington warmly commended him, and said, " I feared when you set out with the orders that I should never see you again." In this important and bloody engagement a number of the leading men of this town took part, among whom was Ephraim Sayre, a deacon of the church, who at this time was an officer in the commissary department. When the news of the battle was received here there was great rejoicing, the young men of Rev. Ebenezer Bradford's classical school leading the demonstration by the burning of tar-barrels, firing of guns, and illuminations. The courage and privations of the women of Chatham township deserve lasting record. Besides the burdens of which we have spoken, and the anxiety and sorrow over husbands and sons in battle and camp, exposed or dead, many of them all through the war actually per- formed the labors of men upon the farm. They plowed and harrowed the fields, sowed and cut the grain and the erass, threshed out the grain, and took it to the mill ; no- bly enduring these hard toils to support the large families dependent on them while husbands, fathers, brothers and sons were far off in camp or field. The assessments made for provisions for the army were burdensome, and sometimes were made somewhat imperiously. The late J. H. Woodruff, of Columbia, tells of an account given by his grandmother, "when an offi- cer came to their house and went through it from cellar to garret, inspecting all their provision; and after calculating how much the family would need before the next crop came in informed them that an officer would be there soon, to whom they must give so much of this and so much of that, or he would take it by force. While the winter of iTjb-'] was the last-in which there was a regular encampment of the army in this town, yet the inhabitants were by no means free from the sights 194 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. and sounds of war. During the next winter head- quarters were at Middle Brook, about ten miles north- west of New Brunswick. Many officers and privates were, however, located here: some of them perhaps in the cabins which remained on the Lowantica, but the greater number billeted as before in private houses, and put into the best rooms. Several of the distinguished officers of the army made their headquarters here. In the fall of this, the opening year of the war, the New Je> sey Journal — the first newspaper ever published in the State — was removed from Elizabethtown to Chatham. Its editor, Sheppard Kollock, was a bold and earnest patriot, and neither he nor his journal was safe after the British entered Elizabethtown. Mr. Kollock judged that Chatham was as safe a place as any, and a place from which he could make his influence felt abroad. Hither he brought his types and presses, and occupied the west end of the old tavern house; in the garden of which, until recent years, old types used to be dug up, which had been swept out by the printer boys. After about three years Mr. Kollock purchased the building in Bottle Hill where Rev. Mr. Bradford's famous classical school had been held, Mr. Bradford having removed from the place. This building was carried down to Chatham vil- lage, was turned into a printing and press room, and from it was issued that staunch old paper which went out into all parts of the land, exerting a powerful influence in up- holding the cause of independence and strengthening the hands of Washington. At the close of the war Mr. Kol- lock removed back to Elizabethtown, where the old paper still lives in pristine vigor. The old edifice which was put to such honored uses by Bradford and Kollock is still standing in Chatham, opposite the Presbyterian church, and is occupied as a dwelling house. Its connec- tion with Methodism in Chatham will be mentioned on a future page. In the year 1779, on the 13th of December, a large de- tachment of our army passed through Chatham up toward Bottle Hill, and pitched their tents for the night on either side of the road, reaching from the old meeting-house on the hills to the grounds now occupied by Mr. Seaman. Mrs. Sarah Richards, who is remembered by many here, used to describe tlie scene as she saw it the next morn- ing, when the soldiers were preparing breakfast, and the smoke curled through the valley and over the hills. A large number of officers took breakfast at her father's house. In an hour or two they struck their tents and marched toward Kimball Hill, where they were joined by the main body of the army, coming down from the north, and where they all went into winter quarters. During that winter also a number of officers and many privates were quartered here as before; and Washington, having resumed his headquarters at Morristown, was seen often to pass through Bottle Hill and Chatham, to take his stand on Prospect Hill, where with his glass in hand he would spend hours in taking observations. On one of these occasions he was seen to be accompanied by America's distinguished friend the Marquis de la Fayette. The signals were kept in readiness, and the bridge over the Passaic at Chatham was kept well guarded. This bridge was an important pass, and trusty men were placed there to know the plans and purposes of all who passed over — for the times were perilous, and there were traitors and tories all about. Young Ashbel Green was sentinel there at one time, and there is record of one man who was summarily shot down in attempting to pass the guard. The mention of Lafayette recalls a bright episode of those dark days. Lieutenant D'Anteroche, one of the aids of the marquis, fell in love with Miss Vanderpool, of Chatham. The country was in such a distracted state, and the inhabitants here were so closely watched, that there could be no large gatherings of any kind, and so they could have no home wedding, but came with their friends to the parsonage at Bottle Hill and were there married, by Rev. Mr. Br.idford. The country between Chatham and New York was so annoyed by the enemy that no purchases could be made for the bride's trous- seau, and so it was sent to her from France by the lieu- tenant's friends. It was while the army was encamped on Kimball Hill that the daring attempt was made to capture General Washington. On a dark and stormy night a party of British cavalry, landing at Elizabeth Point, started toward Morristown, which is but about seventeen miles' ride. They evaded the sentries at Short Hills, crossed the Passaic unperceived, and reached Bottle Hill; but by that time the storm had increased, and a crust of ice covering the snow cut their horses' feet, and compelled an unwilling and hasty return. They were guided by an American, but who he was, and whether he was a traitor or was compelled to this ignoble service is not known. The attempt when it became known startled the army and the people. It was during this winter that gallant Lord Stirling made his partially successful raid on the enemy on Staten Island, passing on his way to and from Green Village, Bottle Hill and Chatham by daylight, and crossing from Elizabethport in the night. The winter of 1779-80 was a dark period of the war. Part of the American army was stationed at West Point, but the principal division was again in this part of New Jersey,with Washington at his well known "headquarters" in Morristown. The winter set in early, and was exces- sively severe, the cold increasing until the bay of New York was frozen over. It is said to have been the se- verest winter ever experienced in this part of the coun- try. Speaking of this time Irving says: "The dreary encampment at Valley Forge has become proverbial for its hardships; yet they were scarcely more severe than those suffered by Washington's army while hutted among the heights of Morristown. The transportation of sup- plies was obstructed, the magazines were exhausted and there was neither money nor credit to replenish them. The men were sometimes without meat, sometimes with- out bread, sometimes without both. Clothing and blankets were scarce, and Wa.shington writes: ' Both offi- cers and men have been almost perishing with want.' " BRITISH RAIDS TOWARD CHATHAM. 195 At one time, when the deep snows obstructed the main routes, the army was wholly subsisted by local help. Provisions came in with hearty good will from the farmers in Mendham, Chatham, Hanover and other places, together with stockings, shoes, coats and blankets, while the women met together to knit and sew for the soldiers." A venerable matron of Green Village used to tell how " on winter mornings the ordinary work of the family would often be suspended, and the time spent in baking buckwheat cakes for the soldiers, who would come and beg for a warm breakfast." It is such a picture as this that brings up to our eyes and hearts the sad yet grateful memories of those old days. The winter passed and the summer opened with great excitement and alarm to this region. Lieutenant Gen- eral Knyphausen was in command in New York, while Sir Henry Clinton was absent with the army and the fleet in the soxith. A recent outbreak in the American camp had come to his ears, and encouraged him with the hope that with a superior force he could push out to Morris- town, capture the main depot of army supplies, and drive " the rebels" out of the Jerseys. He calculated also on "the general discontent among the people of New Jer- sey, and expected to rally back the inhabitants to their allegiance to the crown." On the night of June 5th, with five thousand men, part of them the famous Cold- stream guards, all splendidly appointed, with a fine sup- ply of light artillery, Knyphausen, having sailed down the bay to Staten Island, crossed the Kill von Kull and landed at Elizabethport. Before dawn they were on their way, and had come to the forks of the road leading into the town when a solitary American sentinel chal- lenged the dark mass approaching, and, receiving no an- swer, fired. That shot was a fatal omen, for it unhorsed Brigadier General Sterling, who was in advance and who was carried to the rear mortally wounded. The delay caused by this gave a little time for the alarm to spread, and for Colonel Dayton with his hastily armed militia to come together and begin to harass the advancing army, firing at them from behind walls, thickets and fences. Swift news came up to the Short Hills, the old eighteen- pounder began to thunder, the ready tar barrel was pres- ently in a blaze, and signals went from hill to hill. The whole country was at once intensely excited, and the minute men and the militia flocked together under com- mand of General Maxwell, a ready and able officer. Washington at once set his forces in motion to secure the passes of the Short Hills. Maxwell pushed forward to Connecticut Farms, and was joined by Colonel Day- ton, who was retreating and annoying the enemy step by step. The British artillery, however, came to the front, and our forces were pushed, backward until Springfield was nearly reached, and Knyphausen paused to recon- noitre. He found the village occupied by Maxwell, who had rallied his forces there, the militia drawn up. to dis- pute his passage over the river, and Washington with his whole force strongly posted among the passes of the Short Hills. It was now toward evening, and this great array of disciplined troops had been held in check and delayed by less than two thousand hastily armed militia till it was too late and. very perilous to advance farther. A halt was called, ground chosen for the night and pick- ets sent out. Washington expected an attack in the morning, but, as a British officer with the army wrote, "about 10 o'clock the whole army got in motion and moved off." He describes the retreat as a very wretched one. " It was the darkest night I ever remember, with the heaviest rain, thunder and lightning known for years; the horfes were frightened and the whole army had once or twice to be halted. Nothing can be imagined more awful. The terrible thunder, the darkness, the houses of Connecticut Farms in a blaze, dead bodies on the road, and the dread of the enemy completed the scene of horror." The whole vaunted expedition was a wretched failure. Its main trophies were the ashes of the houses and church of Connecticut Farms, first pillaged and then burned; and the dead body of the courageous and accomplished wife of Chaplain Caldwell, deliberately shot through the breast by a British soldier, as she was sitting with two little children and a maid in an inner room of the house. She was connected with the choicest families of New Jersey, and universally and deservedly loved. Caldwell was with Washington that night in the Short Hills. His wife had remained in the village against his advice. Next -morning he hastened to Connecticut Farms and found the village in ashes and his wife dead. The most reliable account of this sad affair says that Mrs. Cald- well was sitting on the bed, her youngest son (Elias Bou- dinot, a two-year-old boy) playing on the floor, and the babe (Maria) in the arms of the nurse. The nurse, look- ing out of the window, said, " A red-coat soldier has jumped over the fence, and is coming with a gun." The little boy called out, " Let me see !" and ran toward the window. Mrs. Caldwell rose from the bed, and at that moment the soldier fired his musket at her through the window; it was loaded with two balls, which both passed through her body. She died instantly. The babe, Maria, grew to maturity, married a New York merchant, died in a good old age, and was buried in the old graveyard of the First Presbyterian church in Elizabeth, beside her father and mother. Knyphausen was greatly stung by his defeat, and lin- gered a few days on Staten Island. Just then Sir Henry Clinton, returning from the south with his fleet and army, sailed up the harbor and landed his troops upon the island. Sir Henry determined on a second attempt, "hoping to get possession of the difficult passes and de- files among which Washington's army was so securely posted, and which constituted the strength of that part of the county." On the 23d of June, with a force five thousand strong, a large body of cavalry and fifteen or twenty pieces of artillery, his army crossed the Kill von Kull, and by early morning had pushed up toward Spring- field. Washington, two days before, having reason to fear for the safety of West Point, had moved with the main body of his troops toward Pompton; but, suspicious that the threat upon West Point was a feint, moved 27 iq6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. warily and slowly, and took the precaution to leave Gen- eral Greene in force at Short Hills. When about eleven miles beyond Morristown, at Rockaway Bridge, he learned that Knyphausen was again advancing toward Morristown. He detached a brigade to Greene's help and fell back himself, so as to be in supporting distance. As the morning broke the British approach was seen, and again the eighteen-pounder and the tar barrel on Pros- pect Hill were fired, and again the whole country was aroused as before. The burning of Connecticut Farms and the brutal murder of Mrs. Caldwell had exasperated the people almost to fury, so that in 'greater numbers and under better discipline, and flushed with their recent success, the militia and minute men joined the force under Greene. The issue was as before. The British entering Springfield found the continentals strongly posted, with the militia guarding all the passes, and learned also from their scouts of the approach of Wash- ington. There was some severe fighting before and in the village, when the enemy took up their line of retreat, burning Springfield as they passed through and the Presbyterian church, the only one in the place. They were pursued by a portion of the regulars and the mad- dened militia, who hung upon their rear, galling them until they reached Elizabethtown. It was in the heat of the engagement here that a well known incident occurred, with a touch of humor. Par- son Caldwell found that wadding had failed some of the troops; rushing into the church he ran out again with his arms full of hymn books, and, flinging them among the troops, shouted out, " Put Watts into them, boys ! " A very good use of the hymn books, since " the battle was no doubt the Lord's.'' During that night the British forces crossed the creek and passed to Staten Island; then destroyed their bridge of boats, and never made another attempt to occupy New Jersey. These years of trial had been a school of war indeed, had made veterans out of farmers, and stirred all patriotic hearts to their depths. Alexander Hamilton, speaking of the close of the campaign of 1777, and of the way in which Washington held the greatly superior forces of Cornwallis in severe check, says: " There was presented the extraordinary spectacle of a powerful army straitened within narrow limits by the phantom of a military force, and never per- mitted to transgress those limits with impunity." Irving speaks of the British army as " held in check by Wash- ington and his handful of men, castled among the heights of Morristown;'' and in closing his account of these memorable days, writes thus: " These ineffectual at- tempts of a veteran general to penetrate these fastnesses, though at the head of a veteran force, which would once have been deemed capable of sweeping the whole conti- nent before it, were a lasting theme of triumph to the inhabitants; and it is still the honest boast among the people of Morris county that ' the enemy were never able to get a footing among our hills.' " The reminiscences of these battles, of course, were many. Hundreds who were not called to take arms rushed down to the summit of Short Hills to witness the engagements, among them old Parson Green, of Hanover. The late Deacon Ichabod Bruen, who died at a very advanced age, used to relate how when he was six years of age the alarm gun was heard one morning in Mr. Bradford's school, and the school was at 'once dismissed. The little boy ran home — the home was the house that stands on the hill, next cast of the residence of E. W. Samson, now owned and occupied by Henry Brunz — and found that his father, who was a minute man, had gone to Springfield, and his mother was busy loading up a wagon at the door with their best articles of furniture, fearing it might be necessary to carry them to a place of safety. Many of the men of this township were in these battles. Some of them were killed and more of them were wounded. It was here that Captain Thomas of the ar- tillery had both legs shot off, and, lifting himself upon his mangled limbs, waved his sword, and cried as he sunk down to die, " Fight on, my boys! never give it up! " It was here that Eliakim Little, with his small company and a few pieces of artillery, held at bay a large body of the enemy for two mortal hours, until the general retreat. Many others died, or carried the wounds of that hot fight all the rest of their days. Several of our wounded men died at the tavern on the east side of the Passaic, opposite Chatham. British officers and soldiers, prison- ers, were taken to Morristown, on their way stopping at the tavern here near the liberty pole, where old Mrs. Richards said she saw the " red coats " moving in and out. The gallant conduct of Parson Caldwell in this battle, and his great loss, endeared him to the troops and the people more than ever. Whenever he came here he had a glad welcome. His home was apt to be that of his be- loved friend Deacon Ephraim Sayre, in whose front room, on the south end of the house, he used to preach. " standing in the southwest corner of the room, the people of the whole neighborhood gathering there to hear him." The house of Deacon Sayre referred to is the one now occupied by D. S. Evans, on- Academy Hill, the property being still owned by the descendants of the old Christian' patriot. Mr. Tuttle narrates that once when Caldwell was about to preach in the open air, in Chat- ham, while a stage was in process of erection, an old sol- dier crowded through the throng, and said, " Let me have the honor of being his platform; let him stand on my body; nothing is too good for Parson Caldwell." His popularity indeed with all the patriots throughout this region was unbounded; while no man was more feared and hated by the tories and the British, unless it were his parishioner Governor Livingston, for whose capture or whose assassination the British authorities offered a re- ward. Those who would know more of Rev. James Caldwell will find further particulars in Dr. Murray's ■' Notes Concerning Elizabethtown," but much fuller in- formation in Dr. E. F. Hatfield's " History of Elizabeth." He was a remarkable man, whether viewed as preacher pastor or patriot; of fine ability, of most unselfish aims, LAST PATRIOT ENCAMPMENTS IN CHATHAM TOWNSHIP. 197 fearless courage and trust in God, and of great and valu- able service to his country. He was murdered at Elizabeth Point, by a man named Morgan, " one of the rebel twelve-months men." When the news of Caldwell's death reached this place his faithful friend Deacon Sayre hastened to Elizabethtown, and brought up to Bottle Hill and to his own house six children of these murdered parents. Here they were provided for until permanent provision was made for them elsewhere. These children cherished a great reverence for their father's friend, calling him their foster father. General Anthony Wayne, who was in command at the time of the mutiny of the New Jersey troops, in January 1781, had his headquarters at the house of Deacon Ephraim Sayre. " The gen- eral's life-guards were stationed in the kitchen in the rear of the main house; while the room occupied by the general was the front room on the north end of the house. A small mulatto servant accompanied him to wait upon him; and in order to encourage in him the martial spirit the boy was fully armed and equipped with a keen wooden sword, which he took great pride in flour- ishing on all proper occasions." In August 1 781 Washington was about to close up the war, having cooped up Lord Cornwallis and the main British army in Yorktown, Va. Orders were given to. a French regiment and a New Jersey brigade stationed at West Point to move southward to Virginia and unite there with the main army of America in that final struggle. In order to deceive Sir Henry Clinton, then- holding New York, these troops were orifered to form an encampment on the east side of the Passaic, opposite Chatham, and in every way to assume the appearance of being perma- nently quartered there, and with the probable design to an attack on Staten Island, which was a great depot of stores for the British army. Accordingly these troops came down from the north with all their artillery and bag- gage wagons, and made a regular encampment on the land immediately in front of the old tavern, on the south side of ttie road leading over Short Hills to the seaboard. Here they set up their tents, built ovens, and made all necessary arrangements for a great force of men; so that the impression was everywhere made that not these troops alone but a much larger body would be permanently here. The enemy's spies were around, and these things were soon carried to the British camp, creating the desired impression. On a certain evening the camp looked as usual; fires were lighted, sentries were set and the sol- diers ready for the night. In the morning every soldier had disappeared, the artillery and baggage were gone, and nothing was left behind except a long wooden shed under which the ovens had been built. The troops passed up Union Hill, through Green Village and Basking Ridge and on to Yorktown, and gave large help in that last act of the war. For years after the close of the war the ovens stood, as mementoes of this military ruse. This was the last time that Chatham township saw any considerable army, although after the capture of Cornwallis, and while negotiations were pending, a few troops and a number of officers were here. The old par- sonage was rented and occupied by Colonel Barbour; Colonel Matthias Ogden resided with Major Luke Miller, in the old Miller homestead which is still standing, and Major Woodruff took up his abode with Deacon Sayre. So the winter of 1782 passed away, the sounds of war dying out, with only an occasional reminder as some ex- press-rider would dash through with dispatches, or a company of soldiers returned north or south, or baggage wagons were driven along these roads leading to the great centers. On the igth of April 1783, exactly eight years after the battle of Lexington, the news was announced that articles of peace had been signed. Six weeks after that the American army was disbanded, and the New Jersey sol- diers came home. The old log cabins in Lowantica Val- ley were sold at auction, many of them being taken down and set up for various uses in the vicinity; occupied, some of them, for half a century afterward. How few who ride through the beautiful valley and cross its stream think of the old scenes enacted there; of the anxiety, sorrow and pain, and of the deaths witnessed there a hundred years ago. Time, which has obliterated the mounds where so many were buried, has long since blotted out the names of nearly all of these unknown patriots. " On Fame's eternal camping ground Their silent tents are spread ; And Glory guards, with solemn round. The bivouac of the dead." It has seemed to the writer that the Revolutionary days of Chatham township deserved and demanded the extended notice he has thus given them. Then was the special historic era of this whole region, the period of its highest honor, and also of its greatest sacrifices; those were the days unto which the inhabitants of this place, and especially the descendants of the men and women who lived and suffered then, will look back with interest and pride to the latest generations; as also they will long continue to inherit the blessings so painfully se- cured. Another reason for an extended record in these pages exists in the fact that, while this local Revolutionary history is among the most interesting of all connected with the war, and not by any means the least important, yet no general history of the war gives any adequate ac- count of these events; indeed, such account could hardly be expected from writers who have to survey a wide na- tional field; this puts us under deeper obligations to such men as Dr. J. F. Tuttle and his lamented brother, to whose labors we are so much indebted, and also makes it obligatory on us in these pages to enter into these events with some fullness of detail. When the war was ended this part of the State bore many marks of the great conflict. Indeed, deeper traces were left on hardly any other section of the country; and here as elsewhere society emerged but slowly out of the disasters of the long strife. This was true throughout the land, of the whole period during the Revolutionary war, and for many years after it. Society was unhinged, iqS HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. uncertainty and dismay were abroad, young men were in the army, family ties were unloosed, and the churches partook of the calamities of the times. It is distressing to look over the ancient church records of those times, and to see how constant is the recurrence of cases of dis- cipline for the grosser forms of sin; and this continues, with diminishing frequency, down to the memory of many who are yet living. Former Physicians. The early physicians here were men of note. The earliest of whom there is record was Rev. Jacob Green, of Hanover. As is well known not a few clergymen of that day were also among the best physicians. The dis- tinguished Rev. Jonathan Dickinson, of Elizabeth, con- temporary with Green, " studied and practiced' medicine and acquired a high reputation as a physician." Green was a careful student and practitioner of medicine. His salary being small his people encouraged him, saying that country congregations could not have ministers unless ministers would take some care to provide and help sup- port their own families; and voting that " Mr. Green practice physick if he can bair it and the presbytery ap- prove it." He practiced all through this region, with much reputation and success, for thirty years. Dr. Berne (Bernardus) Budd was an early and dis- tinguished practitioner here. His father and grand- father were men of high position in New Jersey, and of great landed estates, the former owning the lands con- tiguous to and including Budd's Lake. The Budd fam- ily was quite famous for the number of medical men it produced. Dr. Berne Budd had a wide reputation as a physician, as well as high social position. Both failed to save him from " the crime of counterfeiting the bills of credit of the province of New Jersey." For this, with four others, also men of high social position, the doctor was convicted and sentenced to be hung; but through the efforts of influential friends these were all reprieved on the morning appointed for their execution, and were subsequently pardoned. His reputation as a physician still kept him in large practice. In 1777 he was army surgeon in a brigade of State troops, and he died in December of that year. He was buried at Columbia Bridge, but his grave has no stone. Dr. John C. Budd succeeded his father, Berne, and practiced here for many years, living in Chatham, in what is known as Budd's lane. He was born in 1762 and lived to a great age, dying in his eighty-fourth year. He is very well remembered by many of the people here, and is usually spoken of as " old Doctor Budd." His skill was in high repute and his practice was widely extended, although he lacked gentleness of manner, and was pro- fane in speech. Dr. John Darcy (who married a granddaughter of Rev. Dr. Johnes of Morristown) was surgeon's mate in Spen- cer's regiment of the continental army in 1777. This regiment was under the immediate command of Wash- ington, of whom and of Lafayette Dr. Darcy was full of anecdotes. After the war he settled in Hanover, prac- ticing in Chatham township, especially as a surgeon, in which department he stood very high, his services being in requisition in distant places. He was a man of most estimable qualities, held in esteem by all men. He died in 1822. During the latter days of " old Dr. Budd" Dr. Jeph- tha B. Munn practiced medicine here, and also Dr. Na- than Bishop, the former residing in Chatham, the latter in Madison. Dr. Bishop's failing health induced him to invite into partnership Dr. Henry P. Green, who came here in 1828. After a few years the former suffered from a stroke of paralysis and returned to Connecticut, his native state, where he died. This left Dr. Green with a large and laborious practice, which he maintained for thirty years, dying October 15th 1858. In addition to his medical cares he took a foremost place in all public plans, being an active member of the Presbyterian church and for many years the president of its board of trustees, and greatly interested in the educational interests of the town, and in the cause of temperance. He was always a courageous and outspoken man, and his influence abides. St. E-lizabeth's Academy, Convent Station, is the mother house of the sisters of charity in the diocese of Newark. This community of sisters of charity was established in Newark in September 1859, by the Rt. Rev. J. R. Bayley, who applied to the superiors of Mt. St. Vincent for sisters to begin the foundation. The two members chosen for this important work were Rev. Mother M. Xavier, the present superioress, and Sister M. Catherine, the mother assistant. To the former we are indebted for this account of the institution: The building selected for their residence was the old " Ward mansion " on Washington street, of which the two foundresses, with five novices, who had been pre- paring for this foundation by a novitiate with the sisters of charity at Cedar Grove, Cincinnati, O., took posses- sion on the feast of St. Jerome, September 30th 1859. Here they labored some time, but finding the building too small and ill adapted for the purpose of novitiate and boarding school, the latter of which was necessary for the support of the novitiate, they were anxious to obtain a larger and more suitable one; and they finally suc- ceeded in purchasing from Bishop Bayley the '' Chegaray mansion," on the Madison and Whippany road. This property, which had been bought four years previous by Bishop Bayley for a college and diocesan seminary, was vacated in June i860 and the pupils transferred to South Orange, where the present college of Seton Hall is located. On the feast of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin, July 2nd i860. Rev. Mother M. Xavier and five sisters took formal possession of the Chegaray mansion, which has ever since borne the title of " St. Elizabeth's Acad- emy," a boarding school for young ladies. The number of pupils rapidly increasing it was found necessary to erect a separate building solely for educa- tional purposes, the old mansion to be exclusively used RESIDENCE OF W^• C . JOH N SON, CHATHA M, N .J . ST. ELIZABETH'S ACADEMY— CHATHAM PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 199 for the community. In 186- a commodious brick edifice 100 feet'long, 50 feet wide and 60 feet high was erected to meet the exigencies. In about two years thereafter it became necessary to build a chapel, which was placed on the south side of the " mansion." The sisters then opened a school for young boys, known as " St. Joseph's Preparatory Boarding School for Boys," in a building erected for the purpose at some distance frorn the con- vent. Here boys from the age of three to thirteen years are taught the requisites for admission into college. This also proved a decided success, and it is to-day in a flourishing condition. Finding the distance from the railroad station to be a .disadvantage to the schools, the sisters built at their own expense a neat frame building known as Convent Station (since removed several hundred yards nearer Morristown and considerably enlarged by the railroad company), at which nearly all the trains stop daily. The distance from the station to their academy was thus reduced to fifteen minutes' walk. The " mansion," with its additions, spacious and large though they were, proved in course of time totally inade- quate to the growing wants both of sisters and pupils; hence they selected a site on higher ground, command- ing an extensive view of the surrounding country, and within five minutes' easy walk from Convent Station, where they began in 1878 the erection of the new St. Elizabeth's Academy, of which the following is a general description: The building is of brown stone, granite and Philadel- phia pressed brick. It has a frontage of 476 feet, the depth to the rear of the chapel being 176 feet, and from its size and fine architectural proportions it is a striking object of view from many sections of the surrounding country. The main building, seven stories high, is 150 feet in height and has two lateral wings, the depth of each of which is 156 feet, and height 112. The wings are five stories high. The northern wing contains an auditorium 90 feet long, 50 feet wide and 30 feet high. The other stories of this wing are reserved for the novitiate of the sisterhood. The southern wing contains the school. The basement serves as a recreation hall; it is 90 feet long, 50 feet wide and 15 feet high. The first story is for the study hall, being of the same dimensions as the last, but 18 feet high. The third story serves for class rooms and the fourth is utilized as dormitories. The interior of the main building is grand and beauti- ful. The building is heated throughout by steam, and nothing that could tend to the comfort of the pupils has been forgotten. Across the corridor, almost opposite the landing of the grand stairway, is the door which opens into the beauti- ful chapel, which is of modern Gothic architecture and is 130 feet deep by 45 in width, and 40 feet in height. The windows are beautifully stained, with life-size representa- tions of religious subjects. The most noteworthy paint- ings on the ceiling are the representation of the Assump- tion of the Blessed Virgin, of the annunciation, and of St. Michael the archangel. Upon the walls within the sanctuary are represented the ascension of our Lord and His resurrection. Within the sanctuary three marble altars are seen. The high or center altar is 18 feet in height and is a perfect specimen of architectural beauty. The side altars, that of St. Joseph on the right, and that of the Blessed Virgin on the left, are each 12 feet high and are in gen- eral keeping with the main one. The ornamental mosaic work of the altars is composed of six species of Italian marble of the most beautiful and costly kind. The pil- lars and ornaments are of Mexican onyx and Egyptian porphyry. The different species and colors of the mar- ble used form a rare combination and produce a grand and imposing general effect. The style of architecture is florid ornamental gothic, and the altar, entire, is said to be the most costly and elegant in America. During the twenty-two years since its inception the sisterhood has been gradually increas- ing, and it now numbers over 350 members, scattered over the State of New Jersey. CHATHAM VILLAGE. The early history of the village of Chatham forms, of course, part of the general history and settlement of the township, which has been given. The part of the town lying upon the Passaic took the name of the towa, as the upper part was called Bottle Hill and afterward Madison. Bonneltown was that portion lying between the village proper and New Providence. Chatham early contained a grist-mill and a fulling-mill. It had also a two-story academy building, in which, besides the district school, public religious services were held on week days, and oc- casional Sabbath services, there being no church building. The early settlers of Chatham, being nearly all Presby- terians, attended church in Bottle Hill; some also in New Providence at a later day, and' a few in Hanover and Springfield. On the 23d of October 1823 a PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH was organized, and a building fitted up for worship, standing near the Passaic River, and the Rev. Asa Ly- man, of Morristown, became its stated supply. Under the labors of Mr. Lynian the small building was soon filled, and the village began to assume a new and better aspect. In 1827 Mr. Lyman was compelled by ill health to withdraw, and in 1828 the Rev. Joseph M. Ogden be- gan his labors, being installed pastor in November 1828. In this field, as his own earliest pastorate, and being himself the first pastor of the church, Dr. Ogden contin- ued his uninterrupted and successful labors for the next forty-five years, resigning his charge September 23d 1873. The original house of worship soon became too strait for the increasing congregation, and in the spring of 1832 the foundations were laid of a larger building, which was completed and dedicated in the winter following. This building, 38 by 56 feet, it has since been found necessary to enlarge, and it has now a seating capacity for four or five hundred persons. 200 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Dr. Ogden wds succeeded by the Rev. A. V. C. John- son, who Was installed November 6th 1873, and resigned on account of ill health November 12th 1877. Rev. William F. Anderson was ordained to this charge July iSth 1879, and resigned his pastorate September 20th 1881. It is an interesting fact that each of these pastors began his ministry with this people. The church has long possessed a commodious parson- age, and a few years ago it added a handsome chapel, which will accommodate about two hundred persons. The church numbers about 150 members, with a flourish- ing Sunday-school of over too teachers and scholars. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. About the time when the present Presbyterian church edifice was erected measures were taken to build a Meth- odist Episcopal church. In this enterprise Rev. John Hancock took much interest. The building was ded- icated in 1832, and, the congregation steadily increasing, it was enlai'ged and otherwise improved. It is now a firmly established church of about 70 members, with a Sunday-school of about 100 teachers and scholars. Its present pastor is Rev. Samuel Sargent, a graduate of Drew Theological Seminary. In this connection a fact may be recalled which is not without historic interest. Mr. Tuttle, when giving the account of the building occupied by the Rev. Mr. Brad- ford, in Bottle Hill, for his classical school, and removed to 'Chatham by Sheppard KoUock, says: "I have been told by Mr. Enos Bonnel, an aged man now living near Chatham, that the first Methodist Episcopal service that was ever held in the township was held in that building, just after it had been vacated by Mr. Kollock as a print- ing office and a little after the proclamation of peace with Great Britain. The clergymen who officiated were the Rev. Messrs. Haggerty and Lynch." In this build- ing Methodist services were held afterward, but only oc- casionally, the first systematic effort was as given above. ST. Patrick's ROMAN catholic church was built in 1872, at a cost of somewhat over $4,000. The land on which it is built was purchased in 1871 for $500. It is a brick building. It was used as a school- house until 1875, when additional land was bought at a cost of $800, arid a frame school-house was built there- on, at a cost of almost $r,ooo. The' congregation num- bers about 200, and the school children about 35 or 40. The average annual cost of conducting the school was about $600. improvements. Chathath has taken upon it new aspects and exhibits marks of imprdvefnent on every hand. It has 700 inhabi- tants and' grows steadily. Old buildings are being re- built, and new ones of fine proportions and beautiful sur- roundings are- being put iip. There has recently been erected a large arid wellarranged'and furnished-academy,' givirig excellent educational advantages.' In* the center of the village is a large and commodious' boardirig-hou^fe'," with accommodations for seventy or more boarders. The house is a few minutes walk from the depot, with spacious and beautiful grounds; it stands well in from the road and is every way finely adapted to its purposes. There are found two flouring mills, a paper manufactory, three blacksmiths' shops, two harness factories, and two greenhouses, doing a prosperous business. STANLEY. Stanley, which is an outgrowth and suburb of Chat- ham, has of late years been largely developed by the bus- iness and religious enterprise of George Shepard Page. A mill property was purchased by him and an active business established, which has been continued until to- day, with the intermission of a year or two after the mill buildings had been burned down. Mr. Page at once en- gaged in zealous Sabbath-school work, and on August 5th 1867 organized a school in a grove on the hillside, which in the winter was removed to the upper loft of an old store near by. The school, grew, and steadily be- came a power for good in the neighborhood, and, it being in much need of larger and better quarters, Mr. Page built and furnished for its accommodation "Stanley Hall," so naming it after the maiden name of his mother. The very natural although unanticipated outcome of the school and its various adjunct services was, first (in 1872) a regular Sabbath evening service in the hall, and on Aug-, gust 15th 1873 the organization of the "Congregational Church of Stanley;" the district, the post-office and the church all associating with themselves the name and the work of the Sunday-school and its founder. The Congregational Church. — The first pastor of this church was Rev. S. F. Palmer, who remained two years and resigned October ist 1875. Twenty-five members were added during his ministry. Rev. E. H. Pearce, who succeeded, declining a call, continued as acting pas- tor nearly a year; and twenty-one persons were received into the church in that time. Rev. J. O. Wilson, professor of elocution in Drew Theological Seminary, then served the church as acting pastor for nearly two years, under his ministry fourteen members being added to the church, Mr. Wilson withdrawing from the charge in November 1878. Rev. Rollin S. Stone, of the New York and Brook- lyn Association, was installed pastor of the church April 25th 1879, and he now remains in charge.' The, growth of the church compelled wider plans, and the. people d.eterminedto build a church edifice. This important work has been carried through, and on the 9th of .Octo- ber 1881 "Stanley Chapel" was dedicated. The build- ing stands near the center of population, on the' corner iof the turnpike and Hillside avenue; it is a ' most comely and comfortable house of worship and was dedi- cated free of debt. • MADISON. I " The village now called Madison was .early arid long iknown as Bottle Hill.' The.nam.e indeed yet, lingers, for loccasio'nally an aged 'man haS sa:id to'the wrilef of this EARLY HISTORY OF MADISON. sketch, "You are pastor, then, of the old Bottle Hill church." Of the origin of this name several accounts have been given, of which the following is no doubt the correct one: The first tavern in the place, which must have been a very rude affair, was located on Academy Hill, and on the spot where now stands the residence of the late Miss Lillys Cook. A very uncertain tradition says that it was kept by an Indian. Its sign was a bottle suspended from a corner sign post. It was no doubt an honest sign, indicating the main business done within. The frankness of "mine host " in that old day is to be commended, and ought to be imitated iaour own times. This debated point, the origin of the old name, seems to be settled by Mr. Tuttle, who in his manuscript notes says: "The first tavern in this place was located on the Cook corner, by the academy, and this was designated by a bottle suspended on a sign post at the corner. Major Miller, who died here about three years since, at the advanced age of 90 years, stated repeatedly that he had himself seen the above sign. This has been corrob- orated to me by Mr. John B. Miller, a son of Major Luke Miller, and other aged inhabitants of this region." So, whatever other more dignified accounts have been given, it is to be feared that the Madisonians must hum- bly submit to the truth of history. How early that old tavern passed away is not known. The " New Jersey Historical Collections," published in 1844, says that "the first iniblic house in the place was kept by David Brant in a house then standing where now is Mr. Sherrill's garden [that is, the spot at present occupied by the houses and grounds of Caleb Sniffen and Charles C. Force]; and as that went down Ananias Halsey commenced where Mr. Robert Albright now lives." The house of Robert Albright was burned in 187 1. It was on the site of the residence of Dr. Calvin Anderson. We have the authority of Mr. Tuttle for say- ing that when the war of the Revolution began "the vil- lage tavern stood where the house of Mr. Robert Albright now stands, and was kept by Daniel Brown." It is very likely that both statements are correct, and that Brown succeeded Halsey in the occupancy of the hotel. This continued to be the tavern of the place for many years. The late J. H. Woodruff, of Columbia, in the Jerseyman gives reminiscences of it as late as the war of 1812: "All the drafted men of Morris and Sussex coun- ties were required to assemble at Madison, to be mustered in. The place of meeting was the old Albright tavern. There was a large open space in front of the house, in the rear of which stood the sheds and stables. The men came in farm wagons, and these wagons were to convey the drafted men to Jersey City. At that time every able-bodied man between 18 and 25 was enrolled and obliged to train three times a day." The village flagstaff, a straight tree cut from the forest, stood opposite the tavern and in front of where the Presbyterian lecture room now stands; and from it floated for many years the English flag, until that was replaced by our own stars and stripes. Near the staff, and under- neath the flag, stood the village whipping post; the em- blem of loyalty above, that of justice below. Some of our aged citizens remember when certain offenders re- ceived their condign stripes at the old post. The only village store a hundred years ago was kept by Mrs. Horton, the energetic wife of the pastor of the Presbyterian church. It was in a very humble building, about fifteen feet square, put up on the corner of the parsonage lot, and standing on the spot now occupied by the dwelling of J. A. Webb. Azariah Carter, who died in 1855, remembered having been sent by his mother to make purchases there, and used to say that Mrs. Hor- ton or one of her children always waited on him from behind the counter. The times were hard, and thus this excellent helpmeet eked out her husband's scanty sti- pend. After Mrs. Horton gave up storekeeping the lit-- tie building was used for a school; the late Deacon Ichabod Bruen remembered to have gone there in his early childhood. In the year 1804 the turnpike, or principal • avenue through the village of Madison, was made. About seventy years ago a blacksmith's shop stood on the site of the academy and an old storehouse occupied the site of the Presbyterian lecture room. As to the change in the name of the village the facts seem to be that the people had long been tired of it and its distasteful associations, so that a change had been determined on early in the present century; and when the academy was built in 1809 it was called the Madison Academy, as now appears on the marble tablet in front. Another proof of this accepted change is seen in that familiar and unique landmark " the hickory tree," stand- ing erect and tall at the junction of four principal roads- In front of the tree, nailed to two uprights, is a board tablet on which may be read as a heading, " South Madi- son "; and under this the words, "This tree was trans- planted in the year 1813; for the inauguration of James Madison, second term, as President of the United States." Then follow directions: "To Stanley and Summit, east; to Madison and Chatham, N. E.; to New Providence, south; to Morristown, west; to Green Village, S. W." But it Wiis not until several years later that the people met and unanimously resolved to drop this odious appela- tion and substitute for it the name of Madison, in honor of the fourth president of the United States. It may be added that a strong sentiment pervaded the commun. ity in behalf of temperance, and this gave zest to the public resolve. The Old BuRi-^iL Ground. The most ancient feature of the place then as now was the old burial ground on the hill, the property of the Presbyterian church. Its picturesque situation is a credit to the taste of the early inhabitants of Chatham township, for thither for many years they came from all points to bury their dead. The old church stood on the crown of the hill, and the graves of the old parishioners were all around it, according to the old custom, which is slowly passing away, but which will always have so many beautiful and tender associations to commend and per- petuate it. HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. It is impossible to tell when the first interments were made. The inscription upon the tomb of Rev. M. Hor- ton is among the earliest which can be deciphered, but there are stones older than 1777, whose dates cannot be made out, while there are many ancient stones broken or decayed, suggesting but not perpetuating older memories. Many of these stones are mere fragments of what must have been very rude monuments at first, such as the poverty of those times could only afford. As the town grew, this continuing to be the only cemetery for years, graves, were multiplied, and more stately monuments began to be erected, and in due time the removal of the old church enlarged the area. This city of the dead has become populous in the lapse of nearly two centuries, so -that for many years it has been difficult to dig anywhere a grave without running the risk of disturbing ancient bones. Two years ago J. A. Webb and S. W. Burnet purchased the property immediately in front of and lying against the old ground, and laid out new grounds, giving tQ the whole added beauty and convenience. In the year 1861, at the suggestion of Rev. Mr. Tultle, the appearance of the cemetery was greatly improved. A new fence was made, a handsome iron gateway put up, a stone-arch bridge over the brook took the place of the ruder wooden bridge, and a massive stone wall was built to protect the slope on the railroad cut. The cost of this improvement was $2,250. It was made under the direction of the parish, but the whole community joined in bearmg the expense. Schools at Madison. In the year 1809 the old academy in Madison, on the hill, was erected by a joint-stock company, by whom, or their representatives, it is still owned. Within its walls have been taught a very large proportion of all the in- habitants of this immediate region, but its day is past, and shrinking, in its modest proportions and plain ap- pearance, before its large and well appointed successor, it meekly awaits its demolition. The first public school-house in the township was on the corner where J. A. Webb lives; and seems to have been the little building which Mrs. Horton had used as a store. Among those who taught school on that spot was Dr. Ashbel Green. Miss Eliza Schenck, grand- daughter of Seth Crowell of Green Village, says that she had often heard her mother tell of attending the school in Bottle Hill kept by Ashbel Green. It was very difficult to keep up a school in the outlying dis- tricts, even for a few months in a year, and few could learn to write. She and some others, determined to learn, used to walk daily three miles from Green Village to Bottle Hill to acquire that accomplishment. She also added that " pins were sometimes so scarce that they used thorns to hold their clothing together instead of pins." When that little building was disused a school-house was built on the lot nearly opposite the Catholic church, where stood the house of Mrs. Hunting, which was burned to the ground a few months ago. That building w-as moved over to the corner occupied then by Christian Weiss, and it stands there to-day, occupied by Simon Miller. From thence the school was removed to the academy building in 1809. There are three district schools, with excellent school buildings, one of which, near the center of the village, was erected a year ago, at a cost of about $17,000, and is in every way a complete and admirable building. All these schools are well managed, and all have well selected district libraries connected with them. There is a well appointed select school for young ladies, with a new and convenient school-house, recently enlarged, and with' ground inclosed. It is popular, and successfully man- aged, and, in addition to the usual English studies, teaches Latin and French, with drawing and painting. There is also a recently organized kindergarten, which bids fair to be popular; and there are other smaller schools for boys and girls in private houses. The French Ei,ement. In the year 1793 there came hither a French gentle- man, who, followed by others in subsequent years, and by his own descendants, became a most welcome addi- tion to our population. Mr. Vincent Boisaubin was an officer in the body-guard of Louis XVI. Not being in sympathy with the changes then threatening the institu- tions of France, he obtained leave of absence, and went to the Isle of Guadaloupe. There he married, and bid- ding France adieu he came with his wife to America and found his home here. The families of Boisaubin and Beaupland now here are his descendents; his own imme- diate family numbering nine sons and daughters. The memory of Vincent Boisaubin ir. gratefully and pleas- antly cherished among all the older people. He was a man of fine cultivation, of most urbane and courteous bearing, and of unbounded benevolence. He was the original in the following story, which has appeared in sev- eral shapes: When a group of neighbors were sympathiz- ing with a poor man on the sudden death of his cow, Mr. Boisaubin, putting his hand into his pocket, said, " I am sorry for him five dollars;" and at once the poor man's loss was made up. The writer recently was mentioning his name to one of the oldest citizens, who said with earn- estness, "Old Vincent Boisaubin! He was one of the best men in the whole country;" and went on to tell of the way in which this French gentleman of the old time had given him generous aid in his early business life, loaning money and refusing interest; with many similar acts of kindness to others. Mr. Tuttle says: " For many years previous to the erection of the Catholic church here both he and his family,- with other French families, owned seats and were frequent worshipers in the Presbyterian church. Mr. Boisaubin purchased and resided on what is now the Tredwell property, owning also large tracts of land additional. He died in 1834; his wife died before him, and they lie side by side in the old burial ground of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown. ' The French families who once resided in this town- MADISON'S FRENCH CITIZENS— FORMER SLAVES— DREW SEMINARY. 203 ship formed for a while an important element in its social life. Laville Duberceau lived where E. V. Thebaud lately resided; Dureste Blanchet in the house now owned by Rev. Mr. Windeyer ; Louis Paubel, father-in-law of Mr. Blanchet, on the opposite corner, now owned by Mr. Calmyer; Mrs. Sargent and after- ward Mr. Leclere where Mr. Webb now resides; Mr. Souillard and afterward Mr. Le Barton where Mr. Selmser now lives; Eugene Dupuy lived next to the Presbyterian church, on a part of what is now the prop- erty of Mr. Thebaud. A French family by the name of Roche lived where Dr. Albright now resides and Mr. Cipriault where C. T. B. Keep resides. Madame Boisau- bin, the second wife and widow of Beusant Boisaubin, lived in the house owned, and until recently occupied, by J. S. Paulmier; this lady was th'e mother of Laville Duberceau. Other French families there were; but most of these thus named returned at different times to France, or the isles of Gaudaloupe or Martinique. The Negro Population. A number of colored families came here with these French immigrants as servants, and some of their de- scendants are living here now, intermarried with the other colored population. Among the people of this part of New Jersey the colored population has always formed a pretty distinct class. Bancroft says: " Of the two Jerseys, slavery had struck deeper root in East, from the original policy of its proprietors; the humane spirit of the Society of Friends ruled opinion in West Jersey." In proof, however, that the type of slavery must always have been mild here, and the negro regarded as not unworthy of trust, we may recall his free enlistment in the array of the Revolution — at least among northern soldiers. Speaking of the famous battle of Monmouth, Bancroft says: " Nor may history omit to record that of the Revolutionary patriots who on that day periled life for their country more than seven hundred black Americans fought side by side with the white." Since many men from Chatham township fought on that field it is quite probable that some of the seven hundred blacks were from here. Slavery being gradually abolished, many not being freed until reaching twenty-one years, the relics of the old days linger even yet. Of the aged black people now living here nearly all were born in slavery; and it is pleasant to the writer to say that, having several of these old slaves among his parishioners, and having conversed at times with most of the others yet living, he has almost uniformly heard them speak m terms of affection and respect of their old masters and mistresses. These old servants are usually in comfort- able though humble circumstances, can generally read and are very apt to be members of the churches. Their descendants have free access to the public schools and libraries, and with freer openings to the various indus- tries could uplift themselves to the planes of life occupied by their white fellow citizens. Drew Theological Seminary. In the year 1833 William Gibbons of Elizabethtown purchased the large tract of upland lying on the road to Morristown and called " The Forest," He soon after began to build, and in the year 1836 occupied the spa- cious and noble mansion which was his home for the next eighteen years. Its massive appearance and generous proportions, with its large surroundings of ground, fitted it for the abode of wealth, but even more for the wider purposes to which in divine providence it was destined. In the year 1852 Mr. Gibbons died, leaving this par- ticular property to his son of the same name, by whom it was sold in the year 1867 to the late Daniel Drew. The subsequent history of this property is now given under the head of the Drew Theological Seminary. This institution is one of the chief educational results of the great centenary movement in the Methodist Epis- copal Church in 1866. Daniel Drew, who had long been thinking of making an offering to the church, then an- nounced his intention of founding a theological school. For this purpose he devoted half a million of dollars, one half of which was to be expended upon ground, buildings, etc., while the other was to constitute a per- manent endowment. The school is located on the prop- erty known as " The Forest." The mansion, known as Mead Hall, 150 feet long and 100 feet wide, contains the chapel, library, reading room and the offices and lecture rooms of the professors. Asbury Hall is devoted as a dormitory to the students, each room being tastefully fitted up, and supplied with every necessity for the com- fort of the occupant. Embury Hall contains the society room, dining hall, residence of matron, and a number of additional rooms for students. Mr. Drew caused four houses to be erected for the use of the professors, at a cost of $20,000 each. The school was formally opened in November 1867, with the Rev. J. McClintock, D. D., as president and professor of practical theology, and the Rev. D. H. Nadal, D. D,, as professor of historical theol- ogy. Shortly afterward the other professorial chairs were filled; that of systematic theology by R. S. Foster, D. D.; of exegetical theology by James Strong, S. T. D.; of New Testament exegesis by H. A. Buttz, D. D. Eady in the year 1870 Dr. McClintock died, and was suc- ceeded in the presidency by R. S. Foster, D. D., and in the chair of practical theology by D. P. Kidder, D. D. J. F. Hurst, D. D., was elected to fill the chair made va- cant by the death of Dr. Nadal. Dr. Foster having been elected bishop in 1872, Dr. Hurst was chosen president, and John Miley, D.D., was elected to the vacant chair of systematic theology. In May 1880 Dr. Hurst was elected bishop, and his chair is now filled by G. H. Crooks, D. D. Dr. Kidder resigned his position in the faculty in the early part of 1881, and S. F. Upham, D. D., was elected to fill his place. At the_ same time Dr. Buttz was made president. In 1876 Daniel Drew failed, and being unable to meet the interest on $250,000, the endowment being held by himself, the institution was without any income. The trustees resolved to appeal to the church for an endow- ment fund, and Dr. Hurst was requested to take charge of subscriptions. Through his efforts, and the co-opera- 28 204 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. tion of his colleagues, not only has the original amount been secured, but subscriptions have been received for upward of $300,000, The number of students whose names are found in the first catalogue is 18, while in that for 1880-81 there are 84. The total number of graduates, from 1869 to 1881, is 258, and they are found in nearly all the conferences in the United States, while many others are doing effi- cient work in foreign mission fields. The course of study embraces the five departments indicated by the above professorships, and corresponds to that of other Protestant theological seminaries of this country. It occupies three years, and is adapted to the literary status of college graduates. The instruction is communicated by recitations and lectures, which are held on four days of the week, Saturday, Sunda^f and Mon- day being- left free to enable the students to engage in preaching and other evangelical work in the vicinity. The yearly term of study is from the third Thursday in September to the third Thursday in May, with a fort- night's recess at the Christmas holidays. Tuition and the use of the rooms and of the library are free to all students intending the ministry; and pecuniary assist- ance, in the form of a loan, not exceeding f 100 a year to any individual, is offered to rrieritorious students who depend upon their own exertions for an education. The students board together in a club managed by them- selves, one of their number being appointed commissary. The cost has averaged about $2.50 per week. Associations. Madison Lodge F. and A. M. was organized (under dispensation) July 9th 1868. It was regularly chartered as No. 93, February 4th 1869. There were seven char- ter members. The first officers were as follows: James W. Tuttle, W. M.; A. H. Tuttle, S. W.; George H. Hancock, J. W. ; Rev. James M. Tuttle, treasurer; Wil- bur F. Morrow, secretary; William H. Gardiner, S. D.; John Simpson, J. D.; Peter J. Hiltmann, tyler. The following named persons have since served as W. M.: James H. Bunting, Richard H. Travis, Nick. M. Goble, Charles L. Chovy (2 years), Henry C. Ohlen, William H. Byram (2 years), Charles B. Frost, Samuel Brant and Stephen V. Ohlen. The present officers of the lodge are as follows;; Charles A. Hoyt, W. M.; Charles Yeager, S. W ; James Helm, J. W.; Horace S. Van Wagner, treasuer; James A. Post, secretary; W. H. Byram, P. M., S. D.; Charles B. Gee, J. D.; Charles E. Garrison, chaplain; Samuel H. Cook, S. M. of C; Benjamin F. Knapp, J. M. of C; John Wilson, tyler. The present membership is sixty-three. The regular meetings of the lodge are on the second and fourth Thursday of each month. A Young Mens Christian Association was established by members of several of the churches in the year 1873. It has been sustained with vigor during the years which have followed. It rents a large and commodious room for its public and prayer meetings, and also a very convenient reading room, and has a library of several hundred volumes, ft has done much good. The Business of the Place has been steadily growing. The mechanical trades are well represented. Carriage and wagon making, black- smithing and iron work of other kinds and tin work are carried on, and there are masons and carpenters of excellent repute, and other mechanics. The stores are well stocked with dry goods and millinery, groceries, feed, hardware and shoes, and there are two well ap- pointed drug stores, bakeries, etc. Within a few years a specialty has been made of the cultivation of flowers, particularly of roses, for which the soil and climate here are said to be especially favorable. A number of gardens have been established, which send to New York immense numbers of flowers, bringing large returns of money. That of T. J. Slaughter is probably the most extensive and complete in the whole county. The increase of capital and the needs of trade have recently created a bank. The First National Bank- of Madison was organized in August and went into opera- tion September ist 1881. It has a capital of $50,000, all taken up. Its president is Jacob S. Paulmier, and cashier W. F. Morrow, with a well known and substan- tial board of directors. There has also been established here a weekly news- paper, the Madison Journal, a convenient vehicle of local news and advertising, and now in the fifth year of its existence. There is a roomy and well kept hotel, the Madison House, within a stone's throw of the depot, and a large and popular boarding-house — the Ridgedale — with a number of private boarding-houses in the village and its outskirts, all which are in demand for summer boarders. THE MADISON CHURCHES. PRESBYTERIAN. The first church organized in what is now Chatham township was the present Presbyterian church of Madi- son. It began its existence in troublous circumstances, in opposition to the judgment of the Presbytery of New- ark, within whose ecclesiastical bounds it lay, and against the wishes of Rev. Jacob Green, the pastor of the old Whippanong church, who did all in his power to arrest the new movement, and from whose congregation the new church was formed. Doubtless the poor shep- herd could ill spare any part of his flock in that day of small things; and then, but a few years before, those members of the old church who resided in West Hano- ver (as Morristown was then called) had withdrawn and formed their feeble church against the same strenuous opposition— although, indeed, Mr. Green was not con- cerned in this, not haying yet come to Whippanong. The distances were long, many of the people being obliged to travel six, eight and even ten miles to attend church. What is now the township of Chatham was then part MADISON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 205 of Hanover, and the church in Bottle Hill was organized under the name of the " Presbyterian Church of South Hanover," which was its ecclesiastical designation for the succeeding seventy years. The exact date of its or- £;anization cannot be stated, nor is there known to exist any account of any services connected with its new life. This is no doubt owing to the loss and probable destruc- tion of the church records for the first forty years of its existence. There is no doubt, however, that the move- ment began in the year 1746, and that the church was or- ganized some time in the year 1747. In 1817 the name wrs changed to " The First Presbyterian Church of the Township of Chatham," which name it bore until 1846, since when it has been called "The Presbyterian Church of Madison," the name Madison having been officially given to the place about fifteen years before. Its first elders were Paul Day, Joseph Wood and John Pierson. Its members were few and nearly all of them in very limited circumstances, and able to do little toward the maintenance of the church. For nearly two years they worshiped in private houses, or in barns, and in pleasant weather in the open air. In 1749 they began to build, but were not able to finish, and became so utterly dis- heartened that the work for a time quite ceased. Then Luke Carter (son of Benjamin Carter) declared that if the congregation would not complete the work he would do it himself; whereupon a rally was made, the building enclosed, furnished with a plain pulpit, and very rudely seated with boards and slabs. It might perhaps have a happy effect upon modern worshipers here to be trans- ferred a century or so back to those primitive seats, where neither cushions nor sloping backs invited to re- pose, and when sermons were by no means briefer than they are now. In this incomplete state the building remained fifteen years, when " a committee was appointed to superintend the finishing of the meeting-house," and certain persons had permission to construct pews for their own accom- modation in different parts of the church, and instead of the original slab seats, it was furnished with high-backed slips. This was about the year 1765. That old building was a very simple affair; covered on all sides with shin- gles, and without spire or cupola, and, except the sound- ing board over the pulpit, which was deep blue, wholly destitute of paint within and without. It looked not un- like a large, old-fashioned farm-house. Here and there, in remote parts of New Jersey and the contiguous States, there yet linger a few of these old-time structures, sug- gestive both of the poverty and the piety of the men and women who built their unpretending walls in troublous times. That primitive building was situated on the crown of our burial ground hill, two or three rods east of the spot now occupied by the Gibbons monument. It was for the next seventy years the only house of public worship within the township, and its history is the main source of information that comes down to us of the years immedi- ately preceding the Revolution, whose events gather largely around the old church. A cut of this old building, drawn by Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, and engraved for him on wood, is pasted into his manuscript "notes," and is seen in his printed history of the church. For several years the society had no preacher, depend- ing upon the presbytery or upon some occasional young man who received no pay, and not seldom upon the ser- vices of its own elders and leading members. Its first regular preacher was Nathaniel Greenman, a young licentiate, who was not installed, and of whose two years' work here no record has come down to us, although he had a long and honorable record in other parts of the church. The first pastorate over the church and the longest of all was that of Azariah Horton, beginning about 1751 and ending in November 1776, covering all the stormy period which preceded the war of the Revolution, and closing just as the war itself began to throw churches and society into dire confusion. For the reason given before no particulars of Mr. Horton's pastorate have come down to us, but the present writer has been enabled to gather some interesting particulars of his personal history — and he was a man of influence and power in the early days of this place. He was born on Long Island, in 1715, came early with his parents to New Jersey, graduated from Yale College in 1735, and, declining a call to a promising parish on Long Island, devoted himself to labors among the Indians on the east end of the island. Mr. Horton was the first missionary sent to the heathen by the Pres- byterian church, being commissioned to this work by the New York presbytery, but supported (as were David and John Brainerd) by " the Scottish Society for the Propa- gation of the Gospel." His labors were blessed at the outset, and he soon baptized thirty-five Indians. The fruit of his work remained for many years, in two Indian churches, one at Poosepatuck and a larger one at Shin- necock, which churches had until 1812 a succession of Indian pastors in the well known Rev. Samuel Occum, of the Mohegan tribe, and Revs. John and Paul Cuffee, of the Shinnecock tribe. Mr. Horton came to Bottle Hill in 1751, and at once took rank among the men of influence, as a member of the Synod of New York, which he helped to organize, and doing much for the College of New Jersey, which had recently been founded. The old church witnessed many memorable scenes as the dark Revolutionary days drew on, and during all their progress. Its first pastor was an earnest patriot, and, like his intimate friend and compatriot Caldwell of Elizabethtown, maintained from his pulpit the civil and religious rights of the people. Among the honored min- isters of that day, whose influence was so potent in awakening and maintaining the sentiment of liberty, Azariah Horton was not the least. Under the old sound- ing board Caldwell himself often preached, and it was a common thing to see the soldier's uniform in the gallery, '('That old meeting-house and its pioneer minister did not a little to prepare those who dwelt here for the hon- ors as well as the trials which divine providence had in store for them." 2 o6 kiSTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Mr. Horton was a man of uncommon force of char- acter, of marked ability, and a fearless opponent of tyranny whether it were civil or ecclesiastical, for there were both in his day. He is described to us as " a plain, short, stout and very benignant man." When about sixty years of age he withdrew from the pastorate, and about a year after, while still residing here, was seized with smallpox, then prevalent among the American troops quartered here, and died. Of the two sons of Mr. Horton one gave his life for the country, being killed in the Revolutionary war. Of the way Mrs. Horton helped her husband, and purchased a farm besides, by keeping a corner store in the village, we have already spoken. The remains of this admirable couple lie in the old cemetery, the grave covered with a brown freestone slab raised on pillars, and upon the stone is inscribed: "In Memory of the Rev. Azariah Horton, for 25 years pastor of this church. Died March 27th 1777, aged 62 years. Also Eunice, his wife, who died August 14th 1778, aged 56 years." The monument stands on the crown of the hill, just at the rear of the old foundation walls, and but a few feet from where stood the pulpit from which the old pastor preached. The church was located between that spot and the ravine through which the railroad now passes. In the year 1795 occurred the loss of all the records of the old church, covering its whole former history from 1747. As Mr. Tuttle says, " the loss will never cease to excite the regrets of this community." By it have for- ever gone, for the most part, the names and history of all the early members, throwing darkness upon the inter- nal and spiritual history of the church, and also obliter- ating much which concerned the whole neighborhood, the state of society, family histories, and affairs in gen eral; for, as we have said, here and in New England the history of an ancient church is largely the early history of the community. How this loss occurred can never now be satisfactorily known. The lapse of over four score years leaves us in the dark, and leaves also in ob- livion much that would have been interesting for us to know and to hand down to those who are to come after us. It is greatly to be regretted that such a man as Rev. Asa Hillyer did not gather up all that was then known; for not only were the records of the old session extant in his day — lost or destroyed while he was pastor — but there were then living men and women whose memories extended to the very organization of the church. The present writer has in his possession, as the pastor of the church, a quaint old folio book of parish records — or records of the annual business meetings of the so- ciety or congregation. It is bound in heavy parchment, and, although a century and a quarter old, is in excellent condition. The opening record is as follows: "South hanover Wednesday ye 7th of September, An- " no D 1757. at a mealing appointed and met at the "meaiting house and proceeded In the folowing manor By "v/ay of Voats. Aaron Burnet modarator Stephen More- house Clark.'' At this " meating " it was " voated that Mr. Horton shall have seventy pounds Sallery;" also, col- lectors were appointed " to endeavour that all old rear- ages in Mr horton's rats [rates] Be made good to him.." Next year we read that "Benjamin Ladner was appointed to Leade psalm tune." In 1759 it was " voated to have pues Bult all round this house and Seats in ye midle." The report of the meeting in 1759 gives an interesting proof of the intimate connection of church and State then existing. The moderator, clerk, and "Thomas genung, assessor," with two other persons, were appointed " Collectors;" and it is added, " the Assessor is to Take the Rateable Estats from the towne's Booke." This would apparently secure the application of the Master's rule, " Every man according to his several ability." The succeeding year saw the appointment of five men " to stand as a committee to have the care of seating the meating house, and all other afares relating to this par- ish." These yearly records are usually extremely brief, many of them occupying but four or five lines of writing; and for the firsl fifty years not one of them has granted to it the dignity of a full page of the book. Many of the entries are very suggestive of the poverty of the people, and illustrate somewhat the general habits and social life of those who came from wide surroundings to worship in the old church on the hill. There was not money to furnish the little building with pews. " Josiah Broad- well and Jacob Morrall are permitted to build a pue at the west end of the meeting house and Josiah hand and William Burnet a pue in the frontt gallery over the men's stairs." In 1770 it was voted "that the last piece of land purchased of James Burnet for a parsonage be sold to pay for what the parish is in arrears." In 1772 Josiah Broadwell and Paul Day are appointed a committee " to go to Mr. Horton and tell him we will do our utmost to raise your salary for this year, but see no prospect of raising a salary for another year." Next year this faith- ful man is asked if he would be willing to stay another year "for what salary we can raise for him," and he con- sented to stay that year and several more. In 1774 a lottery helped the financial situation; and there was a vote that certain " contribution money now on hand goto purchase fencing timber for the parsonage." That year also occurs this curious and suggestive record: " At a town meeting held this 7th day of September 1774 at ye South Meeting House, chose assessors to carry subscrip- tions to raise Mr. Horton's salary for another year." In 1776 a committee was appointed to go to the " prisbit- tery" with Mr. Horton upon parish affairs, and with this ended the pastoral troubles and labors of Azariah Hor- ton, after he had nursed the languid infancy of the church, and guided and guarded its precarious early life for nearly twenty-five years. After the dismission of Mr. Horton, and for about fif- teen years, the church seems to have been in an en- feebled and distressed condition. It had two pastors and one stated supply in that time, while there were long in- tervals, making over five years in all, during which it was without any settled ministry of the word. The church and the community were either suffering amidst or slow- PASTORS OF MADISON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 20 7 ly emerging from the disasters of the war. Of these pas- tors one was the Rev. Ebenezer Bradford, a man of fine literary attainments and uncommon abiHty. In addition to his pastoral charge he conducted a classical school, which gained quite a reputation in its day, the school building standing on the spot now occupied by the rail- road depot. Mr. Bradford was brother-in-law to Dr. Ashbel Green, president of the College of New Jersey, and several of his sons were men of distinguished ability and position. In the year 1785 a committee was appointed to wait upon Rev. Alexander Miller (a native of Scotland and graduate of the College of New Jersey, who succeeded Mr. Bradford after an interval of about a year), "to see if he would not take one hundred pounds for his salary; if not, the people desire he may be dismissed, for they will not subscribe toward his farther support." Mr. Mil- ler's trials and the people's culminated in 1786, when a committee was appointed to inform him that "he must give up his present obligation and begin on a new footing, or the people will carry an application to the presbytery for his dismission." During the three years succeeding the ministry of Mr. Miller the church seems to have sunk to its lowest con- dition. It had no pastor, and depended for its pulpit supplies on the presbytery of New York, with which it was at that time connected. It is evidence, however, of the Christian vigor which must have characterized its leading members that the regular ministrations of the Lord's house were duly maintained through all those dark days. It was at this time, in the year 1789, that the church in the good providence of God came under the pastoral charge of Rev. Asa Hillyer. And by a providence not less kind his ministry of twelve years was succeeded by that of Matthew La Rue Perrine, lasting nearly ten years; which was followed by the sixteen years of the labors of John G. Bergen. These were all men of eminent piety, of wisdom and ability, and consecrated to their work. Their pastorates, covering nearly thirty-nine years, were blessed with powerful revivals, and careful, vigorous ad- ministration, and the church came to have an established character and position. During the pastorate of Dr. Hillyer, and about the year 1790, the Tuesday evening prayer meeting was es- tablished; held at first in the house of Deacon Ephraim Sayre, then in the old school-house, and afterward in the upper room of the academy, where it continued for more than forty years, when, the present lecture room being built, it was removed thither. The Tuesday evening prayer meeting is thus well nigh a century old. In the year 1817 the first Sunday-school was estab- lished here. Elder William Thompson had been perus- ing a tract on the subject of Sunday-schools; he read it aloud in the prayer meeting, greatly interested the people and immediately the school was begun. Mr. Thompson was the first superintendent. The first teachers were Amelia Bruen, Lucinda Bruen, Lillys Cook, Priscilla Sayre and Nancy Cook — no men. In 1819, by " a formal and well considered vote of the parish, the^rs^ sfove vfa.s introduced into the sanctuary," a committee of four discreet men being appointed to at- tend to this matter; for nearly seventy years our hardy ancestry depended on the heat of the pulpit for all the warmth they felt. The most memorable events of these years of which we now speak were the great religious awakenings which oc- curred. One of the most remarkable of these took place during the ministry of Mr. Perrine, in 1806. "A great concourse of people assembled in and around the church from all parts of the surrounding country." Arrange- ments, therefore, were made for meetings in the open air, in the valley in the rear of the church. A large farm wagon formed a convenient pulpit, and the multitudes were grouped around on the hill slopes. About a dozen ministers were present as preachers, among whom were Drs. Richards of Morristown, Hillyer of Orange, and McWhorter and Griffin of Newark. Rev. Jacob Tuttle, father of Joseph F. and Samuel L. Tuttle, who was an eye witness, says: "It was in Madison that I witnessed the largest religious concourse that I ever witnessed any- where. The ground north of the old church was admir- ably fitted for the occasion. It was a hollow, surrounded by rising ground on all sides. It was the first week in July, and notice was given of the meetings for several weeks previously." He speaks then of the earnest preach- ing and the listening multitudes, and adds: "I look back to that time with admiration and wonder at the manifes- tations of divine power which were seen and felt at that time through all that region. Many thousands were turned to God, a large number of whom have gone home to glory." The sixteen years of Mr. Bergen's ministry were also years of great results. At the close of the first year a revival commenced, during which sixty-nine persons made public confession of the Lord Jesus. The year 1819 witnessed another work of grace. During 1821-22 (that wonderful season of divine power in the land) nearly one hundred souls were added to this church. This last revival had been preceded by a season of declension and apathy, which induced the Presbytery of Jersey to appoint a day of inquiry, fasting and prayer, with meetings to be held in the church of Madison. After this presbyterial meeting services were held in different parts of the parish for about four months, from November to March, when the interest developed in a sudden way, and became so great and extensive that from five to seven hundred persons assembled night after night, and this continued through the summer, and the meetings were kept up during the haying and harvest time. About ninety united with this church as the fruits of that gracious visitation. The revival of 1822 gave the impulse that led to the erection of a new house of worship, although the subject of enlarged accommodations had been before the people for more than a dozen years. The long conflict between the people of Chatham and Madison about the site of the proposed building and the compromise which placed 2o8- HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. it where it stands have become traditional. The truth seems to be that each village needed a church; and if this fact had been recognized each would now have its church edifice at the true center of its population. The corner stone of the new building, with Mr. Ber- gen's name upon it, was laid May i8th 1824, and the church was dedicated on the i8th of May 1825. Of the demolition of the old historic church on the hills Mr. Tuttle gives a vivid and touching account in his unpub- lished manuscript, and his church history contains an account of the completion and dedication of the present one. The church attained to a high prosperity under Mr. Bergen. He was quite a remarkable man. His earliest known ancestor was a Norwegian who came over in one of Hendrick Hudson's ships in 162 1. This ancesfor mar- ried the first white woman born on Manhattan Island, and she was a child of Huguenot parents who fled from France on account of religious persecution there. Mr. Bergen's own mother was a Scottish Covenanter, who came to this country fleeing, with others, from such swords as that of Claverhouse. His early religious life was quite remarkable; so was his work here, and so also his long subsequent life. A few years after the opening of the new church some internal troubles arose, and, to the great grief of nearly all his people, Mr. Bergen re- signed his pastorate. The opening attractions of the "great west " also drew him toward new and illimitable fields, and " he took up his westward line of march on the 22nd of September 1828, in presence of a multitude of his people, many of whom accompanied him for ten miles on his way; his mother and her husband in their own dearborn, he and his wife and one child in a new gig, and his other children in a traveling carriage. They were forty days in actual travel on their westward way. Springfield, Sangamon county, 111., was then a little place of two hundred people, with about forty houses, mainly log houses." He became the first pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Springfield, the church being a child of his own. In that region he lived and labored, much of the time in pioneer work, until he came to be known as the " Old Man of the Prairie "; and his serene and venerable aspect grew familiar in every hamlet of the surrounding country. He died suddenly, January loth 1872, having completed his 8ist year. His last words •were, " Great grace !" and " Blessed !" Although it was then furty-four years since Dr. Bergen resigned the pastorate of this church, he had yet survived all who suc- ceeded him, except the present pastor. In the year 1804, Mr. Tuttle tells us, the entire village of Madison, still called Bottle Hill, consisted of not more than twenty dwelling houses, all of which were standing on the old road. Some of these have passed away; among them the old parsonage, which stood where now is the middle of Green avenue, in front of the spot where now stands the house of Mrs. John R. Mulford. The history of this old parsonage is not without inter- est. As aarly as 1763 the people in their poverty voted to purchase a "piece of parssonnage land, for the use of ihe minister of this parrish." The land was purchased, probably with a dwelling of some kind upon it, which " was put into a state of repair for the minister." Mr. Horton seems to have occupied it; and here did he and his successors continue to reside until the year 1810; when, the pastor. Rev. Mr. Perrine, having built a house for himself on the beautiful knoll now occupied by Ed- gar Beaupland, the old parsonage was sold for $2,350. It was built upon a generous scale; a large double house, originally shingled on all sides, with the front eaves high, while the back ones were so low that they could easily be reached from the ground. A large kitchen stood on the south end of the house, and it had the immense old fireplace and chimney of that day, with the heavy beams in the ceiling left uncovered. Fifty acres of land, with a barn, were attached to it. It stood with its end to the street; the front yard was over a hundred feet in depth, and the back yard was also large, and both were full of trees. Some of these are still standing in the grounds of Mrs. Mulford. It came into the hands of Dr. Reuben Bishop, from whom in 1829 it was purchased by Dr. H. P. Green. In 1867, when Green avenue was about to be opened, the house was sold by the daughters of Dr. Green. It was divided into three parts, of which the main part is now the large white house in the lumber yard; another part was moved across the street and has since been torn down, and the third part was moved to Green Village. It was so well built that in moving the larger part to the lumber yard the plastering on the walls did not crack. The parish was without a parsonage for the next forty- four years. Other houses yet remain — as the house of E. U. Samson, that of Mr. Brunz (late that of Ichabod Bruen), the house on Academy Hill (the residence of the late Miss Lillys Cook), the houses owned and occupied by the late John B. Miller and his son David L. Miller, and others still, carefully designated by Mr. Tuttle — as they were in the year 1855. The old Presbyterian church, of .Madison has, on the whole, had a prosperous life since the period when it ceased to be alone. The Rev. Clifford S. Arms became pastor in 1832 and remained such for nearly nineteen years, closing a fruitful ministry in 185 1. His pastorate was blessed with several powerful revivals of religion, the most remarkable of which occurred at the commence- ment of his labors here. To Mr. Arms succeeded Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, after an interregnum in the pastorate of nearly three years. To Mr. Tuttle the church and the town are indebted more than to any other man living or dead, for those la- bors which have rescued from oblivion and embalmed in memory so much of the history of this whole town- ship. He was greatly interested in the general affairs of the village; some of the most important public improve- ments being due to his suggestion or largely indebted to him for their success. Extensive alterations in the church were made during his pastorate, the ladies bear- ing the burden of the expense. The extensive improve- ments made in the old cemetery were first suggested by .1. e^^ ^^ , ^ CHESTER TOWNSHIP. By Eev. James F. Bkewsteb. HESTER forms one of the southern tier of the townships of Morris county. It is bounded north by Roxbury and Randolph, east by Mendham, west by Washington and south by Somerset county. It was formed from Roxbury in 1799. The village of Chester, formerly called Black River, is twelve miles west of Morristown. It contains three churches — one Presbyterian, one Congregational and one Methodist; about one hundred and fifty houses and some fifteen or twenty shops and stores, and had a population in 1880 of 705. The area of the township was returned by the assessors in 1881 as 17,487 acres. The land is rolling, rising in some points nearly to a thousand feet, and the soil is under good cultivation. It is watered by Black River, a tributary of the north branch of the Raritan. It was almost entirely an agricultural community until within the last fourteen years, during which extensive and valuable deposits of magnetic iron ore have been discovered and developed, and it is now one of the most important mining districts of New Jersey. It is the ter- minus of two railroads — a branch of the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western, extending from Dover, twelve miles, and a branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, extending from High Bridge, seventeen miles. The Continental Railroad, from New York to Omaha, is surveyed to pass less than a mile south of the village of Chester. The village was laid out into lots in the latter part of the last century, by General Horn, who purchased the land of Zephaniah Drake. The population of the township in 1830 was 1,321. By the census of 1850 it numbered only 1,334; in i860 it was 1,585; 18.70,1,743; 1880,2,337. By the last assess- ment the real estate was valued at $954,595- and the personal property at $456,880 — making a total of $1,411,475- Settlement. In 1713 and 1714, while Anne was yet queen of Eng- land, this tract was surveyed and run into plots, and was settled by emigrants from Easthampton and Southnid, Long Island. Among the earliest names we find Seward, Cooper, Ilorton, Luse, Terry, Skellenger, Sweazy, Howell, Brown etc. The tract still belonging to the Cooper family was purchased in 17:3 from Mr. Daven- port, who had taken up the land from the province. At the same time came to Chester the ancestors of Hon. William H. Seward, Secretary of State under President Lincoln. The Fairclo family, who figured in the earlier days, came from Scotland, and in one respect were well fitted for pioneers, as one Deacon Fairclo is said to have been the father of twenty-one children. General Nathan A. Cooper. The Cooper family of which Nathan A. was a mem- ber descended from Sir Astley Cooper, the celebrated surgeon, of England. Some of the family in 1700 set- tled on Long Island, whence Nathan Cooper came to Roxiticus, which comprised what are now the towns of Mendham, Chester, Washington, Mount Olive and Rox- bury. He purchased 1,600 acres of land, made a clear- ing, and erected a small framed house, in which the fara ily resided some years. His son, Nathan Cooper, was born p-ebruary 22nd 1725, and was married in 1748 to Me'iit-ible Seward, great aunt to ex-Secretary of State Wil- liam H. Seward. They had six children. Nathan built a house near where the present Cooper mansion stands. It was recently demolished, but the stone steps remain to mark the site. He died December 30th 1797. His wife died April 15th 1812. Their son, Abraham Cooper, was born February i8th 1762. He was married in 1799 to Anna ^Vills. Their children were Beulah Ann and Nathan A. Abraham died September 13th 1818, and his wife April 24lh 1856. Nathan A. Cooper, the subject of this article, was born April 2Qth 1802. His wife, to whom he was married in 1843, was Mary Henrietta, youngest daughter of Dr. John W. Leddel of Ralstontown. Their children were Anna E., Abram W., Beulah S., Mary L., Tillie R., Laura H., and Nathan A.; all of whom, as well as their mother, are living. General Cooper died of cardiac rheumatism July 25th 1879. At the age of sixteen he inherited the large Cooper estate, comprising nearly all of the tract originally pur- chased by his ancestor. This is now owned by the fifth 212 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. generation from the original purchaser. It includes ex- tensive farming lands, an iron mine, operated by Marsh, Craig & Evans, much undeveloped mineral property, and a grist-mill. About nineteen years ago the house in which General Cooper was born was demolished, and the present ele- gant and substantial man<;ion erected. The brick, sand, lime and timber used in building this house were all pro- duced or manufactured on the Cooper estate. Mr. Cooper was always an active and prominent man in the public affairs of Morris county. He was thorough- ly conversant with the political history of the country, and politics was with him a favorite theme of discussion, though from choice he never held any prominent politi- cal office. He was always a consistent and unwavering Democrat. He was a man of extraordinary ability, a natural ora- tor, of imposing appearance, and endowed with a voice and manner at once commanding and impressive. His conversational powers were great. His memory was wonderful. He forgot nothing, and with great accuracy he could recall the dates and circumstances of events that transpired more than half a century before. In 1854 he was commissioned a brigadier general of cavalry, and at the time of his death was the oldest gen- eral officer in the State. He was a lover of horses and an expert horseman. He had great fondness for field sports, and was unexcelled as a marksman. He was a man of strict and unbending integrity, a good citizen, and a kind husband and father. Travel. Very early Black River began to occupy an import- ant position in the line of travel between New York and Easton, Pa. When the first settlers came among these hills no turnpike was yet in existence, and the travel was by bridle paths which had been worn in the wilderness. As late as 1768 Rev. William WoodhuU made his way into the parish, of which he became pastor, on horse- back, with his wife and child riding on the same horse behind him. The first spring wagon was introduced by James Topping, who died here in 1874, in the g4th year of his age. With the begin-ning of the century an im- pulse was given to the work of facilitating travel. No less than 54 turnpikes were chartered by the State between 1800 and 1830, among them the Washington turnpike, from Morristown to Easton, in 1806, runnmg through Chester from east to west. In Alden's Register for 1812 we find that Jared Haines, a prominent citizen of Chester, was then one of its eight directors. The proprietor of the first line of stages on this road was Zephaniah Drake, of Chester, who built the first brick building in the town in i8i2 and kept it as a public house. This is still the Chester Hotel. (;oaches gorgeous with scarlet and gilt, and drawn by lour horses, made the journey from Easton to Paulus Hook and back again once a week. Subse- quently the stages ran daily, and Chester was a favorite station for refreshment and change of horses. The Congregational Church. The first settlers of Chester were men of strong relig- ious character. From the beginning there were two dis- tinpt methods of church order. The emigrants from Southold were Congregational. The emigrants from Easthampton were Presbyterian. Both classes being men of decided convictions, churches of each denomina- tion were very soon organized, and they have continued side by side to the present day. The annals of the Congregational church tell us that as early as 1747 a house of worship was erected, with pews and galleries capable of accommodating an audience of 400. In 1803 this building was demolished, but a part of its timbers still exist in the framework of a barn on the premises of William H. Seward. About the time of the building of the first church the excitement which caused the separation in the Congregational churches of Connecticut and Long Island reached this settlement, and a majority became " Separates " or " Strict Congre- gationalists," as they were then called. These Separates, it is said, retained the doctrines and form of government of the regular Congregational churches, protesting against what they regarded as the oppressive and wordly influ- ence of the union between C!liurch and State, especially in Connecticut. The first pastor was Rev. Samuel Sweazy, who ministered to the church about twenty years, until 1773, when he removed to Mississippi, near Natchez. The years 1777 and 1778 brought stirring times to New Jersey. Chester or Black River was off the line of con- flict, but both the Congregational and Presbyterian churches were used as hospitals for disabled soldiers. Regular worship was suspended, and the moral and relig- ious habits of the people suffered greatly. About 1779 a union of the two churches was attempted under Rev. David Baldwin. A •covenant was mutually subscribed (of which an original copy is still preserved in the. archives of the Presbyterian church) entitled "A covenant entered into by the members of the Presbyterian and Congrega- tional churches in the town of Roxbury, now denomi- nated only by the name of ' the Church of Christ,' " and services were held alternately in the two churches; but the attempted union failed. This church was then reorganized, and in June 1785 Rev. James Youngs was ordained and installed. He died in November 1790, aged 32. The church records have this entry concerning him: "All accounts go to prove him a most amiable man and a sincere and devoted Chris- tian." From 1790 till 1801 the church was without a regular pastor. On June i6th i8oi Stephen Overton was ordained and installed, and in 1803 the original house of worship was replaced by another of more modern appearance. Mr. Overton's pastorate continued until March 1828, and he died in the following September. The church records speak of him as possessed of strong intellectual powers and endowed vvith a vigorous constitution. He traveled much, preaching sometimes more than once a day for weeks in succession. toc->^y M d'O-y/o ey/^' Ji^na-' o:j Er.n.ili &. 3ij':j:.10 Enrclrj Scl'.i ^}^ CHURCHES OF CHESTER TOW^JSHIP. 213 From its formation until i8ro the church and pastor were enrolled as members of " The Separate Congrega- tional Convention of Connecticut and Long Island." In 1810, with other churches, it formed a new and similar convention, which in 1828 was dissolved. In the autumn of 1828 Rev. Abner Morse became act- ing pastor of the church. He was dismissed at his own request in the spring of 1833. From August 1833 to 1835 Rev. Charles Jones officiated as acting pastor. In grant- ing him hifj dismission the church paid him a high com- pliment as an able and faithful minister of the gospel. Rev. John Fishpool, a native of Essex in England, was stated supply of the church Irom October 1835 to Octo- ber 1836. From 1836 to 1840 the church was supplied by different members of the New York State Congrega- tional Association, with which it had now become con ■ nected. For some eight months in 1839 Rev. Lewis Ter- rill, from Elizabeth, N. J., acted as stated supply. On December 15th 1841 Luke I. Stoutenburgh, of Pough- keepsie, N. Y., a licentiate of the New York association, was ordained and installed, and his pastorate continued until December 1867. In 1854 the present house of wor- ship was erected. In December 1867 Rev. Dr. James S. Evans, of the Presbytery of New York, was called, and he was pastor of the church from June 1868 to April 1871. From September 1872 to May 1875 Rev. B. F. Bradford acted as stated supply. In June 1875 the con- gregation extended a call to Rev. Frank A. Johnson, a native of Boston and a graduate of Hamilton College and the Union Theological Seminary of New York city. He was installed December ijth 1875, and is still the ac- ceptable and beloved pastor. During this pastorate a commodious chapel has been built, the church has been thoroughly renovated and the congregation is united and prosperous. The Presbyterian Church. As already stated, a portion of the early settlers of Black River were Presbyterians from Easthampton, Long Island. Previous to 1740 a Presbyterian house of wor- ship had been erected between Black River and Mend- ham, one and one half miles west of Mendham. In 1745 the church building was erected in Mendham village, and the Presbyterians of Black River soon after were or- ganized into a church, under the name of the First Pres- byterian Congregation of Roxbury, and erected an edifice about a mile north of the present village of Chester. The first pastor was Rev. Samuel Harker, or Harcour, proba- bly of Huguenot descent. He graduated at Princeton College, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and according to the records of that presby- tery was ordained and installed at Roxbury, on Black River, October 31st 1752. He was therefore probably the first pastor installed in the town. He is mentioned in Foote's Sketches of North Carolina, where some of his family resided, as remarkable for size, vigor and strength. Some of his descendants have occupied most honorable positions. One of his daughters married Judge Symraes, of Marietta, Ohio, ^nd was mother-in-law of ex- President Harrison. The son of another daughter who married . Dr. Caldwell, of Lamington, N. J., was Rev. Dr. Cald- well, at one time a teacher in the College of New Jersey, and for more than thirty years president (the first) of the University of North Carolina. In an autobiography of Dr. Caldwell, published at Chapel Hill by the editors of the university magazine, reference is made to his grand- father's settlement at Black River and the high estima- tion in which ' he was held by the community. Mr. Harker, however, unfortunately entertained some doctri- nal errors, which caused his separation from the church eleven years after his ordination. The presbytery was about to proceed against him in 1757 when it was found that he had left his charge and had gone for a time as chaplain in the army. In Hodge's history of the Pres- byterian church may be found full details of his case and his final deposition from the ministry by the synod of New York and Philadelphia in 1763. His case is regarded as particularly inter- esting as an illustration of the early practical administra- tion of Presbyterian government. Mr. Harker perished at sea by the foundering of a ship, with his son, who was on his way to England to receive Episcopal ordination. For five years after the removal of Mr. Harker the church was under the care of presbytery, but without a regular pastor until the fall of 1768, when it settled Rev. William Woodhull, of Brookhaven, Long Island. He graduated at Princeton College in the class of 1764, and studied theology with the celebrated Samuel Buell, of Easthamp- ton, Long Island. With his brother (afterward Rev. John Woodhull of Freehold), he attended the school of Rev. Caleb Smith, at Newark Mountains, Orange, N. J. The following items from a bill still preserved in the family illustrate the school bills which met the eyes of the fathers in the last century: "1757, October 26th, to Billey's wood and candles, i6s.; to ane Newark grammar, 2s. 6d.; to Clark's Intro- duction for making Latin, 3s.; to an old hat of mine, 5s. 2d.; to dressing the hat by Nehemiah Baldwin, 2s.; paid the steward for Billey's board, ^£5 8g. 3d.; to a taylor for making a banyan, 5s. 3d.; to yard for cloath and trimming for banyan, 17s. 8d.; to one Tully's Orations for Billey, 13s." A few years after his settlement Mr. Woodhull was obliged to give up his pastorate on account of broncial trouble, and for a time the church obtained supplies from presbytery. He afterward opened a Latin school, in which General Mahlon Dickerson, secretary of the navy under General Jackson, was a scholar. Mr. Wood- hull represented Morris county as Assemblyman in the first Legislature of independent New Jersey, which met at Princeton in August 1776. He was elected to the same position in 1777- In the Legislature at Perth Am- boy in 1789 and in that at Burlington in 1790 he again represented Morris county, as member of Council. He was appointed a judge of the common pleas in 1808, and was a prominent man in the town and county until his death, in October 1824. During the stormy period of the American Revolution 214 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. the church was again without a settled pastor. Near the end of the war was made the unsuccessful attempt to unite the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, already referred to. Among the records of this church is a paper dated May 24th 1786, bearing the signatures of sixty male members, declaring themselves " heads of families and members of the First Presbyterian Congre- gation of the Township of Roxbury, and supporters of the Gospel in said Congregation." From the parish records of 1784 we learn that a call was extended to Rev. Nathan Woodhull, a cousin of the former pastor, but he had already made an engagement at Newtown, Long Island. In 1785 Rev. Lemuel Fordhani, of Long Island, was obtained as stated supply, and in 1786 he received a unanimous call. As with Mr. Woodhull, his time was divided between Roxbury and Succasunna. He re- mained pastor of the church thirty years. He was suc- ceeded in 1 8 15 by Rev. Jacob Cassner, a native of Liberty Corner, N. J., and, like the previous ministers, a graduate of Princeton College and also of the theo- logical seminary. In the fall of this year the first Sun- day-school was established in Chester Academy, by James H. Woodhull, a grandson of the former pastor. The textbooks were the Bible and the Westminster Catechism. Mr. Cassner gave this church one-third o( his time, preaching at Black River, German Valley and Fox Hill. He was succeeded in 1818 by Rev. John Ernest Miller, of Albany, N. Y. He left Chester in the spring of 1823 for the Dutch Reformed church of Tomp- kinsville, Staten Island, and was succeeded in the same year by Rev. Abraham Williamson, a native of New Jer- sey and a graduate of Princeton College and seminary. During his pastorate of thirty years important changes occurred. Two colonies swarmed from the mother church. In 1738 48 members were dismissed to organ- ize the Presbyterian church of Mt. Olive, and in 1852 26 were dismissed to form the Presbyterian church of Flanders. In 1851 the congregation abandoned the old edifice on the hill top and built and occupied the present church in the village. Mr. Williamson remained in chari;e of the church until 1853, in the autumn of which year Rev. George M. S. Blauvelt (son of Rev. Dr. William Blauvelt, for the last fifty-five years pastor of the Presbyterian church of Lamington, N. J.), a graduate of Princeton seminary, began a pastorate which continued until Oc- tober 1856. From June 1857 Rev. Josiah Markle, of the college and seminary at New Brunswick, was pastor of the church for nine months, until April 1858. In the following June Mr. James F. Brewster (a descendant of Elder William Brewster, one of the founders of the Ply- mouth colony of 1620), a graduate of Rutgers College and Princeton Seminary, became the stated supply. He was ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Passaic October i2th 1858. During this pastorate the parsonage has been built, the church edifice renovated, and a hand- some chapel erected — the gift of James E. Hedges, of Elizabeth, N. J. The Methodist Episcopal Church. A Methodist Episcopal church was organized in the early part of 1881, and Rev. E. S. Ferry, of Orange, N. J., was appointed its first pastor. For five or six years previous services were held with more or less reg- ularity in the village academy, by the pastors of the Pea- pack church. During the winter of i88o-8i the M. E. church at Bedminster was removed and erected in Ches- ter. This house, originally a Baptist church, was bought by Bishop Janes under foreclosure, and donated by him to the Newark Conference in 1854. It was given by the conference to the Methodists of Chester and rededicated liere in July 1881. Education. The work of education has kept pace with that of re- ligion. The earliest school of which we have any record was that taught by Rev. William Woodhull in a log house near his residence, and which was broken up by the Rev- ulutionary war. He received a few boarders into his family, for whom the price per week was the same as the market price of a bushel of wheat. Private schools were early held in the residences of some of the principal in- habitants. One of the first of these was taught by Miss Fhebe Jagger, of Long Island (afterward wife of Rev. Mr. Burt, of Lamington, N. J.). The building was on the Cooper estate, and the families of Cooper and Haines united in their support. From 1800 to 1812 John G. Gardiner, of Connecticut, taught a school in the village. In 1812 we find his name enrolled as a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Jersey. Another teacher was Miss Hester Brackett, af- terward wife of Rev. Dr. Henry White, of Union Theo- logical Seminary, New York city. The Legislature of New Jersey established a public school system in 1829, and under this system (modified in 1847) the town was divided into eight districts, and regulated according to the State law. At the Chester Cross-roads a substantial stone building was erected in 1830, the upper part of which was used as a chapel by the Congregational society, which still has an ownership in it. In the year 1854 William Rankin, who had been teach- ing at Deckertown, N. J., purchased and enlarged the brick hotel and established a classical school. This school was liberally patronized by the surrounding country until his removal to Mendham, in October 1862. Mr. Rankin was an enthusiastic and successful teacher. While in Chester he had under his instruction nearly 500 scholars. In a schedule prepared a year or two before his death he tells us that he had prepared 76 students for college and 150 for teachers. Fifty of his students had become clergymen (two of whom were foreign mis- sionaries), thirty lawyers and twelve physicians. He probably taught more than two thousand youth in New Jersey. Rev. L. J. Stoutenburgh, Miss Susan Magie, Mrs. M. F. Hoagland, Rev. P. S. Smith, Mrs. C. Y. Bak- er and Rev. J. H. McCandless have successively been principals of " The Chester Institute." In 1869 Hon. 7-v/V^-?^ ^5-^-^^ ' En^thijliMfCaM&^lmts.VS Ba'rUy He KY MATERIAL INTERESTS OF CHESTER— HON. DANIEL BUDD. 215 Daniel Budd erected a spacious three-story stone build ing for the use of the school, in a conspicuous part of the village, and of this Miss Magie took possession in 1870. At present a private school is taught in the chapel of the Presbyterian church, under control of the pastor, Rev. James F. Brewster. Industries — Iron Mining. For the most part Chester has been an agricultural community. In early times its abundant fruit employed several distilleries. Three or four flouring-tnills and four or five saw-mills have long been in operation. Previous to 1827 a woolen-mill was built and operated by Stephen R. Haines, on the Haines estate, on Black River. This was bought in 1827 and carried on by Wil- liam Nichols, of Vermont. The business was continued by his son William H. Nichols, and the property is still held in the family. From 1844 to 1861 John and Abraham Van Doren carried on a manufactory of threshing machines,and in 185 7 they introduced into the township the first steam engine. This industry is still carried on by William K. Osborn. Chester, however, is principally important for its min- ing wealth. Its hills are filled with deposits of magnetic iron ore. For more than a hundred years the forge at Hacklebarney has been in operation. Hon. Daniel Budd, in partnership with Mr. Bartley, carried on this forge for many years. Their iron was classed with the best in the State, and drawn into all the shapes required in business. In 1867 mines were opened in various places, and the mining was facilitated by the building of the Chester Railroad in 1869. The veins of ore have been opened on some twenty-five or thirty different properties, and have yielded several hundred thousand tons, but they are yet only partially developed. There are four or five veins running through the township, the two principal of which are near the village and are called the North and South veins. The ores from these two veins are low in phosphorus but contain sulphur, and yield from 40 to 65 per cent, of iron. When separated from sulphur they are valuable for the manufacture of Bessemer steel, on account of being low in phosphorus. The blast furnace is treated of on page 61. It employs about 100 men. Miscellaneous. In 1872 and 1873 the tracks (about five miles long) which connect the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad with the Hedges mine and the Hacklebarney mine were built by William J.Taylor & Co. A part of the road was on a grade of 1 76 feet to the mile. This subsequently came into possession of the Central Railroad.Compjny of New Jersey, who completed the road to High Bridge in 1876. In 1881 this track was extended through the village one and one half miles northeast to the Swayzee, Leek and Cooper mines; and surveys were made with a view to ex< tending it to Pottersville, five miles to the south. The earliest physician of whom record is left was Joseph Hedges, M. D., a member of the family who settled in Easthampton, Long Island, about 1649. He came to Chester about 1800, and married a daughter of Rev. William Woodhull, Their descendants to the third generation have continued the profession in Chester. Prospect Lodge, No. 24, F. & A. M. was removed from Mendham to Chester in January 1874. The hall was dedicated during the same winter. This lodge num- bers 48 members, of whom J. M. Drinkwater is the pres- ent worshipful master. Hon. Daniel Budd. Hon. Daniel Budd was one of the most influential of the citizens of Chester, both in business and political cir- cles. He filled many positions of trust, and did much to develop the resources and increase the prosperity of his native town. Like his father and his grandfather, he lived and died in Chester, and the activities of his entire life were closely identified with the interests of his ntive place. His ancestor, John Budd, five generations before, emigrated from England to New Haven, about the year 1632, and became one of the first proprietors of that set- tlement. He subsequently removed to Southold, Long Island, and thence to Rye, Westchester county, N. Y. Daniel Budd, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, moved from Rye, N. Y., together with his father, John Budd, in the early part of the eighteenth century, and purchased the old Budd farm, near Black River. His mother was Mary Strang or (L'Estrange), daugh- ter of a French Huguenot who fled from France, on ac- count of religious persecution, in the days of Louis XIV. and found refuge at New Rochelle, Conn. Romantic stories of danger and escape have been handed down from generation to generation. This Daniel Budd was for a long time assessor of the township of Roxiticus, and a captain in the reserves of the Revolutionary war. On one occasion, during his absence on duty, his house was burned, under circumstances which led to the sus- picion that it was an act of revenge, on the part of tories. Joseph Budd, son of this Daniel and father of Hon. Daniel Budd. was a captain in the war of 1812. He commanded his company at Sandy Hook and other places of defense. His wife was Joanna Swayzee, and after her husband had lost his health in the war, which he never recovered, she endeavored bravely to fill his place in many of the active duties of farm life. Their son Daniel was born June 8th 1809. When a boy he had much of the charge of his invalid father, and after his death remained with his mother upon the farm as long as she lived. He was married February 25th 1847 'o Mary K. Hunt, daughter of John Hunt of New- ton, Sussex county, and sister of Hon. Samuel H. Hunt. He was engaged at various times in many avenues of active business — being a farmer, manufacturer, surveyor, drover, colonel of cavalry, and a general business man, settling estates and holding positions of confidence. He was always prominent in the political affairs of his town- ship, and for many years was returned as a freeholder, and in the board of freeholders always exercised 'a com- 2l6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. manding influence. In the years 1856 and 1857 he was a member of the New Jersey Legislature, and in the years i860, 1861 and 1862 he filled the office of State senator. While senator he was chairman of the com- mittee on corporations, and a member of other import- ant committees, and was chosen State director of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. For many years he car- ried on the business of manufacturing malleable iron, and devoted much time and energy to the developing of the mineral resources of Chester. To him may be attrib- uted largely the building and completion of the Chester Railroad. He was a friend to the poor, ever ready to contribute to their wants, and to assist those who were struggling in business, and he was a liberal supporter of the church and of public enterprises. He erected many buildings for manufacturing purposes, and took the warmest inter- est in the cause of education. In 1869 he erected in the village a large three-story stone building for the use of a boarding school, at a cost of many thousand dollars. He died in June 1873, at the age of 64, leaving a wide breach in the community where he had lived and labored; and an immense concourse of people, gathered from various parts of the State, accompanied his remains to their last resting place in the cemetery of Pleasant Hill. HANOVER TOWNSHIP. By Monroe Howell. , HE territory now known as Hanover township was formerly included within the boundaries of a far larger extent of country, which under the old colonial government was organized into a township bearing the name of Whip- panong, and at that time constituted a part of the county of Hunterdon. Whippanong, now changed to Whippany, and Parsip- panong, now changed to Parsippany, are doubtless names of aboriginal- origin, the exact signification of which is uncertain; although it may safely be assumed, upon evidence contained in the old deed for the Whip- pany burying ground, that both these names have some reference to the rather important streams known as Whippany River and Parsippany Brook. The township received the name of Hanover in the year 1740, and at that time comprised a far greater than its present extent of territory. The final touches to its present con- tour were given about the year 1844, at the organization of Ro':kaway township. It is bounded on the north by the townships of Boonton and Rockaway, on the east by Montville and the county of Essex, on the south by Chatham and Morris, and on the west by Morris and Rockaway. The Rockaway River forms the boundary from the extreme northerly point to its junction with the Passaic at or near Pine Brook, and from thence it has the Passaic for its boundary to the confines of Chatham. The assessors' statistics for 1881 were as follows: Area, 29,747 acres; valuation of real estate, $1,742,641; personal property, $373,050; debt, $113,975; total valu- ation, $2,001,715; polls, 828; State school tax, $5,095.58; county tax, $4,756.83; road tax, $4,003. This section, as indicated by the watercourses, has a general though slight inclination to the east, is somewhat hilly in the northwest, gently undulating in the middle, and consists in the east and southeast of bottom lands along the Passaic and its tributaries. Hydrographically considered, this township belongs to the basin of the Passaic, which important river receives all its streams, of which the most important are the Whippany River and Parsippany and Stony brooks. The first of the above named streams enters the township from Morris, flows through it in a northeasterly direction, and empties into the Rockaway River, about a mile above the confluence of that stream with the Passaic. Its volume of water is considerable, and the slope of its bed is such as to afford numerous mill sites, advantage of which has been taken since the earliest settlement of the region. The. second is a beautiful rivulet, having its rise in the highlands in the northeastern part of the township; and, being fed mostly by springs, is of perennial and equable flow. Its continuous though gentle fall affords several mill sites, which were early economized. The third takes its rise in a locality known as Wheeler Swamp, pursues a short and rapid course, and empties into Whippany River at or near the Caledonia paper-mill. This stream is of con- stant and equal flow, affords a number of mill sites, and was the seat of ancient manufacture. On the steep banks of the Rockaway River, in a for- mation of red sandstone, may be seen fossil impressions of fishes of various kinds. This point is well worthy the attentions of geologists and other specimen-seekers, as well as of those who enjoy the romantic and picturesque in nature. This township was in former years relatively much better supplied with means of transportation than at present. In the days of turnpikes it had the advantage of being traversed by two such thoroughfares, and a heavy team transit was effected over them to and from the great market of New York; but with the advent of railroads the course of transportation was so changed as to barely touch at only two points the very borders of its territory, and its relative distance from the great market? was materially lengthened. The speedy opening of this region to the advantages of railroad transportation would effect a surprising advance in the already high valuation of real estate. Settlement. Although, from the lack of positive evidence in the matter, the exact date of the settlement of this region cannot be ascertained, yet, from scattered documents, as well as from reliable tradition, we are safe in setting it down as a little antecedent to the year 1700; and the first settlement was undoubtedly at Whippany, which place was also the first settled in the county of Morris. The first settlers were from Newark, Elizabeth, New England and England, drawn hither by the proximity of ores of iron, in the manufacture of which they at once eqgaged. Upon the Whippany River and its confluents 2l8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. at least five forges were erected at an early date; and in the earliest documents relating to the matter the locality is referred to as the "Old Forge;" but to which of these old sites can be awarded the palm of prior occupancy is uncertain — evidence, however, would seem to point to Whippany. However this may be, many years could not have intervened between the erection of the first and last of these, as all of them were at work at an early date in the settlement, and all appeared of equal age. The whole region around these localities bears traces of this early industry. In recent clearings of forests which must have stood a century or more the black soil of coal-pit bottoms is frequently found, and long-buried cinders are often ex- humed in the vicinity of the old manufactories. Doubtless after the forests had been cleared and burned into charcoal other settlers were soon attracted to this locality by the fertility of the soil and the advan- tages of a genial climate. So early as the year 1718 a church edifice was erected at Whippany, in the old bury- ing ground, this plot having been deeded for that pur- pose by one John Richards, a schoolmaster. The facts that a schoolmaster was already a resident among them and that a permanent church organization was contem- plated must lead us to infer the existence of a somewhat extended and localized population even at that date. Indeed, that agricultural enterprise early manifested it- self would seem evident from an old deed for a large part of Hanover Neck, a narrow strip of land lying be- tween the lower portion of the Whippany River and the Passaic. This tract was located under proprietary au- thority by Daniel Cox as early as 1715, contained 1,250 acres, and was conveyed by one Jonathan Stiles to Jos- eph Tuttle in 1734. No water power is available upon the sluggish streams of this vicinity, and the spot must have been located with an eye to agricultural advan- tages readily discerned in the rich and easily subdued soils of these bottom lands. Early Celebrities. The fact that large manorial estates were purchased and occupied at least a quarter of a century before the Revolution indicates a state of society compatible only with somewhat continued and advanced civilization. Of these manorial seats the most noted, and perhaps at that time the most sumptuous establishments in the county, were Irish Lot, near Whippany, the residence of Captain Michael Kearney of His Britannic Majesty's navy; the Beaverwick, near Troy, owned by Lucas Von Beaver- houdt, and the Mansion House domain at Old Boonton. The dwellers upon these famous seats kept up a con- stant interchange of high-life civilities, rode in chariots, gave costly entertainments, and were the talk of the whole country about. The Kearney mansion, now occu- pied by Mahlon Hubbard, was in those days sub- stantially what it is at present with the exception of the numerous outbuildings attached to these lordly abodes. The Beaverwick mansion has been modernized into the comely residence of B. S. Condit, but the long rows of servants' lodges which skirted, either side of the ample lawn, and from their color gave to the place the Revolu- tionary title of the " Red Barracks," have long since dis- disappeared. Of the Mansion House at Old Boonton but a small portion, in a very dilapidated state, now re- mains. The family names of all the former owners of those abodes have faded from the locality; nothing is left to perpetuate them saving two freestone slabs lying in a neglected spot at Irish Lot, and another in a lonely corner of the graveyard at Parsippany. Sic transit gloria mundi. Captain Michael Kearney, according to tradition, was of a genial and jovial disposition and a high liver, as might be expected of a captain in the British navy. His domain, well stocked with choice fruit, was so ac- cessible to the less favored dwellers upon the surrounding farms as to seem almost a common possession. Upon a wide uncultivated portion of his estate whortleberries abounded, and at the season of their gathering it was his custom to give a sort of out-of-door reception to the whole neighborhood. A table was set profusely spread with substantial edibles, and liquors indigenous to the lo- cality were bountifully supplied. These seasons were further enlivened by music and dancing, and were long remembered and talked of by the participants therein. The manor of Beaverwick contained more than a thousand acres, and was purchased by Mr. Beaverhoudt about the year 1742. The estate was under cultivation when he purchased it, and while in his possession was worked by numerous slaves brought from the West In- dies, who became the progenitors of quite a numerous colored population, of whom some remain in the locality at the present day. During the Revolution this seat was much resorted to by the officers of the continental and British armies, it being at one time held as ntutral ground. We have it upon good authority that Washing- ton, Hamilton and other notables of that period were often entertained under its hospitable roof; and further we have it, that the father of his country and the hero of the hatchet did most dignifiedly dance a minuet with one of the belles of the neighborhood. We also have it upon tolerably good authority that Major Andre, the British spy, mmaged here to catch sight of the great leader of the rebel army, possibly with an evil eye to his entrapment; which affair was brought about iii this wise: The officers of the contending armies being admitted upon equal footing to the hospitalities of the Red Bar- racks, it so happened that Major Andre was there visiting. Washington and some members of his staff also drew up for entertainment, and upon Andre's solicitation he was permitted to feast his eyes upon the most imposing pres- ence of the age. The following items from the New Jersey Gazette at the dates given may prove interesting to readers: "Lost, between Princeton and Beaverwick, eight miles from Morristown, a dress sword, the hilt chased work and of solid silver, a red belt with swivels, one half of shell broken off. Whosoever will leave said sword with Mr. Lott at Beaverwick, or with Mrs. Livingston at Prince- ton, shall receive ten dollars reward. July loth 1778." Hon. Andrew B. Cobb. Col. Lemuel Cobb, the father of Andrew B., was born at his father's home near Parsippany, May isth 1762. He did not in early life enjoy even ordinary ad- vantages for obtaining an education; but his thirst for practical knowledge and the indomitable energy of his character supplied the place of these facilities. It is said that he pursued the study of his profession (that of a civil engineer and surveyor) while attending a saw-mill. In thus surmounting the obstacles which were in the way of his early advancement he developed those qualities which fitted him for his subsequent successful career and which were inherited by his son. Prominent in military affairs and in politics he took lively interest in the development of the locality, was long one of the judges of the court, and filled other places of trust. He was thrice married. His first wife was Mary, daughter of Benjamin Smith, whose only surviving child, Eliza- beth, became the wife of Benjamin Howell, of Troy. His second wife was Susan Farrand, daughter of Ebenezer Farrand, by whom he had six children, of whom two only survived him, Julia A., wife of W. C. H. Waddell, and Andrew B. His third wife was Elizabeth Shaw, by whom he had no children. He died April ist 1830. He was a member of the board of proprietors of the eastern division of the State, and for many years the surveyor- general of that division. In the practice of his profession he availed himself of his opportunities for acquiring land, and he left an estate of more than ten thousand acres, which he devised to his son Andrew B. Cobb; to Benjamin Howell, who was the husband of his daughter Elizabeth; to his daughter Maria, whose husband was Walter Kirkpatrick; and to his daughter Julia Ann, the wife of William Coventry H. Waddell. Mrs. Kirkpat- rick and her son Eugene died before her father and the property was divided between the other three children. Andrew Bell Cobb was born on the 7th of June 1804, at Parsippany, Hanover township, in the house where he resided till his death. He received a fine academic edu- cation. His youth was passed in assisting his father in the care of his landed estate. On the death of the latter, April ist 1831, he came in possession of a large portion of that estate, including the homestead at Parsippany, and commenced the active career which he followed through the rest of his life. His attention was mainly devoted to the management and improvement of his landed possessions, which steadily increased with the lapse of time. Incidentally he was engaged in agricul- ture, and he engaged to some extent in mining. He evinced a deep interest in the development of the iron interest in the county, and was at a late period in his life an iron manufacturer. He erected a charcoal blast furnace at " Split Rock." He was always active in the promotion of local improvements. In public and political affairs Mr. Cobb took an active part. He was a Whig till about 1853, after which he acted with the Democratic party. In 1838 he was ap- pointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Morris county, which office he held about five years. In 1849 and 1850 he was a member of the General Assembly from this county, and was again elected in 1853, though his party was not in the majority in his district. He was a leading member of the House in the session of 1854, and was active in promoting the legislation of that session which resulted in the limitation of the monopoly of the "Joint Companies" to the 1st of January 1869. In 1856 he was elected to the State Senate where he served efficiently during three sessions. He was during many years a member of the board of proprietors of East New Jersey. Judge Cobb had much individuality, was warm and earnest in his friendships, and very decided in the mani- festation of his dislikes and aversions. He had many devoted and zealous friends, and his unquestionable in- tegrity, his manly honor and the generosity of his nature compelled the respect of his enemies. He was a man of extensive information and a' good citizen. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth F., daughter of Captain David Kirkpatrick. She died December nth 1857, leaving a daughter, now the widow of Frederick A. De Mott. His second wife was Frances E., daughter of Nathaniel Ogden Condit. Their child- ren are Andrew Lemuel, and Elizabeth. In 1871 he became affected with paralysis, which gradually increased till his death, which occurred Janu- ary 31st 1873. PROMINENT EARLY RESIDENTS OF HANOVER. 219 "Old Jamaica spirit and Barbadoes rum by the hogs- head or less quantity; best London lump white lead; black horn buttons; and an excellent farm of about 500 acres lying at Raritan. To be sold by Abraham Lott at Beaverwick, near Morristown; from whom may also be had in exchange for all kinds of country produce the very best rock salt. August 29th 1778." " Rod and Sheet Iron of all sizes to be sold by Samuel Ogden at Boonton, Morris county, New Jersey. November J 778." The manor of Old Boonton was also during "the time that tried men's souls" a place of frequent resort to the officers of the Revolutionary army, and undoubt- edly camp kettles and other necessities in that line were there manufactured for the continental army. The place, at that time in the possession of the Ogdens, w:as, as afterward, appointed with reference to a considerable degree of state, as will appear from the following description by one who remembered it in its palmy days: " Serpentine pleasure walks studded on either side by fragrant shrubbery extended along the hillsides even as far as the main road. The gardens were exten- sive, handsomely laid out, and filled with choice fruit and blooming shrubbery. Gushing fountains and vine- clad arbors were interspersed throughout all these richly embellished grounds, giving to this enchanting place n novel and fairy-like appearance." These incidents and reminiscences are given to show the degree of civilization to which the locality had attained even at that early date. Some of the early settlers whose descendants still re- main in the township were: Samuel and Joseph Tuttle, from the north of England, near the river Tweed; Joseph and Abraham Kitchel, brothers, and Francis Lindsley, all from England. In addition to these might be men- tioned the Baldwins, Bowlsbys, Stileses, Thomases, Cobbs and Howells. The Baldwins and Bowlsbys were, doubt- less, among the very first settlers in the township, and held possession of large tracts of land, as is evident from old deeds, and some portions of these large possessions still remain in the direct and collateral branches of these races. The present seat of John L. Baldwin is doubtless a por- tion of the old domain, still held not only in the family but in the name. The ancient residence of his immediate ancestors stood a short distance southwest of his res- idence, and traces of garden culture, together with an old well, mark the spot. Hannah Woodruff Baldwin, wife of Elder Job Bald- win, and grandmother of John L., was a woman of strong practical judgment and kindly disposition, and moreover of a genial temper, and the mother of a large family. Her decease, at a good old age, was the occasion of gen- eral sorrow, and in the old churchyard is erected a suit- able memorial, bearing the following epitaph, written by her eccentric but somewhat gifted son Job: " A benefactress to the poor, Dear reader, now lies sleeping here." The faultless cadence of this couplet indicates the possession' of the more than ordinary musical taste which was largely inherent in the family, as evinced by the said Job, several of his sisters, and their descendants. The Baldwins emigrated from the Puritan settlement of Newark, as did the Howells and Thomases. The Cobbs were from New England direct, and be- came possessors of large tracts of land, held by their descendants to this day. This family has in several in- stances produced men of uncommon business ability, among whom may be enumerated the late George T. Cobb, of Morristown, and the late Colon-el Lemuel Cobb, of Parsippany, of the last of whom a sketch is given in connection with the biography of his son Andrew B. The Kitchel family, some of which still hold posses- ;sion of portions of the primitive family purchase, has produced several instances of marked ability, of whom may be mentioned Prof. William Kitchel, who preceded Prof. George H. Cook as State geologist, and Aaron Kitchel, member of the United States Senate from 1807 to 1 81 1, of whom a short biographical sketch is here given. He was born at Hanover in 1744. Bred to a farmer's life, with only the scanty education to be picked up at home, his enterprising spirit craved a more active and congenial field of labor, and of all such within his reach none seemed more congenial and promising than the life and work of a blacksmith. To this trade he was duly ap- apprenticed, but his master proved to be an unthrifty ]5e;- son, and, absconding, left the business and liis family on the hands of his trusty apprentice, who nobly assumed the care of the forsaken family and paid off the debts. During his struggle with these adverse circumstances he, by reading and study, enlarged his field of knowledge and rapidly rose in public esteem and confidence. In the Revolutionary struggle he early espoused the cause of freedom, and was among the first volunteers in the patriot army. After the close of the war he was for some years in the State Legislature. In 1799 he was elected representative in Congress, which trust he held by successive elections until 1807. He was then chosen United States senator, in which capacity he served four years, being compelled to resign on account of ill health. He died June 25th 1820, and lies buried in Hanover churchyard. David Young, Philom., was born January 27th 1781, at the point of Hook Mountain, on what is known as the Miller place. While yet a mere lad he exhibited a decided inclination toward those studies in which he was afterward to excel, and many anecdotes are current illustrative of this bent of his genius. He soon out- stripped his preceptors in mathematical pursuits, and commenced a course of independent study. With his little savings he would purchase books and instruments to aid him in the gratification of a desire for learn- ing which in him was a passion. He wrote articles for the New York papers which attracted such general attention among the learned that a French savan wrote requesting him to undertake some very 30 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. difficult problem which had long puzzled the Best scholars in the department of mathematics. He solved the problem satisfactorily, and set the price of his long labor at the modest sum of $50. He received sev- eral solicitations to go abroad, but strenuously persisted in remaining at Hanover. He prepared the manuscript for the Farmer's Alman.ic published by Benjamin Olds in Newark, which popular work brought him sufficient to supply his humble wants. He also wrote the original account of the Morristown Ghost, a rare work, as the issue was suppressed with deference to the feelings of some of the dupes in that famous affair. About the year 1825 Mr. Younj; delivered in many places in New Jersey a lecture on the laws of motion, which was published in pamphlet, copies of which are still extant. He was singularly childlike in his manner, absent minted and of extremely tender feelings. He died February 13th 1852, and lies buried in the graveyard at Hanover. A marble slab marks his place of rest, bearing his name, the date of birth and death, and the following simple epitaph: " Farewell, my wife, whose tender care Has long engaged my love; Your fond embrace I now exchange I"or better friends above." Rev. John Ford was born at Monroe in this township in 1787. While still a lad he was apprenticed to the trade of tanner and currier. From childhood he had evinced an insatiable thirst for books and study. His hours for recreation and often his hours for rest were de- voted to reading. In his nineteenth year he was hope- fully converted to Christ, and his employer, knowing his studious habits, gave him the remainder of his time, and encouraged him to enter upon a course of study prepara- tory to the work of the ministry. He entered Princeton College, having prepared for the senior class; graduated with high honors, and entered into active life as a teacher in Bloomfield, where he was eminently successful. In conjunction with the duties of his calling he pursued the study of theology and Hebrew. He was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Newark, and in 1815, not having had any previous experience in the ministry, he was called and ordained to the duties of the pastorate of the Presbyterian church at Parsippany, in which position he remained forty years, performing all its duties with Christian zeal and earnestness. He died December 31st 1872. Dr. John Darby, or " old Dr. Darby," who owned the premises lately in the possession of John S. Smith, of Parsippany, and of whom mention is made in the review of the Presbyterian church of that village, was a native of Elizabeth in this State, born about 1725. He studied for the ministry, was licensed, and afterward prepared himself for the practice of medicine. About the year 1772 he located himself at Parsi|)pany, practiced medi- cine, and supplied the pulpit of the old church when required. He was twice married, and was the father of six children. His oldest daughter by the first wife, Hester by name, was married about 1755 to John Troupe, a member of the family after whom Troupe's bridge in Lower Whippany is named, which family re- sided on the spot now owned and occupied by the Misses Elizabeth and Phebe Johnson. When the war of the Revolution broke out this Troupe enlisted in the king's service, and was sent to the south, accompanied by his wife. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Eutaw Springs, and died in Charleston. The widow afterward married a man by the name of Ross, and with him went to reside in Canada, where Ross died. After the death of her second husband she contracted a third marriage, with a Canadian by the name of Guion. Where this man Guion died is not certain, but about 1800 Mrs. Guion married one John Fox, a soldier of the Revolution- ary army, who held a captain's commission and was at the battle of Monmouth. Fox seems to have been a very versatile creature — was by turns a preacher, teacher and merchant; but, not proving much of a success in these pursuits, he at last became a farmer, and settled on a small tract of land at the foot of the hill which bears his nanne. He seems to have sought this secluded spot with reference to its fitness for conducting the contra- band business of counterfeiting, in which he there en- gaged. His abode was, however, discovered, and he was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to serve seven years in State prison. After the expiration of his term he returned to his farm, lived poor, and died in 1815. His wife survived until 1824. She died in the re- ceipt of a pension from the British government. The Foxes were buried in the old graveyard at Parsippany, but no slab marks the spot where they lie. The above sketch is given upon the authority of reliable documents, now in the hands of Justice William H. Grimes, of Parsippany. Title to Lands. Shortly before the grant of King Charles II. to the Duke of York, which was made on the 22nd day of Oc- tober 1664, John Bailey, Luke Watson and Daniel Den- ton of Jamaica, Long Island, purchased of certain Indian chiefs on Staten Island large tracts of wild lands, which tracts probably embraced lands in Hanover township. Subsequently the proprietors of New Jersey, who claimed these tracts under the grant to the Duke of York, re- sisted these claims under the Indian title, and a long liti- gation was the consequence. This suit was finally de- cided in favor of the proprietors, and those who had pur- chased lands under Bailey & Co. were either compelled to renew their claim under the proprietors or relinquish their lands. Probably some of the first purchasers of lands in this township were implicated in this lawsuit, but to what extent is uncertain. All records of convey- ance previous to the organization of the county of Morris were kept at Burlington or Perth Amboy, and the curi- ous in these matters can, no doubt, avail themselves of much information by consulting those records. Characteristics of Population. The population of this township at the several census dates has been as follows: 1810, 3,843; 1820, 3^503; THE PEOPLE OF HANOVER— VILLAGES IN THE TOWNSHIP. 221 1830, 3,718; 1840, 3,908; 1850, 3,608; i860, 3,476 (95 colored); 1870, 3,624(109 colored); 1880, 4,138 (Littleton 338, Whippany 504). The inhabitants of this township are chiefly the off- spring of the primitive settlers, who, as before stated, were mainly from the New Englandish settlements of Newark and Elizabeth, and, like their ancestors, present in strong relief all the peculiar characteristics of the stock from which they sprang. The sturdy moral and relig- ious character of these primitive settlers, evinced in the prominence given to religious and mental culture, has been faithfully transmitted to their offspring of the present time, and Hanover township may be set down as one of the best church-going communities of the State. The cause of education, likewise, has not been lost sight of, and it may safely be asserted that there are more college- bred farmers within its boundaries than be found in any other township in the county. As a result of these char- acteristics, it will be found that no person from this township has ever been convicted in our court for a cap- ital offence or very exalted crime. In physical develop- ment the people of this township vie with those of the more rugged mountain townships; and, indeed, in the gi- gantic stature of six feet seven, attained by one of our ex-sheriffs, we may fairly challenge competition with any region of our country. Strong local attachment, ren- dered stronger by the fertility of the soil and a pleasant climate, prompts the Hanoverians to cling to the home- steads of their fathers. Many families can be found holding estates through three generations, and in one in- stance an estate is held which belonged to all four of the owner's great-grandfathers. During the Revolution the loyalty of this portion of the county was unmistakably expressed, as was attested by the numerous pensioners formerly resident here. The first military company in Morris county was formed at Whippany, in 1775, under the command of Captain Morris, and in the subsequent conflict with the mother country in 1812 the same attach- ment to our country's cause was evinced. The Rev. Samuel M. Phelps, pastor of the Presbyterian congrega- tion at Parsippany, at the head of about 180 men from this locality volunteered to aid in the erection of tem- porary defences on Long Island. In the Mexican war Captain Yard's company of infantry was largely made up of volunteers from Hanover township, and in the late re- bellion the same region was handsomely represented in the Union array. Villages. Whippany, the most important settlement in the town- ship, is located on both sides of the river which gives it a name, is well built and contains about 500 inhabitants. The larger part of the population find employment in the paper-mills and cotton-mill there located. A Pres- byterian, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic church fur- nish facilities for religious culture, and a well conducted public school of two departments affords adequate means of secular instruction. Five stores, several blacksmiths' and a wheelwright shop minister in their several spheres to the necessities of the community, and when the mills are in full operation the village presents an animated and thrifty appearance. A post-ofi5ce is located here. Parsippany, the second village in size, is about three miles north of Whippany on the Parsipanny Brook. It is a rambling settlement of about 300 inhabitants, and con- tains two churches, Presbyterian and Methodist, both situated on commanding eminences; two blacksmith and two wheelwright shops, two stores, and a two-story public school-house located upon a third eminence. It is a post village, contains several handsome residences, and all together presents an air of quiet thrift and refinement. Troy, which constitutes a part of the Presbyterian parish of Parsippany, is situated upon the highlands bordering the meadows. It consists of a long succession of well built residences of the thrifty farmers of the lo- cality. It contains a saw-mill, a grist-mill, blacksmith and wheelwright shops, a public school-house and a gen- eral store. T. O. Smith's milk depot is located here on the flowing well. It sends from fifty to seventy-five cans of milk and cream a day by mule teams direct to his store in New York. In the spring of 1842, while a well was being dug on the slope of an eminence which rose about twenty feet in fifty rods, and when the excavation had reached the depth of 22 feet, a roaring noise was heard by the per- son at the bottom, who in his fright requested to be raised from his perilous position. This was speedily done, as he was followed by a gush of water, which has ever since been running over the top, and now supplies the large creamery of Mr. Smith with an abundance of pure cold water. Littleton, also a post village, can boast of several first- class country seats, and has a store, public school-house, etc. Hanover, another post village, boasts the oldest church organization in the county. It is a cleanly, agricultural place; has a neat church building (Presbyterian), a public school-house and several fine residences. Soil and Agriculture. The soil of a great part of the township is somewhat clayey and tenacious, retains for a great length of time the fertilizing elements applied, and where properly drained is of unsurpassed fertility. Bordering upon the Passaic and its tributaries there is an extent of lowland containing 3,000 acres, exceedingly valuable as meadows, although, being subject to overflow, the crop is in wet seasons liable to considerable damage. These lands, however, furnish the main supply of manure for the up- lands, and of a most suitable quality. The hay which they produce is used profusely as a litter, and, becoming saturated with barnyard deposit, is in the spring plowed into the furrows of the stiff upland soils, thus promoting drainage, as well as supplying during its decay many needed elements to the growing crop. Moreover, in dry seasons, the grass, then being of a more edible quality, compensates for the diminished crop of the upland, and HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. serves to keep the scales of the farmer's income and out- go measurably balanced. If the measures for draining this large tract of land are ever carried out, as recom- mended in the report of our State geologist in 1869, all the advantages therein set forth would no doubt be full}' realized. This township ranks as a decided dairy region. In this respect, however, it does not take rank, either in ex- tent or richness, with the southeastern portions of the State of New York. Perhaps it would better be classed as a stock-raising locality. Formerly, indeed, the fatten- ing of cattle was one of the main sources of safe income among farmers. Large quantities of upland hay were formerly carried to the markets of Newark and Paterson, but of late much of this product has been utilized at home in maintaining stock for the production, of milk. As to the rotation of crops best calculated to promote the largest production of upland grass of the first quality, some little difference of opinion prevails, but it is ad- mitted on all sides that exhaustion of the soil in cereals of any kind is a poor policy. The rapid growth of the milk trade in this part of the county, and the extent of that enterprise, demand partic- ular notice. This business is the growth of the last quarter of a century The first can of milk sent to the New York market from this section was produced about the year 1840 on the farm of William F. Smith of Parsip- pany, who shipped it directly to the retailer. Finding the demand on the increase he associated himself with some of his neighbors, still shipping directly to the re- tailer. This was the humble beginning of what is now, perhaps, the leading agricultural pursuit of the township. This pursuit as now developed is conducted through some dozen firms, who daily ship about 200 cans of milk to the cities of the seaboard, realizing in return about $80,000 per annum. Whether the production of milk will long continue to be the chief agricultural aim of this region, or whether there will be a return to the old deal- ing in hay, depends much upon the facilities for trans- portation which may be hereafter developed. One thing, however, is certain; the high average value of lands in this township, $60 per acre, taken in connection with the fact that they are held exclusively for farming purposes, indicates no ordinary agricultural advantages. The Iron Era. As has been before stated, the people of Hanover township were at an early date engaged in the manufac- ture of iron. The proximity of iron ore, to be had by simply picking it up on the surface of the earth; streams of gentle declivity, flowing through a rolling country and offering power sites at little cost; a country well stocked with forests from which to make charcoal, and needy markets in a new and developing colony, were in- ducements which this region presented to hardy and ad- venturous men at the date of its settlement. We who live in this day of steam transportation may smile at the idea of an important manufacture being conducted in such manner as that in which tradition assures us the business of this locality was conducted by those old col- onists. " The ore obtained at Succasunna," says tradi- tion, "was conveyed in leathern bags on horses' backs to the forges, and the manufactured article carried in the same primitive way to the markets of Newark and New York." Notwithstanding all this the business was so re- numerative as to induce the erection of at least three forges upon the Whi[)pany River and two others upon its tributaries, one at Troy and another at Malapardis, while a sixth was located on the Hanover side of the Rockaway River at Old Boonton. Indeed, notwithstand- ing the tedious transportation of ore from the mines above Rockaway and Dover, and the further cost of con- veying charcoal from at least as great a distance, the last of these " old forges," that at Troy, hammered its last bar only a few years before the late rebellion, and remains of the ponderous timbers which entered into its construc- tion may still be seen upon the site; unused implements there lie rusting amid wild briars and ailanthus trees, while the gentle stream upon which it was built, still re- strained by the ancient dam, expands into a sheet of water that forms a lovely feature in a beautiful woodland scene. The works at Old Boonton assumed at an early date a pre-eminence among these manufactories on account of the superior strength of the water power at that place; but the headlong and destructive waters of the river have, in a succession of freshets, swept away almost every ves- tige of the old manufactories there located. Bar iron was undoubtedly the exclusive product of these establish- ments with the exception of Old Boonton, but of the ex- tent, in capital, of this industry, and of the returns there- from to the locality, no reliable statistics are available. Silas Tuttle, of Whippany, aged go years, has in his possession a lease dated A. D. 1765, from Garret Rapel- yea, of New York, to John and Joseph Tuttle, for the forges, without specifying number or location. Joseph Mount, also of Whippany, lately deceased, said: "I was born in 1778. I have seen old timbers said to have been a part of the old forge at Whippany. It stood at the west end of the cotton-mill dam, between the river and the road. A saw-mill and a grist-mill were built upon the same ground after the forge went down. [ have heard that there was a forge where the ruins of the Jefferson paper-mill now stand. There was one at or near the Halsey pla:ce, near Horse Hill, and another at Malapardis where the water is now drawn from the pond to supply the woolen-mill of E. R. Fairchild. The pond for the use of this forge covered 500 acres of land, and there were a great many pine trees standing in it. The Newark and Mt. Pleasant turnpike was laid out nearly through the middle of this pond. When a small boy I saw some of these forges in operation. They be- longed to the family of the late ex-Governors Mahlon and Philemon Dickerson." E. R. Fairchild, owner and operator of the woolen- mill at Malapardis, now 74 years old, says: " I have always resided in this vicinity. My grandfather, Abra- ham Fairchild, has often told me that he carried iron OLD BOONTON IRON WORKS— MILLS IN HANOVER. 223 made at Stony Brook forge (Malapardis) to Newark on horseback, and in the same manner returned with a load of rye flour, there being at that time (1780) no road fit for heavy draught." Isaac S. Lyon, in his discourses, gives some interesting scraps of history relating to Old Boonton. He says: " Our earliest authentic information with respect to this matter places the possession of the Boonton tract in David Ogden, Esq., an eminent lawyer of Newark, as early as 17591" snd that the place probably received its name from said Ogden, in compliment to Thomas Boone, once a colonial governor of New Jersey. The site came into possession of Colonel Samuel Ogden about 1765. In the year 1766 or perhaps 1767 he came to Old Boonton to take charge of iron works already established there, and considerably enlarged operations by erecting a roll- ing and slitting-mill. These branches of manufacture, being forbidden in the colonies by act of Parliament, were of course conducted clandestinely. With relation to this matter the Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, late of Rockaway, writes: " The slitting-mill was carried on with great se- crecy. The upper part was said to be a small grist-mill, which was put in operation to blind the eyes of the sus- picious." Further particulars of this establishment may be found on pages 56 and 57. Old Boonton was a post village as early as 1795, one Rodolphus Kent being at that time postmaster; but the office was in 1817 changed to Parsippany. Modern Manufactures and Trade. The manufacture of iron slowly retreated mountain, ward, driven thither by the scarcity of charcoal and the cost of ore carriage, and in the places once occupied by it gradually sprang up lighter manufactures more or less dependent upon water power. About the year 1810 Abraham Fairchild, Esq., the grandfather of E. R. Fair- child of Malapardis, set up the first carding and spinning machines in the township. They were brought from the State prison of New York, and were put into operation on the premises at present occupied as a woolen-mill by E. R. Fairchild and sons. This establishment has been enlarged from time to time, until it has reached its pres- ent dimensions. Power looms and other modern acces- sories have been added, and a good line of wares is pro- duced, which are much in demand for serviceable and respectable suits such as are preferred by farmers and their work hands. This is the only woolen-mill in the township. About the beginning of the present century Jacob Gray and Cornelius Voorhees purchased of a Mr. Maher the paper-mill standing on the site of the present Cale- donia mill, which site had previously been occupied by a grist-mill. Shortly thereafter the property was sold to Joseph Blything, who by introducing the best machines then known soon raised the business to deserved prom- inence, having about 1830 put up the first " Foudinier" machine started in New Jersey. In 1843 Gaunt & Der- rickson purchased this site and that of the Phoenix mill, just above, rebuilt them and operated them until they were purchased by the late Daniel Coghlan in 1847, In 1855 M''- Coghlan also purchased the Jefferson mill, near Monroe, and he operated it until it was burned down in 1861. From i860 to 1870 the Caledonia mill produced year- ly about two hundred tons of paper, chiefly of dark buff envelope. The Phoenix mill, which was at its rebuilding called the Eden mill, produced during the above named years from eight to ten tons weekly of white paper for Frank Leslie's pictorial, the Z^^^r and other journals. These mills are now in the possession of A. J. & R. Coghlan. In the year 1880 the site at Old Boonton formerly oc- cupied by the forge and grist-mill of Charles A. Righter, deceased, was purchased by a New York company, who erected thereon an extensive building and commenced the manufacture of paper. This enterprise is of too re- cent a date to have permitted its full development. It is now running chiefly on strawboard, of which it pro- duces from three to five tons daily. A small quantity of white and colored paper has of late been made. This establishment is now in the hands of Fitzgibbons, Mes- ser & Co., of 65 and 67 Crosby street, New York. The manufacture of cotton goods was a few years since quite an important field of enterprise. This busi- ness was first introduced into the locality by Noadiah P. Thomas, a prominent citizen of Whippany, sprung from one of the oldest families of the place. As early as the year 1830 there were under his supervision three cotton- spinning establishments, placed at intervals along the Whippany River from a point above Eden mill to the present cotton mill dam. One of these having been destroyed by fire about the year 1835, he projected and carried into effect the erection and fitting up of a part of the present spacious building, now used a cotton-mill, to which subsequent additions were made until it attained its present dimensions. This mill is at present in opera- tion, making yarn, having recently been purchased by a Mr. Hunt from Hanning & Gosling, who had held it idle for a long time. Flouring mills were formerly somewhat more numer- ous than at present, several of the ancient buildings hav- ing been suffered to go to decay. Early in the present century Colonel Lemuel Cobb, a prominent citizen of Parsipanny, constructed a raceway at considerable cost from the old academy lot, leading the waters of Parsip- pany Brook to a point near the road east of the residence of Mrs. Mary Board. Here he erected a grist-mill which was successfully operated for a few years but at the date of the earliest memories of those now past middle age was only a romantic ruin. Traces of the old raceway still exist, and its embankment, studded with ancient trees, stretching along the bank of a sylvan rivu- let, is a pleasant resort of a summer afternoon. One erected by the late John Righter in 1842 at Old Boonton was burned in 1872, and was never rebuilt. The decay of the flouring business is attributable to the greater profitableness of the milk and hay business as compared with the production of grain. Two of these establish- 224 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ments, however, are in successful operation; one at Troy, the property of A. J. Smith, and one at Whippany, ov/ned by WilHam H. Howell. In the beginning of the present century saw-mills were frequent along the streams of the township, and their sites may be readily detected by remains of dams. At present there are but four in operation; one at Whip- pany, owned by B. F. Howell; one at Troy, operated and owned by A. J. Smith; a third at Malapardis, owned by the Messrs. Young, and a fourth at PowerviUe, belong- ing to the Scott heirs. Within the recollection of men living a saw-mill was run by Abraham Doremus at Fox Hill, another by Peter Righter near the old graveyard at Parsippany, another by Edward Cobb half a mile below, near the residence of S. S. Barton, another a few hundred yards below, by John B. Cobb, and still another by Ben- jamin Howell, at Troy, all on Parsippany Brook, the first on the head waters, and the last on the edge of the lowland, below the grist-mill. The distilling of cider spirits was formerly a consider- able pursuit, but the distilleries have faded from the lo- cality, the old building at Henry Ball's place near Power- viUe being the only remaining vestige of a once profitable business. The manufacture of shoes, introduced into the town- ship about 1800 by Josiah Quinby, was once a very con- siderable source of profit to the region, and many fine farms are still owned by the descendants of those who bought them with the proceeds of this industry. In Whippany, Troy, and other places there was for- merly a large business carried on in tanning leather; but not one of the tanneries is now in existence in the town- ship. The slow but sure growth of these higher manufac- tures, which have succeeded that of iron, indicates clearly that with larger facilities of ready transport by steam their growth would be greatly augmented, and the many now unused power sites would be called into requisition. The expenditure of capital in constructing such facilities of transportation would be by no means a hazardous in- vestment. The mercantile operations of the township are con- ducted through several stores in the various villages, most numerously of course where manfactures are located. Under the old iron regime these were generally in the hands of the manufacturers themselves, they being the only men of sufficient capital for the undertaking; but, in obedience to the law which enforces division of labor, the-se gradually became separate establishments, depend- ing on the manufacturing interests so far only as good will was concerned. There are in Whippany five well stocked and thriving stores; in Parsippany two, that of Melvin S. Condit hold- ing the rank of a first class country store, as does also that of Monroe Howell at Troy. Hanover and Little- ton have each a store, but these, being nearer to large centers of trade (Newark and Morristown), have by no means so large a patronage as the others men- tioned. Religious Societies. Within the limits of this township there are eight build- ings erected for the public worship of God. These be- long to the respective societies as follows: Presbyter- ians, four; Methodists, three, inclusive of the tabernacle at Mt. Tabor; Roman Catholics, one, at Whippany. WHIPPANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first religious organization in the county was formed and the first church edifice erected at Whippany. In the year 17 18 one John Richards, a schoolmaster, do- nated a tract of land to the village by a conveyance from which the following is an extract: "I, John Richards, of Whippanong, in the county of Hunterdon, schoolmaster, for and in consideration of the love and affection I have for my Christian friends and neighbors in Whippanong, and for a desire to promote and advance the public inter- est, and especially for those who shall covenant and agree to erect a suitable meeting-house for the worship of God, give three and a half acres of land, situate and being in the township of Whippanong on that part called Percippon- ong, on the northwestward side of Whippanong river; only for public use and benefit, for a meeting-house, school-house, burying yard and training field, and such like uses, and no other." The church building, which must have been erected shortly after the date of the deed, stood on the northwest corner of the ground deeded as aforesaid. Mr. Richards, the philanthropic donor, died in December of the year set forth in the deed, and the stone which marks his grave is the oldest one in the burying ground. The first pastor was the Rev. Nathaniel Hubbel, from Massachusetts and a graduate of Yale College. He was succeeded by the Rev. John Nutman, also a graduate of Yale College. The congregation at this time (1730) extended over a wide range of country, embracing the territory now covered by Hanover, Whip- pany, Chatham, Madison, Parsippany and Morristown, and even reaching beyond the limits of these places. Not long after the settlement of Mr. Nutman a move- ment was made toward the erection of a new place of worship, as the building in which the society then con- vened was so dilapidated as to be unfit for use; and a sharp contention arose among the people of the different sections as to the location of the new building, should one be erected. This religious body being Presbyterian, the matter was referred and re-referred from synod to presbytery, but this procedure did not effect a reconcilia- tion. Morristown persisted in demanding a separate organization, which was granted in 1735. The Rev. Mr. Nutman was succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Green. Early in Mr. Green's ministry (1755) it was decided that the old meeting-house should be abandoned; and to accommodate the widespread congre- gation two houses were erected, one at Hanover, near where the present church stands, and the other at Par- sippany, in the old burying ground of that place. By order of the presbytery, Mr. Green was to officiate at REV. JACOB GREEN- PARSIPPANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCPI. 225 both these places, which he did until 1760, when the or- ganization at Parsippany was permitted to seek a minis- ter for itself. Mr. Green's ministry continued until his death, which occurred May 24th 1790. He was a man of large and varied acquirements, learned as well in law and medicine as in theology. His salary being small he engaged quite largely in secular pursuits, at one time being interested in a grist-mill and a distillery. A letter was once received by him addressed as follows: To the Hev. Jacob Green, Preacher, And the Rev. Jacob Green, Teacher. To the llev. Jacob Green, Doctor, And the Rev. Jacob Green, Proctor. To the Hev. Jacob Green, Miller, And the Rev. Jacob Green, Distiller. He was buried near the church in which he officiated for so many years, and over his grave is place a horizon- tal tablet bearing the following inscription: " Under this stone are deposited the remains of the Rev'd Jacob Green, A. M., first pastor of this church; who died May 24th 1790, aged 68 years, of which 44 were spent in the gospel ministry in this place. He was a man of temper even, firm and resolute; of affections temperately steady and benevolent; of genius solid, in- quisitive and penetrating; of industry active and un- wearied; of learning curious and accurate; of manners simple and reserved; of piety humble, enlightened, fer- vent, eminent. As a preacher he was instructive, plain, searching, practical. As a pastor, watchful, laborious, ever intent upon some plan for the glory of God and the salvation of his flock, and by the divine blessing happily and eminently successful." Mr, Green was succeeded in the ministry as follows: Rev. Calvin White, 1790-95; Rev. Aaron Condit, 1796- 1830; Rev. William Tobey, 1830-33; Rev. Samuel Mande- ville, 1834-38; Rev. Thomas Ward, 1839-41; Rev. John M. Johnson, 1841-49, 1855-68; Rev. George I. King, 1849-55; Rev. J. A. Ferguson, from 1869 to date. The present neat and commodious church edifice was erected during the pastorate of the Rev. S. Mandeville, about the year 1835. PARSIPPANY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In point of age the next congregation in the township is that of the Presbyterians in Parsippany, erected into a distinct organization in 1760. A church edifice had been built in 1755 in the old burying ground of the village. This lot had been deeded for the purpose in the year i74S> by George Bowlsby, and contained two and a quar- ter acres. The following extract from the body of this old conveyance, still in the archives of the church, exhib- its somewhat of the religious feeling of the age and the community: " To have and to hold the said piece of land, contain- ing two acres and one quarter &c., unto said Ichabod Tompkins &c., to the use and uses hereinafter mentioned and expressed, and to no other use, intent or purpose whatsoever; that is to say, to the use and uses, benefit and behoof of the people belonging to the religious society of people commonly called Presbyterians in the township of 'Hanover aforesaid and parts adjacent, for- ever, and for a place for the erecting a meeting-house upon, and for a burying place for the use and service of the people called Presbyterians which are or shall be and continue in unity and society of those Presbyterians in Hanover aforesaid and parts adjacent, who shall meet and assemble themselves together on the premises above mentioned to worship God in the Presbyterian manner. Provided always, and it is the intention and meaning hereof and of all the said parties hereto, that no person or persons who shall not belong to said society, or join with the major part of them that shall meet together at the place aforesaid, shall have any rights or interest in the said piece of land, meeting-house or any part thereof, while they shall remain out of the said society of Presby- terians, or shall not in a constant and common way meet at the place aforesaid with them and join with them in their public worship." Tradition informs us that the first building erected was of logs and quite small. Somewhere between 1755 and 1773, probably but a little prior to the last date, a new meeting-house was built, which stood near the front of the present graveyard, and was still standing within the memory of some of the oldest citizens of the place. After the separation of this body from that at Han- over, in 1769, Dr. Darby, who was both a theologian and a physician, supplied the pulpit of the church until 1767, when Rev. James Tuttle was called and installed as pas- tor of the church at Parsippany and that at Rockaway. His ministry lasted until his death, in 1770. After an interval of three years he was succeeded by the Rev. Mr. Grover, who continued in the pastorate until 1799, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Samuel M. Phelps, who remained until 1815. Rev. John Ford then com- menced his ministry, which extended over the long period intervening between that date and 1857. During his pas- torate, in 1828, the present substantial brick house of worship was erected. In the early part of the ministry of Mr. Ford the peo- ple were startled one Sunday morning to find, upon en- tering church, that the walls of the sacred edifice had during the week been decorated with ludicrous carica- tures of the prominent members of the society. The religious feeling of the place was, of course, greatly shocked, and surmises were abundant as to who might be the perpetrators of the outrage. No reliable solution was arrived at until nearly a quarter of a century after, when it transpired that two mischievous medical stu- dents, then under the care of the late Dr. Stephen Fairchild, had perpetrated the rather unjustifiable joke upon the congregation. The two lads at the time took their seats demurely with other churchgoers, and lis- tened attentively to the discourse, which was delivered by the Rev. Barnabas King, who in the course of his re- marks illustrated the emptiness of earthly aims by refer- ring to the " shadows on the wall." After the resignation of Mr. Ford Rev. J. F, Sutton officiated as pastor for a short time. During his ministry, and owing to strong opposition to his installation and settlement, a dissension arose, which resulted in the withdrawal of a portion of the congregation, who were organized under the name of the First Presbyterian Church of Parsippany — the older organization bearing the title of the Second Presbyterian Church of Hanover. 226 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The seceding body, after building a church near the post office in Parsip|)any, finding themselves unable to support a minister, finally disposed of their church build- ing, which was purchased by the Reformed Church of Boonton, removed thither, and is now occupied by that body. After the separation the pulpit of the primitive church was successfully filled by the following pastors: Rev. A. R. Wolfe, Rev. F. F. Judd, Rev. A. M. F. Brown, Rev. Mr. Board, Rev. L. Boutelier, and Rev. Dr. C. C. Parker, who died in the ministry in February 1880. In 1859 and i860 the church edifice of this congrega- tion was much improved by a general alteration in its internal arrangements, and in 1876 a handsome parson- age was built near it, on a piece of land donated for that purpose by Colonel I. Condit Smith, of Troy. In 1863 the stone walls in the rear and the iron fence along the front of the graveyard were erected. The stone posts were from Yost's quarry at Bloomfield and were put in position by Christian Stanford. In 1870 the fence of cedar posts and iron rails along the old road was put up by Simms & De Hart, of Boonton, and the elm and maple trees were planted by R. D. Mattoon. The Presbyterian church at Whippany was organized May ist 1833, and immediately erected the present house of worship, much resembling the one at Hanover. Sev- eral ministers of marked ability have successively occu- pied the pulpit. The present incumbent. Rev. Mr. Bard well, has been in the pastorate about, ten years, and has by his earnestness and Christian simplicity won the affections of all his parishioners. The society of this denomination at Morris Plains, whose chapel is just finished, is of too recent origin to have a history. METHODIST INSTITUTIONS. The Methodist society at Whippany was organized a little before the year 1825, at which date the present chapel was built. The ministrations at this place are conducted by students from Drew Seminary, at Madison. The church of this denomination at Parsippany was built in 1830. Regular appointments to this post are made by the bishop presiding over the Newark Confer- ence, the Rev. John Faul being the present pastor. The most noted place of Methodist worship in this township, and perhaps the most noted in the State, is Camp Tabor, near Denville. The camp meeting asso- ciation of the Newark Conference was chartered March 17th 1869, and on the 26th of the same month purchased some thirty acres of land near Denville. In April of the same year the work of laying out the ground was com- menced, and the first camp meeting was held in August. In 1872 a still further purchase of 100 acres was made, and the whole tract, comprising 130 acres, has been laid out in large lots with reference to the purposes for which it was bought. Upon these lots, sold to different persons, about 150 cottages have been built, varying in expensiveness from $300 to $2,500. These are generally occupied from about the ist of June to about the ist of September. The place is supplied by pure water pumped from a neighboring spring into a reservoir located upon an eminence. Elegant saloons and airy tents are placed at intervals, where edibles of the choicest preparation can be procured, and bazaars stocked with fancy goods m.iy be found when occasion requires. The tabernacle, from whose portico the sermons are delivered, is a tastefully planned and richly painted structure, which, together with the light and tent-like buildings for prayer meeting.s, gives an almost oriental aspect to the place. During camp meeting seasons good sermons may here be heard daily, and bursts of song, with well executed cornet and organ accompaniments, reverberating through the leafy arches, lift the soul of the listener into the regions of highest religious feeling. The grounds are under the control of twelve trustees elected for a term of three years; the terms of four trustees expire annually, and their places are filled by yearly elections by lot owners. Camp meet- ings are held yearly in August, and the services are under the control of a committee appointed by the conference. ROMAN CATHOLIC. Tne Roman Catholic chapel at Whippany, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was erected only a few years since. It is of a neat gothic design, with rose windows and bel- fry. The servics are conducted by the resident priest at Madison. Monumental Inscriptions. At Irish Lot, the residence of Mahlon Hubbard, for- merly the seat of Captain Michael Kearney, lying among aheap of stones which once formed a well-laid wall in- closing a small spot of ground, is a broad, horizontal slab, bearing the following inscription: " Sacred to the memory of Captain Michael Kearney, of his Britannic Majesty's Navy. He departed this life at the Irish Lott, the seat of his residence in Hanover, on the 5th day of April A. D. 1797, aged 71 years, 6 months and 28 days. In the naval service he was a brave and intrepid officer, which secured to him several marks of distinguished respect and confidence. In private life he exhibited the virtues of benevolence, hospitality and gen- teel urbanity." In the old graveyard at Parsippany, engraved on verti- cal slabs of brown stone, are the following epitaphs: " Here lies the body of Margaret, wife of Daniel Bauld- win and only child of John and Anna Wilson, who, to the inexpressible grief of her husband and all that knew her, bid adieu to this world November 20th 1772, being married lo days; aged 19 years." " You readers of this tomb. You soon may hither come ; Tho' now in health and free from pain Yet soon with me you may be lain." " Here lies the body of Noahdiah Thomas, who died Aprl ye 4th 1777, aged 21 ye'rs & lo months." " Here lies a young man who in his prime Ran bold adventures for liberty and pace. But now he is gone, and left his fraynds behind To mourn for him & for their follies past. Not many years before this date I then rejoysed in youthful state. But now alone 'tis here I lie. My friends, prepare, for you must die." ^^r'^.e.,:^, ^(2^ ■' I '.! (/ /I jJo.a A s,,., Jj?»,-/,:7, ,!t iV,7 THE SCHOOLS OF HANOVER TOWNSHIP. 227 " Delicice ehu fugaces ! Conjugis amabilis et amatm, prudentia eximia, officiisque omnibus filics, uxoris ma- trisque praestantis, morte subita et inopinata abreptce, valde defleta. Filii parvuli, precari, multo meritoque delecti, docilis, alacris, soleriis, spei eximtcB, cequo subito derepti amore conjugis parentisq. superstiiis memoricR con- secratum." " Maria Caroline, wife of Walter Kirkpatrick, Esq., born Oct. 12th 1798, died Oct. 6th 1826. Eugene Walter Kirkpatrick, born May 2d 1825, died July 23d 1828." It is not often that the home affections are expressed in inscriptions of so classical a character, and a brief history of this case may not be out of place. Walter Kirkpatrick was a native of Somerset county, a graduate of Princeton, a lawyer by profession and a surveyor, in the practice of which last calling he became acquainted with the late Colonel Lemuel Cobb, of Parsippany, a frequent visitor at the colonel's abode, and the success- ful suitor for the hand of Maria Caroline, his young, lovely and accomplished daughter. Among other suit- ors for the fair hand of the maiden was the celebrated Sylvester Graham, who, being something of a poet, chronicled his disappointment in this matter in an allegorical burst of rhyme which was printed, and for- merly quite largely read in the vicinity. After a brief married life the lady died, and the grief-stricken hus- band indited the above inscription for her memorial, which, however, was not erected until within the last few years, and long after the death of both husband and wife. In the burying ground at Hanover is the following: " Here lies interred the body of Eleanor Troupe, who died October 26th 1769, in the 59th year ot her age." This inscription becomes somewhat interesting in con- nection with the history of a relative's widow, the daughter of Dr. Darby of Parsippany. In the same graveyard may also be read the inscription to the mem- ory of David Young, which is given in connection with a biographical sketch of that notable man. Schools. The township under the public school laws of the State is divided into districts, the names and school popu- lation of which are given in the annexed extract from the report of the State superintendent for the year 1880: Monroe, 77; Littleton, 89; Malapardis, 60; Whippany, in; Hanover, 58; Hanover Neck, 49; Troy, 87; Par- sippany, 76; North Parsippany, 34; Old Boonton, 41; Powerville, 97; total 779. Average number of months the schools have been kept open, 9.6. Value of school property in the township, $9,950. Of the buildings in which these several schools are convened, those of Whippany, Parsippany and Troy occupy the sites which have been longest held for the purposes of education, and around each of them cling many associations of " auld lang syne." The building at Whippany is a long two-story frame structure, which has been enlarged by several additions. The upper story WIS formerly used as a masonic lodge, by the organiza- tion which was the parent of the lodge in Morristown. The old altar, and rude engravings of the mystic em- blems emblazoned upon the walls, were objects of mixed curiosity and awe to the youngsters of fifty years ago. The building at Troy was erected in 1807, and thoroughly repaired about 1846. It is two stories in height, and has two assembly rooms, the lower one now used for the public school, and the upper one occupied by the select school of B. S. Condit. The building at Parsippany, which stands on a commanding eminence at the western extremity of the village, is of wood, two stories in height. It was built in 1871, upon the site previously occupied by the old brick academy, which was burned about the year 1859. The destruction of this substantial edifice caused quite a commotion in the community. The mastership was at that time held by a man from Connecticut by the name of Pease, who afterward became a somewhat prominent ■bost-bellum politician at the south, and was appointed to fill an unexpired term in the United States Senate. The fire was discovered about midnight, and upon the arrival of those first on the ground had made such progress that entry into the building was found to be impossible. The discovery in the morning that certain personal property of the teacher was lying secreted in a neighboring fence led to the suspicion that the building had been purposely fired by the master; a suspicion strengthened by the fact that a long standing contention existed as to the right to hold the premises as public school property. Upon Mr. Pease's appointment to the United States Senate the op- position papers seized upon the now almost forgotten im- putation, and it became a subject of extended newspaper comment throughout the land, and Mr. Pease was com- pelled to leave his lofty place at Washington, and apply to his obscure quondam employers for a vindication of his character. In this he succeeded so well as to secure a strong vindication from several who at the time of the burning showered denunciations upon his hfead. Whether this was the result of excessive powers of persuasion ac- quired in the exalted body of which he was a member, or of afterthought on the part of. the vindicators, will perhaps never transpire; but it will be a subject of regret with the older citizens of the place that the old substan- tial structure has disappeared from the site it so long occupied. The buildings of the other districts in the township are of comparatively recent date, and in general poorly lo- cated. Charitable Institutions. Close upon the hill country in the western part of this township, on the part known as Morris Plains, is situated one of the noblest structures of the age, the Insane Asy- lum. The committee appointed by the State authorities, after thoroughly canvassing the matter, selected this locality as the best suited for the purpose in view. The loveliness of the surrounding landscape, the purity of the atmosphere, the mildness of the climate and excellence of the water furnished by the 31 228 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. numerous springs in the vicinity, irresistibly rec- ommended this point to their favorable consideration, and finally decided their choice. A full statement of the cost of the building and of the later management of this great charity maybe found in the annual reports to the Legislature. It is a source of extreme gratification to the people of the township of Hanover that a portion of its territory should have been considered the best suited for so noble an object, and they derive great pleas- ure from the universal admiration bestowed upon the scenery in the midst of which it is placed. The buildings erected for the county poor-house stand upon a farm purchased for the purpose near old Boonton, in the northern part of the township. The principal building, which surrounds a quadrangular court, has been from time to time enlarged until it has attained its pres- ent extent. The farm is extremely fertile, contains 240 acres, and is so managed as to bring in no small part of the supplies needed for the maintenance of the unfortun- ates who seek its favors. The establishment is under the supervision of a steward appointed by the board of chosen freeholders, to whom reports are annually made. The number of inmates is from 100 to iso. The Fairchild Family. Dr. Stephen Fairchild, youngest son of Jonathan Fair- child and Sarah Howell, was born in Littleton, Morris township, N. J., October 28th 1792. At an early age he showed a decided thirst for knowledge, and after a com- mon school education prepared himself for the study of medicine. He studied with DrS. Ebenezer and Charles E. Pierson, of Morristown, and attended medical lectures in Philadelphia. He practiced medicine about a year in New York; then, upon urgent solicitation, he came to Parsippany in 1816, to succeed Dr. Hart well, who had lately been removed by death. In 1818 he married Euphemia M.; daughter of George D. Brinckerhoff and Euphemia Ashfield. Dr. Fairchild followed his profession with high appro- bation and success for.fifty-six years. His last sickness was one of intense suffering, but his faith never wavered. He died surrounded by his family, July 13th 1872, and was buried at Parsippany. Dr. Fairchild was not merely a skillful physician, but an earnest and devout Christian; bringing not only healing remedies but the consolation of the gospel to the chambers of the sick and dying. Very few physicians were ever more honored and loved than Dr. Stephen Fairchild. Dr. Richard Van Wyck Fairchild, only son of Dr. Stephen Fairchild and Euphemia M. Brinckerhoff, was born February 22nd 1819. He was prepared for college at the classical school of Ezra Fairchild, at Mendham, N. J., entered the junior class at Princeton College, N. J., in 1837, and graduated in 1839. He studied med- icine with his father, and subsequently with Dr. McCIel- lan, of Philadelphia, and Dr. Mott, of New York. Dr. Fairchild entered upon his practice with his father in 1843. He had unquestioned skill as a physician and surgeon. As a friend he was true and steadfast, and generous and kind to the poor. At Princeton he was the college wit, and through life his keen sense of the ludicrous, his abounding humor and powers of imitation and representation, together with his wide and varied in- formation, made him a most agreeable companion. He was a man of fine physique, a very able writer, of a poetic mind; nor was he deficient in music, having a well cul- tivated voice and ear. In November 1852 Dr. Fairchild married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Howell, of Troy, N. J., who lived but a few years. June 13th 1866 he married Ruth E., daughter of James H. Tichenor and LydiaT. Nuttmann, of Newark, N. J. He died suddenly February 24th 1874, and was buried with his maternal grandparents and his father in the burial ground at Parsippany, N. J. Dr. Fairchild survived his father scarcely two years; they were loving in their lives and in death not long divided. Mrs. Ephemia M. Fairchild, daughter of George D. Brinckerhoff and Euphemia Ashfield, was born at Mount Hope, N. J., in September 1796. Her father, George D. Brinckerhoff, retiring from business, purchased a resi- dence in Parsippany, N. J., to which he moved his family in 1797. It had been a tavern in the Revolutionary times. The old homestead, the birthplace of Dr. Richard V. W. Fairchild, was burned in November 1874, but another house was built in the spring of 1875 by Mrs. R. V. W. Fairchild, on the old site, where Mrs. Euphemia Fairchild is passing her remaining days. Mrs. Fairchild is a lady of the old school, amiable, educated, refined and a Christian. -€- ■■jL(J^yI^_,c^/-'T^ (J'C'--''-''^-''''^-^'^'^ :e-ii'ibylLbm>J:i>lSt.n3,iyB,;'cLv_i Si WT. S. U/. ^'c OU-C^ c-^^oC JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. By Ret. B. C. Meqie, D. D. HIS township is situated in the northwestern corner of Morris county and contains 25,000 acres. It is bounded on the northwest by Sussex county and Lake Hopatcong, on the northeast by Passaic county, on the south- east by Rockaway, and on the southwest by Rox- bury township. In shape ii is nearly a parallelo- gram, about twelve miles long and of an average width of four miles. The census returns of population for this township from the first have been as follows: 1810, 1,281; 1820, 1,231; 1830, t,ssi; 1840, 1,410; 1850, 1,358; i860, 1,471; 1870, 1,430; 1875, 1,740; 1880, 1,792. The statistics of valuation, taxes, etc., for 1881 were as follows: Acres, 24,647; valuation of real estate, $475,175; personal property, $152,525; total taxable property, $596,- 100; debt, $31,600; polls, 406; State school tax, $1,517.43; county tax, $1,416.56; road tax, $1,200. The surface of the township is broken and rugged, and the scenery is, in many places, wild and almost grand; in all beautiful and picturesque. The Rockaway River runs through almost the whole length of the town- ship between two ranges of hills, whose height varies from 400 to 600 feet above the river bed. The valley thus formed, which is very narrow, rarely exceeding a mile in width, contains most of the arable land in the territory. The evidence of the action of a large body of water or ice upon the sides of this mountain is evident to an ordi- nary observer, in the rounded appearance of detached stones of all sizes that abound along the entire course of the river, as well as in the gap or break in the mountains in the neighborhood of Berkshire Valley, which has the appearance of having been torn out by the force of a vast flood. To a practiced geologist, however, there are many proofs to this end entirely convincing. The fol- lowing account is condensed from the State geological report: Throughout the greater part of the valley is a glacial drift of considerable depth. At Milton wells sunk to the depth of forty feet do not go through it. Between Petersburg and Russia the drift partly covers the slate strata except on low, long outcrops which range with the valley. The flat bordering the river is from twenty to sixty feet lower than the general level of the drift hills and benches. The gravelly terrace formation is half a mile wide on the line of the Sparta turnpike, and the same width is continued southward. Cuttings in the Long- wood road and also at Berkshire Valley disclose strata of land gravel, cobble stones and a few small boulders. The thickness as shown by a well at F. W. Fichter's place is at least sixty feet. " The uniform height of the terrace formation in this long and' narrow valley, rising but forty feet from the terminal moraine at Berkshire to the watershed northeast of Milton, a distance of eleven miles, and then descending thirty feet in four miles to Newfoundland, leads us to infer the existence of a long and comparatively shallow lake, which formed the term- inal moraine, and which was connected with the waters of West Milford and Greenwood Lake basin. The out- let was at first at the southwest, by the Rockaway and through the terminal moraine. The retreat of the glacier northward opened the Pequannock and permitted a part of the waters to escape eastward. The small pond holes and the Little Mooseback Lake are the undrained parts of the old lake." Early Settlers. Ths earliest settler of whom we can obtain any infor- mation was Humphrey Davenport, or Debenport, as the name was then written, who came from Devonshire, Engltind, and purchased land at Newfoundland. His arrival was probably about the year 1720. His son was also named Hnmphrey, and he and his son Captain Cor- nelius Davenport lived on the homestead at Newfound- land. The place still remains in the possession of the family. Captain Cornelius Davenport married Rachel Davenport, a member of another family of the same name. Their children were Captain Enos Davenport, who enlisted in the war of 1812, John C, Nathan, Charles, Cornelius, Phoebe, Julia Anne, Jane, Fanny and Mahala. Enos Davenport married Fanny Keepers, who was a near relative of the famous Captain John Paul Jones, and their family was large; but only two of them now reside in Jef- ferson township, namely: Charles, who married Affie Spencer, and Jane, who married William Winterbottom. 230 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. John C. Davenport married Delilah Turner, and their two daughters — Mary Ann, who married Mahlon Jen- nings, and Lavinia, who married Thomas K. Norman — both reside in the township. We have no definite information of any other settle- ments after the Davenports until the time of the Revolu- tion. The tradition is that seven or eight hunters and trappers came to the township between 1775 and 1778 and established themselves there. Whether these tra- ditionary forefathers came together, or at intervals, does not now seem to be very well known. Slack was the name of one, and he owned a farm near Little or Bleach- ley's Pond, now a portion of Lake Hopatcong. It is stated that William Headley was also one of these early settlers, and that he lived on the land where Joseph Headley now resides. He came from .the Wyoming Val- ley, in Pennsylvania, where he was living just previous to the massacre of the whites by the Indians. He was warned by a friendly Indian of the impending disaster, and had just time to escape with his family before the blow descended. He at first settled in the mountains imme- diately north of the township, but ultimately removed to the spot which we have mentioned. The arrival of the Normans was also about this time. Peter Norman was a Hessian, and at the close of the war settled on the mountains behind Milton and Sparta, perhaps in Sussex county. It was not far from this time that Captain Cornelius Davenport built his stone house at Milton, which is one of the oldest houses in the township. It was a custom for these early settlers to meet once a year at the house of one or another of them, to compare notes and relate their adventures. At one time they as- sembled at Slack's house, when the latter is stated to have declared that he was accustomed to eat a piece of the meat of every animal that he shot. Not long before he had killed an otter. He selected the choicest look- ing piece of the meat and had his wife cook it with care, and then proceeded to eat. " There ain't no kind of meat that I can't eat," Mr. Slack concluded, to the amusement of his friends; " but otter meat is just about a leetle the darndest meat I ever put into my mouth." Philemon Dickerson, the brother of Gov. Mahlon Dick- erson, of Mine Hill, was a frequent visitor at these social gatherings and was said to be one of the most successful in the athletic games practiced on such occasions. One exercise was to put the toe through the ring of the old fashioned 56-pound weight and throw it to as great a dis- tance as possible with the foot. Mr. Dickerson could cast it farther than any of the others. On one occasion there was some writing to be done, and Mr. Dickerson called for a pen and ink, which were promptly furnished him. After trying the pen he de- clared it to be the worst one that he had ever seen. " I shouldn't wonder if it was," retorted his host, Captain Davenport, " for it's the same one you left here last year." Among other of the early settlers were the Dows, Stanburroughs, Hulmes, Coopers, Chamberlains and Sewards. The Hurd family originally came from Randolph township, near Dover. Two brothers, Joseph and Daniel Hurd, moved to Hurdtown about the year 1800. Joseph married Miss Long, and their children were David B., James L., Uel, and Mary, who married Charles F. Ran- dolph. David B. married Eliza Condit, of Morristown. Their children were Mary, Edward C, Lewis and Phoebe A. Other children were born to them, but they died young. Mary Hurd married Dr. William B. Lefevre, and their surviving children are Eliza C. (married to Harlan W. Cortright, at Nolan's Point) and William J. Lefevre, an artist of distinction now resident at Dover. Edward C. Hurd married Rebecah Wright, and now resides at Dover. Lewis Hurd resides at Hurdtown, in the house formerly occupied by David B. Hurd. Phoebe A. married William A. Wood (since deceased), and resides at Dover. William Wood, the first of that name in the township, moved to Hurdtown about 1804 or 1805. He married Susannah Berry. Their children were: Freeman, who married Mary B. Jackson, and is now a judge of the court of common pleas for Morris county and resides at Dover; Maria Wood, who married John M. Losey, and Willaim A. Wood, who married Caroline, daughter of James L. Hurd, and after her decease Phcebe A., daugh- ter of David B. Hurd. His daughter by his first wife married Mr. McPherson, a brother of Senator McPherson, and is now resident in Chicago. The children of Freeman Wood were: William F. Wood, who married Miss Frances P. Howe, was a pay- master in the army with the rank and pay of major, and resides in Hartford, Conn.; Susan, who married N. P. Neff, of Cincinnati, O., where they now reside; John F. Wood, who married Irene Bright and resides in Dover; Florence, who married A. C. Smith and resides in Dover, and Clement Wood, M. D., who resides at Haverstraw New York. The children of Maria and J. M. Losey were Edward, deceased; Susan, and Ella, who married R. B. Livermore and resides in New York. Colonel John H Stanburrough came to the township about 1806. He married Miss Lum, a sister of Squier Lum. Their children were: Albert H. Stanburrough, county clerk during two terms, and long prominent in the county in political and business affairs, who now re- sides at Milton, and furnished much valuable information regarding the township; John D. Stanburrough, who also resides at Milton; Nancy Stanburrough, who married Albert R. Riggs, of Succasunna Plains, where they now reside; and Elizabeth, who married Mr. Dalrymple and now lives in Sussex county. None of the other children live in the State at the present time. A Sportsman's Reminiscences. The following anecdotes of old times in Jefferson were furnished to the Iron Era by the late Guy M. Hinch- man, of Dover: " About the years 1818-20 Mr. James L. Hurd, de- ceased, was the proprietor and genial host of a most ex- =^F=^<=^ C. HURD. Hurdtown, N.J- HUNTING SCEN6S IlSf JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 231 cellent public house at Hurdtown, or New Partners, as the place was then sometimes called. At that time a forge, manufacturing bar iron by the blooming process, was in operation.' Water power was supplied from a pond of large dimensions, lying north and east of the turnpike leading to Sparta. This place was the resort of many sportsmen during the hunting season, and many deer were captured in and about said pond. The moun- tainous region lying south and east between Upper and Lower Longwood and Berkshire Valley abounded in game. The method of hunting was to hound the deer with dogs, forcing them to take water in said pond. Their routes or runways were so well known that a greater number were captured on land than of those reaching the pond. A party of eight gentlemen from Newark and Belleville arrived there, intending to have a week's sport. Of the company was a brother of Commodore Stephen Decatur. The writer then resided at Mt. Pleas- ant, and, learning that after several days' hunting the party were unsuccessful, and having the acquaintance of two of the gentlemen, resolved to pay them a visit. Af- ter listening to the whys and wherefores for their ill luck (they asserting that although deer were started every day, none had taken water) the writer ventured to suggest that probably the fault was attributable to their dogs, at which one gentleman became indignant, remarking, 'Sir, are you aware that our hounds are the pick of the Newark pack? No truer or more staunch dogs exist.' 'Granted, sir; but your hounds are of the beagle breed, short in the legs, just the kind for chasing the fox on the marshes and meadows in the vicin- ity of Newark; but permit me. to tell you, sir, here in our mountains deer will, play before your dogs, browse on the way, sir, and get fat. To induce them to take water they must be pursued by fleeter dogs, that push them, which your beagles cannot do. Why, sir, I have a brace of dogs, a cross between the fox hound and stag hound, now only 15 months old, that can put a deer into the pond in 30 minutes from the time he leaves his lair.' Suffice it to say that, after mutual explanations, the writer received an invitation to join the party on the following day, and prove his assertion in regard to his dogs, On parting, I remarked, 'Gentlemen, to-morrow at 6 o'clock A. M. I will cause my dogs to be unleashed in the "Dark Hollow," and it will not be long before you will hear from them; therefore guard well the runways through Gravel Hill field and Laurel Point, for that will probably be the course of the game to the pond.' " At the appointed time next morning I parted com- pany with my driver and dogs at the foot of Seward Mountain, with instructions to the driver to keep the dogs in the leash until he should have fairly penetrated the hollow, fearing they might cross the trail of fox or rabbit and thereby delay the sport. Being mounted on a fleet horse, rifle in hand, I had just reached the summit of the mountain when I heard the sharp, continuous cry of the hounds, leading off in the direction of Lower Longwood. Knowing full well from the eagerness of the dogs that the game would soon be compelled to double and make for water, I gave rein, and made full speed for the north side of the pond, knowing it to be my only chance should the deer escape in running the gauntlet in his course to water. " Having reached my position, I had barely time to dismount and tie m'y horse when the exhilarating cry of the hounds became audible. But a few moments elapsed before a fusilade commenced from those guarding the runways. Half a dozen shots or more in quick succes- sion were hurled at the deer, but he came safely through, dashing fearlessly into the water, dashing the spray ten feet high and making a bee line for the place of my con- cealment. At the proper moment the sharp crack of my rifle reverberated from mountain to mountain, and the noble animal lay lifeless on the water. No boat or other appliance being at hand, having verified my promise, and wishing to perform my part with alacrity, perceiving a gentle wind was wafting the deer farther from shore, with more zeal than discretion I resolved to take to the water. Having divested myself of part of my clothing I heed- lessly plunged in, notwithstanding it was a November morning and the ground was white with frost. I suc- ceeded in swimming to the deer, but was so cold and be- numbed that I was in doubt whether my limbs moved with the effort I made in swimming. Fortunately the deer was in his winter coat, and very buoyant. I imme- diately placed my breast upon his body, which, imparting a genial warmth, alone enabled me to make my way safely back to land. My driver, aware that the reputa- tion of himself and dogs was at stake, was in at the death, highly elated with the success, exclaiming ' Them am the pups that can do it !' Some one remarked, ' My man, can you do it again?' 'Sure I can; I seed three deer get up where I started that one, and them are pups will take the trail sartin.' And, true to his promise, at 11 o'clock A. M. he sent another, a noble doe, nearly over the same route; but it was not as fortunate, and was se- cured by one of the party before reaching the water. The beagle hounds continued their baying in the moun- tains all the morning without any result, which was very annoying to some of the party. " Permit me to describe a curious relic then on exhibi- tion at Mr. Kurd's. A person chopping cordwood felled a tree of about 15 inches diameter, and having severed the first cut of four feet attempted to split it, but found it difficult to accomplish. After repeated blows, it hav- ing yielded for half its length, one more well directed blow of his axe severed the obstruction, and on exposure it proved to be the antler of a deer. How deposited was a mystery, but there it was, surrounded by wood per- fectly sound though a little gnarled and showing a trifling enlargement of the log at that point. The antler, like the wood, was in perfect preservation, as shown by skillfully dissecting the wood at several points. It was certainly very curious and worthy of being preserved. Should time have dealt as kindly with others of that party as with the writer, and this shall meet their gaze, it will be to them a pleasant reminiscence. " The writer is in possession of a fowling piece in a good state of preservation, that did excellent service in those days, although it lay in the bottom of Mt. Pleasant mine, in eighty feet of water, from 1817 to 1828, having been stolen and to avoid detection thrown into the mine. Subsequently, in draining that portion of the mine, it was recovered. " At the time of which I write many interesting scenes transpired on Lake Hopatcong. Many deer were driven into the lake by hounds and captured. None but those who have witnessed it can conceive the power of those little animals in the water. I have seen them almost walk upon it. In being approached by a boat the method of capture was to row up to them, seize them by the hind leg — no other hold could be retained for an instant — and dispatch them; they were never shot unless they were about to escape. Although by their capture was gained the huntsman's ardent wish, yet I was always moved to pity, and half inclined to doubt man's right to slay so innocent a creature of God's creation. The severe winter of 1835 and 1836 exterminated them in this region. Many starved, not being able to obtain food in conse- quence of the great depth of snow; more were wantonly slaughtered that were emaciated and worthless. One man near Sparta killed fourteen that came to his premises 232 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. seeking food. I cannot learn that they have ever located this side of the Delaware since. " I have in my possession a magnificent pair of antlers, once worn by a buck that in the hard winter of 1836, when the deer of this region were forced to go to the doors of people for food, strayed into the barnyard of a Warren county farmer, who branded his ears with the mark he applied to his cattle, fed him, and let him go. Twenty years later I was at Milford, Pa., and at the hotel where I was stopping came a boy, from a Delaware river raft, bearing with him the head of a deer that had just been killed. Attracted by the size of the horns, I pur- chased the head, and found it to be that of the deer that had been branded by the Warren county farmer." The following incident is from Mr. Hinchman's auto- biography, elsewhere quoted: " At the time when I resided with my uncle on the Plains and while living at Mount Pleasant deer and small game were very abundant in this region, particu- larly on the Sussex county side of Lake Hopatcong, that part of Succasunna Plains called the Shrub Oaks, about the duck pond on the 'Big Meadows,' in Mount Hope woods, and at Hurdtown. The method of hunting deer was to drive them with hounds into the lake and at Hurdtown into the forge pond, on the Plains and on the Big Meadow over runways. It did not- involve the loss of much time from business in those days — a day in the chase, and for small game a couple of hours sufficed to bag a half dozen partridges. While residing at Mount Pleasant I kept two splendid hounds, and a couple of hours were sufficient to have a chase on the meadows. A young man living at Berkshire Valley came desiring me to accompany him to the meadows, as he had seen deer that day. Accordingly I went with him and placed him on a stand where it was almost certain the deer would run. I proceeded to put the hounds on the scent; they at once put up the deer, and away they went for the stand occupied by the young man. In due time I heard the report of his gun. I was making my way through the thick cover, bordering a main ditch through the meadow, which carried the Denmark and Middle forge stream through it — being twelve to fifteen feet in width, and where the water was in places three or four feet deep — when I discovered that the hounds were approaching me and the young man in close pursuit, and I spied the deer coming up the stream swiram.ing, occasionally touch- ing bottom and bounding in tremendous leaps. The cry of the dogs in his rear and I confronting him so frightened the timid creature that he came to a stand and endeav- ored to hide in a bush of alders, that overhung the ditch. To make sure of the game I raised my rifle, when the young man exclaimed, 'Do not shoot! he is mortally wounded already by my shot.' Of course I desisted, and together we reached him, and pulled the timid, frightened creature out; when it was found he was un- touched — he had yielded from fright alone." Miscellaneous. William H. Seward, President Lincoln's Secretary of State, was born at Newfoundland, although not on the Jefferson township side of the line, and lived in the neighborhood until he was a young man, when he re- moved to Orange county. New York. He was a school- mate of Rev. Gabriel Van Duser. There is an old graveyard in Berkshire Valley, not far from Charles Davenport's store. But few graves are found here, however, and these are marked by common field stones without inscription. Among the names of Revolutionary soldiers living in this township are Joshua Phillips and Swaim Parcels. Captain Cornelius Davenport was also a soldier in the war for independence, and his son Enos was a captain in the war of 1812. The sword of the former, after peace was declared and most swords had been beaten into plowshares, was not treated in that way exactly, but it actually was used as a hay-cutter. There was formerly an Indian encampment about a mile northeast of Milton. A great many arrow heads, axes and other relics have been found there. About the year 1800 there was a tremendous freshet in the Longwood Valley, which did much damage to prop- erty and among other things carried away the Upper Longwood forge. Mrs. Rose was at that time living with her family at the house of John De Camp, near where Frederick Fichter now lives, and she was the first in that neighborhood to see the coming flood. She endeavored to cross the bridge over the Rockaway, to warn others of the impending disaster, just at the time the water reached it. She barely succeeded in crossing, and as she placed her foot on the opposite shore the bridge parted from its piers and went whirling down the valley. About Lake Hopatcong. The following regarding Lake Hopatcong is taken from a manuscript history of the lake by S. C. Shafer, who re- serves the right to reprint and copyright the same: " Lake Hopatcong is situated in the Hopatcong Moun- tain range between Sussex and Morris counties. The surface of the lake is 920 feet above Newark Bay, and 720 feet above the Delaware at Easton. Various inter- pretations are given to the name of the lake. Some say it means a place of very deep water, others that it means stone water, but I am inclined to believe its true meaning to \it pipe water. The Indians frequently used the word in a symbolic sense to express crookedness, in reference to the form of a lake or river shore. The word was probably so used here and at Hoboken, opposite New York, prior to its settlement by the Europeans. Hopocong was the name of an Indian chief belonging to the Lenni Lenape confederacy at the time of the Amer- ican Revolution. His name translated into English sig- nified pipe, and he was known to the Americans as Cap- tain Pipe. He did all in his power to induce his country- men to decide for the American cause. He failed in his efforts, however, for White Eyes, the rival chieftain, pre- vailed in council and they joined the English. " The account in the New Jersey Historical Col- lections (edition of 1852, p. 401) of an Indian wharf or, causeway between Bertrand's Island and the Sussex shore is probably a mistake. I have examined the locality carefully when the water has been at the lowest point, and have not found the slightest trace of any such work or the least appearance of there ever having been any. But on the opposite shore there was an -Indian set- tlement of some pretensions, judging from the great number of arrow heads, broken jars and bowls of beauti- ful shapes that have been collected here by the curious in such matters. " The Indians who lived about the lake were the Nariticongs, a branch of the Wabingas, a tribe of the Lenni Lenapes. Their principal village was lo- cated near and around Halsey Island, and on LAKE HOPATCONG. 233 land (now covered with water) between that island and Hurdtown. In the latter district they had their cornfields. This village contained probably more than fifty lodges, and thirty years ago the location of every one of them was distinctly fixed by a circle of stones several feet in diameter, strongly marked by fire. In the searches made for relics these stones have been displaced, and would no longer fix the site of the lodges. I have in my posses- sion a number of stone implements, such as axe^, arrow- heads, pestles, hoes, tomahawks, needles and other articles, of some of which it is impossible to tell to what use they were applied. Many of these articles are in a very perfect condition, and betray evidence of much skill in the workmanship which gave them their perfec- tion of form and polish. Besides these, I have at various times picked up pieces of pottery (of undoubted Indian workmanship) whose outline is so true that they were in all probability formed on a wheel. "There were a few other lodges on the beach in front of Mr. Hedenberg's cottage and on Tempe's Point. The Nariticongs dwelling in the vicinity of the lake num- bered in the time of the nation's prosperity between two and three hundred persons. " The following is a list of settlers living on the lake prior to and about the year 1800: Turner and Bellerford, on Nolan's Point, 100 years ago; Peter Marcelle, on Hal- sey Island; Mott Van Dyne, on the farm known as the Williams property; one Bishop, on or near Bishop's Rock; George Shongon, on Elba Point; Jones, on what is now known as Bertrand's Island; Israel Youngs, on the Jayne place; Obadiah Seward, the proprietor of the once fa- ous Seward tavern; Abraham Seward, near the lake on a spot now known as the Morse place — -the house is en- tirely removed; one Trainor, one hundred yards south; Raymond, east of Callahan's, near the line of the Ogden Railroad; William Games, on the place now known as the Luke property; Joshua Thompson, near the residence of Ephraim Long; Samuel Burrill, half a mile southeast of the Lake View House; one Jameson, near Woodport, 100 years ago; LafHes, on Laffles's Island — there was a bridge across the stream at this place; Joseph Hurd, of Hurdtown, the owner of a tract of land on which is the Hurd mine. " The building of the Morris Canal rendered a lock at the lower end of the lake necessary. In removing the earth the workmen discovered the skeleton of an Indian, the arm bone of which from the wrist to the elbow was eighteen inches, and from the elbow to the shoulder the same. The remaining parts of the skeleton were of the same proportions. These bones would imply a height of nearly eight feet to this man of the forest. "Between 40 and 50 years ago an Indian with his squaw came from Phillipsburg to visit the former home of his ancestors at the lake, and was so delighted with the situation that he determined to remain. He built a wigwam near the residence of Mr. Van Every, and spent the summer in fishing and making baskets. It is said that he was not treated very well by the old settlers, and finally went away with his houshold gods to find a more congenial dwelling place. " There is a tradition that when the whites first settled on or near the lake shore there lived in the lake a singu- lar animal, which was occasionally seen on land. But the settlers could never get near enough to it to form a very satisfactory idea of its appearance. It was said to have a head somewhat like a horse's. It was was prob- ably a deer that swani the lake to escape from the wolves; although it might have been some large animal that had strayed from its native place and lived about the lake, or perhaps the last of its race. Horace Cook found at low water some very singular teeth, which are in his pos- session at the present time. They are three inches long? curved and fluted, and rather flat than otherwise. I have one, found in the same locality, which would have been when entire four inches long. "Mr. Van Guilder iniormed me that when he and his sons were drawing out muck upon the upland from a small hollow or depression, not over 50 feet in diameter, they threw out, as they supposed at the time, a large crooked root. Their dog, which was with them, seized it and ran away with it in the bushes. One of the sons, wondering what peculiarity in the root attracted the dog's interest, went in pursuit, and he found it to be the rib bone of some huge animal. They worked with care and succeeded in exhuming five entire skeletons of the mam- moth, except the toe bones. Three of the skeletons were those of full grown animals, and two those of calves, in a good state of preservation. They were ex- hibited at Morristovvn and Newark, and afterward sold to a museum. " Brant, the Mohawk chief, occasionally paid this place a visit prior to the commencement of hostilities in the American Revolution. He succeeded in his design of seducing the Nariticongs to the British interest and led them in his battle with the inhabitants of Minisink, on the 20th of July 1779. His forces consisted of the In- dians and royalists disguised as Indians. Bonnel Moody was with him on two or three occasions, and remained hidden under a rock near Bonaparte's landing, in the neighborhood of Bishop's Rock, until sunset, when Brant crossed from the Indian village near Halsey Island and rejoined him. They were furnished with canoes, and they paddled to Byram's Cove, at the northwest side of the lake, to the cliff of rocks that have the appearance of rude steps and have since been known as the Devil's Stairs. They traveled westward, and near Andover, in Sussex county, they separated. Brant going to the Dela- ware Water Gap, and Moody to his den near Newton, called the Big Muckshaw, a'wild and dreary i)lace, where he could see all that was going on for miles around and still be secure from all attacks. He and his band of desperadoes kept the country in a state of perpetual alarm by their bold and daring acts, until a few men de- termined to take Moody at all hazards. They hunted him and his band so keenly that he fled to Goshen, in the State of New York. They pursued him and recov- ered some silver plate that he had stolen from Mr. Ogden of Sparta. There is a tradition that he and his comrades were taken in attempting to cross the Hudson to reach the city of New York, and that they were brought to Morristown and tried as traitors and spies, condemned as such and hanged, to the joy of all the sons of liberty. " Jayne's Cove, in the upper part of the lake, takes its name from the Jayne family, one of whom was the cele- brated Dr. David Jayne, of Philadelphia, concoctor of the patent medicines that go by his name, and who lived here when a boy. "Van Dyne's landing is in this neighborhood. It is an ore dock, whence thousands of tons of iron and zinc ore have been shipped to Newark and other places. " One of the tributaries of the lake rises at the north- east of Hurdtown. Two miles beyond Hurdtown, in a very retired place, are the remains of a beaver dam, which can still be seen,. although the dam is probably a hundred and twenty-five years old. At the lower end of the lake, near Shippenport, there is a somewhat singular small island, called Floating Island. The water of the lake rises and falls considerably at different seasons of the year, but this island always remains just about a foot above the water. There are trees on it of considerable size. Among the plants which grow on it is the ' side saddle.' It is evergreen, and flowers in June. The 2,34 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. flower is purple. In shape it is somewhat like a pitcher, and it has the capacity of a wine glass. The flowers are generally full of water, and a great number of drowned insects are often found in them. The stem is about fourteen inches in height. " The common blue crane makes his home in different portions of the lake, and the blue heron also makes oc- casional visits, as well as the great egret heron. In the summer of 1873 four of these latter birds were shot in one day. The following is an Indian legend concerning the re- gion of the river Styx, as it is called, nearly opposite the I>ake View House: Quaquahela, a great sachem who lived many years ago, was employed to carry a message to a distant ally. He expected to be absent thir- teen moons. He started on his mission at sundown, crossed in his canoe to Elba Point, and following the shore a considerable distance glided over to a point of land now known as Lemmedue Meadow; drew up his canoe and started for the lodge of his friend Comascoman, who resided on the banks of the Musconetcong, and was to accompany him in the mission. He had gone but a short distance before he was attacked by a bear. He en- deavored to escape to his canoe, but in vain. Brought to bay a terrible conflict ensued between the man and the bear, in which the former was victorious, but at a ruinous cost to the victor, as might be judged from the fact that the club, the totem, and all the hunting gear of the chief were found a few days afterward beside the dead body of a bear. The members of his tribe looked for him a long titne, and called him by name, but received only their own words by way of answer. They returned home, and the next morning on the -side of a neighbor- ing hill they saw a smoke ascending to the clouds, and wondered at the strange appearance. One of the young men was informed in a dream that Quaquahela had erected his spirit lodge there, and would remain as long as the hill stood, liecause he had killed the bear, that animal being his totem; but that he would accompany them in all of their expeditions, and when they retired to their wigwams he would go to his. The smoke ascend- ing to the tree tops, and the answer 'Quaquahela' when they called his name, would be the tokens of his pres- ence; and to this day the smoke or thin vapor rises in curling wreaths over the spot, and if one calls the name of the ancient sachem he will answer to let you know that he is still there. The Indians called the hill Qua- quahela Lodge." Iron-Working and Dependent Enterprises. There were at one time eight forges in the township. They were all built,according to the best information which we can obtain, within a period of twenty years before and after 1800 (1790-1810). The only positive date which we have is that of the building of the Swedeland forge, at Milton, in 1797. This forge was erected by Captain Cornelius Davenport and John Dow, and was worked by them for a long time. The Russia forge was owned and probably built by Thomas Keepers, the father-in-law of Enos Davenport. The " Hard-Bargain forge," beyond Petersburg, on a stream running from the Little Mooseback Pond, was built by Captain Cornelius Davenport. This forge is abandoned, and the land about it is now owned by Stephen Strait. The Woodstock forge was built, or at least conducted a long time ago, by James L. Dickerson and Stephen Adams. This forge is in little better condition than the preceding, and the land about it is occupied by Zophar Talmadge. Below the Hard-Bargain forge is the Upper Longvvood forge. It was built by John De Camp. The freshet of 1800 swept the first building away, and Mr. De Camp afterward quarried a site out of the slate rock, and built a second one, at a cost of several thousand dollars. We gather from the foregoing statement that this was proba- bly the oldest forge in the township, with the possible exception of the Lower Longwood. This was butlt or carried on by Mr. Tuthill, in connection with Joseph Hufi^. It afterward went into the hands of John P. Losey, and thence into those of Blackwell and McFar- lan, and it is now the property of John Hance. The forge at Weldon was built by Major Moses Hopping. The forge at Hurdtown was called the New Partners, and was built in 1804 or 1805, by Joseph and Daniel Hurd. In addition to the men already named, who were prominent in the early development of the iron industry, there were John O. Ford, Joseph and Stephen Dicker- son, William and Samuel Headley, Stephen Adams, Joseph and David B. Hurd and Colonel John H. Stanburrough. Commencing at Berkshire, in the valley of the Rocka- way, throughout the greater part of the township there is presented an appearance altogether singular in this ■ thriving county of Morris. At various points along the road leading from Berkshire to Milton decayed and empty houses rapidly falling to ruin are visible. In some cases these houses still might easily be made habitable, in others the foundations are scarcely visible. Elsewhere in the township similar evidences of decay may be dis- covered, but the appearance is most marked and striking in the Longwood Valley. These houses were formerly the habitations of men connected with the work of the forges. The forests which covered nearly all sections of the township afforded an easy and ample supply of char- coal, the burning of which gave occupation to a consid- erable number of men. Before the building of the two main roads which traverse the township longitudinally (the Union turnpike and the Longwood road) all carry- ing was done on horseback. These roads were in their day works of public utility scarcely less important than the railroads of the present time. The Union turnpike, running through Dover, Mount Pleasant, Berkshire' Hurdtown, Woodport, and so on through Sussex county, was built about the year 1805, the charter having been obtained in 1804. John P. Losey was one of the persons engaged in the enterprise, and was an active and ener- getic business man. The Sussex farmers did not fully appreciate the advantages to accrue from an avenue of cornmerce which formed their first means of communi- cation with the outside world. Much to Mr. Losey's dis- gust they insisted upon charging an extravagant price for the right of way over their lands, a practice which drew from him the energetic remark, "D — n 'em, they ought never to be dug out." THE IRON AGE IN JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 235 Unfortunately we can have no positive information of the population of Jefferson before 1810, since its organ- ization occurred between that year and the last preceding census. In 1810, however, the population amounted to 1,281 persons. From 1804 to 1816 affairs in the town- ship were very prosperous. What with the embargo and the interference with commerce occasioned by the Euro- pean wars the price of iron was very high. It is stated that iron brought as much as $150 a ton in 1814. The producing capacity of the forges was not great at that time. Most of them had two fires, but one or two had only one. At one fire could be manufactured on an av- erage one ton a week, and this seems to be regarded by those who were familiar with the business as the max- imum. There were eight forges, and allowing for all two fires 1,600 tons would have been the annual iron product of the township. If the price of $150 a ton was ever reached it is not likely that it remained at that point for any great length of time. If it be called $100 per ton there would have resulted the very large income of $160,000 for the year, or an average of about $125 for each man, woman and child, from this one source. This was a period of great prosperity. The iron- masters were rapidly growing rich. They built for them- selves what at that time were considered handsome res- idences, and kept fine horses and carriages. This valley — not confined entirely to the township — is said, to have been the center of the iron interest of the country at that day. Moses Hopping, at the Russia forge, was famous for his handicraft. He made the best iron in the country, and drew it out himself into plowshares, mouldboards and harrow teeth, and sent them to Rahway, Paterson, Elizabethtown and other places for general sale. In 1816, however, the termination of the war opened the ports to foreign commerce, and the markets were al- most immediately flooded with English iron. The price fell at once, and nearly all of those engaged in the bus- iness in Jefferson township succumbed to the pressure. This state of things seemed to have put a stop to all growth and between 1810 and 1820 the population de- creased from 1,281 to 1,231. The persons engaged in the industry, however, recov- ered themselves before a long time and business again became active. Between 1820 and 1830 churches were built at Milton, Hurdtown and Berkshire. Enos Daven- port in this period had established a post-office at Milton and Joseph Dickerson one. at Berkshire. One of the most prominent and perhaps the wealthiest of the early ironmasters was John De Camp. After the failure of 1816 he obtained an appointment in the custom- house in New York, where he continued until his death. He became a man of much distinction. About 1837 the hot blast, as it was called, began to be introduced. Judge Freeman Wood, now of Dover, was at that time in charge of the iron works at Rockaway. He was the person chiefly engaged in the manufacture of the pipes used for this purpose, and for a considerable period he was overcrowded with work, running night and day to fill the orders for the hot blast pipes. After this new method was introduced it was found that it effected a saving on charcoal of about one-half; twice as much iron could be manufactured from the same amount of fuel as before. When iron began to be manufactured by means of stone coal the forges gradually ceased opera- tions. There was a fitful revival of the industry during the Rebellion, but at the present time there is no forge work carried on in the township. Three of the forges, those at Swedeland, Petersburg and Lower Longwood, are still in some state of repair, but the others are ruins. The one at Hurdtown is so completely gone that even the foundation and the dam have disappeared. Between 1820 and 1830 the population had been in- creased by 320 persons, making the number of inhabit- ants 1,551, a point which was not again reached until 1880. Perhaps this was in reality the most prosperous period of the township. Berkshire is said to have been the center of trade and the iron interest. In 1830 much more business was done there than in Dover. It is stated that when the Rev. Peter Kanouse preached at the former place the church was frequently so crowded that all per- sons who desired could not obtain seats, and that people stood at the doors and windows to hear the sermon. Hurdtown was also at this time and before a lively place, and a considerable population was gathered about it. A Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1828, the land for which was given by David B. Hurd; and among the preachers who held service there were such men as Rev. Caleb Lippencott, Rev. Dr. Bartine, Rev. Manning Force and Rev. C. S. Coit. John Seward kept the Seward tavern, and it became a center for trainings and other celebrations. Horse races were not infrequent, and it was the court-house for all the neighborhood, where what were called two-shilling law- suits were tried. Polydore Seward, brother of Secretary Seward, was a frequent visitor. John Seward himself kept a slave. James L. Hurd had two. These slaves are the only ones, so far as we have learned, that were ever in the township, and they were afterward eman- cipated. Joseph Hurd and after hira David B. Hurd had a large distillery, as did also John Seward. The buildings of both have rotted down and disappeared. The tavern is now a dwelling house and is owned by the estate of Aaron Peck. There were also a store and saw-mill. Milton was a place of much trade at this time, but perhaps with the exception of the forges there is more business transacted now than formerly. It was many years after this before the forges generally ceased working, but the following instance is an example of their fate when the use of stone coal forced them to discontinue. The flume of the old forge at Wcldon was made of the trunk of an immense tree, and carried the water faithfully for many years. It gradually became rotten, and at last fell down one day when the forge was in operation. The work stopped and was never resumed. Probably the earliest and most valuable of the mines 32 236 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. in the township is the Hurd mine in Hurdtown, the ore of which is very similar to that of the Governor Dicker- son mine. It was opened about 1804 or 1805, when the Union turnpike was built. The original proprietor was Joseph Hurd, who worked it himself until his death, in 1818, and then it went into the hands of his son David B. Hurd, who had charge of it until about 18,47, the time of his death. His executor, Dr. William B. Lefevre, leased it with the consent of the heirs to the Glendon Iron Com- pany, who now have control of it. There have been three leases to this company, the last being made in 1877. The royalty named in this lease is one dollar per ton, with the condition of mining not less than 20,000 tons annually. The present owners of the mme are Mrs, Phoebe A. Wood, Edward C. Hurd and William J. Lefevre, of Dover; Mrs. H. W. Cortright, of Nolan's Point, and Lewis Hurd, of Hurdtown. Thomas Bright, now residing at Woodport, has been the efficient super- intendent of the mine works for many years. The following is a list of the mines of the township, taken from the State Geological Report for 1880: Ford, Dodge, Upper and Lower Weldon, Hurd, Hurdtown, Appetite, Nolan's, Davenport, Scofield, Frazer, Duffee, Shongum, Goble and Boss. Most of these fourteen mines produce abundance of ore of a good quality. The Ogden Mine Railroad has done much to facilitate the transportation of the ore, but the expense must still be considerable. As most if not all of the ore is carried over that road it would be fair to assume that the pro- duction of the township for 1880 was the same as the ore tonnage of that road, mentioned below. The Ogden Mine Railroad was put in operation about the year 1865. It is ten miles long and is used almost entirely for the purpose of carrying ore from the mines in Jefferson township to Nolan's Point, on Lake Hopat- cong, whence it is shipped by canal boats to various points on the Morris Canal. A steamboat belonging to the company tows boats from Nolan's Point to the lock of the canal at Shippenport. The ore stations of the road are at the Hurd, Upper Weldon, Lower Weldon, Dodge, Ford and Scofield mines, and Ogden Station, where the the principal mines are the Davenport, Old Ogden, Rob- ert shaft and Pardee shaft. The ore tonnage of the road averages from 50,000 tons to 60,000 tons yearly. In the year 1880 the ore shipments were exceptionally large, and amounted to 108,000 tons. There are some repair and car shops and other necessary outbuildings belonging' to the railway company at Nolan's Point, and about twelve houses built by the company for the use of employes, besides a few other dwellings. Harlan W. Cortright has been superintendent of the road from its commencement, and is much esteemed for the ability and care with which hs has discharged his duties in this office. In November 1881 it was announced through the press that the Ogden Mine Railroad had been leased to the managers of the Central. Railroad of New Jersey for 999 years, and was to be connected with the High Bridge branch ot the Central; the rental to be equal to 6 per cent, on the capital stock of the leased line. Stores and Hotels. Between 1800 and 1810 stores were established at Mil- ton, Hurdtown and Berkshire. Captain Cornelius Dav. enport first kept the store at Milton, and after him his son Enos. During the time that Enos kept it Dr. David Jayne bought his "runaway suit" of him, but neglected to pay for it. Forty years afterward he sent Mr. Daven- port a check for principal and interest, at that time amounting to quite a sum, the original debt being $40. There are now three stores at Milton, the oldest being occupied by Simon Misel and Henry Misel, his son; it has been established since 1850. The second is kept by Edward N. Norman, and was established in 1870. Jetur R. Riggs has also a store. Joseph Hurd established the first store at Hurdtown, about 1806, and it was continued in various hands with- some interruptions until 1872, when it was removed to Woodport. The last owners at Hurdtown were Richard Simpson & Co. Joseph Dickerson had a store at Berkshire perhaps as early as 1810, and did a large business. He dealt largely in iron and shipped it by wagons to Elizabethtown. Charles F. Davenport has had a store for several years at Berkshire Valley, but not in the same locality as Mr. Dickerson's, which was in the neighborhood of the hotel. The store at Newfoundland is an old establishment and is under the control of John P. Brown. William A. Wood established the first store at Wood- port, in 1831, and kept it until his death. In 1872 Clark D. Simpson & Co. moved into their handsome new building immediately across the stream from the old store. One of the earliest hotels was that established soon after the opening of the Union turnpike at Hurdtown, and probably first kept by Colonel John Seward, and afterward by his son John Seward. The building was ultimately burned down, and another built upon the same spot. Peter P. Brown first kept the hotel at Newfoundland, and it afterward came into the hands of his son John P. Brown, under whose management it has become famous as a summer resort. It is excellently kept. William Wood went to Woodport shortly after the opening of the turnpike, to take charge of the tollgate at that place, and afterward built the hotel now standing. It is at present under the management of Thomas Bright. Its situation on Lake Hopatcong renders it an attractive place for boarders. Mr. Bright also owns the hotel at Berkshire. This was originally a frame building and was put up by Joseph Dickerson. The frame building was burned down and the present stone structure was erected in its place. Captain Cornelius Davenport kept a tavern in the old stone house at Milton. This hotel was perhaps even earlier than that at Hurdtown. The present hotel at Milton has been kept by John K. Norman for about nine years past. Captain Davenport also built the first grist-mill in the township, as long ago as 1800, at Milton. There is also CHURCHES, PHYSICIANS AND SCHOOLS IN JEFFERSON. 237 a grist-mill at Petersburg, which has been standing many years. There are several saw-mills and three distilleries in the township besides those already mentioned, which have fallen into disuse. Churches. We are informed that the date of the building of the church at Berkshire is the year 1820. It is a Presby- terian church and its first pastor was the Rev. Mr. Slater. Others were the Rev. Mr. Kanouse, Rev. E. A. Osborn, Rev. B. C. Megie, D. D., Rev. J. Kirby Davis, Rev. Josiah Fisher, Rev. Thomas Tyack and Rev. Pearce Rodgers. The second building of the Methodist Episcopal church at Hurdtown was erected in 187c. The Method- ist Episcopal church at Nolan's Point was built in the same year. The foundation of the latter church, how- ever, was laid some time previously, in order to comply with the provisions of the will of the late John Cornine, who left a sum of money to assist in the erection of a house of worship, on the condition that it should be be- gun within three years after his death. The building cost about two thousand dollars. The Rev. Mr. Tamblyn is pastor of both these last named churches, as well as of the community at the Dodge mine. There are two churches at Milton. One is a Baptist church and was built in 1824. The Baptists were at that time the most numerous denomination in the vicinity, but the church was built by a subscription of all denominations. It is stated that the general understanding was that the church should be free to the various denominations that were represented on the subscription list. The land, however, was conveyed to the trustees of the Baptist church, and the building consequently belonged to them. After a time those in possession objected to its use by other de- nominations. Out of this unpleasant state of affairs William Headley found a way by the simple expedient of breaking open the door. This it is said was done on several occasions, when some other than a Baptist min- ister desired to preach. The first settled pastor was Rev. Gabriel Van Duser. He was also a school teacher, and preached at Milton for many years, and continued to conduct the services until about 1850. He married Mr. Headley's daughter and passed the latter part of his life as a farmer in the neighborhood of Milton, where he died. In 1878 a new house of worship was built on the old grounds, under the ministration of Rev. Conrad Vree- land. A Methodist church is now in procees of erection at Milton by the society to which the Rev. Mr. Rider preaches. Doctors. The first physician of whom we cnn obtain any men- tion was a certain Dr. Spellman, who resided in tJie neighborhood of Milton about the commencement of the present century. He was followed by Dr. G. I. De Camp, who afterward removed to Washington, D. C, and ob- tained much distinction in his profession. Dr. De Camp's son entered the U. S. navy, and gained the rank of cap- tain. Dr. Jacob D. Roe succeeded Dr. De Camp in the Milton neighborhood, and went away about 1830. Dr. John W. Jackson, now of Rockaway, also resided for a few years in the township. Among the influential citizens of Jefferson the name of William B. Lefevre, M. D., deserves a prominent place. For intelligence, usefulness and weight of character he will long be remembered. His ancestors on both sides can be traced to an early date. The first of this name was Hippolyte Lefevre, who came to this country in the ship '■' Griffith " in 1675 and landed at Salem. For a long period the Lefevre family lived on the island of Tinicum, in the Delaware River, eleven miles below Phil- adelphia. From there Minard Lefevre, the third in de- scent from Hippolyte Lefevre, came to Succasunna about the year 1750. His son John married Elizabeth Day, a granddaughter of J. Jeff, who in 1750 came with his family from England and settled at Elizabeth- town. This Mr. Jeff was a commission merchant, and the owner of several ships which sailed regularly between England and this country. His three children in 1775 moved to Succasunna Plains. Mary Jeff, the youngest of these three, married Aaron Day, a lieutenant in the Revolutionary war. Their youngest daughter, Elizabeth, married John Lefevre, the father of Dr. Willliam B. Lefevre. Dr. Lemuel Bright has gained a large practice in the neighborhood of Hurdtown and Woodport during the few years that he has resided there. Schools. The following account of the former condition of the schools is taken largely from the "Centennial Collections of Morris County:" "Prior to the year 1800 there were no school-houses built expressly for school purposes. Yet schools were taught in various localities;" as Berk- shire Valley, Longwood and Milton, but probably not at Hurdtown. "About the year 1800, or shortly thereafter, the people of Berkshire Valley, through the exertions of the nsembers of the Presbyterian church, built a school- house on the site of the present one," and in 1859 the present structure was built, at a cost of $350. An old " double " school-house was the first to be built, and it is probably the oldest one in the county. Another was built on the same site in 1824, and rebuilt in 1873. The school-house at Longwood was built in 1812, the land therefor being given by Philip Losey. The house cost f 150. A second house was built in 1847 of stone. The site for this building was given by Mahlon L. Dickerson, and the house cost $400. Charles McFarlan and Elias C. Talmadge were instrumental in causing its erection. " Following this was the school-house at Scrub Oaks, now Milton, a frame structure with seats for forty, which v/sls built in 1830 and repaired about fifteen years ago. The Hopatcong school-house was built between 1840 and 1850;" that at Russia in 1852, and replaced, after being burned, in 1871. A school-house was rented at Hurd- 2^8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. town in 183 1, and probably before. The present build- ing was erected in 1855 or 1856. It seats one hundred and fifty. The school-house at Weldon was built in 1878 and seats seventy-eight. " The township was regularly divided into six school districts in 1838, under the jurisdiction of a school com- mittee of three persons. In 1849 the jurisdiction of the schools passed into the hands of a town superintendent. The first person elected to that office was "John W. Jackson, who held two years. After that lime Charles McFarlan held it almost continuously until 1862. "No better school officer than Mr. McFarlan," who was a gentleman of much culture and refinement, and much given to literary pursuits, " could be found. He devoted his time, his talents and his money to promote the cause of education." The condition of the schools of this township in 1880, as given in the report of the State board of education, is as follows: There were in that year eight schools. The total income from all sources was $2,717.12; the value of school property was $4,400; total number of children between five and eighteen years, 493; average time the the school was kept open, 8.8 months; number of chil- dren enrolled, 366; number of male teachers, three; number of female teachers, five; average salary of males, $43.33; average salary of females, $22.20. Among the old teachers mentioned in the "Centennial Collections " were Messrs. Canfield, Dickerson, Sutphen and Wilson; others were Scarlet, Ualton, Sherman, who taught before 1820, and Rev. Gabriel Van Duzer. From the Township Records. The township was organized in 1804. The following is the record of the first town meeting, held April 9th 1S04: " This day being appointed by the Legislature of the State of New Jersey for the first annual town meeting of the inhabitants of said township; agreeable to the law in- corporating them into a separate township, the inhabi tants assembled at the house of Mr. John Seward jr., lately occupied by Mrs. Hilah Seward, and proceeded to business as follows (viz.): Between the hours of 1 1 and 12 the persons assembled and elected the following per sons (viz.): John F. Losey their president and John Kelso their town clerk for the ensuing year; after which the\ proceeded and made the following appointments and en- tered into the re^oUltions and by-laws as follows: $20 bounty on wolves headed; $2 on wildcats; 2 shillings per head on cattle drove into town and not owned by in- habitants thereof; $250 to be raised for contingent ex- penses; next town meeting to be held at John De Camp. Esq's; second day of election to be held at Capt. Cor- nelius Davenport's." Shortly afterward the following entry was made: " Dr. James Boylan is to have thirty dollars for attending Michael Conoly while sick at Cornelius Davenport's, which sum the Dr. agrees to accept in full for his ser- vices. Cornelius Davenport is to have twelve shillings per week for boarding said Conoly, and attending him while sick, being thirteen weeks; amounting to $19.50." In 1818 $600 was raised for the support of the poor and other contingent expenses; and it was " voted that the paupers be sold at A. Chamberlain's on the loth inst.," the only notice of this custom that caught our eye on the town records. In 1827 it was "resolved that John H. Stanburrough, Joseph' Dickerson jr. and David B. Hurd be appointed and are hereby constituted a com- mittee on behalf of this township to purchase a lot of land called the Ogden farm, or any other convenient lot as to them shall be deemed proper, for any sum not ex- ceeding $700; which said lot of land so purchased shall be kept for the use and support of the poor of this town- ship." So far as can be learned no action was ever taken under this resolution. In 1831 a resolution was passed to the effect that "any sum not exceeding $50 be paid by the chairman or clerk of the committee to Clar- issa Vansyckle for the purpose of attending the eye infirm- ary in the city of New York, and for other medical relief." In 1832 it was resolved that the bounty of $25 for an old wolf and $10 for a young one " be given to an in- habitant of any other township, providing such township will [pay ?] an inhabitant of this township the same bounty for the purpose above mentioned." In 1837 it was resolved "that the chosen freeholders of this township are instructed to use their influence with the board of chosen freeholders of this county at their annual meeting, and to vote for a committee to be appointed who shall be required to purchase a county poor-house and farm, erect buildings, purchase stock, employ a keeper, and do all other acts that maybe neces- sary for the reception of the paupers of the county; and that they be authorized to use from the second and third installments of the surplus revenue due the county any sum not to exceed $15,000 to carry the above reso- lutions." It was " resolved by the inhabitants of Jefferson town- ship," at a special meeting held August 14th 1864 " that the sum of $400 be raised by tax for each man who may volunteer, or be drafted in the next draft to be made, and which has been ordered by the President of the United States, to fill the quota of said township; to be offered as a bounty to volunteers, or given to each man who may be drafted and shall procure a sub- stitute, or as a bounty for his personal service in the army of the United States; said tax to be raised one- half in 1865 and one-half in 1866, in part by a poll tax of $io on each single and $5 on each married man annually in each year, and the balance to be levied on the taxable property of said township in the same manner as the other county and township taxes are raised." It was also resolved " that John P. Brown, Betijarain Hop- per, and Tusten Van Duser be and they are hereby elected and appointed commissioners, with power to raise the necessary moneys to pay such sums as aforesaid or to issue the script of the township therefor, to be deliv- ered to such drafted man or volunteer," and "that con- scripts under the last draft who have furnished substi- tutes be exetnpted from the above tax." Out of a total poll of 159 one vote was cast for a tax of $350 per volunteer, 50 for no tax, and 108 for a tax of $400 per man. OFFICERS OF jfiFFERSON TOWNSHIP. ii9 The officers of the township have been as follows: Collectors. — Stephen Dickerson, 1804, 1808-27; John De Camp, 1806; William Headley, 1807; James L. Dick- erson, 1828; George Allison, 1829; Squier Lum, 1830, 1831, 1837, 1838; Nathaniel Hopping, 1832, 1833, 1835; Freeman Wood, 1834; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1836; Ansolem H. Bounting, 1839, 1840; Stephen Cooper, 184T, 1842; John G. Mase, 1843; Jesse Babbitt, 1844; Frederick W. Fichter, 1845; Mahlon Mase, 1846; Elias C. Kemble, 1848; David S. Headley, 1849; David Allen, 1850; William C. Bounting, 1851; William W. Congleton. 1852; Andrew J. Allison, 1853; Peter. Doland, 1854; Joseph W. Headley, 1855, i860, 1861, 1876-80; Daniel Chamberlain, 1856, 1857 (none found in recordsof 1858J, 1862; Mahlon Jennings, 1859, 1867; David C. Allison, 1863, 1864; Ira Chamberlain, 1865; Amzi Weaver, 1866; Henry Hopper, 1868-73; George W. Allison, 1874, 1875; William D. Norman, 1881. Town Committee. — John De Camp, 1804, 1807 09, 1812-16; Daniel Hurd, 1804; John O. Ford, 1804; Joseph Hurd, 1804, 1813; John P. I^osey, 1804, 1807-12, 1814, 1816; John Headley, 1806; John Dow, 1806; Timothy Jayne, 1806; William A. Hulmes, 1806, 1807; William Wallace, 1806; Stephen Dickerson, 1807; William Head- ley, 1807-11; Cornelius Davenport, 1808-12; John Dun- ham, 1808; John Kelso, 1809-13; John H. Stanburrough, 1810-13, 1815-17, 1821-28, 1835-38; George Turner, 1813-15, 1836, 1838-40, 1853; Samuel G. I. De Camp, 1814, 1816; Sylvanus Cooper, 1814, 1839-33; Joseph Dickerson, 1815, 1817, 1819-29, 1831-35, 1838; John Seward jr., 1815, 1820, 1821; John C. Doughty, 1816, 1817, 1819, 1821; Squier Lum, 1817, 1835; Samuel Chamberlain, 1817; Ephraim Adams, t8i8, 1820, 1823-26; Samuel Tharp, 1818, 1819, 1822, 1829, 1832, 1840, 1850; Abraham Chamberlain, i8t8, 1833, 1834; Stephen Freeman, 1818; John Jayne, 1818; Wil- liam Wood, 1819; James L. Dickerson, 1819, 1827; George Allison, 1820-28, 1835, 1838, 1840-44, 1853, 1857, 1858, 1861; Elias Chamberlain, 1820, 1822-26, 1828, 1829; David B. Hurd, 1821-27, 1830-34, 1837; Lemuel Minton, 1828, 1830, 1831; James L. Hurd, 1829; Benja- min Chamberlain, 1829; Enos Davenport, 1831; Jacob D. Roe, 1830; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1831, 1833-36, 1840-42; Aaron Starr, 1832; Freeman Wood, 1833, 1834; Calvin A. Kanouse, 1836; Morris Chamberlain, 1836; William Allen, 1837, 1848, 1850, 1851; Mahlon L. Dickerson, 1837-40; Ephraim Lindslt-y, 1837; Horace Chamberlain, 1838, 1839; Gabriel Van Duser, 1839; Elias C. Talmadge, 1839; William Kichter, 1841, 1842; William W. Plumstead, 1841. 1842, 1844; Jesse Babbit, 1841, 1842, 1845, 1846, 1848, 1849; David Allen, 1843, 1844; Stephen Cooper, 1843, 1844, 1846, 1854; William A. Wood, 1843; David S. Headley, 1843; John Hardy, 1843, 1844, 1846 ; Paul Mandeville, 1845 ; Charles Munson, 1845, 1846; Charles McFarlan, 1845; John D. Stanburrough, 1846; William D. McCornac, 1848- 51', 1863-65, 1874; Samuel D. Wolfe, 1849; William B.' Lefcvre, 184951; Peter Decker jr., 1850, 1851; Dennis Duffee, 1849 ; Richard R. Davenport, 1850, 1851, 1855, 1856, 1858; Simon A. Demarest, 1853-55; William H. Spencer, 1853; Frederick Matthews, 1853; John A. Hopper, 1854, 1855, 1857, 1858; William P. Norman, 1854; Joseph W Headly, 1854, 1859, 1862, 1866-68, 1871-73; Joseph McPeak, 1855; Charles Coile, 185s 1856; Henry Furgeson, 1856 58; William C. Boun- ting ' 1856, 1857, 1868 70; Lewis Chamberlain, 1856, i86o- Jacob Timbrel, 1857; WilHam P. Winterbottom, 1858 1862; Frederick W. Fichter, 1859, i860; Marshal Mase, 1859, 1867; Jacob Talman, 1859-61; Levi Daven- port, i860; James Devore, 1861, 1862, 1872, 1873; Jo- seph Leighton, 1861; Jacob Talman, 1862, 1867, 1869- 71, 1875, 1876; Jacob L. Coile, 1862, 1863; Albert S. Chamberlain, 1863, 1864, 1874; Zophar O. Talmadge, 1863-65; John D. King, 1863; Levi Talman, 1864, 1865; John A. Fichter, 1864, 1865; Levi McCornac, 1865; Al- bert R. Spriggs, 1866, 1868-71; Charles Davenport, 1866, 1872; Stephen A. Lind.sley, 1866; Henry Lumadue jr., 1866; Charles S. Davenport. 1867, 1871; Theodore Brown, 1867; Maurice Duffee, 1868-70; Alexander Goarke, 1868- 70; William H. Fichter, 1871; William S. Fenton, 1871; Augustus Hartzough, 1872, 1873, 1875-77; John L. Temple, 1872, 1873; William R. Gordon, 1873, 1880, 1881; Moses B. Fichter, 1874: Simon Misel, 1874; John D. Stanburrough, 1874; Dennis M. Dufifie, 1875-78; Je- tur R. Riggs, 1875; Silas D. Rowland, 1875, 1876, 1880; James Gordon Case, 1876; M. L. P. Thompson, 1877, 1878; William G. Fichter, 1877, 1878; Albert Richards, 1877; Abraham Shawger, 1878; William D. Norman, 1878-80; Edward Hall, 1879; Maurice McCornac, 1879; Jacob Hopper, 1881; William Sedgeman, 1881. Commissioners of Appeal. — Moses Hopping, 1804; Daniel Hurd, 1804; John O. Ford, 1804; Cornelius Da- venport, 1806, 1808-12; Samuel Headley, 1806; Stephen Freeman, 1806; Stephen Dickerson, 1807; William A. Hulmes, 1807-12; John Seward jr., 1812, 1821; George Turner, 1813- 15, 1817, 1838; Samuel G. I. De Camp, 1813-16; William Headley, 1816, 1823, 1824, 1828, 1830- 32, 1835, 1837; Jeremiah Fairchild, 1816, 1818, 1819; Samuel Tharp, 1817-22, 1840, 1850; William Wood, 1817- 20; James L. Dickerson, 1822; George Allison, 1821, 1822, 1825, 1826, 1838, 1840-45, 1849; Joseph Dickerson, 1820; John C. Doughty, 1823 27; Elias Chamberlain, 1823, 1824, 1827: David Allen, 1825-27, 1829, 1833; John Keeler, 1828; Levi Harvey, 1828; John O. Daven- port, 1829; John Henderson, 1829; Sylvanus Cooper, 1830-32; Moses Bounting, 1830, 1831; David B. Hurd, 1833, 1837; John Ruter, 1833; Elias C. Talmadge, 1833, 1836; William Fichter, 1834, 1835; Calvin A. Kanouse, 1834; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1834; Morris Chamberlain, 1835, 1836; John Hardy, 1837; Gabriel Van Duser, 1838; Thomas Stephens, 1839; Timothy Southard, 1839, 1840; Ansolem H. Bounting, 1839, 1848; Jesse Babbit, 1841, 1842, 1845; Samuel D. Wolfe, 1841- 44, 1846; Abraham Jennings, 1843, 1844; Mahlon Jen- nings, 1845, 1862, 1873, 1875-81; John G. Mase, 1846, 1850; Cornelius Talmadge, 1846; John W.Jackson, 1848; Joseph R. Dickerson, 1848; William B. Lefevre, 1849; William C. Bounting, 1850, 1867, 1873, 1880; David Hines, 1851; Benjamin Hopper, 1851; William A, Spencer, 1851; Cornelius D. Talmadge, 1853, 1854; John A. Hopper, 1853, 1866; Elias Green, 1853-56; David C. Allison, 1854, 1855; Richard K. Davenport, 1855, 1856; Garret Talmadge, 1856; Ephraim H. Long, 1857; Charles Davenport, 1857; David C. Ackerson, 1857, 1858; Henry B. Furgeson, 1858; David Estill, 1858; Abraham L. Estill, 1859-61; John D. Stanbur- rough, 1859, 1862, 1865; George Allison, 1859, 1861; Levi Davenport, i860; Jacob Talman, i860; Thomas C. Elston, 1861; Mahlon L. Dickerson, 1862; Josiah Mc- Peak, 1863, 1864; Elias C. Talmadge, 1863, 1864; John- son Chamberlain, 1S63, 1864; Maurice Chamberlain, 1865; Zophar O. Talmadge, 1865; Jacob Talman, 1866, 1868; Marshal Mase, 1866; William Allison, 1867; Henry Hopper, 1867; Will'am Fenton, 1868, 1869, 1872, 1876; David Jayne, 1868-75; Thomas Bright, 1869, 1870; Asa Berry, 1870, 1871; Garret Talman, 1871; William Search, 1872; Albert R. Spriggs, 1872; William P. Winterbottom, 1873; Horace Chamberlain, 1874; William H. Talmadge, 1874; Levi Talman, 1874; John Kevelin, 1875; James Devore, 1875, 1876, 1878; Charles Davenport, 1877, 1879; William D. Norman, 1877; 246 ttlStORV OF MORRIS COUNTY. Stephen A. Lindsley, 1878, 1880, 1881; Jacob Talraan, 1870; Henry Lindcman, 1881. Town Clerks. — John Kelso, 1806-08, 1810-13; William M. O'Harrel, 1809; Peter Freeman, 1814; John C. Doughty, 1815-21; David B. Hurd, 1823-25, 1830, 1831, 1833, 1834, 1837, 1838; Aaron Starr, 1826, 1827, 1832; Albert Stanburrough, 1828, 1829; Mahloii L. Dickerson, 1835, 1836; Gabriel Van Duser, 1839; Garret S. Dema- rest, 1840, 1842; John Hardy. 1843-45; Leo B. Hurd, 1846; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1848; David Hinds, 1849, 1850; John P. Brown, 1851, 1852, 1857; Amos Chamberlain, 1853-56; Jacob Timbrel, 1858-60; Lewis M. Chamberlain, 1861-65; Charles Allen, 1866-69; Theo- .dore Brown, 1870; Jelur R. Riggs, 1871-73; George Chamberlain, 1874; William L. Allen, 1875; William R. Gordon, 1876; Walter B. De Camp, 1877-80; Silas D. Rowland, 1881. Assessors. — John P. Losey, 1804, 1807-9; William Wal- lace, 1806; James L. Hurd, 1808-14, 1821, I1P23, 1825, 1827, 1830, 1831, 1837-40; Sylvanub Cooper, 1815-20, .1822, 1824,1826, 1828; Timothy Southard, 1829; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1832, 1833; D. B. Hurd, 1834; William Mase, 1825; Gabriel Van Duser, 1836; John D. Stan- burrough, 1841, 1842; Oilman D. Corning, 1843; Garret S. Demarest, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1850; Jolin P. Brown, 1845; Leo B. Hurd, 1848; Horace Chamberlain, 1851- '55, 1858-61; Edward C. Hurd, 1856; John D. King, .1857; Abraham L. Estill, 1862, 1866-68; Maurice Mc- Cornac, 1863, 1864, 1874; Peter Decker, 1865; Joseph W. Headley, 1869; Charles Davenport, 1870; Amzi F. Weaver, 1871-73, 1875, 1877-81; W. R. Gordon, 1876. Choseii Freeholders. — John De Camp, 1804, 1806, 1807- ^09, 1813-16; Daniel Hurd, 1804; William Headley, 1806-10, 1812; John P. Losey, 1807-12, 1814-16; Joteph Hurd, 1813; Sylvanus Cooper, 1817; William Wood, 1817-19; Stephen Dickerson, 1818-21; Joseph Dicker- son, 1820-29, 1831-35; Jamt^s L. Dickerson, 1822-26; James L. Hurd, 1827, 1840; Abram Chamberlain, 1828; Hiram Headley, 1829; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1830, 1831; Elias Chamberlain, 1830; Abraham Chamberlain, 1832, 1834; (none recorded in 1833); George Allison, 1835, 1848; David B. Hurd, 1836, 1837, 1845; John H. Stanburrough, 1836, 1839-44; tiquier Lum, 1837; John Hardy, 1838, 1839, 1848; Abraham Chamberlain, 1838; Mahlon L. Dickerson, 1841-46; David Allen, 1846; An- solem H. Bounting, 1849; John D. Stanburrough, 1849, 1850; William H. Spencer, 1850; John G. Mase, 1851; Clark L Martin, 1851; John D. King, 1853-56, 1858 61; Elias C. Talmadge, 1853; Christopher Helmes, 1854; John D. Stanburrough, 1855, 1856; Benjamin Hopper, 1857-60, 1862, 1866-70; Peter Doland, 1857-61; William A. Wood, 1859, 1862-64; John J. Norman, 1863-65; Moses B. Fichter, 1865; James Devore, 1866 70; Jacob Talman, 1871, 1872; W. C. Bounting, 1871, 1872; John F. Wood, 1873; Edward N. Norman, 1873-75, 1878^ Johnson Chamberlain, 1874, 1875; Theodore Brown, 1876, 1877; Clark D. Simpson, 1876; B. W. Gordon, 1877; Silas D. Rowland, 1878; Theodore Brown, 1879; Benjamin Hopper, 1880, 1881. School Committee. — D. B. Headley, 1831; Joseph Dickerson, 1831-35; Sylvanus Cooper, 1831-33; John H. Stanburrough, i83[-33, 1835; Samuel Tharp, 1831-34; David B. Hurd, 1832-34; John O. Davenport, 1834; Timothy Southard, 1834; Elias C. Talmadge, 1835. 1836, 1838, 1839; John Hardy, 1836 38; Gabriel Van Duser, 1836-39; Ichabod Dean, 1837; Lewis M. De Camp, 1839; David Congleton, 1840, 1841, 1844, 1845; Timothy Southard, 1840, 1841; Peter Decker, 1840; William W. Plumstead, 1841; Albert H. Stanburrough, 1842, 1843; David Alien, 1842 44; Mahlon L. Dickerson, 1842-44; William Fichter, 1845; Richard R. Davenport, 1845; John G. Mase, 1846; Edward C. Rodjers, 1846; Gabriel Van Duser, 1846. Superintendents of Schools. — John W. Jackson, 1848, 1849; Charles McFarlan, 1850 (none recorded in 1851), 1853, 1854, 1856 62; Peter Dorland, 1855; Daniel F. Lyon, 1863-65; John P. Brown, 1866. Overseers of Poor. — Moses Hopping, 1804; John Jen- nings, 1804; William A. Hulmes, 1806, 1808, 1809; John Dow, 1806; William Wallace, 1807; Moses Qgden, 1807; Stephen Dickerson, 1808-10; Abraham L. Davenport, i8(o; John Dunham, 1811, 1814-17; Cornelius Daven- port, 1811, 1812; Jeremiah Fairchild, 1812; Joseph Hurd, 1813; George Allison, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1822, 1832, 1838; Enos Davenport, 1820-28; Samuel Tharp, 1823-26, 183s, 1836; Chileon F. De Camp, 1827; William Hinds, 1829; Elias Chamberlain, 1830, 1831 (none re- corded in 1833); Abraham L. Davenport, 1834, 1837; John O. Davenport, 1839-46, 1848, 1849, 1851, 1853- 56; William C. Bounting, 1850; Paul Mandeville, 1857, 1858; William D. Normun, 1859 62, 1866-69; William Wright, 1863, 1864; Jacob S. Coe, 1865; William D. Norman, 1870, 1871; Benjamin Hopper, 1872, 1873, 1875-81; Jacob L. Coile, 1874. JOHN P. BROWN. The Brown family were among the earliest settlers in Morris county. It is not positively known where they came from. Martin Brown was born in Pequannock, Morris county, October loth 1764. His wife's maiden name was Hannah Post. Their children were John, Peter, Henry, Abraham, William, Eliphalet, Elizabeth H.,' Catharine, Jennie, Margaret, Hannah and Sarah Ann. He died August 23d 1850, at Newfoundland, Morris .county. : Petei, the son of Martin, was born in West Milford, ■Passaic county, N. J., October nth 1790. He was a farmer, a merchant and a hotel keeper at Newfoundland. He wras • married • December 15th 1813 to Elizabeth, :daughter of Elizabeth and Jacob Kanouse, of Bergen (now Passaic) county. Their children were: Eliza Ann, born August 14th 1814; Harriet, March 9th 1816; John P., August 24th 1817; Hannah, August nth 1819; Susan, May 13th 1821; Julia, November 12th 1823; Lydia, June 19th 1826; Ira, September 7th 1828, and Chilian, September 14th 1830; all of whom are living except Eliza Ann, Harriet, Julia and Chilian. Mr. Brown died February 14th 1864. His widow, at the advanced age of 88, resides at Newfoundland with her son John P. In 1816 he commenced the business of hotel keeping at Newfoundland, in a small house which he erected. This was burned in 1840, but he soon built in its place a two and one-half story hotel. In 1844 he was suc- ceeded in the business by his son John P.,. who has from time to time enlarged and improved the hotel, and it is now a popular and well' patronized summer resort. MENDHAM TOWNSHIP. By Hon. S. B. Axtell. ENDHAM is the smallest township in Morris county. It contains 14,74.6 acres and has no marsh land. It lies at an altitude of about 600 feet above mean tide. It is bounded north by Randolph, east by Morris- south by Somerset county, and west by Chester. It is well wooded, and watered by numerous springs and small brooks. The waters of the western part flow into the Raritan River, those in the eastern part into the Passaic. The township is re- markably well drained and very fertile. All fruits, grains, berries and grapes natural to this latituc'e grow to great perfection and are exceedingly well flavored. Men and animals are healthy and longevity is the rule. Of the aboriginal inhabitants, the Indians, we know but little; but we believe they were more intelligent and more friendly to the whites than many of the more west- ern and northern tribes. The Mendham settlers came with their families; the family is always in the interest of peace and has always found a more friendly Indian thau the one discovered by the soldier, the hunter and trapper, or the mere adventurer or prospector. Mend- ham never suffered from Indian war or massacre. Its history indeed is exceptionally free from painful inci- dents. This has not been the theater of great or start- ling crimes. Fifty years ago there was established and maintained in Mendham village a circulating library. There have from the first been the saving influence of good books and the restraints of religious teaching. The exceeding healthfulness of the climate has also probably contributed greatly to moderate and purify the tempera- ment of the inhabitants. The children born of healthful industrious and virtuous parents have naturally and cheer- fully walked in the ways of virtue and the paths of peace. The population of Mendham township has remained quite uniform most of the time since the census began to be taken. The returns have been as follows: 1810, 1,277; 1820,1,326; 1830,1,315; 1840, 1,378; 1850, r, 726; i860, 1,660 i^s colored); 1870, 1,581 (27 colored); 1875. 1,620 (21 colored); 1880, 1,526 (Mendham village 294, Brookside 187). The township statistics for 1881 were given as follows by the assessors: Assessed valua- tion of real estate, $834,165; personal, $275,335; debt. $20,950; polls, 354; State school tax, $2,291; county tax, $2,138.74; road tax, $1,600; poor tax, $125. Mendham's Pioneers and Old Families. There are no authentic records of the township earlier than 1713; nor much of tradition. The first white men probably came up the Raritan. The trapper, following the streams, first penetrates to a new country. James Wills, said to have been an Englishman married to a French woman, bought land of the original proprietors about Ralstonville. Roxiticus has an Indian name and is on a branch of the Raritan. The brook above the vil- lage is called Indian Brook. At this place the first set- tlement of white men was made. They are said to have been Scotch and Irish Protestants. Here they built the first meeting-house, and here, ad- joining the little church, established the first graveyard. This was before 1738. This graveyard was not more than 25 yards square. It is said to have been crowded with graves. The headstones were unhewn and unlet- tered. We have have no tradition even of any one buried there. This church society at its own request was trans- ferred from the presbytery of New Brunswick to that of New York in 1739. There was no settled pastor. From the fact that it once belonged to New Brunswick it is fair to infer that the members came from Burlington or New Brunswick, and not from Long Island or the east as many subsequently did. About the year 1740 the prominent names in Mend- ham must have been Jacob Cook, Joseph Beach, James Pitney, Caleb Baldwin, Joseph Thompson, Ebenezer Condict, Nathan Cooper, Henry Wick, Robert Cummins, Henry Axtell, Stephen Dod, Jacob Drake, Ephraim Sanders, James McVickers, Henry Clark, Elias Howell, Zebulon Riggs and Benjamin Hurlburt. In the eastern portion of the township men named Beach, Loree, Tingley, Condict, Turner, Cary and Smith were settled with their families. Job Loree lived on land next west of Major Lewis Loree's before 1749, and Major Henry Axtell, son of Henry Axtell who came from Massachu- setts in 1739, lived in the same neighborhood as early as 1760. Near Washington Corners lived in early days Riggs, Vance and Bedell. Day is also a very early 242 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. name, one of the daughters of Henry Axtell having married a Day. Brookside was called in early days Watersheet. The Connet who built the grist-mill came from Chatham about 1800, but there was an old mill there at that time, called Smith's mill. On the mountain the Clarks, from Long Island, Pools, Styleses, Cozads, Mcllraths and Bonnels were early settlers. Of the Byrams we have a very full and satisfactory record. Aaron G. Byram, of Brookside, has taken filial pains to preserve the record of his fathers. Ebenezer Byram was a grandson of Nicholas Byram, an English gentleman who settled at Bridgewater, Mass., about 1660, and died there in 1688, leaving a son. Captain Nicholas Byram, of whom honorable mention is made in the his- tory of Bridgewater. His son Ebenezer, born in 1692, came with five sons and three daughters to Men^ham in 1743. He is the ancestor of all the Byrams in Morris and' Sussex counties. In his 22nd year he married Han- nah, daughter of Joseph Hayward. In 1738 his son Ebenezer married Abigail, a daughter of Captain Eben- ezer Alden, a grandson of Captain John Alden and his wife Priscilla, of " Mayflower " memory. On the same day her two sisters were married, one to Eleazer Wash- burn, the other to Ephraim Cary. Ebenezer Byram built the Bli'ck Horse tavern and changed the site of the church from Roxiticus to its present beautiful location. The name of the village was also changed, and tradition attributes this change to Ebenezer Byram's saying, " I'll mend 'em." The best informed people, however, among them his own descendant Aaron G. Byram, and Rev. T. S. Hastings, do not give credence to this. " Ham" has long been a termination of names of English towns, and Mendham is an English name. It is written in the first session book Mendom. In deeds it is found Mendum. It is a beautiful name and may easily mean " my home." When it was determined to build a substantial house for meetings upon the present site, Mr. Byram returned to Bridgewater and engaged John Cary to do all the car- penter work. There is not a particle of doubt that the Axtells, Leonards, Byrams and Carys are of New England origin; so also are those who came from Newark and Long Island, as the Dods, Riggses, Connets and Clarks. An old historian says three brothers by the name of Riggs lived in Massachusetts, and removed thence to Connecti- cut. Edward, one of the three, removed to Newark, N. J., and had a son Joseph, who lived and died in Orange. The last named was the father of Zebulon Riggs, the father of Preserve Riggs, of Mendham, who married Puah Hudson and had a son Elias, born in 1770. This Elias was the father of Rev. Elias Riggs, who went as a missionary to Greece in 1832. It is well to bear in mind that Newark was settled by a colony from New England in 1666, and that many of the sons of these early settlers passed westward over the P'irst mountain into the valley of the Passaic, settling Chatham, Madison, Morristown, Brookside and Mendham. We have au- thentic history that the Dods so came. Other families came from New Brunswick by way of Basking Ridge. The Pitneys came in this way directly from England. A brother of James Pitney is said to have bought land of the original proprietors in Mendham as early as 1722. Henry Axtell, who was born in Massachusetts in 1715, mari-ied Jemina Leonard in 1737 and removed with his wife's father to Mendham about 1741 — three years before the Byrams came — is perhaps among the first of the New England settlers. This Henry Axtell was a blacksmith and had a shop and owned land near the Drakes. In a mortgage in possession of John Drake, signed by David Oliphant, Henry Axtell is mentioned as owning land on the road leading from Mendham to Morristown. This mortgage is dated September nth 1751. The Axtells are of English descent. Their ancestor Daniel was a "Round-head " colonel, and suffered death for the active part he took under Cromwell. His sons came to the New World, and Henry, as we have seen, was an early settler in Mendham. He died young, leaving three sons, Henry, Calvin and Luther, and three daughters. His widow married a Mr. Lum, and lived to a great age. His son Henry lived and died in Mendham, as did also Cal- vin. Luther went to Washington county. Pa. Henry was a major of militia, and is known as Major Axtell. He was twice married; his second wife was a Condit This family also spell their name in different ways, as Condit and Condict. The elder Axtells were men of great good nature and some humor. It is said of Major Henry that when he proposed to his second "venture" she expressed no repugnance to him personally, but said, "I cannot think of taking the responsibility of being a stepmother." "Well," said the major, rising to go, "if that is all your objection I will go right home and kill the young ones." But rather then permit so barbarous a deed she married him, and, tradition says, made a most exemplary and excellent wife, stepmother and mother. Their union was blessed with two sons and three daugh- ters. The sons were Henry and Silas. Henry graduated at Princeton, studied theology and was settled in Geneva, N. Y. He left three sons, all in the Presbyterian min- istry — Daniel, Henry and Charles. Silas was a carpenter and colonel of militia in the war of 1812. He lived on the homestead. He had six sons. The eldest, Samuel, married Nancy Sanders, and is the father of Samuel Beach Axtell, who has been twice a member of Congress, and governor of both Utah and New Mexico. Another son, Jacob, is the father of Charles F. Axtell, a lawyer in Morristown, who although yet young has been twice elected a member of the Legislature of New Jersey. There are no Axtells now living in Mendham. It is said that in 1740 there was only a bridle path or Indian trail between Roxiticus and West Hanover (now Morristown), passing through Drake's clearing and Pit- ney's clearing, thence toward the mountain and by Smith's mill — now Connet's. The only buildings on this trail were a small blacksmith shop in Drake's clearing, Henry Axtell's and James Pitney's houses and Smith's mill, at the east end of what is now Brookside. Jacob Drake's name appears in papers as early as 1742. Joseph Thomp- son bought of the Ogden brothers, of Newark, in 1740. THE McILRATHS AND DODS OF MENDHAM. 243 Nathan Cooper probably bought of the proprietors. Robert Cummins is said to have been an Irishman, He died in 1780, aged 80 years. The Thompsons were Scotchmen. Samuel McIIrath was a Scotchman. Sarah, one of his daughters, married and went with her husband to Pennsylvania. It came to light after her marriage that her husband had murdered a peddler to get money to come and marry her. He was arrested, tried, convicted, and sentenced to be hung. She traveled on foot and alone to the governor of the State to solicit his pardon She failed; came back; remained with him to the last moment, and for three nights slept on his grave to pre- vent the doctors getting his body. She afterward re- turned to Mendham; married a Mr. Shaw, an English- man; went with him to Washington county. Pa., and from there to near Cleveland, O.; became wealthy; was a ruling elder, in fact, of the Presbyterian church at Euclid, O., and died at a good old age, beloved by all who knew her. She never had children, and her prop- erty was left to found the Shaw Academy, seven miles east of Cleveland. She was one of the noblest, bravest, most unselfish souls that ever lived. Another daughter of Elder Samuel McIIrath, the old Scotch Covenanter, was cruelly betrayed in her youth and left that most wretched being — a sensitive, conscien- tious mother, whose poor babe has no legal father- What Elder Samuel McIIrath would do under such cir- cumstances any one who has read Scotch domestic his- tory of that day can well understand. The old man, who would have torn out his own heart or held his right hand in the flame rather than tolerate iniquity in himself, could not countenance sin in his daughter. When she was able to walk after her babe was born he told her to take it up. He led her to the road in front of his house, and told her never again to darken his door. She never did; but begging her way westward found a home among the hard working German farmers of Western Pennsyl- vania, who had no more religion about them than to pity her misfortunes and by their kindness to heal her broken heart. She told her story, was trusted, believed and loved by a young farmer, who married her and adopted her son. They afterward also moved to Ohio, and when her son was a grown man Aunt Shaw and her sister Isabella Woodruff heard for the first time in twenty years of this sister who had been driven for her sin from their father's door. They immediately saddled their horses, rode through an almost unbroken wilderness a journey of nearly a hundred miles and found her. This story the writer of this article had from Aunt Shaw's own lips. It is noticeable that many names are differently spelled in the old records from what we spell them now. As already noticed Mendham was spelled both om and um. Axtell is found Extil, Extel and Axtel. The Mendham Dods -spell with one d, while the Newark Dodds use two. Ephraim Sanders's family usually spell their name with- out the u, while his son Rev. Ephraim Dodd Saunders, of Philadelphia, as well as many of his ancestors, spells the name Saunders. It is probable that Christopher Saunders, who came from London to Bridlington or New Beverly (afterward named Burlington) with Daniel Wills about 1680, is the ancestor of the Sanders family. Stephen Dod was born April 4th 1703. His mother was Elizabeth Riggs. He came to Mendham from New- ark in 1745. He married Deborah Brown, and had five sons and six daughters. One of his daughters, Keziah, married Ephraim Sanders, father of Captain Ephraim Sanders. The Dods possessed rare mathematical and mechanical genius. They could both invent and execute. They made all the clocks used in Mendham. They re- paired all the guns. They were among the first to apply steam to navigation. Unfortunately for Mendham she was too far inland to retain men of their breadth and genius and she early lost them all. Of the Dods Mr. Hastings says: " The family were remarkable for their ingenuity. There was almost nothing which they could not do, almost nothing which they could not make. They were self-taught." A grandson of Lebbeus, eldest son of Stephen Dod, of Mendham, Lebbeus B. Ward, now resides in Morristown. His mother was Phebe Dod, born in Mendham in 1768. Lebbeus Dod was attached to the Revolutionary army during the whole war, with the rank of captain of artillery. He was detached from active service by order of General Washington and di- rected to establish an armory for the repair and manu- facture of muskets, for which his mechanical talent par- ticularly adapted him. For this purpose he erected a building at his own residence which was still standing in 1814. He was constantly exposed to the attempts of the British to capture him, and was compelled to remove his works to a secluded portion of his own land. On one occasion he was surprised by the enemy and was only saved by the self-possession and presence of mind of his wife (Mary Baldwin). While they were at the barn prob- ing with their bayonets the hay under which he was con- cealed, she placed her wheel at a window where she could watch them and began to spin and to sing a hymn with the greatest composure. Her conduct convinced them that he had escaped, and they left without firing the barn, which they were on the point of doing. Rev. Al- bert Baldwin Dod, D. D., professor of mathematics in Princetown College, was also born in Mendham. He was one of New Jersey's most honored sons. Captain Ephraim Sanders inherited from his mother much of the Dod ingenuity. He learned his trade of his uncle Dod, and was long a leading mechanic in iron, and general blacksmith. Major Lewis Loree, who lived to be upward of ninety, learned his trade of Captain Sanders. The wife of Captain Sanders was Sarah Rodgers. Her mother was a Sweazy and her father a direct descendant of John the martyr. There were born to them numer- ous sons and daughters. Their eldest daughter, Nancy, who married Samuel Loree Axtell, is still living (1881), in the 89th year of her age — sole survivor not only of her father's family but almost of her generation. Two of Captain Sanders's sons graduated at Yale. One of them. Rev. E. D. Saunders, D. D., of Philadelphia, was the founder of the Presbyterian hospital in that city. 33 244 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Dr. Frank Ford Sanders, M. D., of Morristown, a grad- uate of Princeton, is a grandson of Captain Sanders. The Careys originally spelled their name Gary. There is a full account of this family in the history of Bridge- water, Mass., published by Nahum Mitchell. It says John Cary, from Somersetshire, England, settled in Dux- bury as early as 1639, and was an original proprietor of Bridgewater and its first town clerk. He died in 1681. He had twelve children — six sons and six daughters — namely, John, Francis, Elizabeth, James, Mary, Jonathan, David, Hannah, Rebecca, Sarah, Mehitabel and Joseph. John, a son of Jonathan and father of Jonathan 2nd, who came to Mendham in 1744, and was the builder of Mendham church, owned a mill at Orr's works and was called " Old Miller Cary." The following distich was common in after times: " Experience and Mary, Susannah and Sarah, These were the wives of old John Cary." Ghosts and witches, both old and young, prevailed to unlimited extent in those days. Sam Turner was walk- ing quietly along the road, with both hands in his pockets to keep them warm, when he stumbled without any cause or provocation and fell down. He could not get his hands out of his pockets, and it was a long time before he could get up. He did not consider himself supersti- tious, and did not wish to believe himself bewitched, although the evidence tended strongly that way; so he went back and walked several times over the same ground with his hands in the same position, but did not again fall down. He was now satisfied beyond controversy ■that he was bewitched. At another time he was riding on a load of oats, from his back fields to his barn. Near the same spot he met an old woman, who said to him, " Mr. Turner, that load will fall off before you get home;" and sure enough it did, although it had been carefully loaded. The sheaves, as the old man declared, "just seemed to jump right out.'' But churns were oftenest bewitched, and ghosts delighted of course in churchyards and in the old meeting-house. These stories are legion, and, while tliey would perhaps cause a smile at the credulity of our ancestors, would scarcely serve to point a moral or adorn a tale. Uncle Dave Blank, of Brookside, will long be remem- bered for his drinking sprees and pungent wit. Once when overtaken by the bottle he was lying beside the road as old Boss Fairchild came along and called out, " Uncle Dave ! Uncle Dave ! get up and go home." " Oh," said the poor old man, "I'm so sick," " Get up, I tell you; don't you know me ? I'm Deacon Fairchild." " Ugh !" said Uncle Dave with horrible retchings, " I'm sicker'n ever." The old Black Horse tavern on election and training days was full of life. Once a noisy, brawling fellow be- came a public nuisance and the landlord abated him by knocking him down with the dinner-bell. The boys took him out to the pump to wash off the blood, and bind up an ugly scalp wound. He said he did not so much mind being knocked down, but he hated " to be dingle-dongled over." David Thompson, grandfather of Hon. George H. Thompson, was captain of an organization of Mendham citizens in the Revolutionary war. They were not in constant service, but held themselves in readiness to go out at a moment's notice. They were called minute men. Major Henry Axtell, son of Henry the blacksmith, was also in this organization. Captain Lebbeus Dod, as we have seen, was also an officer in Washington's army. This portion of New Jersey was deeply interested in that heroic struggle, and was true blue to the cause of Amer- ican independence. The men then on the stage were the immediate descendants of those who had been per- secuted for opinion's sake, and driven from England, Scotland, Ireland and France because they loved liberty. It can readily be understood on which side they would be found in such a contest. The Guerins are rather a Morristown then a Mendham family, but they intermarried with Mendham families. They were French Huguenots. They were then as now a high-spirited, brave, liberty-loving family. They were not as straight-laced as the New England Puritans who settled in Mendham. They were fond of the chase, and the older members of the family were great fox hunters. Jockey Hollow is named for them to this day. Stephen Ogden Guerin married a daughter of Captain Ephraim Sanders, and Rev. Ephraim Dod Saunders married Anna P. Guerin, their only child. Captain Courtland Saunders fell at Antietam bravely fighting for the Union and for liberty to all men. The Guerins are worthily represented by their descend- ants. The present proprietor of the Mansion House in Morristown, B. C. Guerin, is one of their sons. Major Lewis Loree was also of French stock. He was fond of sport, a man of influence, and a mighty hunter in his day. His sons David, Lewis Mills, Stephen and Aaron are still here. Phoenix is also a noted Mendham name. William was for many years the host of the Black Horse tavern. One his daughters, Lydia, married Hon. Henry C. Sanders, youngest son of Captain Ephraim Sanders. At his death he was the largest landholder in Mendham. His widow lives on the old Sanders homestead, and is not only an able and interesting woman but one of the very best and most successful farmers in Mendham township. Other daughters of this family are successful business women. The Phoenix House at Mendham, established and con- ducted by daughters of this family, is one of the best houses for summer boarders in the county. A son, Hon. Theodore W. Phoenix, has been a member of the New Jersey Legislature. He is a merchant and collector of internal revenue. At the east end of Brookside there was settled in early days an Englishman by the name of Stevens. He established a woolen mill. His granddaughter Mrs. Martha Schenck, now a widow, resides on the turnpike, near the old Stevens homestead. She is also a most estimable woman and an excellent farmer. Of the early doctors of Mendham the first. Dr. John Leddle, was an old man in 1800. He_was in active prac- OLD FAMILIES OF MENDHAM— HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES. 245 tice in the Revolution. The second Doctor Leddle, his son, practiced there all his life. His children still reside in the township. Dr. Absalom Woodruff was a noted man when Elder Samuel Mcllrath's children lived in Mendham. He was rough and ready in wit and ways, and is affectionately remembered, as all original, natural characters are apt to be. The writer remembers hearing his father say that for ten years' doctoring in one family — in which time five children were born, and raised (that is what they were born for), and one brokeii thigh was set and attended to — on final settlement Dr. Leddle's charges amounted to but $20. The Elmers, father and son, were physicians in latter days. Dr. Upson was both physician and farmer. Ziba Sanders Smith, a great grandson of Stephen Dod, resides on the old Dr. Upson farm. It adjoins the Pitney and Drake homesteads and is one of the most valuable and pleasing homes in the township or county. His wife was a daughter of Henry Axtell, son of Silas the carpenter. Their son John Henry is a graduate of Ann Arbor and a lawyer in San Francisco. Mendham never sustained a lawyer, and, though there is no apparent connection, it is said that in one neighbor- hood at least there is not kept a dog. Among lawyers hailing from Mendham Henry Cooper Pitney and George W. Forsythe are worthy of honorable mention. Her ministers are much more numerous, and her business men are found everywhere. H. O. Marsh, president of the Iron Bank in Morristown, is a specimen of the latter class. The Pitney family, as we have seen, are English. They were tall, noble looking men, full of vigor, indus- try and thrift. They long carried on a forge for making pig iron, and were also large farmers and landowners. The Pitney homestead is preserved and improved by a worthy descendant, Henry Cooper Pitney, a leading law- yer of Morristown. The brothers Nathaniel, Henry and Jesse Clark lived on the mountain. They came from Long Island, and were men of substance and influence in their day. Henry married a daughter of Major Henry Axtell. His grandson, S. H. H. Clark, of Omaha, is a prominent of- ficer in the Union Pacfic Railroad Company, and one of the leading railroad men of the west. It is related of Dr. Franklin that he said New Jersey was like a cider barrel tapped at both ends — it would all run out into Philadelphia and New York. This is partly true of Mendham; she has nourished and brought up children, but they have found their fields of usefulness and honor elsewhere. The population of Morris county in 1810 was 21,828; in 1820 it was but 21,368 — nearly 500 loss in ten years. After the war of 18 12 there was great activity in emigration to the west, especially to Ohio. Whiteheads, Schencks, Condits, Daytons, Wood- ruffs, Axtells, Cozads, Mcllraths, Meekers, Beerses, Merchants and numerous other Mendham families are to-day more numerous in Ohio and Michigan than in New Jersey. Dayton in Ohio is named for Mendham Daytons, and Licking county, Ohio, has a Jersey township. The Mendham Daytons are an old and honorable English family. Their name furnishes yet another signal instance of variations in spelling. We find that Rolph Dayghton settled at Easthampton, Long Island, in 1649. Jonathan, grandson of Rolph, settled at Elizabethtown, N. J., in 1701, and from this branch are the Daytons of Mendham. John and Joseph Marsh came to New Jersey from New England early in 1700. John married Sarah Clark and had a son John, who married Elizabeth Dunham. Their son Amos, born in 1767, was the Mendham wagonmaker. He married Sophia Oliver — written Surphia. We also have Mendham Roffs — the Virginia Rolf — undoubtedly the English Rolph; and Endsleys and Enslees — the Scottish Ainsley, or Ainslie. What shall we say of Bob- bit for Babbit, or Akstyle for Axtell ? The Drakes are worthily represented in Morristown by J. A. Drake, and in Newark by Edward Courtland Drake, son of Colonel James W., of Mendham. These families, with worthy filial affection — and, it may be said, with excellent business sense — still retain and improve the lands which their ancestors bought and settled in T741. This is also true of the Pitneys and Thompsons. The Drake family came originally from Holland. The early families of Mendham were very superior people — industrious, intelligent and moral. Nor is it be- lieved that their descendants have degenerated; at home and abroad they compare to-day favorably with the sons and daughters of any portion of our country. Industries. The early settlers of Mendham were industrious and ingenious. Their circumstances compelled them to manufacture for themselves. It was with extreme diffi- culty that they could get cash to buy with, and then it was necessary to go to Elizabethtown, on horseback or with ox carts, to bring up their goods. This state of af- fairs compelled them to make wool and flax into cloth- ing and leather into shoes. They brought ore on horse- back from Dickerson's mines, near Dover, to the mills on their streams; and with the charcoal of the heavily wooded hills made their pig iron, and carried that again on horseback to a market. It was their currency. Theirs was truly an iron age. The value of money may be understood when it is stated as a fact that John Cary came from Bridgewater, Mass., to build the first church, and worked for thirty-one cents per day. Carding, spinning, weaving and making shoes were carried on in nearly every house, and so scarce were purchased articles that thorns were constantly used in place of pins. With all other industries and economies to correspond, we can easily comprehend that our ancestors of Mendham town- ship were not consumed by sloth nor enervated by lux- ury. With them all useful industries were honorable and all idleness and extravagance disreputable. They were independent, honorable and self-reliant, and their chil- dren's children rise up and call them blessed. The business of making fine carriages was established in Mendham village by John Marsh, and afterward con- 246 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNl"Y. tinued by his son, H. O. Marsh, the president of the Iron Bank at Morristown. These carriages were built for the southern trade. The war of the Rebellion destroyed the business. The sales reached at one time about |25,ooo per annum. The shops were closed in 1862. There was manufacturing in quite early times both at Ralstonville and Brookside. At the latter place John and Abraham Byram had a mill for carding wool and fulling cloth. Ebenezer Fairchild — known as " Boss Fairchild " — had a tannery and shoe shop, and Charles Thompson carried on the same business. In fact shoes were made in nearly every house in that peaceful and industrious hamlet, and exchanged with farmers for provisions. The bread of idleness was not eaten in those days. There were also mills at Ralstonville, and there was in early days a forge on the mountain, owned and carried on for many years by the grandfather and father of Henry C. Pitney, of Morristown. In 1840 the manufacturing and educational interests were summed up in the New Jersey "Historical Collections " -as follows: "2 grist, i saw, 1 fulling-mill; I woolen, I cotton factory; capital in manufacturing, $29,800; 3 academies, 95 students; 5 schools, 183 schol. ars." The home manufactures were always considerable. The mother of a family in those days not only worked up wool and flax into cloth, but also made that cloth into garments. "She worked willingly with her hands; she rose while it was yet night and gave meat to her house- hold; her loins were girded with strength, and she strengthened her arms." But the hum of the big wheel the whir of flax-spinning and the sound of the loom have ceased in the township; whether for better or worse is an open question, but it is an accomplished fact. Mendham is strictly an agricultural township. There is neither commerce, mining nor manufacturing. The population has not increased, because under the present system of farming all the tillable lands are fully occupied. The value of farming lands in the township has greatly increased, as also their productiveness. The annual report of the controller of the State for 1880 gives the acreage of Mendham township at 13,525 acres, valued on the assessors' books at $837,665. This is an average of $61 per acre, certainly a very high figure when we consider that land is not usually assessed at over half the price for which it could be sold. The lands in Rockaway township barely average $30 per acre, and those of Chester $50. Mendham compares favorably for farming lands with any portion of the Union, east or west; and for beauty of scenery, health and comfort cannot be surpassed in the United States. The First Church. As the first church is the most striking feature in the landscape of Mendham village so is the history of its establishment and progress the most interesting part of the records of the township. It will be necessary there- fore to devote some space to the history of this church. It is noticeable that our ancestors called these buildings simply meeting-houses. They were neither temples nor Lord's houses nor churches — they were simply " meet- ing-houses." Whatever may have been their creeds, their form of government was a pure Congregationalism; that is, the congregation — the people — met and decided all important questions relating to building, paying salar- ies, etc. The place adjoining the church, where they buried their dead, was the property of the society or congregation. It was a church yard. Services were held both in the forenoon and afternoon, and during the inter- mission in pleasant weather those who came from a dis- tance went into the church yard, to eat their luncheon, to chat, to shake hands, to read inscriptions on old head- stones, to kneel down and shed bitter tears by new made graves, to criticise the doctrinal points of the sermon, and — barely possible — occasionally some worldly matters would creep in. We have seen that Ebenezer Byram with his family came to Mendham in 1743. His second son, Rev. Eliab Byram, was the first pastor of " Mendum " church. He graduated at Harvard in 1740, and was installed by the presbytery of New York pastor of Mendham church in 1744. We find from the journal of Rev. David Brainerd that he selected the Rev. Eliab Byram to be his assistant and traveling companion in his journeys among the Indians on the Susquehanna. We find the following entry in Brainerd's journal: " Monday Oct. 17th 1744. — Was engaged this day in making preparations for ray intended journey to Susquehanna. Towards night rode four miles to meet Brother Byram, who was come at my desire to be my companion in travel to the In- dians." A note says Mr. Byram was "minister at a cer- tain place known as Roxiticus." Rev. Thomas S. Hast- ings says: " That such a man as Brainerd should select Mr. Byram as his companion in his travels, and should speak so warmly of him in his journals, and that Mr. Byram should be willing to brave so many hardships and dangers with him, these things are high testimony to the piety, devotion and ability of the first pastor of Mendham church." In 1745 the people of Mendham began to build a new house of worship on the site of the present church, upon a plan, says the Rev. Dr. Armstrong, very liberal and ex- tensive for those times and the circumstances of the congregation. Ebenezer Byram prior to this had built the Black Horse tavern, and the village had changed from Roxiticus. Of the site of this church Rev. Mr. Hastings says: "I know of no church in any village which has so beautiful and picturesque a location." It is said on good authority that Mr. Byram returned to Bridgewater to secure the services of a carpenter to build this church, and that he engaged John Cary to do the whole work at two shillings and sixpence per day. Reckoned as federal money, this was only thirty-one cents per day for a boss mechanic. This church stood seventy-one years. It was a frame structure. Its timbers were cut and hewed in the adjoining forests. It was covered both top and sides with shingles riven and shaved by the very men who were to sit under their shelter; and the very nails to fasten these shingles were made by them of wrought iron, which they themselves had also made THE FIRST CHURCH IN ME^DHAM TOWNSHIP; 247 from ore brought on horseback from Dover. There was little about this first meeting-house, except the glass in the windows, which was not made by some of the con- gregation. The following description of this house is from the pen of Mr. Hastings: "It was eminently American — simple, severe and prac- tical. It was a wooden structure. Its sides were covered with short cedar shingles. It had no spire nor cupola, for bells were rare things in those days. Its main en- trance was on the south side, where there were two large, heavy, double-batten folding doors; there were also doors on the east and west sides. A broad aisle extended from the south door to the pulpit. The pulpit was on the north side of the church. It was a small box-like structure raised on a single pillar to a dizzy height, with an octag- onal sounding board, extended like an extinguisher over it, threatening to put out the minister. Underneath the pulpit was the deacons' seat, a large square pew in which sat, facing the congregation, the officers of the church and those no less important personages the choristers, one to line the hymn and the other to pitch the tune. A high gallery extended around three sides of the church, containing a few elevated pews which were near the ceil- ing — the highest seats in the synagogue. There was no porch or lobby. The gallery stairs were inside the assembly room. The pews down stairs appear to have been more than usually elaborate in their finish. The backs were precisely perpendicular and very high. Within these pews children could be heard but not seen. The upper part of the backs of the seats was open work, finished with upright spindles. In 1791 it was voted by the congregation ' to git a bell for the meeting-house of four hundred wait.' Mr. John Gary, who had built the house 46 years before, was employed to construct a belfry. It was placed in the center of the church, and the bell-rope hung down in the middle of the main aisle. Here the bell-ringer always stood of a Sabbath morning, until the people were all assembled, and being in so con- spicuous a position he felt himself bound to lay out all his energies upon the bell rope. He would leap high in air, catch the rope and make a triumphant descent, the bell loudly applauding each higher leap. Elisha Beach jr. enjoyed the honor of ringing the new bell for the first year, 'on the Sabbath and lectors and at 9 o'cl. at night.' " April 29th 1794 the congregation "voted Samuel Mc- Curdy to take care of the meeting-house, and to ring the bell night and day for one year, £s i4S-" Poor Samuel — to ring a bell of "four hundred wait" night and day for one year ! For a long time the bell was rung every evening at 9 o'clock, and many were the ghosts which the superstitious sextons encountered at that lone place and lonely hour of winter nights. There was found among the papers of Captain David Thompson, grandfather of Hon. Stephen H. Thompson, the original deed to the ground on which this meeting- house was built. The grant was made not to a sect or society but " unto the Congregation or Inhabitance of people that do or shall frequently meet together to wor- ship God in that plaice." This deed is dated November 2Sth 174s, and is signed by Edmund Burnett and wit- nessed by Joseph Kurds and Ezra Cary. The deed was obtained after the " hows " was built, for the description of the land reads: " A scairtan pees or parcel of Land on which the Meeting Hows now standeth." This " Meet- ing Hows " stood seventy-one years, and but for the '' lust of the eye and the pride of life " would proba- bly be there to-day — and would be worth all the public buildings in Mendham. It was torn down to make place for a fine church. An anecdote of preacher and ruling elder in this quaint old meeting-house may round out the picture. It is re- lated of Rev. Mr. Joline that he was fond of giving a course of sermons on some one doctrine, and it is said that he occupied nearly one whole winter with a course of sermons on the doctrine of election. On a certain occasion, in the midst of his discourse. Elder Samuel Mcllrath, a tall, thin, dignified Scotchman, wearing a white skull cap to cover his baldness, arose in his seat and exclaimed with great earnestness, " Mr. Joline, that is false doctrine!" This old church was struck by lightning on the Sab- bath day May i6th 1813, and Mrs. John Drake was in- stantly killed ai)d several of the congregation were severely injured. It was taken down in 1816 and a new one built on the same site. This house was accidentally destroyed by fire in 1835. A new church built in 1835 was burnt in 1859. The present church was dedicated February tst i860. Rev. John Pierson, the second pastor of this church, was installed in 1753. His grandfather Abraham Pier- son graduated at Cambridge, England, in 1632, was or- dained in the Episcopal church, preached a short time at Newark, England, emigrated to the New World, was settled at Branford, in Connecticut, and came in 1666, with almost his entire congregation, to Milford on the Passaic in New Jersey. The place was afterward called Newark in his honor. His son Abraham graduated at Cambridge and was the father of the second pastor of Mendham church. John Pierson was born in Newark, N. J., in 1689; graduated at Yale in 1711 and was pastor here ten years. These facts are related with some par- ticularity as they show that the Mendham people in those early days sought out able men to be their teachers; they admired thoroughly educated, scholarly men, and this proves that they themselves were not altogether deficient in scholarly attainments. It is, in fact, probable that there has been more ripe scholarship developed in Mend- ham than in any other village of its size in New Jersey. The third pastor was Rev. Francis Peppard, a native of Ireland and a graduate of Nassau Hall in 1762. He was ordained here in 1764. During his ministry Watts's psalms and hymns were first introduced, and this gave great offense to the older members of the congregation- Old Elder Cummins among others would leave the house during singing. The first record extant relating to this church and congregation is an old trustee's book bound in parchment. On the inside of the cover is this in- scription: " Mendom Congregation Book, Bought Aug. 2ist 1766, Price Six shillings York." On November 20th 1766 there is this minute, which is the second one on record: "The Congregation mett & chose Jno Cary Moderator. "Preposed whether the Rev. Mr. Francis Pepard sh'd 248 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. be continued where he Now lives & Build on that place voted in the affirmative. " Preposed to find Three tun of Good hea for Mr. Pe- pard yearly until the congregation can provide other ways voted in the affirmative. " Preposed to chose three men and afterwards chose two more to project and carry on the Building of Mr. Pepards House. f Thomas Husy 1 I James Jonston 1 " Elected ■{ Jno. Gary j-Gommitteemen." Zebulon Riggs 1 (^Benj. Pitney J In 1767 Rev. Mr. Peppard asked to be dismissed, and John Gary, Elizabeth Beach, Ezra Gary, Zebulon Riggs and David Thompson were elected a committee to go to presbytery with Mr. Peppard. About this time Demas Lindley, Jacob Cook and Lu- ther Axtell — son of Henry the blacksmith — removed to Washington county. Pa. There were many other Mend- ham families who went then and subsequently to that part of Pennsylvania, and some of these afterward into Ohio. Two of the daughters of Elder Samuel Mc'Ilrath were of tliis emigration. Sarah married, an Englishman by the name of Shaw and Isabella married a Mr. Wood- ruff, of Mendham. We find from the church records that on the 15th of August 1781, at Ten Mile, Pa., a church was organized in the open air near the foot of the mountain; and Demas Lindley, Jacob Cook, Joseph Cook and Daniel Axtell were ordained elders. This little Mendham colony suf- fered much from Indians, and it was not till 1783, on the 3d of May, that the Lord's Supper was first administered, in Daniel Axtell's barn. Truly these were heroic souls and life to them had deepest meanings. To this church, so established as a branch from the vine in Mend- ham, Rev. Thaddeus Dod ministered. He was born in Mendham, graduated at Princeton in 1773, and settled in the ministry at Ten Mile or Amity, Washington county, Pa. He married Phebe Baldwin, of Mendham, and was the second Presbyterian minister west of the Alleghanies. He died at Ten Mile in 1793. Many of the descendants of Luther Axtell and these Mendham families still reside in Washington county. It is a noticeable fact that in all the Mendham parish meetings for twenty years from 1766, with but three or four exceptions, John Gary was chosen moderator. October 3d 1768 the congregation " preposed " and voted to call Rev. Thomas Lewis, and " preposed " to give him one hundred pounds salary, " light money, the use of the parsonage and his firewood at the door." Mr. Lewis was a graduate of Yale, of the class of 1741. The next pastor was Rev. John Joline, 1778-95. Mr. Hastings says: " During the pastorate of Rev. John Joline two young men began to appear in active life who have especial claim upon our attention. I refer to Rev. Henry Axtell, D. D., and Rev. Henry Cook, two honored sons of this church." Dr. Axtell was a grandson of Henry the blacksmith, who came to Mendham in 1739. He mar- ried Hannah Cook, sister of Rev. Henry and daughter of Daniel Cook. He built the house opposite the present parsonage and taught one of the best schools Mendham ever had, in a building that was erected for him near the site of the present academy. He removed to Geneva, Ontario county, N. Y., and died there in 1829. Mr. Hastings says of Dr. Axtell: "He was in every respect a very superior man, and must hold very high rank among the sons of Mendham church." Rev. Henry Cook was a very worthy pastor, and was settled over the Presbyterian church at Metuchen, N. J. The next pastor was Rev. Amzi Armstrong, who was installed in 1796 and remained with the church twenty years. He was not only a very distinguished man but had the faculty of impressing his peculiar views more distinctly upon his people than any other of the long line of able and distinguished clergymen who have ministered to this church. Mr. Armstrong is loved and revered to this day by the Mendham people. After him came Samuel H. Cox, in 1817; Philip C. Hay, 1821; John Vanlieu, 1824; Daniel H- Johnson, 1826; Thomas S. Hastings, 1852;= Theodore F. White, 1856; David McGee, Sanford H Smith and the Rev. Mr. Cochran. Educational. The schools of Mendham have been exceptionally good. The first academy, as we have seen, was estab- lished by Rev. Henry Axtell, D. D., about 1795. Since that day Mendham has never been without good schools. Ezra Fairchild, a graduate of Amherst, Mass., son of Deacon Ebenezer (" Boss") Fairchild, of Brookside, and grandson of Caleb, of Morristown, had a very successful private academy, known as Hill Top, and William Rankin is also very pleasantly remembered as a good man and faithful educator. Under these and other worthy men Mendham fitted many of her sons for college. The fol- lowing named men, sons of Mendham parentage and who were fitted for college in Mendham, may be men- tioned: Rev. Henry Axtell, D. D., and his three sons, Daniel, Henry and Charles; Silas, Henry and Samuel Beach Axtell; Rev. Albert B. Dod, of Princeton; Rev. William Armstrong Dod, and Revs. Thaddeus, Cephas, Charles, Lebbeus and Luther, descendants of Stephen Dod of Mendham; Rev. Ephraim Dod Saunders and Josephus Saunders; Rev. Elias Riggs; Rev. W. J. Arm- strong, D. D., son of Dr. Amzi Armstrong; and Revs. Frederick Knighton, EHas Fairchild, Joseph Vance, Elijah Fairchild, William Babbitt, Walter Nicholas, Aaron Wolfe and Stephen Thompson. The number of children of suitable age to attend school, between 5 and 18, in 1880 was 504, distributed as follows: Ralstonville, 41; Union, 120; Mendham, 132- Mountain, .47; Brookside, 109; Washington Corners, 55. The total value of school property in the township is $7,700. Average number of months the schools have kept open, gyi. Average male teachers' wages, $35 ; women's, $23. MONTVILLE TOWNSHIP. By Hon. John L. Kanofse. ^ HIS township was formed in 1867, from terri- tory set off from Pequannock. It is bounded north by Pequannock township, east by Pe- quannock township and the Passaic River, south by the Rockaway River and west by the Rockaway River and Boonton township. It is about four miles in width, and nine miles long; in area it is twice as large as Boonton township, and not quite half as large as Pequannock; in proportion to its area it has more tillable land than either Boon- ton or Pequannock. The extreme southern part peninsular in form, being nearly surrounded by the Rock- away and Passaic Rivers, consists of what is called the Pine Brook flats, and is a level tract with soil of sandy loam free from stone, which, when properly cultivatedi is productive. This part of the township is about thir- teen miles from Newark, with which it is connected by a good road, which for three-quarters of the distance consists of a Telford pavement. The soil in the rest of this township consists mainly of- loam on clay bottom, and is generally productive in grass, grain, vegetables and fruit. The farmers in the southern part are engaged largely in the production of milk to supply the Newark market, and in the more central parts considerable quan- tities of butter, eggs, poultry, pork, beef, hay and straw are produced for market. For some years past consider- able attention has been given to planting choice fruit trees, and some are beginning to reap the benefits in apples and pears, which generally yield a good return. The land in this township is chiefly rolling; the northern part is principally rough, mountainous woodland; the highest points in the northeastern part are the Waughan Mountains and Turkey Mountain. In the southeastern part is the Hook Mountain range; between this and the Passaic River is a fertile strip of farming land with a southeastern exposure and sloping to the river, called Passaic Valley. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad and the Morris Canal pass cen- trally from west to east through the township. A small stream called Stony Brook passes through the north- western part, and empties into the Rockaway River above Powerville; another brook, rising near Turkey Mountain, flows through the village of Montville and down the val- ley, emptying into the Rockaway River about half a mile below the Dutch Reformed church. This latter stream at Montville village affords some water power, which is about the only power afforded by any stream in the township, excepting that furnished by the Rockaway River for a short distance on the western boundary. In Passaic Valley, near the line of Pequannock town- s-hip, is a quarry of red sandstone, belonging to John H. Vreeland, a descendant of Hartman Vreeland, who was one of the first settlers in this region. This quarry is remarkable for rocks found there, containing apparently the tracks of a bird as large as the ostrich; some fine specimens have been obtained, and one may be seen in the State geological museum at Trenton. In the northern part of this township, near Turkey Mountain, is a quarry from which quantities of limestone have been taken. to supply the furnaces at Boonton, and for making lime for agricultural and other purposes. The majority of this stone is quite white. Asbestos and also some very hand- some specimens of serpentine stone are found here; this is the only deposit of limestone known anywhere in this vicinity. The population of this township in 1870 was 1,353 white and 50 colored, total 1,403; in 1875 it was 1,412 white and 31 colored, total 1,443; ^^ 1880 the total pop- ulation was 1,269, showing a decrease in five years of 174; this decrease no doubt is accounted for in part by the stoppage of the Boonton iron works in 1876, as some of the employes at those works lived at Montville. The as- sesors' figures for 1881 were as follows: Acres, 11,302; valuation of real estate, $459,226; personal property, $118,989; debt, $36,665; polls, 304; State school tax, $1,378-57; county tax, $1,288.69; bounty tax, $1,403.78; road tax, $1,200. The brook that runs through what is now known as Up- per Montville and down the valley, emptying into the Rockaway River below the Dutch Reformed church, was known among the early settlers by the name of "Owl Kill." It is a tortuous stream and often overflows much of the adjoining land, rendering it. rich natural meadow. Along the banks of this stream stood many large trees, which in olden times were a favorite resort for owls; these birds feed principally upon mice, and doubtless were at- 250 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. traded to this place by the large number of mice that burrowed in the soft grounds of the adjoining meadows. Hence this stream, about two miles in length, came to be called "Owl Kill;" from the peculiar pronunciation of the Dutch this was changed to " Uylekill," and the valley as well as the brook was known by that name. This account of the matter is corroborated by Levi Stiles, now 85 years old, who was born and has al- ways lived in this vicinity. We find this view further confirmed by documentary evidence, which is more relia- ble than mere memory. Humphry Davenport, one of the first settlers in this vicinity, came here in 1714, a granddaughter of his was on January ist 1754 married to Jacob Bovie, and she is recorded as born in " Uyle- kill." This is taken from a certified copy of the church record at Aquackanock. Early Residents and Enterprises. The settlement at what is known as Upper Montville was made at a very early date, and there is some reason to believe that the first grist-mill in this vicinity was erected there. The records of Pequannock show that on October 2nd 1745 a road was laid out " from the corner at Cornelius Doreraus's to the corner at Nicholas Hyler's, and then along the line between Hyler and Peter Fred- ericks to a white oak tree, and thence across the brook, and thence as the path goeth to Michael Cook's mill." This shows that a grist-mill was at Montville prior to 1745, and that it belonged to Michael Cook; and it appears that Michael Cook was then an old resident, and was elected to a town office as early as 1749. There is reason, therefore, to believe that he had built a mill there some time before that date, or that his immediate prede- cessor built it, perhaps as early as 1720. About 1787 we find that this mill and a saw-mill were owned by John Pierson and Elijah Dod, the latter a son of Caleb Dod who lived at Horse Neck, in Caldwell township, Essex county, at a point now called Clinton. Elijah Dod came there when a young man, and soon afterward erected a dwelling, the same that is now the residence of the widow of Frederick W. Cook. The last named was a son of Silas Cook, who bought the property after the death of Elijah Dod, which occurred February 3d 1807. Elijah Dod left four daughters; the eldest married William Scott, the next married Joseph Scott jr. (brother of William), the third became the wife of John G. Kanouse and the youngest married Lewis King; the two latter are still living, one aged 80 and the other 77. Silas Cook came to Montville about 1795. His first wife was a daughter of Martin Morrison, who resided near Lower Montville. By this marriage he had two daughters, one of whom married Cornelius Van Orden and the other Swain A. Condit. His second wife was a daughter of John Salter, who lived in that vicinity. His first purchase of property at Montville was one-quarter of the cider-mill and distillery belonging to Zadoc Baldwin, a resident of Caldwell, Essex county. This he bought June 8th 1798. The following year Baldwin sold another quarter to Cook, who soon became the sole owner of the distillery, and after the death of Elijah Dod became the owner of the grist-mill and also of a part of the saw-mill. When Zadoc Baldwin sold to Cook a part of the distillery he made a reserve of sufficient ground in the rear of the cider-mill to erect a tannery. His plans as to a tannery here were not carried out, but two years after that his son, Elijah Baldwin, bopght a site from Thomas Fred- ericks, about a quarter of a mile distant, and there built a bark mill and tannery. Considerable bark was pur- chased and ground here and sold to tanners in Newark, besides what was used on the premises in tanning. Elijah Baldwin sold half of his bark-mill and tannery to his brother Bethuel, who sold his share to Martin Van Duyne. The latter purchased for his two sons Cornelius M. and John M. Van Duyne. Quite a large business in bark and tanning was carried on here for many years, but since the death of Elijah Baldwin comparatively little has been done. The mill and tannery are still used by Moses A. Baldwin, a younger son of Elijah Baldwin. In the cider-mill of Silas Cook apples in large quanti- ties were ground in the old-fashioned way, being crushed by a heavy wooden wheel passing over them in a circu- lar trough, and for many years a large business in cider- making and distilling was done here. Whiskey was pre- pared in various forms; by the addition of little scorched sugar a color was given to it, and then it was called cider brandy and sold for 25 per cent. more. In those days they made what was called "cherry;" this was made by putting a quantity of black cherries and wild cherries into a barrel of whiskey, which imparted a deep red color and a cherry flavor to the liquor. After steeping for a time the liquor was drawn off and the cherries thrown out. In those days it was the general practice to allow swine to run at large upon the public streets; although it is said a hog will not drink whiskey, these cherries thrown out appeared to attract them, and after they had eaten of the highly seasoned fruit it was amusing to notice them as they would begin to jump about, stagger, squeal, and grunt, and then lie in the gutters, the result being quite illustrative of the effects of whiskey upon human beings. About 1809 Conrad Estler bought a lot from Henry I. Vanness and opened a small store at Montville, the first store kept there; he carried on business here for a num- ber of years, dealing considerably in hooppoles. On the first of April 1812 Benjamin L. and Stephen Condit bought 23.60 acres of land of Daniel T. Peer at Mont- ville, and proceeded to erect a bark mill and tannery. On the 15th of April 1813 they sold to their brothers Nathaniel O. and Timothy D. Condit, who came from Orange, Essex county, and carried on here the bark and tanning business for several years. About 1827, when the Morris Canal was being built, N. O. Condit took out a license for a tavern. The building first occupied by him, a long one-story structure, stood on the site of the present tavern-house, which was built by N. O. Condit- he continued to keep a public house here for about thirty years. After the setting off of Rockaway township, in 1844, this was the place for holding town meetings and elections in Pequannock to 1867; since that time it RtSIDENCL & FLOURING MILL OF A J.B ZABRISKIE, MONTVILLE MORRIS CO., 2 INDUSTRIAL HISTORY OF MONTVILLE. 251 has been the place for transacting tlie public business of Montville township. From 1800 to 1820 Montville village was a hamlet con- taining about sixteen dwellings, two bark-mills and tan- neries, three saw-mills, one grist-mill, a cider-mill and distillery, a blacksmith shop, a carpenter and wheelwright shop, and one small store, which tended to make the place a business center for a circuit of several miles. Since that time one tannery and bark- mill and two saw- mills have gone down and disappeared. In the place of one saw-mill has recently been erected a large brick building occupied as a rubber factory, at which steam and water power are used; and near the site of another saw-mill a small grist-mill has been erected. The village now contains about forty dwellings, one saw-mill, two grist-mills, one bark-mill and tannery, one rubber factory, two blacksmith shops, two taverns, and two small stores. The great distillery was discontinued in 1825, when the building cjf the Morris Canal was commenced. This canal passes through the village, and in half a mile descends 150 feet by two inclined planes; the lower plane passes over part of the ground where the old dis- tillery stood. Although this hamlet is not so great a business center as formerly for the surrounding country, yet the increase in the number of dwellings, their im- proved condition, and the generally neat appearance of their surroundings, indicate a greater degree of thrift and comfort. The town records show that in October 1749 a road was laid out, beginning at Michael Cook's mill, and fun- ning across and along lands of Nicholas Hyler, Martin Van Duyne, Conrad Fredericks and John Miller to the river, and down the river, in the words of the record, " as thepath runs to the bridge near John Davenport's.". No mention being made of a grist-mill where Zabriskie's mill now stands, it is probable no mill was there at that time. The words of the description warrant the inference that this whole region was then mostly a wilderness; paths leading to and from the mill, which could only be traversed by horses carrying the grist in bags on their backs. The John Davenport mentioned was a son of Humphrey Davenport, who settled in this vicinity in 17 14. John Davenport at the time lived near the brook where the road turns in to Starkey's woolen factory. Zabriskie's grist-mill stands at the beginning corner of the tract of 750 acres purchased by Humphrey Daven- port in 1714; the exact date of the erection of a mill here we are unable to determine. For many years this mill was known as Duryea's mill. Daniel Duryea, who came from Harrington, Bergen county, on the 7th of July 1785, purchased from Albert Alyea 120 acres of land, having on it this grist-mill and a saw-mill, for which he paid ;^i,2oo, equal to $3,000; this tract immediately ad- joined on the north the large tract bought by Humphrey Davenport in 1714. Albert Alyea had purchased it from David Brower in 1781, and Brower bought jt from Peter Tise. It is probable a grist-mill and a saw-mill were erected here about 1760, shortly after. the laying, out and opening of public roads- to that point.- Daniel Duryea died in 1804, and left surviving three sons — Peter, Richard and Garret. To Peter he devised a part of his lands, including these mills and his homestead dwelling, which stood on the corner opposite the mill, where Za- briskie's residence stands; the old homestead was an old- fashioned long stone house, of the Dutch cottage style. Peter Duryea lived here many years and died without chil- dren, leaving this property to Josiah Zabriskie; from Za- briskie it descended to his younger son, Albert J. Zabris- kie, the present owner. The old mill was a small affair, with one run of stones, driven by an undershot wheel; the fall in the river at this point is about five feet. Some years ago a new mill with two runs of stones was erected in place of the old one, and a turbine wheel substituted. This mill has since. been enlarged and greatly improved, ■ and is one of the best'in this vicinity. About a mile down the river there is an old woolen fac- tory, erected about 1809 for a carding and fulling mill by Nicholas J. Hyler and Leonard Davenport, who at the same time built here a saw-mill on land purchased from Abraham Davenport. In 1812 Hyler bought Dav- fenport's interest; in 1815' he died, and his administra- tors sold the property in 1816 to Joseph Scott; the latter on the 3d of April 1827 sold it to Benjamin Crane and Ezekiel B. Gaines, who sold to Benjamin Starkey, the present owner. Within the present year (188 r) a distillery for making apple whiskey has been started near Montville, which is the only one in this township and the only one that has existed anywhere in this vicinity for more than forty years. Prior to 1825 distilleries were numerous and the use of whiskey was quite general among the people. In 1815 Congress, in order to meet the expenses of the war of 1812, passed an act authorizing a direct tax, and we find the old distillery owned by Silas Cook noted as No. 90 in the second collection district. A circumstance serv- ing to show the influence of public sentiment over the administration of law is worthy of notice. In a neighbor- hood about one and a half miles east of Montville, called " Doremus Town," there were in 1827 three dwellings within a few yards of each other (the only dwellings in the place) and each one was licensed as a tavern; about a mile further east another was licensed, and a mile and a half beyond this two more were licensed. Scarcely any of them were fitted and they probably wr-° not ex- pected to answer the legitimate purposes of a tavern as required by law, but were merely used for the purpose of selling liquor to the laborers engaged in constructing the canal. From the description of property in old deeds it appears that between 1800 and 1810 an attempt was made to name the cluster .of three or four houses at Pine Brook, where George D. Mead keeps a store, " Union Village;" but as a village failed to grow up the name was dropped and has been forgotten. At this point a tavern was kept over eighty years, and for many years it did a legitimate and profitable business in the accommoda- tion of " Sussex teams," as they were called, which in large numbers-used to pass this way-to-ward Newark with 34 252 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. loads of flour, feed, grain, butter, pork, and other pro- duce from Sussex, Warren, and the upper parts of Morris county. The opening of railroads in various directions has produced a great change, and for the benefit of the farmers, as the transportation by rail is cheaper and more expeditious. Now vury few teams are employed in such transportation, and there is scarcely any legitimate business for a tavern at this point. There are only two taverns in Montville township, and four stores — one at Pine Brook, two at Montville and one at White Hall; there are post-offices at Pine Brook, Montville and Whitehall. About the year 1785 Nathaniel Gaines, a young man, settled near Pine Brook, on the old road, a few hundred yards below the present school-house. He had served in the Revolutionary war as a cavalryman, and was with General Stark at the battle of Bennington, Vermont. He was a native of Connecticut, and was a nailer by trade. A nailer in those days was one who made nails by hand, hammering each out on an anvil, as nail-cutting machines had not then been invented. There are persons living, born and brought up in that neighborhood, who say they well remember frequently hearing the ring of Gaines's hammer on his anvil in the morning as soon as it was light, going to show that he was an industrious man. Those were days of comparatively low prices for labor, and the surrounding circumstances were such that if a person would support himself and family comfortably and accumulate property he must apply himself with unceas- ing industry. Gaines married a daughter of Ezekiel Baldwin, who lived in that neighborhood, and had sev- eral children. His oldest son, Ezekiel Baldwin Gaines, was born near Pine Brook, October loth 1791. He was educated for a physician, studied medicine with Dr. John S. Darcy at Hanover, and was licensed in 1814. He first practiced with Dr. Darcy at Hanover; from there he went to Parsippany, and for a few years he was in partnership with Dr. Stephen Fairchild. From Parsip- pany he removed in 1818 to Lower Montville, where he resided and practiced his profession about thirty-seven years. In 1855 he removed td Boonton, and in 1861 he was appointed postmaster there, in which capacity he served for several years; when, owing to advanced years and declining health, he retired from active life. He died at Boonton on the 31st of March 1881. Silas Cook, being an educated man and a person of good natural ability, possessed an influence among the people of his neighborhood. In 1806 he was appointed one of the judges of the county court, and for nearly forty years almost continuously held that office; at the same time he was a justice of the peace, and for a term represented the county in the upper house of the State Legislature. Schools. There are five school districts in this township — at Pine Brook, Lower Montville, Upper Montville, White Hall and Taylortown. The school-houses are all nearly new buildings, and with the exception of that at Taylor- town are furnished with improved desks and seats. The total value of school property in this township is estimated at $9,500. Since the formation of the township these schools have been entirely free, and have been kept open generally during the school year. For a more particular history of these schools prior to 1867 the reader is referred to the history of education in Pequannock township. Methodist Episcopal Churches. In Montville township there are four churches — two Methodist and two Reformed. The Methodist church at Pine Brook was erected about 1843, and the congregation is the largest of that denomination in the township. The society has a neat and commodious parsonage near the church, and maintains a settled pastor. The other Methodist church, at Whitehall, is a neat edifice erected about 185 1; this congregation has no par- sonage, but maintains a pastor and includes in its limits those of that denomination in the northern and central parts of this township. Reformed Churches. The oldest church in this township is the Reformed church at Lower Montville. This church organization was started at Old Boonton, about 1756, and shortly af- terward a church edifice was erected there, which stood about five hundred yards directly north from where stands the Morris county poor-house. Prior to the erection of the church meetings were held in a log school-house that stood near that place. Feeble in the beginning this or- ganization had no settled minister, but was supplied oc- casionally by preachers from other churches. Indeed, the history of these early congregations shows that finan- cially they were weak, and under the necessity of making a joint effort to support a settled minister. But this was not the only reason. The church history in- forms us that about this time there were nearly twice as many church organizations of this denomination as there were regularly licensed and approved ministers; conse- quently it was a matter of compulsion that several should unite in calling a minister conjointly. Rev. David Marinus, who was called to serve at Acquackanonk and Pompton conjointly in 1752, occasionally preached at Old Boonton. From 1762 to 1767 Rev. Cornelius Blaw, of the ■' Conferentic " party, served this church conjointly with those at Fairfield, Totowa and Pompton. From 1772 to 1791 the pulpit was supplied occasionally by Rev. Hermanus Meyer, who was the settled pastor at To- towa and Pompton Plains. In 1794 this church united with that at the Plains in calling Rev. Stephen Ostrander, who preached at Old Boonton one quarter of the time for about seven years. In 1801 this congregation appointed a committee, con- sisting of Silas Cook, Edmund Kingsland, Richard Dur- yea and Henry Van Ness, and authorized them to pur- chase a place for a parsonage; and on the 13th of April that year they bought of Samuel Stiles a house and about twenty-two acres of land at Lower Montville, near the REFORMED CHURCHES OF MONTVILLE. 253 residence of Richard Duryea. It is said this parsonage was occupied briefly by a Rev. W. P. Kuypers, who preached from 1801 to 1805 at Old Boonton. Little use was made of this place as a parsonage, and the records show that Silas Cook, Henry Van Ness, and Edmund Kingsland, a committee appointed by the congregation for the purpose, sold it by deed dated February 8th 1805 to Dr. George Wurts, who resided there about thirty-five years, until his death. When Rev. Mr. Ostrander became the pastor this church took the necessary course to become incorporated, and as a matter of interest we copy from the records the following: "We the ministers, elders, and deacons of the Reformed Dutch Congregation at Boonton do certify that the said congregation is named the First Reformed Dutch Congregation at Boonton; and we hereby wish the same to be recorded in the clerk's office of the county of Morris, agreeable to an act of the Legislature of the State of New Jersey passed November 25th 1789; as wit- ness our hands and seals this — day of November 1795." Signed by Stephen Ostrander, V. D. M., and by Lucas Von Beverhoudt, Jacob Kanous sen., Jacob Romine, and Michael Cook as elders, and by Jacob Kanous jr., Frederick Miller and Henry Mourison as deacons. After 1805 this church seems to have been served with preachers occasionally from other churches. Alden's Register reports the pulpit of the church at Boon- ton as vacant in 1810 and 181 1. Rev. John Duryea, who was settled at Fairfield, occasionally preached at Boonton from about 1812 to 1816. Levi Stiles, now over 85 years old, relates his recollection of an incident connected with Mr. Duryea's preaching at Boonton. In the beginning of the war of 181 2, in the course of his sermon one Sunday, suddenly digressing, in an animated appeal to the people he broke fonh with the exclamation, " Young men, one and all, gird on your swords and rush to the war!" This, Mr. Stiles says, surprised many and gave offense to some of those present. About this time the people began to agitate the ques- tion of building a new church, and in order to have it more central to the congregation it was determined' to remove to the present location at Montville. Preparatory to this end the church edifice at Boonton was taken down, in order that such parts of the material as were found sound and available might be used in the new structure; and about the year 1818 a new church was built on a site on the north side of the road and directly opposite the present church, and it was opened for ser- vices the next year. The land for the site and for a burial ground was obtained from Garret Duryea, and the quantity first bought was forty-hundredths of an acre; the church edifice was erected before the deed for the land was made out, which bears date October 8th 1819. This edifice was in dimensions about 30 by 50 fifty feet, and was two stories in height, with a steeple in front, and finished inside with a double row of pews on each side of a central aisle, with a side and end gallery; built after the old style with a heavy frame of white oak tim- ber it was a very substantial building. It served this conWegation thirty-eight years, and when it was removed in 1856 most of the timber in the frame was found to be sound, although some of it had been in use at Boonton and Montville nearly a hundred years. After the removal to Montville the first minister set- tled as the pastor was James G. Brinckerhoof; he began about 182 1 and continued until 1824, when disturbances arose in the congregation touching doctrinal points, from which a division resulted, a portion, with whom Mr. Brinckerhoof sided, going off and forming an organiza- tion which they called '' The True Reformed Dutch Church." By this party a house for worship was erected soon after about two miles south on the road to Pine Brook. The differences which led to a separation are plainly set forth in the deed given for the ground on which the church stands. We copy the following from the record of the deed, bearing date October 8th 1827: " Henry Mourison to the trustees of the True Reformed Dutch Church at Montville * * *:" "The party of the first part, desirous to promote and advance the cause and interests of the true religion in general, and particularly to encourage the above men- tioned society and congregation, holding and maintaining the doctrines hereinafter mentioned, for and in consider- ation of the premises, and also in consideration of five dollars, have sold and conveyed to the trustees of the True Reformed Dutch Church of Montville and their successors in office, to and for the use of the said society or congregation above mentioned, a certain tract of land, &c., to have and hold the same so long as said trustees and their successors in office or any three of them do and shall truly, faithfully, and sincerely hold thereto and maintain the following Christian doctrines, that is to say: " The total depravity of the sinner, he having no natural ability to serve and worship God acceptably. " The definite atonement of our Lord Jesus Christ, in his name having made satisfaction only for the elect of God. " Regeneration wrought by the Spirit of God alone, and justification by faith in the merits of the Lord Jesus Christ, in contradistinction to that or those denomination or denominations of Christians who hold and maintain the following doctrines, that is to say: " The natural ability of the sinner to love and worship God acceptably. "The indefinite atonement of the Lord Jesus Christ in his having (as they maintain) made satisfaction not only for the elect but for the non-elect also in a certain sense." This congregation, small in the beginning and without much increase in numbers, has maintained its organization for over half a century. It has a small house of worship, kept in good repair; has had no settled minister for many years, but occasionally supplies, and meetings weekly. After the division in the church at Montville as stated the pulpit was next occupied by Rev. Abraham Mesler as a supply for about two years; then by Rev. J. Ford Morris and Rev. John G. Tarbell for a short time. Next Rev. Mr. Ogiivy occupied the pulpit as pastor for about one year. Then followed Rev. Abraham Mesler again, but this time as pastor at Pompton Plains and this church for about three years, to 1832. Next came the pastorate of Rev. Frederick F. Cornell, continuing about three years, to 1836; Rev. Mr. Woods was then pastor about a year; Rev. Jeremiah S. Lord about four years, to 1843; Rev. John L. Janeway about seven years, to 1850; Rev.'Na- thaniel Conklin about nineteen years; Rev. Luther H.Van Doren about three years, to 1874; Rev. J. H. Collier about five years, to 1879. I" ''''^' y^^r Rev. James Kemlo, a young licentiate of Rutgers and an ordained minister, was called, and he is the present pastor. In 1856 this congregation, thinking more church room necessary, purchased ground on the opposite side of the road, and erected the present church edifice. MOUNT OLIVE TOWNSHIP. By Eev. B. W. Stoddakd, D. D. ^ HIS township was taken from the western part of Roxbury, March 22nd 1871. Its east line begins at Chester township near Levi Har- vey's farm, and takes a northerly course to the Musconetcong at the gates of the reser- voir near Stanhope, two and a half miles from Lake Hopatcong. The spur of the Schooley's Mountain range on which the churches are located was called Mount Olive for thirty years before it became the center of the township to which it gave its name. Previ- ously it was called Rattletown. Benjamin Olive, who located land near the churches, really gave name to the neighborhood. The population of Mount Olive in 1875 was 1,760, and jn 1880 1,982. Other statistics were furnished by the assessors in 1881, as follows: Area of the township, 18,- 317 acres; valuation of real estate, $756,200; personal property, $237,504; debt, $137,025; polls, 428; State school tax, $2,176.71; county tax, $2,036.18; road tax, $1,500; poor tax, $200. The surface of Mount Olive is even more hilly than that of Roxbury, as it contains more of Schooley's Mountain. A large portion is capable of cultivation, and other parts afford good pasturage. Wood and timber are grown in some localities, thirty years being about the average time. This township has the honor of being crossed by that ancient line dividing East and West Jersey; it extends from its extreme northern border through the center to its southern border near Bartleyville. In the center of this township is a beautiful sheet of water, called by the Indians Kankankianning or Little Pond, but known to summer tourists as Budd's Lake. It is about three miles in circumference and is easily ap- proached on all sides. There is a gradual descent toward the lake for about half a mile all around it, but in no instance does the land rise more than 150 feet. The sources of its supply of water it is not easy to determine. There are no considerable streams running into it, no large springs near its border, no extent of marshy ground near it, and yet there is a continuous outflow of water to the south branch of the Raritan near Bartleyville. The Musconetcong flows from Lake Hopatcong on the northern border of Mount Olive. The South Branch enters this township near Flanders, where there is a beautiful valley nearly a mile and a half in width. The scenery of this valley from the hills westward and toward the Mount Olive churches is rarely equaled. At Flanders and Bartleyville there are several mills grinding feed, large quantities of which are sent by teams to Dover and Mine Hill and the surrounding iron- mining regions. One is located on a small stream com- ing from the hills northwest of Flanders, and can be used only a part of the time. Two others and a saw- mill are located on the South Branch in Flanders, and two on a stream which is the outlet of Budd's Lake and enters the South Branch at Bartleyville. One of these is a mile up the ravine and is known as the Richard Ste- vens property. May isth 1713 Peter Garbut and Francis Breck lo- cated 2,500 acres of land, a part of which is now in Mount Olive township. Next John Reading located 250 acres which includes the northern half of Budd's Lake. In 1752 Ebenezer Large located 1,725 acres north of Budd's Lake. It extended from what is called the Mary Nor- ris tract westward toward Hackettstown. This is now nearly all owned by Archer Stevens's heirs. On land owned by J. S. Wills stands a white oak bearing the in- itials M. N. I. P. It marks the corner of lands belong- ing to Mary Norris and Israel Pemberlon. In 17 14 John Budd located 1,000 acres of land on which Flan- ders now stands. In 1757 Martin Ryerson located 218 acres, lying north of Budd's Lake, and south of and ad- joining the Large tract. The Iron Industry. Samuel Heaton and three brothers came to Mount Olive previous to 1753 from Wrentham, Mass., to set up iron works. How extensively he operated is not known, nor how successfully; but this mountain range is rich in iron and has been worked at intervals ever since. In 1846 the Crane Iron Company opened mines on land be- longing to Aaron and Charles Salmon. Several thousand ;tons of ore were raised entirely free from sulphur. When sulphur was found in the ore the mine was abandoned, the process of burning it out not yet being in use. In H)- The Bartlet Foundry and Machine Shops. Wm Bartlet & Sons , Manufacturers of Grist and Saw-Mill Gearing:, Turbine Waterwbeels and Iron Penstocks, Steam Engines, Portable Grist and Saw-MlUs, Corn Crackers, Bark Mills, Tire Benders, &c. Bartleyville, N. J. =^i^ V IRON MINES IN MOUNT OLIVE— VILLAGES— CMURCttES. 255 1848 A. A. Drake and Jacob Yager opened ii mine on the property of Aaron Salmon jr., which is now worked by the Mount Olive Iron Company. The surface or red ore was very rich and free from sulphur. The deeper ore, containing sulphur, was less valuable and the mine was abandoned. At this time the lease was held by the Musconetcong Iron Company, of Stanhope. In 1864 the Lehigh Crane Iron Company leased the mine and raised over 1,000 tons, when it abandoned the under- taking. In 1869 A. A. Drake leased it and raised about 5,000 tons. In 1873 the National Iron Company leased the mine, raised about 1,000 tons, and failed. A. L. Sal- mon acted as superintendent for this company, and opened in this mine the largest vein ever discovered on this hill. The- widest opening was 20 feet. The lease was assigned to A. L. Salmon to secure him against loss. In 1873 Peter Uhler, of Glendon, Pa., purchased of Mr. Salmon a half interest in the mine, and about 5,000 tons of ore were raised in two years, the ore being used by Uhler at his furnaces in Glendon, Pa. The mine was idle four years. In 1879 William George and B. K. and G. W. Stickle, the present Mount Olive Iron Company, leased the mine, which is now yielding large quantities of ore. The same company is also working the John Drake and Jacob Yager mines, which lie near by on the west. The heirs of Charles Salmon own a mine lying east, which is now worked by Henry G. Miller. On the ad- joining farm Peter Salmon's heirs have a mine, opened by A. A. Drake in 1861, leased by the Crane Iron Com- pany and worked till 1865. In 1870 this mine was leased by the Musconetcong Iron Company. It is not now worked. In 1847 A. A. Drake discovered the Osborn mine. The ore contains sulphur and has not been worked for ten years. On the outlet of Budd's Lake are the ruins of two bloom forges for the manufacture of charcoal iron, which were among the earliest in this township and Roxbury. At Bartleyville proper is an iron foundry and machine shop for the manufacture of mill castings, machinery and plows, meeting the ordinary wants of the farming and mining community. This foundry is owned and worked by William Bartley. In years past these hills furnished large quantities of charcoal, but the demand at present ent is more for railroad ties and timber. Villages and Post-Offices. Flanders in its beautiful valley is the largest settlement in the township. About fifty houses lie within a mile of the churches. The first school-house was of logs, and was built in the last century. It was located where the store of D. A. Nicholas now stands. The deed of the present school-house lot was given August loth 1805, the buyers paying four dollars for one-fourth of an acre. It is near the High Bridge Railroad. The house now in use is the second on the site, and is well adapted to ed- ucational purposes. The post-office was established July 27th 1822. The first postmaster was Henry Halsey; the present one is D. A. Nicholas. Mount Olive has two churches, a school-house and four dwellings within a quarter of a mile. Its post- office was established in 1872. R. H. Stevens has been the only postmaster. Miss E. H. Stevens is assistant postmaster. At B.udd's Lake about twenty houses cluster near Sharp's large boarding-house. The capacity of this house is 150, and its location upon the lake is exceed- ingly beautiful. The post-offioe was established in 1857 and the first postmaster was- Jesse M. Sharp. The present postmaster is James Mills. South Stanhope has the railroad depot, a school-house and the Roman Catholic church. The employes of the Stanhope furnaces have built here a pretty village. Bartleyville is a cluster of six houses and a school- house. The iron foundry gives employment to about fifteen men.- The post-office was established January 9th 1874. The first postmaster, William Bartley, is the present incumbent. Churches of the Township. Motrnt Olive Presbyterian Church. — In 1752 Rev. James Harcourt, pastor of the Roxbury church at Chester, for years known as the Pleasant Hill church, began preach- ing at Mount Olive in the log church. The date of this building is not known. This was an out-station of the Roxbury church, and it is believed Mr. Harcourt had regular appointments here once a month for about eleven years. In 1768 Rev. William WoodhuU became pastor at Chester, and he continued to preach at Mount Olive nearly fifteen years. In 1768 James Heaton gave an acre of land for church, burial and school purposes. The trustees to whom the deed was given were Jacob Cossett, Richard Stevens and Job Cossett. The log church is believed to have been already built, as the church was to be for the use of the Baptist, Congrega- tional an-d Presbyterian denominations and the Church of England. It was chiefly used by the Baptists and Presbyterians. In 1785 Rev. Lemuel Fordham, pastor at Chester, com- menced preaching_at Mount Olive, and he continued till. 1815. During his ministry, in 1809, a new church was begun by the two denominations. It was in process of building nine years, and was completed in 1818. When Mr. Fordham preached his farewell sermon in 1815 his pulpit was a work bench in the church, and his sermon was three hours in length. Rev. John Cassner began labor here in 1815, and continued three years. In 1818 Rev. John Earnest Miller, who came from the Reformed church at Albany, began preaching. Very ' soon the church building was completed, and that great innovation " a stove for the house of the Lord " was introduced. In 1823 Rev. Abraham Williamson began labor here. On the 8th of September 1834 the church of Mount Olive was organized. All the period from 1752, when preaching was begun by Mr. Harcourt, till this time the church organization had been at Roxbury church, Chester; the pastors lived there. This place was an out- station five miles away, and many of the members lived two or three miles further. Service was held not oftener 25<5 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. than once in two weeks, and part of this time only once in four weeks. In 1762 three families named Stevens, Salmon and Budd settled near Mount Olive, and a large portion of the families on this mountain to this day are their worthy descendants. At the organization in 1834 48 members of the church at Chester received their certificates of membership and were organized as the Mount Olive Presbyterian Church. Of these only six remain. Rev. A. Williamson continued their pastor. The elders chosen were John Van Dyke, William Stevens, Augustus Wolfe, Archer Stevens, Aaron Salmon, John S. Salmon and Abraham Budd. Several interesting revivals had come to this church in previous years, and the increase of membership had made a separate church organization desirable. In 1849 the Rev. J. McConnell was called to the pastorate, and he remained four years. The union house of worship had so far supplied the Baptist and Presbyterian churches. September 30th 1852 the corner stone was laid for a new house of worship for the Presbyterian church. The building, 35 by 60 feet, with basement, was completed December 28th 1854, and on the 29th was dedicated. July isth 1854 Rev. David M. James was called to the pastorate, which he held till April 1869. At that time Rev. Robert S. Feagles was engaged as supply for one year. He was followed for a short time by Rev. William Belden. Then Rev. Dr. J. S. Evans was the supply for more than a year. During 1870 and 187 1 the church was thoroughly re- paired. The basement on the right side was made serviceable for Sunday-school and prayer meetings. The pulpit was enlarged by a recess, the ceiling of the audi- torium frescoed, the roof renewed, and the building painted, at a cost of about $1,500. October 2nd 1872 Rev. Chalmers D. Chapman was in- stalled pastor. He was released in April 1875.. In the following month Rev. Oliver H. P. Deyo became the supply of the church, and he so continues. The elders of the church are Richard P. Stevens, Wil- liam Salmon, Amzi C. Stevens, Robert D. Caskey, Ira B. Stevens and A. Lynden Salmon. The present member- ship of the church is 95, and that of the Sunday-school 75. The latter was organized sixty years ago. The superintendent is A. L. Salmon. The value of the church is $5,000; of the parsonage, $2,000. In 1870 a union chapel at Budd's Lake, two miles from Mount Olive, was built, at a cost of about $3,500. It has a debt of $1,000. It is occupied by the Baptist, Episco- pal and Presbyterian denominations. The Baptist Church of Mount Olive, the second organ- ized in the township, is designated " The Schooley's Mountain Baptist Church." It was constituted a church in 1753, with about 12 members. One of these was Samuel Heaton, who came from Wrenthara, Mass., to set up iron works. The first house of worship was com- monly known as the log meeting-house, and was probably built before the date of the deed. The second was built in 1816. It was 32 by 40 feet, seated with square pews, and was owned by the four denominations. In 1842 the Baptists and Presbyterians, being the only ones interested in and occupying the church, repaired and newly seated it. They were joint owners but were both outgrowing the church. In the autumn of 1854, the Presbyterians having built and occupied a new house of worship, a meeting was called and an agreement made to sell the old house at public sale, dividing the proceeds between the two denominations, and have it removed from the ground by the following April — all of which was done. The present house, of stone, was built upon the old foundation, with a gallery over the entrance, a spire, and a bell weighing over 600 pounds. It was dedicated Feb- ruary 27th 1856. It was repaired in 1870, a pulpit recess being added and the church newly roofed, frescoed and furnished, at a cost of $1,300. The present value of the house is $3,500. In 1874 a new parsonage was built, costing $3,000. There is no debt upon the church. From the first gathering, in 1753, till September 27th 1786, this church was a branch of the church in Morris- town. Twenty-five members were added at Schooley's Mountain during this year, and the branch was dismissed in September and reorganized November i8th 1786, as the Schooley's Mountain Baptist Church. The ministers attending at the constitution of the church were Revs. Reune Runyon, Abner Sutton and David Jayne. Twenty members were enrolled at that time. There is no record of the ministers who supplied this church till May 7th 1790. It was doubtless served by the minister at Morris, town, as in May 1790 the Rev. Mr. Vaughn was requested to continue preaching the ensuing year, one Sabbath in four. In 1794 Elder Isaac Price was requested to preach every other Sabbath, and he continued to do so in 1797. From this year till June 30th 1832 there is no record of the pastors or of the membership; and yet it is known that there was occasional if not stated Baptist preaching. Samuel Cazad spoke and expounded the Word, but he was not ordained. Elders Jayne, Sydam, Ball and others preached occasionally and administered the ordinances. In June 1832 Elder Michael Quinn was appointed mis- sionary for this field by the New Jersey Baptist State Convention, and on June 30th it was recorded that the church had been reorganized and a covenant adopted by 13 persons, of whom Samuel Cazad is first recorded. Elder Quinn occupied this field two years, and baptized 22 persons, one of whom, Joseph Perry, became the esteemed pastor of the Mariners' Church at Philadel- phia, Pa. In November 1833 Elder John Teasdale, of Lafayette, and Elder Timothy Jackson, of Wantage, left an appoint- ment to preach on their return from the annual conven- tion. So great was the interest awakened that a pro- tracted meeting was held, day and evening, for several weeks, and many professed faith in Christ and were bap- tized. Thus a new impulse was given to the .church. In February 1834 Rev. John Teasdale took charge of this church for one year, preaching once in four weeks. He baptized 32 persons. Elias Frost, a licentiate of the New Jersey Baptist Association, labored with him. January isl 1835 Rev. C. C. Park took pastoral charge here. He MOUNT OLIVE BAPTIST CHURCH— FLANDERS M. E. CHURCH. 257 remained two years, laboring half of the time in other fields. The New Jersey Baptist Convention helped in his support. His influence in the temperance cause was of marked benefit to the community. John M. Carpen- ter, a licentiate from Mount Salem church, took charge of this church, and was ordained September 2nd 1837. He continued two years, and baptized eight persons. Rev. T. C. Teasdale, of Newton, preahed once a month during 1839. He baptized ten. Rev. Thomas Ritchey took charge April ist 1840, and remained two years. He baptized four converts. During his pastorate Samuel Cazad died. He had been a member over sixty years, and believed in planting and maintaining the Schooley's Mountain Baptist Church. He left by his will a farm of eighty acres, with a good house and other buildings, for a parsonage. Besides this he left another farm, one- third of the proceeds to be appropriated to the American and Foreign Bible Society, the remaining two-thirds to the support of the ministry of this church. He then pro- vided that if this church should become extinct the property should go to the New Jersey Baptist State Con- vention, to enable that body to continue a missionary in this field till another church of like faith should be or- ganized, and the property then should return to the church; it should never be sold. Samuel Cazad has thus helped to preach the gospel in the Baptist church of Mount Olive for more than a hundred years. In June 1842 John Teasdale entered again upon the pastorate, in which he continued over nine years and baptized 86 persons, one of these being Rev. Asahel Bronson, who became his successor. The latter remained a year and a half, and baptized one convert. The house of worship was still the joint property of the Baptists and Presbyterians. The successors of Mr. Teasdale illustrated anew the fact that two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same time. A house of worship half the time is not enough for a growing church. The result was that the Presbyterian body resolved to build a church for themselves, and an honorable spirit was manifested by the Baptist body, who at a joint meet- ing in the fall of 1854 agreed to the sale and removal of the old house of worship, and a division of the proceeds between the two denominations. It required twelve years to bring about this amicable settlement^ and it cannot be said they were all amicable years. In July 1853 Rev. T. F. Clancy was chosen pastor, and he remained nine years. He baptized 53 persons. During his pastorate the death of his wife brought great loss to his household and the community. The society soon began the erection of a new house of worship, of stone, 32 by 45 feet, which was completed and dedicated February 27th 1856, value $3,500. Mr. Clancy resigned in March 1863, and removed to Elk Lake, Pa. May ist 1863 Rev. H. B. Shermer began to supply the church, and in the fall of the same year he accepted the pastorate. He served the church nearly six years, and died March 22nd 1869. He baptized 12, and IS others were baptized by Rev. H. C. Putnam, who supplied the church a short time. He was a faithful pastor .and a kind-hearted Christian gentleman. In his pastorate the parsonage farm was rented, and another parsonage, with a lot of two acres, was purchased; it was half a mile from the church and was used ten years. In October 1869 Rev. George F. Hendrickson was called to the pastorate. He remained three years and six months, and baptized 29 persons. In the spring of 1871 he was greatly afflicted in the sudden death of his wife. His church sympathized with him so tenderly as to become thereby much endeared to him, and the kindly feeling remains. He resigned April ist 1873, and re- moved to Fairview, N. J. October ist 1873 Rev. J. G. Entreken was called to the pastorate. He remained one year and added 17 members to the church by baptism. During 1874 a new parsonage was built, one-eighth of a mile from the church, costing $3,000. There is no debt upon it. The church this year dismissed 28 mem- bers to organize a new church at Drakeville. January ist 1875 Rev. Samuel Spoul was called to the pastorate, and he remained till his death. He baptized 11 con- verts. A man of ability and kindness, he was much be- loved by the church and community. He died July 2Sth 1880, aged 68 years. April ist 1881 the church called Rev. M. M. Fogg to the pastorate. The number of scholars in the Sunday-school is 56. The library has 400 volumes. The superintendent is John Sandy. The ofificers of the church in September 1881 were: Rev. M. M. Fogg, pastor; deacons, John B. Stevens, George L. Salmon, D. H. Wolfe; trustees, John B. Stevens, William Wolfe, Calvin Conklin; church clerk, J. B. Stevens. The church membership is no. Flanders M. E. Church. — The third church in date of organization is the Flanders Methodist Episcopal church. The first known resident Methodist was Mrs. Mary Bell. She was born in New York city, October 2Sth 1753, and there united with the Methodists. During the Revolution she suffered many hardships, was robbed of her property, and for personal safety fled from the city and sought refuge in the quiet valley of Flanders. This was about 1783. Here she resided nearly forty years, and earnestly labored to establish the church of her choice. She re- moved to Easton, Pa., where she died August 19th 1836. Another important character in the history of this church was David Moore, who was born in Morristown, November 2Sth 1749. At the age of 19 he united with the Presbyterian church, and he continued in this relation about fifteen years. He resided in Flanders when Meth- odist ministers first visited the place. He opened his doors for preaching, and they continued the service there once in tv/o weeks for several years. A class was formed, with which he united. He was appointed leader of the class and filled this position about fifteen years. The date of this organization is not definitely known. In 1783 Rev. Samuel Rowe was appointed preacher in East Jersey. In 1786 the Flanders circuit is named, and Flanders is supposed to have a chapel. Rev. John Tunnell was the presiding elder. It is quite well known that Mr. Moore assisted in building the church. It was 258 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. for years without walls or doors, and the floor was only partly laid; yet it was occupied as a place of worship once in two weeks. So strict was Mr. Moore in attend- ing meetings that for seven years together he was not absent from the house of prayer, though he had removed six miles. Miss Jemima Baxter was born in 1765, and became the wife of Judge William Monroe (who died April 27th 1854, aged go years) and the mother-in-law of Rev. Manning Force. She was one of the earliest and most devoted members of this church, and for fifty years the house of Judge-Monroe furnished a comfortable lodging place for traveling Methodist preachers. His house was near the church; seeing the preacher's horse tied with no shelter and no food, he was sorry for the exposure of the animal, and while the service was going on he removed the horse to his barn and fed it, and sent word to the preacher where it could be found. His further thought was that for this once he would invite the preacher to his table. This was probably in 1794, during the ministry of the Rev. Mr. Bostwick, and it was the beginning of a kindly course on the part of Judge Monroe toward the Methodist organization, though his wife had been for several years a member. He afterward became an efficient worker in the Flanders church Mrs. Monroe died December 28th 1832, aged 67. The first church building remained unimproved till the pastorate of Rev. Elijah Woolsey, and continued in use till 1857. The old church was then removed. It sheltered this cluster of God's people nearly four-score years; as a barn it may shelter some of God's creatures one or two scores of years more. In 1857 a new church was erected through the zealous efforts of Rev. J. B. Heward and Rev. M. Force. A parsonage worth $1,000 was secured in i858.for the Flanders church, which now has joined with it Drakestown — quite the western part of Mount Olive township. When Flanders circuit was formed it included a very large territory and lay partly in Sussex and Warren coun- ties, N. J., and partly in Orange county, N. Y. East Jersey in 1792 included New Germantown and Flanders. The pastors of the Flanders circuit, so far as known, have been as follows: Revs. Simon Pile and Cornelius Cook, 1787; Jesse Lee, 1788; Aaron Hutchinson, 1788, 1789; John Lee, 1788, 1789; Daniel Combs, 1789; Richard Swaim, 1790, 1791; Samuel Fowler, 1791; Jethro Johnson, 1792; Robert McCoy, 1792, 1800; John Clark and Daniel Dennis, 1793; Samuel Coate and Shadrach Bostwick, 1794; John Fountain and Robert Dillon, 1795; Thomas Woolsey, 1796; Samuel Thomas, 1796, 1797; Thomas Everard, 1797; James Campbell and David Bartine, 1798; Aaron Owens and Thomas Smith, 1799; Daniel W. Dickerson, 1800; Elijah Woolsey, 1801, 1802; Benja- min lliff, 1801; Ganiiel Bailey, 1802; Johnson Dunham and John Walker, 1803; William Mills, 1804, 1805; Henry Clark, 1804; George Woolley, 1805; Joseph Chattle, 1836, 1839, 1840 (from 7805 to 1836 Flanders was supplied by the Asbury circuit); W. C. Nelson, 1836, 1861, 1862; Crooks S. Vancleve, 1836, 1838; Edward Sanders, 1838; Edmund Hance, 1840; George Winsor, 1843; Benjamin Kelly, 1844, 1845; Abraham Owen, 1846; Josiah F. Canfield, 1847, 1848; T. T. Campfield, 1849, 1850; e. A. Lippencott, 1851; Swaim Thackaray, 185 1; John S. Coit, 1854, 1855 (Flanders supplied by the pre- siding elder in 1852 and 1853); Jonathan B. Heward, 1856, 1857; E. W. Adams, 1858, 1859; George T. Jack- son, i860; John L. Hay»i 1863, 1864; Richard Thomas, 1865, 1866; H. Trumbower, 1867, 1868; S. P. Lacey, 1869; T. Rawlings, 1870 72; J. W. Hartpence, 1873; S. K. Doolittle, 1874 76; G. F. Apgar, 1877-79; D. E. Frarabes, 1880, 1881. In 1789 the pastors on the circuit reported great pros- perity in their work. It was during the labors of Rev. Samuel Coate and Rev. Shadrach Bostwick that Judge Monroe came to " first endure, then pity, then embrace " Methodism in his neighborhood. Eleven members were added to the society in 1797 and 20 in 1800, while a de- crease ol 18 was reported in 1799 and of 15 in 1801; 149 were gained in 1802 and 175 in 1803, but 38 were lost in 1804. In 1805 the name Flanders for the circuit gave way to "Asbury," which was the title for many years; Flanders charge reappears, however, in 1842. The mem- bership is given as 228 in 1846, 163 in 1847, 150 in 1849, 170 in 1850, and 233 in 1851. In 1857 Rev. Manning Force, who had done so much for this society, took a supernumerary relation. He removed in 1861 to Sussex county, and died February 22nd 1862. There were 144 members in 1859 and 90 in 1880. At the latter date the officers of the society were as follows: Pastor, Rev. D. E. Frambes; stewards, W. K. Miller, James Abel, John Chip, B. Cristin, W. S. Fisher; trustees, W. K. Miller, B. A. Howell, W. R. McDougall, W. S. Huff, John Chip. The superintendent of the Sunday-school was G. W. Wentworth,. M. D. There were 75 scholars enrolled, and 350 volumes in the library. In 1786 John Tunnell was presiding elder of the dis- trict which included Flanders, and which in fact covered the .entire State. At this date mention is first made of a chapel at Flanders. In 1792 Staten Island and New York city were also included. All of New Jersey remained in one presiding elder's district till the close of the last cen- tury, and it belonged to the Philadelphia Conference till 1836. The New Jersey Conference appears in 1836, with the Newark district covering the Flanders charge. Since 1857 Flanders has been in the Newark Conference, and in the Rahway, Morristown, Newton and Paterson districts. Presiding elders so far as we can learn have taken charge as follows: Rev. John Tunnell, 1786; Rev. James O. Cromwell, 1788; Rev. John Merrick, 1791; Rev. Jacob Brush, 1793; Rev. Thomas Ware, 1794, 1803; Rev. John McClaskey, 1796; Rev. Freeborn Garretson, 1799; Rev. Solomon Sharp, i8oo; Rev. Manning Force, 1836; Rev. John S. Porter, 1842; Rev. Daniel Parish, 1845; Rev. Thomas Sovereign, 1848; Rev. C. A. Lippencott, 1852; Rev. J. Winner, 1856; Rev. J. M. Tuttle, 1857; Rev. C. S. Van- cleve, i860, 1865; Rev. A. L. Bruce, 1862; Rev. Charles Larew, 1866; Rev. M. E. Ellison, 1870; Rev. Thomas H. Smith, 1874; Rev. J. N. Fitzgerald, 1878; Rev. C. S. Coit, 1880. Flanders Presbyterian Church was organized February i8th 1852 by the Presbytery of Elizabeth. Rev. Dr. FLANDERS PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH— SCHOOLS OF MOUNT OLIVE. 259 Ogden, of Chatham, preached in the Methodist Episco- pal church, and the organization was completed with 27 members. The elders chosen were Samuel White, Wil- liam Bartley and D. A. Nicholas. The members and families composing this church ware also from the Rox- bury church, of Chester, and the preaching during the first year was mainly by the minister of that church. June 30th 1853 Rev. John N. Husted was installed pas- tor. He was released April i8th 1855. Rev. David M. James was installed June loth 1856 and released Octo- ber 2nd 1867. Rev. Martin F. Hollister supplied the church part of the year 1868. Rev. Mr. Denton and Rev. Myron Barrett, of Newton, also supplied the church for a time. Rev. Daniel W. Fox, the present pastor, was installed June isth 1870. The church, built in 1853, 3oby5ofeet, with pulpitrecess, cost $3,500. It has been repaired and improved, at a cost of $800. The parsonage was built in 1875 and cost $3,300. The officers of the church in 1881 were: Rev. D. W. Fox, pastor; D. A. Nicholas, William Bartley, Hezekiah R. Hopkins, J. C. Green and M. B. Howell, elders. The church membership is 74. The Sunday-school superin- tendent is D. A. Nicholas. The scholars number 50. The library contains 225 volumes. The Union Sunday- school at Bartleyville has for its superintendent William Bartley. There are 75 scholars. Schools and Teachers. The schools of Mount Olive are among the oldest of the old township, and men of 85 years do not recall the time when the school near the churches was established. A deed of one acre of land for school and church pur- poses was given in 1768 by James Heaton. Thomas H. Briggs, who taught this school nearly sixty years ago, died at Succasunna in 1876. Teaching was his profes- sion and his pride. He said that he obtained a copy of every grammar and mastered what was new in each; and he believed he had a larger number of books on the English language than any other teacher in New Jersey. A misfortune that lost him a leg made another profession impracticable, and he loved this so well that he never desired any other. He was honored with a State certifi- cate for life. Samuel White of Flanders taught more than forty years, and, excepting four years, his teaching was in Roxbury and Mount Olive. His last service was in the Pleasant Hill district, near Flanders. Sickness attacked him while in school, and he died after a brief illness, in March 1880. There are school-houses at Mount Olive, Draketown, Flanders, South Stanhope, Cross Roads and Bartleyville. The stone school-house at Bartleyville was built in 1848. This as well as other school buildings shows what changes have come with the years. The early school-house was made of logs, an opening was left for a window, and a sheep skin was used for glass. When the building was framed, the chimney, built from the ceiling up with large sticks covered with mud, gave the principal light. The time was regulated by an hour glass, and the pupils drank from a cup made of a cow's horn or a gourd shell. In their recitations they were re- quired to toe a chalk line or a crack in the floor; but they were taught obedience, trained in habits of study, and encouraged in the practice of virtues worthy of imi- tation by the present generation. 35 PASSAIC TOWNSHIP. By Hon. S. B. Axtell. HE township of Passaic was established in 1866, by act of the Legislature, and was taken from the south part of Morris town- ship. It lies along the Passaic River and extends farther south than any other portion of Morris county. The river bends round and partly incloses it, and separates the township from Union and Somerset counties. The word " Passaic " is said to be Indian and to have signified in their language " valley." The Passaic River flows through a valley, while the Hackensack has no considerable banks, but runs along through open marshy meadows and level plains. The name Passaic thus described the stream spoken of — the river that runs in avalley, not the river of the plain. The Passaic River atove Paterson re- ceives the Rockaway, an important branch, and the Whippany — properly Whippanong, also an Ind'ian name, signifying "arrow"; but the main river is that portion of the stream which, rising in Mendham township, runs south and gracefully bends round the southern part of Morris county, returning north and east by Paterson and the valley of the Passaic to Newark Bay. The river above the Little Falls has but slight current for a long distance. From Lower Chatham bridge to Little Falls, a distance by the river of twenty-one and a quarter miles, the fall of the river bottom is but six and two-tenths feet, or less than four inches to the mile. The elevations above Chatham are also very slight. Chatham Pond is only 182 feet above mean tide; the head of Great Swamp, in Passaic township (at Big Brook, near Green Village), is 240 feet. Geological Features. One of the marked physical features of the township is a beautiful park-like ridge of land which extends through it, reaching from Long Hill to Morristown. This ridge is a very prominent feature in the topography of the State, and is especially noted for its commanding views and its almost continuous succession of beautiful grounds. The road from Madison to Morristown runs along it — as beautiful a drive as there is in any State. This ridge is a waters'hed between the tributaries of the upper Passaic on the south and the branches of the Whippany on the north. It differs from the Short Hills in its level top and more uniform slopes. Generally its southward slopes are steep. This ridge is about three hundred and eighty feet above tide water, and about one hundred and forty feet above the general level of Chatham and Madison. The thickness of the drift mass in this ridge must everywhere be over one hundred feet, since nearly all the wells on it are of that depth. At the Drew Theological Seminary, in Madison, a well was dug one hundred and fourteen feet, and then a boring two hun- dred feet deeper, it is said, did not get through the loose materials. An abundant supply of water can, however, be easily obtained from the crystal streams and unfailing springs abundant in the northern part of the county. With the increase of wealth comes, with equal and regular steps, increase of knowledge; and the day "is not distant when pure water and pure air, and well drained, whole- some homes will dim the splendor of doctors' equipages, and render brilliant corner drug stores and patent medicine palaces a thing of the past. When that day comes this ridge will be thickly gemmed with beautiful country homes, and its woods will ring with the shouts of healthy, happy children. The plain between Morristown and Madison and the ridge known as Long Hill are here spoken of as one. The other marked feature of this township is known as the Great Swamp. This swamp is about seven miles long, with an average width of three miles; it was heavily timbered, but most of it has been cleared and drained and is now excellent meadow and arable land. This is the bottom of a great lake. In the annual report of the State geologist of New Jersey for 1880 we find a map and description of it as Lake Passaic— a glacial lake, a lake which was in the glacial period between the Whatchung Mountains and the Highland range. It was fully thirty miles long, from six to eight miles wide, and in most places two hundred feet deep. It covered the country where Madison, Chatham, New Providence, Basking Ridge, Hanover, Whippany, Troy, Pompton and Little Falls now stand. Long Hill, Riker's Hill and the Hook Mountain were islands. The higher parts of the Basking Ridge and of the New Vernon Ridge must also have stood above its cold blue waves as frozen, rocky, desolate THE GREAT SWAMP— VILLAGES IN PASSAIC— PIONEERS. 261 land. The only outlet to this lake was by the valley of the Passaic at Paterson, and this at that time was closed by the ice of the receding glacier. The surface level of this lake was about 380 feet above the present level of tide water. The plain country between Madison and Morristown is of this height; so is the moraine ridge known as Long Hill. The top of the terminal moraine was leveled off and a part of its material was carried southward and silted on the bottom of the lake where are now the Great Swamp and the Dead River flats, in Passaic township. The erosion through the drift at Little Falls was probably the gradual wear of the Terrace period until the hard trap rock reef was reached. At that le\el the drainage stopped. The slow work of exca- vation through this barrier and the recession of the falls have been in progress since that time; and a gorge three hundred feet wide at the east, narrowing westward to the falls and between thirty and forty feet deep, has been cut back about six hundred feet in the rock. The further work of cutting through the barrier of trap rock must be very slow, and hence the drainage of the old lake basin may be considered as practically at an end unless fur- thered by the agency of man. This attempt was made and an act of the Legislature obtained, but it gave rise to liti- gation and strife, went into the courts and was finally re- pealed. The deep alluvial formations along Dead River and in the Great Swamp were the fine deposits on the bottom of this ancient lake. The depth of the rock basin is great. A well in the Great Swamp has been bored 165 feet in sand, clayey sand and fine sediment, or to within eighty feet of the ocean level, without finding rock. Besides the Passaic River the township is well supplied with beautiful brooks. The Primrose, Black and Big Brooks have been celebrated for trout and are lovely streams. The soil of the township is excellent; the farmers thrifty and independent. Centers of Population. There are numerous villages, of which New Vernon, only four miles from Morristown, is the largest. Logans- ville, Pleasantville, Green Village, Myersville (population 145), Millington (population 112), Stirling (population 185) and Gillette are also thrifty, enterprising and grow- ing towns. The first census of Passaic as a township was taken in 1870, when its population was 1,625. The census of 1880 gives the population at 1,896, an encour- aging increase. The school census of 1878 showed 525 children between the ages of five and eighteen years. The West Line Railroad runs through the southern por- tion of the township, giving easy access to New York. This road connects with the Morris and Essex at Summit. Gillette, Stirling and Millington are stations on this rail- road. There are two manufacturing establishments in the township — one for agricultural implements at Milling- ton, the other a button factory at Stirling. These fac tories employ about two hundred hands. The figures relative to township valuation, area, tax- ation, etc., in 1881 were as follows: Acres, 19,240.; valua- tion of real estate, f 764,620; personal property, $195,960; debt, 1147,235; polls, 378; State school tax, 12,070.46; county tax, '^r, 932. 81 ; road tax, $2,500 ; poor tax, fioo. The Pioneers. Before proceeding to speak of the pioneers of the township it is permissible to mention a book pub- lished in 1 85 1 by John Littell. It is entitled " Family Records or Genealogies of the First Settlers of Passaic Valley and Vicinity above Chatham, with their Ancestors and Descendants." The preface to the book contains the following commendable sentiments: " It is an interesting object of curiosity to most men to search into the origin of their own families, to trace their descents and to collect the history of the individuals who compose them. However remote in time or consanguinity it is natural to believe that we inherit from our fathers their mental and physical peculiarities, though modified by circumstances. We enter affectionately into their concerns, and rejoice in their honors and prosperity, and are personally grieved by their misconduct or misfortunes. The love of our kindred is the first degree of the expan- sion of the heart toward universal benevolence." Such sentiments are an honor to human nature; and a man who does not love his kindred discredits not only his humanity but his Christianity: — " For he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God, whom he hath not seen?" We can but regret that the author of this book did not give us more history of •these pioneers. He has in most instances confined him- self to mere genealogy; but his book is a step in the right direction, and cost a world of pains-taking labor occupying its author seven years in its compilation. We are indebted to this book for many facts about Passaic's pioneers. These Littells formerly spelled their name Little. George and Benjamin Little, brothers, were merchants in London and emigrated about 1630 to Newbury, Essex county, Mass. John Little, son of George, left home to seek his fortune, and went to Barnstable or Martha's Vineyard, thence to Long Island, and thence the family knew not where. This was before 1665, before steam or rail; and how long these to us little journeys then seemed, away from Massachusetts to Long Island! But, says our faithful chronicler, "soon after 1665 Philip Car- teret, governor of New Jersey, sent messengers through all the adjoining provinces to invite settlers." How much this sounds like an Old Testament narrative! "Sent messengers through all the adjoining provinces." This is the germ of an immigration society. These settlers came in "considerable numbers from New England (a colony of them to Newark the following year, 1666), and in 1676 we find John Little in Elizabethtown, a purchaser of land from the proprietors. This John Little is as- sumed to be the father of Samuel Littell. Samuel changes the spelling of his name a little, and marries Lydia Bon- nell. They had children Elizabeth, Martha, John, Samuel, Joseph, James, Benjamin, Daniel, David, Jona- 262 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. than, Sarah, Abigail, Catherine and Nathaniel — fourteen sons and daughters, and two others who died young. Let us look at an.other of these ancient worthies. The parents of Daniel Cooper emigrated from Holland to New York in the year 1695. It is said he was born at sea, May ist 1695. In 1726, when twenty-nine years old, he married Grace Runyon. He removed to Passaic Valley, Morris county, in 1732; bought lot No. 2 of the Berkley tract, containing 500 acres; and had children Catherine, Daniel, Agnes, Peter, John, Benjamin, Rosannah, George, Projvidence and Anne. He had six wives — Grace Runyan, Jane Westbrook, Grace Manning, widow Fanny Jones, Bar- bara Margaret Gibbs and Hannah Martin, widow of Colo- nel Ephraim Martin, and died May 2nd 1795, one day over one hundred years from the day of his birth! John G. Cooper, Esq., fourth child of George Coopep, son of Daniel Cooper (ancient worthy), lived in the valley where his father did. He married Eleanor Perrine, and their son George went to Michigan, and was treasurer of that State. General Benjamin Ludlow lived on Long Hill, where his father did. He was major-general of militia, judge of the court of Morris county, and several tirries a member of the Legislature. This name is sometimes spelled Ludlum. John James and George Badgley, with their three sisters, Phebe, Sarah and Betsey, came from Long Island to Elizabethtown. George settled there, and the others came and took a tract of 400 acres between the First and Second Mountains in the year 1736. Jonathan Badgley, a descendant, had thirteen children, Dayton had eight, Samuel had nine. Huma Badgley, fourth child of Samuel, married Ezekiel Clark and had nine children, and Jacob F. Badgley, ninth child of Samuel, had eight children. Thomas Baker emigrated from England and settled on Long Island, thence removed to Connecticut Farms (now Union), and there died. His son Thomas jr. married Hannah Thompson, and removed to Passaic Valley in ^738. A descend.mt of Daniel and Margaret Osborn had fourteen children, and his eldest child, Mary, married to Ezekiel De Camp, had thirteen children. Samuel Beach was an early settler. Benjamin Bedell had a child baptized in 1764, and " kept tavern " in the time of the Revolutionary war. His descendants require six pages to merely name them. Nathan Bonnel came from Long Island to Elizabeth- town; was one of the first company of the "Elizabeth- town Associates "; removed thence to the Passaic River above Chatham; married Hannah Miller of Westfield, and left numerous descendants. Her second son. Cap- tain Nathaniel, had thirteen children; her son John had eleven, and the tribes increased and multiplied and re- plenished New Jersey, and took possession thereof and subdued it. Solomon Boyle emigrated from Ireland and married a French girl in this country. He purchased of the East Jersey proprietors 600 acres of land crossing Long Hill. He had ten children. One of his daughters has the pe- culiar name " Lynche." She married John Cooper, 'son of Daniel ist (ancient worthy). His son John also had a daughter Lynche. Solomon Boyle must have settled here about 1730, as his second child was born in 1734. We also find Byrams, of the Mendham family. James Cauldwell with his wife Mary emigrated from Ireland about the year 1732, and settled on Long Hill. Daniel Clark gives cause for pages of Clarks, and Wil- liam Cole was a surveyor and schoolmaster, and was known as Master Cole. William Conklin married Ruth Hedges of Long Island, removed from there to Basking Ridge, and children. Henry Connet, born in 1698, is the ancestor of the Connets at Brookside, in Mendham township. There were Corwins and Carys, Crigs and Cranes, Davises and Days. Philemon Dickerson lived at the east end of Stirling Valley, on the road to Morristown. He married Johan- nah Sweazy, above Morristown. Then follow twelve pages of Dods and Dodds, one of the most gifted families of New Jersey; and Joseph Doty, who came from Long Island. Rev. Jonathan Elmer was born in Norwalk, Conn., in 1727. He came to Turkey (New Providence) and was the stated minister of the " Presbyterian church and con- gregation " from October 1757 to 1793 — thirty-six years. He died in 1807, aged 80 years; his wife died at the age of 94. His son Jonathan married Susan Bedell, and they had eleven children. Rev. James Caldwell was shot by a drunken soldier, standing sentinel at Elizabethtown, in 1781. His wife Hannah had been shot in 1780 at Connecticut Farms (Union) by a British soldier. They left nine children, who were all taken up to Chatham to the house of Stephen Day, whose wife was a sister of Mrs. Caldwell. The nine children of the Caldwells were: Margaret, who married Isaac Canfield, of Morristown; Hannah, who married James R. Smith, merchant of New York; John Edwards, taken by the Marquis de la Fayette to France; James B., for many years a judge of the court of Glou- cester county; Esther, who married Rev. Robert Finley, D. D., of Basking Ridge; Josiah F., many years in the post-office department at Washington; Elias, for some years clerk of the United States supreme court; Sarah, who married Rev. John S. Vredenburg, pastor of the Re- formed Dutch church at Somerville; Maria, who married Robert S, Robertson, merchant of New York. History does not give knowledge of any other country where a family of nine helpless orphans, so tragically bereaved, could thus be carried in sympathetic arms and fjlanted in happy, useful homes. If other republics have been un- grateful it is not true of ours. Richard Runyon was born in i7i9,of French ancestry. Daniel Runyon, son of Elias, owns his father's farm at Long Hill. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1834, and acted in that ofifice fifteen years. Simeon Morehouse came up from Elizabethtown in the time of the Revolutionary war, and lived some time back SETTLERS IN PASSAIC— IMPROVEMENTS— NEW VERNON-; 263 of Long Hill, north of Peter Rutan's. He married Re- becca Meeker. They had ten children, and lived to be respectively 81 and 86 years of age. Isaac Moore married Sally Smalley. They had seven- teen children; all lived to be men and women, and all married, but one daughter, who died a young woman. The following named citizens of Passaic have held the ofifices attached to their names: In Morris county. Colo- nel Cornelius Ludlow, Brigadier-General and Major- General Benjamin Ludlow, Brigadier-General and Major- General Solomon Doughty, Captain and Major Solomon Boyle, Captain and Major William M. Clark, Captains Peter Layton, Samuel Stanbury, Benjamin Conklin and Henry W. Tuttle. Judges of the court of common pleas of Morris county: John Carle, Benjamin Ludlow, John G. Cooper, Cornelius Ludlow. Sheriff and county clerk, George H Ludlow.- The present governor of New Jersey is a son of Israel and grandson of Colonel Cornelius Ludlow. The Carles came from Long Island. Jacob Carle bought 500 acres, one-fourth of the Berkley tract, on the north side of the Passaic River. Carles still live on their ancestral lands. John Carle, son of Jacob, lived on Long Hill on a part of the 500 acres. He was a justice of the peace, a judge of the court, and several times a member of the Legislature of the State, and in 1783 was a member of the privy council. William Alexander, called Lord Stirling, owned 1,000 acres .of land lying on both sides of the Passaic, but mostly on the north side and to the north of the pomt where the river forces its way through Long Hill. The thrifty manufacturing town of Stirling in the immediate vicinity was named in his honor. This land was at the lower end of the Great Swamp. Lord Stirling's residence was on the west side of the Passaic, in Somerset county. It has been modernized and is in good repair. Improvements. The inhabitants of this section of the township be- longed to the congregation and society of Basking Ridge, and their history is to, be found incorporated with the history of that beautiful village. This place was settled by Scotch Presbyterians and a log church erected about i*'oo. In 1749 a wooden structure was built. This church is cotemporaneous with the Presbyterian church at Morristown, which was established in 1740. There was at Basking Ridge in very early times an academy, which, under the intelligent supervision of Dr. Finley and Dr. Brownlee, attained a high reputation. Many of the older residents of Long Hill attended this academy. Henry Southard was brought here by his parents from Long Island when he was eight years old, in 1755, and here his ■ distinguished son, Henry L., was born and educated. With good academies at New Providence, Basking Ridge, New Vernon and Morristown it is not surprising that the people of this township should be exceptionally intelligent. There are in this small township six church societies, with suitable houses of worship— two at New Vernon (Presbyterian and Methodist); one at Green Vil- lage (Methodist), one at Myersville (Lutheran), one at Stirling (Presbyterian) and a congregation of Baptists at Millington. The church edifice is across the river in Somerset county. The West Line Railroad is rapidly developing the Passaic Valley from New Providence to Basking Ridge; beautiful residences are being built and flourishing manu- factures established, and it is not at all improbable that within ten years the population of the valley will double. The land about Gillette station is owned by the broth- ers Robert N. and Alonzo Cornish. Mrs. Robert Cornish was a Harrison, from Orange. Their two eldest sons are taking a full classical course at Andover and Yale. Lands in that part of the township are pleasantly situated and very fertile, and are fairly worth $100 per acre for farming purposes. The term " Swamp " is hardly applicable now to the rich alluvial lands where was once the bottom of the great Passaic Lake. They have been mostly cleared and ditched; the sun has been let in; the dam across the Passaic where it breaks through Long Ridge has been removed, and fall enough thus obtained for an easy flow of water, and what was the "Great Swamp " is fast be- coming a great rich garden. It is now held in small "par- cels by hardy, industrious Germans, and the day is not distant when it will be the most valuable agricultural portion of Morris county. It was to a late period a refuge for bears and other game. Some of the early settlers in the Swamp were mighty hunters and famous men in their day. This land was very heavily, timbere'3 with oak, and ship timber was obtained here in great quantities, including the timber for several government vessels. As an illustration of the depth and fertility of the soil the following fact is mentioned: There was a white oak tree cut for ship timber which was over five feet in diameter at the ground, and at the height of 100 feet it squared 12 inches. It was floated to Chatham and from there hauled to Elizabethtown. It required 12 yoke of oxen and a pair of horses to draw it, and brought $500. New Vernon. New Vernon was originally called South Hanover. Abraham Canfield was among the most prominent of its early settlers. He came from Connecticut, by way of Newark, and settled here about 1740. His wife was a sister of Joseph Hedden, of Newark. The Heddens were noted for courage and firmness. Joseph Hedden lived to be ninety-six years of age. He was wont to speak with pride of the fact that he had eight sons in the service of the country during the long battle for freedom. His son Joseph was a man of great nerve. Simon Hedden, Joseph's brother, was a man of great strength and ignorant of fear. In the Newark Sen- tinel of Freedom, November 1798, we find the following notice of the elder Hedden: " This venerable citizen (he was 96 years of age when he died) had from his youth sustained the character of an honest and upright man 264 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. and was much lamented by those who were acquainted with him. He had 13 children, 176 grandchildren, 106, great-grandchildren, and three great-great-grandchildren." Joseph Hedden jr. was taken from his bed in Newark by British soldiers, on the night of January 25th 1780, car- ried to New York, and confined in the Andersonville of the Revolution, the infamous Sugar House prison. In consequence of exposure and hardship on the night of his capture, and cruel treatment in prison, his limbs mor- tified, and he died the following September, in the 52nd year of his age. Mrs. Abraham Canfield was a worthy representative of a worthy family. She also had thirteen children. Her son Israel lived for a long time at New Vernon, but afterward removed to Morristown. His son B. O. Can- field has fully sustained through a long and useful life the hunorable reputation of his ancestors, and now in a green old age lives to enjoy a competency honestly ac- quired, and is a living witness that the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and the paths of rectitude the paths of peace. His son John D. Canfield is a rising lawyer in Morristown. Abraham Canfield was a blacksmith, and carried on at New Vernon the business of working in iron. In fact he was a manufacturer in the broadest sense, for he sent his own pack animals to the iron mines in the vicinity of Dover, brought down the iron ore and manufactured it into the iron which he used. He also kept a country store. He a.ssisted in his day to build a suitable house for an academy at New Vernon, where was long kept up one of the best schools in this section of the State. The jjouse was also used for public meetings, but the people belonged to the church congregation at Morristown, then called West Hanover. In 1773 Richard Kemble, an Englishman living on the south side of Mount Washington, imported from England a copper still of twelve gallons capacity, and manufactured the first applejack or Jersey lightning made in Morris county. Kemble was a thorough John Bull. He was during the Revolution a pronounced royalist, and gave especial directions in his will as to the disposition of his portraits of the royal family. He was twice married, and iti his will speaks of his second wife as his " second ven- ture." The Kembles were large slave owners, and most of the thrifty farmers owned one or more families of negroes. Reminiscences of tHE Revolution. The grounds occupied by the soldiers in 1779-80 and 1781 for encampments are nearly all situated in this township, and it was on the first level bench below Mount Washington and just north of Kimball's (now Hoyt's) corner where the troops were exercised and re- viewed. There was a great abundance of fine chestnut timber on these hills. These chestnut trees were cut to a suitable length, and the logs split in halves, which were put endwise into the ground to form the sides of the huts; other split logs covered these for a roof; the whole was chinked with split pieces of chestnut, and daubed with clay. A stone fireplace and chimney filled one end, and the whole " edifice " was often covered with leaves and dirt. With plenty of rock oak and hickory wood for fire, these huts were far from being uncomfortable, especially when covered over with the deep snow of 1780. The situation of the camp was admirable. It was only the lack of provisions and clothing which made the army un- comfortable. Give any set of pioneers abundant "wil- derness " and provisions and they will make themselves very comfortable; and the soldiers of the Revolution were pioneers. The house which the ofificersof the army lived in near camp, and which Washington often visited in person, is still standing. It is on the road from Mend- ham to Hoyt's Corners, and is known as the old Wick farm house. It is built in the style once so common in this section of New Jersey — a low, one-story house, the eaves coming near the ground; a long house, with door and narrow hall in the middle, and great chimneys at the ends. This style of house is also seen in New Eng- land. It is the one kind of dwelling built by our ances- tors here one hundred and fifty years ago. Does not this house distinctly point out what nationality the builder belonged to? This style was built by all the families who came from Long Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Newark and Elizabeth town. Who will kindly tell us what part of Old England it represents? or is it Holland? It was in this house that Tempe Wick so long concealed her favorite riding horse. The huts have all long since disappeared; but the piles of stones used for fireplaces and chimneys still remain, and can be found scattered over a large extent of woodland. During these three winters that the army lived here many soldiers died from natural causes, and the place where they were buried is on the Wick tract, in the north part of Passaic township. The burial ground was thickly planted with locust trees to protect it. It is now overgrown with briars, but has been undisturbed for a hundred years. Here lie the bones of many a poor soldier who laid down knapsack and musket and reported for duty directly to God. The house is still pointed out, near the boundary of this township, where General Charles Lee was taken pris- oner by a party of British cavalry, December 13th 1776. The " Mr. Mackelwraith " who has been accused of be- traying General Lee to the British was Elder Samuel Mcllrath, of Mendham. He was himself surprised and taken prisoner while walking along the road. He did not reside in the neighborhood and was ignorant of General Lee's movements, and whatever he did to point out any house where officers were quartered, or in any way to act as a guide to the British, he did under compulsion and to save his own life, and not as a traitor. Elder Mcllrath was as well known as any man in Mendham, and it was known and read of all men that he was not a tory. Five years subsequent to this (January ist 1781) a more sombre event occurred in this vicinity. Two thou- sand old soldiers, veterans of over three years' service, were in open revolt.- The whole Pennsylvania line were mutineers; Captain Billings was killed by his own men and other officers were wounded. General "mad An- thony " Wayne was pushed aside as a boy, and told that if he attempted violence he would be instantly put to death. These troops were full of courage and patriotism, -but their manhood had been outraged. They believed that their term of enlistment had expired, and they were refused their discharge. They claimed their rights and were willing to die fighting to defend them. Let not the benefit of this example be overlooked or lost. It will ever be found dangerous to trifle with the rights of a patriotic soldiery. These troops marched to Princeton- their demands were acceeded to, they were honorably discharged, and thus disastrously were the camp fires of the Revolution forever extinguished in Morris county. PEQUANNOCK TOWNSHIP. By Hon. John L. Kanotise. ^ HIS is one of the oldest townships in Morris county; it has existed since 1740, though now greatly reduced in extent by the forma- tion of other townships. From 1790 to 1844 it included more territory than any other township in the county, and in area was nearly equal to the whole of Essex county. Rockaway was set off in 1844. From that time to 1867 Pequannock included all the territory embraced in the present town- ships of Pequannock, Montville and Boonton. The formation of Pequannock township, in 1740, is referred to on page 21. From the bounds as there given it is evident that Pequannock township in the beginning included territory afterward set off to Jefferson. It ap- pears from the records that in the beginning our county court exercised the authority not only of subdividing the county into townships, but also at first of appointing constables and other township officers, and that the court continued to exercise authority in setting off new townships as late as 1751; for we find entered in the minutes in that year a petition from the people in that part of the county now included in Sussex, asking to have a township set off, to be called " New- town." Pequannock township contained in 1830 a total popu- lation of 4,355, and in 1840 5,227. Rockaway township being set off from it in 1844, in 1850 Pequannock had a population of 4,118, which in 1855 had increased to 4,919, and in i860 to 5,440, including 5,306 white and 134 colored. In 1865 the total population was 5,611, in- cluding 80 colored. In 1867 Pequannock was made into three townships, Boonton, Montville and Pequannock. In 1870 the census showed that Pequannock had a total population of 1,539, including 37 colored. In 1875 the total population was 1,693, including 44 colored; and in 1880 the population had run up to 2,239, showing an in- crease in ten years of 700, and in the last five years of 546. This increase of population is the result mainly of two causes, an increase of manufacturing industry and railroad facilities. The assessors in 1881 reported the valuation, taxes, etc., as follows: Acres, 20,942; valuation of real estate, $632,604; persgpsi property, |io8,22o; debt, $25,825; polls, 476; State school tax, |i,82o; county tax, $1,699; bounty tax, $1,983.61; road tax, $1,500. First Purchases and Settlement. The English claim to the soil of New Jersey, and the acquisition of title by the " proprietors," are elsewhere treated of. The proprietors had a common seal, and under that seal they issued to individual purchasers war- rants to locate lands, which were in effect simply written permissions to locate 'a stated number of acres of unap- propriated land wherever they saw fit in their section of the province. Under these warrants lands were taken up and sold to some for actual settlement, and to others for investment. It was in this way that the first pur- chases of land were made in this and other townships throughout the State; subject, however, to the Indian right of possession, which was always obtained by pur- chase from them, either by individuals or by the pro- prietors. The greater part of all tillable land in Pequan- nock, as it was when it included territory now in Mont- ville and Boonton townships, was covered by several large tracts taken up at a very early date, and a few at a period fifty years later. As to the beginning of settlement in this township by the whites, we have evidence found in the county records, the records of the proprietors, kept at Amboy and at Burlington, and also in old documents — such as deeds, wills, agreements, etc. — some of which date back as far as 1695, 1696, 1712 and 1714. The southeastern por- tion of Pequannock township was first settled by the whites about the year 1700. The settlement was com- menced by a few families of Hollanders, who came from Bergen and New York and from the early settlements at Kingston and Albany on the Hudson River, and pur- chased from the proprietors of the eastern division of New Jersey a tract of land lying in the vicinity of what is now called the Pompton Iron Works, and extending down toward the Passaic River. This whole region was a wilderness and the home of the Indians, who were nu- merous here at that time and claimed the whole of this valley. As a preparatory step to the purchase from the proprietors it was doubtless deemed advisable to first se- cure the Indian right, which was done by purchase made 266 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. by Arent Schuyler on June 6th 1695. This deed is men- tioned in the Morris county record of deeds, and on the part of the Indians was signed by " Onageponck," "Hielawith of Pequannock," and "Sajapogh, sachem of Minising." As stated in the deed this Indian purchase began at the mouth of a small brook, in the Indian lan- guage called " Singeck," "which falls into the Passaic River;" it extended north and east to the hills, and was on the easterly side of the Pequannock River. In the description of the location of this tract given in the deed from the Indians to Schuyler it is stated that there was an Indian path that led from the brook called " Singeck " toward Pompton, called the " Minising path;" this path, it is believed, led from Pompton to the Dela- ware River, which was the headquarters of the Minsi Indians. The Indians here at the time were cg,lled the Pompton tribe. From the nature of the adjoining lands it is altogether probable that this Indian path mentioned in the deed led up along the valley of the Pequannock River. One of the signatures to that deed on the part of the Indians is stated as "Hielawith of Pequannock," which would seem to justify the inference that the tribe of Indians having their hunting grounds up through the valley of the Pequannock River, and on the adjoining hills,, were called " Pequannocks," and that from them the name of the river was derived. The tribe called Pomptons had their hunting grounds about the junction of the Pompton River, as then called (which is now known as the Ramapo), with the Pequannock, and thence up the valley of the Pompton River. In 1695 Arent Schuyler, Anthony Brockholst, Samuel Bayard, George Ryerson, John Mead, Samuel Berrie and David Mandeville entered into an agreement to purchase from the proprietors of the eastern division of New Jer- sey 5,500 acres of land just east of and bordering on the Pequannock River, a tract covered by the Indian pur- chase made in June of that year. Accordingly Schuyler and Brockholst obtained 3, patent, as it was called, or an agreement of bargain and sale, from the proprietors on the nth of November 1695 for such tract. The next movement made by Schuyler and Brockholst in the further purchase of land bears date December 2nd 1696. It appears from recitals in deeds afterward given by them to others, and which are found in the records of Morris county, that Schuyler and Brockholst became legally possessed, by reason of a deed of patent from the proprietors_of East New Jersey, under the public seal of the province, dated December 2nd 1696, as also by virtue of a certain indenture of bargain and sale from William Biddle and George Huchison, of Burlington, dated September 22nd 1696, of a certain tract of land on the west side of Pequannock River, beginning where the Ramapo runs into it, and thence up the Pequannock " to the great turn in said river;" thence west six chains, and thence to the Passaic River, and thence down the same to the Pequannock River, and up the Pequannock to the place of beginning; and also all that tract of bog valley on the west of the first mentioned tract, and up to the foot of the hills; " and all that strip of land from the great turn in Pequannock River in length to where the river comes out of the hills, and fifteen chains back to the hills in breadth, 1,500 acres more or less." This purchase covered all of Pompton Plains and down to the Passaic at or near the Two Bridges, and also all that tract of black soil then called the bog valley, from which its present name "Bog and Fly " was derived; as well as a strip of land extending up the slope of the hills on the west. This was the first purchase of land for a settle- ment in Pequannock township, and such settlement was commenced at Pompton and Pompton Plains about the year 1700; possibly a few families may have settled on the east side of the Pequannock River as early as 1697 or 1698. It would seem that the purchasers, to make sure of an undisputed title to their land, procured an indenture of bargain and sale from the proprietors of both East and West Jersey, and that they had previously secured by purchase the Indian right. Schuyler and Brockholst were probably at the time residents of New Barbadoes, which was on the east side of the Passaic River, just above the present town of Belleville. It is believed that they were among the pioneers in the settlement in this region, and that they settled near each other, but on the east side of the Pequannock River, near where the late Dr. William Colfax lived, and that they settled there possibly about 1698 or 1700. It appears from the records that by a writing of bargain and sale, dated March 20th 1696, they had agreed, in anticipation of their contem- plated purchase, to dispose of one-third of the tract on the west side of Pequannock River to Nicholas Bayard; and also that by a writing dated March 5th 1702 they agreed to sell a part of this tract (the lower end, next the Passaic River) to Maurice Mourison. The bounds are stated as follows: "On the south by the Passaic River, east by the Pequannock, north to the hill or mountain lying over or against the lowermost part of the lowlands of Pequannock, and to the west upon the meadows along the Passaic." It appears that on the 15th of April 1710, in the ninth year of Queen Anne, Arent Schuyler deeded to " Symon Vanness," Isaac Le Maitre and John Comelytse a portion of this land; and that on the 27th of May 17 17 Arent Schuyler con- veyed one-third part of the lands bought by Schuyler and Brockholst, and lying west of the Pequannock River (excepting that part sold to Maurice Mourison and the bog valley), to Simon Vanness and John Le Maitre for ;^2io, equal to $525. This last conveyance was recorded September nth 1815. Adjoining the southern part of the Schuyler and Brockholst purchase on the west, and bordering on and extending up the Passaic River, a tract of 2,000 acres was taken up by George Willocks on the 6th of October 1699; this tract lay between the Hook Mountain range and the Passaic, and took in a considerable part of what is now known as Passaic Valley. About 17 12 William Penn took up a large tract, covering the Pine Brook neighborhood and nearly the whole of the southern part of what is now Montville township and extending over into Hanover township. OLD FAMILIES OF PEQUANNOCK. 267 Who first explored this section of country and brought the desirability of the land to the notice of the whites settled east of the Passaic River is not certainly known; but there is some reason to believe that it was Arent Schuyler, who had been sent from New York on some business with the Indians up at Minisink. Tradition, and the fact that mention is made of this journey in the historical documents of the State of New York, go to warrant this belief; and it is still farther strengthened by the fact that in the deed from the Indians to Schuyler June 6th 1695, in describing the location of the tract, mention is made of an old Indian path leading from the settlement east of the Passaic at New Barbadoes, through the Notch, to Pompton, and thence up the Pequannock Valley toMinisink on the Delaware, and the country on either hand renders impossible the existence of any other direct route. It is believed that Schuyler in pass- ing through this valley — where he found a few cleared spots used by the Indians in raising corn and tobacco, and also an Indian orchard near what is now called Pacquanack — was so impressed with the idea of its natural advantages that he soon took measures to secure the title to a large portion of it. Such is substantially the statement made some years ago by the Rev. Garret C. Schanck, who for years was pastor of the Pompton Plains church, while many of the old people were living, and when he had a better opportunity of tracing out the truth of traditions. Prominent among the names of those who first settled on Pompton Plains and in the vi- cinity are Brockholst, Schuyler, Vanderbeck, Vanness, Ryerson, Bayard, Berry, Mandeville, Rycker, Mead, Roome, Vangelder, Slingerland, De Bow, De Mott, and Jones. The following is taken from a statement furnished by Rev. Garret C. Schanck above mentioned to the Rev. John Van Nest Schenck, pastor in 1871, who was prepar- ing an historical discourse to be delivered on the occa- sion of reopening and dedicating the church there, which had been undergoing extensive repairs and alterations in that year. He says: " It may be well to notice the fact why it was that cer- tain families were of those who first settled at Pacquanack and at the Plains. The larger number of these were re- lated to each other by marriage; thus. the wife of Samuel Berry was Catharine Ryerson, sister of Josis, who on the death of her first husband, in 1702, married Paulus Van- derbeck in 1703. The mother of the Jones family who first settled here was a sister to Susanna Schriek, the wife of Anthony Brockholst. Ann Schouten, the wife of Josis Ryerson, was the widow of Tunis Dey, and Sarah Schouten (probably sister of Ann) married Jan Ricker. Jan Mead, the first of the name who settled here, married Margaret Mandeville, sister of Hendrick, one of' the first settlers. The wife of Peter Roome, the first of that family who settled here, was Anna Berry, daughter of Samuel Berry and Catharine Ryerson; this Peter Roome was a son of Peter Williamse Roome and Hester Van Gelder, thus allying these two families. " The Mandeville family is descended from Giles Jan- sen Mandeville, who fled from Normandy, in France, to Holland, and there married a Dutch woman, Elsje Hen- dricks, and came from Guelderland to New York in 1647. His son Hendrick married first, on July i8th 1680, Anetje Pierterse School, and lived some time at Hempstead, L. I.; and on her death married, the second time, April 21st 1699, Elizabeth Jane Berry, and about that time removed to and settled at Pacquanack. He died between 1709 and 1714 and left sons, by the first marriage David, and by the second, Hendrick, Johannis, and Giles. The second wife after his death married Brand Jacobus and had two sons, James and Abraham, the forefathers of the Jacobus family in this section. " The first of the Slingerland family, Nicholas, it is said, came from up the North River and became con- nected with the Roome family by marrying Catalyntje, daughter of Peter Roome and Anna Berry. " The Vanness family of this section of country are descended from Simon Vanness. His first wife was probably Rachel Van Deusen and they were living in Schenectady in 1689-90, when that place was destroyed by the Indians; and that child had a child born, Annetje, who subsequently married James Jacobus, and lived to the age of ninety-eight years and nine months. On the death of his first wife Mr Vanness married (on Decem- ber 19th 1700) Hester De Lachater, and about the date of his second marriage he settled at Fairfield, Essex county, New Jersey. He had sons — Hendrick, who settled on Pompton Plains, Isaac at Fairfield, Evert at Little Falls, N. J., and Simon, who settled at Pompton, or that part of the upper end of the plains called Pomp- ton. It is probable that this Simon Vanness is the same person to whom, with Isaac Le Maitre and John Com- elytse, Arent Schuyler on the 15th of April 17 10 sold a tract of land, and the same who with John Le Maitre on May 27th 1717 bought a tract of land situated on the west side of Pequannock River at the upper end of Pompton Plains. " The De Bow family came from New York at a later day; probably about 1727, as in that year, on the 23d of May, Garret De Bow married Maria, the second daughter of Paulus Van Derbeck, and probably soon after settled on the upper end of Pompton Plains. " The De Mott' "family" came from Bergen, and at a later date still; in 1740 Hendrick De Mott or his father Michael purchased land on the plains, and soon after that settled there. " The Doremus family were not among the original settlers here, and what was the name of the forefather in this country we cannot state; but as far as we can ascertain they came from Middlebury, on the island of Zealand, in Holland, about the year 1685, and settled at Acquackanonk. There appear to have been four broth- ers — Johannis, Thomas, Hendrick, and Josis; Johannis was born in Holland, and the others in this country at Acquackanonk. Johannis married (August 9th 17 10) Elizabeth Ackerman; Thomas (October 4th 1712) mar- ried Anneke Abrahamse Ackerman; Hendrick (April 14th 1714) married Annete Essels; Josis (March i6th 1717) married Maritze Berdan. Johannis lived at Preakness, and died between 1754-8, leaving a son Cornelius, who is probably the one who lived at Parsippany, Morris 'county, and from whom probably the greater part of that name in this valley are descended." The foregoing statement presents the names of those who took the lead in opening and clearing this vast region, once an unbroken wilderness and the home of the savage. There are but few men now living in Pequannock whose memory covers events more than seventy years ago. To Paul B. De Bow, aged 84, a descendant of one of the oldest families that settled in this town- 36 268 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ship, we are indebted for some items of information em- braced in the history of Pequannock. Mr. De Bow was born and has always lived in Pequannock; has for many years been one of its leading citizens; has been honored by the people with positions of trust; has always pursued the calling of a farmer; has acquired a comfortable com- petence, and now at an advanced age is living in the en- joyment of health and the merited esteem of his fellow citizens. Benjamin Roome, also a descendant of one of the old- est families, and who for many years has followed sur- veying, has been one of the deputy surveyors of the pro- prietors, and has surveyed much for the Rutherfords and other holders of large landed estates, which has enabled him so collect many important data as to old locations, ancient maps, deeds, etc. He is still in the ppssession of health and strength and has recently assisted in some surveying, although aged 83 years. His son William succeeds to the active business of surveying, having the aid not only of the valuable stock of papers, maps, etc., collected by his father, but a large addition which he has been industriously engaged in obtaining for himself. To him we are indebted for valuable information concerning the location of the first purchases of land in Pequannock. Prominent among those who first settled on the lower part of this valley — what is known as Beaver- town, and thence to the Passaic River — were men named De Hart, Dod, Post, Mourison, Cook, Vanness, Young, Mead, Mandeville, Terhune and Van Riper. The moun- tain range just back of what is known as Passaic Valley, bordering on the Passaic, was early in the settlement of this region known as Mourison Mountain, because Mau- rice Mourison at an early date (1702) bought and owned a large tract here, and some of his descendants by name have until within a few years owned land on this range. Hartman Vreeland also owned a tract of land on this mountain. In those early days lands were frequently changing hands, some buying for speculation and others for settlement. The records show at a period much later, in 1798, that Johannis and Simon Vrooman, res- idents of Schenectady, N. Y., conveyed to Cornelius P. Doremus, of Pequannock, for ;^i6o ($415), 82^ acres of land at what is known as Beavertown, adjoining land of Casparus Dodd, James Jacobus and John De Hart, and next to the Passaic River on the south. The valley along the Passaic River as far up as Pine Brook was in the beginning taken up principally by families of the names of Mandeville, Mead, Vreeland, Vanduyne, Young, Vanness, Kerris, Van Riper and Low, and has continued to the present day mainly in the pos- session of the descendants of these first families, with the exception of the names of Low and Kerris, which have disappeared. The early settlers in the neighborhood of Pine Brook were of the names of Vanduyne, Vreeland, Sisco, Van- ness, Miller, Young, and at a later date Baldwin, Sand- ford, Stagg, Crane, Gaines and Dod. Proceeding north of this we come to a neighborhood settled in the beginning principally by families of the name of Baldwin, Courter, Jacobus and Stiles. Indeed, there were so many in this vicinity of the name of Stiles that the neighborhood was called Stiles Town, which name it retained for many years; and even now it is so called by some old persons, although among the present families living there that name has disappeared, with the exception of one Levi Stiles, aged 85 years. Those of the names of Crane, Dod, Baldwin, Gaines and Stiles were of English descent, and came originally from Connecticut; the others were of Dutch descent, and came mostly from Bergen, New York city and the early Dutch settlements on the Hudson River. The neighborhood next north of this, known as Lower Montville, was first settled by families of the names of Davenport, Hyler, Parlaman, Gould, Kool, Eelsler (or Estler as it is now called), MiUege and Dod. Among the first of those settling in this neighborhood was Humphrey Davenport, who came from Kingston on the Hudson River and bought through Thomas Stevenson from the proprietors of West Jersey a tract of 750 acres of land; the allowance made in those days of ten acres to the hundred for roads would really make this tract con- tain 825 acres. The deed bears date October 2nd 1714, and the survey as stated was made by virtue of a warrant in favor of Thomas Stevenson, approved by the council of proprietors in 1712. This tract commenced at a white oak tree standing on the east bank of the Rocka- way River about where the southeast corner of Zabris- kie's grist-mill now stands, and ran in a straight course easterly 382 perches, to or near the top of the mountain; then southerly 300 perches, and thence westerly 444 perches, to the Rockaway River, and thence up the same to the place of beginning. Humphrey Davenport built on this tract, nearly opposite the present residence of Dr. Richard S. Farrand. He must have brought with him from Kingston quite a family of children, and some of them pretty well grown; as we find by the church records at Acquackanonk (now Passaic) that on the 31st of October 1728 his daughter Sarah married Jacob Kool; and that another daughter, Helena, on July 4th 1729 married James Millege; and that June 14th 1733 Nicho- las Hyler married Rachel Davenport, another daughter. The Davenport and Hyler families became further con- nected by intermarriage, as Humphrey Davenport jr., July 3d 1731, married Elizabeth Hyler, a sister of Nicho- las. John Parlaman married Mary Hyler, a sister of Nicholas. The Hyler, Davenport, and Parlaman fami- lies were probably of those who first settled in this vicin- ity. When Humphrey Davenport bought his tract Joseph Kirkbride and Richard Bull owned land just north and northwesterly of it. Immediately north of the " Daven- port tract," and partly bounded by, the river on the south, Richard Bull and Uriah Roe in 1715 took up a tract of 650 acres, extending north nearly to the village of Upper Montville. In 1 7 15 John Scott, a merchant of Newport, Rhode Island, by virtue of a warrant from the council of pro- prietors, had surveyed for him a tract of 1,000 acres of FlRSt LANt) tljRCHASfiS IN PEQUANNOCK TOWNSHIP. 5(39 land lying westward and extending up the river to a point just above where the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad crosses the stream at Boonton. Scott lived and died at Newport, and doubtless bought this tract of land on speculation; he died possessed of it and it descended to his heirs. The heirs it appears owned it in i745> 2is on the 23d of April that year they sold the whole tract, for ^^400 York currency (|i,ooo), to Jacob Piere and John Vreeland, of Newark. Piere and Vreeland no doubt bought this land intending to settle upon it, as they came here at once, and with them came a num- ber of relatives of the same name, to whom they disposed of one half of the whole tract; they divided the whole tract into four parts and numbered them i, 2, 3 and 4. The third tract they sold to Simon "Vreeland, who sold it to Abraham Low September 25th. 1749; in 1765 Low sold 150 acres of it to Edmund Kingsland. The first and second quarters Jacob Piere and John Vreeland divided between themselves. The fourth tract, the most westward, extending to Old Boonton and up the river to a point near the Boonton iron works, in the present town of Boonton, they sold to Thomas Piere. This fourth tract has remained in the possession of the de- scendants of Thomas Piere (now spelled Peer) to the present time, with the exception of a small part sold about 1829 and 1830 for the use of the New Jersey Iron Company, and some since disposed of for building sites. As a considerable part of the town of Boonton is built upon a part of the fourth tract above mentioned it may be of interest to state more particularly the exact location of this thousand acres purchased by John Scott in 1715, and sold by his heirs to Jacob Piere and John Vreeland in 1745, and give the description of the bound- aries thereof. The beginning corner of this whole tract is at a point where once stood a white oak tree, on the north bank of the Rockaway River, in the line of lands now owned by William G. Lathrop and the sons of Henry Banta. We copy from the original map and survey made by John Reading jr., deputy surveyor. May sth 1 7 15, the following description: "By virtue of a warrant from ye coun'l of prop'trs bearing date ye loth of March 17 15 surveyed this Tract of land unto John Scott in ye last Indian purchases made by ye s'd coun'l, above ye branch of Rarington, between ye river Delaware, ye bounds of ye Eastern Division of ye s'd Province, fronting upon Rockaway River; beginning at a white oak tree, corner of Richard BuU's'land, thence along said Bull's line N. eastwardly forty-two degrees, ninety-seven chains to a white oak tree corner of Jacob Kirkbride's land; thence along his line' N. easterly eighty degrees, sixty-nine chains to a black oak corner tree; thence S. westwardly fifty degrees, one hundred and forty-five chains to a gum tree standing by ye side of ye aforesaid River; thence down ye River ye several courses thereof to ye first mentioned corner; containing one thousand acres, besides ye usual allow- ance for highways." This was approved by the council of proprietors and ordered to be recorded August 23d 1715. This original John Scott tract was resurveyed and mapped by Lemuel Cobb in 1796, and reported by him to contain 1,115 acres; this gave each of the four divisions a little over 275 acres. Abraham Low paid Simon Vreeland ;^2oo, equal to $500, for one-quarter of the whole tract. Edmund Kingsland married for his second wife Anna Low, a daughter of Abraham Low. In 18 16 Edmund Kingsland sold to John Low, for $750, 25 of the 150 acres that he purchased from Abraham Low. This serves to give some idea of the appreciation of desirable lands in those days. North of and adjoining the 1,000-acre tract of John Scott a tract of 3,650 acres was taken up by William Burnett and Courtlandt Skinner; this included a part of Rockaway Valley, and extended on the west side of Rockaway River into Hanover township. On the 31st day of October 1765 Burnett and Skinner conveyed this tract to David Ogden, who a few years before had come into possession of an adjoining tract further down and on the west side of the river, including the iron works at Old Boonton. This latter with the 3,650-acre tract made a tract of 4,066 acres, afterward known as the " great Boonton tract." East of and adjoining the 1,000-acre tract which was divided as above related, in 17 15 Joseph Kirkbride, of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and John Job, of Middle- town, Monmouth county, N. J., took up a tract of 1,250 acres, extending eastward toward the bog valley on the west of Pompton Plains. On the 14th of April 17 18 John Job conveyed his interest to Joseph Kirkbride, and on the 5th of May 1719 Joseph Kirkbride sold out to John Koarta. In 1722 John Koarta sold 288 acres to Jacob Demouth, who sold the same in 1730 to Martin Van- duyne. These and other similar facts as they appear upon the records show conclusively that families of the names of Demouth (or " Deraoudt," as originally spelled). Miller, Hoppler and others had settled in what is known as Rockaway Valley at an early date — some time prior to 1722; and that the purchase made by Martin Van- duyne as above stated marks the settlement of that family in the neighborhood of Montville. The name " Koarta " is probably the same as that now spelled Courter, which is a name quite common in the township. Montville and its vicinity were first settled by a few families probably about the year 17 16. Prominent among those who first located in this neighborhood were the names of Hyler, Vanduyne, Miller and Parlaman. The forefather of the Hylers was probably one Peter Hyler who came from Holland; he had sons Nicholas and Philip, and daughters Mary and Elizabeth. Nicho- las married Rachel Davenport in 1733, Humphrey Da- venport jr. married Elizabeth Hyler in 1731, and Mary Hyler married John Parlaman. Among those who first settled in Rockaway Valley and what is now the upper part of Boonton and Montville townships were persons named Miller, Hoppler, De- mouth, Van Riper, and a little later Kanouse, Tucker Fredericks, Ockabock, and Stickle; many of them were of Dutch descent, some English. The Kanouse family were of German origin, the name 270 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. being originally spelled "Knauss." All of that name in this vicinity and in the vicinity of Newfoundland are traceable to two brothers who came from Wurtemburg, Germany, about 1750. One, Jacob, settled in Rockaway Valley, near Powerville, aiid the other, called " Honiery," settled in Bergen county (now Passaic), near John P. Brown's hotel at Newfoundland; his old homestead farm is now the property of John P. Brown, who is his great- grandson. There is a well authenticated tradition per- taining to these two brothers that they emigrated to America before they had attained to full age, and were accompanied by a half brother who was older, a son of their mother by her first marriage; that they were pro- vided with a moderate amount of means, enough to give them a start in the world and pay their expenses. When the vessel arrived in New York their half brother, in whose keeping the funds had been placed, und'er some plausible excuse' but possibly in collusion with the cap- tain, went ashore first, and failed to return. They were then told that their passage had not been paid, and that they would have to be sold to service to pay their ex- penses, which the captain proceeded to do. Such it ap- pears was the practice with captains of ships in those days. The brother Honiery was sold to Luke Ryerson, who resided on the east side of Pequannock River near Pompton Plains. While serving there he became ac- quainted with a German girl working with the same fam- ily, and who had been bought by Ryerson under like circumstances. Honiery after serving out his term also served for the balance of the girl's term, and took her for his wife. There are descendants of Luke Ryerson living, who distinctly recollect hearing their ancestors speak of this circumstance of young " Knauss " and the German girl, and that after they were married they went away and settled near Newfoundland, where in after years he became the owner of a nice farm. Jacob after serving his term settled prior to 1766 at Rockaway Val- ley, near Powerville, in Pequannock township. The records of Pequannock township show that in 1766 a stray heifer was posted by him, and the county records show that he bought land in 1768, in the description of which mention is made of a brook running near the house of Jacob Kanouse, thus warranting the inference that he had previously bought land and built a house. That homestead, an old-fashioned frame building, is standing and occupied by the widow and children of Daniel Kanouse, who was a grandson. Jacob Kanouse died in 182 1, at an advanced age. Peter Kanouse, his oldest son by his last marriage, was born August 20th 1784, at Rockaway Valley, in Pe- quannock township. He learned the trade of a black- smith and for several years worked at it in the upper part of Rockaway Valley, near Denville and Rock- away. He also at the same time owned and cultivated a small farm. While at work at his trade he had indulged a wish to study for the ministry, and after the death' of his wife he set himself resolutely to the realization of his purpose; he pursued a limited course of study at Bloom- field Academy, under the charge of Amzi Armstrong. His theological studies were pursued under Dr. James Richards at Newark, and with Gideon N. Judd at Bloom- field. In 1818 he was licensed by the presbytery to preach. In the latter part of the year 1818, accompanied by his youngest brother, John G., then just married to Miss Elizabeth Dod, and the Rev. Mr. Jewell of Newark, he sailed from New York for the country of the Choctaw Indians, via New Orleans. John George Kanouse and Miss Dod, the first aged 19 and the latter 16, were mar- ried at the house of her stepfather. Judge Harrison, at Caldwell, Essex county, N. J., and started the next day upon this hazardous journey into the country of uncivil- ized Indians. Two months were occupied in reaching their destination, on the Yazoo River near Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Rev. Peter Kanouse and the Rev. Mr. Jewell went to labor as missionaries. John George Kanouse, who had learned the trade of a carpenter, went to have the supervision of business in the erection of mission buildings. They remained about two years and returned. These Choctaw mission buildings were within the late battle ground before Vicksburg, and some who were with Grant in 1863 reported these buildings as then standing, and an object of interest, evincing the 'substantial manner in which they had been erected. After his return from the Indiaii mission John G. Kanouse removed to Newark, Wayne county, N. Y., where he pursued his trade several years. He too cher- ished a desire to enter the ministry, and after pursuing a course of preparatory study was licensed. For several years he was pastor of a church at Saline, Mich. He then removed to Wisconsin, near Madison, where he re- sided until his death, which occurred a few years prior to the death of his brother Peter. The Rev, Peter Kanouse was settled as pastor of the Presbyterian church at Succasunna Plains, Morris county, January 23d 1823. He labored here with success until June 1828, and then went to Wantage church, Sussex county. Here his preaching was wonderfully successful. He next accepted a call to the Clinton Street Free Pres- byterian Church, Newark; afterward he officiated as pastor at Beemerville, Sussex county; at Unionville on the borders of Sussex, and at Poughkeepsie; then he re- moved to Wisconsin, where he remained but a short time. The larger part of his public career was spent in Sussex county, N. J. He returned from Wisconsin to Decker- town, N. J., where he was settled as pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Wantage. Here he built a house and resided until his death, which occurred May 30th 1864. We quote in regard to him the language of Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, president of Wabash College, Indiana: " In person he was tall and very comely; his face was a fine one, and when lighted up with preaching or conver- sation was not to be forgotten. He was a most attrac- tive conversationist; he was, in his best mood, a very eloquent- preacher— logical, scriptural, tender, vehement, grand. He was a noble Christian man, and for once at least proved that a good blacksmith may become a good preacher." PIONEER ECONOMY IN PEQUANNOCK TOWNSHIP. 271 Early Customs of the People. One hundred years ago and fifty years prior thereto most of the people in this region were engaged in clear- ing and tilling the land. Up to 1760 there were few roads adapted to easy tran sportation and travel; con- sequently very few visted the neighboring towns, and there were many who did not leave their own township from one year's end to another. The liberalizing in- fluence of social intercourse was little felt or appreciated, except so far as regarded the occasional meeting of res- idents in the vicinity for mutual aid. When a building was aibout to be erected, and the frame was ready, peo- ple for a number of miles around would come to the " raising," as it was called; and such aid was the more necessary then, when frames were made of larger and heavier timbers, which required the help of many strong arms to put them in place. The smallness of the de- mand for the surplus produce of the farm made money scarce, and the people, generally unable to hire, were compelled to rely mainly upon helping themselves in their farming work, except at times when they would invite the people in the vicinity to come to a "bee," or " frolic," as it was called, to effect a speedy accomplishment of cer- tain kinds of work. Thus they had their " stone frolics," which were to pick up and haul off stones from a lot; frolics for drawing out manure; frolics for plowing, and mowing frolics, at which there would often be a strife among the young and strong men to see who could mow the best and the most. From 1760 to about 1830, a period of seventy years, the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage was quite general among the people of all classes. It was then the prevalent opinion that harvest- ing could not be done without a pail of water and a bot- tle of whiskey in the field, for quenching the thirst and supporting the strength of the reapers and mowers. It often happened that some among the mowers or reapers, whose thirst led them to imbibe too freely from the bottle, became so dizzy and weary that they were obliged to seek rest for a while under the shade of some bush; and hence no doubt the origin of the saying, " Look out or you will get bushed before night." The custom in those days as regarded the corn crop was, when the grain began to glaze, to "top" the corn by cutting off the stalks just above the setting of the ears; these tops were tied in bundles, and when dried were stored for winter fodder. When the ears remaining on the standing stalks were thoroughly ripened and dried in the husks the farmer went through with his wagon, plucked the ears and put them under shelter. Then would come an invitation to his neighbors to a " husking frolic," as it was called; old men, the middle aged, young men and young maidens would respond, and coming together at an early hour in the afternoon would proceed to work. A strife often sprung up among the workers to see who could husk the most or find the greatest number of red ears of corn; and thus, with some indulgence in gossip, or merry song, the hours sped pleasantly, and in a short time hundreds of bushels of ears of corn were stripped of their husks, and made ready for the owner to crib the next day. When darkness approached an adjourn- ment was made to the house, where the good wife had prepared and spread upon her tables a bountiful supper, in which that most popular dish of the day, a chicken potpie, formed the chief item, accompanied by a liberal supply of pumpkin pies. Supper over, the young people would amuse themselves by singing or dancing, or in some kind of games for a time, and then the young men would see the young maidens safely to their homes; and thus ended the "husking frolic" of those days. Beside those already mentioned there were apple-par- ing "bees "-or " frolics," at which young people would meet and have a pleasant time in aiding to peel, core and slice apples, to be dried for future use. Young women of an indu-strious and persevering turn would often dry apples enough to bring quite a number of dollars, which they were allowed to apply to their own'use. Then there were quilting bees, at which neighboring women would meet to quilt blankets for family use. Thus it was that much tedious and hard work was accomplished by a sys- tem of mutual aid and combined effort. Those who ■participated in it were none the poorer for it, and had the satisfaction of contributing to the comfort and pros- perity of their neighbors. Such neighborhood gatherings constituted the principal social intercourse of the people, not only during the early days of the settlement, but for a long period thereafter. The habits of the people as regarded the keeping of cattle in the early days of the settlement here, and for about a hundred years subsequent, were widely different from the practice of the present day. Then the prevail- ing idea appeared to be that horned cattle required no shelter, that to house them would have the effect to weaken and degenerate them; consequently no shelter was provided save perhaps a small barricade of logs or brush, or a board fence to break the force of the wind and thus afford a little protection from the cold of win- ter. At length some improvement was made on this by the erection of an attachment to the barn, so constructed as to afford storage for hay above, while the lower story was left open on one side, facing to the south or east, for cattle to go under. This was called a cow-house, and to some extent answered a good purpose; but where the stock kept was numerous the room was monopolized by a part, while the more timid animals were crowded out. The more observent among the people were not slow to discover the good effect of better shelter upon their stock; that it tended not only to a general improvement in appearance and condition, but as regarded cows to in- crease the yield of milk and butter. The rapid and great increase in the population of neighboring cities and towns has made an increased demand for milk and butter, milk being in brisk demand at five or six times the price sev- enty-five years ago, and butter readily bringing from one to three hundred per cent. more. One consequence is that cattle are now stabled and better fed. This change has been found not only conducive to economy in prov- ender, but to give more remunerative results. 272 ttlSTORY OF MORRIS COtTNTY. In those early days no butcher drove up to the farm- er's door with a supply of fresh meats; salted meats were the almost universal food during the greater part of the year. Now and then a calf, a sheep, or a lamb fell a victim to the necessity for a change. To make use of fresh meat thus procured, it was the custom for a farmer, when he wished to kill a calf, sheep or lamb, to go to his neighbors and see who would take a part; to be repaid in kind when a neighbor might wish to kill one of his own. To keep meat fresh as long as possible resort was had to suspending a piece by a rope in the well. Salted mackerel were not known in the market in those days. It was the prevailing custom for a long time for farmers to make a trip to Newark or New York in the spring, taking with them such produce as they had for sale, and procure a supply of fresh shad, wh^ch were salted down in barrels for summer use. In the beginning of the settlements here and for sev- enty-five years thereafter most of the clothing used was of domestic manufacture. It is true that among the more wealthy there were some who had their extras of silk and satin, fine linen and laces, jewelry etc., but gen- erally the material used was of a substantial kind and both hand and home made. Every farmer raised his patch of flax, which when cured and properly dressed was spun with a greater or less degree of fineness accord- ing to the purpose for which intended, and then woven into cloth and bleached on the grass in the sun. This made a very substantial linen cloth, that was used for under garments, sheets, pillow-cases, table-cloths and toweling. The tow, the coarser part of the flax, was in part used for making ropes for harness and other pur- poses, and a part was spun and woven into a coarser cloth, suitable for grain bags and for pantaloons for sum- mer wear. Considerable taste and ingenuity was shown by some in making a kind of duck striped with two col- ors, for men's wear. The cloth called " linsey woolsey" was made of linen and wool, with various patterns of stripes, and used for women's wear. It was the practice of almost every farmer to keep sheep, not only for the meat but for a supply of wool. In making cloth for men's wear the general practice was to first color the wool by means of a dye made with butternut bark, after which it was carded, spun, and woven into cloth, and then taken to a fulling-mill and napped and dressed- This made a cloth of a peculiar shade of brown, literally dyed in the wool, durable in wear and lasting in color. It is certain there was no " shoddy " in those cloths, and it is quite sure, as events proved, that there was, so to speak, very little shoddy about the men of those days. The men generally wore knee breeches, long stockings, and shoes, the breeches buckling just below the knees; long pantaloons were not much in use until after the Revo- lutionary war. Many took pains to have both knee and shoe buckles made of solid silver, which were kept bright to be used on Sundays and dress-up occasions. Woman's dress, especially among the Dutch families, consisted of the linsey woolsey petticoat and short gown, with a handkerchief pinned over the shoulders; and also of a colored pressed flannel of domestic make, resembling somewhat the pressed flannels and cloths now in use except as to fineness of fabric and color. In those days there were no stores for the sale of ready-made shoes. The general custom was to employ an itinerant tailoress, who would come to the house and make up clothes for the whole family ; and as regarded shoes, to employ a shoemaker who went from house to house making up shoes for the family. In the early days of our colonial ancestors fashion had her freaks, but not so marked and varied as in modern times. The people, trained by circumstances, were plain in their manners and simple in their habits ; and in the matter of apparel paid more attention to durability and comfort than to finery and show. Ladies' bonnets then, in form and substance, were designed more for protec- tion than ornament. Women and children generally wore substantial leather shoes, and every prudent farmer took care to keep a stock of leather on hand for family use. Tanning in the colonies, although an individual industry, was sufficient to supply local demands for leather and shoemaking. The township of Pequannock from the abundance of its forests furnished hooppoles and bark for market, and by many farmers these were greatly relied upon as means of raising money ; hence in 1790, when owing to the increased demand the price of bark rose from $3.00 to $4.50 per cord, there was great rejoicing and encouragement throughout the township. In the early days overshoes were little used ; there were a few made of leather, some of carpet or stout cloth with leather bottoms, and others of soft dressed buckskin, after the style of the Indian moccasin except that they were fitted with leather bottoms. India rubber overshoes were not introduced until after 1825, and at first were in a very unsightly form compared to the present style. These domestic manufactures doubtless were in the beginning largely the prompting of urgent necessity; in the absence of demand there was not an adequate supply of foreign fabrics; the people were generally unable to buy, because they produced but little to sell. But from 1750 to 1765 there was a change in the situation. The people, through the improved condition of their farms, had a surplus of produce to sell, and thereby were able to purchase. Considerable commerce had sprung up at New York; foreign goods were imported in larger quan- tities, and sold and distributed through the country. But the attention of the people had been attracted to the policy manifested by Great Britain in taxing the imports of the colonies as well as the exports, and in an act of Parliament forbidding the manufacture of iron in America except in the form of bars or pigs, and pro- hibiting the manufacture of some other articles; all show- ing a purpose not only to create a monopoly for English manufactories, but to tax the people of the colonies for the benefit of the mother country without their consent. When in 1765 she attempted to enforce -the stamp act public indignation could no longer be restrained. Tra- dition informs us that the citizens of Pequannock were aroused, and active and decided then, as they ever have PUBLIC MORALS IN OLD PEQUANNOCK— LOCAL GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 273 been since whenever anything threatened liberty or in- fringed upon right; that they were earnest in their de- termination to forego the use of foreign goods, and to unite in a mutual compact throughout all the colonies to that end. Then it was that domestic manufactures were turned to with renewed interest, being regarded not only as a matter of necessity but a duty, and consequently carding, spinning, weaving and knitting became the daily employment alike of the common people and of ladies of fashion. It is said that the people in Pequan- nock, in conformity with the action of the people else- where, enjoined it upon themselves to abstain as far as possible from using mutton that there might be a full supply of wool. So true were the people in adhering to their mutual compact that in a short time leading cit- izens, doctors, lawyers, ministers and judges, considered it an honor to appear in homemade apparel; and it became the habit of ladies of education, wealth and refinement, in visiting their neighbors to take with thera some kind of work, so that while their tongues were engaged their fingers might also be employed. Thus events showed that the policy pursued by Great Britain was urging the colonists to study and practice self-reliance, and bring- ing them gradually to a condition of self-dependence, which was the most important step toward their independ- ence. A great majority of the people upon mature consideration had come '.o the conclusion, and so de- clared, that the measures of Parliament for taxing the colonies were groundless and unjust. In this respect they showed ability to think more rationally on a matter of public concern than some of the statesmen of Great Britain who then had control of that government. The records of this township present some facts that enable us to form a conception of the prevailing moral sentiment of the people at an early day. We find it re- corded that in 1773 fines were collected for profane swearing, that in 1779 fines of one pound each were col- lected for tippling and Sabbath-breaking, and that tavern keepers paid a license fee to the township. This goes to show that the early settlers and their descendants enter- tained some views similar to those of the Puritans who settled the New England States. Facts within the recol- lection of many persons still living go to show that forty or fifty years later the tone of public moral sentiment had become lowered. At that period the use of intoxi- cating liquors had become quite general, not only in this township but throughout the county and State; so much so that it had fastened upon many prominent men in the community the vice of drunkenness. There was scarcely a family of any standing that did not have its decanter of liquor, if not for its own use yet to be offered to friends and neighbors when calling, as a mark of polite- ness and kindly regard. There is a tradition, well au- thenticated, that several of the ministers of the churches became addicted to drinking, and the one who officiated occasionally at Old Boonton church, and also one who officiated at the Pompton Plains church, were accustomed to exhort their people by saying, " Do as I tell you, not as I do; " thus evincing a consciousness that their exam- ple did not at all times accord with their precepts. It is recorded that some of these erring ministers became so enslaved to this vicious appetite that they were on that account ultimately deposed from the ministry. Origin of Names of Places. There has been much speculation as to the origin of the name of Boonton, which at first was spelled Boone- town, as it appears in old documents. From the facts that David Ogden came into possession of this prop- erty, having on it iron works and a number of dwellings and other buildings, in 1759, and in 1760 Thomas Boone was the newly appointed provincial governor, and had visited Ogden at these iron works (known then as the Old Forge), the most reasonable conclusion appears to be that David Ogden named the place after the governor, and called it "Boonetown." This continued to be the way of spelling the name for many years. The first post- office in this vicinity was established at Boonetown in 1795, and Rodolphus Kent was postmaster until 1798, when Richard B. Faesch was appointed. He served to February 3d 1817, when the office was changed to Par- sippany, a place two miles farther west, and George D. Brinkerhoff became postmaster. In 1829, when the New Jersey Iron Company commenced the erection of their great iron works at a point about one mile further up, and just below the falls in the Rockaway River, the name adopted for that locality was Booneton Falls; this name continued in use for about seventeen years. When, in 1846, the first post-office was established here the name was abbreviated by omitting e and Falls, making it Boon- ton, and after that the name Old Boonton was applied to the locality of the old forge a mile below. The locality known as Montville was first called Uyle- kill, which was a conformity to the Dutch pronunciation of Owl Kill, the name given to the creek and the valley through which it runs for about a mile and a half to its junction with the river. About the close of the last cen- tury Elijah Dod and John Pierson were joint owners of the grist-mill and other property there; and it is said they substituted the name Montville, from a place in Connecticut. The name " Waughaw,'' applied to the valley three miles east of Montville, is of Indian origin, and in old documents is sometimes found written " Ta Waughaw." The locality northeast of this, known as Jacksonville, containing eight or ten dwellings and a school-house, is said to have derived its name from the fact that fifty years ago all the people there were politically Jackson men, and voted for General Jackson for President. Beavertown (now a station on the Delaware, Lacka- wanna and Western Railroad, called Lincoln Park) took its name from the fact that in the early settlement of the place great numbers of beavers were found frequenting a creek passing through, then called Beaver Dam Brook. Pompton and Pequannock are both names derived from Indian tribes. Whitehall, a station on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, derived its name fifty years ago from 274 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. the circumstance that a man who kept a store there had his house and store painted white, and two or three small buildings near by whitewashed, and. called the place White Hall. In some old deeds, in the description of property at the upper end of Pompton Plains and the vicinity, men- tion is made of the village of " New Greenwich." It ap- pears that about 1790 this name was given to the little settlement on the Paterson and Hamburg turnpike where Judge Robert Colfax lived, where Peter Jackson and afterward his son James kept a store, and where Slater's woolen factory is; but, a village failing to grow up, the nariie was dropped and has been forgotten by the oldest inhabitants now living. Town Meetings. The first mode of conducting town meetings, as to the election of ofificers and the decision of questions to be submitted, was by what is called a ''^ viva voce" vote. This method continued without interruption for over one hundred years, to 1853, when the law was made requiring a vote by ballot as at State and county elections. The old method was a true democratic mode, and some be- lieve it tended to keep the people generally better in- formed as to township matters, and gave them a better opportunity to exercise a free choice. Under the present system the experience of more than twenty-five years has shown that too often a caucus of a dozen or less, fre- quently controlled by two or three, selects the candi- dates; and the result is thai the masses are led to the polls to ratify the dictation of a few. Many believe that under the old system the caucus would have less power and interested wire-pullers less opportunity to exercise their cunning. While the first system was in use party lines were not strictly adhered to in the selection of township ofiScers, but good men were selected from both parties for town- ship committees and some other positions. Since the change to ballot party lines have been more closely drawn. At the first town meeting held in Pequannock, on the loth of March 1741, Martin Vanduyne was chosen town clerk, Peter Roome assessor, Paulus Vanderbeck col- lector, Abraham Vanduyne and Henry Vanness freehold- ers. There were not in those days as many town offices as at present. The officers were town clerk, assessor, collector, two freeholders, two surveyors of highway, two overseers of the poor, and overseers of the highway. At the first meeting only two overseers of the highway were chosen. Fourteen years later only four were chosen ; at the end of twenty years there were only seven, and five years later, in 1766, only ten overseers of the highway were chosen at town meeting. Most of the territory in Pequannock was then yet a wilderness, with very few roads passable with wagons ; to the first forges built in the vicinity iron ore was transported in leather bags on the backs of horses. Farmers generally in those days carried their grain in bags on horses' backs to mill because there were so few roads. The accounts of the overseers of the poor and the col- lector were examined by two chosen freeholders and the justice of the peace, and this practice continued about forty years. In 1777 a committee was appointed to de- termine as to unjust assessments, and in 1780 a com- mittee of three was chosen for that purpose, called com- missioners of appeals. In 1778 a committee of three was chosen to settle with the overseers of the poor, but in 1786 a committee of five was appointed to settle with the overseers of the poor and the collectors. This was the first of what is now the township committee. From 1841 to 1849 two constables were' elected for each year, but after that for about tiventy-seven years the town books show no record of the election of constables. The county court it appears exercisedthe right of appointing the constables up to the time of the Revolution. For many years it was the practice to decide at town meet- ings what the pay should be to the overseers of the poor and the justices of the peace for attending to the poor, and the allowance made was fifty cents, or four shillings, per day for each. Popular Sentiment in 1776. The beginning of the American Revolution found the people of this county divided in sentiment. It not in- frequently happened that such division was found not only in the same neighborhood, but among the members of the same family, which tended to estrangement and to create a general sense of insecurity, that rendered great caution and watchfulness necessary for public safety. Consequently we find the people in Pequannock township, fearing such dangers, at an early period in i 776 prepared to protect themselves by organizing committees of safety, vigilance committees and minute men, as they were styled. As to this we have not only the authority of tradition, but unquestioned documentary evidence. Although there doubtless were in this township some who openly favored the cause of the king, and many who, dreading the great power of England, and the possible confiscation of property, feared to openly declare their position, yet there is evidence that a ma- jority of the leading citizens of the township, early in 1776, took a most decided stand in support of the meas- ures of the Continental Congress. The township record shows that public action was taken at a town meeting on the i2th of March 1776, and Joseph Hoff, Joseph Conger, William Ross, Stephen Jackson, Job Allen, Anthony Mandeville, Phineas Farrand, Hendrick Doremus, Robert Gould jr., and John Parlaman were appointed to be a committee of observation. They were selected from the western, eastern and middle parts of the township, for the purpose of watching closely those who were active in favoring the cause of the king. Subsequently a com- mittee of safety was formed, composed of Robert Gaston, Moses Tuttle, Stephen Jackson, Abraham Kitchel and Job Allen. An article of agreement was also drawn up and numerously signed, which was in the keeping of Stephen Jackson, a member of that committee. From him that paper came down to Colonel Joseph Jackson, REVOLUTIONARY PATRIOTS OF PEQUANNOCK TOWNSHIP. 27s his son, late of Rockaway, and a copy of it was taken by Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle. The terms of the agreement are not only of interest, but the names of the subscribers. The paper is as follows: We, the subscribers, freeholders and inhabitants of the township of Pequannock, in the county of Morris and province of New Jersey, having long viewed with con- cern the avowed design of the ministry of Great Britain to raise a revenue in America, being deeply affected with the cruel hostilities already commenced in Massachusetts Bay for carrying that arbitrary design into execution, convinced that the preservation of the rights and priv- ileges of America depends, under God, on the firm union of its irihabitants, do, with hearts abhorring slavery, and ardetitly wishing for a reconciliation with our parent state on constitutional principles, solemnly associate and resolve under the sacred lies of virtue, honor and love of our country, that we will personally, and so far as our in- fluence extends, endeavor to support -and carry into ex- ecution whatever measures may be recommended by the Continental and Provincial Congresses for defending our constitution and preserving the s-ame inviolate, accord- ing to the resolutions of the aforesaid Continental and Provincial Congresses, firmly determined by all means in our power to guard against the disorders and confusions to which the peculiar circumstances of the times may ex pose us. " We do also further associate and agree, as far as shall be consistent with the measures adopted for the preser- vation of American freedom, to support the magistrates and other civil officers in the execution of their duty agreeable to the laws of the colony, and to observe the directions of our committee acting. "Robert Gaston, John Munson, Moses Tuttle, John Gould, Joseph Conger, Edward Jackson, Elijah Leonard, Benajah Danels, Samuel Martin, .Joseph Hoff, Garrett Hoff, John Hoff, Charles Hoff jr., Robert Wilson, Sam- uel Blair, Alexander Bates, John Reynolds, Benjamin Fairchild, James Coulter, Jonathan Johnson, John Cardy, Charles Crawley, John Robeson sen., John Robeson jr., David Vanderpool, Peter Johnson, Eliphalet Lyon, Wil- liam Cough, Gershom Wiggins, James Nox, John DeBow, John White, William Upham, John Wilson, John Gal- loway, Richard Van Cock, James Cardiff, Joseph Holmes, Gillis McPherson, James Ronal, Thomas Price, George G. Barr, John Magie, James Norton, William Edwards, John Browne, John Wilson, Isaac Miller, Peter Little, Edward McRank, Jonathan Salsbury, Hugh Quigg, Charles Stuart, John Lee, Samuel Harris, Christian Hoff- man, John Biard, John Davis, Ada Showen, J. Jackson, William Rose, Louis Demorest Dunzoy, James McUrdy, James Mitchel, James Daily, Henry Stock, Hugh Davis, John Richardson, Henry Link, Jan Bigelow, James Tharp, Daniel Talmage, Jonathan Carrington, John Wilson, Joshua Moore, Mark Walton, William Ross, David Be- man, Isaac Vanduyne, Joseph Harriman, Richard Harri- man, Josias Goldsmith, William Drummon, John King, Samuel Lindley, Joseph Porter, Aaron Willis, Job Allen, Stephen Jackson, Israel Youngs, Ebenezer Tuttle, Jabez Biglow, David Allen, Henry Berry jr., Joseph Rogers, Seth Mahurin, Silas Hathaway,. Joseph Hull, Aaron Big- low, John Harriman, Aaron Hedden, Joseph Bedford, Isaac Ross, John Pierson, Daniel Jackson, William Fisher, Josiah Biglow, John Miller, Michael Montgomery, John McConnel, Peter Hyler, Josiah Beman, William Price, Daniel Biglow, Josiah Beman, Isaac Kelly, William Howard, Helmer Kent, Hiram Howard, James Hindes, Arthur Young, Jacob Lyon, John Peer, LuraanRobeards, Benjamin Wankle, John Marinus, Daniel Hayward, Moses Stiles, Phineas Farrand, Philip Price jr., Peter Francisco, Philip Dorman, John Doremus, Philip Hiler, Samuel Farrand, Jake Harrison, Henry Young, Samuel Price, Humphrey Davenport, Thomas Welshear, Martin Freder- ick, Abraham Loughenner, John Esseler, Mouris Mouri- son, Peter Hiler jr., Brant Jacobus, Philip Holenkous, Abraham Jacobus, Cornelius A. Jacobus, Henry Hen- nion, John Cone, Martin Frederick sen., Hinery Mouris- son, James Jacobus, Nathan Cone, Coon Vreeland, Hen- ery Van Houten, John Pear, John Parlaman, Abraham Peer, Nicholas Hiler, Edmund Kingsland, John Hiler, Henry Lowerus, Cornelius Jacobus, James Jennings, Pe- ter Tice, John Nix, Conrod Esler, Martin Young, Jacob Vanduyne, Jacob Hoppon, James Shane, Garret Farrall, Peter Roburds, Jacob Hiler, John Miller jr. of jrs." Mr. Tuttle says that this paper is signed by one hun- dred and seventy-seven names, that some of these names are splendid specimens of penmanship, but others are scarcely legible; that eighteen signers made their mark. Doubtless, as Mr. Tuttle remarked, " many of these signers knew better how to hold a musket than a pen." It is said that " Colonel Joseph Jackson had the fact from his father that this association of Whigs in this township had 400 signers." It is believed that each mem- ber of the " committee of safety " had a copy of the foregoing agreement, and that if all those papers could be obtained we would find the names of over two hun- dred more signed thereto. But the foregoing is sufficient to show that a large majority of the leading citizens were openly pronounced in their determination to support the measures of the Continental and Provincial Congresses, and to stand firmly together for self-protection amid the perilous circumstances in which they were placed. As the war progressed many of the tories left their homes, sorne joining the British forces and some joining marauding bands; others, remaining at home, were often in secret communication with such, and acting as spies and informers. A great feeling of insecurity both as to life and property prevailed among the peoi.le in conse- quence of the outrages committed by these freebooters, who, keeping themselves concealed in the forests and swamps by day, would come upon the victims in the darkness of night. Robberies and murders were com- mitted within the bounds of this township, it is believed, by a party under the leadership of the notorious tory brigand Claudius Smith, who had his headquarters in the mountains near Ramapo, on the northern boundary of the State, and made frequent incursions into the upper part of New Jersey. There appears to be good reason to believe that a robbery of the family of Charles Hoff while manager of the furnace at Hibernia was com- mitted by a party of tories disguised with paint, and under the lead of this Claudius Smith, and that at the time-these robbers told Hoff they intended to scour the whole county. The Ringwood and Ramapo Mountains, the hiding place of these freebooters, were distant only from 15 to 17 miles from Pompton; consequently the fertile farms about Pompton and Pompton Plains, as well as other parts of Pequannock, naturally attracted these hungry bands, and traditional accounts go to show that such raids were frequent. It is related that an armed band of six one day in the dusk of early evening suddenly 37 276 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. entered a farm house, seemingly in the pursuit of pro- visions; while two stood guard at the doors some went into the cellar, and others went through the rooms, hastily gathering what they could find and easily carry, and all speedily departed. After they had gone the family discovered that the dead body of a colored infant was missing, which had the same day been placed upon a stand in a room and covered with a cloth; doubtless in their hurry the robbers did not stop to examine closely what they seized upon. At one time an armed company of these tory robbers in the daytime entered the resi- dence of John Parlaman, near Montville, when no men were about, and, hastily gathering what provisions they could find,' compelled Mrs. Parlaman to surrender her jewelry, threatening her life and tearing her ear-rings from her ears. It was believed they had designs upon John Parlaman himself had he been found, for he was one of the one hundred and seventy who signed the agreement to support Congress in its measures against the king. Parlaman was a man of some note and influ- ence in this vicinity; the records of Pequannock town- ship show that for more than twenty years he had been elected and had served as town clerk, and was chosen to other important offices, and his penmanship indicates that he was a man of some education. This John Parla- man had a son John, who succeeded to his father's farm, where now resides the widow of the late James Doremus, who is a daughter of the latter John Parlaman. The list of names signed to the agreement to support the American Congress contains between thirty and forty of those well known to have been residents at the time in the vicinity of Pompton Plains, Montville and Boonton. John Pierson lived at Montville and was part owner of the grist-mill there; Phineas Farrand, a nailer by trade, also lived there, but afterward removed to Hanover township. Edmund Kingsland, the fore- father of the Kingslands in this township, lived near Boonton. His stone house, built in 1776 in the Dutch cottage style, with the date of its erection in large iron figures fastened on the front wall, is still standing, in good repair, at the corner of the roads near the resi dence of William G. Lathrop. Abraham Peer lived near Kingsland. The Hilers, Vanduynes, Stileses, Daven- ports, Marinuses, Mourisons, Eelslers and Prices were residents of Montville Valley, then called " Uylekill,'' and on the Hook Mountain. De Bow, Vandercook, Doremus, V.reeland, Fredericks, Jacobus and others were residents of Pompton Plains and the lands west of there. Some persons who had become conspicuous in closely watching or in sharp pursuit of tory spies and tory bands became obnoxious to them, and the tories would put a price on their' heads; such were obliged for their own safety to keep away from their homes, and lodge at night in secret and out-of-the-way places. The inhabitants of Morris, Sussex and Bergen coun- ties during the Revolutionary war suffered severely from the depredations of the tories, and the people of Pe- quannock, being on the northern border of the county and near the hiding places of these despefadoes, were subject to frequent and annoying alarms. It is no won- der therefore, when living in constant fear and anxiety not only as to the open enemy but secret spies and in- formers in their midst, that they were active in forming committees of safety and enrolling minute men. In those days it was no uncommon thing for men to take their guns with them to church, to town meetings, and to the fields where they were at work; indeed, it was expected of the minute men and enjoined upon them that they should always have their arms near at hand, to be ready at a moment's warning. These minute men were the dread of the tories and a great check upon their op- erations. As a result of the constant danger to which the early settlers were exposed, a custom then prevailed and continued many years after the close of the war of keeping loaded guns deposited in racks on the side of the beams overhead, which were six and a half to seven feet above the floor, out of the way of children but readily accessible. Repeating rifles and percussion locks were unknown at that time. The guns then in use had flint locks, and were mostly muskets that would carry an ounce ball. When the men went out, taking their guns with them, they generally left one well loaded and the means of reloading it for the use of the family, for it is well known that many of the mothers and grown- up daughters of that day not only knew how to spin, weave, make bread, and attend to other household duties, but in case of emergency were capable of using effectively a loaded musket. The great annoyance occasioned by the tories created a bitterness of feeling that lasted for years after the close of the .war, and which led to considerable additions to the population of Nova Scotia and Canada. In the neighborhood known as Pacquanack in Passaic county, bordering on Pompton Plains, families of the name of Ryerson (at first spelled Ryerse) settled at a very early date, some of whom intermarried with families on the Plains and settled in Pequannock township. In one of these families there were several brothers of full age, who were divided in sentiment as to the war; some sided with the king and others with the American Con- gress; some joined the British forces, while others re- mained at home. It is said that one of these, Samuel Ryerson, became a subordinate officer in the king's ser- vice, and was at the battle of Cowpens, in South Carolina, January 17th 1781, when the American army under Gen- eral Morgan was victorious over the British army under Colonel Tarleton. At one time when Washington and his army were at Morristown a small force of provincial soldiers was quartered at a place in Parsippany near Fox Hill, about three miles west of Boonton. The com- mander of the British forces at New York detailed a company of soldiers and put them under command of this Samuel Ryerson, with orders to proceed to Par- sippany and capture or kill this company of provincials. While on his way, and when on the mountain northwest of Bloomfield, Ryerson met and captured a man on horse- back, going in the direction of Newark. It turned out that this man fwho resided at Parsippany) and Ryerson were personally acquainted; and Ryerson, knowing that SLAVERY IN PEQUANNOCK: TOWNSHIP— PIONEER FARMING. 27? the expedition in which he was engaged was bringing him too near home, and if successful might result in the capture or killing of some of his old neighbors or his own kin, confidentially informed the captured man of the destination and object of the detachment under his com- mand; and then, under some plausible explanation to satisfy his company, he allowed the man on horseback to proceed on his way. As soon as the latter got out of sight he turned and went back to Parsippany, where he arrived just in time to allow the company of provincial soldiers to escape. After the close of the war this Samuel Ryerson re- turned to his native place and bought land at Beavertown, in Pequannock, near where David Benjamin lives; but he remained there only a short time. The bitterness of an indignant public sentiment rendered it so uncomfort- able for him that he went to Canada and settled near Toronto; some of his brothers, who likewise had joined their fortunes with the cause of George the Third, after their return found it so uncomfortable to live here that they emigrated to Nova Scotia. Thus it was in many similar cases, and hence it came to pass that so many in the States had relatives in Nova Scotia and Can- ada. These emigrants to those places no doubt sought to better their condition, but their going in that direction was not altogether the prompting of a free choice. Slavery. African slavery was introduced among the Dutch col- onists in New Jersey at a very early date. Many of the first settlers came to this colony under the auspices of the Dutch West India Company, the object of that company being to open and establish a trade in furs with the In- dians. The States General of Holland especially charged that company to take care to have ready at hand a sup- ply of good merchantable slaves for the use of the colo- nists. Many of the early settlers in Pequannock bought and owned slaves, but never to any great extent — seldom more than from one to four in any one family; probably because the masters were comparatively small landholders and had no use for a larger number. But the records show that slaves were pretty generally distributed among the leading families on Pompton Plains and in that vi- cinity, such as the Roome, Vanness, Berry, Colfax, De- Bow, Mandeville, Mead, Cook, Schuyler, Terhune, Ryer- son, Doremus, Jacobus, Vreeland and Fredericks families, and (in the central and western parts) those of Van- duyne, Duryea, Dod, Miller and others. As appears by the records, the first person who manumitted his slaves in Pequannock was Adam Miller, who lived in Rockaway Valley, the same at whose house town meetings were held. He freed his slaves May sth 1776, and gives as his reason that " he is persuaded they by nature have a right to their freedom, and ought not to be deprived of it." From that time the opinion expressed by Adam Miller appears to have been a growing public sentiment as regarded slavery, and manumissions continued to be made, some from a sense of justice, and others by the force of sheer necessity in order to free the owners from the impoverishing burden of increasing numbers. When a master wished to free a slave, and clear himself from future responsibility for the support of such slave should he become a public charge, he must take the slave before the overseers of the poor and two justices of the peace of the township, and if upon examination they were sat- isfied that the person intended to be freed was over 21 and under 35 years of age, and free from any mental or physical disability that would prevent him from earning his own support, the manumission would be allowed upon a proper certificate and declaration signed by the master and approved by the overseers and the justices, and when duly acknowledged would be admitted to record. Agriculture. Agriculture was the chief employment of those who settled in the eastern, middle and southern parts of Pe- quannock, and is so to-day except at a few points where in later years some branches of manufacture have been established. The character and purpose of the men who first came to settle in the wilds of this western world are doubtless familiar to the mind of almost every intelligent person. They came principally from Holland, Germany, Switzer- land, England and Ireland, countries considerably ad- vanced in civilization and where the lands were perhaps better cultivated than any others in the world. They came to settle and establish homes, under many circum- stances entirely new to them and with a climate and soil unlike any which they had known before; amidst many difficulties they found themselves compelled to com- mence, as it were, life anew. They entered into a vast wilderness, the home of the savage Indians; the natives were to be conciliated, the land was to be cleared of the heavy forest trees to prepare the way for cultivation. Here and there was found a small opening which had been used by the Indians in their rude way in cultivating corn, beans and tobacco, and some few apple trees called an Indian orchard were found in such openings near the east shore of the Pequannock River at what is called Pacquanack, near where some of the name of Ryerson first settled. The rigors of the northern winter, the wilderness state of the land, the danger of attacks and depredations not only from the savages but from the wild beasts of the forest, ready to prey upon their livestock or destroy their crops, the want of roads for safe transportation and travel, and the absence of many comforts and conven- iences enjoyed in their native countries were serious em- barrassments to the pioneers, under which it is no wonder progress in agriculture was slow. Hard work was the order of the day. The soil it is true was naturally rich in mould, the accumulation of ages of decay of vegetable matter, and therefore at first did not require the most careful cultivation to give an abundant return of crops; but it had to be cleared of the heavy forest trees and to be broken up amid the remaining stumps for the first planting. That in those early days the prevailing ideas and practices in farming were of a rude and primitive 378 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. order there is no doubt; the wants of the early settlers were too many and pressing, and required too vigorous exertions to provide what was indispensable, to allow time for experiment or searching out and applying new principles to farming. That was a work reserved for their descendants many years afterward and under cir- cumstances far more favorable. In this township, as well as in the county generally, agriculture, so far as regards any marked improvement in farming implements or the general manner of cultiva- tion, was in a state of depression for more than one hun- dred and twenty-five years after the first settlements here. Owing to the imperfect provision for schools for the masses of the people, during the first hundred years the boys generally were trained up to a narrow routine of labor ; many grew up unable to read or write ; there were few books in those days and scarcely any papers that circulated among the people, consequently there was little mental activity and much obstinate adherence to prejudice. The chief aim of the young farmer in those early days and for many years after appeared to be to follow in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, to plant and to sow at just such a time, and in many of his operations to be governed by the old and the new of the moon. He appeared to know nothing of the rotation of crops, and to have little regard for the use of manure ; and that man who was bold enough to step outside of the old rut, do a little thinking for himself, try some experi- ment or adopt some new implement or different mode of culture, was derided and hooted at as a visionary. We recollect a manifestation of this stupid prejudice that oc- curred in our State Legislature as late as 1850,. when a resolution was under consideration to accept the invita- tion of Professor Mapes to attend his lectures on agricul- ture, especially on the value and use of fertilizers. A member from one of the oldest counties rose in his place and objected to the resolution, because he said it was of no use to spend time tn listening to these "visionary schemes of book farming." Notwithstanding his objec- tion the resolution was adopted with few dissenting votes. Within fifty years past a vast change has taken place ; it has been truly said that now " obstinate adher- ence to prejudice of any kind is generally regarded as a mark of ignorance and stupidity," while less than a hun- dred years ago the reverse was the case. In the early settlements here as well as elsewhere cat- tle were scarce and commanded comparatively high prices; cows were small, and the ox of that day was di- minutive and ill-shaped compared with those we find now. But when we consider that very little attention was given in those days to the cultivation of grasses, that the main dependence was on natural coarse grass, and that but few if any of the vegetables now so much used as food for stock were then known or had been intro- duced here, we can easily understand why it was that the cattle of the early settlers were ill-shaped, and their average weight was only about four hundred pounds, while now, wi:h improved agriculture and better treat- ment, the average weight is over eight hundred pounds. Notwithstanding the comparative scarcity and high price of cattle one hundred years ago, it is said a quart of milk could then be had for a penny, and four eggs, for a like sum, while now, with all the increase in number and quality of stock, milk commands six or eight times as much and eggs in like proportion. As regards farming implementr. in use among the early settlers, and even up to the beginning of the present cen- tury, it is said a strong man could carry on his back all the farming tools generally in use on an ordinary farm save the wagon, or cart, and plow. The first settlers in the eastern part of Pequannock were of Dutch origin, and the harness first used by them was principally made with a Dutch collar of leather, rope traces and rope lines. Bridles were used without blinds, and were made with bits attached to headstalls of rope. With this simple and cheap rig they did their work, and when Sunday came the same kind of harness served to attach the horses to the farm wagon, which, swept out clean and with chairs placed in for seats, furnished the conveyance for the family to church. There were few good roads, and horseback riding was largely practiced, the same horse often carrying two at once to church. All kinds of spring wagons were unknown in those days, and in- deed it was many years after the beginning of this cen- tury that spring wagons were brought into use. The farming implements consisted almost wholly of the shovel, spade, plow, wooden fork, and hoe of rude and clumsy form, made by a common blacksmith. The plows in use in the last century were mostly made by blacksmiths, and had a clumsy wrought-iron share, aland- side and standard made of wood and a wooden mould- board. The handle was a single upright, held by two pins, and a strong man was required to hold it. With it they managed to tear up the ground, but could rarely turn a smooth furrow. This style of plow continued quite generally in use, with but little improvement, until about twenty years after the beginning of this century. The harrow was a rude frame with wooden teeth, but generally a stout limb with the brush attached was used in place of a harrow, because more convenient and effect- ive about: the numerous stumps for a long time remain- ing after the removal of the heavy timber. For cutting the grain the sickle was the only tool used for a long time, until the grain cradle was brought into use. Mowing is one of the severest labors of the farm, and the only instrument used for that purpose by the first settlers and their descendants during a hundred years or more was the common scythe, made in a rude form by some of the more skillful blacksmiths, in finish nothing like those made at the present day; yet it ap- pears that in quality and durability they were suited to the work. Levi Stiles, now 85 years old, living in Mont- ville township, says that when he was a young man he went to Thomas Conger, a blacksmith at Rockaway, to get a scythe; thai he got one for which he paid three dollars, and Conger warranted it for six years; that he used it every season for five years, and then sold it for two dollars and a half; showing that in those early days MANUFACTURING IN PEQUANNOCK TOWNSHIP. 279 there were workers in metal who understood their busi- ness. The axes made in those early times by some of the more skillful blacksmiths, although not so sightly as those now in use, were well suited for their purpose. There were many who followed wood-chopping as a business, being paid at the rate of 2s. 6d. to 3s. per cord. To pre- pare land for tillage the forest must be cleared away, and large quantities of logs were rolled into heaps and burned. The ashes found a ready market at potash manufactor- ies, of which there was one at Charlotteburgh and another at Ringwood, carried on by the London Company, an as- sociation of capitalists in England formed for smelting iron ores, raising hemp and making potash in America. In the first growth of heavy timber wood-chopping was a kind of work that required a great amount of muscular power. But as those were days of hard work, and the people were simple in their habits and accustomed to "a plain and substantial .diet, the boys grew into vigorous men. It is said that George Stickle, the forefather of the Stickles ui this region, who lived and died in Rocka- way Valley within the present limits of Boonton town- ship, when he was a young man could cut and put up a cord of wood before breakfast. We venture to say it would be difficult to find now a young man capable of doingthe like. Mills and Factories. There are in Pequannock township four saw-mills, one grist-mill, one paper-mill, two rubber factories, one bark- mill, one woolen factory, one factory for turning and en- graving rolls for printing calicoes and cloths, and one distillery. The first mills erected were grist-mills and saw-mills. The first grist-mill was built at Pompton, where now stands Slater's woolen factory. When it was built and by whom we are unable to state, but it appears by the township records that in 1757 a public road was laid in the vicinity, " running along lands of Henry and Giles Mandeville, Paul Vanderbeck and Garret De Bow, to the road that goes to Nathaniel Foard's mill." Foard and Simon Vanness owned lands adjoining. It ^s said this mill was owned at one time by Garret De Bovy, and also by Robert Colfax, who lived near by. There were also here at an early day a saw-mill and a carding and fulling-mill. It is probable that a savv-mill and a grist- mill were built here as early as 17 12. About a mile west there is a lot called the millstone lot, on which there is a quarry from which millstones were taken in the early days of the settlement that served in the place of the French burr stones. About the be- ginning of the present century this property was pur- chased by Peter Jackson, who kept a store, there and bought hooppoles; he sold the property to his son James, who held it until 1844, when all the mills, store and dwelling were burned. The mill site was then purchased by James Pewtner and Apollos Terris, who put up another grist-mill, which they operated a few years and then dis- posed of it to Joseph Slater, who converted it into a woolen factory. About a mile below Slater's woolen factory, on the same stream, are a saw-mill and a bark-mill, where bark is ground, which is sold principally to tanners in Newark. On this site once stood a grist-mill, a carding-mill and a distillery, probably erected between 1780 and 1790 by Simon Vanness. In 1807 they were sold by the sheriff to pay a judgment of $400 in favor of Robert and Wil- liam Colfax. This property changed hands frequently, and in the course of thirty years the mills became dilapidated, and by sheriff's sale came into the possession of the State Bank of Morris. In 1843 they were pur- chased from the bank by John T. Speer, who erected a bark-mill on the site of the old grist-mill. In 1850 Speer sold this property to his son and son-in-law, Rich- ard Speer and Stephen Post; these mills, now belonging to the estate of Stephen Post, are operated by his son John F. Post. About a mile up the river from Slater's woolen factory is a. grist-mill built many years ago; the exact date we are unable to state. This, the only grist-mill within the present bounds of Pequannock township, was a few years ago owned by the late Samuel Vanness, sheriff of Morris county. Here also was formerly a saw-mill. About a mile farther up, opposite the village of Bloom- ingdale, a small stream called Stone House or Trout Brook, the outlet of Stickle's Pond, empties into the Pe- quannock River. A tract of one hundred acres was sur- veyed to George Ryerson on the 20th of November 1745, and from this ten acres, including a mill seat on this brook, were sold in 1810 to John Taylor, who erected a grist-mill there, which was sold to T. R. Hill in 1822; by him to Jacob A. N. De Baun, and by him to Peter De Baun his son, who sold the same to the Newbrough Hard Rubber Company August i6th 1869, to which time it continued in use as a grist-mill. A mile higher up on the Pequannock River is an old paper-mill, now owned by James White & Son. This was the first paper-mill in Pequannock township. Paper was made here by hand probably as early as 1810. The mill was enlarged and machinery added in 1845 by John Logan. After passing through a number of hands the manufactory came into the possession of James White in 1862, and in 1880 his son Fred. S. White was taken into partnership. About eighty rods below this paper-mill the New- brough Hard Rubber Company built a dam, having pur- chased a large strip of the land lying along both sides of the fiver, but mostly on the west, for about one mile. About fifty rods from the site of the old grist-mill this company erected a rubber factory, vi'hich is driven by water taken from the dam above through a canal and emptied into Trout Brook below. Hard rubber goods, such as combs and other small wares, are manufactured, and a large number of hands are employed in the bus- iness. In 1873 the old grist-mill seat was sold as the site for a paper-mill, which was started in August 1874, under the management of the Pequannock Paper Com- pany; this mill was in part destroyed by fire June 24th 1881. Just below on the same stream and near its mouth 280 HISTORY OP MORRIS COUNTY. Mr. Robinson purchased a site and built a mill for manu- facturing soft rubber goods. These manufacturing industries have caused quite a village to grow up within ten years past on the Pequan- nock side of the river, opposite the old village of Bloom- ingdale on the east side. This new village contains per- haps sixty dwellings, with about 300 inhabitants, two stores and several shops. It has a post-office and has assumed the name of Butler. The Midland Railroad passes through it. A short distance above on Trout Brook is a saw-mill that was built many years ago and is one of the four in Pequannock now in use ; there is another near the west side of Pompton Plains, and one at Beavertown. At the lower end of Pompton Plains Jjmes Comley has erected a small factory for turning and engraving rolls- used in printing calicoes and cloths. The paper-mill at Bloomingdale was established for the manufacture of roofing felt in 1874 by A. Robinson and others. In 1878 F. J. & H. W. Mather purchased the business and they have since conducted it. The capital is about $30,000. These parties employ twelve or fourteen hands. The capacity of the mill is about three tons per day. Messrs. Mather have another mill in Stanley, about a mile from Chatham, where they began business early in i88o. Demorest & Russell erected a manufactory and com- menced the manufacture of excelsior in the spring of 1881. They employ about fifteen men and are doing a business of about three tons per day. This is the first and only excelsior manufactory in New Jersey. In the northern part of this township, a little south of Charlotteburgh, is quite a large pond, known as Stickle's Pond, once owned by Hubbard Stickle, who drove a bloomary forge here about sixty-five years ago. His brother Adam Stickle about 1842 built a forge on the out- let of this pond a short distance below, but both of these forges were long since abandoned and have disappeared. Uriah Roe located a tract on the west side of the river in 1715, and Joseph Helby located a tract here in 1716. It is possible that either one or both of these tracts in- cluded the grounds where the iron works were at Old Boonton, and that such iron works were in existence some time before David Ogden came into possession of them, which was about 1759. David Ogden sold the Boonton tract to his son Samuel, who in 1770 bought from Thomas Peer about six acres of land lying on the east side of the river and in Pequannock township. On this he erected a rolling and slitting-mill, said to have been the first or one of the first mills of the kind built in this country ; it was probably put in operation in 1772 or 1773. -^s the laws of England did not allow iron to be manufactured in that form in the colonies the work was carried on secretly in the basement of the mill, while the upper part was fitted up ostensibly for a grist-mill. The bloom iron was taken from the forge to this mill, and when heated was rolled into plate, and then slit into rods, which were used for making nails of different kinds by hand ; these were wrought nails, and there are some old buildings yet standing in the erection of which this kind of nail was used. Although there were several hands employed in shops at Old Boonton making nails, the nail rods were not all used there ; in those days the trade of a nailer was almost as common as that of a blacksmith, and these nail rods commanded a ready sale. We find in books of ac- count kept at Old Boonton for Samuel Ogden in 1775 and 1780 that nailers were credited with shingle nails at one shilling per pound, and with clapboard nails at one shilling and two pence per pound, the retail price being IS. 4d. to IS. 6d. per pound. After the American colonies were free from English control there was no longer necessity for having a grist- mill on the first floor to conceal the rolling and slitting of iron in the basement. In 1792 Samuel Ogden purchased from Th. Peer about an acre of ground lying along the northeast bank of the river and immediately below the slitting-mill lot. About fifty rods below the slitting- mill Ogden proceeded to build a dam across the river, and below it on the southwest side of the river erected a grist-mill. About ten years after the completion of this mill there came a great freshet and breaking up of ice in the spring, which swept away this dam. The impracti- cability of maintaining a dam at this point secure against similar freshets led to its abandonment, and another grist-mill was built higher up the stream, by the side of the old forge. It has been the prevalent belief that Samuel Ogden was the sole owner of the slitting-mill and the only person interested in operating it, but the county records show to the contrary. In book A of deeds, page 21 etc., we find the copy of a deed dated May ist 1784, from Abraham Kitchel, agent of Morris county, to Samuel Ogden, and we copy from the record the following, which explains itself: "In the term of June 1779, in the court of common pleas held at Newark for Essex county, final judgment was entered in favor of the State of New Jersey pursuant to law, against Isaac Ogden, late of the township of New- ark in the county of Essex, on an inquisition found against the said Isaac Ogden for that the said Ogden did on or about the first day of January 1777 join the army of the king of Great Britain, contrary to the form of his allegiance to this State; and in execution of the judg- ment Abraham Kitchel, agent, was by a law of the State of New Jersey commanded to seize, sell and dispose of all the lands, tenements, and hereditaments and all other the estate of whatever kind soever of the said Isaac Oe- den." ^ Kitchel sold to Samuel Ogden, for ^30 proclamation money, one equal sixth part' of the slitting-mill lot and slitting-mill and all his interest in the buildings and stock of coal and iron. It is quite probable that Isaac Ogden W4S a brother of Samuel. And further the record shows that in the court of common pleas in Morris county final judgment was entered against Nicholas Hoffman, " late of Newark," on an inquisition found against him " for that on the-2ist of September 1777 he joined the army of the king of Great Britain; and in execution of said judg- ment Abraham Kitchel as agent seizes and conveys to Samuel Ogden for ,^^30 proclamation money one eighth EARLY IRON WORKS IN PEQUANNOCK— CHURCHES. 28r part of this slitting-mill lot and rolling and slitting-mill, and all the interest of said Hoffman in the buildings and stock of coal and iron." This deed also bears date May ist 1784. In 1805 Samuel Ogden sold to John Jacob and Richard B. Faesch the Boonton tract, including roll- ing and slitting-mill, forge and grist-mill, and 2,500 acres of land, for f 10,000, and took a mortgage upon the property for $9,000 of the purchase money. John Jacob Faesch died in 1809 intestate and without issue, leaving as his sole heirs Richard B. Faesch his brother, and Catharine and Eliza his sisters, the latter being the wife of William H. Robinson of New York. The rolling and slitting-mill continued in operation till about the middle of March 1820, when a great freshet swept away the dam. Shortly after, in the same year, Richard B. Faesch died, insolvent, and all the real estate, including forge and grist-mill, was sold to Israel Crane and William Scott. They constructed a large dam across the river just above the old forge, for the purpose of conducting the water through a dugout race-way on the Pequannock side of the river to a point opposite the ruins of the old slitting-mill, which would give a water power of about forty feet fall. Shortly after the completion of this dam a freshet broke away a portion of it, which was repaired and a saw-mill built at the end of the race-way. A few years later another freshet broke away the dam so effect- ually that the rebuilding of it was never attempted. Scott and Crane, under the direction of Thomas Hood, an Englishman, introduced a new kind of furnace in- tended for refining iron. In view of the losses and ex- penses Crane became desirous of selling his interest, and for that purpose they divided the property. Crane taking the lower part, including Old Boonton and the forge and mill, which he sold to John Righter, Scott retaining the upper portion of the tract lying on both sides of the river. Two hundred acres of this tract lying on the Pe- quannock side of the river, and opposite Boonton Falls, Scott sold in the latter part of 1829 to David W. Wet- more, who in 1831 conveyed it with other tracts to the New Jersey Iron Company; on a part of that 200 acres a portion of the Boonton iron works and the northern part of the town of Boonton stand. Pertaining to the family of Faesch, who lived at Old Boonton, Mrs. Mary King of Newark, now 77 years old, daughter of Elijah Dod and the youngest sister of the first wife of William Scott, relates some matters of interest. She says that shortly after the death of his wife, in 1823, William Scott removed from Powerville to the mansion at Old Bonton, and that she, then just from the Moravian school at Bethlehem, Pa., accompanied him and remained there for a time as his housekeeper; that she has in her possession a steel (found in the garret of the old man- sion) such as was used in old times to kindle a fire by striking a flint and catching the spark in a tinder box; that this steel has on it the figures 1752 and the letters H. I. F., which she was told stood for Henry I. Faesch, the father of John Jacob Faesch sen., who came to this country in the employ of the London Company, to super- intend their iron works at Charlotteburgh and Hibernia. She says she also has a painting on glass, finely executed and in a good state of preservation (found in the same garret), representing a monk bending under the weight of a la^rge bundle of straw he is carrying on his back, which on close inspection reveals at one end the head of a fe- male and her feet at the other, the monk also bearing in one hand a basket on the side of which are the words "Supplies for the convent." Mrs. King says this relic has been examined with a great deal of interest by sev- eral noted artists, who praised the execution of the work and said that kind of painting is among the lost arts. She further says she has in her possession an ancient black walnut bureau in a state of good preservation, once the property of Faesch, and which was probably made in Switzerland more than 125 years ago. The flint and steel were long almost the only means of getting fire; it is within fifty years past that a knowledge of chemistry has enabled us to make a long step in ad- vance in the production of that small but useful article the friction match. In old times stoves were unknown, and fires were made with wood in open fireplaces; when bedtime came enough live coals were buried in the em- bers to serve for re-kindling fire in the morning, but in case the fire thus buried should die before morning resort must be had .to the steel, flint and tinder box; in the ab- sence of them the musket was used by placing powder in the pan of the lock and flashing it against a bunch of tow (an article found in every house in those flax-spin- ning days). Where there were none of these means re- course must be had to fetching fire in an iron pot from a neighbor's. Churches. The first churches organized in this section were of the Dutch Reformed denomination, and their services for many years were conducted in the Dutch language, by ministers who were mostly licentiates from the Hol- land schools. The first church at Pompton was organ- ized in 1736, and the church edifice stood on the east side of Pequannock River, in what was Bergen county (now Passaic). It was called '' the Reformed Dutch Church at Pompton," and Paulus Vanderbeck and Peter Post were ordained elders, and Johannis Henyon and Martin Berry deacons; two years afterward it contained seventy-two members. The first church in Pequannock township was organ- ized at Pompton Plains, in 1760, under the ministry of the Rev. David Marinus, and resulted from a division of the church organized at Pompton in 1736. This division grew out of a difference of opinion; one party, called the '- Conferentie," held to the necessity of obtaining as min- isters only such as had been educated and licensed by the Holland schools; the other party, called the "Coelus," held to the belief that there was no impropriety in set- tling as pastors those who had been educated and li- censed in the schools of this country. In 1752 Rev. David Marinus had been called to Acquackanonk in conjunc- tion with Pompton; he had been educated in Pennsylva- nia, and licensed the same year by the " Coetus,'' consc- 282 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. quently he belonged to that party. The controversy over this matter grew so fierce that for a time it is said to have affected the whole denomination, and divided this congregation. The " Conferentie " party, gaining possession of the church building, excluded Marinus, and hence his friends erected for him a church building on Pompton Plains in 1760, which stood for about twelve years. It is said Marinus continued to preach here for a few years only, that he fell into bad habits through the free use of intoxicating liquors, and that his life became so inconsistent that his services were dispensed with; he was suspended from the ministry in 1778 and deposed in 1780. He afterward sought employment at teaching school, and taught at Lower Montville, in which neigh- borhood he remained until about the year 1800; while there he occasionally officiated at religious meetings, but at times gave way to his old habits. About the year 1756 churches of this denomination were organized at Totowa and Fairfield in the county of Essex, and at Old Boonton in Hanover township near the borders of Pequannock. These three churches united with the " Conferentie," who held the original church edifice on the east side of the river at Pompton, in call- ing as their pastor Rev. Cornelius Blaw, who came from Holland and was said to be a good preacher; he was in- ducted into the pastorate October 24th i 762, and lived in the parsonage house at what is called the Two Bridges. He served these four churches about five years, when like Marinus he fell into irregular habits and was re- moved. A church of this denomination existed at Acquacka- nonk (now Passaic) many years before that organized at Pompton in 1736; Jonas Ryerson, a resident on the east side of the Pequannock River and near to it, was a dea- con in the church at Acquackanonk in 17 16, and Paulus Vanderbeck, one of the early settlers on Pompton Plains, was an officer in the same church; and the presumption is that the early settlers on Pompton Plains and in other parts of Pequannock as far up as Boonton occasionally attended this church at Acquackanonk. The early rec- ords of that church, kept in the Dutch language, contain entries of marriages of persons from Pequannock living in the vicinity of Montville and Boonton as far back as 1728. We find in the church records at Pompton and Pompton Plains entries of baptisms from 1736 to about 1800, of persons connected with families who resided in the southern part of Pequannock township and as far west as Boonton. After the removal of Rev. Mr. Blaw efforts were made to reconcile and unite the two parties, and to build a new church for the accommodation of all. These efforts appeared to meet with success, and in 1769 it was ret solved to build a new church, 40 by. 50 feet. The nex- year an acre of ground was purchased for the purpose, the same on which the present church stands. The original church edifice on this ground was built in 1771, with, a barrack-shaped roof and a steeple in the center; the- name- adopted "was the' " First Reformed Dutch Church of Pompton Plains^" as appears by the public records. In 1772 this church united with the churches at Fairfield and Totowa in calling as pastor the Rev. Hermanns Meyer, who was installed in 1773. He served the three churches about two years, when Fair- field was relinquished and he continued to serve at the Plains and at Totowa, and a part of the time at Boonton. Mr. Meyer was born in Germany, educated in one of the Dutch universities, and came to this country in 1762; he was a man of great learning, of a mild temper, and un- affected in his manner, and stood high in the opinion of the churches at largfe. He served this church about eighteen years, until his death, v/hich occurred October 27th 1791; he was buried beneath the church at the Plains, and his epitaph is inscribed on a marble slab in the floor immediately in front of the pulpit. After the death of Mr. Meyer there was a vacancy of about three years. This church united with the church at Old Boonton in 1794 in calling the Rev. Stephen Os- trander, who was twenty-five years old and had just been licensed to preach. He served fifteen years between the two churches, preaching one-quarter of the time at Old Boonton. Soon after his settlement the congregation provided a parsonage for him on the present site. During his pastorate 93 were added to his church. It is said of him that " he was a faithful pastor, unobtrusive and un- assuming in his deportment, conscientious and exact in the performaace of all his duties, and unwearied in di- recting his efforts with a view to usefulness." About the year 1809 a dispute arose in the neighborhood of Pomp- ton Plains in regard to the public schools, which led to considerable disturbance. It is said that Ostrander, be- coming involved in this, refused to baptize the children of such as differed from him; this it appears impaired his usefulness as pastor and led to his removal. That the dispute about the public schools was not the only disturbing element in this congregation at that time we are led to believe from what we find in a deed dated January sth 1796, from Luke John Kiersted to Samuel Roomer and Philip Schuyler, church wardens or trustees of the Reformed Dutch church at Pompton Plains, con- veying half an acre of ground on the east side of the road for church purposes. It is therein recited that " whereas the said trustees, being desirous fo settle a minister of the gospel who shall preach for the congrega- tion at Pompton Plains the true doctrine of the Christian religion, and uphold and follow the rules and church orders, according as they are established by the national synod at Dordrecht (or Dort) in the years 1618 and 1619, have for that purpose' purchased of the said Luke John Kiersted all that lot," etc. From 1809 to 1813 the pulpit in this church was again vacant. On the 19th of September 1813 the Rev. Jacob T. Field was installed as pastor. It is said of him that he was a " faithful, active and fearless minister, and that the fruits he was permitted to gather testify to the fidelity of his mitiistry." A short time after Mr. Field was settled here a meeting of 'the congregation was held to determine as to rebuilding! and enlarging the church edi- fice. It was resolved " that the church be extended 16 THE REFORMED CHURCH OF POMPTON PLAINS. 283 feet toward the road, with a steeple in the east end, the walls to be raised in due proportion and the windows raised so as to cover the galleries, and that the inside of the church be altered and finished in such manner as the trustees may deem proper." Previous to the settlement of Mr. Field over the Plains church a part of the congregation residing at the upper end of the Plains, at Pompton, in Wynockie Valley and Boardville, feeling the need of better accommodations for holding religious services, at a meeting called for the purpose in February 1812 decided to build a church in the neighborhood of Pompton, to be styled the " Pomp- ton and Wynockie Church." As the result a church was built, and in a month after Mr. Field had been installed at the Plains this edifice was dedicated by him. He preached there every third Sabbath, the people of that section paying one third of his salary. The people at Pompton, feeling the need of more ser- vices, applied to the consistory of the Plains church for a separation; this being conceded, application was made to the Classis of Bergen for a separate organization. This was granted, and the organization effected June 26th 1815; the two congregations being unable to effect a satisfactory arrangement as to the joint services of Mr. Field, the church at Pompton gave him a separate call, which he accepted, his pastorate at the Plains lasting a little over two years. The church at the Plains is the only one within the present bounds of Pequannock town- ship. A portion of the people on the upper end of the Plains and in the northern part of the township are at- tached to the congregation of the church at Pompton; others attend the Baptist and Methodist churches at Bloomingdale, and the Methodist church at Pompton. There was then a vacancy at the Plains for about two years after Mr. Field's departure. February 9th 18 17 Rev. Ava Neal was installed as pastor. He served this church and the one at Fairfield about six years, preach- ing one-third of the time at the latter. Then the Fair- field church released him, and he was retained by the Plains alone until July 1828. In 1829 he was suspended from the ministry, but was restored in 1833 and died in 1839. In 1829 this church united with the one at Montville in calling the Rev. Abraham Messier; he served about three and a half years, when he accepted a call from the church of Raritan,at Somerville, where he still continues. A few months after the removal of Mr. Mesler this church called the Rev. James R. Talmage, who was in- stalled on the 20th of February 1833; his pastorate con- tinued about four years, when he accepted a call from the church at Blawenburg, N. J. After about eight months vacancy this church secured as pastor Rev. Garret C. Schanck. He served the people here about fifteen years, in which time 120 were added to the membership. During his pastorate the parsonage was rebuilt and made into a neat and commodious house. In March 1853 he resigned. The same year a call was extended to Rev. Charles I. Shepard, and he was ordained and installed in Septem- ber. His pastorate continued five years, when, it is said, " for providential reasons Mr. Shepard felt constrained to ask for a dissolution of the pastoral relation,'' and on January 15th 1858 he was dismissed by •'he Classis of Passaic to the church of Linlithgow. The next pastor was Rev. John F. Harris, who was in- stalled March 27th 1858. He served nine years. During his pastorate the church building was greatly improved by refurnishing it and frescoing the walls. The Rev. John Van Neste Schenk, of Owasco Outlet, near Auburn, N. Y., was next called. He began his labors here on the first Sabbath in October 1867, and was installed on the 23d of the same month. He served this congregation about four years, when he died after a short illness, September 28th 1871, aged twenty-nine years. During his pastorate here 78 were added to the church membership. Mr. Schenk was born near South Branch, Somerset county, N. J., February 21st 1842; was ed- ucated at the classical institute at Ovid, Seneca county, N, Y., and at Rutgers College. His labors in the church at Pompton Plains were marked with great success; pos- sessing a generous nature and winning ways, he made many friends, especially among the young, and was held in high esteem generally by the people; his early death was greatly lamented. The renewed interest awakened under his ministry led the congregation to desire to fur- ther enlarge the church edifice and subject it to general and extensive repairs, which purpose was carried into effect early in 1871. On the igth of May 187 1 the following resolution was passed by the consistory : "Resolved, That our pastor be requested to prepare a historical discourse in con- nection with the completion of the first century of our house of worship, to be delivered at its reopening." In compliance with this request Mr. Schenk with con- siderable labor and research prepared such a discourse, containing much valuable information, which he in- tended to deliver at the reopening of the edifice on the 22nd of November 187 1. To it we are indebted for much that is contained in the history which we have given of this church. As a matter of interest and appropriate in this connection, we copy the following from a report of the dedicatory services : "The church building has been lengthened by the ad- dition of thirteen and one half feet, with the pulpit in a recess. Thirty new pews were thus formed ; the whole interior was tastefully frescoed, painted, and refurnished. On the 22nd of November 187 1 the church, appropriately draped in mourning, was filled with deeply interested worshipers at the reopening exercises. The devotional services was conducted by Rev. John N. Jansen of Pompton, Rev. Charles I. Shepard of Newtown, L. I., Rev. J. F. Harris of Hurley, N. Y., Rev. Garret C. Schanck of Monmouth, N. J., and Rev. Paul D,. Van Cleef of Jersey City, N. J. By request of the consistory of the church Rev. George J. Van Neste, of Little Falls, read the historical discourse prepared by the late pastor." Rev. J. H. Whitehead succeeded next in the pastorate, where he is still laboring. The records of this church present a total membership 38 284 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. of 808 enrolled during the one hundred and thirty-five years of its existence up to 187 1. It is said " the first child baptized in the church on the Plains on its present site was Lena, daughter of Anthony Mandeville." She married Cornelius T. Dore- mus, who owned the farm and lived in a house that stood on the site of the present parsonage of the Montville church. They had two children, a son Thomas C. and a daughter Elma. Thomas C. Doremus was for many years a prominent merchant in New York, of the firm of Doremus & Nixon; he married a sister of the late Daniel Haines, formerly governor of this State. Professor Og- den Doremus, well known for his lectures on science and his knowledge of analytical chemistry, is a son of Thomas C. Doremus. The daughter Elma married Rev. Abraham Mesler, who served about three and a half years as pastor at the Plains and at Montville, and who since 1832 has been pastor of the church at Somerville, N. J., where he'is now pastor emeritus. Education. There is evidence that the first immigrants coming from Holland, Germany, Switzerland, and England gen- erally possessed a rudiraental education, and there is little doubt that the instruction of their children at first re- ceived some attention in the family, until the increase of population and the improved condition of the land and the people enabled them by concerted effort to establish and support neighborhood schools. Tradition informs us that the first school buildings, like the first dwellingSj were built of logs; that their internal arrangements were of the cheapest and plainest order, and that the teachers employed were not generally of a high grade either as to ability or character. The eastern portion of Pequannock was first settled almost exclusively by Hollanders, who came from Bergen, New York, Kingston, Albany and Schenectady. Many brought with them books printed in the Dutch language. Those who at first settled in the southern and middle portions of this township were also principally of the same nationality, and the Holland Dutch was the language mostly used among these early settlers and their descendants for more than sixty years. The services in the first churches of the Dutch Reformed denomination were conducted in that language, and the records of such churches were kept principally in that language up to the close of the Revolutionary war, and in some cases l^ter. For many years in churches of this denomination there was manifested a strong objection to employing any one as a pastor who had not been regu- larly educated and licensed in the schools of Holland. Tradition informs us that the public schools were taught in the English language for some years prior to the Revo- lutionary war, but the Holland Dutch continued to be the language mainly used in many families of the de- scendants of the first Holland settlers, and was so used quite generally up to 1790 and 1800, and in some families 18 to 30 years later. There are a few persons still living who recollect that their parents were, as late as 1815 to 1820, accustomed to read from their old Dutch Bibles, and that they expressed regret that their church services were no longer conducted in the Dutch language, as they could understand it so much better than the English. Some of these old Dutch Bibles still remain in the hands of descendants unable to read them, kept as cherished relics of former times. One in the possession of the writer was printed at the Hague in Holland in 1647, measures 10 by 16% inches, and contains 1,200 pages and several illustrations. The oldest record of Pequannock township that we find, which is in the keeping of the township clerk of Boonton township, bears date 1741, which was in the fourteenth year of the reign of King George II. of Eng- land; and is no doubt the first record of township pro- ceedings after the setting off of Pequannock from Han- over township in 1740. We find no record in the township books pertaining to educational matters until 1830, when the school system established by an act of the Legislature in 1829 went into effect. But that the early settlers were not unmind- ful of their duty to establish schools and maintain thern we have reliable testimony, brought down to us by tra- dition. Very few if any of the public schools in those early days, or for seventy-five years following, were kept open for more than one or two quarters in the year. Funds to support a school were sometimes raised by sub- scription. Generally a contract was made with the teacher at from eight to ten shillings per scholar for a quarter, the teacher to have his board and lodging found by boarding around among the patrons of the school. This method of employing and paying a teacher pre- vailed about a hundred years, and did not entirely dis- appear in Pequannock township until about 1853. From 1790 to 1830 many persons employed as teachers in the public schools were occasionally addicted to in- temperance. During that period many thus employed were of foreign birth, either Englishmen or Irishmen. The short and uncertain periods of keeping schools open tended to make the teacher's calling one of an itinerant character and led to frequent changes, and as a conse- quence there were many applicants for teachers' po- sitions not of the best character either for learning or morality. Owing to the demoralized state of public sen- timent persons of questionable qualifications, simply be- cause they offered to work for a low price, would often succeed in obtaining the position of teachers, to the ex- clusion of others of better character and higher ability. A few facts and circumstances yet fresh in the recollection of some of our older people will serve to illustrate. About the year 1820 an Englishman was engaged as a teacher for the Montville school. He appeared to be a gentleman and well educated, and was considered in the district as quite an acquisition because of his ability to write a very pretty hand, as shown by the copies he made for the children in their writing books. It was at first his custom to open his school in the morning with prayer. One morning, when the children as usual assembled at the school-house a little before 9 o'clock, the teacher was sitting in his chair behind his desk, with his arms crossed ttlE flRSt SCHOOLS IN PEQUANNOCK. ^8S and resting on it, and his head resting on his arms. The children thought he was asleep, but 9 o'clock came and still he slept, and continued to sleep as soundly as ever. In about half an hour a gentleman living near by, seeing the children about the door, came up to inquire what ■was the matter. Looking in he saw the condition of the teacher, and calling on some oi the larger boys to assist him he laid him on the floor and placed some books under his head; then told the children their teacher had been taking too much apple whiskey, and they must go home and return the next morning, when all would prob- ably be right. This was not the only instance of inter- ruption in the school caused by such indulgence on the part of their teacher, yet he was retained for several quarters. Some few years after that a teacher was em- ployed in this school who appeared to have been well educated, and withal was something of a dandy in his manner and dress. The school had been under his charge but a few weeks when it began to be whispered that he was too fond of strong drink; soon there was un- mistakable evidence of the fact, for at times he would be absent several days in consequence of his indulgence. Yet this man was retained as a teacher for two quarters without being fined for tippling, or even very seriously reprimanded for his vicious habit, thus show^ing that public sentiment had changed in some respects, and cer- tainly not for the better as regarded sobriety. It is true many of the teachers employed from time to time in this as well as other schools in the township were persons of upright character and fair literary attainments; yet it was too true that some were employed who turned out to be not only immoral, but deficient in literary attainments, and not a few who were more or less addicted to tip- pling. Persons now living in the township recollect that men addicted to intemperate habits were employed to teach at Pompton Plains, Beavertown and Pine Brook, as well as at Montville, and these were the places where schools were first established in the township. Nor were these evils peculiar to this township; other townships throughout the whole. Slate were suffering more or less from like inflictions. A convention of the friends of education was held at the State-house in Trenton in the summer of 1828, to take into consideration the state of education in the sev- eral counties of this State, and to ascertain what should be done for the encouragement and proper support of schools. At this convention a general committee was appointed, consisting of Charles Ewing, John N. Simp- son and Theodore Frelinghuysen, and sub-committees for each county authorized to make a thorough investiga- tion of the situation in each township, and report at a future meeting. On the nth of November 1828 that report was made. Only a partial statement was made in regard to Pequannock. The result of this public inves- tigation was action taken by our Legislature at the session of February 1829, by which was established the first sys- tem of public instruction in the State of New Jersey. Westerly of Montville village there was no school in Pequannock short of Rockaway Valley; where the pres- ent town of Boonton stands was then a wilderness. At this time the school-house at Montville was probably the third erected there. It was built about 1806, a frame building 18 by 24 feet, a few rods south of the present site, at the corner of two roads, and directly on the edge of the street. There was not a foot of playground at- tached, the only place available to the children for such purpose being the public road. No paint had ever been applied to this building externally or internally. The arrangements for heating consisted of a large open fire- place at one end of the room; the wood was furnished by the patrons of the school in proportion to the number of scholars sent by each. The desks consisted of boards attached in an inclined position to the sides of the room; in front of these were placed long and rudely constructed benches made from slabs having holes bored through near the ends and sharpened sticks thrust in as legs to support them. In the center of the room were benches similarly constructed, and without back supports, for the use of the smaller children; besides these there was a roughly made desk without stain or paint, and a splint- bottomed chair, for the use of the teacher. These con- stituted the total of school furniture; such things as black-boards, maps, or charts were not found in country district schools at that time, and in fact were then scarcely thought of as articles necessary for the school-room. The pens used for writing were made from quills, the writing books were common foolscap paper folded, and it was the duty of the teacher to make and sharpen all the pens, and to write the copies. The text books then in use were Webster's spelling book, the Scholar's Com- panion, the Child's Instructor, the Monitor, the Testa- ment, the English Reader (more recently introduced) and Dillworth's and DaboH's Arithmetics. No attention was paid to the study of geography, and very little if any to the study of English grammar. There were no recitations in classes in arithmetic, ex- cept as to the different tables; each scholar was expected to do " as many sums " as he could, and if the answer obtained was the same as that given in the book the operation was supposed to be right; the why and the wherefore were seldom if ever inquired into. The older pupils in arithmetic were encouraged to write out in de- tail in a book prepared for the purpose the working of each example, with a view to having it as a book of refer- ence to aid them when they should go into business; these were called "cyphering books." Tl>e idea of im- parting to his pupils a thorough understanding of the principles of the science, as the best means of prepara- tion to solve all practical problems as they were presented in the business of life, did not enter the head of the average common school teacher of that day. Then the amount that could be retained in the memory and re- peated in the words of the book, whether the meaning was thoroughly understood or not, was considered the measure of learning in most of our public schools. After opening school the teacher generally proceeded to take his whip in hand as the ox-driver does when he proceeds to his work, and he would continue to carrv it i86 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. about nearly the whole of school hours, frequently using it in touching up one and another for whispering, not sitting up straight, neglecting to study, or looking out of the window; and sometimes it was most severely and cruelly used. Yet but little complaint on that account was heard among the people; the prevailing idea of a teacher appeared to be that if he could whip he was smart and would make the children behave and learn. The popular idea of school government at that time ap- peared to be that brute force was the only proper con- trolling power. Seldom was a teacher found who would as a rule resort to gentle means, kind and encouraging words and moral suasion to maintain order and subjec- tion. It was about the year 1826 that a building was erected and a store opened immediately opposite the old school- house at Montville; the business of this store for years consisted mainly in buying in wood to be shipped by canal to Newark. In the stock kept at this store, as was generally the case in most stores at that time, was whis- key in its various forms. Many of the customers, being considerably under its influence, would loiter about there for hours; as a consequence very much, both in manners and language, that was improper and demoralizing was brought directly to the notice of the pupils at that school. From 1820 to 1840 it was the practice of a neighboring clergyman to visit the different schools within the circuit of several miles about once a quarter, and sometimes oftener, to catechise the children in the old Calvinistic catechism, and he would generally take the opportunity to try to impress upon the youthful minds " that in Adam all sinned, and that without repentance for the sin of Adam all would be condemned to eternal woe and suffer- ing in the lake of fire and brimstone," as he graphically expressed it. Since 1820 circumstances have greatly changed. The old' school-house at Montville that stood at the corner of the roads, and the whiskey store opposite, have long since passed away. Many years ago a new school-house, larger and with seats and desks somewhat improved, was erected on the site of the present one, which did service some twenty-five years for larger and better conducted schools, and was torn down about fifteen years ago to give place to the present brick structure, which is a neat looking and commodious building, with the most im- proved modern furniture. The condition of the public school at Montville fifty years ago may have been as re- gards its immediate surroundings rather exceptional, but in other respects it may be taken as a truthful represen- tation of the average country district school of that day; and as such we present it, to give an idea of the general condition of the schools in the township at that period, for we have not space for a history in detail of each dis- trict. In Pequannock township ( speaking without reference to such part of it as was set off to the new township of Rockaway in 1844) the first places where district schools were established were Pompton Plains, Pine Brook, Montville, Beavertown and Lower Montville ; subse- quently they were opened at Waughaw, Jacksonville, Stony Brook, Pompton and Upper Bloomingdale; in 1831 at Boonton; in 1844 a district was formed near Boonton known as No. 6, and another at Taylortown in 1849. The first school-house on Pompton Plains of which we have any authentic account was built some years prior to r8oo, and stood on the opposite side of the street from the present school-house and near to the present church edifice. About 1807 or 1808 a portion of the people, becoming dissatisfied with the school as kept in this building, united in building a house about half a mile north of the church, in which a school was opened under David Provost as teacher. About 1824 a new school building two stories high was erected on the op- posite side of the street from the church, which for many years served to accommodate a much larger school under teachers of far superior ability; this school frofn 1840 to 1855 ranked among the first in the township. In 1872 this building, which had become old and dilapi- dated, was removed, and on the same site the present one was erected, which though less roomy is more modern in style and comfortable in its internal arrange- ments. The first school-house at Beavertown of which w.e have any account was a log building and stood a few hundred yards east of the present hotel site; it was probably built before 1776 and continued to be used as a school-house until 1806. The second one stood on the east side of the road leading to Pompton Plains, about a quarter of a mile north of the present railroad station. It was a frame building erected about 1809, and was used there several years, and then removed into Passaic Valley, about a mile south of Beavertown corner, a majority of the inhabitants residing in that part of the district. It was used there only a few years, and was then sold, and another was built in a more central spot, near the site of the present building. This second building, erected in 1838, served the district until 1872, when it was removed to make room for the present one, which is a neat edifice of the modern style, having a cupola and bell and furnished with improved desks and seats. At Pine Brook the first house known ta have been built for school purposes was a log building about half a mile north of the present one, on the road leading to- ward Boonton; this was probably erected about 1760. The-next, a frame building, was erected about 1785, and stood perhaps a quarter of a mile south of the present one. This second building was used a number of years, until an effort was made by the people of this district (a por- tion of whom reside on the Hanover township side),, which resulted in a new school-house in Hanover town- ship, near the present residence of Caleb W. Edwards. This location was not central, and after a trial of a few years the school proved a failure for want of support. A majority of the people desiring abuilding more centrally located, and of a size suited to accommodate the neighbor- hood for holding religious meetings on Sundays, the building in Hanover was abandoned, and a larger one SCHOOL-HOUSES m PEQUANNOCK. 287 was built on the northwest corner of the roads, nearly opposite the present school building. This was erected about the year i8i6 and served the district until 1852, when the present one was erected, which has sufficient room and comfortable internal arrangements. David Young, who for so many years made the calculations for the "Farmer's Almanac," and who signed his name " David Young, Philom.," taught school in this district about 1820 or a little prior to that time. He was natu- rally gifted with great mathematical ability, and a love for the study of astronomy, but was rather eccentric and not very popular as a teacher. For many years he lived in this vicinity, at Hanover Neck, and was relied on by the people in this district to examine teachers applying for their school. Ezra Fairchild, who in 1827 had estab- lished a select school at Mendham, was induced by the great fame of Mr. Young as a natural mathematician to engage him as a special teacher in that branch of study; Mr. Young, although a perfect master of the subject in all its branches, was not successful as a teacher, because of his want of ability to impart his knowledge to his pupils. In the Lower Montville neighborhood we are able to __trace the location of six school buildings within the past hundred years. The first, a log building, was probably erected prior to 1769, and stood on the west slope of Horse Neck Mountain, nearly opposite the present resi- dence of Azariah Crane. Levi Stiles, an octogenarian, says he has a distinct recollection of hearing his father tell that he went to school in this building to a teacher by the name of Marinus, who was a man of learning and ability and who occasionally preached, but that at times he would tipple, and that he used to say to the people, "You must do as I say, and not as I do." Mr. Stiles says his father was old enough to enlist, and did enlist in the war of the Revolution before its close; and hence we infer that it was about 1767 or 1768 when he attended this school taught by Marinus, and that the teacher was the first minister who officiated at the Pompton Plains church, and whose ministerial relation to that church was dissolved on account of his intemperate habits. The next school building was also a log house, and stood abput half a mile south of the present school- house, on the road leading to Pine Brook. The third school-house, which was also of logs, with its broad open fireplace and clay and stick chimney, stood about 175 feet south of the present residence of Levi Stiles, and it was at this place, under a teacher named Simon Basco, that Mr. Stiles learned his letters; this school-house must have been in use from about 1790 to 1808. The next one was a frame building which had been used as a store-house, and was purchased by the people of the district and moved on to a lot of ground leased for fourteen years from Dr. George Wurts. This house stood on the road leading to Pine Brook, about a quarter of a mile south of the present school-house. It served the district until the expiration of the ground lease, about 1824, when it was sold. For a few years after this the district was without a school-house and without a school. The first teacher employed in the first frame school-house in this district was Patrick Caffrey, who continued to teach till 1812. Mr. Stiles says he went to school to him, and has now in his possession a "cypher- ing book," which is well preserved and contains some fine specimens of chirography executed by this teacher. Mr. Stiles relates an incident which goes to show the natural hatred of the Irish race for the English govern- ment. One day Caffrey came from his school to Mrs. Stiles's, where he was then boarding, and taking the news- • paper, which had just been brought in, began to read; in a few minutes he broke out very excitedly with the ex- clamation, "Glorious news! Glorious news!" and con- tinued thus exclaiming until Mrs. Stiles asked him if he was crazy. " No, no," said he, " I am not crazy, but America has declared war against England, and that is really glorious news, and I am going to' help the Amer- icans fight the British;" and he did at once leave his school and enlist in the service of the United States. About 1828 a lot of ground was obtained on the road leading across the Horse Neck Mountain,- and on it a school-house was erected which served the district until 1872, when it was removed to make room for the present building, which is of sufficient size, neatly finished and provided with the improved school furniture. The first building used for school purposes at Waughaw was of stone and stood at the corner of the roads a few hundred yards north from the Whitehall Methodist church. The second building was erected about the year 1830, at a point about a mile northwesterly from the first, and continued to serve the district until 1873, when the present building, neat and convenient in its arrange- ments, was erected on a spot more central in the district. At Jacksonville there have been two school buildings on the same site; the first erected about 1825, and the second about the year 1854. At Stony Brook, as far as we have been able to ascer- tain, there have been within the past ninety-six years three school-houses. The first was built of logs about 1785, a mile and a half south of the present one; the second, which w'as also a log building, stood near the site of the present house, and was erected about 1815; and the third, a frame buidling, was put up about the year 1834. In 1875 this house was thoroughly repaired and rendered almost as good as new. At Pompton, since the establishment of a public school system, there have been two school-houses; the first, an old stone house, which was in use from the commence- ment of this district until 1855, when the present frame building was erected. At Upper Bloomingdale the first school-house was built about the year 1839. It served until 1873, when a new house, of larger size, more modern style and better arrangements, both internally and externally, was erected. Care of the Poor. We have no means of ascertaining exactly how the poor were cared for from the beginning of the settlement ttlSTORY Of MOtlfetS COtrlSTTY. here up to the time when Pequannock township was formed, in 1740, and a record was started, in 1741. It is probable that the method of relief was similar to that found in use in 1745, and for eighty years subsequent which was to farm them out by selling them annually to the lowest bidder, who would agree to keep them for a definite sum and sustain all expense save the doctor's bill. The record of the first town meeting in Pequan- nock, in 1 741, shows that two persons, Abraham Van- duyne and Henry Mandeville, were elected overseers of the poor. There is no record of any amount voted for the relief of the poor in that year or for several succeed- ing years; but there is some record of the making up of the accounts of the overseers of the poor at the end of the year. The amount of their accounts was small, and even as far along as 1760 the records show the amount of such accounts for the year was ;;^io 4s}- id., equal to $25.51. In that same year it was voted to raise ^15 ($37.50) for the relief of the poor; in 1762 ;^3o was voted for the relief of the poor; in 1769 ;!^3o, in 1770 ^£50, in 1771 j£ioo, and in 1780 ;^i,ooo proclamation money. This seems a large increase, but when we consider that this proclamation money was current at only about one sixth of its face the advance in the poor rate will be seen to have been comparatively small. In 1782 the sum of _;^i30 was voted for the support of the poor, showing that in the filling up of the settlements in this township, embracing so large an area, in the space of forty-one years the increase in the poor rate was only about $300. In 1788 it was voted that the poor be sold all in one place, and that the dog tax be for the use of the poor; the town records show that the town poor that year were sold to Casper Dod for ^^69 los. ($173.75). In 181 2 it was voted that the paupers be sold all to- gether to the lowest bidder, the person taking them to be entitled to the money arising from the sale of all estrays, and all fines that might be forfeited in the town that year, and required to relieve the town from all expense for paupers for one year, excepting the doctor's bill. The next year the town voted that the poor be sold separately to the lowest bidder, and that all of them able to be moved be brought to the place where they were to be sold on the Saturday next following town meeting. The plan of selling the poor all to one person not proving satisfactory it was abandoned, and the old method again adopted of selling the keeping of the poor to different individuals, the lowest responsible bidders. This method was continued for many years, until the people, impressed with more enlightened views, came to regard with ab- horrence this plan of selling the poor, and concluded that some better method might be found of dealing with pauperism; at least more humane if not more economical. Accordingly in 1823, at town meeting, a resolution was adopted authorizing the town committee to receive written proposals for the purchase of a farm for the poor, and to report at the next meeting; and to advertise for that purpose in the county paper, the Palladium of Liberty. This movement in Pequannock induced Hanover town- ship, where a like project was under consideration, to in- vite Pequannock to join with it in purchasing a farm and erecting a poor-house. This offer of Hanover, being submitted to the people in Pequannock at the annual town meeting in 1824, was declined. At the same meet- ing the town committee was authorized to purchase a farm, not to exceed in cost for farm and utensils $3,000, and a resolution was passed to the effect that in case the township should be divided one half the purchase money was to be paid by the party holding the farm to the part of the township set off, provided an agreement should not be entered into to support the poor equally. That year the committee purchased a farm of about 163 acres belonging to the estate of William Alger, situated in Rockaway Valley, for $2,400. This farm had upon it an old-fashioned but quite roomy house, and the paupers were at once removed to it and placed under the care of a keeper. This was the end of "farming out" or "selling the poor" in Pequannock township. In 1825 at the annual town meeting a resolution was adopted vesting the whole charge of the township poor-house and farm in the overseers of the poor, who were authorized to appoint a keeper. This continued to be the mode of providing for the maintenance and care of the poor in Pequannock town- ship for about thirteen years. In 1837 the board of free- holders of the county resolved to purchase a farm and erect thereon suitable buildings to be used as a county poor-house, whereat should be kept all the paupers from the several townships in the county. This resulted in the purchase by the county of the farm and poor-house of Hanover township at Old Boonton, together with some additional tracts of land, in all about 240 acres, on which a building was erected specially for the purpose, which was opened for the reception of inmates in 1838. The total first cost of the lands, buildings and fixtures, farm- ing stock and utensils, was about $17,000; since that the poor of the different townships have been supported and cared for at this establishment, and maintained by a county tax, assessed not according to the number of paupers from each township, but upon the taxable prop- erty. In consequence of this step taken by the county Pequannock township resolved to sell its poor-house and farm and send its paupers to the county house; and the township committee was authorized to that effect, and to execute a sufficient deed to the purchaser, and also to sell the moveable property upon the farm at auction. Accordingly on the nth of April 1838, and at an ad- journed sale. May 26th, the movable property on the farm was sold, amounting to $783.11, and the farm was sold to James Dixon for $3,000. Pequannock township at this time embraced a large extent of territory, nearly all of what is now Rockaway township, and all of what is now Boonton, Montville and Pequannock. After set- tling up all bills against the township, there was left on hand a balance of funds of $2,261.80. The people of the township voted to apply each year a portion of this fund toward the amount voted for the support of schools, and thus lessen the taxes. In this way after many years this surplus was used. At the time of setting off Rockaway PEQUANNOCK IN THE CIVIL WAR— THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. 289 township from Pequannock in 1844 there was yet a con- siderable amount of the surplus remaing, for the records show that in May of that year 11,157.91 of it was paid to Rockaway as its proportionate share Patriotism in the Civil War. In the early part of 1861, when the southern States were organizing for open rebellion, had declared their purpose of setting up another government, and were pre- paring to fire on Fort Sumter, the people of Pequannock were not slow to manifest their loyalty to the republic and the unity of the nation. On every prominent corner and at every hamlet poles were erected and the national banner, that emblem of unity and liberty, was floated to the breeze. When President Lincoln after the fall of Fort Sumter issued his proclamation on the 15th of April i86r for 75,000 troops to defend the national capital, the quota of Pequannock was promptly filled by volun- teers. Proof of the great alacrity with which the people of New Jersey responded to this call for troops is found in the fact that Govenor Olden's proclamation was issued on April 17th and the state's quota of four regiments, was filled and reported ready within thirteen days ; and this was before bounties was offered for enlistment. In- deed, so great was the desire to enlist at the first call, and immediately after the filling of the first quota, that that many enlisted in regiments in New York and Penn- sylvania. At each subsequent call for troops Pequan- nock township was prompt to respond in volunteers, and consequently was not subjected to a draft. When the war was ended and volunteers were return- ing to their homes the people of Pequannock were not unmindful of their honored dead. About the first of June 1865 a meeting was called at Washington Hall in Boonton to consider what action should be taken in order to erect a suitable monument to the memory of those from Pequannock who volunteered and perished in the war. It was decided to have a grand and suita ble celebration of the Fourth of July and to devote the proceeds toward a monument, and to that end a com- mittee was appointed to canvass the township and ascer- tain the public mind. Everywhere throughout the town- ship that committee met with a favorable reception and found an earnest willingness on the part of the people to aid in the success of the object. The committee re- ported at an adjourned meeting, and immediate action was taken to fully organize, to effect the necessary ar- rangements. It was decided to add to the interest of the occasion by the representation of a sham battle, and for that purpose to secure the aid of the returned soldiers, and for their use to procure from the State arsenal six pieces of artillery. The day was propitious, and at an early hour a large concourse ot people, estimated at 5,000 or more, had assembled to witness the proceedings and participate in the enjoyments of the day. The exer- cises opened with the battle scene, representing the bom- bardment, the storming and capture of the rebel fort, which was executed entirely by the soldiers who had just returned from the real battle field, and so successfully in all its parts that it proved very pleasing and instructive to the multitude of spectators. Immediately after this the people assembled in a grove near by and listened at- tentively to an able and eloquent address by Major Z. K. Pangborn, of Jersey City. The day was pleasant throughout, the multitude orderly and pleased, and the celebration was eminently a success. The result finan- cially amounted to over $2,500, from which deducting expenses — a little over ^1,200 — there remained a balance of f 1,300 to be devoted to the erection of the soldiers' monument. This was at once invested 'in township and government bonds at six per cent., and the interest to- gether with other additional sums kept invested until 1876, when it was found that enough had accumulated for the purpose, and a contract was made for the erec- tion of the monument. A site was selected for it at an elevated point on the west side of Main street in the town of Boonton; the work was completed and the mon- ument in position in time to be unvailed and dedicated with suitable exercises on the 4th day of July 1876. The monument was designed and built by H. H. Davis, of Morristown, at a total cost, including foundation and inclosure, of $3^500. It is of Quincy granite and stands thirty-three fedf high above the foundation. On the base, which is seven feet ten inches square, is the date of its erection, and above on the face of the die the fol- lowing inscription: "Erected by the people of Old Pe- quannock in grateful remembrance of their fellow citizens who volunteered in defense of the Union in the war of 1861-1865." During the late war Pequannock township furnished 888 men for the Union army, of whom 547 were volun- teers and 341 substitutes. At first no bounties were paid, but toward the last bounties ranging from $300 to $600 were paid for recruits, which in this township made a large debt, amounting to ||i 20,950, for which the town- ship by act of the Legislature was authorized to issue coupon bonds. These bonds with the interest have been promptly paid as they became due. There now (1881) remains a balance of $19,950 of the principal unpaid, and the last bonds will become due in 1884. The act of 1867 dividing old Pequannock into three townships provided that the bounty debt should be under the control of a joint committee of those townships, ^nd the necessary tax to meet the bonds and interest as they became due should be apportioned each year among the three. We are unable to find any record of the number of those from Pequannock who enlisted and were killed in battle or died from wounds received or disability incurred in the service, but it is estimated that the number of such was equal to 6 per cent, of the number furnished, and that fully 6 per cent, more returned to their homes in a greater or less degree disabled. It is well known that after the war ended there were vacant chairs in. many family circles, and numerous widows and children were thrown upon the government as pensioners. There were some families in which all the able bodied male members of suitable age enlisted in the service. The accounts of extreme suffering to which some taken prisoners by the rebels were subjected would seem almost beyond belief were it not that they had been fully corroborated by credible living witnesses. Charles F. Hoi^kins, now a prominent citizen of Boonton, enlisted early in the war, was wounded, taken prisoner and confined in the notor- ious Andersonville prison, from which after a term of great suffering he was released, reduced to a mere skel- eton. Under careful treatment in a hospital, by reason of the remaining vitality of a naturally strong constitu- tion he recuperated, and lives to tell of the horrid scenes of suffering he witnessed, where hundreds were crowded in that stockade amidst the greatest filth, obliged to sleep in the open air without covering, or for protection to burrow like beasts in the ground, and where some of his fellow townsmen suffered a lingering death from sickness and starvation. RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. By Rev. B. C. Megie, D. D. jjANDOLPH is the most central township of Morris county and the largest in population, and excels the other townships in prospective prosperity. The Morris Canal and the Del- aware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad pass through it; also the High Bridge branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The D., L. and W. connects with the Chester Railroad, as it does also with sev- eral smaller railways which tap the iron m.ines in the vi- cinity. Dover, an incorporated borough in the township, where these railroads center, is situated about midway between the Hudson and Delaware rivers, being forty- two miles from New York and forty miles from Easton. Randolph township was formed from Mendhara town- ship, in 1805, and so named after Hartshorn Fitz-Ran- dolph, one of its most eminent residents. Morris county was formed in 1739. Sixty years later, in 1798, Mend- ham township was set off, and seven years after that, viz. in 1805, Randolph was formed from Mendham. The late Richard Brotherton, who while living was the best authority for the early history of the township, often amused himself and astounded his hearers by announcing the paradox that in the same room in his father's house three persons were born, who were all born in different counties and different townships. The first was born in Burlington county and Whippanong township; the second in Hunterdon county and Mendham township, and the third in Morris county and Randolph township. Situated in the northern highlands of the State, the country is uneven and hilly, which is favorable to health and affords landscapes beautiful and picturesque. The soil, if not the most fertile, yet possesses those essential elements which under wise cultivation will render it abundantly productive; but the mineral resources beneath the soil have attracted and will continue to attract more attention and yield a more liberal remuneration to the workman than the soil itself. Iron ores of the richest quality are found in great abuntfance. The assessors' figures for 1881 were as follows: Valu- ation of real estate, $1,254,550; personal property, I293,- 900; debt, $28,100; polls, 1,608; State school tax, $3,879. - 21; county tax, $3,612.92; road tax, $5,000; poor tax, $300. The Indians. The aborigines, numerous in other parts of the State, do not seem to have been so much so in this town- ship. Still, evidences of their existence remain, not only in the names of the streams, mountains and lakes, but also in the arrow heads, stone axes and spears, and other rude implements still found in certain localities. Near the residence of Mrs. Jacob Hurd, just above the canal where it crosses the stream called Granny's Brook (which passes under the canal acqueduct and unites with the Rockaway River), tradition says, are traces of an old Indian village. Smith in his Colonial History of New Jersey says that within every ten miles square was to be found in 1760 a distinct tribe of Indians, named after the river or mountain of the neighborhood. We in our day within every five miles square give a different name, not to the people but to the place in which they dwell. The red men gave a name not to the place but to the persons who lived there; and these numerous tribes were not dis- tinct classes of people, but parts of one greater tribe or nation. All the Indians of New Jersey belonged to one nation, whom the English called Delawares, but the Delawares called themselves Lenni Lenapes, which means original people. They claimed not only to be aborigines, but the origin of the aboriginal tribes of this country. While each petty tribe in the State had a chief of its own, it yet acknowledged a chief of the nation, to whom all the rest were inferior and in subjection. About the middle of the preceding century the proud and popular chief of the Lenni Lenapes was named Teedyuscung. He was so much esteemed by his nation that after he be- came sagamore he was crowned king of the Delawares. Teedyuscung often kindled his council fire within this county, on Schooley's Mountain, and there held import- ant consultations with his tribes. From the place of his council fire near Drakestown the people of that neighbor- hood still point out an Indian path, which led through the hunting grounds of the highlands to the fishing places on the Delaware River. Teedyuscung was a Christian, a convert of the Moravians, who had several mission stations among his people, and after his conversion a warm friend and patron of the renowned Presbyterian missionary David Brainerd. This chief and king ren- PIONEERS OF RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP. 291 dered valuable services to the English during the French and Indian war. The Minisinks were the most savage and warlike of all the tribes belonging to the Delawares in this State. They were the Indians of Morris county, and extended from the borders of Hunterdon county to Carpenter's Point and beyond. The Minisinks were divided into smaller tribes, which called themselves by different names in dif- ferent localities, as Whippenongs, Parsippinongs, Pe- quannocks, Hopatcongs, Pequots, Pohatcongs, Lopat- congs and the Tike. Early Purchasers and Settlers. In 1713, the same year in which Hunterdon county was set off from Burlington, John Reading, a public sur- veyor and a prominent character in New Jersey, at one time president of the " Council," and acting governor of the State, made a survey of land in this township and portions were offered for sale. The first purchaser was John Latham, who bought of the proprietors 527 acres. Thus early, even twenty-five years before Morris county was organized, efforts were made to attract settlers to the northern part of the State, and speculators were in the field. It does not appear that Mr. Latham himself occu- pied any of his 527 acres, but in 1722 he sold this property to John Jackson, who was the first actual settler. It was the magnetic iron ore of this region that attracted Mr. Jackson. He erected a dwelling where Mrs. Jacob Hurd now lives, on the site of the old Indian village; and on the stream immediately in front built a forge, and com- menced the iron business. The ore which was made into iron in this forge was brought from the famous Succa- sunna or Dickerson mine at Ferromonte, about two miles northwest of the forge. Moses Hurd, the ancestor of the Hurds of this township and vicinity, soon after came from Dover, New Hampshire, and worked in this forge. Dover, N. J., was originally called Old Tye; when and how it obtained the name of Dover is uncertain, but in all probability Moses Hurd may have named it after his former place of residence in New Hampshire. In 1722, when the first settler moved into Randolph, the facilities for travel in other parts of the State were not equal to those of the present time; for the Philadel- phia paper of that year says, " The mail from New York to Philadelphia is three days behind time, and is not yet arrived." Other persons found their way to Jackson's forge and found employment there, and the first settle- ment grew slowly. The second purchase of land in the township, which brought settlers into another part, was made by Joseph Kirkbride. His first purchase was made of the proprie- tors in 1 7 13, the same year in which John Latham bought his 527 acres. In two several purchases, in the south and middle parts of the township, he bought property amounting to 5,779 acres; and in 1716 he bought 558 additional acres, which included the Dickerson mine, then called the Succasunna mine, making in all 6,337 acres — a little more than one third of the township. Joseph Kirkbride died and left his property to his three sons, Joseph, John and Mahlon; it was equally di- vided between them, except the Succasunna mine, which was held by them jointly till it was sold, first to Jonathan Dickerson, who purchased an interest in it; and after- ward Jonathan Dickerson and Minard Lefevre, in 1779, purchased the whole. It does not appear that any of the Kirkbrides settled in Randolph township, but they in- duced other persons to move in and purchase of them. In the year 1732, about the time that Joseph Kirkbride died, Daniel Carrell purchased one hundred and fifty acres south of Centre Grove and a little to the northwest of the Presbyterian church; this descended to his son Daniel, from him to his grandson James, and from him to his great-grandson James, who still lives on it. Another great-grandson, John Carrell^ lived on a farm just east of the old homestead, wliere he raised a good family and left a good name. A few years ago he sold this farm to a Mr. Eddy, from New York. John Carrell still lives in the neighborhood. A family by the name of Youngs, consisting of Robert Youngs, Mitchell Youngs and John Youngs, settled on a farm west of the Carrell property, where Lawrence Dal- rymple now resides, but they haye left no descendants in the township. In 1767 Joseph Dalrymple purchased land where Sol- omon Dalrymple now lives. He had fourteen children, among whom was Solomon, who left nine children, in- cluding Daniel Dalrymple. The last named lived on the old homestead; his only surviving son is Solomon, who now occupies the original farm. Daniel P. Merchant, who died in 1881, belonged to an old family, and was a leading townsman; several of his children dwell in the vicinity. Daniel Bryant, at Golden Corners, belongs also to one of the old and leading fam- ilies of the township. Thomas Coe and Henry Menard were old residents, who should be mentioned in this con- nection. Mr. Coe's descendants are still prominent in the township. The winter after Daniel Carrell moved into the town- ship, viz. 1740, was called "the hard winter." There was a deep fall of snow, and the cold was extreme; and, in order to save his cattle from starving, for several suc- cessive weeks he brought hay on his back a distance of two miles and a half, walking, with the aid of snow-shoes, on the uneven crust. Some cattle perished; and a man who had dug his way to the barn under the snow and could not get back, and his wife, who was left alone in the house, were found dead after the snow melted in the spring. In the summer of 1740 William Schooley, son of the noted pioneer William Schooley from whom Schooley's Mountain derived its name, moved from that mountain to this township, and purchased of Mr. Kirkbride 600 acres, which included what is now known as Mill Brook. His son Robert Schooley built a grist-mill at Mill Brook, which was the first mill in the township and the first mill started west of Morristown. His children were daughters, who lived and died in the township, after changing their name to Brotherton. 39 292 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Henry Brotherton in 1744 purchased ot Kirkbride 400 acres, a little to the west of Mill Brook, and married the oldest daughter of William Schooley. James Brotherton, brother of Henry, married the second daughter of Wil- liam Schooley, and settled near his brother. The first Schooley, whose name was Thomas, came from England in the ship " Martha," which landed at Burlington in 1677. The next year Robert Schooley, brother of Thomas, came from England to Burlington, in the ship " The Shield." William, the son of Robert, made his way to the northern part' of New Jersey, and in 1730 (?) bought a large tract of what is called Schooley's Moun- tain. William Jeff Lefevre,, son of the late Dr. William B. Lefevre, who now resides on Orchard street, Dover, is a young artist of some prorriise. Some of his larger paint- ings were on exhibition in the art gallery of Philadelphia in the summer of 1881 and were spoken well of. He ex- cels in rural landscape, and especially in cattle painting. Mr. Lefevre descends from some of the oldest families of this region, both on his father's and mother's side. He is a lineal descendant of Hippolyte Lefevre, who came to the province ;of New Jersey in 1675, in the ship ■' Grififith," which was the first ship to come to this colony with emigrants. At that date special efforts were made by the proprietors of West Jersey to colonize the province, and in this ship a number of persons came with money, in order to improve their financial condition. Hippolyte Lefevre landed at Salem and settled in the southern part of the State; but in 1750 his grandson, Minard Lefevre, was the owner of a farm in this township, and in 1779, with Jonathan Dickerson, joint owner of the famous Suc- casunna mine. His son, John Lefevre, married Eliza- beth, the granddaughter of J. Jeff. His son, William B. Lefevre, M. D., was a prominent man in this region, and died July 2nd 1881, in his 77th year. Dr. William B. Lefevre married Mary C, daughter of David B. Hurd. William Jeff Lefevre is of the fifth generation in descent from Hippolyte Lefevre. Of his descent from the Jeff .family the line is as follows: J. Jeff was the owner of a line of vessels which sailed from England to this country. He settled at Elizabethtown about 1750. His daughter Mary Jeff married in 1779 Aaron Day of Elizabethtown, a lieutenant in a Jersey regiment during the war of the Revolution. Their daughter Elizabeth in 1801 married John Lefevre. The son of this couple, Dr. William Bonner Lefevre, in 1840 married Mary C. Hurd. Wil- liam Jeff Lefevre is the son of William B. Lefevre, M. D. Edward Hurd, one of the owners of the Hurdtown mine, is descended from Moses Hurd, the foreman in John Jackson's forge in 1722. Joseph and Daniel Hurd, sons of Moses, bought in 1790 a large tract of land at what from them is called Hurdtown, but at that time was called " The Two Partners." They built a saw-mill, started a forge, and opened the Hurdtown mine, now perhaps ttie most valuable iron mine in the State. This property was sold at sheriff's sale, and bought by Ed- ward Condit, president of the State Bank of Morristown. David B. Hurd, son of Joseph Hurd, was clerk in the State Bank, and married Eliza Condit, daughter of the president of the bank. Through this marriage the prop- erty came back to the Hurd family, in which it still re- mains. Edward Hurd is the son of David B. Hurd and the great-grandson of Moses Hurd. In the year 1745 Joseph Shotwell purchased of the proprietors 90 acres on the south side of the Rockaway River, including the water power and water privileges, and comprising what is now the principal part of Dover. In 1756 General William Winds purchased of Thomas and William Penn, the heirs of the great William Penn, 275 acres about one mile east of Dover. His house stood a little west of the present residence of Thomas Oram. This distinguished patriot, who took a prominent part in the Revolutionary war, lived and died on this farm. In the year 1757 Josiah Beman purchased upward of a hundred acres on the north side of Dover. He erected a forge near where the rolling-mill stood, a few rods north of the stone M. E. church, and carried on the iron business for many years and until the war of 1812. Most of these early settlers belonged to the Society of Friends. Even John Reading, who surveyed and laid out the first piece of land in the township, was originally a Quaker; but; being sent to England for an education, he became partial to the Presbyterians, and afterward joined that denomination, and he and his descendants became prominent and efficient members of that church. In 1 7 19 John Reading, together with Joseph Kirkbride and James Alexander, the surveyor-general of East Jer- sey, were commissioned by Governor Hunter to deter- mine the northern boundary of the State. Mr. Reading was always a strong friend of the Quakers, and he was the means of several of that denomination coming to this township. Banjamin Lampson bought of the proprietors a farm about a mile south of Dover, on the road from Rockaway to Mill Brook. This farm is occupied at the present time by his grandson Charles Lampson. Ezekiel Munson worked for several years in the old forge of John Jackson, and afterward purchased a farm near Benjamin Lampson's, which is now occupied lay his grandson Mahlon Munson. Other grandchildren — Ciiarles, Robert, Emeline, Rhoda and others — are still residents of Dover or its vicinity. Titus Berry, the father of Asa and Henry Berry, came from Pennsylvania during the whiskey rebellion in that: State, and purchased land in the northeastern part of the township. Many of his descendants still live in the township. Jesse King lived in a house occupying the site of Dr. Condit's residence on Prospect street, Dover, and had a blacksmith shop near by. He was also foreman in the iron works. He and his wife lived and died there, each upward of 9c years old. Jesse died one day, and his. wife the next, and both were buried at the same time. His daughter Margaret King married Jeremiah Baker, the father of Henry arid William Baker. John D. King EARLY SETTLERS IN RANDOLPH— ASSESSMENTS IN 1769. 293 and William King and their children are descendants of Jesse King. Moses Doty, in the year 1800, moved to Dover and built a house in the park, near the residence of Henry McFarlan. When the park was enclosed about thirty years ago his house was torn down and part of it put up on Elliott street. His son, Aaron Doty, had sixteen children who lived to grow up to manhood, and some of their descendants are still found in the neighborhood of the old homestead. Jeremiah Baker moved from Westfield, in this State, in 1810, and brought all he had in his knapsack, with money enough to buy a yoke of oxen. By industry and economy he become the largest landholder in the neigh- borhood. He married Margaret, daughter of Jesse King. He left three sons and as many daughters. He is a good illustration of what honest labor with prudence may accomplish. William Mott, from whom was named Mott Hollow (which is another name for Mill Brook), was a Huguenot from France. The persecution of the Huguenots began about 1560, and drove from France many of her best citizens and artisans, who went to England, and by their skill in the arts raised England above France. The Mott family (spelled properly De Motte, or De la Motte), went from France to England, from England to Maryland, and toward the close of the eighteenth century moved from Maryland to Mill Brook. William Mott, the first to emi- grate to this part of New Jersey, was a man of enterprise, who made his mark in his day. The Huguenots who came to this country brought with them a good reputa- tion, which still continues. The descendants of William Mott in this township are justly proud of their ancestral line. Richard Dell, a leading Quaker, was among the earlier settlers of the township, and owned land in the township of Rockaway, as appears by a deed to "Eaphrom Drake," recorded in 1764, of which the following is a part: " This Indenture witnesseth that the said Richard Dell, for & in consideration of the sum of One Hundred & Twenty Pound Light Money at Eight Shillings Pr Ounce, to him in hand paid by the said Eaphrom Drake at & before the Sealing & delivery of these Presents, the receipt whereof he doth hereby acknowledge & thereof doth clearly a Quit, Release & Discharge the said Eaphrom Drake, his hiears, Exectrs and Administrators for ever, by these Presents hath granted, bargened, sold, assigned. Enfeoffed, Released, Convead & Confirmed * * * the said Twenty-Five Eacors of Land, which his bounded as followeth: begenning at a Double Burch Tree Corner to Irick Decou, thomas Nun, & George Ikes, & runs from thence by the Land of Thomas Nun North Two Degrees East Twenty Chaine to a Corner to Solomon Smith's; then a Long his line Weast Twelve Chaine & a half to his corner; thence South Two De- grees West Twenty Chains and Twenty Links to a post on George Ikes' Line; then a Long the same North Eighty Nine Degrees East Twelve Chaine and a half to the beginning." In the southern and eastern portions of the township the following families early dwelt, most of whom have left descendants still on the homesteads: Sylvester Clark, Lewis Leforge, Enoch Roff, David Trowbridge, Samuel T. Abers, Abram Aber, Philip Till, Job Wolf, Peter Combs, H. J. Anson, Abram Seward, Carmen Bonnell, Aaron Lewis, and others who were equally good neigh- bors and honored citizens, whose names are not at our "Command. Randolph in 1769. Some idea of the relative value of Randolph township may be formed from the following quotas of the several counties assessed to pay a debt of _;;^i90,ooo in 1769. In the war between England and France carried on among the colonies the colony of New Jersey, for the use of the crown of England, raised the sum of ;£347,Soo "proclamation" money, in bills of credit. In 1769 a debt of ;^i 90,000 of the above sum remained to be sunk by taxes to be raised in the colony. The quotas of the sev- eral counties had been determined in 1751, when Jon- athan Belcher was governor; but now, 1769, the govern- ment said: " Whereas the circumstances of this colony are much altered by the ,great improvements made therein, by its increase and population, and the erection of a new county, it has become necessary that a new set- tlement be made of the proportions each county shall raise in future taxes for supplying the treasury of this colony with the said sum of one hundred and ninety thousand pounds." This sum was not to be raised in one year, but was divided into fourteen parts, and the last was not due until 1783. Every inhabitant was to be assessed according to his wealth. "All forges that work pig iron, and all forges and bloomaries that make bar iron imme- diately out of the ore, shall be rated not under five shil- lings nor above forty shillings for each fire; always sav- ing to the respective iron works in Evesham and North- ampton, in the county of Burlington, and to the Hibernia iron works, in the county of Morris, such privileges, im- munities and exemptions as are or shall be granted to them by a bill now under consideration of the Legislature of this colony, if the same shall pass into a law." As to all profitable tracts of land held by deed, patent or sur- vey, whereon any improvement was made, the whole tract was to be valued in each respective county as fol- lows: In the county of Bergen, not above ;^40 or under ;£S per acre; Essex, not above ^^45 or under ^g; Mid- dlesex, not above .;^40 nor under j£^; Monmouth, not above ;^45 nor under ;!£^5 ; Somerset, not above ;^so nor under ^9; Morris, not over ;^4o nor under _^5; Sussex, not over _;^35 nor under ^4; Hunterdon, not over ^4.^ nor under ;^6; Burlington, not over j£4$ nor under ^6; Gloucester, not over ;^4o nor under ;£^; Salem, not over j^^o nor under ;^5; Cumberland, not over ;,^35 nor under ^^5; Cape May, not over ;,^3o nor under ;^8." Some idea may be formed of the amount of improved lands in each county by the following assessments: In the years 1770, 1771, 1772 and 1773 the sum of p^i 2,500 was to be raised, in the proportion following — in the county of Bergen, ;^83o; Essex, ^928; Middlesex, 294 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ^1,09083.; Monmouth, ^1,336 8s.; Somerset, ^1,130 2S.; Morris, ;^904 5s.; Sussex, ;^74i 12s.; Hunterdon, ;£'i,704 i6s.; Burlington, ;!^i,339 iis.; Gloucester, ;^953 18s.; Salem, ^^849 los.; Cumberland, ;^48i 13s.; Cape May, ^208 13s. It seems that in this same 1769 old King George III. and his colonial governor, William, Franklin, who were extreme conservatives, believed in the progress of New Jersey, and that it would be as easy for the inhabitants '^° P^y .;^iS>oo° each year from 1773 to 1782 as it had been to pay ^12,500 for the four preceding years, and hence assessed the same articles at one-fifth part more for those nine years than they had assessed them pre- viously. But during this period the war of independence may have checked the prosperity of the colony, as it did divert the ^^15,000 to another channel. . Growth of Population. Randolph township was formed in 1805. The popula- tion has been as follows: 1810, 1,271; 1820, 1,252; 1830, 1,443; 1840. 1,792; 1850, 2,632; i860, 3,173; 1870, s.iii; 1880, 7,702. It is seen from these figures that the pop- ulation during the decade from i8io to 1820, instead of increasing, slightly diminished. This diminution was owing to the war of 1812, when many of the citizens en- listed in the army, and to the destruction of the iron industry in consequence of the war; for when peace was declared the American ports were opened to the English, who sold their iron in this country at a lower price than it could be manufactured at home; consequently the forges were stopped and the iron men generally failed. The rapid increase of the population from i860 to 1870 was also due to the iron industry, which was never so prosperous as during the late civil war and afterward, when new mines were opened and miners' wages were very high. This prosperity continued till 1873, when the financial depression began which lasted until 1879, during which period the iron business for the most part was suspended throughout the county, and, it might be added, throughout the country. Roads. The roads at first were left in a rude state by the early settlers. Usually they were the trails of the aborigines, somewhat improved. These old Indian paths were found by the white people to be well laid out, in straight lines except where they curved to avoid marshes and to cross streams at the best fording places. These narrow trails were gradually widened, and the white pioneers com- monly built their houses on these paths, sometimes locat- ing them at a distance for the sake of retirement and safety, but then making paths leading from their cabins, not in a direct line to the trail, but in a curve each way from their dwelling to the thoroughfare; and this custom may account for the seemingly needless curves in most of the roads of the township. While the population was sparse, and the distance from house to house consider- able, it was not to be expected that the new settlers could spend much time in work on the highways. Their lands needed all their labor, and their rude cabins required constant improvements; so that new roads were of slow growth, and old roads, if at all passable, were accustomed to neglect. Township travel was performed for the most part on foot or on horseback. Randolph's strongest attractions to the new comers were the iron ores rather than her soil. The same in- dustry brought the first white men to this county. The old forges at Old Boonton and Parsippany became the sites of the earliest settlements. The Succasunna mine was known and worked before the plowshare had turned over the sod of the township. Ore was taken from it on the backs of horses to the old forges. But even this method of transportation required roads of some sort. The Indian paths were utilized and improved for this purpose. The turnpike from Whippany to Rock- away and the old road from Morristown to Franklin and thence to Dover were Indian paths widened and im- proved. Until the beginning of the present century road improvement in any proper sense had not begun; but in 1801 a charter was given for the Morris turnpike, from Elizabethtown through Morristown and Newton to the Delaware opposite Milford. In 1804 the Union turnpike, from Morristown through Dover to Sparta, was opened, and it was afterward continued through Culver's Gap to the Delaware River. In 1807 the Jefferson turnpike was chartered, to run through Berkshire Valley to meet the Hamburgh and Paterson road; and in 1809 the Parsip- pany and Rockaway turnpike, from Vanduyne's through Rockaway to the Union turnpike at Dover. These roads were built by chartered companies and in some cases were aided by State appropriations. Fifty-four charters were given for such roads between 1801 and 1828. Some of the companies are still in existence, finding remuneration in tollgates. That part of the Union turn- pike from Dover to Sparta is still kept in order by the chartered company. The part from Morristown to Dover is thrown open to the public. This period of turnpikes marks an epoch in the State, and it gave fresh impulse to the people of Randolph. The Dover Turnpike Company, formed to build a road to Succasunna, was not organized till 1813. Previ- ous to this time travel was limited and most articles used in families were made at home. Stores were scarce and little patronized. Early Domestic Manufactures. Of necessity, in a new settlement, before the various trades have time to develop, the settlers are dependent on themselves for articles of use and comfort. Each man is a jack of all trades, and learns to do with few things, and to furnish those few for himself. Some of the products of the soil were occasionally carried by the farmer in an ox cart over the rough roads to Newark and to New York, and there exchanged for such articles as he most needed and could not manufacture himself. Less frequently a dry goods peddler would make his way to the settlements in the wilderness and barter his goods for butter, eggs and other country produce; but the greater DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES IN RANDOLPH— ANECDOTES. '9S portion of the early settlers either supplied at home their domestic wants or struggled on without their being sup- plied. Spinning and weaving were common in all the best households, and neighbors vied with each other in the manufacture of carpets and cloths. Here and there a loom became famous for its superior fabrics, and was invited to do work for others than the household. As a favor some took in weaving, and the homes in which the best spinning was done and the best cloths woven grew in honor and wealth. The skillful housewife was as much respected as the thrifty farmer. Women strove to merit the praise which Solomon bestows on excellent wives: "Who can find a virtuous woman? her price is far above rubies. She seeketh wool and flax and worketh willingly with her hands. She girdeth her loins with strength and strengtheneth her arms. She layeth her hands to the spindle and her hands hold the distaff. She is not afraid of the snow for her household. She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idle- ness. Her children rise up and call her blessed." — Prov. xxxi. lo. In the preceding century in the township of Randolph such looms and such wives were found in the families of the Randolphs, the Dells, the Brothertons, the Lawrences, and other happy homes; and such wives and mothers raised their households above want. Neverthe- less in the course of years children of parents who never owned a wheel or a loom began to dress in richer fabrics than could be produced by the unsparing toil of the in- duFtrious matron; for the larger factories, with the aid of machinery, turned out better materials than the best homespun of private looms. Though spinning continued, weaving began to wane and to be discontinued, save where the force of habit caused the old methods to con- tinue on, even after private weaving ceased to be econom- ical. A fulling-mill, earlier than in any other township except Morris, was built and put in operation at Mill Brook. To this mill most of the wool of the township was brought and sold, and here it was made into various kinds of cloth. " Tales of Old Randolph." The following anecdotes, by the author of this history of Randolph township, appeared under the above title in the Dover Enterprise, a sprightly little local monthly journal published by Frank H. Lindsley and E. L. Dickerson for a little over a year from April ist 1869. The First Settler. — From time immemorial the red man pitched his tent or built his wigwam, and chased the game, and paddled his canoe, and considered himself the lord of the land, just as now the landlord considers him- self the lord of the house. This primeval state lasted till the year 1713, when one John Reading, mounted on a horse and accompanied by two comrades bearing chain and compass, made his way to the western part of the • txjwnship, where he drove down a stake, fixed his land- mark, and measured off 527 acres near the Succasunna mine. This piece of land was sold by the proprietors of East Jersey to Joseph Latham. Mr. Latham never occu- pied it, and after owning it nine years he sold it to John Jackson. Mr. Jackson was an actual settler and the worthy ancestor of this town. In 1722 he erected a forge on the stream in front of the residence of Jacob Hurd; and then for the first time since the creation the loud reverberations of the hammer broke the silence of the forest, and announced the change which was about to be made in the do- minion of the red men by the art and industry of a su- perior race. From that day slowly but steadily has the step of civilization advanced. It would afford us unfeigned pleasure to be able to record the financial prosperity of our enterprising towns- man. But verity compels us to state that after toiling from mine to forge for the third of a century, his outlay so much exceeded his income that forge and hammer, stream and farm, were sold by one John Ford, an unfeel- ing colonial sheriff. This sad disaster may be owing to the unnatural feel- ing of the old mother country toward her young and in- experienced offspring. The child was allowed to work, but the parent claimed the earnings. The ore could be forged into iron, but the iron could not in the colony be wrought into useful articles. It must be transported across the broad Atlantic before it was allowed to be shaped into form for use. The sale took place on the 15th of August 1753; the forge was purchased by Josiah Beman and the farm by Hartsliorn Fitz-Randolph, whose dwel- ling, which he occupied from 1753 till 1807, when he died, stood where Elias Millen now resides. To this eminent and opulent Quaker our town is indebted for its name. Stories of Hartshorn Fitz-Randolph. — During the pio- neer period there resided in the township three worth- ies, viz., Richard Dell, Moses Tuttle and Hartshorn Fitz- Randolph; but Hartshorn was the worthiest of the three. He was most exemplary in his general deportment. True to his religious principles, he was careful about his thoughts, more careful about his words, and most careful about his deeds; he was rarely angry — when moved would stop and count before he spoke; yet he was human, and humanity may be tempted beyond its strength. A Quaker by birth, by education and by conviction, he could always be expected at the Friends' meeting. He spake at times when the Spirit moved him, and sometimes eloquently, but, in his broad brimmed hat and drab col- ored coat and serene countenance, even his silent pres- ence was highly edifying. It is a principle of the Friends never to use fire-arms, either in the chase or in the battle field. On one occa- sion this principle was tested by a severe ordeal; yet, guided by the light of nature, he was enabled almost to steer clear of both Scylla and Charybdis. The case was as follows: It was in the fall of the year; the buckwheat, which weeks before had filled the air with its fragrance, and sent the bee laden with honey to the hive, now held up its plump and ruddy face to the sky. No field in the county promised so abundant a crop. The wild pigeons which in those days abounded to an incredible extent daily visited this inclosure. One flock had scarcely gone before another came. It was necessary to do something. 296 ttlStORY OP MORRIS COUNTY. The grain was taking to itself wings and flying away. Guns, snares, strings, old hats on poles, white dimity and red flannel fluttering in the breeze, plowboy effigies, and all the scare-crow expedients known in those days had proved ineffectual. The birds seemed to be em- boldened by the greatness of their number, and, allured by plenty, or maddened by hunger, or stimulated by both of these at the same time, they cast off all fear and were taking off all the crop. There was a big musket in the attic and it was loaded — how it came there tradition does not explain. Hartshorn was thoughtful, he was plagued and puzzled; if he was excited, still he was silent. He stood by the fence; the fowling-piece was in his hand, and the birds were in his field; the gun rested on the rails, but pointed toward the center of the flock. His ears were stopped, his eyes were closed. A flash was seen and a noise heard by the neighbors; the Quaker turned instantly around and walked away; meeting a friend he said: "Friend, I took this rusty iron and thought to scare the birds; if I have hurt any thee can have them." The friend stepped over into the field and picked up — we hardly dare tell the number and yet this part of the story is better attested than any other — he picked up 90 pigeons ! This act from an agricultural necessity was several times repeated, but each time with eyes closed and ears stopped. Hence the good Hartshorn could not see and would not hear that he had ever in- jured a single bird; and by this expedient he saved at the same time both his buckwheat and his conscience. In 1682 East Jersey had 5,000 settlers, and many of of these were Quakers. Our own township was at first chiefly settled by members of this persuasion. Our dis- tinguished townsman Hartshorn Fitz-Randolph, from whom the town received its name, was a prominent mem- ber of this society. When spoken of by his brethren, he was called Hartshorn; when mentioned by others he was Mr. Randolph, or Fitz-Randolph, and sometimes only Fitz. Hartshorn was a man of a wise head, a warm heart, a liberal hand and feet swift in works of charity. But good men sometimes get into difficult places; and twice this was the experience of Fitz-Randolph. In those primitive days, when Hartshorn was in his greatness, it was customary for a certain class of emi- grants, who must cross the Atlantic and had not the wherewithal to pay their passage on their arrival, to be sold for a term of years long enough to defray the ex- penses of their trip over. Mr. Randolph was in need of laborers, and one day, while negotiating with a captain for a passenger named Fowler, the chattel, pleased with the benevolent countenance of a Friend, put in a word of en- treaty, at the same time commending the article. This de- cided the case, and Fowler became the slave of Fitz, or, as some thought, his master. This slave possessed more native wit than any freedman in town, and hence was called Randolph's " fool." It should be remembered that it was a cardinal principle of the Quakers to regard all men as equal, themselves on a level with the highest, and always ready to raise the lowest to their own eleva- tion. Labor in their opinion was never degrading, and hence to buy a man's service for a given time was not degrading him — it was only advancing his wages. How nearly the slave enjoyed equality with his master may be inferred from the sequel. Fowler was given to rhyming, and was called the town bard. It was owing to his poetic propensity that some facts have been preserved which would otherwise have passed into oblivion. One day the slave was in the field with a boy, plowing, when he disturbed a yellow hornets' nest; the oxen suddenly turned round and ran back. Just at that moment Mr. Randolph appeared, and — supposing them to be trifling and likely to spoil th? young team — with less than his usual mildness, shouted: " What is the m.Uter!" The "fool" with much composure replied: "This boy cannot manage the oxen; if thee will take hold of the plow I will drive them." Randolph took hold of the plow, intending to instruct both man and boy. Fowler led the oxen carefully around, so as to bring the plow against the hornets' nest, and then stopped. The insects, indignant at being again so soon disturbed, left home and rushed Avith one accord upon the innocent Quaker. Little suspecting that any mischief was intended. Hartshorn began to pity the boy, whom he had just rebuked, or would have done so had not circumstances required all his attention. The sting- ing insects were numerous and determined; they would not be driven off. Hartshorn struck the air; he struck his face, his sides, his legs; he jumped, he danced, he ran. The bard, with an air of innocence, as if unconscious of the cause and surprised at such antics in a Quaker, thus improvised: " Thee has been a good dancer. Thee takes a quick step ; What! faster and faster ? Thee is young enough yet." Once after this the master towered above his slave, but was soon brought to a level. The good Hartshorn faith- fully instructed his servant, and especially endeavored to impress his mind with the importance of letting his yea be yea, and his nay nay, and never confirming his word by an oath. It does not appear from any testimony, oral or written, that the fool profited by the instruction. On the contrary, the idea that a man who did not always speak the truth could not be believed under oath touched him perfonally, and he secretly resolved to abide an oppor- tunity to give his master a lesson on this point. At length the resolution went into operation. It was on the first day of the week, when Hartshorn and his servant were on their way to the meeting-house; for in those days all good people kept the Sabbath and went to the place of worship, taking with them not only the members of their family but also the strangers that were within their gates. The occasion was one of un- usual interest among the Friends; distinguished visitors from abroad were expected. Heavy rains had just fallen, and it was known that the streams were swollen; but Hartshorn and his servant found their path obstructed beyond all expectation, by deeper water then they had ever known on that road. Hartshorn looked disappointed TALES OF OLD RANDOLPH. 297 and said: " Fowler, what shall we do?" " There is no way but to go through," said the fool. " But we cannot go to the meeting dripping wet." "Art thou very anxious to go?" inquired the fool. "Very." " Well, I know of but one way, and that is for me to carry thee on my shoulders." " Dost thou think thou canst do it?" " I don't know; but if thee will promise me a quart of whiskey I will try." Hartshorn hesitated, not on account of the value of the article, but from fear that he might make bad use of it; but, anxious to go and persuading himself that he could persuade the fool to use it moderately, he made the promise. The slave stooped and received his burden, which he bore with ease to the middle of the stream, and there he paused, and, addressing the man above him, said: " Will thee surely give me the whiskey?" " Go on," said the Quaker, " thee knows ray promise." " Swear that thee will give it." "Go on; thee knows I never swear." " Swear or I will go no further." The master, knowing the perversity and daring of the fool, was greatly tried. He longed to be at the meeting, and was assured that he could get there only by indulg- ing the caprice of the fool. He sighed, and faintly ut- tered some qualification of his promise. " Louder!" cried the fool, "I can't hear, and thee is getting heavy." Poor Hartshorn sighed deeply, and then uttered the words with a clear voice. The unfeeling bard replied: " They that swear, the same will lie; Them I'll not carry, if I die." And immediately Fitz disappeared beneath the stream. But, confirmed in the propriety of never taking an oath, he came up a pure cold water man, the fool was kept sober, and the wise townsmen of Randolph learned never to trust themselves on the shoulders of another man while they had legs of their own. First Meeting -House and Graveyard. Washington and Little Rhoda. — We have already seen that the earliest settlers in this township were members of the Society of Friends. This plain and quiet people differ from other religious denominations in most things, having no min- istry, no sacraments and no ordinances; yet they early erected a house of worship. With the exception of a consecrated part of the forest, where the red men once invoked the aid of the Great Spirit, the Quaker meeting- house was for more than a century the only place where the people were accustomed to assemble for worship. This plain old sanctuary stood just in the rear of the site of the residence of Daniel Lampson, and the adjoining land, now an orchard, was then a graveyard. In this first graveyard of Randolph were buried the remains of those who had left milder climes and warm friends in the old world, contented with a wilderness if they could be un- molested in their faith and could secure to their de- scendants a quiet home. No costly monument ever adorned this cemetery, no humble stone ever distin- guished one sleeper's cell from another. In perfect sim- ilarity they were laid side by side, illustrating in the grave the doctrine of human equality which they pro- fessed when living. The little mounds first thrown up when the graves were fresh were in time reduced to a common level; and the plain meeting-house was never repaired. A new orre, however, was erected about a mile west of the old site, the frame of which still remains, though now six score years old. A touching incident associated with this graveyard, and which brings to light an event which makes our township classic ground, may here be related: In the residence situated only a few feet from the meeting-house lived Rhoda Lampson, who in 1857 de- parted this life, in the 94th year of her age. During the Revolutionary war, while our army was encainped at Morristown, General Washington rode up with a small company of horsemen into this vicinity, and pitched his tent in the field just opposite her dwelling. Little Rhoda at this time was just budding into maidenhood. The child was beautiful to look upon, and her beauty was visible even in her latest years. Decked in her best at- tire, which was simple, yet becoming, she was sent with a basket of fruit to the tent of the general. Washington met her with a smile, thankfully accepted her offering in his own sweet manner, and then, taking her by the hand as he bade her good-bye, said: " My daughter, in these times it is not safe for one so fair to venture far from mother's roof." The words were to her a mystery, yet they made an indelible impression on her mind, and no doubt exerted a direct influence in shaping her social destiny. Rhoda was strong in her affections, but her affections clung to the members of the family, and were henceforth fixed on her home. Her fair form and fairer countenance had produced peculiar emotions in several hearts, but there was one youth, who wore a broad brimmed hat and a drab col- ored coat, in whose presence her own heart had been known to flutter; and she would have loved him but for the strong love she had for her brother. Apprehensive that her friend might have designs of separating her from her family, in the ardor of a sister's love she pro- posed to her brother that they should live together as long as they both lived. The vow was mutually made, and made never to be broken. The Quaker, strong in his wish but tardy in expressing it, at length overcame his indescribable embarassment, and disclosed all that was in his heart; when to his dismay the sister's vow was re- vealed. This revelation broke the spring of his hopes. He endeavored to estimate the brother's constitution and the probable number of his days, but the prospect was so unfavorable that his heart sunk in despair. His ruddy cheek grew pale, his robust frame grew thin, and when near his end he made a dying request to be buried not in the new but the old graveyard, beside the dwelling of her he loved. The request was granted, and his grave was among the many honored graves in the first burying ground in the township. The brother and sister survived their parents, and for forty years after the sister kept house for the brother. The sister also lived a score of years after the brother's death. As she had made another's home comfortable, so now others made her a 298 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. comfortable home; every want was supplied and every kind attention bestowed, and when in good old age she was gathered to her people she was, according to her wish, buried in the old Rockaway church yard in a grave by the side of her brother. Andrew King and Stephen Hamilton. — One of the first dwelling houses erected in our township stood very near the present residence of Dr. Condict. Built in the prim- itive forest, its style of architecture was primitive, which may have been owing more to the absence of proper tools than to any want of mechanical skill. In external splen- dor it did not equal the old Quaker meeting-house, which still remains as a relic of by-gone generations. But if the outside was rude, it had yet a comfortable insidei with happy inmates. For a period longer than the mem- ory of the living runs to the contrary, this cabiji was oc- cupied by the family of Andrew King. Both husband and wife lived to a good old age, and were on the last half score of years which wonld have completed their century when they were gathered to their fathers. During the French war, in which the colonies of France and England were sadly involved, a New Jersey regiment had on its roll the names of at least two citizens of this vicinity; these were Stephen Hamilton and Andrew King. The battle field in those days was as far in the north as it has lately been in the south. Though the means of transportation were limited and the roads difficult, yet the patriots of the State succeeded in joining the main army long before it reached the place of action. The point to be attacked was Fort Ticonderoga, the great northern stronghold in those days. Our worthy young townsman King, who was only 19, who had first mourned and avenged the death of lord Howe, his commander in the fruitless assault on that fortress, and next had seen his comrade and fellow townsman Hamilton perish in at- tempting to storm the fort, finally with the rest crept cautiously homeward, consoling himself with the reflec- tion — " He that fights and runs away May live to fight another day ; While he that is in battle slain Can never live to fight again." King received an honorable discharge and returned home to enjoy the heroic reputation he so justly won. And often of a winter evening by the blazing hearth would he to wondering ears describe the daring feats, narrow escapes, and fearful sufferings of that summer campaign of 1758. And by the soldier's story the fires of patriotism were kindled in other hearts, and other souls were set burning for military service and military glory. Hence, a few years later, when the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and the colonies re- nounced allegiance to the mother country, the exper- ienced veterans of the French war were the first to un- sheath the sword, and were prepared to lead the enthu- siastic volunteers to victory and fame. Stephen Hamilton, who with 2,000 comrades fell in the unsuccessful effort to take Ticonderoga, claimed to be a grandson of Alexander Hamilton, the royal gov- ernor of New Jersey in the time of Queen Anne. Silas Hamilton, grandson to Stephen, and well known to many who may read this article, died in February 1869, at the age of 89 years. In his youth he was a close observer of nature, and 'being connected with several forges in this vicinity he was well acquainted with the streams by which they were operated. From the appearance of the rocks and land, then evident but since greatly changed, he satisfied himself that there was once a lake bounded on the west by the hill near Jacob Kurd's and extending by Washington forge, and then around and beyond the Allen mine, confined on the east near Dover by the mountain, then closed but now opened for the passage of the Rockaway River. He could remember when that opening, which he regarded as the outlet of the lake, was not fifteen feet wide; though now it is several hundred feet wide. In his youth there was at the foot of I^ake Hopatcong a forge with four fires. Near by there was, he said, a stone walk or causeway from an island to the shore, a distance of a quarter of a mile. It was believed to have been made by the Indians and was a work of great labor. While connected with the forge Silas saw squaws with papooses on their backs cross the lake on this causeway. At that time the walk was nearly on a level with the lake, but since the Morris Canal has been opened the lake has been raised several feet, destroying the water power of the forge, and making the causeway invisible. Patriotism and Rum. — Within the limits of our town- ship (though long before the name of Randolph was given to these limits), and not far from its southern borders, lived Oliver Crome, who became somewhat distinguished for the aid he rendered to the suffering soldiers of the Revolution during the encampment of the army in this county. Never did philanthropist enjoy a more favora- ble opportunity of performing humane deeds. It was in the winter of 1779-80. General Washington was at Morristown and his force was encamped on the hill back of the court-house, the encampment stretching several miles into the country toward Mendham. Poorly housed, poorly clothed and poorly fed, the snow deep and the weather cold, the soldiers endured severe hard- ships. Sometimes a whole week passed and the soldiers received no bread, and then another week and they re- ceived no meat. On two occasions they were without either bread or meat for two days. The table of the commander-in-chief was not much better supplied. Said the housekeeper of General Washington, Mrs. Thomp- son, " We have nothing but the rations to cook." " Well, Mrs. Thompson, you must cook the rations, for I have not a farthing to give you. " At this time Oliver Crome obtained the gratitude of the soldiers by his attention to their sufferings and the appropriation of the products of his farm. He became known to Mrs. Thompson, who through him obtained supplies for the general's table. At one time Mrs. Thompson obtained permission to draw six bushels of salt from the store-house, pretending that it was to preserve the fresh meat. Most of this salt went into the hands of Oliver Crome, who distrib- A TRAGEDY OF OLD RANDOLPH. 299 uted it among his neighbors, in exchange for poultry, veg- etables and the like. Salt was an article so difficult to be obtained by the farmers that Oliver became as popu- lar among them as he was among the soldiers, and the work, which he began from patriotic and philanthropic motives, became a profitable business. Oliver, untiring in his efforts to bring something palatable to the camp, was always well received by every ofificer, and especially by the hostess at headquarters. To dissipate the gloom and relieve the mind from the tedium of the winter a ball was got up, and to this entertainment Oliver Crome was invited, by a complimentary ticket. He had heretofore been amiable in disposition and temperate in all things. But here for the first time he indulged too freely in the wine cup. The war passed away and left Oliver a richer man, in good repute; but it was whispered about that the habit of excessive indulgence in strong drink was growing on him. Naturally genial, the tendency of his beverage was to increase his geniality to the neglect of his duties. Time was undervalued, he was less industrious, and his estate ran down. But this was not the worst. A young man, whose real name we cannot give, for reasons that may be inferred from the sequel, but whom we will call George Hudson, was an admirer of Oliver and became something of a fa- vorite at his house. The first thing he learned was to drink freely. And this he excused or justified by the ex- ample of his friend, and Oliver could never exercise cour- age enough to caution him against excess, but continued to furnish the beverage as long as George would drink. George in time married the daughter of Oliver Crome. Mr. Hudson was naturally exacting, and when under the influence of ardent spirits he was over-exacting. The consequence of this was soon felt in his own family. The farm on which George Hudson lived required more atten- tion than he bestowed on it, and it in consequence rather grew worse. He had a son named Frank, who had been brought up on this farm and been accustomed to do much of the work. As the lad grew the father looked to him to perform an amount of labor beyond his strength, and became altogether unreasonable in his demands. When especially stimulated by whiskey his exactions were cruel. One day, on leaving home, the father required his son to finish a certain amount in a cornfield before his return, threatening severe punishment if he failed. The boy, who was in his fourteenth year, worked faith- fully and unceasingly, but his task was not accomplished. The father returned in a state of partial inebriation, and, enraged that his threats had no effect, inhumanly fulfilled all that he had threatened. Poor Frank's very heart was broken and he never smiled afterward.* Another task beyond his ability was soon given him. But this time the father did not return till midnight, and Frank by working long in the evening was enabled to accomplish it. Over-tired, but free from fear of paternal wrath, his rest that night was sweet, expecting a word of commend- ation in the morning. But this expectation was sadly disappointedjfor the father in justification of his own cruel- ty made mention of what had been done as proof of what the hoy might have done on the former occasion. Soon after a still heavier task was given to the lad, accompan- ied by severe menaces if he failed. The boy began early and in earnest, but when noon came and one-third was not done his heart sunk within him. At dinner he said to his mother, " I cannot get my work done, and what shall I do? " She, afraid to interfere, lest she should make matters worse, said, " I hope you will be able to finish it." Mary, his little sister, said: "Frank, when I get my work done I will come and help vou; " and, true to her word, about 5 o'clock she made her appearance in the field. But her light and cheerful spirits seemed to make the load on the heart of her brother, already in- supportable, still heavier, for he had resolved what to do. So, sending Mary home with the cows, he said as they parted: "Mary, you may never see me again; if you do not, be a good girl, and may your life be happier than mine has been." The tone and look made an indelible impression, for little Mary is still living, though advanced in years and in another part of the country, and retains a vivid recollection of that hour. When she came to the house her father drove up, and she said to him, " Fa- ther, Frank has not got his work done, but has tried hard." The horse was put into the stable and the father went in to supper, after which, with whip in hand, he went down into the field. Not seeing the boy, he called, but received no answer. He searched field and barn and house without success. Irritated by disappointment, he resolved to inflict severer punishment when the lad did appear. But the night passed and morning came, and no news of Frank; noon arrived and no information. The afternoon passed and the sun was setting in a cloudless sky; the trees threw their long shadows to the east; the birds were singing their evening song, when the father thought he saw his son in the orchard hiding behind the farthest tree. Moving cautiously toward the spot unob- served, full of rage at the boy, he suddenly sprang for- ward, and there George Hudson stood before the lifeless body of his son, which was swinging in the air. Poor Frank, the victim of paternal wrath, denied natural sym- pathy, with no prospect of deliverance from his condi- tion, lost all hope, and giving way to despair sought, by this suicidal act, to put an end to his toils and fears. The neighbors attributed this painful tragedy to the un- natural disposition of the father; and the father attribu- ted his unnatural disposition to the influence of strong drink, and traced his appetite for this beverage to his ad- miration of Oliver Crome, with whom he formed the habit. Oliver attributed his downfall to the same ac- cursed beverage, and traced the formation of his evil habit to his admiration of those military officers whose example he imitated. The curse pronounced on those who tarry long at the wine fell heavily on Oliver Crome, and more heavily on his son-in-law, George Hudson, and most heavily on his innocent grandson Frank. General Winds and the Landlord. — Among the ancient worthies of the old Randolph, we must not omit to men- tion the name of the distinguished William Winds. This 40 300 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. eminent citizen and patriot was remarkable for his great physical strength, his more powerful voice, and the useful service he rendered his country. About 1750 he pur- chased a district of land, apart of which is now occupied by Robert and Thomas Oram. His residence was on the road to Rockaway, and almost on the eastern boundary of our present corporate limits. He passed through the ranks of captain, major, colonel and general, each of which offices he filled with honor. In 1758 he received a royal commission from England to serve as captain of a Jersey company. He was under General Abercrombie in the famous attack on Ticonderoga. He distinguished himself in this campaign, taking several French prisoners, some of whom he brought home with him, who settled in this vicinity; one named Cubbey lived in the captain's family for many years. Shortly after this campaign he was appointed the king's justice of the peace. *But about this time the revolutionary spirit was spreading through the colonies, and nowhere did it find a more genial hab- itation than in the big heart of the new judge. The of- fensive stamp act, passed in 1765, which required stamped paper to be used in all legal documents, was practically ignored by this powerful officer of the king. Having oc- casion to issue several writs, he made use of the bark of the white birch. Yet such was the undisputed authority of this magistrate that no one dared to dispute the legal ity of his orders, though the bark was known to be used in defiance of law. His interest in American affairs daily increased, and when the war for independence began he was among the most zealous of the Revolutionary patri- ots. A member of the Presbyterian church of Rockaway, he habitually took an active part in^the services. Pos- sessed of a gigantic frame and voice like thunder, when he joined in the singing he did it with such force that like a hero in an engagement, as he always was, he bore off victoriously the music of the assembly. He often led in prayer, and when praying for other objects kept his voice within proper bounds; but when he came to pray for the country it was like the voice of many waters, and he prayed as if he would take heaven by violence. In 1775 he received from the Continental Congress the commission of lieutenant-colonel. He was stationed at Perth Amboy, and was ordered to secure the person of Governor Franklin, the last of the royal governors of New Jersey. He wrote to Governor Franklin that he had heard he intended to leave the province, and forbade his doing so. The next year he was made colonel, and in 1777 he was commissioned brigadier-general. He was sent north on the expedition against Canada, and was among the few that survived that disastrous campaign. He was afterward in several engagements in this State. At one time he was on the right bank of the Hackensack River, while the enemy lay at some distance on the opposite side. It was here he frightened off a detachment of mil- itia by his voice. Addressing his men in a stentorian tone, so as to make the enemy hear, he shouted, " Open to the right and left and let the artillery through! " The foe suddenly disappeared. It was in this period that an incident occurred that tar- nished for a moment the escutcheon of our township's glory. The news spread that the British were invading North Jersey,- and all the available force in Morris county was called out. Beraan, the brother-in-law of General Winds, was the keeper of the hotel of Dover. Officers were sent to take every person over 18 years of age that they could find. One of these officers, meeting the land- lord, informed him that he must go. This chivalrous soul, pale and trembling, replied, " You must be careful what you say or do to me, for I married the general's sister." But he evasively promised that he would go, if he must, in the morning. He was allowed to spend the night at home. In the morning he was missing. Search was made, and report said that he had been seen crawling into a hollow tree on the hill north of the village, near what is now Woodland Lake. The searchers were soon on the spot, when one, standing at the end of the tree, called to his comrade, "There is a bear in this hollow; fire in." Instantly came a groan, less terrific than the growl of a cub, followed by the exclamation: "Don't shoot me, don't shoot me ! I will come out." And, true to the promise, out came the husband ot the general's sister. A sudden change came over him, for he stood up full of courage and gratitude; grateful for his narrow escape, for he considered that he had been raised from his coffin, and courageous, for he was now assured that there was less danger in confronting the foe than in deserting his friends. He marched off" fearlessly, and returned safely and with honor. Not another instance is on record of a timid Randol- phian during all that long and severe struggle, unless im- portance is to be given to a vague rumor concerning the general himself. For when this intrepid commander, in obedience to orders from General Washington, was lead- ing his forces from New Brunswick to Sandy Hook, to intercept the baggage train of the enemy, and in case of their defeat at Monmouth to cut off their retreat, coming to Spotswood he stopped to repair the bridges which had been destroyed. Here a false report reached him that the enemy was marching on Elizabeth. This report is said to have been brought to him by a Quaker, whose face was as innocent as an angel's. The general on his own responsibility marched to the relief of Elizabeth, and thereby allowed the enemy to escape. Some were base enough to attribute this sudden countermarch to motives unworthy of a brave officer— intimating that the general was apprehensive that if he proceeded further he might come to his end before the war did, an issue contrary to his most ardent desire. Every one who really knew him regarded this insinuation as a foul aspersion — yet it pressed with sirch weight on the sensitive mind of this great man that in the following year he resigned his com- mission in the army. But he continued the active friend of his country; and, having lived to see the success of the patriot arms, the triumph of justice and the freedom of America, he died full of peace and full of hope, the friend of Washington, beloved by him and by all his com- patriots of the Revolution. GEN. WINDS'S GRAVE— OLD-TIME CHRISTMAS SCENES. 301 He left in his will a portion of his estate as follows: " From the great regard I have felt for the interest of Christ's Kingdom, and for the benefit of the Presbyterian church, I do hereby give and bequeath to the Presby- terian church at Rockaway all the remainder of my whole property for a parsonage." He was borne to his grave in the churchyard of Rockaway, and buried with the honors of war. On a brown stone in the rear of the church is the following inscription, written by his friend Dr. Darby, of Parsippany, who acted as his lawyer, phy- sician and minister, wrote his will, attended him in his sickness, prayed at his bedside, and preached his funeral sermon: " Under this monument lies buried the body of Wra. Winds, Esq., who departed this life Oct. 12 1789, in the 62nd year of his age. His natural abilities were con- siderable, which he improved for the good of his fellow men. Whenever the cause of his country and liberty called he ventured his life on the field of battle. As a civil magistrate he acted with integrity; he also sustained the office of captain, major, colonel and general with great honor. He was a provident husband, a kind neigh- bor, a friend to the poor and a good Christian. Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord." Christinas and ttie Horse Race. — On the 19th of Octo- ber 1781, the very day on which Cornwallis surrendered his sword and his army of 7,000 men to General Wash- ington, the first stone house on the road from Dover to Chester was finished and occupied. This building was erected by Isaac Hance, but owned and occupied by Mr. Lawrence, whose son was known in after years through- out the neighborhood by the title of Uncle Jacob. In 1794, when Jacob was just passing out of his teens, he went to spend Christmas with his cousin at Moravian Town, in Warren county. Jacob was of Dutch origin, and his cousin lived in a settlement where that language was still spoken. In that latitude no day in the year was as much thought of by the Dutch as Christmas. Among a portion of that people the idea prevailed that at the hour of midnight of this holy eve, which was supposed to be the hour of Messiah's nativity, every animal in the field and all the cattle in the barnyard bowed down on their knees, and continued in that devout attitude for the space of an hour. Jacob was a little inclined to skepticism in his youth, and hence did not altogether adopt this opinion. Anxious to have his doubts solved, he proposed to sit up that night and take observations. After church — for in Moravian Town at that time all the people went to church on Christmas eve — the young folks stopped at the large barnyard of Jacob's cousin, and waited quietly for midnight. It was necessary for the spectators to be in a concealed place, otherwise the cattle would not kneel, and hence a secluded spot, a little outside of the yard, was chosen. But the night was cool and the time seemed long, and one by one the party stole away, till Jacob and his cousin were alone. Shortly afterward the cousin retired, and Jacob, by himself, re- mained to view the ceremony. As the hour of twelve approached a cloud passed before the moon, and a singu- lar obscurity pervaded the atmosphere. But, alone and at midnight, Jacob began his observations under unusual excitement. He strained his eyes, and far off, under a dark, low shed, he saw, or thought he saw, the cows in a row, with faces toward the east, and knees bent. A strange feeling came over him; his eyes were large, his hair stood up, and deadly paleness was on his cheek; his knees smote together, and he exclaimed that it was so ! His voice startled an ox near by which before had not been seen. The motion of this animal startled Jacob, who left the scene, and without counting the seconds was in the house of his cousin, where he astonished the company by the relation of his vision. They regretted their lack of zeal, and were half inclined to go again to the barn. But the hasty credence of Jacob did not last. He soon began to question whether in the darkness of the moment he could have seen at such a distance. An ex- amination the next morning made it doubtful whether any cattle had been under the shed, and hence it ever after remained a matter of greater uncertainty than be- fore whether the tradition respecting the kneehng of animals at midnight on Christmas eve was to be re- ceived. But he had not completed his examination of the yard before another scene far more exciting attracted his at- tention. A black horse, well formed and full of spirit, was brought out before a crowd of people, and at a short distance a bay mare was held by the halter. It was now evident that preparation was going on for a race. One of the riders was missing, and measures were taken to secure a substitute. Jacob's cousin was invited, but de- clined Several others were urged without success. But at length Jim Hardy offered his services, and, addressing Judge E., the master of ceremonies and the master-spirit of the crowd, said he was ready to take a seat on the mare. He began to move forward. He threw his coat on the fence, kicked off his boots, tossed up his hat in the air, tied a handkerchief about his head and a strap around his waist, and was ready to mount, when the Judge conducted him to the shrine of Bacchus, where, as he had twice before done that morning, he drank in honor of the day and the occasion. Every thing was now made ready. On either side of the road, for nearly half a mile, stretched the long line of spectators.] Each rider was on his horse; the signal was given, and the well-trained animals were off. Under whip and spur their speed increased. Intense is the excitement, yet the crowd is gazing in breathless silence. The bay mare is ahead, but now Swift-sure is gaining. Two-thirds of the ground had been passed over when the horse on which Jim Hardy rode sprang aside, or stumbled; from the suddenness of the act doubts arose among eye wit- nesses, but the rider was thrown with violence, and fell headlong upon a stone. He raised his face for a moment; it was covered with blood. " He is dead !" " He is dead !" shouted several voices, and the words passed the whole length of the lines. The master of ceremonies, ourdistinguished judge, was soon at the spot, shouting, " He is worth a dozen dead 302 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. men; he is not much hurt; he will mount again and try it over." Uncle Jacob stood near the fatal spot where the rider fell. He knew Jim Hardy, and when he saw him in the agony of death, while the judge was endeavoring to con- ceal the fact and persuade some one else to ride, his very soul was stirred with shame and indignation. Jim died before night, and Jacob returned from that Christmas, and that race, with a desire never to see a similar one. To the end of his life, which was a long one, this scene was remembered by Uncle Jacob. And if his opinions respecting the superstition of that day were not corrected, he never to the day of his death had a doubt respecting the bad tendencies of horse racing and the evil effects of intoxicating drinks. Fortune -Hunting. — The old stone house near Dover which was completed on the day of the surrender of Cornwallis was the home of Uncle Jacob till his death. Industrious and contented, he lived in quiet enjoyment until in his declining years a rumor reached him of a great English estate that had been left to his family. According to report the estate was worth millions, and could at once be received if the line of descent could be satisfactorily established. Mary Townley was the fortu- nate heir. Of Dutch extraction, she had lived in England and moved to this country at an early age, and here mar- ried a Mr. Lawrence. A newspaper article containing this information had fallen under the eyes of several members of this numerous family at the same time. Each one for a time kept the information to himself, while he endeavored to ascertain the name of his first American ancestress. Uncle Jacob became greatly excited and began to hunt up the family record. He remembered an old Dutch Bible, that used to be in the family and that contained the names of the first Lawrence family in this country. But what had become of this book was the occasion of much solicitude, for on that book, in his mind, depended the course which this great fortune would take. The more difficult it was to find this Bible the surer did Uncle Jacob feel that it contained the name of his grandmother and that her name was Mary Townley. After persistent search he learned that many years ago the Bible had been sold to an old Dutch woman living on Schooley's Moun- tain. The house of the Dutch lady was visited, but the Bible was gone. Other members of the family had been there before him, bought the book and taken it off. When this fact was ascertained Uncle Jacob was more excited than ever, and became apprehensive that he might lose his portion of the inheritance. In this case of perplexity he resolved to consult his dominie. This he had often done with satisfaction to himself, and in this instance the minister proved to know more about the history of the estate than did Jacob himself. Though the additional information amounted to nothing, yet it greatly increased Jacob's interest and anxiety, in the height of which he said that it would now only be neces- sary to procure some boxes and send them to the British consul, and he would fill them with gold and send them up to the stone house. He had not yet seen the Bible nor learned with certainty whether his grandfather had married Mary Townley, but had no doubt of the fact himself; he only sought the proof to satisfy others. He learned that the Bible was in the possession of a brother who Hved about ten miles off, and wondered why he did not send the book or send word of its contents. He now desired the dominie to go with him to the house of the relative and get the book or at least read the record, for it might be, as the writing was in Dutch, that he could not himself read it when he saw it. The kind minister agreed to comply with his request on condition that no one should know where they were going, nor the object of their journey; for by this time the commun- ity was filled with rumor, and the minister was uneasy lest the people might think his affections were more on this world than on the next. Early one morning the journey was commenced, and several were anxious to know where Uncle Jacob and his dominie were going so early, but their curiosity was not satisfied. The route lay along the western side of Lake Hopatcong. . The day was calm and without a cloud; the roadside decked with laurel, honeysuckle and rhododendron, the placid water of the lake stretching out before the eye like a vast mir- ror of silver, and the sweet songs of the birds, all seemed auspicious, and were interpreted by Jacob as indications of the golden future of his earthly career. As he felt indebted to the dominie in a great measure for the expected fortune, his gratitude rose, and he prom- ised him a handsome portion. The promise not pro- ducing the effect he expected, he feared he had not been sufficiently generous, and confidentially asked how many thousands it would take to put a minister above want and enable him to devote his whole time to doing good. This brought on a short sermon on the danger of riches, and the propriety of now determining how he would use the wealth should it come into his possession. Such a declaration, he was told, would enable him to see how much better man is in intention than in performance; and if it should turn out that he is now richer than he will ever be again, at least in imagination, there will be some satisfaction in having indulged in a, noble purpose; but he was cautioned to remember that the feelings and pur- poses of a poor man are rarely the same when a poor man becomes a rich man. The sermon seemed to be well received by the solitary auditor, who declared that he would rather live and die as he was than to be rich, if he should thereby become as proud and selfish and useless to society as the rich men that he knew; but he knew that it would be otherwise with him, and the tear of joy danced in his eye as he spoke of the needy he would relieve, and the happiness he would promote by the coming fortune. While he was thus cherishing grat- itude for favors expected, the journey was finished. The friends were seen and the Bible inquired for, but, sad to say, it had just been sent away; what was still worse, the record of the grandmother was torn out, and thus was destroyed the strongest hope of proving the claim. Still further search was to be made, and all hope of success REMINISCENCES OF OLD RANDOLPH. 3oi was not abandoned. On the return the dominie made one or two calls on families in his parish. Before doing so he obtained a promise that nothing should be said about the object of the day's journey; but Jacob was too full of the subject literally to keep his promise, for, being left with one family while the dominie made a visit near by, he, having also obtained a promise of secrecy, began to relate the whole story. But while he was in the midst of it the dominie suddenly entered the room, when Jacob, jumping up and walking about, began to sing. Not hav- ing time to select his piece he broke out on the hymn "A charge to keep I have." This was too much for the rest, who could not control their risibleSj and the continued bursts of laughter betrayed the broken promise. The fortune-hunters having resumed the journey, soon the hind wheel of the carriage came off and the end of the axle broke. But a rail of a fence was tied under- neath the carriage so that it could be dragged home. In the meantime the sky was overcast and rain began to fall. While thus traveling the dominie sought to improve the occasion with some moral reflections. " This journey," said he, " is a picture of the sunshine and shade of human life. This morning we started with everything bright and promising, and visions of gold before us. On our return the sky is dark with clouds, the prospect of wealth is gone, our disappointment is revealed to others, and here we are, riding home, on a rail." The auditor seemed to be better pleased with the discourse of the morning than with that of the evening. Yet the latter was simpler and more easily comprehended, and was more valuable in its results. For the hearer came to the conclusion that it was better after all to be satisfied with the slow earnings of one's own industry than to be look ing for a great fortune from some uncertain source. But the experience of one person does not impart wis- dom to others. The public journals afterward announced that Mary Townley did not marry a Lawrence but a person of another name, and another numerous family began the same search, with as great expectations and with worse results. The Hard Winter of 1739-40. — One hundred and fifty years ago this township was a frontier; to which the populous city or well furnished mart was as inaccessible as either now is to the most isolated settlers of any of our new States. In 1713 Joseph Kirkbride bought of the proprietors of East Jersey a large part of what is now the township of Randolph. Shortly afterward WilHam Schooley moved from Schooley's Mountain and bought of Kirkbride several hundred acres, including what is now Mill Brook. Mr. Schooley was a pioneer and en- dured all the hardships which commonly attend the first settlers. He was accustomed to trade with the Indians, and during one severe winter he was known to go more than once a distance of thirty miles through the snow to an Indian settlement to obtain corn, which he brought home in a bag on his shoulders, making his way over the snow by means of snowshoes, which were common at that time. The farm adjoining the Center Grove school-house was purchased in 1739 by Daniel Carrell, and remained in the family until three or four years ago. The winter following the purchase was known as the hard winter. The snow fell to an unusual depth, and intense cold fol- lowed. There were not men enough to open the roads and horses could not travel. The hay that was stacked in the field was covered from the cattle, and even the barns in some instances could not be reached. As a consequence many horses and cows perished. A neigh- bor of Mr. Carrell, snowed in and unsupplied with pro- visions for himself and wife, m;ide a desperate attempt on horseback to make his way through the snow. He set out early in the day, leaving his wife alone, hoping to be able to return before night. Husband and wife never saw each other again. The lonely woman, who could hear nothing of her husband, hoped that he had reached the house of his neighbor, and would ere long return with something to support life. Her bread failed and her fire gave out. When the snow melted in the spring the horse and his rider were found dead on the road not farfrom'ihe house of Mr. Carrell, and when the dwelling was entered, the body of his wife, like his, lay stiff and cold in the icy hand of death. Great changes have occurred since those days; neigh- bors have become more numerous and facilities for com- munication multiplied. The winters have been milder and the snow lighter. Snow drifts are occasionally piled ,- to a considerable height, but the average does not equal that of which our sires have spoken. Mrs. Pierson, who died a few years ago, almost having completed her fifth score of years, used to tell of her riding on the frozen snow, in the days of her girlhood, when it covered the tops of the fences, and made field and road alike a common highway. Of late years the cold has occasionally been intense, and the mercury gone down in the ther- mometer to a fearful depth, but the cold period has been brief, lasting but a few days. Religious Beginnings. — The early settlement and grad- ual increase in the population of this place and vicinity, may be inferred from a few statistics. The first church in Morris county was the Presbyterian church of Whip- pany, erected in 17 18, on the opposite side of the road and not far from the present church in that place. That charge then included Hanover, Madison, Morristown, Parsippany, and the region beyond. This was four years before the first settler made his appearance in Dover. Though the people came from the different parts of the extensive forest, they did not form a very large congregation. But the enjoyment of a sanctuary increased the desire for such privileges. In 1740 the portion of the congregation living at and around Morris- town withdrew from the Whippany church and organ- ized the first Presbyterian church of Morristown. Eight years later the Presbyterians of Madison, or, as it was then called. Bottle Hill, withdrew and formed a church. In 1752 the first Presbyterian church of Rockaway was built and used, though not fully completed till 40 years later. 3^4 mSTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. In 175s the old mother church of Whippany was di- vided, and two churches were erected — one at Hanover and the other at Parsippany; retaining, however, their old pastor, who for some years supplied both pulpits. After this one minister supplied the pulpits of Rockaway and Parsippany. In 1805 the Rev. Barnabas King came to Rockaway, and he continued in the pastorate cf that church more than fifty years. For a long time his parish embraced Dover, Berkshire Valley and Sparta. In 1816 Mr. King drew up a subscription paper in or- der to obtain money to purchase books and tracts for distribution. The original document is before us, and as it shows the faith and works of that period it may grat- ify the curiosity of some to see it. Appended are the names of the subscribers. They were the early settlers of this vicinity, some of whom have passed away^without leaving any descendants, but the most are still repre- sented, in their posterity. The paper is as follows: " October 22d, 1816. " To those who are looking at the signs of the times, this appears an eventful period. While many are_ run- ning to and fro and knowledge is increased, no Christian can doubt that the time is hastening on when all shall know the Lord, from the least of them even to the great- est of them. This is a work which God has undertaken, and which he will carry on. But as he works by means, he calls on us to be diligent in the use of them. He calls on us especially to do much in endeavoring to dif- fuse religious knowledge; and in endeavoring to do some- thing towards training up the rising generation in the fear, nurture, and admonition of the Lord. " Believing that much may be done towards that ob- ject by Sabbath-schools and by the distribution of relig- ious tracts, the subscribers agree to form themselves into a society to be called the Society for Promoting Religious Knowledge in Rockaway and the Neighborhoods Adja- cent. They adopt the following rules as their constitution: "i. Every adult person becomes a member by sub- scribing to pay semi-annually one cent a week; and every child or minor becomes a member by subscribing half a cent a week. " 2. When a sufificient number of subscribers shall have been obtained they shall be notified from the pulpit to meet and choose a president, vice-president, treasurer, and secretary, and as many additional managers as a ma- jority of the subscribers shall think proper, being careful to have at least one manager in each district where a Sabbath-school is maintained. "The moneys subscribed are to be paid to the mana- gers, and expended in procuring tickets, books, etc., for the use and encouragement of Sabbath-schools, and in procuring religious tracts for distribution, always keeping a regular account of receipts and expenditures. " Each district where a Sabbath-school is maintained shall choose a committee of three persons, who shall be authorized to select such persons as may be able and wil- ling to teach gratuitously every Sabbath after the services in the church. " They may also apply to the treasurer for any number of tickets, tracts, or books for distribution, not exceeding in value the amount of money subscribed' and paid to the managers from their own district." To this the following named persons subscribed two cents each: Benj. Lamson, Stephen Conger, Titus Berry, Harriet Canfield, Jacob Van Ness and John Scofield. The following subscribed half a cent each: John Hamilton, Maria Ford, Harriet King, Hilah Hurd, Joseph Ayers, Anna T. Ayers, Ezekiel M. Hurd, Phebe Hoag- land, Polly Hoagland, S. A. Lawrence. The following subscribed one cent each: C. Hamilton, E. Hoagland, Charles Hicks, Betsey Conger, Nancy King, Sarah Cooper, John D. Kimmel, Moses Hurd, Ja- cob Lawrence, J. Suly, preacher, Aaron Doty, Chas. Hoagland, Horace Cooper, Thomas Vail, Mared Hill, John Griffith, Joseph Casterline, Charles Losey, Sarah Pierson, Penina Casterline, Nancy Casterline, Calvin Casterline, Rachel Lyon, Mahitabel Smith, Jacob Palmer, Pierson Howell, Charles Cooper, John Hill, Isaac Gar- rigus, Samuel Garrigus, Thomas Coe, Daniel Lamson, John Kelsey, John Talmage, John Nott, Job. A. Broad- well, Charles Jackson, Silas Kelsey, Eleanor Coonrod, Mary Wilson, Henry Atwood, Comfort Coonrod, Mary Wilson, Henry Atwood, Samuel Palmer, Sylvanus How- ell. A reference to the date of this paper, 1816, reminds us of the revival of interest in the cause of missions, of the organization of the Bible Society, Tract Society, and other kindred organizations. Sabbath-schools at that period were new, and it is pleasing to know that a dispo- sition prevailed in this vicinity to co-operate in this movement, and especially to establish Sabbath-schools. At this time one was opened in Dover, which has never been discontinued, the history of which would be an in- teresting document by itself. That this school was much needed, and that its influence on the manners of the peo- ple was very salutary may be learned from a letter written by a Methodist minister who visited this place in 1799, for the purpose of preaching the gospel, but was not permitted to do so. The letter is dated Chestertown, Md., May 16 1839, and is as follows: "In the conference year of 1799 the Rev. Aaron Owens and myself [Thomas Smith] were stationed on what was then called Flanders circuit. New Jersey, in- cluding Sussex county and a part of several other counties. In traveling around that district of country we passed through the town of Dover. Beautifully situated, the scenery is fine, the surrounding hills rising one above the other; the distant mountains, arrayed in graceful order, exhibited to the world their earthly grandeur, the wis- dom, skill, and power of nature's God. " I said to my colleague, *^What think ye of Dover?' He said he intended to visit that place with the gospel. I said, 'Sir, I will be your second.' The plan being formed, the effort was made, but proved unsuccessful. During our visits to that place I obtained an old house, where I preached one sermon to a few elderly ladies, near the place where the attack was made on the life of Brother Owens. Having given up all hopes of Dover I left it; crossing a high and towering mountain, the top of which overlooked the plains of Dover, I beheld it afar off, and wept. On entering the cleft of a rock — the chamber of prayer — I bowed before the Lord, presented their moral condition before the throne of His love, pray- ing, ' O, Father, Lord of Heaven and earth, send unto them thy Son, they will hear Him.' However, in the lat- ter end of December 1799, a gentleman from that place invited me to his house, and then to preach. I accepted the call, and the appointment was made for January 15th 1800. On that day I arrived at Dover. The weather was extremely cold. I rode up to the house of my friend, who met me at the door, saying he was sorry to see me. My coming to that place had so enraged his neighbors that he believed did I attempt to preach they would pull down his house and mob the congregation. GUY M. HINCHMAN'S REMINISCENCES. 305 While we were talking several came up and let me know there would be no preaching that night. ' So I perceive, gentlemen,' said I. 'And this makes seven times I have visited you in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, as his ambassador, with terms of reconciliation, and seven times you have prevented me save one, and now I am clear of your blood, and you shall see my face no more till we meet at the judgment seat of Christ. Three months ago you mobbed the Rev. Mr. Owens, an aged gentleman, upwards of sixty years of age. You met him on the road, and treated him most shamefully.' I left Dover at dusk and set out for my next appointment, sixteen miles off." We hope for the honor of our ancestors that this pic- ture is a little overdrawn, which is possible, since it was drawn from memory thirty-nine years after the visitations referred to. The Quaker meeting-house was then stand- ing in its glory, and the peaceable Friends were never disturbed in their quiet and oftentimes silent worship. Other devout people resorted to the Rockaway sanctuary without ever complaining of the distance. But, after making all allowance, we must not deny that some of ou forefathers were wicked, and that the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel. Nor must we withhold the meed of praise due to the venerable father who moved oiar progenitors to establish here a Sunday-school, and to en- gage in' the diffusion of religious knowledge, at the same time receiving and retaining a little themselves. The Sportsman's Golden Age. — The following reminis- cences were originally published in a letter addressed to the editor of the Iron Era, by the late Guy Maxwell Hinchman, of Dover : "In 181 1 and 1812 there were immense flights of pigeons from the southwest to northeast, the flocks extending apparently from horizon to horizon, commencing at about 3 o'clock p. M., and continuing till twilight, making their way to the Green Pond Swamp, where they roosted for the nighl. Persons repairing to the swamp, and shoot- ing promiscuously into the tree tops were enabled the next morning to carry away hundreds of birds — only a small portion of those killed and maimed, as the swamp at that time was nearly impenetrable. The noise pro- duced by their flight when fired upon and settling again was deafening. At early dawn they took flight to the southwest, returning again in the afternoon. I recollect that early in April, one foggy morning accompanied by rain and sleet, the pigeons were apparently unable to take their course, and were completely demoralized, seeking rest upon every tree with which they came in contact. An aged gentleman, Mr. Phineas Fitz-Randolph, residing in Succasunna Plains, near where the Chester Railroad crosses the main street, stepped to the rear door of his house, and fired into the hapless crowd that had alighted upon an apple tree, while hundreds of others were en- deavoring to obtain a footing. The result was the bag- ging of fifty birds. Fifteen, twenty or thirty birds at a single shot' was not uncommon. I believe there have been no such flights since those years, in this region. "Partridge, quail and woodcock could be obtained by experts in abundance; at that time very few persons could bring down their birds on the wing. "Deer were plenty then in certain localities; in fact, in all our forests lying between Dover and Sparta many a thrilling scene transpired in the chase. There resided in the vicinity of Succasunna a gentleman somewhat ad- vanced in years, a portion of whose life had been spent on Long Island, who was wont to recount wonderful feats of duck, brant and goose shooting that he had per- formed there; but never having been very successful in the hunts after deer, to which he was frequently a party, his stories were received with many grains of allowance. A party was about to have a chase on the Shrub Oaks, the eastern portion of the plains. The old gentleman, happening there, regretted that he had not his gun or he would accompany them. A gentleman of the party offered to supply him with an American musket, an ex- cellent gun, and proceeded to charge it for him. Deter- mined that if he fired it he should have something worthy of notice to speak of, he put in a rousing charge of pow- der, and 20 rifle balls- of 90 to the pound. All being ar- ranged, the old gentleman offered to take the hounds to cover and start the deer, making his way to the duck pond, lying a little south of the railroad as you pass to the Drakesville station. Hearing the cry of the hounds he took a position in an old road leading to the south part of the pond, somewhat elevated above the water. In an instant the hounds were in full cry; six deer broke cover, coming up the road in which he stood. Entering into the road they came in close contact. At the proper moment he discharged bis piece, and the result was three deer fell mortally wounded, and a fourth deer — severely wounded — made its way to the Rockaway River at a point where the Morris and Essex Railroad crosses, west of Port Oram, and was there captured. That great shot established the gentleman's fame, and his goose- shooting stories received full credit. I know of but one person living, except the writer, who was conversant with the facts mentioned ; he is an octogenarian, residing near Drakesville station, and when I saw him not long since was hale and hearty, with faculties unimpaired. " During my working Mount Pleasant mine many amusing scenes occurred and others that were serious. On a very stormy winter day, too inclement for men to work above ground, I placed all hands to enlarge the sink, and covered the opening of the shaft with bundles of straw, to prevent the wind blowing down. We had not been there long, the hands being on both sides of the basin endeavoring to enlarge the area — the basin at that time having water five or six feet deep. I was standing in the midst of the workmen and nearly under the shaft, when I felt a sensation as of something descending the shaft, and sprang' from under. A neigh- bor's cow, who thought to regale herself with the straw covering the shaft, missing her footing came down, struck the foot wall a few feet above the water, gave one moan, and plunged into the basin, driving the water in every direction, extinguishing our candles and leaving us in total darkness. The men on the farther side of the basin from the ladders made a stampede right through the water, and in two minutes there was not a man left in the mine. Many did not know what had fallen. That ended work for that day, and the cow re- mained in her watery grave until the day following, when we resurrected her, sent her coat to the tanner's, and I had the pleasure of paying the owner $25, at which she was valued. "At another time I was sinking a shaft through earth that was inclined to cave. I had cautioned the men to keep it securely timbered, but in my absence for a day they neglected to secure the earth. It gave way, bring- ing down previous timbering, completely covering a good natured old Irishman that had long been in my employ. Fortunately the timbers, falling across each other, though pinning him tight against one side of the shaft, formed openings which admitted air, and enabled him to breathe. On returning home at night I found that, after remaining for some hours in that situation, the miners had just rescued him. He was somewhat bruised, but no bones 3o6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. were broken. Accosting him, I said, ' Jimmy ' (his name was James Brady) 'what did you think about while shut up in the shaft ?' ' Och ! I thought you were a good man, and if you were at home you would surely get me out, but I feared for the men.' ' Jimmy, did you pray ?' ' Och ! it was just me that did pray.' ' What was your prayer?' 'Och! it was the Psalms of David. Och! was'nt it a happy deliverance ! Give me a quarter till I away to the tavern for a quart of applejack, to trate the men.' " One morning we were suddenly awakened by a start- ling sound which seemed to come from the kitchen. I hastened thither and found Jimmy, looking the picture of mortification, and exclaiming, ' To think of me doing such a thing! me who has used powther all me life! If it had been some simple body I shouldn't ha' wondered, but for me to do such a thing! it was a quare trick.' The men had a large powder flask, which they used in filling their straws for blasting. Jimmy, in haste to light his fire, had used the contents of the fla.sk. The door fortunately stood open; the flask was hurled through it, and also through a high board fence which stood at some distance. "The same old man remained working at the mine after I disposed of it. On his right hand he had two crooked fingers, stiffened by some hurt, and in landing a barrel of water, the horse at the whim failing to turn when he should, Jimmy's stiff fingers being fast over the chime of the barrel, he was carried up to the pulley, about eight feet above the landing. The horse turned sud- denly, and the barrel, dropping quickly, relieved his fin- gers. While suspended above the shaft he dropped into the mine, 60 feet, and falling in water was not killed. " Not long after the poor old fellow was found frozen to death — which proves that a man born to be frozen will not be killed by falling down a mine shaft." The following incidents were related by Mr. Hinchman, author of the above, in his autobiography, prepared for his children: "I might relate many interesting hunting scenes; I will mention only a few. My wife and myself while living at Mount Pleasant were spending the day at Succasunna, and about 4 o'clock, when starting for home, a few per- sons informed me that they were just starting for a chase on the Shrub Oaks, which lay directly on my route home- ward, and proposed to furnish me with a double barreled gun, and, as the runways were right on my way, that I should permit Mrs. Hinchman to drive home, and I re- main for the hunt. Accordingly as we reached the hunt- ing ground we came to a stand for assigning each to his position. Mine lay about a quarter of a mile distant from where the hounds were started, and immediately on the road. I had dismounted from the gig, and was ar- ranging for Mrs. Hinchman to proceed, when I heard the hounds in full cry and coming directly to the point where I was placed. I had barely time to urge Mrs. Hinchman to drive on when I saw three deer making tremendous leaps over the low shrubs and coming between where I i-tood and the position of Mrs. Hinchman. They were upon me at once. Under the circumstances I was con- siderably flurried. Mrs. Hinchman had just started and was distant not more than 200 feet; the road was narrow and straight. I had just time to step to the extreme edge of the road, which brought my aim a little out of line with the carriage, when the first deer bounded into the road, which he would span in two leaps. The mo- ment he struck the road I fired the first shot, and, it ap- pearing not to have taken effect, I instantly fired the second, with apparently the same result. The hounds were close upon the deer, and having passed the road for a hundred yards or more ceased their cry. Going to them I found the deer dead. Had I known how accu- rate my first shot had been, and also the second— both being mortal— I might have had two deer. In the mean- time Mrs. Hinchman had stopped, which gave me an op- portunity of riding instead of footing it home. Others of the party took the game and the gun loaned to me, and we all proceeded to our homes, satisfied with the hour's sport. "At another time while I resided at Mount Pleasant Dr. Ira Crittenden, in visiting his patients, learned that deer frequented a field of wheat on the Burwell farm- near where the Port Oram furnace now stands — and proposed that I should accompany him and watch for the deer. It was late in November and thewheathad grown to be good feed for them. The moon was within a few days of the full; and the night very light. After taking our places, each at the extremity of the field, in about half an hour I heard several deer approaching. They came to the fence enclosing the lot, and stopped. In a few moments I heard demonstrations, as stamping violently, and with two or three shrill snorts away they went. We held a consultation, and concluded to remain a while longer. I suppose an hour or more had elapsed when we heard them returning at the same place, distant about forty yards from where I was placed behind a lit- tle clump of shrubs. As before, they stopped at the fence, manifesting the same dissatisfaction, evidently aware of something they did not like. After remaining a much longer time than at their first appearance, an old buck with splendid antlers made a tremendous leap over the fence into the field. Remaining in his tracks when he alighted, he made a noble appearance ; the moon shining on his white horns, he loomed to a great size. Those outside the lot were now quiet. I immediately raised my rifle and attempted to get an aim, but_ could not tell on looking over the barrel whether my aim was correct. My position was down on one knee; I placed my rifle on my knee, and brought it to bear on the deer, which I could see distinctly, and by passing it off and again upon him was enabled to get what I supposed was a pretty correct aim, and fired. With the same majestic leap with which he came into the field he left, and with a stampede they all went — there were at least four or five. Under the circumstances I had no faith that my shot had taken effect, but as they passed diagonally along the field and near the doctor he fancied he heard the deer fall and rise again. Of course, as the cover was so close, we made no examination that night. The next morning I went in pursuit, and by aid of spots of blood proceeded about 200 yards, where I found the buck dead. My shot could not have been more to the purpose if I had had daylight for my aim." An Incident of the Last Training. — The last militia training in Dover under the old militia system occurred about the time that Captain Pruden and Supercargo Wood made their trip on "The Dover, of Dover," to Newark and back at the opening of the canal. They were both in Dover on training day, and remember the following incident: Some of the soldiers were sitting on the porch of the Stone Hotel or Stickle House, and one of them named William McKinnon said he could hit a tree with his ramrod. He fired the iron ramrod from his gun at a tree, three or four hundred feet distant, and the rod went through the center of the tree and remains there to this day — fifty years after the shooting. It is easily seen, as each end of the rod projects from the tree. The tree was small at the time, but during these SCHOOLS IN RANDOLPH— THE QUAKER MEETING-HOUSE. 307 fifty years has grown to a large size. It stands on the opposite side of the street from the hotel and about 400 feet to the northwest. Schools. The early settlers in New Jersey were all true friends of education. The Quakers of West Jersey established in 1683 the first school fund in America. The Dutch were enjoined by the West India Company, who sent them over, to support a minister and a school-master. The Scotch Presbyterians when they first came to New Jersey brought preachers and schoolmasters with them. The New Jersey Legislature of 1693 passed the first school law authorizing each district to choose trustees and a teacher, and to tax the people to pay his salary. Provision was first made for free schools in 181 7, and three years later townships were authorized to- raise money to educate such poor children as were paupers. In 1824 one-tenth of all the State taxes went to the school fund. In 1828 townships could vote moneys to build school-houses. In 1867 county superintendents were appointed. In 1871 all public schools were made free. From the commencement a steady progress in favor of education has been made in New Jersey. There are now ten public school districts in the town- ship of Randolph, the largest of which is the Dover dis- trict. This district has a graded school, in which are employed seven teachers, and each teacher has a depart- ment containing as many scholars as are to be found in either of the other districts. Both before and after the public schools were in oper- ation private schools were maintained. The first was probably the one held in the old homestead of Richard Brotherton. Another was held in a little room built for the purpose, opposite to the Quaker meeting-house, and another a mile southwest of Richard Brotherton's, on the road to Calais. For a long while the oldest inhabitants were accustomed to speak of the Franklin school-house, situated a mile and a half east of Dover, as the place where their education began. This school-room was without ornaments and the seats were rough benches; the instructor, now called teacher, was then called master, and the rod — his badge of authority — was vigorously used. After the death of the Hon. Mahlon Dickerson, of Ferromonte, a school of a high order was opened in his former residence by the Rev. Robert Crossett. This school, which lasted only three years, was of benefit to the township, and of special advantage to the more ad- vanced scholars of Dover. Churches of the Township. " The Quaker meeting-house " for more than three quarters of a century was the only church in the town- ship. The first settlers of Randolph were Quakers. Among them was one John Reading, who, though he be- came a Presbyterian, was much esteemed by the Society of Friends. This man was a public surveyor, and sur- veyed the first piece of land in the township of Randolph. He often made purchases where he surveyed, and fre- quently aided his friends in making favorable purchases, because he was the first to know the value of new loca- tions. It was through his influence that the first settlers came to this township. It would seem from the society in which they are found that the Kirkbrides and the Schooleys belonged to the Society of Friends. We know that the Randolphs, the Dells, the Brothertons and others of the first settlers were Quakers. These facts explain why the first house of worship in the township was a " Quaker meeting-house." It was built in 1748 or earlier, and stood on the farm now occupied by Charles Lamp- son, from which it was moved a few years after to its present site, a quarter of a mile to the west. Lately re- covered and otherwise improved it still preserves its original quaint appearance. Built when timber was abundant, and to be had for the cutting, its substantial frame has lasted for a century and a third, and from pres- ent appearances may last another century or two. Though very limited in its seating capacity, yet at the time of its erection it was capable of accommodating all of the in- habitants of the township. Few and scattered as the first settlers were, one can easily conjecture with what social satisfaction and sacred delight they came together in their new meeting-house. Strong in their peculiar prin- ciples, for which in the old country they suffered perse- cution and even separation from their native land, they now, in the depths of the wilderness, in the New World, enjoyed their dreams of liberty, and devoutly gave thanks that they could in their own way worship God, with none to molest or make afraid. Sometimes the hour of reli- gious meeting was spent in silence; and sometimes one of the worshipers arose and gave utterance to the thoughts that were burning in the heart. Without a pastor, with- out an ordained preacher or teacher, the Friends met in their plain meeting-house, and at times as the Spirit moved them. — it might be in the men's apartment or it might be in the women's apartment, for all were on equality — one or another would rise and speak without ostentation or attempt at oratory; and then were heard addresses which drew all hearts in closer bonds of love, and awakened resolutions to live purer and better lives. Addresses were made as eloquent and as edifying as have since been made in the modern and more pretentious sanctuaries of the township. But the old Quaker meeting-house is silent, and these stirring speeches are mentioned as among the things that were. The good influence of the Friends in Randolph, however, is not extinct. It lives and has found its way to other places of worship in the township; and it has helped to give a healthy tone to the morals of the new comers who have made their home m the neighbor- hood. Mi. Freedom Presbyterian Church was organized July 9th 1820, by the Rev. Samuel H. Cox, of Mendham, and Rev. Jacob Green, of Succasunna, who were appointed a committee for this purpose by the Presbytery of Jersey. The following persons, having obtained letters of dis- mission from the churches to which they formerly be- longed, composed the new society: John Corwin, Eliz- 41 3o8 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. abeth Bryant, Phebe Clark, Nancy Lewis, Nancy Wheeler, Sarah Wilkinson, Anna Bonnel, Martha Hulbert, Eliza- beth Connet, Elizabeth Roberts, Rach-el Bryant, Lydia Roberts, Jane Roberts, Jacob Drake, Anna Drake and Elijah D. Wells. Jacob Drake, Elijah D. Wells and John Corwin were chosen and duly ordained and installed into the office of ruling elders of this church. The Rev. Jacob Bryant, who had been instrumental in gathering a congregation and preparing the way for the church organization, received a call to become the pastor of this congregation, and on November 17th 1824 he was installed by the Presbytery of Eb'zabeth. Mr. Bryant was a native of Mt. Freedom, and was regarded by the people as the founder of this church, which under his ministry increased in numbers and in influence. He re- signed his pastoral charge in 1829, but continued to sup- ply the pulpit till his death, in 1846. His successor was the Rev. James McMurray, a graduate of the Princeton Theological Seminary, who was ordained and installed pastor January 6th 1847, and continued in the pastorate till 1856. The Rev. Abram Williamson succeeded Mr. McMurray in 1856, and remamed in charge of the church till March 1867. The next month a call was extended to the Rev. Elias R. Fairchild^ D. D., who though never formally installed served the church till 1871; during his ministry there the church edifice was enlarged and im- proved, and many were added to the church. In July 187 I the Rev. Robert S. Feagles was installed pastor by the Presbytery of Morris and Orange, and he resigned his pastorate in December 1878. In January 1879 the Rev. William W. Halloway took charge, and he is still the pastor. The present elders are Daniel Bryant, Pierson Allen, James Cramer, Nelson Hughson, Samuel Youngs, Frank Merchant and Charles De Hart. Daniel P. Merchant, recently deceased, was for a long time an elder and a leading man in the congregation and in the community. The church now consists of 130 members. The con- gregation owns a house of worship, graveyard, parson- age, and five acres of land, which are all free from en- cumbrance. 77/1? Methodist Episcopal Church of Walnut Gi-ove is the successor of an old Baptist church, the history of which has not been preserved, but which with its grave- yard dates back to an early period in the settlement of the township. The Baptist church was for a time used as a union meeting-house; but the Baptist society has become extinct, and the old house of worship has disap- peared. The Methodists have erected on the old site or near it a new and commodious edifice, worth about ^5,000, and are in a prosperous condition. Rev. John Stilman was their first pastor. The church has a mem- bership of no. The pulpit is supplied by C. L. Bang- hart. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Mill Brook, situ- ated half a mile north from the mill seat, is nearly as old as the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Dover, and was united with it, so that its successive pastors may be learned from the list of preachers who supplied that church. Occasionally for a short time it has had a pastor by itself. This year it is united with the Walnut Grove charge, and Mr. Banghart supplies the pulpit of both churches. It has a flourishing Sunday-school and takes a leading part in sustaining the moral enterprises of the township. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. — This church is located about one mile west of Dover, on the road to Port Oram. It was built about the year 1847, through the instrumentality of the Rev. Father Senez, now of Jersey City. He was then stationed at Madison, and seeing the numbers that came to him every Sunday from Dover he determined to extend his labors to that vicinity. Every third or fourth Sunday he administered mass in a private house here; and, perceiving the congregation to be quite large, he felt the importance of securing for them a house of worship. This was no easy matter to accom- plish, as most of the men were unmarried and dependent on the mines for their livelihood; and as mining was un- steady at the time these men might be here to-day and away to-morrow, so their church matters were of second- ary consideration. The married men were few and poor. Notwithstanding all the apparent difficulties, with the characteristic zeal of a Frenchman, Father Senez under- took the work at once by levying a monthly tax of 25 cents on every man in the parish. After the first month's receipts were added up he concluded the tax levied was too small, and increased it to one dollar per month. In about a year the amount collected was thought to be suffi- cient to build the church. Accordingly a suitable lot was- looked for, when Mrs. William Phillips generously gave the ground on which the old church now stands. The men of the parish turned out and worked by spells at the foundation till it was completed. The building was soon put up, though not entirely finished when it was first used. At this time, to the regret of all, Father Senez was removed from Madison and from this parish. The Rev. Father McQuaid, now bishop of Rochester, N. Y., succeeded him at Madison, and performed the pastoral duties of St. Mary's parish for about eighteen months. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Ward, who was the first priest who lived within the parish. Father Ward was in poor health and not much in sympathy with his surroundings; and remained less than a year. He was succeeded by Rev. John Callan, who finished the church, adding a gallery for the choir, and a basement, in which was held a parochial school. He continued in this pastorate eighteen years, discharging his duties in such a manner that he still has a warm place in the hearts of many of his old parishioners. His successor was the Rev. B, Quinn, an energetic worker. He established churches at Rockaway and Mount Hope, and made im- provements in the parish. He also built a fine parochial residence. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Fitzsim- mons, who remained nine months; and he by Father Byrne, who only labored here three months, when the Rev. Pierce McCarthy entered upon the pastoral charge. As the church was not large enough to accommodate the congregation Father McCarthy undertook the work CHURCHES OF PORT ORAM AND MINE HILL. 3°9 of erecting a new church. By fairs, picnics and con- tributions he collected a sum large enough to commence building. The plan of the new church was drawn by Jeremiah O'Rourke, of Newark. Work was commenced in November 187 1. The corner stone was laid in June 1872, and the church was dedicated November ist 1873. The building is made of stone found in the vicinity. It is 127 feet in length, 42 feet in breadth, 32 feet from floor to ceiling, 18 feet from water table to wall plate, and the steeple when finished will be 112 feet in height; cost of the whole about 150,000. Father McCarthy also procured grounds for a new cemetery, which was ded- icated in 1875. In 1876 Father'McCarthy was called to the church of St. Pius in East Newark. His name will long be cherished in the memories of the members of St. Mary's Church. The Rev. James Hanly succeeded Father McCarthy, and he is the present pastor. In the year 1880 he col- lected over $8,000, and paid off the floating debt. He also collected $3,500 which was paid on the standing debt. He is esteemed and praised for his consistent piety and for his judicious management of the financial interests of the parish. Religious Interests of Port Oram. — The first place in which public worship was held was the room connected with the weigh scales of the Thomas Iron Works. The Rev. John R. Jenkins, a member of the Presbytery of Morris and Orange, and a boss miner called " the Welsh preacher," conducted the services, which were half the time, at least, in the Welsh language — the Welsh families of Mine Hill and the Richards mine meeting at this cen- tral spot. In 1859 this- Welsh organization became con- nected with the Presbyterian church of Dover; but in 1870 the members withdrew and organized the Welsh Presbyterian Church of Richards Mine at Mount Pleasant, and built, by the aid of the Thomas Iron Company, a pleasant house of worship, where the religious services are still, a portion of the Sabbath, in Welsh. A Sunday-school, with Alvan Trowbridge for super- intendent, was held in the school-house at Port Oram from the time of its erection in 1867 till the Methodist Episcopal church was dedicated. October 2nd 1868 the corner srone of the church was laid with appropriate ser- vices. In the corner stone was put a paper containing an account of Port Oram and surroundings, as follows: " The church is to be 34 by 50, with a basement 9 feet; to cost f6oo. A blast furnace now in course of erection of the following dimensions: 52 feet square, 15 feet below the surface, 78 feet from bottom to the top (48 feet of stone, 18 feet of brick); cost $300,000. The following railways connect with Port Oram: ist, Morris and Essex; 2nd, Mt. Hope; 3d, Baker Mine; 4th, Ches- ter; with others in contemplation. There are three churches in Dover; the Rev. B. C. Megie has been twenty- nine years pastor of the Presbyterian; Rev. Mr. Seran is pastor of First M. E. church, Rev. James A. Upjohn of the Protestant Episcopal, and Rev. Father Quinn of the Roman Catholic church, situated between Dover and Port Oram. Andrew Johnson is President of the United States; Lucius M. Ward is governor of New Jersey; Morris county contains 35,000 population. Candidates for next governor John I. Blair and Theodore F. Ran- dolph." The following ministers have been pastors of this church: Revs. Isaac Thomas, 1870, 1871; J. P. Daily, 1872, 1873; David Walters, 1874; Thomas Rawlings, 1875-77; G. T. Jackson, 1878-80. Joseph P. Macauley, 1881. The church is usually well filled, and the prayer meet- ings are well attended, the members freely taking part in offering prayer and remarks. The singing is spirited and good. Mine Hill Presbyterian Church. — A Sunday-school was organized under the superintendence of David Jenkins, who acted also as librarian and sexton. The Misses Ford (Enieline, Ellen and Mary) rendered efficient aid as teachers in the Sunday-school. The membership in- creased and the school became a bond of union to the families through the children, and created a desire for religious services. Speakers from a distance often ad- dressed the school; and the pastor of the Presbyterian church of Dover often preached in the school-house. Prayer meetings were held on Sunday evenings, conducted by David Jenkins and Pearce Rodgers, the former an el- der and the latter a deacon of the Presbyterian church of Dover. This state of things continued for several years. A church was formally organized May 27th 1874 by a committee of the Presbytery of Morris and Orange. It consisted of the following twenty-five persons, dismiss- ed for this purpose from the Presbyterian church of Do- ver: David Jenkins and wife, Pearce Rodgers, Mrs. Mary Powell, Isaac Bohenna, Elisha Paul, John M. Kel- liway, Mary May, Paul Martin, William H. Bray, Joseph A. Thomas, Elizabeth Ennor, W. G. Thomas, Mary Lib- by, Jane Tonkin, Dinah Tonkin, E. Thomas, S. Fredin- nick, W. Williams, John Warne, Mary Warne, Henry Rogers, John Dyer, Charlotte Williams and Peter Lobb. David Jenkins, Wm. H. Bray and Joseph A. Thomas were elected and duly set apart to the office of ruling el- ders in this church, and were installed. Pearce Rodgers, a resident of Mine Hill, and a licentiate of the Presbytery of Morris and Orange, acted as their minister. A church edifice was erected and so far completed as to enable the congregation to use the basement, and on September 22nd 1874 Pearce Rodgers was ordained and installed pastor of this church. He still continues to be its pas- tor. The church edifice was completed at an expense of more than $6,000, and will seat about 400 persons. It was dedicated, free of debt, in the summer of 1878. Villages. Port Oram is about two miles from Dover, on the canal and the Morris and Essex Railroad. The place was se- lected as an appropriate location for a store and a new settlement, because it had been the central point on the canal for the shipment of iron ore. In i860 a store house was built; also a small freight depot of the Morris and Essex Railroad; and the place was called Port Oram, 3IO HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. after Robert F. Oram, the person chiefly concerned in its selection and development. The store was opened under the name of John Hill & Co. Mr. Hill retired from the company the next year, and the firm has since been Oram, Hance & Co., consisting of Robert F. Oram, John Hance and Wm. G. Lalhrop. Up to 1864 only four buildings had been erected. After the commencement of the civil war, on the day of the battle of Bull Run, June 21st 1861, a large patri- otic meeting was held in front of the store, and an ele- gant flag with the stars and stripes unfurled. The Hon. John Hill, member of Congress, presided; prayer was offered by Rev. B. C. Megie, of Dover; speeches were made by Hon. John Hill, Wm. Wood, afterward paymas- ter in the army, and Mr. McNeely, of Succasunna. A bul- let which lodged in the arm of Daniel Card during the Revolutionary war, and was preserved as a relic by the pa- triotic soldier, was exhibited by his son, Ephraim Gard, and seemed to rekindle the flame of patriotism in the whole crowd. The meeting was a memorable one, and evinced a strong feeling of sympathy with the adminis- tration without regard to political parties; and from that time Port Oram was a place well known throughout the whole region. Five persons who belonged to Port Oram and who were present at this meeting enlisted for the war. Two were the sons of Ephraim Gard and grand- sons of the Revolutionary patriot Daniel Gard; two were the sons of John Hance, viz. George and William, the former entering the army and the latter the navy; and the fifth was Albert Wiggins, then a clerk m the store of S. Breese, in Dover. They all returned to Port Oram after the war except Albert Wiggins, who was drowned with thirty-one others from Morris county while crossing the Cumberland River in Kentucky. Mr. Wig- gins was a young man of splendid physique and great promise. Port Oram did not grow much until after the war; but from the beginning a large business was done at the com- pany's store. From 1864 to 1868 over forty buildings were erected, and the population increased from four to sixty-four fam- ilies, making nearly four hundred persons. The increase continued until the paralysis of the iron industry, 1872- 80. Since then business has revived, and the popula- tion may be over 600. Almost all .the inhabitants are English miners, and employed by the Boonton Iron Company. A school-house was built at an early date (1867) and the first teacher was Henry Allen, who was succeeded by the able and popular Erastus E. Potter, who is still the principal, and who has elevated the literary character of the place. Ferromonte is a settlement of a few hundred inhabi- tants about a mile south of Mine Hill. It might be con- sidered as a part of it, for the two places overlap each other and it would be difficult to draw the line where one begins and the other ends. But Ferromonte is the older of the two places, and might claim Mine Hill as included in itself. This is the seat of the famous iron deposit known as the Succasunna mine, once considered the oldest and best iron mine in the State. Ferromonte was the residence of the Hon. Mahlon Dickerson, and here is the elegant residence of the late Frederick Canfield, the nephew of Mahlon Dickerson. This dweUing is occupied by Mrs. Frederick Canfield and her children. It contains one of the finest private cabinets of minerals in the country. The collection is extensive and the specimens are unsurpassed. It con- tains also a choice collection of birds, including all the birds of this latitude and the rarest and fairest of the tropical regions. After the death of General Dickerson his house was occupied by the Rev. Robert Crosset, who here held a classical school. It is now occupied by Col- onel Stanburrough, who uses it as a place of summer re- sort. The gardens and grounds were once famous for their rare specimens of plants and trees, for Mr. Dicker- son was a man of fine taste and a lover of nature. Mill Brook is an old settlement, and now contains about fifty dwellings and a population of 300. Its his- tory has been given in part in the preceding pages, which contain an account of the early settlers. It is said that the residence of S. J. Searing marks the site of the first house in the township. On the stream from which the place take its name, which is a tributary to the Rock- away, entering the river at Deijville, was erected the first mill in the township. This stream furnishes motive power for a saw-mill, a grist-mill and a cider-mill. Among the earlier and worthy settlers of Mill Brook should be mentioned the names of William Schooley, Henry Brotherton, William Mott, David Tuttle, George Swain, Ulysses Kinney, Jacob Searing, Samuel Moore, and Messrs. Blanchard, Coe, Briant, Pierson, IMunson, Lampson, Menard and Pruden, most of whom have de- scendants still remaining here. Mount Freedom and Walnut Grove may be grouped together and regarded as one settlement. The Presby- terian church is the proper center of Mount Freedom, and the tavern half a mile east of the Presbyterian church the center of Walnut Grove. These two places embrace about fifty dwellings and a population of 300. At Mount Freedom there are a church, a post-office, a store and twenty-five dwelling houses. At Walnut Grove there are a tavern, a school-house, a church, a blacksmith shop and twenty-five dwellings. Mine Hill is a settlement about two miles west of Dover, on the road to Succasunna, having four or five hundred inhabitants. If its surroundings be included the population may be estimated at eight hundred. The' mines are the attraction which draw laborers here and furnish employment for them. Besides the iron mines there are a church, a school-house, a store and post-office. David Jenkins is the agent of the Thomas Iron Company, and popular and generally useful in the neighbor- hood. Victims of the Civil War. The names of the soldiers from Randolph township who served in the army during the late civil war will be RANDOLPH'S SACRIFICE FOR THE UNIOK. 31I found in the general history of the county. The follow- ing are notices of those who died in the service: Captain John T. Alexander, of Scotch parentage, early entered the United States army, and served five years as sergeant in Indian campaigns in Oregon and Nevada. When the civil war broke out he was residing at Walnut Grove, and entered the service as captain of Company B 27th New Jersey volunteers. He was at the battle of Fredericksburg in January 1863; at the front, support- ing Pettit's battery, on the nth of February at Newport News. May 6th 1863, in crossing the Cumberland in a flat boat which was capsized, Captain Alexander and thirty-one others were drowned. Sergeant William H. Bailey was a native of Newfound- land, Morris county, N. J., and enlisted at Newton, Au- gust 7th 1861, in the 2nd New York volunteer cavalry. He saw active service in twenty battles, from Ball's Bluff to the engagement at Aldie, in all of which he made him- self conspicuous for gallantry. In the fight at Aldie, in 1863, when Kilpatrick engaged and defeated Stewart, Sergeant Bailey was shot in the leg, which was amputated in the hospital at Alexandria, Va. He seemed to be im- proving, when one night an artery broke, and the next morning he was found dead in his bed. Captain Edward Payson Berry was born in Dover, in 1839. At the breaking out of the war he was teaching school at Branchville, and studying for the ministry. He was a member of the Presbyterian church of Dover. August i8th 1861 he and his friend Captain Charles F. Gage bought uniforms and started for Harper's Ferry, Va., where they joined as privates'' Bramhall's 6th New York mounted battery. They served in this battery two months without pay, and without being mustered in. They were then transferred to the 5th New Jersey volunteers and mustered into the service. From this time young Berry served in every engagement his regi- ment was in — and it saw a great deal of service — until the time of -his death, July loth 1863. His first pro- motion was to the post of hospital steward. At the battle of Fair Oaks he was second lieutenant, and so con- ducted himself that he was promoted to be first lieuten- ant. Soon after he was made quartermaster, then adju- tant, then captain. At the second battle of Bull Run he was taken prisoner and marched to Richmond; during the long march he received no food except some corn that fell from the feed baskets of the horses of the guard. After two weeks' confinement in Libby prison he was ex- changed, and at once returned to his command. In the terrible carnage at Gettysburg, July 2nd 1863, he was acting major of his regiment in Sickles's advance, when Longstreet massed his forces upon him. He was wounded in the leg, and left on the field when the line fell back. Here he lay three days and nights without food or drink, except a bunch of cherries which had been shot off from a tree and fallen near him. On the Sth of July he was taken to the hospital at Gettysburg, where his leg was amputated, from the effects of which he died on the loth of that month. Erastus Brant was living in this township in 1862; and in that year he joined Company B 27th N. J. volunteers. He was under fire at Fredericksburg and was with the regiment in its campaigns, doing his duty faithfully in every position to which he was assigned. He was one of those drowned on the 6th of May in the Cumberland River. Burtis M. Broadwell, of Dover, enlisted early in the war in Company D 5th New Jersey volunteers. He was a faithful soldier, who saw a great deal of service, and died in hospital October 5th 1864. Sergeant Charles H. Carrell was born in Center Grove, and continued to reside there till the outbreak of the Re- bellion. He enlisted in May 1861 in Company B 2nd N. J. volunteers, and was soon promoted to the rank of sergeant. He served with marked fidelity and zeal through the campaigns of 1861, including the first battle of Bull Run. In the summer of 1862 he was taken sick and removed to the hospital at Point Lookout, Md., where he died on the 30th of July in that year. Corporal William Harrison Case was born in this vi- cinity, and entered the service in August 1862 as cor- poral of Company I 15th N. J. At the battle of Freder- icksburg, the first in which the regiment was engaged, he received a wound. On the 12th of May 1864, at Spottsylva- nia, his regiment was ordered to charge the enemy's works. They mounted the crest, and standing on the top of the parapet fired on the rebels. A rebel officer drew his re- volver and shot Corporal Case through his arm, the ball passing into his body. He fell down at the foot of the enemy's works, and for nearly twenty-four hours lay there, being once struck once by a spent ball; finally in the darkness he managed to crawl off, and, the ambulances being busily engaged, he walked to Freder- icksburg, a distance of twelve or more miles. From here he was taken to Washington, and placed in Carver Hos- pital, where he died, June 3d 1864. Thomas Dean went out in the famous 69th (IrishJ regi- ment of New York, and was shot off a pontoon bridge at the first battle of Fredericksburg. Job W. De Hart was born at Center Grove, July 31st 1839. In the early part of the war he enlisted as a private in Company B i6oth N. Y. volunteers, and served in the army under Generals Weitzel and Banks until his death, which occurred January 2nd 1864, in the U. S. hospital at New Orleans. Abraham Earles went out in October 1864 in Company K 39th N. J. volunteers. He died of disease in the ser- vice. Alonzo Freeman, of Dover, enlisted at the outbreak of the war, when 18 years of age, in Company H 6ist N. Y. volunteers. At the battle of Antietam, September 17th 1862, he was wounded in the thigh, and he lay upon the field nearly a week before he was discovered. He was removed to the hospital at Frederick City, Md., where he died the latter part of October. Noah Haggerty, of Dover, enlisted May i8th 1861 m the ist N. J. Attached to the provost guard, he served at the headquarters of Kearney, Montgomery, Torbert and other generals, saw a great deal of service, and was a 312 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUnTY. brave soldier. He died in May 1867 of consumption, contracted from cold and exposure in the army. Charles Albert Hugbson was a native of this township, and resided at Walnut Grove. Early in the contest he enlisted in a New Jersey regiment, and performed with distinguished zeal and ability the duties assigned him. At the terrible battle of the Wilderness he was severely wounded while doing his duty, and was removed to Fair- mount Hospital, Baltimore, where he died June 16th 1864, aged 25 years. , Jacob Kinney, of this township, belonged to the 6th New York light artillery, and is supposed to have been killed in the Seven Days fight in 1862. Dorastus B. Logan, a native of Randolph, was appointed captain of Company K nth regiment of New Jersey vol- unteers, in July 1862. He was at the second battle of Bull Run, at Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsville; was wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 2nd 1863, and died on the field. James H. Losey, of Dover, went out with Captain Price in September 1862 in Company B 27th N. J. volun- teers. He followed the fortunes of the regiment through all its service, doing his duty well, and when the 27th was mustered out, after ten months' service, he re-enlisted in Company B 33d N. J. His regiment was with Sher- man on his famous " march to the sea," and in the sum- mer of 1864 the brave fellow was wounded in the leg at the battle of Peach Tree Creek, before Atlanta. He was removed to the hospital at Kingston, Georgia, where he died from the effects of the amputation of his limb. Andrew J. Love, of Dover, enlisted in Company A ist N. J. cavalry, and was discharged because of sickness. He died March 4th 1862. George Love, brother of the foregoing, of Company E 9th N. J. volunteers, was discharged because of sickness, and died February 24th 1862. Sergeant James McDavitt was a native of Randolph, and a resident of Dover. August i8th 1862 he entered the service as sergeant of Company E iith regiment of New Jersey volunteers. He was at the second Bull Run battle, at Fredericksburg and at Chancellorsville, where this company lost g killed and 27 wounded. Sergeant McDavitt's comrades Horton, Cook, Mann and O'Brien fell about him; then Captain Halsey was wounded, and McDavitt ran to his assistance, and while binding up his wound was struck in the head by a ball and died in a few moments. Jacob Miller, a German by birth, joined Company E nth N. J. volunteers, and with unflagging zeal followed it in its long marches and severe engagements, till the awful contest at Gettysburg on the 2nd of July 1863, where he gave his life for the country that adopted him. Charles Mulligan, of Irish parentage, a resident of thir township, went to the front with the 15th N. J. regiment in 1862, proved himself a gallant soldier, and was killed at the battle of Winchester. His body is supposed to have been buried on the field. Daniel Palmer was a resident of Dover. In August 1862 he enlisted in Company E nth N. J., and was in all the campaigns of this regiment. He received a bullet in his shoulder at Chancellorsville, and was removed to the 3d corps hospital at Acquia Creek, Va. He was taken to Chestnut Hill, Washington, D. C, where he died from his wounds, June 23d 1863. Thomas Plumstead was a resident of Dover. He entered the service in October 1864, in Company K 39th N. J., and was with his regiment when it garrisoned Fort Davis, and with the command on April 2nd 1865, when it charged the enemy's works. In this charge he was struck by a bullet and instantly killed. His companions in arms bear witness that he was. distinguished for bravery and uniform good behavior, and he died beloved and regretted by all. John Powers was born at Mill Brook, where he con- tinued to reside until the breaking out of the war. In 1 861 he enlisted as an artificer in Company K ist N. Y. engineers. He was with this company in all its various campaigns, until October 1862, when he was taken sick with a disease of the throat resembling diphtheria, from which he died on the gth of that month. Captain Benjamin Price, a native of New York, was teaching school at Mill Brook when the war broke out. Having some knowledge of military tactics he gathered the older boys of his school in front of the old Quaker meeting-house, and drilled them in military maneuvers; a number of these boys afterward entered the army. In the fall of 1 86 1 he closed his school and entered the army, and was appointed caplain of Company D ist New York Excelsior regiment. He was wounded at Williams- burgh, and was in the battles of Bull Run (second), Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and Man- asses Gap. July 24th, having been brevetted major for his gallant conduct, as he was leading his troops in a charge on the enemy's works he was shot through the neck and instantly killed. Elias Roff was a resident of Walnut Grove, and was drowned at Washington, D. C, while in the performance of his duty. Private Henry Smith enlisted from Walnut Grove, and gave his life in behalf of his country. The date and manner of his death are not known. Daniel D. Tuttle was born at Mill Brook. In the sum- mer of 1862 he enlisted in Company B 27th N. J. He joined the army under Burnside on the 15th of De- cember; was under fire at Fredericksburg, and partici- pated in Burnside's famous " mud march," and most likely at that time, through fatigue and exposure, con- tracted the disease that finally terminated his life. Soon after that campaign he was taken sick and died, March 2nd 1863, in Odd Fellows' Hall, Washington. Louis Weise was a Dane by birth and served in the army of his native country. He also enlisted from near Walnut Grove, in Company K ist New York engineers, and was killed August 19th 1863, by a shell from Fort Sumter, while in the discharge of duty near Morris Island. Sergeant Albert D. Wiggins, at the time when Captain Alexander was raising his company, was residing in Dover employed as clerk in Breese's dry goods store. , .H* en- ««=&#= =^:^ RESIDCNCE or JOHN HANCE, RANDOLP H , MORB IS CN J OPERA HOUSE and ORCHESTRA HALL^ OOVER^ N J DANICL MOULEF? PROP'R. RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM S G REEN , DENVILLE MORRIS C°N J *w^:^= m^ 4i_ OFFICERS OF RANDOLPH TOWNSHIP— DOVER INCORPORATED. 313 tered the service for nine months as a sergeant in Com- pany B 27th N. J.; was with his company at the first battle of Fredericksburg, marched with it through all its wearisome campaigns, and on the 6th of May 1863 shared a watery grave with his gallant captain in the Cumberland River, having been in the boat that was capsized. Edward Wolfe resided near Walnut Grove, and at the breaking out of the war enlisted in Company K ist New- York engineers, as an artificer. He died of measles, January i6th 1862, at Hilton Head, S.-C. Town Meetings and Officers. The early records of the township are lost, stolen, or destroyed, hence the list of officers cannot be obtained. There can be no doubt, however, that the township was organized in 1805, and town meetings regularly held, and the proper officers elected and installed, without inter- ruption, until the present time. The following township officers were elected March 8th 1881, the election being held in three different places. ist (northern) election district — Judge of election, Sylvester Dickerson; inspectors of electiqns, Charles H. Eagles and Andrew Kaiser; clerk of election, John Frank Mase. 2nd (central) election district — Judge of election, John V. Cain; inspectors, James H. Neighbour and Pe- ter Vanderhoof; clerk, James S. Melick. 3d (southern) election district — Judge of election, James Nortman; inspectors, Peter E. Coe and George H. Wolfe; clerk, Edward B. Lieurs. Township clerk, James S. Melick; assessor, Erastus E. Potter; collector, Charles H. Munson; freeholder, James H. Carrell; township committee — Albridge C. Smith, James T. Spargo and John A. Casterline; commissioners of appeals — Charles Spargo, James W. Bryant and Isaac Hance; justice of the peace, Moses Blanchard; consta- bles — Samuel M. Sutton, William T.Williams, Joseph R. Williams, John Leitze, Charles Trowbridge and John M. Smith; overseer of the poor, Elisha Meeker; pound- keepers — Samuel Burchell, William Barrett, Marvin Ac- kerson, Alexander W. Garrigues, George Blanchard. DOVER. The town of Dover has a population of about 3,300. It was incorporated in 1869, with the following bound- aries: An Act to Incorporate Dover. — Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jer- sey that all that tract of land situate, lying and being in the township of Randolph and county of Morris, and within the limits and boundaries hereinafter mentioned and described — that is to say: beginning at a stone bridge in the road near the house of Mahlon Munson; thence in a straight line to the road to Walnut Grove, including the house of John Conrod; thence in a straight line to the junction of Wallam and Jackson Brooks, passing near the Lawrence farm-house; thence in a straight line to the road to Mine Hill, in front of the old Catholic church; thence in a straight line to the Dover and Sparta turnpike, including the wheelright shop of Sylvester Dick- erson; thence in a straight line, including the houses of Sylvester Dickerson, Charles M. Tunis and Stephen C. Berry, to the division line between the townships of Ran- dolph and Rockaway; thence in a straight line to the stone bridge in the road to Morristown, between^ the houses of Robert F. and Thomas Oram; thence in a straight line to the stone bridge, to place of beginning — containing about eleven hundred acres, shall be and the same is hereby ordained, constituted and declared to be a town corporate, and shall henceforth be called, known and distinguished by the name of Dover. The act provided that the officers of the town should be a mayor, a recorder, two aldermen and five common councilmen; and directed "such of the inhabitants of of Dover as reside within the aforesaid limits, and who have resided in the county five months, and in the State one year, immediately preceding the election to be held for town officers, and who are in other respects legal vo- ters, to assemble at the hotel of Isaac B. JoUey, in Dover aforesaid, on the first Monday in May next, and there by a plurality of votes to elect a mayor, one alderman, and three common councilmen, to hold their respective offices for two years, and a recorder, one alderman and two common councilmen, to hold their respective offices for one year; and the tickets to be voted at said election shall state term for which the said aldermen and common councilmen are respectively elected; and on the first Monday of May in each and every year thereafter the inhabitants aforesaid shall and may hold a like election at such place as may be designated by the common coun- cil, for such of the said members of common council whose terms shall have expired; and that at every elec- tion after the first election herein provided for the mem- bers of common council elected shall hold their respect- ive offices for two years, and until their successors are elected and sworn into office," etc., etc. The first officers, who were elected in May 1869, were the following: George Richards, mayor; James H. Neigh- bour, recorder; Mahlon H. Dickerson and Ephraim Lindsley, aldermen; Wm. H. McDavit, Alpheus Beemer, Thomas J. Halsey, Daniel F'. Wiggins, and Martin V. B. Searing, common councilmen; Wm. H. Lambert, clerk. The Stores in Dover. The people of what is now Dover were in early times compelled for purposes of trade to go to Morristown, Newark, or more distant places; but as the population increased the inconvenience of procuring household sup- plies from a distance created a demand for accommoda- tion near home, and a store was opened in Dover. The first store was started about the beginning of the present century, in what is known as the Hoagland house, which stood on the north side of the Rockaway River near the depot of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and was kept by Canfield & Hunt. The next store, which was a small one, was kept by Moses Hurd sen., near the old school-house on the corner of Dickerson street and Morris avenue. This house took fife and burned down, and was never rebuilt. 314 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The stone house on the north side of Blackwell street, three doors from Warren street, where the residence of Sheriff Mc Davit now is, was built for a store and long used for that purpose. Being centrally situated it be- came the center of trade in the village. It was first kept by Israel Losey, who resided next door, where stands the large brick building used by the National Union Bank. John M. Losey and Manning Rutan carried on a profit- able store business in a small building about half a mile from Dover on the road to Sparta, near Sylvester Dicker- son's. Mr. Rutan afterward moved to Newark and con- tinued the same business there, and Mr. Losey erected a large building on Blackwell street next door to the Man- sion House, where he continued in an extensive business till his death. His successor in this store-house was Ephraim Lindsley, who occupied it when it was destroyed in the gre.it fire of 1880, which consumed a block of build- ings on Blackwell street; these have been replaced by an elegant row of brick houses, and Mr. Lindsley and son continue the business at the old stand. Manning Ru- tan after an absence of many years returned to Dover, and kept store in the old stone building above the Na- tional Union Bank, on Blackwell street. Mr. Rutan was an excellent citizen and the generous patron of all moral and religious efforts. About sixteen years ago he moved from Dover to Michigan and purchased a large tract of land, which has proved to be a financial success. Stores have multiplied since then, and in 1881 there were upward of seventy, great and small — twenty-five on Blackwell street, six on Dickerson street, six on War- ren street, twenty-two on Sussex street, and twelve on other streets. These consist of general country stores, in which almost every article is offered for sale; three large drug stores, groceries, meat and vegetable markets, dry goods stores, hardware stores and so on, including every variety of merchandise, as books, periodicals, music, musical instruments, cigars and the like. Iron Works and Workers. We have seen that John Jackson built a forge on Granny's Brook in 1722. He employed forgemen and car- ried on the iron business until 1753, when he became in- volved and was sold out by the sheriff, and his 527 acres were bought by Hartshorn Fitz-Randolph, an influential and leading member ef the Society of Friends, who pur- chased 300 acres adjacent, making his whole farm con- sist of about 900 acres. Josiah Beman, who in 1757 bought the north side of Dover, soon afterward erected a forge on the Rockaway River just east of where the canal crosses the river, and continued the iron business which Jackson had aban- doned. Mr. Beman was succeeded by Israel Canfield, of Morristown, who built a slitting-mill and took Jacob Losey as a partner. Mr. Losey, who was a native of Dover, built and occupied the house where Henry Mc- Farlan lives, and superintended the works, while Israel Canfield continued his residence in Morristown. The latter put in capital and the former personal services. Canfield Sr Losey carried on the iron business till the war of 1812; that war checked this industry, and the treaty of peace, which opened American ports to British competition, paralyzed this business, not only in Dover and its vicinity, but throughout the country. Conse- quently after the war Canfield & Losey closed up their works, and sold at auction their property, which was pur- chased by Blackwell & McFarlan. Mr. Blackwell died in 1827, after which the property was held by McFarlan & Son & Ayres, who held it as trustees. In 1830 Wil- liam Scott leased the property of these trustees and car- ried on the business. In 1832 it came into the posses- sion of Henry McFarlan, who nine years afterward moved from New York to Dover, and himself conducted the business, which consisted of a rolling-mill, spike machine, rivet machine, steel furnace and foundry. In 1880 Mr. McFarlan sold these works to Judge Francis S. Lathrop, then receiver of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, who formed a company out of the stockholders of the railroad company, with a capital of $200,000. This company repaired the buildings and made other im- provements, and is now doing a good business, making things very lively in Dover. This company was con- cerned in the extension of the High Bridge branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey from Port Oram to Dover. This extension was completed to Dover and Rockaway and the trains commenced running in June 1881, thus increasing the demand for labor in this vicinity. Felix Hinchman was superintendent of the iron works for several years, and was succeeded by Guy M. Hinch- man, who was identified with them for a generation. More will be found concerning G. M. Hinch'man on another page of this book. The first blacksmith in Dover was probably Jesse King, who lived on Prospect street, where Dr. Condit resides, and had a blacksmith shop near his house in the latter part of the eighteenth century. Jesse King was the father of John D. King, Andrew King and Wm. King, and the grandfather of Dr. Joseph King and of Milford, Halsey and David King, who are still in the business of their grandfather Jesse. Nearly contempor- aneous with the first blacksmith was William Ford, who was also a machinist. Elias Garrigus, who learned his trade with William Ford, was a blacksmith for the Dover Iron Company for more than a quarter of a century. William A. Dickerson, who also learned his trade with William Ford, and succeeded Elias Garrigus, has been in this business for over half a century, and is still carrying it on, with the prospect of many years before him. There are now several other blacksmiths in Dover be- sides those who have been mentioned — one or two in connection with carriage factories. Upward of 40 iron mines have been worked in this township, known as Baker, Black Hills, Brotherton, Bryant, Byrara, Combs, Canfield, Cooper, Corwin, Conner Fowland, Charles King, David Horton, De Hart, Dal- rymple, Solomon Dalrymple, Dickerson, Erb, Evers, George, Henderson, Horton, Hubbard, Harvey, Kurd, Jackson, Hill, King, Lawrence, Lewis, Munson, McFar- MECHANICS AND BANKERS OF DOVER. 315 land, Millen, North River, Orchard, Randall Hill, Spring, Sullivan, Stirling, Scrub Oak, Trowbridge and Van Doren. Some of these mines are now idle. Seven mines are located in Irondale and very near to each other. The Dickerson mine at Ferromonte, which is the old Succasunna mine, the Byram mine and the Orchard mine are the most valuable. A further account of these mines will be found on page 6t,. The ore is of an ex- cellent quality. William Ford was a machinist who fifry years ago did considerable work in his line. His shop was first where the locomotives of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad are kept; he afterward had a larger shop at or near the corner of Blackwell and McP'arlan streets. John E. Hoagland was also a skillful machinist, and was for many years the superintendent of this depart- ment of work in the Dover iron works. He was suc- ceeded in this position by John Mase, who continued to occupy it till the property was sold to the new company. The Morris County Machine and Iron Company is spoken of on page 61. It consists of a president, secre- tary and treasurer, and seven directors, as follows; Pres- ident, George Richards; secretary and treasurer, Wil- liam H. Lambert; directors, Henry McFarlan, Columbus Beach, M. D., I. B. JoUey, Richard George, I.W. Searing, Alpheus Beemer, George Richards. The Silk Factory. A stock company, formed under the lead of Alpheus Beemer, is erecting a large brick building a little west from the center of Dover and on Granny's Brook, about 200 feet in front and four stories high, which will fur- nish room for 200 hands or more, to manufacture Ameri- can silk. James Searing, a native of the town, was for half a century, together with his sons, knovvn as the principal carpenter in the place. His brother, Jacob Searing, who built and worked a saw-mill at Mill Brook, carried on the same trade. His sons, Isaac and Martin Searing, are the principal persons now engaged in this business. Mr. Palmer and son are old citizens who have done much work in this line of business. J. J. Vreeland is an excellent carpenter and well known. The names of Joseph Reed and others are deserving mention. Mr. Reed, who learned his trade with James Searing, was for several years boss of the car factories of Dover, where he turned out some excellent work. For years the first settlers in Randolph were obliged to go outside of the township for masons. Dennis Dal- rymple of Morristown did all the stonework and plaster- ing as a matter of course for the people in Dover and vicinity. At length, about the beginning of the present century, a mason named Fairchild moved into the town- ship, and found employment here until he moved to Den- ville. Daniel Lampson, a native of Randolph, early suc- ceeded in this business, and though consumptive in con- stitution was an efficient and excellent mason, and lived and worked at his trade till a good old age. David Tucker for two score years and more, with his sons and other employes, has supplied the wants of Dover and vicinity in this department of work. Abrara Ross, Ira Cooper and others have long been known as good work- men in Dover belonging to this craft. The Banks. Carpenters and Masons. Emigrants who make their homes in the wilderness, and are content for a time to dwell in temporary cabins or log houses, usually feel competent to perform for them- selves the labor of house carpenters. Some dwellings, even in such times, will appear more pretentious than others; and the owners, if skilled in the use of the ax and the saw, will be sought after to assist their neighbors in improving their houses or building new ones. Such services, frequently repeated, give one the advantage of surpassing others and lift him to the rank of a mechanic in his department, especially among a class where no ed- ucated mechanic resides. In this way some of the earli- est residents grew into the business of carpenters, and did good work. Still the more ambitious were accus- tomed to go to Morristown or Newark for skilled labor when they proposed to erect a substantial frame building. Mordecai Wilson, who was a carpenter and also a moulder, and worked for the Dover Iron Company, is among the earliest of those who resided in the township whose names can be recalled. His son followed the bus- iness and worked on some of the finest buildings erected here in his day. The Union Bank of Dover was formed in 1832. It was owned almost entirely by Anson G. Phelps, a wealthy iron merchant of New York city. The following were its first officers: President, Colonel John Scott; cashier, Thomas B. Segur (till his death, in 1854); directors — Richard Brotherton, William Scott, Jacob Wilson, Jos- eph Dalrymple, Jacob Hurd, Israel C. Losey, John M. Losey, Freeman Wood, Alexander Dickerson and Joseph Dickerson jr. In 1866, when the national banking system came into operation, the " Union " closed up its affairs, paying all its liabilities. A private bank called " Segur's Bank " was organized in 1867; it continued till 1871, and re- ceived and paid the old bills of the Union Bank. The National Union Bank of Dover was organized in 1872. The same year the Dover Bank was chartered, which was a State bank and which consolidated with the Na- tional Union Bank in the year 1879. The officers of the National Union Bank were: Columbus Beach, M. D., president; Jay S. Treat, cashier; Edward Smith, book- keeper; ■ Graff, teller; directors— George Richards, Richard George, Ephraim Lindsley, Henry McFarlan, Hudson Hoagland. The Morris Canal. This canal, whose construction is elsewhere narrated, was of great benefit to northern New Jersey, and was the cause of this portion of the State increasing in pop- 42 --3 1 6 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. ■ ulation faster than the southern portion. ' It tapped the coal regions of Pennsylvania, arid had a decided influence in reviving the iron industry. So great were the difficul- ■ ties of transporting iron previously that "a ton of iron could be carried from Arcliangel, on the White Sea, to New York for the same price as from Berkshire Valley." It was a gala day in Dover when the canal was ready for use, in 1831. A handsome boat was built and richly dec- orated, culled " The Dover, of Dover." Byram Pruden, . now in his 90th year (the only surviving soldier of 1812 in Randolph), was appointed captain, and made a success- ful trip. Judge Freeman Wood, who was at that time a partner in the store of Israel Losey, went on " The Do- ver, of Dover," as supercargo, and brought back goods -for his store. It was the most sensational day that Dover -had thus far seen; and henceforth NewYorl^was more easily reached. Had it not been for the canal the iron mines would not have been developed, and the iron business would have been discontinued for many years. The Post-Office. The first post-ofifice was kept by Jacob Losey; the ex act date of his appointment we have been unable to as- certain, but it is probable that he was appointed in the first decade of this century, though possibly, as some say, not till 1820 — nearly thirty years after the establishment of an office at Rockaway, where in 1791 Colonel Joseph Jackson was appointed postmaster by General Washing- ton. Jacob Losey 's successors in this department have been David Sandford, Sydney Breese, Ephraim Lindsley, ;Wilmot .Thompson, Alpheus Beemer, and Guido M. Hirichman, who is' the present incumbent. • This post-oflSce is now kept in a convenient and spacious .apartment of the brick building used for the National •Union Bank. Though the Dover post- office did but little business at first, this business has grown until the Dover office has become the greatest in the county except Morristown, and is placed among the classified post-offices, with salary affixed, the postmasters of which are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The Dover postmaster now receives a salary of $1,800 per annum. Taverns. The first tavern in Dover was commenced in 1808. In 1792 Dover contained only four dwellings and a forge. Three of these buildings remained in 1842, and were known as the Beeman, Augur and Doty dwellings. In 1808 the Augur house was enlarged to fit it for a tavern, and it was afterward known as the " Old Tavern House." It stood inside of Mr. McFarlan's park, near the north- eastern corner, the old road then extending in front of this house about 300 feet south of the canal and on the north side of the residence of Mr. McFarlan. It was torn down or removed when the park was inclosed, about i860. This tavern was kept by Peter Hoagland. The second hotel in Dover was kept by Jacob Hurd who married the daughter of Peter Hoagland, erected a building on the corner of Blaokwell and Sussex streets, and kept a popular and profitable inn there for a great many years. He at length sold out to Jackson & Jolley, who together continued the business for a while, and then Mr. Jackson sold out to I. B. Jolley, who eniarged the buildings and made other judicious improvements, and so added to the good reputation the house had under Jacob Hurd that it has acquired the name of being one of the best kept hotels in the State. It is called the Mansion House. Mr. Jolley is still the popular proprie- tor. The stone building known as the Stickle House, on the corner of Blackwell and Warren streets, • was originally •built by the Dover Iron Company, and used for a hotel. From 1831 to 1847 it was used for a bank, called the Union Bank of Dover. When the new banking house next door to the Presbyterian church was opened the stone house was again used as a hotel. It has frequently changed keepers. Mr. Roff kept it before it was a bank, and after it ceased to be a bank it was kept by Mr. Van Deveer and others, until it was purchased by Edward Stickle. Owing to the popularity of the Mansion House the various keepers did not meet with much success until it came into the hands of its present possessor, Mr. Melek, an experienced inn-keeper, who has im- proved its reputation and given it a good degree of popu- larity. A third tavern was opened about 1872 on the corner of Sussex and Clinton streets, by Charles Searing. Though not as advantageously located in reference to the railroad station, nor as spacious in its accomodations as the other inns, still the patronage of Searing's Hotel has been steadily increasing, and since the extension of the Cen- tral Railroad of New Jersey to Dover it has done a profit- able business. Another house was opened on the eastern part of Blackwell street, under the name of the Miner's Hotel; this was more of a boarding house than a hotel proper, and was shortlived. Express Companies. The first express business in Dover was started in i860 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, employing Mr. H. Breese. This company sold out to the Traders' Express, and J. M. Losey acted as their agent. In 1870 the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company bought out the Traders' Ex- press; Wm. A. Waer has been their agent ever since, and is justly appreciated for his promptness and fidelity. The Central Express Company, connected with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, employed David A. Searing, who drove a stage from Dover to Port Oram, at that time the terminus of the Central road. Since the extension of that road to Dover J. M. Brown has acted as the express agent. Professional Gentlemen. The names of the pastors are to be found in connec- tion with the histories of their churches. The six law- RESIDENCE^ HON COLUMBUS BEACH COR OF ORCHARD X BAN K STS DOVER NJ ■g^: ? ■ t PROFESSIONAL PEOPLE OF DOVER. 317 yers are James H. Neighbour, Albridge C. Smith, Wm. T. Leport, J. Ford Smith, Moses Blanchard and B. C. Megie jr. The names of physicians are Tiiomas D. Crit- tenden, Joseph D. King, Isaiah W. Condit, A. Rossi, George O. Cummins, R. Bennet, Wm. Derry and Miss Mary Ford. Of these Dr. Crittenden and Dr. King were born in Dover. Dr. Crittenden is the son of Dr. Ira Crittenden, who came from Lennox, Mass., when a young man, stud- ied with Dr. Pierson, of Morristown, and graduated at the New York College of Piiysicians ;ind Surgeons. In i8r2 he married Harriet, youngest daughter of Stephen Jackson. In 1813 he built the house where Thomas Oram now lives, at Pleasant Valley, where he lived the remainder of his life, devoted to his profession. Two of his sons succeeded him in his profession — Wra. Critten- den at Rockaway, and Thomas Crittenden at Dover. Before Dr. Ira Crittenden began to practice in Randolph the people of this township sought medical aid chiefly from Morristown. Dr. Condit, though not a native of Randolph, was born in Succasunna; he is a descendant on his mother's side from General William Winds, and has practiced longer in Dover than any other physician except Dr. Critten- den. His original progenitor in this country, John Con- dit, came from London to Newark in 1680. His son Peter moved to Orange. Peter's son John moved to Morris county, and his descendants were Jonathan, Isaac, Uzal and Isaiah Condit. Leonhard Nachbor, or Leonard Neighbour, came to German Valley when a boy in 1707, and settled on a farm of 325 acres, about one mile below the Presbyterian church. This farm is still in the family, occupied at present by Silas Neighbour, brother of James. Leonard Neighbour died in 1766, aged 68; his son Leonard died in 1806, aged 75; the latter's son Leonard died in 1854, aged 90. David Neighbour, son of the last named, is still living, verging toward go. His son James H. was the first settled lawyer in Dover, and has won a good repu- tation and acquired an extensive practice. Schools. In 1848 a select school was held in Dover, in the base- ment of the Presbyterian church, by the Rev. David Ste- venson. The efficient instruction of this energetic teacher not only benefited his pupils, but awakened an interest in the community for a more thorough course of education which has never died out. In 1850 a select school was opened in Prospect street, by Mrs. Anna C. Whittlesey, who had been a missionary on the island of Ceylon, but returned to her native land after her husband's death. Mrs. Whittlesey built a neat school-house, and taught in it till her second marriage, to the Rev. Thornton A. Mills, D. D. Her labors as a teacher were appreciated, and some of her pupils still make grateful mention of the benefit they received from them. When this school was discontinued the Rev. B. C. Megie, J. L. Allen, Dr. I. M. Condit and others formed themselves into a company, erected a new school-house near Mrs. Whittlesey's, and employed teachers from time to time. Among those who taught with much accept- ance were William Hall, S. C. Conant, Mr. Schriver, S. C. Megie and B. Chalmers Nevius. This was followed by a boarding and day school in the house of Rev. B. C. Megie, which was and is still conducted by his daughters. This school, called the Dover Institute, was designed for young ladies, but admitted both sexes. Many of the pu- pils have become teachers; a few boys from this institu- tution have entered college, and several young ladies have been prepared for Vassar and Wellesley Colleges. Mention should also be made of the schools- held in the Stone Academy — a building erected for church and school purposes. The upper floor was used by the Pres- byterian church as its place of worship from 1835 to 1842, when the members occupied their' own church edifice. The same room was afterward occupied by the Protestant Episcopal church until its beautiful stone sanctuary was completed in 1872. The first floor of the Stone Acad- emy was used for school purposes. Among the popular teachers there may be mentioned Joseph H. Babcock, a young man of promising talents and " apt to teach." He, while teaching, studied law, yet never entered on its practice, but studied theology and entered the ministry of the Presbyterian church, and became an eloquent preacher. He took charge of a church in northern Indi- ana, where he was loved for his eminent services, but from overwork early died. Another educator, who had a shortlived notoriety, was one Averill, alias Shield, who claimed to be a theological student, but who brought a woman to his boarding house whom he called his wife. It was ascertained that she was another man's wife; and a warrant was obtained for his arrest. Learning what was going on he shrewdly con- cealed himself in a hearse which was standing in the street, whence he saw those who were in search of him and heard their conversation. Stiff and silent as a dead man, he remained the whole day without any motion; and in the darkness of the night made his departure. He was not pursued, nor ever after heard from. Another of the teachers of this academy, and one highly esteemed both for his mental and moral qualities, was Captain Franklin Pease. He taught several years in Dover, and then entered into the mercantile business in his native place, Pittsfield, Mass. He was appointed captain of a company from that State during the civil war, was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, and died in an ambulance before he could reach the hospital. Among the highly successful teachers of Dover should be mentioned the name of Darius Calkins, who taught a longer time than most teachers in this place. He was not only an able instructor, but a man of extensive knowledge and sound judgment. His influence over the young peo- ple was great, and always in the right direction. He, like Captain Pease, after a time changed his vocation and engaged in mercantile employments in New York city, where he is still living. Several excellent lady teachers were employed in the Stone Academy, whose names we are not able to obtain; 3i8 ■HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. and the names already mentioned may include Some who taught both in the public school and in the Stone Acad- emy. Miss Hattie Breese Was one who was esteemed for her successful mode of. teaching; another was Miss Pike, and others equally deserving :honorable mention must be passed over because we have not their names. THE CHURCHES OF DOVER. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN. Lord Perth, a large stockholder in the lands of East Jersey, and a man of great influence among Scotch Pres- byterians, induced many Presbyterians to emigrate to New Jersey about the same time that the excellent Robert Barclay prevailed on so many Quakers of Scot- land to come; and Presbyterians, who early formed an important and even ascendant portion of the population of this province, soon made their way into this part of Morris county. Within ten years after the erection of the Quaker meeting-house a Presbyterian church was organized at.Rockaway, and Dover was recognized for many long, years as a part of that parish. The Presby- terians usually attended that church and aided in the support of the pastor. In the meantime they sustained a prayer meeting once a week in Dover, commonly at the sehool-house and not infrequently at private houses. A Sabbath-school was organized in .1816, which has been continued ever since. In 1831 the Rev. Edwin F. Hat- field, D. D., then just licensed to preach the gospel, as- sisted the Rev. Dr. King of Rockaway in conducting a protracted meeting, which resulted in an extensive revival of religion. Dr. Hatfield preached many successive evenings in the school-house in Dover, and a goodly rrumber of persons became practically interested in Christian duties, who were ultimately formed into a church. A few of these persons are still living, but the greater part have departed this life. . The First Presbyterian Church of Dover was organized April 23d 1835, by a committee appointed by the Presby- tery of Newark, consisting of the Rev. John Ford, of Parsippany, and Rev. Peter Kanouse, of Succasunna. The church consisted of the following twenty members: James F'ord, Charity Ford, Martha Chrystal, James Sear- iiig, Rachel Searing, Thomas M. Sturtevant, Maria Stur- tevant, William A. Dickerson, Louisa M. Hurd, Mary Wilson, Melinda Tuttle, John K. Bayles, Phebe Ann Bayles, Elizabeth Hoagland, Phebe King, Margaret King, Thomas B. Segur, Sarah P. Segur, Jabez L. Allen, Caroline C. Allen. J. L. Allen, Thomas B. Segur and James Ford were chosen and duly set apart to the office of ruling elders. Of the above twenty persons eight survive. Of the elders Mr. Segur died in 1854, and J, L. Allen September 22nd 1869. James Ford, though poyears of age, is in good health and able to act as an elder. : The first, minister was the Rev. James Wyckoff, who- was unanimously called to become pastor August 12th 1835, and was installed November 24th 1835, when the Rev. Peter Kanouse preached the sermon. Rev. Barnabas King, of Rockaway, gave the charge to the pastor, and Rev. Dr. Joseph Campbell, of Hackettstown, father-in- law of Mr. Wyckoff, gave the charge to the people. Mr. •Wyckoff became ill after a pastorate of two years and re- moved to Hackettstown, where he died in May 1838. The Rev. Robert R. Kellogg, of New York, began to supply the pulpit in July 1838, and continued till May 1839, when he received a call to the Presbyterian church of Gowanus, Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Kellogg preached in dther churches, and was supplying the pulpit of the church at Port Jervis, when, after preaching twice on Sunday, he was suddenly taken ill and died the same night, September 26th 1866. He was succeeded by Rev. B. C. Megie, who commenced his ministry in July 1839, preaching part of the time at Berkshire Valley. He was installed by the presbytery of Rockaway, N. S., Novem- ber 15th 1842, which was the day of dedication of the new church. Previously the congregation had worshiped in the old stone academy. ' A second church was erected on the. site of the old one, and dedicated July 26th 1872. Rev. Harvey D. Ganse, of the Reformed church of New York city, made an address at the laying of the corner stone, and Presi- dent Cattell, of Lafayette College, Easton, preached the sermon at the dedication. The new church cost about $30,000, which was all provided for at the time of the dedication, and every pew was rented when the church was opened for service; the new organ cost $2,000. June tst 187s Mr. Megie left this church and accepted a call to the church of Pleasant Grove, on Schooley's Moun- tain, where he still resides. The Rev. William W. Halloway jr. was installed pastor of the Presbyterian church of Dover October 2Sth 1876, when Rev. J. A. French, of Morristown, preached the sermon. Rev. Albert Erdman, of Morristown, gave the charge to the pastor, and Rev. Dr. Irving gave the charge fo the people. Mr. Halloway is still in the pastorate of that church. In 1878 a parsonage was built costing $7,000, and in 1881 the new church, damaged by a severe gale, was re- paired and frescoed anew at a cost of $2,000, all of which is paid. In 1880 the church reported to presbytery 248 mem- bers, with seven ruling elders, as follows: James Ford, Titus Berry, I. W. Condict, Ephraim Lindsley, J- H. Neighbour, J. S. Treat, A. C. Smith. THE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF DOVER was- organized and the church building dedicated in 1838. A class meeting had been regularly held for a considerable time before this. At the time of the dedi- cation of the church the Rev. Manning Force was the presiding elder, and the Rev. J. O. Rodgers was the first minister. Mr. Rodgers. is still living. The following pastors have successively supplied the church: James M. Tuttle, Rodney Winans, William E. Perry, M. E. Ellison, J. Dobbins, William Burroughs (de- ceased), J. P. Fort, WilJiam.W. Christine (who died in i88i),- E. M. Griffiths, J. O. Winner, A. M. Palmer, Garet CHURCHES OF DOVER. 319 Van Horn, S. W. Hillard, John Scarlet, E. A. Hill (de- ceased), Martin Herr, I. W. Seran, C. S. Coit, Thomas Walters (deceased), J. R. Daniels, S. B. Rooney, J. J. Morrow and H. D. Opdyke, the present pastor. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The Protestant Episcopal church of Dover was begun under the labors of Rev. Charles W. Rankin, rector of the first Episcopal church of Morristown, and of Bishop Doane. Henry McFarlan of Dover was appointed reader, and maintained the worship till 1852, when Rev. Charles H. Little became the minister, and continued one year. His successors in the rectorship were as fol- lows: Rev. John D. Berry, 1853, one year; Nathan W. Monroe, 1854, one year; Charles S. Hoffman, 1855, one year; Francis Canfield, 1856, one year; H. C. H. Dudley, 1857, three years; Thomas W. Street, i860, one year; David Margot, 1862, one year; James A. Upjohn, 1863, six years; J. F. Butterworth, 1869, two years; E. E. Butler, 1871, nine years; D. D. Bishop, 1880, present in- cumbent; Messrs. McFarlan and Eyland acting as lay readers when the church was without a regular pastor. Confirmation has been administered by Bishops Doane, Odenheimer and Starkey. Worship was held in the old stone academy which was built in 1830 until the erection of the new church, which was consecrated, free from debt, in 187 1. The new church cost over $15,000, which was paid by Henry Mc- Farlan, George Richards and Mr. Eyland, each furnish- ing $5,000. There are now forty-five communicants, and a fair congregation. FREE METHODIST CHURCH OF DOVER. In the year 1870, under the lead of its pastor, the Rev. C. S. Coit, the First Methodist Episcopal Church de- cided to build a new church edifice. A lot was selected on Blackwell street with a view to erecting a building that would cost about $40,000. In the meantime it was proposed first to erect a chapel, and to build the church sooner or later as circumstances should allow. One of the leading members of this church was John W. Sear- ing, a young man highly esteemed in the community for his exemplary character, and loved by the Methodists for his fervent piety. Mr. Searing attended a meeting of the Free Methodists at Rahway and connected himself with that society. One of their principles is cheap houses of worship; and Mr. Searing opposed the project of building a new church edifice that to him seemed to be extravagant. In his opposition he early organized a class meeting of Free Methodists. By invitation, the Rev, W. Gould, an influential member of this denomina- tion, preached in the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Dover August 3d 1871. Shortly after, Lewis & Whitlock's hall was hired for the use of this society. Mrs. Dunning of the Sabine mission of New York addressed large audiences. A quarterly meeting, under the charge of Rev. W. Gould, was held in this hall October 20th, 21st and 22nd 187 1. This may be considered as the begin- ning of the organization in Dover. John W. Searing was the first member received into the church; Manning F. Searing and his wife were the next members. During the fall meetings were conducted by Rev. Mr. Gould and other preachers from the surrounding cir- cuits. In 1872 the old Presbyterian church, made vacant by the erection of a new one, was occupied by the Free Methodists, and Rev. W. M. Parry did the most of the preaching. Upwards of fifty persons professed to be converted and joined the society. In July of this year a camp meeting was held on the grounds of John A. Cas- terline, a mile east of Dover. At this time a lot on Sus- sex street was donated by Manning Searing for the erec- tion of a church. The building was completed at a cost of $5,000, and was dedicated Sunday December 8th 1872, the Rev. B. P. Roberts, president of the Free Methodist body, preaching and conducting the exercises. The church lot was encumbered by a mortgage held by Henry McFarlan, which sold under foreclosure for $1,000, the amount being paid by members of the Free Method- ist church living, for the most part, outside of the bounds of the Dover society. The church since its for- mation has been under the care of the following pastors: Revs. W. M. Parry, 1872-74; W. Jones, 1874, 1875; J. Glenn, 1875-77; J. E. Bristol, 1877-79; W. Jones, 1879- 81; J. W. Tamblyn, 1881. GERMAN SERVICES. Religious services in the German language were held in the Presbyterian church in 1871-74 by the Rev John Heberle, of Myersville, on Friday evenings, and occa- sionally the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was admin- istered, the pastor of the Presbyterian church, Rev. B. C. Megie, assisting in this ordinance, and also in the bap- tism of German children. In 1875 the Rev. Johannes Richelson, of the Morristown German church, succeeded Mr. Heberle in conducting the German service in Dover. THE SWEDISH CHURCH. In 1872 and 1874 a number of Christian Swedes held religious services in the Presbyterian church. A Swedish pastor from Brooklyn, called Father Heornst, often con- ducted this service. At length, by the liberality of the people of Dover and the self-denial of the Swedes them- selves, a church edifice was erected on Grant street, and this church called the Rev. P. Smith to be its pastor. Mr. Smith was much beloved, and had a small but inter- ested congregation, until the paralysis of the iron indus- try scattered many of the Swedish miners. He was then compelled to leave his charge, and accepted an invitation to the pastorate of a Swedish church in Perth Amboy. Still he remembers his Dover flock, and often visits and preaches to them, so as to keep them together. SECOND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF DOVER. This church, a branch from the First Church, was or- ganized in 1876, and occupies the church building of the First church which was dedicated in 1838 and made va- cant by the occupancy of the new building on Blackwell street, erected in 1872. The old church was remodeled 320 HISTORY OP MORRIS COUNTY. and improved in 1876. The pastors have been as fol- lows: Rev. W. H. McBride, one year; Abram M. Palm- er, one year; William I. Gill, three years; and Rev. William H. McCormick, the present pastor, who com- menced his pastorate here in 1881. SOCIETIES IN DOVER. A number of fraternities or social organizations exist in Dover — the Young Men's Christian Association, Sons of Temperance, Temple of Honor, Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Order of United Americans, Sovereigns of In- dustry, etc. THE YOUNG MEN's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION of Dover was formed in the fall of 1868, in the Presbyte- rian church of Dover. An address was delivered by the Rev. Dr. Barclay of the Baptist church of Easlon. After the address the association was formed and officers were chosen. The leading members of this association were Warren Sepur, L. C. Bierworth, F. V. Wolfe, Garret Gar- rabrant, William H. Mase, E. Kirk Talcott, William F. Mattes, Daniel Derry, S. D. Gould, John Bulkly, A. J. Coe, C. F. Trowbridge, William E. Megie and others. These young nien possessed sterling principles and a manly spirit of moral enterprise, and were spoiling for something to do. Once organized, though belonging to different religious denominations, they went to work. They sought out the poor, the sick and the neglected. They relieved many needy ones, brought some to the house of God and more to the Sunday-schools, and in- duced several young persons to enter upon a better and happier way of life. They hired a hall and opened a prayer meeting on Sunday afternoon, which is still con- tinued. This prayer meeting became popular and was crowded, and the members of the association took an ac- tive part in its proceedings, which awakened in them and in the community a new religious interest. A revival commenced and a large number of young and old were converted. The association opened an evening school for free instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic, and other branches of learning. Several foreigners, especially Swedes, learned to read and speak English. In the fall of 1870 the association arranged for a course of public lectures and other entertainments during the winter. Among the lecturers were Olive Logan, R. J. De Cordova, Justin McCarthy, E. P. Whipple and P. B. Du Chaillu. The course proved unprofitable; at its close the society was in debt over three hundred dol- lars. An appeal was made to the churches for help, which was feebly responded to, and the association was for a time embarrassed by the burden of its debt. The association still abounds in good works; it has promoted Christian fellowship among different denomina- tions, and has aided in making the public sentiment of Dover religious. TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. Several organizations have been formed to repress the evils of drunkenness and to prevent the sober from be- coming intemperate. The first and oldest temperance society in Dover relied only on the signing of the pledge of total abstinence for the accomplishment of its objecf. At one time this open organization wrought wonders. The churches indorsed total abstinence, religious men practiced it, and honorable men praised it. All stores which sold intoxicating drinks abandoned the sale. The licensed inn was closely watched, and the public senti- ment of the place was a great restraint on the vender. Then the Washingtonian movement broke out, and drunk- ards began to reform all over the country by hundreds and by thousands. This reform spread through Ran- dolph township, until a drunkard was a rarity. At length a relapse took place, and reformed inebriates returned to their cups, like " the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire." To prevent this apos- tasy secret temperance societies were formed — Recha- bites, Sons of Temperance, Good Templars, the Temple of Honor and other orders. It was not the design of these secret societies to supersede the open organizations; still they absorbed a good portion of the working element from the former method of work, diverted public atten- tion, and almost suspended the action of the previous so- cieties. Anxious to secure the welfare of the drunkard, and failing to secure that object through secret organiza- tions, yet unwilling to abandon the effort, the temperance men entered upon a new method of warfare, and de- manded the suppression of the liquor traffic, the removal of the temptation from the intemperate. This element in the temperance reform is now embodied in the Tem- perance Alliance. Three methods of seeking deliverance from the evils of intemperance have their separate organizations in Dover: First, the old society, with its simple pledge; second, the secret society, which endeavors to keep its members from falling; third, the alliance, which would unite all in an effort to prohibit the sale. Besides.these three societies a fourth temperance so- ciety has recently been organized in Dover, known as "The Law and Order League." This society opposes the evil not by engaging in battle against the whole army of intemperance at once, but aims to attack its weaker points, and to destroy its forces little by little. Ac- knowledging that there are some legislative enactments designed to restrain the evil, it propses to enforce those enactments, to suppress the unlicensed sale, and to pun- ish the violations of the license law. This society is at the present time the most vigorous organization in Dover. LODGES AND COUNCILS. Besides the Young Men's Christian Association and the temperance societies there are seven other fraterni- ties in Dover, as follows: Acacia Lodge, No. 20, F. &> A. i^'.— Officers: F. H. Beach, W.M.; George M. Dorman, S. W.; Charles A. Gillen, J. W.; Edward Jackson, treasurer; James Ton- kin, secretary. Randolph Lodge, No. 130, /. O. O. i^.— Cooney Mann, ^cm^M^i^tJ THE LIFE OF HON. MAHLON DICKERSON. 321 N. G.; Wm. Doney, V. G. ; George Mann, treasurer; B. L. Hedden, secretary. Bethlehem Encampment, No. 50, /. O. O. F. — Daniel Treloar, C. P.; James Tonkin, S. W.; J. J. Vreeland, treasurer; B. L. Hedden, secretary. Major Anderson Post, No. 54, G. A. R.—V). S. Allen, post commander. Dover Council, No. 6, O. U. A. J/.— Alonzo Searing, secretary. Morris Council, No. 541, Royal Arcanum. — A. C. Smith, regent; C. A. Covert, secretary; James S. Melick, treas- urer. Harmony Council Sovereigns of Industry. — Robert Phil- lips, president; B. L. Hedden, secretary; W. J. Turner, treasurer. BIOGRAPHICAL. Hon. Mahlon Dickerson. Of the leading men who were long residents of the township of Randolph, whose influence has made the community what it is, the name of the Hon. Mahlon Dickerson should stand first. He occupied more prom- inent positions than any other citizen. He lived at Fer- romonte and owned and worked the Succasunna iron mine, now better known as the Dickerson mine. He was judge, general, member of the Legislature, governor of New Jersey, member of Congress and secretary of the navy in the cabinet of President Andrew Jackson. The following sketch of his life was prepared by Edmund D. Halsey, Esq., of Morristown, for another purpose and is inserted here by permission. Governor Mahlon Dickerson, of whose name it has been well said none have been more respected, honored and distinguished in New Jersey, was descended from the Puritan Philemon Dickerson, who emigrated from England early in the history of the Massachusetts colony and who was among the freemen of Salem in 1638. In 1643 he purchased from the Indians a large tract of land on the north shore of Long Island and took up his resi- dence at Southold. Here he died at the age of 74, leav- ing two sons, Thomas and Peter. Peter Dickerson, son of Thomas and grandson of Phil- emon, came to Morris county, N. J., in 1741, and Octo- ber 20th 1745 married his first wife, Ruth Coe, daughter of Joseph- Coe. He was an ardent patriot and his house in Morristown was from the beginning of the difficulties with Great Britain a gathering place for those of kindred mind. He took an active part in awakening and organ- izing the opposition to the acts of the British crown, and on the ninth day of January 1775 was appointed one of the " committee of observation " for Morris county. On the first day of May following he was elected a dele- gate to the Provincial Congress which met at Trenton the same month. February 7th 1776 he was commissioned captain of a company in the third battalion of the first establishment, and on the 29th of November following captain of a company in the third battalion of the second establishment. Both the companies he commanded were equipped at his private expense, and the money he so ad- vanced stands to his credit this day at Washington un- paid. He died May loth 1780, in the 56th year of his age. He had eight children by his first wife, one of whom, Esther, married Colonel Jacob Drake, who was also a delegate from Morris county to the Provincial Congress of 1775, and'who was colonel of the western regiment of New Jersey militia until he resigned to be- come a member of the first Assembly of New Jersey. Jonathan Dickerson, the second child and oldest son of Peter, was born September 20th 1747 (O. S.), and on the i2th of October 1768 was united in marriage to Mary Coe, daughter of Thomas Coe, by Rev. Timothy Johnes. Like his father he took a prominent part in the politics of his county. He also displayed the talent for invention for which many of his descendants have been distin- guished. The eleventh patent issued by our government, bearing the signature of Washington, was granted to him for an improved water wheel. In 1783 he was a member of the State Legislature from Morris county. The iron mines with which his region of country abounded, and which have added so much to its wealth, were then little regarded. The rich ore bed now known as the Dicker- son mine was originally returned by the proprietors of West Jersey in 1715 to John Reading, who a year or two after sold it to Joseph Kirkbride for a mere trifle, though the presence of the mineral was so well known even to the Indians that they called the neighborhood " Soco- sonna " (which meant in their language "heavy stone "), which usage has changed to Succasunna. Jonathan Dick- erson seems to have recognized its value, and in 1779 we find deeds to him from some of the Kirkbride heirs, and in partnership with one Minard La Fevre he purchased the whole. He was not, however, successful in making a fortune from his speculation, and it remained for his son Mahlon, who bought the property in 1807 from the heirs of his father and La Fevre, to develop its wealth, and in his hands it yielded a handsome income, which made its owner independent. Jonathan Dickerson died November 7th 1805, leaving six children — Mahlon, the oldest and the subject of this sketch; Silas; Mary, afterwards wife of David S. Canfield; Aaron, John B., and Philemon. His widow survived him many years, and died March ist 1827. She was buried with her husband at Succasunna. Mahlon Dickerson was born at a place called Han- over Neck, in ' Morris county, April 17th 1770. He probably fitted for college at Morristown, which at that time possessed a classical school. In the manuscript diary of Joseph Lewis, a wealthy gentleman of Morris- town and clerk of the county, is this entry: " 1786, Monday, r27th November, Jonathan Dickerson's son (Mahlon) began to board at 7s. per week.'s In 1789 Mahlon entered the American Whig Society at Princeton, and graduated the same year from the Col- lege of New Jersey, in the same class with Dr. Hosack. He returned to Morristown and engaged in the study of the law, and in November 1793 was admitted to the bar of New Jersey. In the following year he accompanied 322 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Captain Kinney's cavalry company in the expedition sent to Western Pennsylvania to suppress the whiskey rebellion — probably as an unattached volunteer, as his nanie does not appear in the list of that command. He was one of Governor Mifflin's aids during the expedi- tion. During the years 1795 ^"^ 1796 he was in active prac- tice in his native county, his name frequently appearing in the minutes of the court. In the record of a case in the common pleas, July term 1797, is the quaint entry that " Mr. Mahl&n Dickerson, the attorney for the above plaintiff, having removed to foreign parts and having agreed that Alexander C. McVVhorter be substituted, &c., the court ordered the substitution to be made." The "foreign parts " were in the city of Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania the same year, and where he entered the law office of John Milnor, afterward a distinguished clergyman of the Episcopal church. He was shortly afterward elected one of the common councilmen of Philadelphia, and in 1802 he was appointed by President Jefferson, of whom he was a de- voted admirer, commissioner of bankruptcy. January ist 1805 Mr. Dickerson was appointed by Governor Mc- Keon adjutant general of Philadelphia. His name also appears in the record as quartermaster-general. The title of "general" adhered to him through life, and even after his appointment as governor it was the one most generally given to him. His resignation of the position of adjutant-general was accepted July 22nd 1805, and he was the same day appointed recorder of the city of Phil- adelphia. The latter office he used to say was more con- genial to his tastes than any of the higher posts he was afterward called to fill. He resigned it, however, Octo- ber 2nd 1810, to return to Succasunna to develop the mineral property he had come possessed of. A very earnest and active member of the Republican party, then in the ascend.mcy, of popular manners and sound legal attainments, his career in Philadelphia was a very successful one. He shared his prosperity with the other members of his family and assisted largely in the education of his younger brothers. His brother Aaron he enabled to graduate at Princeton in 1804, and assisted him in establishing himself in a fair practice in Philadelphia as a physician. The daughter of Dr. Aaron Dickerson is the widow of the late Attorney-General Vanatta of New Jersey. His brother Silas was instantly killed January 7th 1807, at Stanhope, N. J., his great coat catching a screen in a raj. idly revolving axle and drawing him into some ma- chinery for making nails, which he was having erected. Philemon, the youngest brother, after his graduation studied law with the general in Philadelphia and suc- ceeded him as judge of the United States district court of New Jersey. He was also governor of New Jersey and one of its congressmen. His son Edward N. Dick- erson is one of the most prominent patent, lawyers of New York city. Returning to New Jersey, General Dickerson was not permitted to remain in private life, but in the three fol- successively elected a member of the State Assembly from Morris county. The Legislature of 1813 met Oc- tober 26th, and four days afterward Hon. William S. Pennington resigned his position as third justice of the supreme court, and Mr. Dickerson was the same day ap- pointed to fill the vacancy, and was also appointed re- porter of the court. He declined the latter office, how- ever, on the 9th of February following. At a joint meet- ing of the Legislature to elect a United States senator, November 3d 1814, his name was mentioned and he re- ceived a flattering vote. No choice was made at this meeting, and at the next, held in February, Mr. Dicker- son's name was withdrawn and Hon. James J. Wilson was elected. At the joint meeting, held October 26th 1815, he was unanimously elected governor of New Jer- sey, and was re-elected to that high office without oppo- sition October 28th 1816. He resigned the gubernatorial chair February ist 1817, having been elected on the 23d of the previous month United States senator for the six years beginning March 4th 1817. So satisfactory was his course in the Senate to the people of his State that November ist 1822 he was elected his own successor for another six years, without opposition. His term of office expired March 6th 1829. His previous election had been during the " era of good feel- ing," but before the last term expired the strife between Jackson, Clay, Adams and Crawford had begun. He had allied himself closely to the cause of Old Hickory, and the Legislature to' choose his successor was strongly Whig. At the joint meeting which assembled January 30th 1829 the resignation of Ephraim Bateman, the other senator from New Jersey, was sent in by the governor and was accepted by a vote of only 29 to 27 — those voting in the negative being mostly Whigs. The meet- ing then proceeded first to elect a senator to fill the vacancy caused by this resignation. The names of Theodore Frelinghuysen and Joseph W. Scott were brought forward, but withdrawn with the understanding that they were to be candidates for the long term. The names of Samuel L. Southard, William B. Ewing, Wil- liam N. Jeffers, Mahlon Dickerson and Garret D. Wall were mentioned for the short term. The Whigs, though having a majority of the meeting, were divided between Southard, the popular secretary of the navy under Adams, and Ewing, the chairman of the meeting. Ten calls of the meeting were had without result. Mr. Southard's vote varied from 20 to 25, and Mr. Ewing's from 8 to 13; the Democrats voting for Dickerson and Wall or for Dickerson alone. After the tenth ballot Hon. Stacey G. Potts offered the following resolution: " Resolved, That in the opinion of this joint meeting the Honorable Samuel L. Southard is not an inhabitant of the State of New Jersey, and therefore not eligible to the office of senator in the Congress of the United States under the third article of the Constitution of the United States, and that his name be withdrawn from the list of nominations." For this resolution all the Democrats and six of the lowing years, i8ji, 1812 and 1813, he was as many tinQes| Ewing men voted, and it was carried by a vote of 26 to THE LIFE OF HON. MAHLON DICKERSON. 3^3 i6. This made the friends of Mr. Southard so indignant that eight of them cast their votes for Mr. Dickerson, who was elected on the next ballot but one, by a vote of 28 for him, 23 for Ewing, and 2 for Wall. Mr. Freling- huysen was chosen immediately after for the long term by a vote of 35 against 21 for Mr. Scott. In the organization of the Senate in the following De- cember Governor Dickerson was made chairman of the committee on manufactures — a position he was eminently qualified to fill. He was an ardent supporter of the tariff, and agreed with the President in protecting Amer- ican industry, so far as legislation could do it. Examin- ing the proceedings of the Senate during the time he was a member, it will be seen that that subject seldom failed to bring him to his feet. All or nearly all his published speeches were on this subject. Though not as brilliant or as eloquent as many of his associates, he was scarcely less influential in legislation, through his familiarity with his subject, which close study and earnest application gave him. The affection of his constituency in New Jersey never wavered. At a meeting of the Jackson members of the Legislature in April 1832 the resolution was adopted " that we recommend our fellow citizen Mahlon Dicker- son as a suitable candidate to be supported by the del- gation of New Jersey [for vice-president] in convention, and that they be requested to present his name as the first choice of New Jersey." Nor was his name only mentioned by those of his own State. The Jackson men throuj^hout the country favored his nomination as a fit successor to Calhoun, who had become alienated from them. At this juncture Mr. Van Buren's rejection as minister to England by the Senate made his vindication seem necessary to his party, and they resolved to make him vice-president. Mr. Dickerson warmly seconded this resolution, and withdrew his own name from the canvass. In all the political struggles of the day and the various combinations of parties and cliques which characterized that period he adhered most strenuously to the principles and policies of Jackson, and possessed his constant friendship. His terra as United States senator expired in March 1833, and in the fall of that year he was elected by the people of the county to represent them in the Legisla- tive Council of the State. On the 20th of May 1834 he was nominated by the President as minister to Russia, and the appointment was confirmed by the Senate on the 26th. It is said he was persuaded by Mr. Van Buren to decline this position, and remain in this country to further his (Mr. Van Buren's) plans for the presidency. Let this be as it may, the position was declined and the president shortly after sent his name to the Senate as secretary of the navy to succeed Mr. Woodbury, and the appointment was con- firmed by the Senate on the 30th of June. He con- tinued to occupy this place in the cabinet during the re- maining years of Jackson's term and during the first two years of Mr. Van Buren's. He resigned his seat in 1838, and again retired to private life. Shortly after his appointment occurred the diflficulty in Boston Harbor in regard to the figurehead of Jackson upon the ship " Constitution." The modern effigy, half sawn in two, and the correspondence in relation to it are still in possession of the governor's family. On the 30th of January 1835, when crazy Lawrence attempted to as- sassinate Jackson in the Capitol, Dickerson was walking with him in the procession and sharedhis danger. Hewas one of the principal witnesses in the trial which followed. In September 1840 he was appointed by Mr. Van Buren judge of United States district court for the State of New Jersey, to succeed Judge Rossell. He held the office but about six months, when he resigned (in 1841) and was succeeded by his younger brother Philemon, who held the position many years. In 1844, when the constitution of his State, framed amid the confusion of the Revolutionary war and in great haste, had proved itself ill adapted to the wants of the State, Mr. Dickerson was selected by the citizens of Morris county to represent them in the convention, where his judicial training and practical good sense made him a valuable member. In 1846 and 1847 General Dickerson was president of the American Institute, and in the minutes of the pro- ceedings of that body, October 5th 1846 and October 5th 1847, may be found two addresses delivered by him, which are characteristic. The reader is not left in doubt as to what the speaker thought of protection, and in the closing sentence of one he speaks of free trade as "a system as visionary and impracticable as the everlasting and universal pacification of the world." He was elected as honorary member of the New Eng- land Historic Genealogical Society March 7th 1848. After his retirement from public life the general spent the remainder of his days at the handsome residence which he erected about 1844 near his mine, among the mountains of Randolph. His windows commanded a view of one of the finest sections of his State, and his large private library afforded him constant amusement when his business gave him leisure. On the garden and grounds about his house he lavished much time and mone)', planting trees and shrubs of every variety attain- able. He was never married, but shared his house with his nephew Mr. Frederick Canfield, whose tastes for the natural sciences were akin to those of his uncle and whose interesting family made his last years comfortable and happy. He died at his home, October 5th 1853, the immediate cause of his death being a heavy cold. It was really the general breaking up of the system by reason of old age, hastened perhaps by a stroke of paralysis which came upon him the year before. He was buried in the church yard on Succasunna Plains, where a plain monument marks his grave, bearing the inscription: " Mahlon Dick- erson, son of Jonathan and Mary Dickerson. Born April 17th 1770, died October 5th 1853. His biography is written in the Legislative, Executive and Judicial Records of his Country. ' Mark the perfect man and behold the upright; for the end of that man is peace.' " 43 324 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. General Dickerson was of fine personal appearance, standing six feet two inches high and showing the pos- session of a sound, rugged constitution. He was a hard student, devoting himself assiduously to the mastery of every subject he had to deal with. Notwithstanding the time taken by his business, public and private, he found opportunity to master several languages and attain dis- tinction as a botanist. He was eccentric in some re- spects, and regardless of his personal appearance. A lit- tle incident illustrative of this trait, as well as his care for others, is worth relating. While living in Philadel- phia a tailor brought to him a pair of pantaloons which by a mistake in the measure proved entirely too short. He was unwilling to throw them on the hands of the luckless tradesman, but had them pieced out at the bot- tom and wore them so. He was a man of the highest integrity, having the very spirit of honesty. At one time he paid his men in the bills of a bank which shortly after suspended, before the men had used their money. He at once called in the worthless currency, redeemed it vvith good, and stood the loss himself. At another time he paid a workman a trifle less than was due him; but -the man, supposing he had been overpaid, quietly left the neighborhood with what he supposed his employer's money. The general, discovering his own mistake, pursued the man on horse- back for several miles and until he overtook him. Here he lectured him on his dishonest purpose and then paid him the trifle still due him. He was not a professor of religion, but respected those who he believed were religious. It is said that on one occasion, when some persons at his table were speaking slightingly of religion and lightly of the inconsistencies of religious people, he called their attention to an excel- lent lady, known to them all, the widow of his brother Silas, with the remark that there was one person at least whose piety was unquestioned. The remark was so just that it concluded the talk on that subject. None of the decisions rendered by him while on the supreme court bench of New Jersey are found in the re- ports, there being very few cases of any kind reported at that time. He no doubt contributed to the newspapers of the day; but, otherwise than this and in his published speeches while in the Senate, he left no published work behind him. At the time of his death obituary notices were published in many of the State papers — perhaps tht best in the Trenton True American and the Newark Daily Advertiser. Short sketches of his life may be found in " The Biographical Encyclopedia of New Jersey,'' in Drake's Biographical Dictionary and in several other compendiums of biography. Several excellent portraits have been preserved of him in the Dickerson family and a small engraving has been taken from one of them. Sincere in his professions and unyielding in his con- victions of right, generous and faithful in his friendships and consistent in his political faith, his unbroken popu- larity for so many years with the people he represented can easily be accounted for. Few lives present so con- stant a succession of political services, and seldom have political honors been more worthily bestowed. The Hinchman Family. Joseph Hinchman, the first of that name of whom we have knowledge, had sons Joseph, James and William Joseph was surgeon and James surgeon's mate of an English ship of war during hostilities with the French in 1757, Joseph married Anna Grififing, Their children were John, James, Nathaniel, William and Joseph. The last named was born in Jamaica, Long Island, August 28th 1762, At that place his father established a hospital for poor persons afflicted with the smallpox, and attended them himself. He died when his son Joseph was quite young. The latter when about 16 years old enlisted in the patriot army. He was in several severe engagements, and suffered the privations and hardships of the winter en- campment at Morristown. When his term of enlistment expired he studied medicine with his uncle, James Hinchman, in Florida, Orange county, N. Y., and com- menced his medical practice at Minisink. On the 20th of December 1787 he married Zerviah Seely, a daughter of B. Seely, of Milford on the Delaware. He removed to the town of Chemung, in the county of Montgomery, afterward Tioga, in June 1788, settling upon what has since been known as the Louman farm. In 1793 or 1794 he removed to Newtown (now Elmira), where he had an extensive practice as a physician and surgeon. By a commission which is dated February i8th 1795 he was appointed by Governor George Clinton sheriff of the county of Tioga, which then comprised within its limits Chemung, the present county of Tioga, Broome and a portion of Chenango. On the 13th of November 1800 he was appointed by Governor John Jay commis- sioner to inspect and improve the road leading from Catskill landing, in the county of Greene, to Catherines- town, in the county of Tioga. In personal appearance Dr. Hinchman was of medium size and florid complexion. His manners were affable and pleasing, and at the same time his energy of character was remarkable. He died July 23d 1802, having secured to himself many warmly attached friends. Among his intimate friends not belonging to the medical profession was Guy Maxwell, one of the leading business men of the vicinity in which he lived and died, in honor of whom the doctor named oiie of his sons. Dr. Hinchman was a prominent member ot the ma- sonic order. In an upper room of his dwelling house, which was close by the old court-house, the fraternity held its regular meetings. It was there that many of the old pioneers took upon themselves the first obligations of the order. Dr. Hinchman was the first person buried in the new burying ground at Newtown. His disease was a nervous fever, of two weeks' continuance. Zerviah Hinchman, the widow of Dr. Hinchman, died May 17th 1810. The date of her birth, not before men- tioned, was October 17th 1771. Their children were: Stella, born October 25th 1788, THE LIFE OF GtJY M. HINCHMAN. 325 married John H.Avery; Lesbia, born May loth 1791, married William Piatt; Hiram, born December 2otb 1793, died December 23d 1797; Guy M., born Novem- ber 29th 1795, married Susan G. De Camp, died Febru- ary 13th 1879; Zerviah, born and died September 13th 1797; Felix, born February 21st 1799, married Catherine Palmer. G. M. HINCHMAN. Guy Maxwell Hinchman was for many years better known than any other man in Dover, perhaps than any other man in Morris county. He came into the town- ship when Dover was in its infancy, and contributed to its growth till his death, in 1879. He never held apolit- ical office, but was superintendent of the iron works of Dover, president of the Union Bank, and actively con- cerned in all the improvements and in the prosperity of the place. He was a man of extensive information, of sound judgment, and refined taste. He cultivated the choicest private flower garden in New Jersey. No profes- sional horticulturist could excel him in bringing a delicate flower to perfection. He was quite athletic in his youth, and his agility did not forsake him in his age; for in his 84th year he could mount his horse and ride as gracefully in the saddle as a juvenile equestrian. His penmanship was very superior, and to the close of life he could write and draw with the pen as perfectly as in earlier days. He died of pneumonia, after a brief sickness, Febru- ary 13th 1879, in his 84th year. During the winter months of that year he read the Bible entirely through three successive times. At his own request his former pastor. Rev. B. C. Megie, preached his funeral sermon from Gen. xxv. 8 — " He died in a good old age, an old vman and full of years." Fortunately he has left us a sketch of his life, written in March 1876, which will be found below. Though long for' these pages it will be read with interest as a biogra- phy, while at the same time it illustrates other matters of Dover history. With profound gratitude to ray Heavenly Father for his innumerable blessings, at the request of my children, I sit down in my 8ist year to record a few facts that have transpired during my long and not very eventful life. I was born in Newtown, Tioga county (now Elmira, Chemung county), in the State of New York, on the 29th day of November 1795, and received my Christian name from Guy Maxwell, merchant, a prominent citizen and among the first settlers of Newtown, and who, in consid- eration of my name, presented me with a hundred acres of land lying at the head of Seneca Lake. My parents were Joseph Hinchman and Zerviah Seely, who were united in marriage December 20th 1787. Their children were six in number, Stella, Lesbia, Guy, Zerviah, Hiram and Felix. Zerviah and Hiram died in infancy. My father was the first physician that located in Newtown, and I think the first in the county of Tioga. * * * My father died in July 1802, in the 40th year of his age, and was interred in the burying ground in the then west- ern part of the town. Now, as I am writing, I have re- ceived information that tlje remains of those interred in the old burial ground, which is now in the heart of the city, must be removed to the new Woodlawn Cemetery. The Academy of Medicine of Elmira, at a meeting held in November last, passed a resolution, and appointed a committee, of which Dr. William C. Wey is chairman, to superintend the removal of the remains of Dr. Hinch- man and Drs. Mosher and Bliss. * * * During the year 1807 my mother became the wife of Mr. Isaac Baldwin, of Chemung, and removed to his home. * * * On the J7th of May 1810 my mother died, in the 38th year of her age, and was interred by the side of my father at Newtown. I remained in Mr. Baldwin's family until the latter days of August 1810, when, as it had been my mother's request that I should reside with my uncle Mr. James Hinchman, I started in company with my uncle Samuel S. Seely for New Jersey, traveling on horseback. Our route was down the river to Wilkes-Barre, at which place we parted company, he going by way of Columbia to Philadelphia, where he had business, and I by way of Easton, Pa., distant from Wilkes-Barre 60 miles, which I accomplished between the rising and the setting of the sun. It was thought to be a good day's ride, but it was a noble horse that performed the journey. * * * The following morning early I crossed the bridge over the Delaware into New Jersey, making my way toward Succasunna Plains, ray destination, stopping at Washing- ton, 12 miles east of Easton, for breakfast. I then pro- ceeded, inquiring of persons my best route to Succasunna, but, strange to say, I could get no information until I reached Andersontown, some miles west of Hacketts- town. Late in the afternoon of that day I reached my Uncle William Hinchman's residence in Flanders; re- maining a day or two to rest, I then made my way to my Uncle James Hinchman's, at Succasunna, and at once commenced duty in my uncle's store as junior clerk — Mr. William F. Kerr and Chilion F. De Camp being seniors. I remained so employed until 1815, alternating between the store on the Plains and a supply store at Brookland, at the outlet of Lake Hopatcong, where my uncle was working a four-fire forge, a grist-mill and a saw-mill. At the close of the year 1 went to Mount Pleasant mine, to look after affairs there, my uncle hav- ing a short time previous purchased it of Moses Tuttle, Esq., for the sum of $4,000, payable in iron ore, in monthly installments. In the latter part of i8i5,or early in 1816, my uncle failed in business, as did most persons engaged in the iron business. As he had received no title for the mine he offered me his interest and that of his son John R. Hinchman. I accepted, and agreed to pay to each $900, and also to pay Mr. Moses Tuttle, in ore, the balance still due, as stipulated in their contract, which I performed, and received a title from Mr. Tuttle. I continued to work the mine for seven years. The ore was considered the best for blooming and the freest from impurities of any ore in the county. Many preferred it to Governor Dickerson's Succasunna ore; it was thought to make an iron of greater solidity. In 1816 I married Susan G. De Camp, daughter of Joseph and Jane De Camp, and we took up our residence at the mine. Her sisters and brothers being married, her mother gave up her business to her son Chilion Ford, and came to reside with us, occasionally spending some- time with other members of the family. In the fall of 1822 I sold the mine to Nathaniel Cor- win for $3,000, and in the spring of 1823 removed to New York, entering into partnership with William H. Hinchman at No. 10 South street in the wholesale gro- cery business. In 1825 William died. I continued in the same business until 1834, when my health became so impaired I was compelled to relinquish business and come to the country with my family. I spent the winter of 1835 at Longwood, in the family of Mr. Chilion F. De 326 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Camp. During the winter and early spring months my health was so much improved that at the solicitation of Mr. Henry McFarlan I accepted the superintendence of the Dover iron works, belonging to the estate of Black- well & McFarlan, which he then rented and afterward purchased. On the sth day of May 1835 I engaged in my new vocation, and continued in the supervision of said works until July 1869, when the iron business be- came very dull, and Mr. McFarlan, finding his business matters perfectly easy, not having an' obligation unma- tured or outstanding and anxious to dispose of his works, decided to close his business. During the thirty-four years that I was so engaged the most cordial intercourse existed between Mr. McFarlan and myself; in fact, I be- came so identified with the business that my feelings would not have been different had my own interest been involved, and I am happy in the belief that I had Mr. McFarlan's entire confidence. In 1835 and 1836 I resided in a house on ,the north side of Blackwell str.eet, nearly opposite the Presbyterian church. In 1837 Mr. Chilion F. De Camp built my pres- ent residence, to which I removed, renting from him until 1850, when at his solicitation I purchased the premises; at that time it embraced several lots, being 2 to feet on Blackwell street, the same on Dickerson street, and in depth 275 feet. January 29th 1841 I was elected president of the Union Bank of Dover, and continued as such untill 1866, when the taxes on capital were so much increased that the stockholders believed that the capital could be used to better advantage than in banking, and the bank went in- to liquidation. All its bills and indebtedness were promptly paid. Straggling bills continued to be pre- sented for nearly ten years, and though debarred at the latter time by limitation they were all promptly paid. I have been mercifully granted health and strength to enjoy niy many years of happiness. United to an amia- ble, loving wife of unerring judgment, who was ever the sunshine of the household, happy in our children and our friends, our home was the abode of comfort and peace. Our first affliction was the death of our little son Felix, in New York; and the next the death of our daughter Stella, the wife of Charles E. Noble. On the 27th of February 1875 my beloved wife died, after an illness of six days, aged 77 years and 10 days. Nine children were born to us: an infant, dying soon after birth, Zerviah and Felix were born at Mount Pleasant; Augustus, Jane, Louisa and Stella were bom in New York city; an infant, dying soon after birth, and Fronie were born in Dover, where I now reside. In my boyhood and early manhood I was very active engaging in all the pastimes and sports, such as wrestling! jumping, hopping, running, skating, hunting, swimming^ etc., etc., and I became tolerably expert in all. I be- came fond of the rifle and fowling gun, was an expert shot at birds on the wing, and made some as good target shooting as was made in those days, using a rifle now in my possession, " Old Hickory," that I purchased of a staunch Jackson man, at the Thatched Cottage garden at Jersey City; firing ten shots at too yards measuring less than five inches in the aggregate from the center of the bullseye, whose diameter was two inches. On the same afternoon I witnessed shooting by "Davy Crockett, of Kentucky fame." He was then in Congress; a plain sensi- ble man, and by no means the rough character he was fre- quently described as being — the only thing remarkable in his apparel was a cameo breastpin with the head of Wash- ington, about three inches in diameter. His poise when shooting exhibited his familiarity with the rifle. He shot well on that occasion, but complained that the gun was different from those he had been accustomed to use. Joshua H. Butterworth. Joshua H. Butterworth came to Dover from Massa- chusetts about the year 1839. He was a skillful machin- ist, and he engaged in the service of Henry McFarlan, proprietor of the Dover rolling-mills and spike and iron mills. The machines in these mills were constructed by him, or under his supervision, and he was the superin- tendent of the works. Not only was he a mechanic of rare skill and ability, btit he possessed a fertile inventive genius. He made many useful inventions, prominent among which was a combination lock for safes. This ought to have secured for him a fortune; but he was like many great inventors — he did not possess the ability to bring his inventions properly before the public and make them available for his own benefit. He left to others the management of the matter, and failed to derive from it any returns. He invented a very ingenious ma- chine for -making spikes, and heading and pointing them automatically. He was also the inventor of a machine for making boiler rivets. For this machine, which made rivets very rapidly, he applied for a patent; but by rea- son of some mismanagement his application failed. He accumulated a fortune of about $20,000. Mr. Butterworth was twice married. By his first mar- riage he had one son. His second wife was Mary Car- roll, daughter of James B. Carroll. She is still living. He died in 1879, after suffering from bad health during a year. Thomas B. Segur. Thomas B. Segur, a merchant of Utica, N. Y., came to Dover in 1832 at the request of Anson G. Phelps to take charge of the Union Bank of Dover, which was or- ganized that year. . Mr. Segur continued to be its cash-# ier till his death, which occurred in 1854. He was an excellent officer; during the twenty-four years of his service the bank doubled its capital, and it was said the institution never lost a dollar while he was cashier. A few weeks before his death William E. Dodge, the son- in-law of Anson G. Phelps, deceased, called together the directors, who made to the family a donation of $5,000 as an expression of their appreciation of the cashier's valuable services. Mr. Segur was a man of great activ- ity, and he took a leading part in the moral enterprises of the day. His zeal in the Sunday-school department, in missions, in the Bible cause, dnd especially in the tem- perance reform was untiring. Soon after coming to Dover he organized a temperance society for the town; and the next year he organized the Morris County Tem- perance Society, which led to the formation of temper- ance societies in all the other townships. He infused such energy into this movement that it commanded pub- lic attention and produced an extensive reformation. It was customary at that day to sell intoxicating drinks in ordinary country stores. Through his zealous and per- sistent efforts this practice was given up in every store in Dover, and for years the tavern was the only place where liquor could be obtained. Temperance meetings were held monthly, and the executive committee met weekly and all ^'a^^H&ctiewets,^'' ■^^^XlZ-^^-T^t^'-ty^iyy^/^ It <>^ ower Hibernia over fs,ooo was expended in 1880 in a new and commodious school building, fitted up with steam heaters, and it has been under the supervision of J. Seward Lampson, of Dover, as principal since 1875. The new school grounds have been, graded and very neatly arranged with walks, grass plats and flower beds — all the work of the children; so that they present an at- tractive appearance, entirely free from the usual un- sightly character of school-house surroundings. In 1874 the total value of school property in the township was rated at $23,550, and the total number of children between the ages of five and eighteen was 2,155. The average monthly pay of a male teacher was $59.44, and that of a female teacher, $39.74. In 1880 the value of school property was rated at $20,000 (no doubt the re- sult of depressed valuations}, and the total number of children was 2,307. The average monthly pay of male teachers was $48.60, and that of female teachers $34.04. Mills, Distilleries, etc. There were several grist-mills in operation at conven- ient points in the early days of the township; in fact water power was so abundant that nearly every farm could get up a water supply of its own, and the "old mill" was to be seen a hundred years ago. We have not been able to learn which was the oldest of the many then ex- isting; but at all events, wherever a settlement was made a grist-mill was as necessary as a bake-oven. A whole day was generally occupied in " going to mill," as the customer had to take his turn and wait for the " grist " and take it home the same day. We find that Moses Tuttle, of Mt. Pleasant, and Isaac Winchill were in partnership in owning a grist-mill at Rockaway prior to 1761; because at that time they built a new dam across the Rockaway River, below the pres- ent rolling-mills, for their grist-mill, then already erected, which was located at the Pond Meadow, and is now part MILLS, DISTILLERIES AND HOTELS IN ROCKAWAY. 355 of the Halsey property, and used for a wagon house. The present mill property owned by E. D. Halsey was built by his father, Judge Samuel B. Halsey, in 1854 and 1855- At Powerville the Hopler milLwas known prior to 1800, and was located above the present mill. In April 1802 Conrad Hopler sold to Joseph Scott, in consideration of $95°; 19 acres of land and the mills (grist-mill and saw- mill), and on the 4th of March 1804 Joseph Scott sold one-half of this mill property to Benjamin Beach of Horse Pond, and the other half to his son John Scott. Benja- min Beach was the father of Dr. Columbus Beach, and was a large land-owner in and around Beach Glen, where he had a grist-mill. It stood in front of the present dwelling house on Dr. Beach's farm, and about the only visible evidence of its existence is the pond bed extend- ing up the Glen toward Hibernia. This mill was the most convenient one to that part of the township which lies around Hibernia, Egbert's Corner, Greenville and Mer- iden. Martin Hiler built a grist-mill on the small stream east of his house, which is the old stone house on the left side of the road after crossing Peer's lock, toward Powerville. This mill has been out of use nearly fifty years, and nothing now remains of the structure. After Martin died his son Peter Hiler carried on the milling business in the same place. Aaron Miller owned and operated a grist-mill and saw- mill at Rockaway Valley. He lived in the old stone house where the widow of Cyrus Dixon now lives. This mill was lower down the stream than the present mill, which was built by Cyrus Dixon, and is known as Dixon's mills. The Miller saw-mill stood where the Dixon grist-mill is. Town meetings were held at the Miller residence for many years. Before the town was divided it required two days to vote at the fall elections, and one day was given for the Miller place, and one for Rockaway or Denville. The spring elections were held at Miller's every other year. No ballots were used at the spring election. The moderator mounted a dry goods box, or more frequently a cart, and decided the voting by counting the supporters of the candidates as the tivo groups stood on the opposite sides of a rail placed on the ground to divide them. In 1820 Abijah Conger, who was a carpenter, erected a cider-mil! and distillery on the north side of the road leading from Dover to Franklin, opposite the new dwel- ling house of Henry B. Palmer. The mill has gone down and no business has been carried on there for many years past. A cider-mill and distillery was owned by Matthias Kit- chel near Denville, about 1820, and was carried on by him many years. He was assisted by Mr. Glover, then liv- ing on the Glover farm near Denville, and was the builder of the large residence on the farm, now used as the Cath- olic protectory school. Mr. Glover found a market for the product of this distillery in the South principally, and died in one of his visits to that part of the United States. It is related of him that he was very fond of apple whiskey; he would occsionally call on Col. Joseph Jackson at Rockaway, who was a strictly temperate man and opposed to the drinking customs of the day, and on one occasion on leaving — not seeing the favorite bever- age — asked the colonel what he should tell his folks he had good to drink, and was told to report indulgence in a drink of Col. Jackson's spring water as the best his hospitality afforded. John Hinchman, who was first to open a store at Den- ville, also built a cider distillery west of his store, near the present brick store. James L. Davenport put up a distillery on his farm at Green Pond a few years ago and is now operating it. Thomas Green's distillery at Denville was erected about 42 years ago, and is the principal one in the township at this time. It is worked by steam power. George Ayres erected one 14 years ago, on the farm of his father, Wil- liam Ayres, east of Pigeon Hill, which is run by water power. These are the only ones existing in this township. There were three tanneries: one at Denville, on the north side of the river near the Glover farm, worked by David Hill; one at Rockaway, near the old wheelwright shop of Beach & Son, opposite the Mount Hope ore dump, carried on by Henry Berry, father of Titus Berry, of Dover; and one near Mt. Pleasant, known as the Baker tannery, on the Jeremiah Baker homestead. Mr. Baker commenced his tannery in 1792, and carried it on personally nearly 70 years, when it came into the hands of his two sons, William H. Baker and Henry Baker. Jeremiah Baker died in 1861, aged 91 years. Hotels. One of the first hotels opened in the township was erected in 1790 by Thomas Day, on the spot now occu- pied by the dwelling of James L. Davenport, at the upper end of Green Pond, and about an eighth of a mile from Mr. Davenport's present hotel. Mr. Davenport, who has kept the hotel many years, informs us that Mr. Day was not successful in his enterprise; in 1832 Enos Davenport, father of our informant, moved into the Day hotel, from Milton, intending to furnish it, but the next year moved back to Milton, owing to the many snakes infesting the premises, which rendered it necessary to keep a lookout wherever one went. Mrs. Davenport encountered in their yard a rattlesnake with nineteen rattles, which she dispatched. In 1833 John Allison, with the assistance of William Scott, opened this hotel. Scott was then working the Hibernia forge and mines, and coaling on several wood jobs in that neighborhood, and his hotel was made headquarters. In 1842 Allison built the Davenport hotel, near the lake, and remained until 1844, when James L. Davenport came there and en- larged it, and from that time to this he has been a popu- lar and successful landlord, known far and near. In the summer of 1881 he enlarged the house and improved it generally, making it able to accommodate at least one hundred boarders, His principal guests are sum- mer boarders, who are attracted there by the pleasant healthy and retired location. 356 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. David Smith, now 84 years of age, residing near Green Pond, says that the Denville Hotel was built by John Hinchman in 181 1, and that he assisted in the raising of the framework. The original Denville Hotel was on the site of the residence of the late Stephen B. Cooper; Samuel Ketchum was the first landlord. Company train- ing day was observed there under the old militia law of the State; brigade training was at Dover or Parsippany. A toll-gate was kept across the Parsippany and Rockaway turnpike for several years in front of the hotel. David Menagh was proprietor of this hotel for many years, and was a kind hearted, obliging and popular landlord. He died in April 1871, His widow remained in the hotel until her death, about ten years later. Moses Tuttle was licensed by the Morris county court, at the December term of 1771, to keep a tavern, and this was in all probability at Mount Pleasant, on a spot very near the present residence of Je'^se S. Langdon. The Tuttle house was a long frame building, two stories high, with a porch the entire length, and stood on the east side of the turnpike. At the July term of 1773 Bernard Smith was licensed to keep a tavern at Rockaway. About that time he bought and lived in the Gaston house, nearly opposite the Dr. Jackson house. The present hotel at Rockaway was not opened until after the Morris Canal was constructed. The first struc- ture stood on the site of the present hotel, and was com- menced by William Conger son of Thomas Conger, who with his three sons was a manufacturer of edge tools at Rockaway. William Conger progressed with the hotel as far as the raising of the framework, and then it came into the hands of Joseph C. Righter, who completed it about 52 years ago. The first landlord was Joseph, son of James Jackson, according to one informant; according to another authority a Colonel Reading was the first. David Menagh was proprietor for several years before taking the Denville hotel. Morris McCarty, and after his death his son C. A. McCarty, were successful and popular landlords at this hotel for many years. It was enlarged and improved under the last named gentle- man. Soldiers of the Revolution. Rockaway township had many patriots in the war of the Revolution. We have the names of some of them, and there were no doubt many whose names and acts are lost. First among them is General William Winds, of whom mention has been made in a previous part of this history. Jacob Ford jr. was appointed colonel Jan- uary 13th 1776, and died of pneumonia at Morristown, January loth 1777. Colonel John Munson, Lieutenant- Colonel Robert Gaston, Captain Stephen Baldwin, Cap- tain Job Allen, Captain Elijah Freeman and Lieutenant- Colonel Benoni Hathaway were from Rockaway. The names of Munson, Gaston and Allen appear on the Rock- way church records. Daniel Dickerson, the grandfather of Stephen Dicker- son, of Denville, was a Revolutionary soldier. He lived on the Stephen Dickerson farm, now owned by the Den- ville Camp Meeting Association, and died in 1830, aged Sr or 86. He was also a soldier in the French war. Besides operating his farm he was a bloomer for John Jacob Faesch at Old Boonton. James Kitchel was a soldier in the Revolution, and drew a pension as such. He lived on the road leading from Rockaway to Powerville, opposite Hubbard S. Stickle's farm, in a stone house. The walls of the residence are still standing, all the woodwork being destroyed by fire about ten years ago. He was the father of the late Matthias Kitchel. Matthias Zeek says he was very fond of hunting and kept several hounds, and would often bring in a deer from the; Hibernia Mountains. He saw him shoot a deer one morning very near the spot where the Hibernia store now stands. Kitchel rode up on a fine gray horse, and, seeing the deer, jumped from the horse and fired; by some unexpected spring of the horse one buckshot went through the horse's neck and the others brought down the deer. Jame? Kitchel died about forty years ago. Jacob Walton was a Revolutionary soldier. He was an uncle of Agnes Walton, still living and who gave this with other information. He was never lieard from after he enlisted and went from home. He was the son of John Walton before named. Such men as the Kitchels, the Condits, the Beaches, the Dickersons, the Howells, the De Harts, the Jacksons, the Tuttles and others of like patriotism came to the country's rescue, and shared in its hardships and glories. Secret Societies. The oldest society we have any knowledge of is that which was organized during the war of independence. Its name was " The Association of Whigs in Pequan- nock Township in 1776." It was a committee of safety organized by the freeholders and inhabitants of Pequan- nock township, and is further spoken of in the history of Pequannock. Rockaway Lodge, No. 68, Independent Order of Odd Fellows was organized July 22nd 1852, under the act in- corporating societies for benevolent and charitable pur- poses only. Freeman Wood was the first president, Thomas M. Sturtevant vice-president, Jacob Powers sec- retary and treasurer. This is the only local secret soci- ety which is regularly incorporated under the laws of the State. 2'he Ancient Order of Hibernians is a benevolent asso- ciation at Hibernia, which has been in existence for some time. A similar society was formed at Mount Hope about thirteen years ago. It owned a hall, and was in a flourishing condition for some time, but it being a secret society, and a majority of its members belonging to the Roman Catholic parish, the Catholic church opposed it, on the ground that, if it was not actually in- imical to the Roman Catholic church, it was contrary to its spirit; the opposition led to the disbandment of the society, and St. Bernard's church took its property. The Mount Hope Catholic Benevolent Society came into existence about six years ago, and The Mount Hope BUSINESS CORPORATIONS OF ROCKAWAY TOWNSHIP. 357 Temperance Society aboul: twelve years ago; both are still in operation. Business Corporations. The Morris Canal, passing through Rockaway, and in fact traversing the whole township, from Powerville on the east to the John Dickerson farm on the west, was the making of Rockaway village. This is admitted by all who knew the place prior to that time. Rockaway was the headquarters of the iron interests of the county. Its rich mineral productions and manufactured iron had a slow and expensive process of getting to market, and at this time Rockaway was in danger of being obliged to abandon one of its most extensive branches of indus- try for this reason. The canal was constructed as related on previous pages, and about 1830 became the only medium of transporation to and from Newark for all kinds of merchandise, and Rockaway was one of the many places benefited by it. The next enterprise was the construction of the Mor- ris and Essex (now the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western) Railroad, which in 1848 gave communication to the seaboard by rail. The Rockaway Manufacturing Company was incorpor- ated on the 15th of February 1837, for the purpose of manufacturing iron, cotton and wool in all their branches, wirh power to negotiate with the Morris Canal Company for water to run the proposed mills. Joseph Jackson, Stephen J. Jackson and Samuel B. Halsey were the in- corporators. Nothing was done toward putting the plan in operation. Not discouraged, however, the same parties, with an addition or two, procured another char- ter, in the name of Joseph Jackson, Stephen J. Jackson and John Mott as corporators, under a like corporate name, for the purpose of manufacturing iron only; and Joseph Jackson, Samuel B. Halsey, John Mott and Free- man Wood were appointed commissioners to open books and receive subscriptions td the capital stock. This charter was granted on the 14th of February 1843, to continue in force twenty years, and, like its predecessor^ the enterprise was permitted to become extinct from neglect. On the 12th of February 1855 a third company was incorporated under the same name, with Freeman Wood, George Hand Smith, Lyman A. Chandler, Theodore T. Wood and Nathaniel Mott as corporators, for the pur- pose of making iron and steel at Rockaway. The char- ter was to continue in force thirty years. This company was in operation several years, and enlarged the rolling- mills, expending a large amount of capital; but was not successful, and finally closed the mills, and gave up to its creditors. These were the mills first established by Col. Jackson, but of course with larger facilities for carrying on the iron business in all its branches. The American Swedes Iro/t Company, operating the " Judson steel and iron works," was incorporated on the 26th of February 1868, consisting of Adrian B. Judson, James L. Baldwin and George Neemus. This concern became the lessee of the rolling-mills at Rockaway and carried on its business for some time with more or less success in producing iron and steel, but at a loss of cap- ital, and finally closed its fires, and for the last ten years has been practically out of existence. The works, how- ever, have been operated during that time by various parties in the manufacture of both iron and steel. For the last two years the mills have been in charge of Joel Wilson, of Dover, who i=i the inventor of the " Wilson direct process " and has been enlisting the attention of some New York capitalists in the development of this process of making iron and steel. The company is called 'The American Swedes Iron Company," and is at the present time perfecting its machinery, which will work a revolution in the manufacture of iron. Mr. Wil- son, who is superintendent, informs us that the process is sufficiently satisfactory to induce the parties to invest quite a large capital to increase the product. He claims to have developed a furnace that will produce a superior quality of iron in bars direct from the ore, thereby sav- ing the entire cost of making the ore into pig metal be- fore making it into bars. The company is now running four Catalan forge fires, making charcoal iron, and two puddling furnaces. The furnaces are for working the iron ore direct into wrought iron, and the fuel used in the manufacture of this iron is petroleum, which Mr. Wilson claims makes a better iron than mineral coal, and with a saving of at least 20 per cent, in fuel. All the iron thus made at the Rockaway mill is sold for the manufacture of crucible steel. The ore used is black sand from the ere beds, procured at present from Block Island and the east end of Long Isl- and. It is separated from all impurities by a magnetic machine invented by C. G. Buchanan, of Rockaway; put in bags on the beach, and shipped to the Rockaway works. The Union foundry in Rockaway, owned by Mahlon Hoagland, is manufacturing these separators. The Iron Bank of Rockaway was duly incorporated on the 20th of August 1855 under the general State law, with a capital of 3,000 shares of $50 each. All the shares were subscribed for, as follows: 2,000 were taken by George P. Williams, of Hoboken; 300 by Freeman Wood, of Rockaway; 596 by Charles Sanford, of New York; 100 by Nathaniel Mott, of Rockaway; and one share each by Elisha Mott, S. S. Beach jr., John Mott and Stephen Estile, all of Rockaway. Freeman Wood was the first president of the bank, which did business three or four years at Rockaway and then, by an act of the Legislature passed in 1858, was authorized to remove its location to Morristown, where it has since done a prosperous business. In May 1858, after the removal of the Iron Bank to Morristown, another banking association was formed under the State law, under the name of the Rockaway Bank, for the purpose of carrying on the banking busi- ness at Rockaway. The capital stock of 1,000 shares was subscribed, but the enterprise ended v.-ith the cer- tificate, and no business was ever transacted. "The Union Hall Association of Rockaway " was incor- porated in March 1869, the incorporators being'Barnabas 358 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. K. Stickle, J. Mills Mattox, Stephen B. Cooper, John B. Lt)nsbury, Robert Richards, Samuel Tippet and Jacob P. Stickle, and the purpose being to erect a hall for the use of societies, lyceums, public meetings, concerts, etc. Water Power Companies. — The Rockaway River has not been forgotton by our legislators, but has been the subject of several acts, in relation to the regulation of fishing, the removal of obstructions to the free' course of its waters, and the creation of water power companies. This last class of legislation commenced about 1839, but we cannot learn that any capital was invested in these en- terprises. The Hibernia Mine Railroad Company was incorporat- ed on the 1 8th of March 1863. Its corporators were Abram S. Hewitt, Edward Cooper, Dudley B. Fuller, George T. Cobb, Theodore T. Wood, Charles Jackson jr., George Richards, Thomas E. Allen, Joseph C. Kent, and Charles Hewitt. They had a capital stock of $25,000, with liberty to increase it to $100,000, and to build a railroad from the Hibernia mines to any point on the Morris Canal in Morris county; also to connect with the Morris and Essex Railroad and to build spurs to any adjacent iron mine in the county. The road was built and fully equipped for transporting iron ores from the Hibernia mines to the Morris canal by horse power. In March 1868, by a supplement to its charter, the company was authorized to use steam for the transportation of freight and passengers over the road, and the road has since then been in operation with steam power. In 1871 its capital stock was increased to $200,000. In March 1866 the Mount Hope Mineral Railroad Com- pany was incorporated, with a capital stock of $200,000, and power to build a road from the Mount Hope mines to the Morris and Essex Railroad and Morris Canal, and to construct spurs to other mines. This road was built, connecting with the Morris and Essex at Port Oram in Randolph township, and running to the Mount Hope mines in Rockaway township, taking in the Richards, Allen and Teabo mines, with a spur to the Mount Pleasant and Baker mines, all in Rockaway. The ores from these mines have since then been carried over this road. In 1867 the company was empowered, by an amendment to its charter, to extend its road to the Hibernia mines. This extension has not been carried out. Practically it was of no benefit to the company for' transporting ore, as the Hibernia Railroad was then carrying all the product of the Hibernia and adja- cent mines. The Dover and Rockaway Railroad Coijipany was or- ganized in 1879, under the general railroad law of the State, and in the summer and winter of 1880 and 1881 built a road from Port Oram (then the terminus of the Longwood Valley branch of the Central of New Jer- sey), to Rockaway, and opened the same for passenger and freight trafific in May 1881. The village of Rockaway is now the terminus of this new road, having its outlet by way of the Longwood Val- ley and High Bridge branches over the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and also connecting at Rockaway with the Hibernia, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and West- ern Railroad. All the Hibernia ores are carried over this new road to the furnaces in Pennsylvania. Piccatinny Powder Depot.— li is proper to mention in this connection the recent purchases of lands at Middle forge and Denmark by the United States government for powder works. The name of this establishment is the " Piccatinny Powder Depot," and it is about three miles from Rockaway, in the Green Mountain or Middle Forge Valley. Here in rural seclusion, with the Green Pond Mountains on one side and the Mt. Hope and Hickory Hills on the other, it is proposed to build large magazines for storage and mills for the manufacture of gunpowder. Nearly 1,900 acres of land, mountain and valley, wooded and cultivated, were purchased of differ- ent owners in 1880 and 1881. A beautiful lake no acres in extent occupies a central point, with Piccatinny Peak frowning down on it, and with the waters of Green Pond and Denmark Pond flowing through it. In 1879 searches and surveys for suitable tracts of land for the above purposes were made in different direc- tions around New York, and, none presenting ihe desired facilities and advantages to the degree presented by the Middle forge and surroundings, it was finally settled upon and purchase was made of several large tracts of land, including the John E. Kindred and Uhel H. Wig- gins farms. Suitable buildings of brick and stone have been commenced, and as fast as the appropriations are made by Congress this picturesque place will be beauti- fied and transformed into one of those trim military posts which are occupied as arsenals and depots of sup- plies of war material. About one hundred and fifty men are now employed. The whole work in all its branches is under the charge of Major F. H. Parker, Ordnance Department, United States army, who has his headquar- ters at Dover. On the 22nd of November 1879 the Split Rock Forge and Mining Company ^sa incorporated under the general act of the State, with a capital of $20,000 furnished by some New York parties. The company operated at Split' Rock for a year or so, under leases from the estate of the late Andrew B. Cobb; but, becoming involved, the con- cern went into the hands of Frederick H. Beach, of Do- ver, as receiver. The works are now operated by Wil- liam D. Marvel, of New York city, who was a chattel mortgage creditor and sold all the concern under a fore- closure of his claim. The Denmark Land and Improvement Company., which was a New York enterprise, was started six years ago, with a view to purchasing the lands around Green Pond, building roads, laying out building lots, making improve- ments, and speculating generally. This company spent a large amount of money, and built a very expensive wagon road from Denmark Pond up the north side of the stream to Green Pond, and also constructed a railroad along the mountain to facilitate work, which shows con- siderable engineering skill and enterprise. Land went up to a high figure in that neighborhood during the time the company was in operation; but it proved an imprac- THE PATRIOT DEAD OF ROCKAWAY TOWNSHIP. 359 ticable scheme,, and was finally abandoned, and all the improvements are fast assuming the original wildness of the country. Rockaway's Union Soldiers. From Hon. Edmund D. Halsey we have received all the information we present in relation to the war rec- ord of Rockaway in the late Rebellion. Mr. Hal- sey is historian of the Rockaway Soldier-s' Association and has given the names of the soldiers for publication, and our part will be confined principally to the financial history of the township in relation to the war. The rolls show that about one-third of the whole adult male population enlisted in the service, and of these one out of every three did not live to return. Money as well as men was liberally given. In the second year of the war, about July 1862, a subscription was started to raise a fund to distribute among the vol- unteers, to promote enlistments. It met with such success that $3,013.89 was soon subscribed. Part of this fund was paid to six men of Company H nth N. J., part to six men of Company C 15th N. J., part to 16 men of Company F 15th N. J., and the balance to 92 men who enlisted in Company L 27th N. J. (entirely com- posed of Rockaway men). The ladies of the township raised on the 4th of July 1863 $300 for distribution among the families of the soldiers. Owing to the large number of men from Rockaway township who enlisted in other places the quota of the town under the call of 1864 was quite heavy. The town issued scrip to the amount of $33,600 to 96 men, by a vote of the people; and when, by the proclamation of December 19th 1864, it appeared that 300,000 men were required, and that the quota of Rockaway was 20, the people at once voted to give to these men the same as the former quota received. Before the quota was completed the war practically closed, so that $35,000 was the entire sum thus' paid in scrip, and before the close of the year 187 1 every dollar of this scrip, principal and interest, had been paid by the town. The following is Mr. Halsey's record of the volunteers from Rockaway who lost their lives in the service: Company L 27//^ TV. J. Volunteeis. — Nineteen members who were drowned in the Cumberland River, May 6th 1863, near Somerset, Ky., viz.: Joseph Class, Jesse De Mouth, Lemuel De Graw, James H. Fuller, Lewis O. Green, Barnabas K. Miller, John McCloskey, Edward Nichols, William Ocabock, William Weaver, Thomas Odell, James O'Neil, Gideon Bostedo, Ralston Peer, Wilson Pittenger, George Shawger, Eliakim Sanders, Samuel H. Smith and James Shaw. Others of the same company: William Howell, died April nth 1863, at Baltimore, of fever; John Tenike, died March 31st 1863, at Chesapeake Hospital, of pneu- monia; Lewis Ward, discharged July 2nd 1863 with his company, died August 27th following, of disease con- tracted in the service; Sergeant James M. Freeman, died June 8th 1863, of typhoid fever, at Sherward Hospital, Hickman's Bridge, Ky.; James H. CoUerd, died January 8th 1863, of typhoid fever, at Washington, D. C; Jos- eph De Graw, died May 2nd 1863, at camp near Stan- ford, Ky., of dysentery; William De Mouth, died March ist 1863, at camp near Newport News, Va., of chronic diarrhoea; Thomas De Mouth, died January 26th 1863, in hospital at Washington, D. C; William Haycock, died March 15th 1863, at Newport News. Company B 27M N. J. Volunteers. — William Duly, died February 20th 1863, at Newport News, Va., of disease. First N . J. Volunteers. — Clifton Peer, Company K, dis- charged for disability, August 15th 1864; died February 5th 1865, from disease contracted in the service. Fifth N. J. Volunteers.— Charles Spencer, Company D, died June 14th 1864, at Fairfax Seminary, Va. Seventh Al'. J. Volunteers.-\N\\\\&m Thompson, Company K, killed September 26th 1864, by sharpshooters, before Petersburg, Va. George Wesley Peer, Company K, died May 13th 1862, at Yorktown, Va. Samuel Farrand Kitchel, Company C (transferred from Company K), died at Andersonville, Ga., September 12th 1864. Elijah D. Bruen, Company C (transferred from Company K), died at Madison while on furlough, June 7th 1865, of disease contracted in the service. George Washington Blakely, Company K, died July 28th 1862, at St. Luke's Hospital, N. Y. John Spear, Company C (transferred from Com- pany K), died December 14th 1864, in hospital at Wash- ington, D. C; had previously served in Company L 27th N. J. John R. Lyon, Company K, died September 3d 1862, of wounds received August 29th at Bristow Station, Va. Gilbert D. Blanchard, Company C (transferred from Company K), died August 13th 1864, of dropsy, at An- dersonville, Ga. Eighth N. J. Volunteers. — Henry Weaver, Company A, discharged on account of wounds August 15th 1865; died at home, December 27th 1866, from the effect of wounds. Anson R. Waer, Company A, killed July 2nd 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa. Jacob M. Kinney, Company A, taken prisoner at hospital at Fair Oaks, Va., June 28th 1862, and died at Belle Isle, Va., of privation, August 5th 1862. William H. Gard, Company I, died of fever at Yorktown, Va., June 5th 1862. John W. Palmer, Company A, died of fever at Bottom's Bridge,Va., June 23d 1862. Thomas Jefferson Huyler, Company A, killed in battle May 3d 1863, at Chancellorsville, Va. Ninth N. J . Vohmteers. — Hampton Whitehead, Com- pany E, died at Brickyard Hospital, Newbern, N. C, March 17th 1862, of wounds received in action at New- bern. James Dougherty, Company C; enlisted Septem- ber loth 1861, died of dysentery, August 3d 1864, at Andersonville, Ga. Eleventh N. J. Volunteers. — Sergeant Eliphalet Sturte- vant. Company E, died at Gettysburg, July 13th 1863, from wounds received in battle July 2nd; Thomas Tin- ney, Company E, killed by a shell July 2nd 1863, at Gettysburg; Cyrus L. Talmadge, Company E, died Sep- tember 2nd 1864, at Andersonville, Ga., of starvation while a prisoner; Joshua Beach, Company E, died August ist 1864, at Andersonville prison; Daniel H. Palmer, Company E, died June 23d 1863, from wounds received at Chancellorsville May 3d 1863; Columbus M. Shaw- ger, Company E, died of typhoid fever at Falmouth, Va., March 29th 1863; Abram Stickle, Company D, died at Trenton, August 20th 1862; Richard Henderson, Com- pany H, died December 30th 1862, near Fredericksburg, Va., of inflammation of the lungs. Fifteenth N. J. Volunteers. — Jeremiah Haycock, Com- pany C, died May 9th 1864, at Spottsylvania Court-house of wounds received in action the day before; Alfred B. Jackson, Company D, enlisted January 2nd 1864, killed in action May 8th 1864; John Moran, Company D, died May 12th 1864, of wounds received on the 8th at Spott- sylvania; Bernard *Johnson, Company D, died May 20th 1864, of wounds received on the 8th at Spottsylvania ; Felix Cash, Company F, lost an arm in battle May 3d 360 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. 1863 at Salem Heights, and died from the effects of the amputation May isth; George D. Foulds, Company F, killed at " the Angle " at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12th 1864; Benajah D. Waer, Company F, died May 9th 1863, at White Oak Church, Va. Thirty-ninth N. J. Volunteers. — Abraham Earls, Com- pany K, died May 6th 1865, at Alexandria, Va., of wounds received at Petersburg, Va. First N. J. Cavalry. — Edwin Zeek, Company E, en- listed September 28th 1864, died of fever January i8th 1865, in hospital at Petersburg, Va.; William R. Shores, Company D, killed April 6th 1865, at Farmville, near Appomattox Court-House, Va.; Lemuel O. Smith, Com- pany E, killed April 9th 1865, ne'ar Appomattox Court- House. Second N. J. Cavalry. — Elijah Struble, Company C, died June 4th 1864, at White's Stafion, Tenn., of typhoid fever. Third N. J. Cavalry. — John T. Heminover, enlisted December 5th 1863 in Company E; died while a prisoner of war at Salisbury, N. C, December 4th 1864. Battery B 1st N. J. Artillery. — Mahlon Stickle, dis- charged August ist 1862 for disability, died September ist 1862; Jacob P. Stickle, discharged November ist 1862 for disability; died at Boonton. Belonging to Regiments of Other States. — Jabez Winget, Company D 70th N. Y., shot through the head at Wil- liamsburgh, Va., May 5th 1862; William H. Stickle, Company D 70th N. Y., killed in battle May 5th 1862, at Williamsburgh, Va.; Edward L. Marsh, Company E 38th N. Y., captured at the first Bull Run battle, taken to Libby prison, and there suffered such hardships that he died at home May 30th 1862; Joseph E. Dickerson, Com- pany A 2nd N. Y. cavalry, died February 3d 1862, at Ar- lington Heights, from starvation on Belle Island; Chileon Odell, Company A loist N. Y., killed August 29th 1862, at Bull Run, Va.; Edward Smith, Company F 66th N. Y., died February ist 1862; John Henry Beach, 135th Indiana, died June 30th 1864, at Bridgeport, Ala.; Ed- ward Barnes, Company C 4th Wis. cavalry, died May 8th 1864, at Baton Rouge, La. business he was a large landowner, owning at the time much of the site of Dover. He was also extensively en- gaged in iron manufacture. He was a man of great in- dustry, very conscientious and just in his dealings with his fellow men. He was a liberal supporter of the Rock- away Presbyterian church, of which he was a mem- ber more than forty years. In 1798 he was married to Mary, daughter of Andrew King. She was born June 9th 1778. Their children were Andrew K., Henry, Elizabeth (who married James B. Carle), William H., Nancy W. (Mrs. William H. Spencer), Phebe H. (wife of John De Hart of Parsippany), and Margaret. Henry Baker was born at the homestead near Dover, April 29th 1801. He was reared a tanner and shoe- maker, but as he grew older he engaged extensively in other departments of business in partnership with his brother William H. They jointly carried on the busi- ness of tanning and currying, milling, and manufac- turing iron, as well as farming. They wer6 also joint owners of several valuable iron mines. Mr. Baker was married October 30th 1869, to Lydia J. Jenners. They have no children. He has always been a resident of the town in which he was born, and by industry, energy and perseverance he has acquired an ample competency. Colonel Joseph Jackson. BIOGRAPHICAL. Henry Baker. The Baker family of which the subject of this sketch (as well a« William H., whose biography appears else- where) was a member is of English descent. The ear- liest history of the family in this country dates from the settlement of Easthampton, on Long Island, where Thomas Baker, who had emigrated from England, first settled some time previous to 1700, and from which place he removed to Connecticut Farms (now Union), where he died. Jeremiah Baker, the father of Henry, was born Au- gust 28th 1770, near Westfield, N. J., where his father, Henry Baker, resided. He learned his trade of tanner and currier and also that of shoemaker with his brother- in-law, Ziba Ludlow, at Mendham, N. J., and removed to near Mt. Pleasant (in what was then Pequannock township), near Dover, in June 1792. Here, having worked at his trade about two years, he bought the property of Josiah Beman, built a tannery, and car- ried on the business until he was succeeded by his sons Henry and William H. In addition to his tanning Colonel Joseph Jackson, of whom it may be said he was the founder of Rockaway village, was a son of Ste- phen Jackson and Mary Burwell, and was born March. 8th 1774, in the log house on the north bank of the river a mile above the village, where his grandfather Joseph Jackson had lived and died. At his birth there were but five houses in Rockaway. His early education was con- ducted by George Harris, of whom mention has been made, w;ho taught the first school in Rockaway. He was one of the six children of Captain Stephen Jackson, who headed the school subscription list. December loth 1792 his name was entered on the roll of the Morris Academy (of which his father was a proprietor), and while at the academy surveying and French were part of his studies. He made practical use of his surveying, and became skilled in the use of the compass. Having left the acad- emy in April 1793, he engaged in his father's business, at first as assistant and subsequently as his partner. May 13th 1802 Colonel Jackson was married in New York to Eliza Piatt Ogden, eldest daughter of Robert Ogden, of Sparta, N. J. On the 29th of November 1796 he succeeded in getting a post-office established in Rockaway, and was postmas- ter until 1843, when President Tyler removed him. Feb- ruary 26th i8oi he was appointed major of the ist bat- talion 3d regiment Morris militia, and in 1804 lieutenant colonel of the 3d regiment N. J. militia; as such he was ordered into service by the governor in the war of 1812, and did duty with his regiment for two or three months at Jersey City. He resigned his commission as colonel in 1817. He was actively engaged in mining and manufacturing '^''S't/Hi-Ci-i'-"**^^'"' ^xjnyixL. THE JACKSONS AND HOFFS OF ROCKAWAY— S. B. HALSEY. 361 iron. The Swedes mines between Dover and Rockaway were worked by him for several years. He was also owner with his brother William of the Allen and Teabo mines. The Rockaway grist-mill and saw-mill, store and two forges were owned and operated by him, with other branches of industry. In February 1813 he was elected by joint meeting judge of the court of common pleas ot Morris county, and held this position until 1833, when he gave up the position of his own accord. He was elected ruling elder in the Rockaway Presbyterian church in 1818. Part of his iron business he carried on at Paterson, in connection with his brother William, and they were the first parties who rolled round iron in the United States, which they did as early as 1820. In that year the gov- ernment advertised for five tons of American round iron as a sample lot to be delivered at the Washington navy yard. The Jacksons forwarded the lot, which was found superior to that of their competitors, and the contract to furnish 200 tons at the New York navy yard was awarded to them, and filled to the satisfaction of the government, at 6 cents per pound. In 1820 Colonel Jackson and his brother William built the Rockaway rolling-mills, and they continued in joint business until 1826, when the colonel became sole owner, and until 1834 he carried it on very prosperously, having in the meantime many prof- itable contracts for iron with the government. In 1828 he was elected a member of the New Jersey Legislature as a Jackson Democrat, and was returned for the two following years. He was a strong adherent of General Jackson, but in his later years was a Whig. His wife, Elizabeth Piatt Jackson, died in 1807, leaving one daughter (Sarah, who married Samuel B. Halsey), and two sons, Stephen J., and Robert Ogden; the latter died in infancy. The colonel died on the 28th of January 1855, in the 85th year of his age, honored and respected by all. Dr. J. D. Jackson. Dr. John Darby Jackson, the youngest son of Stephen Jackson and brother of Colonel Joseph Jackson, studied medicine under Dr. Pierson, and graduated from the old medical university on Ninth street, Phila- delphia, in 1815. He was born in Rockaway, and prac- ticed here all his life. He was the only physician in the village of Rockaway until his son, the present Dr. John W. Jackson, commenced his practice. He was married October 24th 1816, to a daughter of General Solomon Doughty, of Long Hill, a sister of Senator Doughty, of Somerset county, N. J. He was a Democrat in politics, a member of the Legislature in 1835, 1836, 1855 and 1856. With Judge Freeman Wood, now of Dover, he was one of the first freeholders after the formation of the township, and he held many town offices both before and after the division. He died November 17th 1859, aged 65. His widow, Mrs. Agnes Jackson, is still living in the old family mansion, enjoying life at the age of 85. Samuel B. Halsey. Samuel B. Halsey was the son of Dr. Abraham and Mary Beach Halsey, and was born at Fishkill, N. Y., July 24th 1796. He entered Union College in 1811 and graduated in 1815. He commenced the study of law with Hon. James Talmadge, at Poughkeepsie, and in 1817 was appointed aid-de-camp by Governor Talmadge. He was licensed as an attorney by the supreme court of New York, October 30th, 1818, and practiced his profes- sion from that time until 1834, when he removed to Rockaway. He was twice elected to the Legislature of New York from Dutchess county, once in 1826 and again in 1830. At one of these elections he was the only member of his party that was elected. On his removal to New Jersey he abandoned the active practice of the law, and engaged in raining and manufacturing iron, farming, etc., and in assisting his father-in-law, Colonel Joseph Jackson, in the management of his affairs. He was frequently engaged, as master in chancery, in the settlement of estates, and from 1846 to 1851 was one of the judges of Morris county. He was twice elected to the Legislature of New Jersey, first in September 1841, and again in 1843. At the second election he was made speaker of the house. He died in Rockaway, Septem- ber 15th, 1871. His strict integrity and kindness of heart won the love and respect of all who knew him. The Hoff Family. Joseph Hoff emigrated to Morris county from Hun- terdon in the spring of 1775, and took charge of the Hi- bernia works for Lord Stirling. His brother Charles Hoff soon succeeded him, and moved to Mount Pleasant. Charles was a son-in-law of Moses Tuttle. His descend- ants occupied the family homestead continuously until the death of Miss Harriet Hoff in 1878, aged nearly 80, when the last family link with former generations was broken. Her will was the subject of a long contest about a year ago in the courts of this county by some distant connections, who sought to set it aside by reason of undue influence and incapacity through age. But her mental clearness and sterling good sense were so strongly conspicuous in all she had said and done during her long life that her last will and testament was held good. She was the owner of the Hoff mine. The Hoff homestead is still standing, in a good state of preservation, nearly opposite the Tuttle homestead. Charles Hoff was a man of prominence in his day, a good scholar and penman. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1800, and his method of keeping his docket shows business habits of. the first quality. This docket is in the county clerk's office, where it was de- posited July 15 th 18 1 2, No. 40, a strong, well preserved book. The first page contains an acknowledgment from Robert Hays that Charles Hoff paid him $2.25 on the 20th of November 1800 forthat docket, and says: " This docket contains the proceedings of Charles Hoff, Esq., which commenced 28th November in the year of our Lord 1800." 362 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The first suit is that of Abraham Seward vs. Reuben Palmer, which resulted in a confession of judgment for $7.50. David De Camp was constable and Experience Turner was a witness. On page 5 is a suit in favor of David Howell against Aaron Broadwell, in trespass, for wounding, while shoeing, a certain mare on the 10th of October 1800, which plaintiff alleged was the cause of her death in a day or two afterward, and demanded $60 damages. Warrant was granted January ist 1801 and given to David De Camp, constable. There was a jury of twelve men, and a verdict of $60 was rendered for the plaintiff, and $5.07 costs. The docket contains the following receipt as a settlement of this suit: " Recei\'ed payment in full for the above judgment and costs from David Broadwell and his son Stephen Broadwell, in Cyder Spirits Carted by Charles Hoff. team. David Howell." The docket also contains a long list of marriages per- formed by the 'squire from January 1801 to November 1805, and we recognize the names there of three or four persons who are still living in the county. A dunning letter in the fine round hand of Mr. Hoff was also found in the docket, which reads as follows: " Captain Matthias Winans to Charles Hoff, Dr. January 1796, to balance on ore, 41s. lod.; interest on ditto, 3s. 8d.; making ;^2 5s. 6d. Sir, please to pay the above bal- ance immediately to Esquire Hoagland, as it has been of long standing. Your Humb. Serv't Charles Hoff." William H. Baker. Henry Baker, the grandfather of William H., resided about half a mile from Westfield church, in Union county, N. J., on the road to Springfield. He married Mary Hedges, of Long Island. They had six children — five sons and one daughter. His fourth son, Jeremiah, was the father of William H. William Hedges Baker, the subject of this sketch, was born January 3d 1806; and was married June 15th 1848 to Clarissa, daughter of Thomas and Maria Dell. They had ten children- — Jeremiah, William H,, Mary K. (wife of Dr. Samuel B. Johnson), Anna M. (wife of Horace L. Dunham), Andrew K., David, Phebe H., Thomas, Hen- rietta and Lydia J. — of whom seven are now living. The oldest, who was a tanner and farmer, died in 1873. Da- vid died suddenly" October i8th 1881, lacking only ten days of his majority, and Phebe November 1st follow- ing, in her 19th year. Mr. Baker owned in connection with his brother Henry the Baker homestead, the Valley forge, a grist-mill, and two iron mines. The De Hart Baker mine, located on Mine Hill, was developed by the Baker brothers, and af- terward, while under lease to S. T. Scranton & Co., was sold to the lessees and Messrs. Waterman and Beaver in 1873. It is now owned by the Lackawanna Iron and Coal Company, of Scranton, Pa. The other mine, also called the Baker mine, in the township of Rockaway and near the homestead, was leased a number of years to the Allentown Iron Company and was very productive. Two veins cross the property — the Mount Pleasant vein and the large vein which is extensively operated on the ad- joining Richards mine lot of the Thomas Iron Company. At present it is not operated. They were also owners of other farming, mining and timber lands. Probably the most valuable timber land in the county was owned by them. Their business operations were extensive and varied. Mr. Baker died June 27th 1876, quite suddenly, of heart disease, as he was sitting in his house convers- ing with a neighbor. In politics he was a Democrat. He inherited his fa- ther's industrious habits and good business qualities. He was an upright, honest, kind and obliging man, greatly esteemed in the community, and his loss was deeply re- gretted. He was strongly attached to his home and fam- ily and rarely went away from Mt. Pleasant, but left all outside business matters to be managed by his brother Henry. It is a remarkable fact that the Baker homestead has been in the possession of the family nearly a century. It was located by Jacob Ford in 1757. Known as the "Jonah Austin" plantation in 1774, it was afterward the property of Josiah Beaman, the iron manufacturer of Dover, by whom it was sold in 1792 to Jeremiah Baker, who devised it to his two sons Henry and William H. in 1861. Hon. L. a. Chandler. Hon. Lyman A. Chandler was born at West Greenville, New York, in 1821, and died at Rockaway, September nth 1865. Having been graduated at Middlebury Col- lege, Vermont, he came to New Jersey, and engaged for a time in teaching. He then applied himself to the study of the law, in Morristown, and in 1845 ^^.s admit- ted to the bar. In 1858 he was elected a member of the House of Assembly. The next year he was re-elected. In 1862 he was elected to the State Senate, from Morris county, and remained in the senate three years. As a legislator his terms of service were marked by energy, ability and fidelity. He was a trustee of the State nor- mal school from its foundation, and was one of its most zealous friends and advocates. He resided in the village of Rockaway, having built the residence next to Dr. Jackson's. He was a Demo- crat in politics and his splendid natural ability enabled him to stand high in his profession as a lawyer, while socially he was genial and popular. He left two daugh- ters. His widow, Laura, a daughter of Dr. John D. Jack- son, of Rockaway, married Charles A. McCarty. Hubbard S. Stickle. The progenitor of the Stickle family in Morris county, Peter Stickle, came from Germany to America about the year 1760. He first resided in the State of New York, where he married Elizabeth Parliman. He soon after- ward settled in Rockaway Valley, Pequannock township, Morris county. His children were George, Peter, Ed- ward, James, Jacob, John, Anna and Elizabeth. George, the father of Hubbard S., was born in Rock- away Valley, August 3d 1763. He was a farmer. About Jl '?'}€. I'ju/hA., o THE LIFE OF HUBBARD S. STICKLE. 563 the year 17S2 he married Sarah, daughter of David and Mary Beaman. Their children were Hubbard S., George, David, Peter, Parliman, Beaman, Maria and Washington (twins), Adams, Mahlon, Chilion, Sarah, and two sons who died in infancy. Of these only Hubbard S., Beaman, Maria, Adams, Mahlon and Sarah are known to be living. Hubbard Stansbury Stickle, the eldest of this large family, was born in the village of Rockaway, September 4th 1783 — the day following that of the acknowledg- ment of American independence. He often boasted that he was the first free man born in New Jersey. He lived in the county during his entire life. At the age of 25 he became the foreman of the old iron forge at Denmark, and about the same time married Sarah, a daughter of Francis and Charity McCarty, of Rockaway. From Denmark he went to Stony Brook, where he built a forge and school-house, and also formed a religious society and had it supplied with regular preaching services by ministers from different points. He enlisted in the war of 1812, but was not called into active service. From Stony Brook he returned to Rockaway, and engaged in the mercantile business as the head of the firm of Stickle & Rutan, on the site now occupied by the firm of B. K. & G. W. Sticikle, his grandchildren. He lived in the residence now occupied by Mrs. B. K. Stickle. He sold out this business to B. K. Stickle, and lived for a while on a farm in Denville, afterward known as the Peter Ereeman farm, and later removed to the Francis McCarty homestead, on the Hibernia road. His children were: Francis, born November 12th 1808; George Parliman, August 5th 1812; Edward Allen, Oc- tober 7th 1815; Barnabas King, October 12th 1817; John McDowell, May 7th 1820, and Harriet Newell, Au- gust 24th 1823. Of tliese all are living except the fol- lowing, who died at the dates given: George P., Septem- ber 28th 1821; John McDowell, September 9th 1821, and Barnabas King, October 7th 1875. Mrs. Stickle died April 12th 1854, and Mr. Stickle was married January 4th 1863 to Mrs. Jane McGrath, widow of Isaiah W. McGrath. Mr. Stickle was always prominently connected with the business interests of Morris county and accumulated a competency. He held a number of local offices, in which he was careful and competent. In politics he was a Republican. He said he "' was born a Whig and had always been one." He was a member of the Presbyter- ian church more than seventy years. He always enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the community in which he lived. He resided near the old homestead, where he was born. At the close of his life he was undoubtedly the oldest native of the town, but he retained good health and perfect memory. His remarkable recollection of events of over four score years ago made him an en- tertaining conversationist. He mana-ged his business personally, up to the last day of his life. He died suddenly on the i8th day of June i88r, aged 97 years, 9 months and 14 days. With Mr. Stickle passed away one of the landmarks fast receding beyond the memory of man, and his death severed a link which connected us with the past century. ROXBURY TO^VNSHIP. By Eev. B. W. Stoddard, D. D. jjOXBURY is one of the five toVnships that formed the county of Morris February 21st 1798. The present towns of Washington, Chester and Mount Olive were within its limits. In February 1798 Washington was set off; in January 1799 Chester, ^"'i ^" March 1871 Mount Olive, so at this time Roxbury has only a small portion of its original territory. The line dividing East and West Jersey drawn in July 1675 inter- sected Roxbury; beginning near Waterloo, it passed the east side of Budd's Lake, and west of Bartleyville, on its way from the northwest corner of the State to Little Egg Harbor. The population of Roxbury township at different cen- sus dates has been as follows: 1810, 1,563; 1820, 1,792; 1830,2,262; 1840,2,230; 1850,2,263; 1860,2,865; 1870, 3,320 (14 colored); 1875, 2,157; 1880, 2,139 — including Drakeville (201) and Port Morris (228). We append the assessor's statistics for 1881: Acres, 12,158; valuation of real estate, $572,450; personal property, $137, 375; debt, $3'9)745; polls, 492; State school tax, $1,705.76; county tax, $1,592.36; road tax, $2,000. The surface of the township is broken by the School- ey's Mountain range (named from William Schooley), which passes entirely across it from the southwest toward the northeast. For a long period iron has been found, though not in so large quantities as in the range on the eastern border, now in the township of Randolph. The King mine, lying in the range northwest of Drakeville, was opened in 1878, and is capable of producing 5,000 tons a year. The Gove mine, opened in 1875, lies about a mile and a half north of Drakeville. It produces good ore and has a capacity of 5,000 tons a year. Another range begins in this township, which, passing southward, divides the north and south branches of the Raritan River. The north branch of the Raritan has its rise in a large spring near McCainville. There flows from the spring during all the year a stream of clear, cool water, remarkable for its quantity and purity, which no severity of drought has sensibly diminished. For about ten miles it is known as Black River. At Succasunna its waters spread out in a miniature lake, with a fall of a few feet at the outlet. From Cooper's Mill to Pottersville it is called Lamington River. Thence onward it is called the north branch. The south branch of the Raritan rises about a mile from the source of the north branch, with not so large a quantity of water, and runs near the base of Schooley's Mountain and nearly southwest, till these two small streams have received large additions and are nearly twenty miles apart. Thence the westward stream turns eastward, and unites with the north branch near New Brunswick. From its broken and elevated condition Roxbury township is only moderately productive in grain and grass. Corn and apples are grown in abundance ; also cherries. In the township is an apple distillery, and on the border of the township arc two others, which con- sume each year many thousands of bushels of apples in producing alcoholic spirits. In past years charcoal was made in large quantities. Bloom furnaces for the manufacture of soft iron were located near Baker's Mills, in the northeastern part of the township. Another was located at Shippenport, near Port Morris, and the best quality of charcoal iron was made. Lake Hopatcong. Roxbury contains about one-third of Lake Hopatcong. This lake lies on its northwestern border, about nine hundred feet above tide water. It is nine miles long and one mile in width. Its situation rendered possible the building of the Morris Canal. This lake is the un- failing storehouse of the water that flows through this channel, westward to Easton, and eastward to the har- bors of Newark and New York. The basin supplying Lake Hopatcong contains 115,500 acres. At the outlet the banks were raised eight feet, and a lock was set, controlling the flow of the water to the summit level. Through this lock pass all boats bearing ore from the mines in Jefferson township, and wood from the borders of Sussex county. This canal was for many years one of the chief outlets of the Lehigh Valley coal traflfic. Lake Hopatcong quietly treasured in its nine miles of length the melting snows and falling showers, and gen- erously yielded its waters from its summit height to the necessities of the Delaware and the Passaic. The bor- RESORTS ON LAKE HOPATCONG— SURVEYS IN ROXBURY— SUCCASUNNA. 365 ders of this lake are exceedingly rugged, broken and irregular ; green and wooded hills rise from its edge ; bold and bare rocks narrow its bounds and separate coves and small bays, upon which stand cottages for summer residences and here and there the humble cabin of the fisherman. On its east border, about midway in Its length, stands the Lake View House, in this township. It is on a bold bluff, about one hundred feet above and three hundred feet east of the lake. It has accommo- dations for about one hundred and fifty guests and is kept open half the year. The "Matilda," a small screw steamer, passes down the lake, through the lock, to Hopatcong station, on the canal, to meet passengers coming by railroad. Some years ago a Delaware Indian, Chinkope, the last of his tribe, applied with his squaw for a passage with their canoe from Jersey City to Lake Hopatcong. Here they roanried, hunting and fishing, amidst the haunts of their ancestors. In early times there was at the outlet of the lake a forge with four fires. This township, with its elevation of 900 feet, its hills and valleys, its clear atmosphere and pure water, offers as healthy a location as any in the county for a summer residence. The surroundings of Lake Hopatcong fur- nish for the country what the Highlands of Navesink furnish for the seashore. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in two hours will set the passenger from the city upon the border of the lake, where can be found health, seclusion, rowing, fishing, the wildness of camp life, the comforts of the cottage and the excite- ment of the hotel. Such is Lake Hopatcong, and such is life in these high altitudes of Roxbury. Settlement and First Surveys. So far as records show and traditions indicate the earliest settlement of the township was in the vicinity of the Raritan's headwaters, at Succasunna and Drakeville. In this locality it is probable were Indian residences, as in the valley near Succasunna arrow heads, hatchets and other relics have been found in abundance. A very in- teresting collection of these is in the cabinet gathered by the late Frederick D. Canfield, now in possession of the family at their residence near the famous Dickerson mine in Randolph township, two miles from Succasunna. The first location of land of which we find date was made May 15th 17 13, by Peter Garbut and Francis Breck, who took up 2,500 acres. Beginning at a corner near the Musconetcong iron works at Stanhope, the first line on the north side runs to a point east of Port Mor- ris; the second line runs south to the top of a mount north of Budd's survey; another corner was near the Gary stone house, and another a little north of Flanders. John Reading, June 14th 1716, located 289.25 acres, which includes the north half of Budd's Lake; and in the same year he located land from Drakeville to Flan- ders, 588 acres, beginning at a white oak tree near an In- dian path, now about six rods north of Baker's Hotel. October 27th 1714 John Budd located 1,054 acres south and west of Succasunna. In 1752 a tract of 1,725 acres was located by Ebenezer Large, north of Budd's Lake and extending from what is called the Mary Norris tract westward toward Hackettstown. This is now nearly all owned by the heirs of Archer Stevens. In 1754 William Throckmorton located lands where Succasunna and Mc- Cainville stand, and sold the same to ^CorxLeliiis_SJaight- Northeast of McCainville is the Mary Wills tract, now and since 1869 occupied by the Atlantic Giant Powder Company. East of this last and partly adjoining is a tract returned to James Parker in :8io, and now owned by A. R. Riggs. In 1757 Martin Ryerson located 218 acres, lying north of Budd's Lake and south of and adjoining the Large tract. In 1789 Jacob Drake located 502 acres northwest of Drakeville. Soon afterward George Eyre located a large tract, including nearly all the remainder of Budd's Lake. Later Mary Tompkins of London inherited a large tract adjoining and west of the London tract and extending to Stanhope. Israel Pemberton bought lands north of Budd's Lake. Joshua Newbold located a tract of 252 acres, which he afterward sold to Samuel Wills. This was inherited and is now occupied by H. C. Seward. Michael Newbold located a tract north of Flanders. Israel Canfield located 95 acres where Port Morris now stands. Villages and Post- Offices. The villages of the present Roxbury are Succasunna, Drakeville, McCainville and Port Morris. When the new court-house was built, about sixty years ago, there was a sharp contention among the freeholders whether it should be erected at Succasunna or Morristown. There was a tie in the vote and the chairman, though a resident of Succasunna, gave the casting vote in favor of Morris- town. Succasunna. — This word is of Indian origin, and the original form was Sogksoona, meaning, it is said, " heavy stone," which the iron ore resembles. The name Suc- casunna was first given to the Dickerson mine, and the corporate name of the company includes the word still. During the Revolution and before the ore from the mine was carried in sacks on the backs of horses to Elizabeth, thirty miles, for smelting. Another signification found for " Sogksoona " is " Black Stone Creek," and the name was supposed to apply to the north branch of the Rari- tan, now called, as we have said, Black River, which has its rise not a mile from Succasunna village. The valley here, which is more than a mile wide, has for many years been known as Succasunna Plains. The post-office (spelled Suckasunny), established July ist 1808, James Hinchraan postmaster, was first east of Black River, at the foot of the hill near the Dickerson mine, now known as the Vannier place. The present postmaster is Josiah Meeker, a trusted and influential citizen of the township, who has held the office since 1861; and the post-office is in the village of Succasunna, half a mile west of Black River. In 1818 Succasunna became known as a racing center. A course a mile in length was built on a tract of 200 acres, where noted horsemen of the day came from neigh- 48 366 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. boring States to test the speed of favorite animals. After a few years this sport was broken up by an enactment of the Legislature. The property was also used as a train- ing ground of the county militia. The attractions of the place at present are its healthful climate and beautiful scenery and the conveniences of summer residence. The Vannier House, commanding a fine view of the Plains from the border of Randolph, can entertain one hundred guests. The Scheer House, at Drakeville, can accommodate sixty. The post road from Newark through Morristown and Newton and westward passed through the Plains and Drakeville, and the post-ofifice east of Black River was not far from the residence of General Mahlon Dickerson, one of the most noted citizens of New Jersey, whose kindly interest in the village of Succasunna was mani- fested in all suitable ways till the time of his death. The first service in the new church .which he helped to build was his funeral. Succasunna is located in the valley of the Black River, about a mile in width, between the Mine Hill range on the northeast and the ridge separating the north and south branches of the Raritan on the southwest. It has one broad street, a mile in length, crossed by two streets leading up and down the valley of the north branch. It has two churches: the Presbyterian, built about 1760; and the Methodist Episcopal, built in 185 1 and 1852. There is one public house, which in th.e days of the academy was built as a boarding house for the students and for many years was occupied by the teacher of the academy. There are four stores, a school-house, a smith shop, a harness-maker, a shoe-maker, a milliner, and a pottery selling each year about $5,000 worth of stone and earthen ware. A pottery was here as early as 1800, and the pres- ent building was erected in 1813. The village has sev- enty-five houses within a mile of the churches, many of them occupied by laborers in the iron mines on the north- east border of Roxbury, in Randolph township. The activities of the village are largely sustained by the iron interest of the vicinity. Drakeville was named after Col. Jacob Drake, who re- sided there many years and located land in the vicinity. For several years previous to 1810 it was called New Mar- ket. Its first post-office was established about 1844. Its postmaster, Albert R. Riggs, a prominent citizen of the township, was born at Drakeville and has resided there nearly seventy years. He still holds the post-ofifice, which has been out of his hands only a brief period during forty years, and it is kept in the stone store where it was first opened. Theodore F. King is the present assistant postmaster. Drakeville lies in the valley at the head of the south branch of the Raritan, having the Schooley's Mountain range on the northwest. It is on the old turnpike pass- ing through Succasunna on the way toward Newton. It has a good water power for a grain and saw-mill. It lies so near the head waters of the south branch, and so near the outlet of Lake Hopatcong toward the east, that the supply of water is materially aided by the lake. The first school in Drakeville was taught in a. cooper's shop, in 1836. The first school-house was built in 1838, and is now in use. The village has a Baptist church, built in 1874, a hotel, a blacksmith shop, a store, a post-ofifice, and about forty houses within a mile of the church. The Morris Canal passes through this village, having a lock and two planes, by which the level of the canal is changed about one hundred feet within half a mile. McCainville is close to the headwaters of the north branch, and this valley- toward the northeast leads to Berkshire Valley, and thence onward with the range of hills toward Newburgh, N. Y. The first school was taught in 1836, in a small red building. The new house was built in 1870, at a cost of $1,300. This village contains about thirty houses. It has a store, a post-office, an apple distillery using about 8,000 bushels yearly, a hotel, a blacksmith shop, a wheelwright shop, a coal and lumber yard, and a shoe shop. The Central Railroad of New Jersey has a station and tele- graph office. The Chester branch railroad has also a station. The post-office at McCainville was established about 1872, and its first postmaster was George Drake. The present incumbent is Hiram Hulse. Near this village are located the Atlantic giant powder works. Here are made and shipped — mainly by the Central Railroad of New Jersey, High Bridge branch — about 1,050 tons per year. It is sent to all parts of the country, and is exceedingly effective for blasting pur- poses. The works were built in 1873, and manufacture began in 1874. May i6th 1876 an explosion killed two men and destroyed the mixing house. This was soon rebuilt. In May 1880 fire destroyed the pul- verizing house, a wooden structure, which has since been rebuilt with brick. Port Morris. — This village lies on the Schooley's Mountain range, at the highest point, by way of canal and railway, between Newark and Easton. On this pla- teau, which is sixteen feet below Lake Hopatcong, the waters of that lake are drawn out to float by the Morris Canal the cargoes of iron ore and merchandise westward, and the vastly greater cargoes of coal from the Lehigh Valley eastward to the New York market. Port Morris is the highest point in New Jersey on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. An or- dinary engine can draw only fifty loaded cars from the west to this point, while the same engine will take from here 100 cars to New York. Returning it can draw only 100 empty cars. In the fall of 1869 the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Company built at Port Morris the first half of the present round-hcuse, and a machine shop attached — the last half being added in the summer of 1873. It contains room for twenty- three engines. Here also was built the trestle work for stocking coal. It was begun in 1871 and completed in 1875. It is about half a mile in len7th, thirty to forty feet in height, four rows in width, and has a capacity of 170,000 tons of coal. When the demand is slack the coal is dumped. When there is kAlLROAbS IN ROXBURY— SUCCASUNNA PRESBYT£RIAN CHURCH. 367 a call the coal is passed through screens and sent at once to market. This labor gives employment to a large num- ber of men. In 1873 the company built a row of twelve houses opposite the round-house for the use of employes. Other houses have been erected in the vicinity, and the inhabitants number 340. The company has about 200 employes here, and some of them reside in Stanhope. A church, a public school, a grocery store, a post-office, a depot and a telegraph office are among the conven- iences of Port Morris. The post-office was established in 1879, with Ira H. Mowery as-postmaster; he was suc- ceeded by Thomas Reynolds. Rustic. — A post office called Rustic was established in- 1878 at Drakeville station, a mile and a half from Drake- ville village, on the Morris and Essex Railroad. The only postmaster here has been John H. Low. Travel and Transportation. Previous to 1832 the New York market was reached only by teanis, and going and returning consumed three days. In 1824 ground was broken at Brooklyn, the out- let of Lake Hopa'.cong, for the Morris Canal, in the pres- ence of George B. McCuUoch, the projector, the State officials, the engineers, the capitalists, and interested cit- izens. This canal is peculiar in that there are very few locks. The hills are crossed by plane cars. Boats of eighty tons are lifted over an elevation of 100 feet as rap- idly as the ordinary movement in the water, and with greater economy than by locks. The canal above the ele- vation furnishes the power, the fall varying from 30 to 50 feet. The canal was completed in 1832. The Morris and Essex Railroad was completed to Hackettstown in 1853. The largest outlay for improve- ments has been at Port Morris, after the Delaware, Lack- awanna and Western Railroad Company obtained a lease of the Morris and Essex Railroad. The Chester rail- road is a branch of the Morris and Essex, thirteen miles in length, which leaves the main line near Port Oram, two miles from Dover, and passes through McCainville and Succasunna. It was opened for traffic in January 1870. The High Bridge branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey was completed to McCainville July ist 1876, and extended to Port Oram in 1878. A further extension to Rockaway was completed in July 1881. It was designed to run this branch through Berkshire and Longwood Valley and so on to Newburgh. A branch to connect the Ogden Mine road with the Central Railroad of New Jersey at McCainville will probably be completed in 1882. Before 1872 the mail was brought through this town- ship by the post-rider, the four-horse mail coach, and, when the railroad came near, the one-horse mail wagon — each in turn waiting for the changing of the mail. Since 1872 the Chester branch railway has brought the mail twice each day. In the earlier time it would take three days for a letter to reach New York city and the answer to be received. It is no unusual thing for a letter to pass over the same distance and bring return in ten hours. This township has always been on a line of travel; for- merly loaded wagons slowly passed on their way to New- ark and New York, and returning carried the merchan- dise of the counties of Sussex and Warren. Churches. Succasunna Presbyterian Church is one of the oldest in the county. A deed executed in 1756 by James Parker, one of the West Jersey proprietors, for the sum of five shillings conveys one acre for a church and burial ground to Levi Lewis, Daniel Cary and others resident here. This Daniel Cary, whose ancestor came from England in 1634 to Cambridge, Mass., came to this place in 1742. He was an elder and trustee of the church from its or- ganization, which is supposed to have occurred about 1745. The first church bi>ilding must have been erected about 1760. It is said that Levi Lewis owned a saw-mill at Combs Hollow, where he sawed the timber for the church. The first pastor known to have been settled over this church was Rev. William WoodhuU, who grad- uated from the College of New Jersey in 1764, and be- longed to the Presbytery of New York. The original call, September ist 1768, for his services over this church and that of Chester is now in possession of the Succa- sunna church, with the signatures of Daniel Cary, Levi Lewis, Jacob Drake, Jeremiah Rogers, Eliphalet Lewis, Benjamin Clark and Elisha Drake; part of these were the trustees to whom the deed of the church lot was given. These two churches pledged the " Rev'd Pres- bytery of New York," for thj encouragement of the said Rev. AVilliam WoodhuU, ;^4o per year, the use of the parsonage, and his firewood. So easily were the pure- hearted ministers of more than a hundred years ago en- couraged and freed from worldly care. The descend- ants of Mr. WoodhuU are still living in this vicinity, and their virtues and intelligence declare they came from a worthy ancestry. The same may be said of those who signed the call and were co-workers with Mr. WoodhuU in sustaining this ancient church. The first church building and its burial ground have a share in the history of the Revolution. October 13th 1777 General Burgoyne and his army were cap- tured near Saratoga, N. Y.. His park of artillery was brought to this place, and the soldiers having it in charge used this church for barrack and hospital purposes. The Hon. Lewis Condict, late of Morristown, when a child, saw these military stores. The larger cannon, some of which required three yoke of oxen to draw them, were ranged and sheltered outside the building, and the mu- nitions in the church. The drums, band instruments and other accoutrements requiring shelter were stored in James Young's garret. When the new Centennial bell for Independence Hall, Philadelphia, was to be cast, the United States government contributed one of these can- non for bell metal. These trophies of British defeat, the powder-mill near Morristown and the magazine in the town, together with the zealous character of the people, made the British anxious to lodge their troops within the border of Morris county. But to the honor of her yeomanry be it said that the enemy never reached the 368 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. county, except now and then a marauding party. Col- onel Dayton and Captain Dickerson, of Succasunna, were among the competent leaders. While bankruptcy, disease, nakedness and famine were crowding upon Washington and the army, Morris county freely gave her sons to fight, her daughters to toil and suffer and her property to be consumed for country and liberty. The smallpox was among the soldiers, and General Washing- ton required the inoculation of his army, then at Morris- town, and the churches there and at Hanover and Suc- casunna were used as hospitals. This old graveyard has many nameless graves, and it is not too much to believe that some who dared to die for their country lie buried here. Seven of those who fell in the service during the rebellion of 1861-65 ^1^° I'^^t in this cemetery. This old church building had only the floor finished and plain seats — no plastered walls and no» ceiling. In the memory of some now living it could be said literally of this house of the Lord, " The sparrow hath found an house, and the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young." The swallows twittered from the rafters while the people worshiped from the floor. January 28th 1818, in the ministry of Rev. Jacob Green, the con- gregation "resolved to repair the meeting- house, put on new covering, put in new windows and new timbers, and lath and plaster." This house, which was nearly square (36 by 40 feet), with its pulpit on the side, continued to accommodate the people till January ist 1853, when, in the ministry of Rev. Josiah Fisher, the parish resolved to build a new church. The last day of service in the old church of nearly one hundred years' standing was the first Sabbath in May 1853. The corner stone of the new church was laid May 26th 1853. In that stone were deposited a brief history of the church, the names of its oiificers and members at that time, certain newspapers, and a bullet found in removing the old building, bearing date, in etching, "July 4 1776." The new house was dedicated October nth 1853. The building was 35 by 50 feet and cost about $4,000. In August 1872, in the ministry of Rev. E. W. Stoddard, it was resolved to enlarge the church by adding 12 feet to its length and a pulpit recess 6 by 14 feet. The work was begun September isth, and the enlarged church was reoccupied on the first Sabbath in January 1873. The cost of the enlargement was about $2,500, and the seating capacity was increased forty per cent. It will now seat three hundred. The records of the church from its organization to 1817 have been lost. The recorded membership at that time was 35, and from that date to this 540 have been added. The present membership is no. Twenty- three members of this church have been chosen to the eldership since 1817. At that time Ebenezer Coe and Hiram Condict were elders. Albert R. Riggs, Josiah Meeker, Lemuel F. Corwin and Silas H. Hopkins were the elders in 1881. Of the ministry we know that Rev. William Woodhull began his labors in the early part of 1768. Rev. Ebene- zer Bradford also preached here before 1776. Who min- istered to this church during the next twenty years we do not find. From 1798 Rev. Lemuel Fordham was pas- tor till his death. Rev. Jacob Green became pastor Aug- ust 3d 1817, and- served four years and nine months. From May ist 1822 Rev. Enos A. Osborn supplied the pulpit six months; from January 23d 1823 Rev. Peter Kanouse was pastor five years and six months; from July [828 Rev. E. Hooper supplied a few months; from June 8th 1829 Rev. Enos A. Osborn was pastor four and a half years; during two years from April 26th 1834 Rev. Messrs. Jones, of Chester, Woodbury, George Pierson and Edward Allen supplied the church in the order named, and for a short time each. Rev. Joseph More was pastor two and one-half-years from April 17th 1836; Rev. David Frame one and one-half years from Decem- ber 3d 1838; Rev. D. E. Megie three and three-fourths years from October 5th 1840; Rev. John Ward supply about two years from July 1845; Rev. J. K. Davis about two years from May ist 1848; and Rev. Josiah Fisher pastor thirteen years and six months from September 1850. Rev. E. W. Stoddard has been pastor since May ist 1864 — eighteen years. A parsonage was built in 1856, valued, with one acre of ground, at $2,000. In 1840 one and a half acres were added to the burial ground, and in 1872 five and a half acres were purchased, joining the graveyard and parson- age lot, at a cost of $1,200, and this addition will meet the cemetery necessities for the next two hundred years. The Sabbath-school has been maintained nearly sixty years, the present superintendent having served about eighteen years continuously and in some capacity more than fifty years. The librarian, Josiah Meeker, has been at his post nearly twenty-five years. The attendance of scholars has reached 177. There are 350 volumes in the library, valued at $200. For many years a private house could accommodate the Sabbath-school; now it more than half fills the church. Janes Chapel. — The Methodist Episcopal church, next in order of time, was called Janes Chapel, after the late Bishop E. S. Janes, who had his residence here. It grew out of the old Flanders circuit. Its first place of worship prior to 1850 was Corwin's Chapel, in the present village of Ironia. The quiet of this "class" was dis- turbed by the temperance question, and the part living in this vicinity decided to build a church at Succasunna. In 1849 Rev. T. T. Carapfield, of the Flanders circuit, organized a class and preached in the old academy and in private houses. Rev. J. W. Gilder is said to have preached here as early as 1832, and, the academy being too small to hold the people assembled, the service was held in the Presbyterian church; but no organization was effected till 1850. The members remained connected with the Flanders charge, under Rev, Messrs. Campfield. Thackeray and Absalom Steelman, till 1852. The circuit included Flanders, Draketown, Tottens, Walnut Grove, Succasunna and Cross Roads. The New Jersey annual conference in 1852 constituted a new charge, Succasunna and Walnut Grove, and Rev. William Day was appointed preacher. The official board consisted of Rev. C. A. CHURCHES IN ROXBURY TOWNSHIP. 3^9 Lippencott, presiding elder; Rev. William Day, preacher in charge; Rev. Absalom Steelman, local preacher; Silas H. Hopkins, exhorter; Harmon K. Waer, Absalom Steelman, Silas H. Hopkins and E. Lewis, class leaders; Edvi'ard Lewis, David Trowbridge, William Fowler, Rich- ard Greene and H. K. Waer, stewards; Richard Greene, M. Force, John S. McDougall, William Fowler, A. W. Snyder and C. A. Lippencott, trustees, elected July 3d 1850, at the residence of Bishop Janes. The membership was thirty-nine. The trustees began preparations for building soon after their election, Bishop Janes contribu- ting $500. At the laying of the corner stone Rev. W. P. Corbit preached in the graveyard adjoining. The church was dedicated February 17th 1852, Rev. J. B. Wakely, D. D., officiating; assisted in the services by Revs. M. Force, C. A. Lippencott, J. Faull, E. Griffith and Swaim Thackeray. The church stands adjacent to the Presby- terian church, on a lot of an acre and a half, donated to the Methodist Episcopal church by the wife of Rev. C. A. Lippencott, for church and burial purposes. It is a frame building, thirty-five by fifty feet, with end gallery and belfry. It is valued at $5,000, and is capable of seating 300 people. The parsonage is nearly opposite, on a half-acre lot donated by the heirs of Rev. C. A. Lippencott. It is a neat frame dwelling, built in 1859 and i860, and is valued at $1,500. In 1872 three acres of land were added to the burying ground, at a cost of leys- Ministers have. been appointed to this charge as fol- lows : Rev. William Day, 1852; Rev. Ralph Arndt, 1853; Rev. John Stevenson, 1854; Rev. John Atkinson, 1855; Rev. John S. Coit- 1856; Rev. H. Harris, 1858; Rev. T. S. Dederick, i860; Rev. Cornelius Clark jr., 1862; Rev. William W. Voorhees, 1864; Rev. Fletcher Lummis, 1866; Rev. William W. Searles, 1867; Rev. J. P. Fort, 1869; Rev. James H. Runyon, 1872; Rev. G. H. Winans, 1875; Rev. T. H. Landon, 1878; Rev. Isaac Thomas, 1881, the preacher in charge. The present official board is as follows : Presiding elder. Rev. C. S. Coit; pastor, Isaac Thomas; stewards, William H. Greene, Allen M. Hunter, William F. Potter, W. C. Thompson, J. S. McDougall, J. C. Buck, John T. Lawrence and William Hambly; trustees, William H. Greene, S. T. Lawrence, William F. Potter, Allen M. Hunter, John S. McDougall, John T. Lawrence, J. C. Buck, S. T. Plumstead and Whitefield Green;, class- leaders, S. B. Cook and John Trevilcock. The church membership is 170. The Sabbath-school was organized about 1850, H. K. Waer superintendent. J. C. Buck filled the office many years. The present superintendent is Rev. Isaac Thomas; there are 130 scholars. TAe Drakeiille Baptist Church was organized from the membership of the Mount Olive Baptist church, of which Drakeville was one of the out stations. June 29th 1873 a board of trustees was chosen. July 14th 1873 $2,000 had been secured by subscription to build a church, and building soon began. May 27lh 1874 the commiitee of organization reported ^2 members ready to organize. May 31st 1874 the basement room of the church was finished and the first service held; Rev. J. G. Entreken being minister. October 5th 1874 the organization was completed. S. D. Salmon, Daniel O. Wilkinson and Thomas K. Wilkinson were chosen dea- cons, and A. D. Salmon, George W. King, Daniel O. Wilkinson and Jeremiah Baker trustees. ■ Membership, 48; Sunday-school membership, 60; library, 150 volumes. The church was recognized by a council, at which Rev. Mr. Gunning, of Morristown, was chosen to preside. Rev. Dr. Parmely, of Jersey City, preached the sermon, and Rev. Mr. Seabury, of Newton, shared in the services. Mr. Entreken was pastor from 1874 to 1878; Rev. Mr. Millington served a year and a half, to April ist 1881. Port Morris Methodist Episcopal Church. — In May 1874 a Sabbath-school was organized, chiefly by the ef- forts of Miss Mary Mills of Stanhope. For two years the place of meeting was the machine shop attached to the round-house, where seats of plank were arranged upon blocks. A preaching service was held at 3 p. m., after the Sabbath-school, when this Christian woman and those assisting her could secure the services of a minis- ter. In October 1875 Miss Mills secured the assistance of several Christian railroad men, working on the line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. Ser- vice was held in this machine shop on Sabbath after- noon. Rev. C. E. Little, pastor at Hackettstown, preached. A large congregation of railroad employes and their families was present. The railroad men re- lated their experiences. The whole company was great- ly moved. Meetings were continued in the shop each Sabbath and each evening as convenient, till about one hundred professed conversion. About February 1876 a Methodist Episcopal church of some sixty members was organized, and connected with the Succasunna charge, Rev. G. H. Winans pastor. Official members: Rev. G. H. Winans, pastor; steward, W. B. Day. The superintendent of the Sabbath-school at the organization was Miss Mary Mills; there were twenty scholars, and forty volumes in the library. The present superinte'ndent is William B. Day. There are ninety scholars, and one hundred and fifty volumes in the library. The school meets at half past two. Rev. T. H. Landon was pastor from April 1878 to April 1881, being also the pastor of the M. E. church at Succasunna. The present pastor is Rev. J. M. Tuttle. The chapel was built at Port Morris in April 1876, by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Com- pany, for the use of its employes, for church and school purposes. It thus becomes the center for a public school and a house of worship. This generous act of the railroad company is highly appreciated by this active community. Schools. There are nine school districts and a suitable building in each. At Succasunna and McCainville the school- houses have two rooms, for two departments. The 37=^ HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. earliest school was at Succasunna, previous to 1800. Subscription was begun February 8th 1808 for an acad- emy, which was built and occupied in 1809. One hun- dred and twenty-five shares were taken at $8 per share. An iron weather vane in the shape of a fish, in which is cut the date 1809, was set upon this building. After forty years' service it was transferred to a carpenter shop near McCainville, where it still remains in good condi- tion. A bell was purchased for the academy in 181 1. About 1825, new proprietors added 50 shares to the corporation. January 29th 1827 the shareholders elected as trustees Thomas Dickerson, Thomas Peterson, Absa- lom Woodruff, Joshua Case and John H. Oliver. About 1795 Mr. McCleod taught here. In the academy the fol- lowing were teachers: Messrs. Carpenter, Beers Hard, Payson, Kingsbury, E. R. Fairchild, Ezra Fairchild, Sar- geant, Brace, Miss Mercer, Mr. Decker, Mr. Belden, Joseph Riggs and Joseph McCord. The Lower Berkshire school-house was built in 1870. Two miles west of Succasunna is the Alpaugh school- house; and two miles west of Drakeville a stone school- house near the Hilts iron mine. Lodges. Emajmel Lodge I. O. G. T., No. 46, was organized June 19th 1867, by J. B. Graw, G. W. C. T., and John Simpson, G. W. S', and consisted of seventeen members. The following were the first officers; Rev. Josiah Fisher, W. C. T.; Miss Loitie Thomas, W. V. T.; Henry Thom- as, W. Chap.; Rev. William N. Searles, W. Sec; F. M. Buck, W. Asst. Sec; William H. Buck, W. F. S.; Mrs. Jennie Doering, W. Treas. ; Wilbur Palmer, W. M.; John H. Doering, W. D. M.; Joseph Harvey, W. O. G.; Ste- phen Buddie, W. I. G.; John Thomas, W. R. S.; John Doering, W. L. S.; Richard Richards, P. W. C. T. The present number of members is sixty, and the officers are: John Gordon, W. C; Ada Endean, W. V.; Rev. I. Thomas, W. Sec; William Thomas, AV. F. Sec; John Harris, W. Treas.; James Buddie, W. I.G.; Samuel Dan- iels, W. O. G.; Bessie Treverre, W. R. S.; John Losaw, W. L. S.; John Evans, W. M.; Anna Thomas, W. D. M.; George Losaw, W. Asst. Sec ; John B. Newcomb, W. L. D. Roxbury Lodge I. O.,of O. F.. No. 184, was instituted April 14th 1874, by the grand lodge of the State of New Jersey, with thiity members. The first officers were: William Thomas, noble grand; William Case, vice-grand; James Dolan, recording secretary; William Rogers, per- manent secretary; John N. Young, treasurer. The offi- cers in September 1881 wtrt: John Bout, noble grand; John R. Gordon, vice-grand; John B. Merchant, record- ing secretary; James Treverro, permanent secretary; Conrad Stumpf, treasurer. The membership was then fifty-one. Rev. E. W. Stoddard, D. D. Rev. Elijah Woodward Stoddard, D. D., of Succa- sunna, is a descendant of Anthony Stoddard of Boston, who emigrated in 1639 from London, where the records of the family are traced to 1490. The tradition is that their ancestor came with his cousin William the Con- queror from Normandy in 1066. The name Stoddard was derived from the office of standard-bearer. There were 14 children in the family of Anthony. The eldest son, Solomon, born in 1643, was educated at Harvard College, graduating in 1662. He entered the ministry and was called in 1669 to the church at Northampton, Mass., where he married Mrs. Esther Mather, the widow of his predecessor. They had twelve children. Of these the oldest three were daughters, who married min- isters. The second, Esther, married Rev. Timothy Ed- wards, whose son Jonathan Edwards was associated with his grandfather in the pastorate at Northampton, and be- came well known as a theological writer. The seventh child and oldest living son, Anthony Stoddard, was born August 9lh 1678, graduated at Harvard in 1697 and set- tled as a minister at Woodbury, Conn., where he contin- ued 60 years. (His predecessor was settled 40 years and his successor 50 years.) Eliakiro, the eldest living of eleven children, was born April 3d 1705, married Joanne Curtis in 1729, and resided in Woodbury, Conn. John, the eldest son of nine, born January 26th 1730, married (April 15th 1751) Mary Atwood, and resided in Water- town, Conn. John, the fifth child of nine, born July ist 1763, married Sarah Woodward in 1785. Their home was in Watertown, Conn., until 1802, when they removed to Coventry, Chenango county, N. Y. Central New York was then an almost unbroken wilderness, famous for its large pine, hemlock and maple trees. The fathers and sons of these New England families began the work of clearing the forests. John, the third son and the fourth child of nine, was born July 15th 1794, and married Merab Parker in Sep- tember 181 7. Their seven children are all living at this date (December i88t). Elijah Woodward, the second son, was born April 23d 1820. His first view of life was on a forest farm, and during all his minority the clearing of new land was a part of each year's toil. The log house and the log school-house were to be seen in all directions. The seats of the school-room were slabs of pine logs, with two oaken pins at each end for support. The writing- desk was a smooth board fastened against the wall, and the writer turned his back to the school. The pupils usually recited singly, rarely in classes. The blackboard for object teaching was not known. School-going was for three or four months in the winter. A lady teacher took charge of the small scholars in the summer. Books were few and every child was needed in the daily toil. Fondness for study alone could insure success, and Elijah Woodward gave every moment of leisure to the acquisition of knowledge. The Bible was emphatically the book in that Christian household, and the lad, taught that " the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom," at the age of 12 years united with the disciples of Him who at that age commenced to teach in the temple At 18 such mastery of the ordinary English branches as enabled him " to pass an examination " permitted the EllS*^"H'ClDFr03foH"f l^/t^ C^^U^^M:^ THE LIFE OF REV E. W. STODDARD, D. D. 37 1 beginning of school teaching. Here was enjoyed a priv- ilege at this day unknown, that of boarding around. A knowledge of parents and teachers was thus gained as it cannot be under the present system. Five winters were spent in teaching, the summers being passed at home. At 23 the decision for the ministry was reached. Norwich and Oxford Academies prepared our sub- ject for Amherst College, which he entered in Septem- ber 1845. Graduating in June 1849, he entered the Union Theological Seminary, New York, in September of that year and graduated in May 1852. He was delegat ed by the American Home Missionary Society to Mo- mence, Kankakee county. 111., and labored there a short time; then the uncongenial climate made it expedient to remove to Hawley, Pa. This pastorate continued three years. In November 1856 a call was received from the Presbyterian church of Amenia, Dutchess county, N. Y.; in May i860 a call to the Presbyterian church of An- gelica, N. Y., and May ist 1864 a call to the Presbyterian church of Succasunna, N. J. After Mr. Stoddard's first year in the ministry there were but very few and very brief interruptions from sickness. The students of the parish, as they have pursued their Latin, Greek, or mathematics, have spent helpful hours in the pastor's study, and gratified his love of teaching. In September i88o Maryville College, of East Tennessee, conferred upon him the unexpected degree of D. D.; while those who knew him best feel that it was honor given where honor was due, his faithful ministrations have given a title to that heart reverence that has no synonym in let- ters. If we were to note some of the characteristics of the man at work, we would say an intense love of delv- ing into the depths of a subject, which inspires to thorough research; a willingness to undertake any hard work in the line of duty and follow it patiently to the end; a practical remembrance of the commission " Feed my lambs," as well as "Feed my sheep;" a desire to spend and be spent in service; a faith that overcomes the world in its every day toils and trials and gives abid- ing peace; a steadfastness in purpose that proves the anchorage of hope; a courtesy that illustrates the charity that never faileth; an equipoise that may restrain from an impetuous assault on the enemy, but that holds, and guards, and moves steadily forward. But it is at the end of the race that the victor is crowned; it is at the har- vest home that sheaves can be numbered; it is when work is done that the Master, looking on the folded flock, shall say to the shepherd, "Well done, good and faithful servant; enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. By Rev. B. C. Megie, D. D. jASHINGTON is the most westerly town- ship of the county. It was one of the six townships into which the county was divided in 1798, before which time its territory con- stituted a part of Roxbury. It is bounded :e northeast by Roxbury township, on the southeast by Chester, on the southwest by Tewkes- bury and Lebanon townships in Hunterdon county, and on the north by the Musconetcong River, which separates it from Mansfield township in Warren county. A large portion of it is occupied by Schooley's Moun- tain, which, although rising 1,100 feet above the level of the sea and 600 feet above that of the surrounding coun- try, forms a plateau or tableland, whose soil, unlike that of most of the other mountainous sections of the county, is deep and rich. The south branch of the Raritan flows nearly through the center in a westerly direction, with suf- ficient fall to supply a number of mills with an excellent water power. The Black River courses for a few miles along the southeastern boundary, but its descent is very gradual at this place. The Musconetcong on the north- west has considerable decline, and several fine mills have been constructed to profit by the aid which nature has given. Several other small streams, of sufficient size to turn mill-wheels, run through different portions of the township and have been utilized. The slope to the south from Schooley's Mountain is abrupt, varying from 400 to 600 feet in a distance of about three-quarters of a mile, and faces a range of hills which rise more gradually to nearly the same elevation. These ranges in the southern part are known as Fox Hill, and between them and Schooley's Mountain, is a valley, which in this township is called German Valley and is about eight miles in length. Perhaps no portion of it is more beautiful than that which lies in Washing- ton; and the view to be had, especially in the summer season, in descending from Schooley's Mountain to Mid- dle or German Valley is rarely to be surpassed by ordinary landscape scenes. On the northern side of the moun- tain there is also a very fine view, looking toward the Musconetcong Valley in Warren county. The air here is very clear and pure, and the trains on the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad can be heard with surprising distinctness on a still night at a distance of several miles. The land throughout the township is very rich, and fine crops of wheat, corn, oats and rye have been raised for years, both on the mountain farms and on those in the valley. It is said, indeed, that the farms on the mountain, by the gradual disintegration of the soil, are constantly becoming more productive, notwithstanding insufficient manuring. It has been thought on some hands that deposits of potter's clay, or kaolin, exist in considerable quantities in the township; in regard to which the following remarks from the geological report for 1878 on the " clay deposits " are applicable: " Throughout much of the highlands and gneissic rock district of the State, and particularly towards the southwest, in the western portions of Morris, in Warren and Hunterdon counties, the disintegration of the strata near the surface, resulting in what is often called ' rotten rock,' is a characteristic feature in the geology of these counties. The Bethlehem clay is one of these out- crops or localities of rock, thus altered in appearance and composition. Other localities, where a little of such clay can be dug, are reported, but they have not been considered as sufficiently developed to be included in this report. That others of workable extent and of value may yet be discovered is highly probable, and care- ful researches, prudently carried forward, within the limits of the gneissic and associated outcrop of the so-called azoic formation of the State are advised." Statistical Information. The census of the township shows comparatively slight changes in population for many years past. In the period of forty years from 1840 to 1880 the gain was only a lit- tle over two hundred, while in the thirty years preceding it was nearly seven hundred. This difference in the rate of increase is due in large part to the tendency in the population of rural and old settled districts to emigrate to the west and to the towns. It may be true also that the number of children in families is not as large now as formerly, although we are inclined to think that the average has changed but little, if at all. The popu- lation of the township in 1810 was 1,793; 1820, 1,876; 1830,2,183; 1840,2,451; 1850,2,502; 1860,2,504; 1870, 2,484; 1880, 3,68i. The figures for the several villages STATISTICS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP— ANTIQUITIES. 373 in 1880 were as follows: German Valley, 130; Middle Valley, 60; Unionville, 57; Naughrightville, 81. There are 20,932 acres of land in the township, accord- ing to the comptroller's report for 1880, valued at |i,ioi,- 432; in 1880 the personal property was valued at $481,- 138, making a total of $1,582,570 assessed valuation of taxable property, from which there is to be deducted I377f77° for debts. The number of polls in 1880 was Ct6. The rate of tax for county purposes was $3.33 per $1,000; for schools, $2 per $1,000; for township pur- poses, 60 cents per $1,000; roads, $2.08 per $1,000. Total amount of taxes to be raised, $10,200.61, of which there were for expenses of the county $4,016; schools, $2,384.61; roads, $2,500; township, $t,3oo. The num- ber of marriages in 1878 was 13, of births 58, of deaths, 22. According to Gordon's Gazetteer there were in the township in 1830 8 stores, 11 saw-mills, 6 grist-mills, 3 forges (?), 20 tan vats and 10 distilleries. The taxes for that year were: State $314, county $703, schools $300; total, $1,617. In 1840, according to the " Historical Collections of New Jersey," there were in the township 17 (?) stores, I lumber yard, i forge, i tannery, 4 flouring (?) mills, 6 grist-mills, 8 saw and 4 oil-mills. The capital invested in manufacture was $127,000. The following list of prices, by decades, for the period 181 1-5 1, was furnished by Judge Robertson, of Bea- tyestown, a gentleman distinguished throughout the State for the accuracy as well as the extent of his knowledge; and, although it may not be of a strictly local nature, it can hardly fail to be interesting: Wheat Rye Oats Corn Buckwheat. . . . Day's Labor. . Harvest Wages Hay Making. . Pork Beef i»ii. 2.00 1. 00 ■5° 1. 00 •50 ■50 1-50 1. 00 .o8@.io ■OS .75@.8o • 35@-4o ■35 •3S@^4o ■35 ■50 1-25 1. 00 .o4@.o5 .04®. OS 1831. 1841. 1851. 1-25 .4o@.5o •35 .40®. 50 ■45@-5o ■75 1-5° ^ I.T2}^ ■05 •05 1. 00 ■50 ■25 ■50 •50 •75 1.50 1^25 .06 .07 1.25 •75 ■35 .60 •50 ■75 1-50 1-25 .06 .07 Antiquities. In the year 1758 an act was passed by the colonial Legislature appointing commissioners and authorizing them to buy up Indian lands and to extinguish the claim of the Indians to all lands in the province of New Jer- sey, and also to purchase a tract for a dwelling place for them. There was formerly an Indian trail in this township, whose location is still remembered. It is said to have commenced at the falls of Lamington, at the corner of Somerset and Hunterdon counties, and run thence in nearly a straight line to the Delaware Water Gap. It crossed the south branch of the Raritan a little below the German Valley bridge. It^ crossed Schooley's Moun- tain a few hundred feet west of the mineral spring. It is said that the medicinal properties of the spring were well known to the aborigines and they frequently visited it. The trail passed on to the Musconetcong, near New- burg, and thence by way of Barker's Mills in Warren county to the Water Gap. It was said to be the dividing line between two tribes of Indians. One of these tribes is' said to have released to the com- missioners above mentioned, and to have removed to a tract of 3,044 acres purchased under the same law, for the benefit of the Indians, and called Edgepelick, in the township of Evesham and county of Burlington. Al- though local tradition makes only one of the two tribes to have released to the State, it is probable that there was little difference in the time of the surrender of both, inasmuch as a note to Allison's laws declares that the commissioners appointed by the act of 1758 "obtained releases and grants from the Indians, fully extinguishing their claims to all lands in this colony." In the possession of Hon. H. W. Hunt of Schooley's Mountain are a number of very old and unrecorded deeds. We quote from one of these, which carries a claim of title back to 1726, and which is interesting, aside from other matters, on account both of its similar- ity to and difference from more modern conveyances in the language used. It reads as follows: "This indenture, made the 23d day of April 1745, be-, tween Samuel Schooley of Bethelhem in the county of Hunterdon, in the western division of the province of New Jersey, yeo,, and Avis his wife, of the one part, and William Henn of Lebanon in the county of Hunterdon aforesaid, yeo., of the other part, witnesseth that the said Samuel Schooley and Avis his wife, for the consid- eration of one hundred and fifty pounds of Proclamation money to them paid by the said Wm. H-enn, the re- ceipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge, and thereof acquit and forever discharge the said Wm. Henn, his heirs and assigns, by these presents, have granted * * * unto the said William Henn * * * and to his heirs and assigns a certain messuage or tenement plantation and tract of land thereunto belonging, situate in Lebanon aforesaid; beginning at a stone set for a cor- ner, thence southwesterly by De Cow's land to a white oak tree inraarked (T S) for a corner; thence north- westerly by the land late of Thomas Stevenson and the land of Wm. Cook to a corner stake; thence easterly by the said Wm. Cook's land to a corner stone; thence northerly by the said Wm. Cook's land to a white oak tree marked for a corner; thence easterly by Honnas Rushe's land to the first mentioned corner stone, the place of beginning; containing by estimation one hundred and ninety (190) acres be the same more or less. Being the remainder of three hundred and fifty acres of land which Isaac De Cow, of the town and county of Burlington in the western divirion of the province of New Jersey, yeoman, by indenture of the eleventh of the month called January, anno Domini 1726, did grant unto the said Samuel Schooley, his heirs and assigns in fee. Together also with all and singular the buildings, improvements, ways, easements, woods, waters, water courses, fisheries, fowlings, hawkings, huntings, rights, liberties, privileges, hereditaments, and appurten- ances whatsoever unto the said messuage or tenement plantation, tract of land and premises hereby granted or mentioned to be granted, belonging or in any wise ap- pertaining. * . * * Under the yearly quit-rent ac- cruing for the same to the chief lord of the fee thereof." 49 374 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. There were several log houses in the township. One is not far from William Martinas's place. Another, which stands just above Stephensburg, at some distance from any public road, was occupied a long time by Hetty Sullivan; and a third is on William Hann's place, also near Stephensburg. There is also across the road from the graveyard in German Valley a log house, which was occupied six or seven years ago. There is an old stone building at German Valley, said to be one of the oldest houses in the township, although it is also declared to have been erected in 1776; it is called the "fort." It was rebuilt in 1876, by Mr. Shonheit. The inscriptions on several of the stones in the old graveyard at German Valley are in German. On one, of a bluish kind of slate, with prettily carved ornaments about the sides, is the following: Hier Ruehet in Gott Maria Elisabetha Weiss. Sie ist geborerr den 29 tag September im Jahr 1724; ist gestorben den 12 tag Sep- tember im Jahr 1728; ist alt morden 63 jahr" — (de- faced). There exists a faint memory of one Reynolds (men- tioned in Dr. J. F. Tuttle's History of Morris County), who was hung at Morristown for complicity in counter- feiting the continental money. One peculiarity connected with the history of the - churches deserves notice at this point. There was no stove or fireplace or even chimney. A hole was dug in the middle of the audience room and bricked up, and a pile of charcoal was placed therein and set on fire. The smoke which escaped went out of a hole in the roof. It is said that the people were frequently made sick by the fumes, and had to be carried out. This was the only method of heating used for many years, both in the union church at German Valley and in the stone church at Pleasant Grove. Four soldiers of the British army, who had been taken prisoners and confined in this section, hearing of ap- proaching peace, and that they would be taken back to England, effected an escape from their jailers and made their way to the Musconetcong Valley. One was the fa- ther of Judge Robertson of Beatyestown, and settled in Warren county, and one was the grandfather of James Hance and settled near Stephensburg. The names of the others we have been unable to discover. The following is found in the records of the German Valley church in regard to the death of Washington, who died December loth' 1799,' it having apparently taken nearly eight weeks for the news to reach the Valley: "February 4th 1800. — This day the Trustees of both Congregations, Valey Meeting-house, met at the house of David Welsh Esq., and Took in consideration the ways and in what manner the pulpit shall be Dressed, and have agreed that the pulpit be dressed in black, under the in- spection of David Welsh Esq & Leonard Neighbour jr, Which we do hereby Instruct to Carry into effect, so as to have the same done by the 22nd day of this Instant." The Immigrants and their Descendants. Many names of people dwelling at German Valley at a very early date are found in the records of the church established at that place in 1746, and are mentioned elsewhere in this narrative. A more extended mention of a few of these families, however, is given below : The Hann family, now the most numerous on Schooley's mountain, as well as the oldest, traces its line of descent back for seven generations. A monument in the venerable graveyard of Pleasant Grove has the fol- lowing inscription: "To the memory of William and Elsie Hann, emigrants from Germany, and early settlers in this township, who died in 1794, aged 90 years each." They came from Germany to Schooley's Mountain about 1730. Samuel Schooley, after whom this mountain is named, was the first person who bought land of the pro- prietors. In 1732 he sold a large number of acres to a Mr. Holloway, and the latter soon after sold it to William Hann, who occupied and cultivated it, and it remains still in the family. William and Elsie Hann left three sons— Jacob, Wil- liam and John. The last named died without male issue. Jacob had two sons— William and Rhilip. The descend- ents of William are as follows : Maurice, William Mau- rice, Arthur, making seven generations, including the original William. Philip had three sons, viz., John, Philip and Jacob. The line from John is William, Man- cius, Minnie, making seven generations. Philip, son of PhiHp, had a son named Stewart, and a grandson named Miller, making six generations. Jacob, son of Philip, had a son named Philip H. and a grandson named Au- gustus, making six generations; he also had a son named John and a grandson named Matthias. William Hann, son of William and Elsie Hann, had a son named Law- rence and a granddaughter named Amanda, who mar- ried the Rev. H. W. Hunt, and was the mother of the present Holloway W. Hunt. Other leading families about Pleasant Grove are those of John P. Sharp, who has three sons^Stewart, John, and Edgar Sharp; James Everitt, James and Lawrence Fritts, John Sisher, George and William Lindaberry, John Middleswarth, Peter Hoppock, Nelson, James, Wil- liam, John and Philip Sliker, Isaac Smith, Theodore Felver and C. Sargeant, In the eastern part of the township should be men- tioned the families of Abram Dickerson, John Thomas, Cornelius T. Hildebrand, and Messrs. Flock, Stevens, Runyon, Trimmer, Dufford, Hance, Hoffman and Taylor. One of the early settlers on Schooley's Mountain was John CoUver, a descendant of John CoUver of England. The last mentioned had three sons — John, Edward and Joseph. Edward came to America and settled at New London, Conn., and had two sons. One of these was killed by the Indians; the other, named John, had a son named John; he married Sarah Winthrop, granddaughter of Governor Winthrop, and came with his family and lo- cated on Schooley's Mountain. He died in 1760, aged 90, and his wife in 1766, aged 83. Both were buried in the private burying ground near Pleasant Grove church. The farm remained in the family for several generations. Thomas, son of John Collver, purchased 200 acres on THE WELSHES AND NEIGHBOURS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 375 Schooley's Mountain in 1749. His son Simon Collver, born in 1745, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and died July nth 1828. David, son of Simon, born in 1787, married in 1809 Margaret, daughter of Jacob Myers, who was born in 1792 and died in 1866. He died in 1878. David J. Collver, son of David, removed in 1844 from Schooley's Mountain to Lafayette. In his 90th year he composed the song " The Republican Victory," which was published in the Newton Register. His reminiscences of Hackettstown were published in the Hackettstown Gazette in 1875. He organized the first Sunday-school in northern New Jersey, on Schooley's Mountain, in 181.8. George W., son of David J. Collver, was born on Schooley's Mountain, in 1810. He married Mary S. Hays, of Lafayette. He has lived at Allamuchy, Hunts- ville, Sparta and Lafayette. Jonathan William Welsh was the first of that family to settle in this section. He came from Germany, and made his home on the river bank in front of Philip L. Welsh's present location. He soon came into possession of a tract of about four hundred acres of timber land and swamp, which now constitutes the farms of Philip L. and John C. Welsh. Among his children were David, William, Elizabeth and Philip. David married Anna Maria Sharp, and lived on that part of the tract now occujjied by John C. Welsh. They had no children. This David Welsh is the Judge Welsh mentioned elsewhere. On his death he left his farm to a nephew during his lifetime, with remainder over to his children, who sold it to the present owner. William married, and lived on the farm now owned by Anthony Trimmer, at Middle Valley. One of their chil- dren was Dorothy, who married a prominent merchant of Hackettstown. Elizabeth married David Miller, a merchant at Middle Valley. They had several children. Philip married Susan Laric, and resided on that part of the original tract now owned by Philip L. Welsh. Their children were Elizabeth, Jacob, David, Margaret, Susan, Anthony and Philip. Elizabeth married Jacob Swackhammer, and lived and died on the farm adjoining the Presbyterian churih, now owned by John C. Welsh. Their children were: John, who married Mary Neighbour, and now lives at Middle Valley; Philip, who married Elizabeth Trimm.er and oc- cupied the homestead farm until his death; Susan and Mary, who married brothers, Jacob (2nd) and Isaiah Trimmer, respectively, and live in Hunterdon county, near Califon; and Margaret, who married Oliver Vecelius, of Hunterdon- county, and had one child, Jehial, who lives at German Valley. J'acob, son of Philip, was twice married, his first wife being Susan Couse. He was a man of much influence and held in high estimation in the community. He oc- cupied many prominent public offices in the county and township, and was for forty-eight years an elder in the Presbyterian church at German, Valley. His children were Mary, who married David Swackhammer and now resides on Pleasant Hill; Emily, who married Isaac Roelofson, a farmer of this township; and John C, who married Elizabeth Trimmer and was engaged in business as a merchant at Middle Valley for many years, but now resides on the farm mentioned above. He has been a successful business man- and held many offices of trust. He has been connected with the Hackettstown Bank for many years and is now its president, and is well known throughqut a large portion of fhe State. His children are: Jacob, who married Emma Latourette and succeeded his father at Middle Valley; Matthias T., who married Mary E. Hager, and lives at German Valley, and John C. jr., who died in infancy. Philip L. owns and occupies the farm of his father. He was married to Mary E. Dufford, and afterward to Catherine Trimmer. He had six children by his second wife,, four of whom are living, viz.: Gilbert, Carrie, Samuel and Katie, all residing at home. Caroline married W. G. Dufford, of Washington, N. J. She died leaving one child, who married Daniel Spaugenburg, a merchant of Washington, N. J. Jacob jr. married Eliza J. Sharp. He was a merchant of Hackettstown, N. J., and left six children. Of these Louisa married Robert Rusling, the present postmaster of that place; the others are living at home. By his sec- ond wife, Caroline Karns, he had one child, Samuel, who married Elizabeth Weiss. He was a merchant of German Valley, and died in the, prime of life, leaving one child, Mary, who married William Apgar, and now, resides in German Valley. David, son of Philip and Susan, lived and died in Morristown, leaving several children, one of whom is Philip H. Welsh, now of Morristown, who has one son and several daughters. Margaret ma,rried married ^George Crater, arid lived and died at Flanders, leaving a large family of children. Susan married Leonard Neighbour, a farmer of Ger- man Valley. They had three children: Catherine mar-- ried Mancius Hoffman and resides at Schooley's Moun- tain; Lydia Ann and Arthur live at home. Anthony married Eliza Voorhees, and lived at Succa- sunna. He, with all his children, died suddenly. Philip. married Catherine Brown and lived at Chester. He was a successful merchant at that place, and a man of very. active life, holding many positions of trust. He was a man of strict integrity and much respected in the community. Leonard Nachbur, or Neighbour, came from Germany, although probably not in 1707 with the first company of immigrants. He died in 1766, and the. he.adstone of his grave is still to be seen in the enclosure of the old church at German Valley. His son Leonard Neighbour died in 1806, and the latter's son Leonard died in 1854. The children of Leonard 3d were David, Leonard,; William, Anne and Mary. The children of. David are: Silas, living on the old homestead; James H. Neighbo.ur, a distinguished, lawyer of Dover; Nicholas, living in Gerhaan Valley; Calvin, liv- ing at Plainfield, Leonard D., living at High Bridge, and 376 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Elizabeth, wife of John P. S. Miller, living at German- town. The children of Leonard 4th are: Arthur, also living on the old homestead at German Valley; Catherine, who married Mancius H. Hoffman, and Lydia Anne, who lives at home. The children of William are Lemuel and Adeline, both living at Middle Valley, and Jacob, who lives in the State of California. Anne lives in Illinois. Mary married John Swackhammer and resides near German Valley. Of those who held a prominent place in the township half a century ago, a gentleman well informed in local affairs has given us the following names: Richard Lewis, 'Squire Lawrence Hann, Thomas Fritts, John Dufford, Lawrence Hager, Dr. Sanauel Willett, Rev. Holloway W. Hunt, Dr. Hutton, afterward of New York, a^d Rev. Dr. Pohlman, afterward pastor of the Lutheran church at Albany. Aaron Robertson, an old gentleman now living near Beatyestown, has a more than local reputation, and is regarded with the utmost respect and esteem by the entire community. He was at one time a judge of the court of errors and appeals, and was surrogate of Warren county two terms; he was also one of the commissioners appointed to examine the books of the Camden and Am- boy Railroad in 1832. William Dellicker sen., son of Frederick Dellicker, "in early life studied for the minis- try and actually preached one or two sermons, but finally abandoned his purpose and went into business at Spring- town. He was a man of considerable influence in the neighborhood, a member of the Legislature and a judge of the court of common pleas." In addition to these names, Rev. I. A. Blauvelt has given a sketch of the members of the session of the Presbyterian church at German Valley in 1813-17, from which the following is condensed : David Welsh was a man of considerable wealth and possessed an unusual degree of shrewdness and good judgment. Probably no man ever exerted more influ- ence in the valley. He held the offices of justice of the peace and county judge, and for twenty-five years in succession was a member of the State Legislature. He brought home from Trenton the first carpet ever used in German Valley, and people came from far and near to see it. He was also the owner of the first carriage in that place. After Mr. Castner's advent as pastor, Judge Welsh became so strict a Sabbatarian that it is said that, in order to prevent work on the Lord's day, he used to have the buckwheat cakes for Sunday baked on Satur- day afternoon. David Miller was a man much respected in the com- munity during his residence iii the valley, from which he removed to Hunterdon county, and afterward to Pater- son, Of his children, Jacob was a member of the United States Senate, and William was a lawyer of much promise, but met with an early death. Jacob Welsh was a justice of the peace for fifteen years, and a judge of the court of common pleas. Henry I. Hoffman, Dr. Ebenezer K. Sherwood and Andrew Flock were also members of the session at this period. All accounts, says Mr. Blauvelt, point to the year 1707 as the time that the first settlers of this township set foot on the shores of the New World. They came from Sax- ony in Germany, from the vicinity of a small city called Halberstadt. They were Protestants, some of them being Lutherans and others of the Reformed faith. Wearied out by Romish oppression and persecution, they left their homes to seek a place where they could worship God in the way they thought right, without fear or molestation. It was in the year 1705 that they set out. At first they went to Neuwied, a town in Prussia. Their stay in Neuwied was short. From there they went to Holland, at that time the freest country in Europe, and in 1707 they sailed for America. By their residence in Holland they formed many acquaintances with the Dutch, and it was therefore their purpose, in coming to this country, to settle among the Dutch at New York. But the winds were adverse, and instead of reaching the Dutch settlement they were carried south to Delaware Bay. Sailing up the bay and river, they landed at Philadelphia, which had been settled by the English Quakers about twenty-five years before. Pre- ferring still to make their home with the Dutch they de- termined to finish their journey to New York by land. Accordingly they left Philadelphia from a point known as the corner of Fourth and Vine streets, and passing up through Pennsylvania they crossed the Delaware at the spot where we now have the villages of Lambertville and New Hope. Thence by what is known as the "old York road " they came to the site of Ringoes, From this point the precise course which they took is not known; but they traveled in the general direction of New York until they arrived in the region now known as German Valley. Tradition has it that when these early settlers saw the beautiful country spread out before them one of their number exclaimed, "This, this indeed is the promised land which the Lord designed for us be- fore we left our homes; " and the whole company forth- with agreed to give up their project of going to New York, and to settle down and make their homes in this peaceful valley. The names of some of these settlers are known to us from the church records which have been preserved. The names of the elders of the German Valley church in 1769 were AVilliam Welsch, Caspar Eick, Conrad Roric (Rarick) and Dietrich Srubel; and in 1777 these were succeeded by Morris Sharpenstein (now Sharp), Jacob Heil, Peter Heil and Jacob Schuler. Among the names of those admitted to the communion of the church in 1769 are Sharpenstein, Rorick, Flammersfeld (now Flumerfelt), Hager, Welsh, Trumer (now Trimmer), Frees (now Erase), Pees (now Pace), Muller (now Miller), Hen (now Hann), Yung (now Young), and Cramer. In these names the sound has generally been retained more perfectly than the orthography, and most of them still have representatives in the township. Lawrence Hager, the first of that name of whom we LAWRENCE HAGER. THE HAGERS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 377 have knowledge, was born November i4lh 1735. His son John was born September 21st 1759. The latter's son Lawrence was born September 15th 1786; married Mary, daughter of John and Anne C. Sharp, and lived in German Valley. His children were: Angelina, who married McEvers Forman, of Easton, Pa.; John S., of whom a sketch appears below; and Jacob M. and Lydia, both deceased. It was the first Lawrence Hager who figures in the fol- lowing anecdote: During the war a stranger one day ap- peared at the inn at German Valley, and between the drinks of brandy and water made many remarks extremely derog- atory to the American cause and its defenders. He de- clared that the continental army was composed of a par- cel of ragamuffins and vagabonds, and that the year would not go out without witnessing the suspension of General Washington from a tree. His remarks were not received with favor, but he was a man of gigantic build. His brawny arms and clenched fists were fine things to look at as specimens of well developed manhood, but would have been very disagreeable things to encounter in personal combat; and at that time, our informant says, it was the custom to dispute with fists rather than with words — an excellent custom that doubtless saved a world of talking, but which has fallen sadly into disuse. There was no one about the tavern who cared to dispute with the stranger, and he had his own way without fear or molestation for some time. At length, however, one of the bystanders bethought himself of a famous local de- bater, who was the ancestor of a gentleman who at a later day sat in the Senate chamber of the United States. Lawrence Hager was a man of very advanced age at this period, but he was of magnificent physique, and he en- tered the inn door like another Cicero and stared intently at the noisy stranger. At that time it was a custom among the farmers of that region to wear large leathern aprons, probably to serve the same office that overalls do now. As he entered the tavern he loosened the apron from about hiip, and, casting it on the floor, roared in stentorian tones, " Where is that Britisher? " This stir- ring argument closed the debate. The unfortunate tory gave one hasty glance at the orator and darted through a side door, to disappear forever — the last of the tories of the township of whom tradition preserveth mem- ory. John S. Hager. John S. Hager was born in Gerrrian Valley, Morris county. New Jersey, March 12th 1818. His ancestors on both sides were German Protestants, who, being driven from their homes by the fierce persecutions that toolc place during the religious wars that so long dis- tracted their native land, first retreated to Holland, and afterward emigrated to America. They landed in Phila- delphia in 1707, and with other German colonists finally settled in an uninhabited portion of New Jersey, to which they gave the name of German Valley, where they purchased lands and engaged in agricultural pursuits. His paternal great-grandfather was a soldier of the Revo- lution in the army of Washington, and his grandfather was a soldier in the war of 181 2. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm, and after receiving a preparatory training entered the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, where he gradu- ated in 1836. Subsequently he entered upon the study of law under the direction of Hon. J. W. Miller, formerly United States senator from New Jersey. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1840, and commenced the practice of his profession in Morristown, in his native State. In 1849 Mr. Hager emigrated to California, where he arrived in the spring of that year, and for a while engaged in mining pursuits. In the winter of 1850 he became a permanent resident of San Francisco, where he resumed the practice of his profession. He soon acquired a large practice, and was recognized as among the leading members of the bar. In 1852, without his knowledge or consent, he was placed in nom- ination by the Democratic party of San Francisco for the State Senate, and being urged by a committee of citizens to accept he reluctantly consented, and was elected by a handsome majority when his colleague on the same tick- et was defeated. In 185s he was elected State district judge for the dis- trict comprising the city and county of San Francisco, for the term of six years. Concerning this portion of his public service an editorial writer in the New York Jlerald S3.\A: " In that capacity he distinguished himself by firmness, impartiality, and fine legal attainments. Judge Hager had to brave the storm of the Vigilance Committee in 1856. His character stood so high that not a word was uttered to his discredit at a time when few magistrates escaped harsh criticism." At the end of his term Judge Hager retired from the bench with health considerably impaired by intense application to the du- ties of his office. He immediately entered upon an ex- tended tour in Europe and portions of Asia and Africa, which occupied him two years. During the late civil war he was a firm and avowed Union man. In 1865, and again in 1867, he was elected to the Senate of California, and as a member of that body voted in favor of the thirteenth amendment of the constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery. He also proposed the joint resolution in the Senate of Cali- fornia to reject the fifteenth amendment to the constitu- tion of the United States, and advocated this resolution January 28th 1870, in a speech of great learning and elo- quence. While presenting with much force the injur- ious results to his ow.n State if the proposed amendment to admit Africans to the right of suffrage should also be extended to the Chinese, he said: "I have no prejudices against this race merely on the ground of color. I would think meanly of myself if I stood in my place here to djnounce them because their skins are not as white as mine. I am a northern man — born in a northern State; was a Union man during the war. From the first gun fired upon Sumter I took my stand under the flag and by the constitution. I remain there yet. Regretting the war, hoping and praying it would come to some amicable adjustment that might 378 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. again unite us as a nation, I believed then, as I do now, that divided we would both fall, but united we might de- fy the world. * * * If we extend suffrage to the African how can we refuse it to the Chinese? They are superior as a race to the African; have maintained a government and attained a civilization superior to the negro. We, as Californians, have to meet this question in our own State. We stand here upon the extreme verge, the ultima tJnile, If I may so express it, of west- ern civilization. We can go no further west; to do so, as Father Junipero said, is to take to the water. Eastern and western civilization meet upon our soil, and we alone have to breast this new influx which is now rolling in upon us from Asia. With our new commercial rela- tions with China, and with steam communication, what will the future reveal? Why, sir, China might spare from her surplus population a million of men without experi- encing the sensation of a vacuum, and in the course of a few years we may be entirely under the dominion of this people. * * * Is this mere fancy? Is it more improbable that suffrage will be extended to the Chinese within ten years than it was ten years ago that suffrage would be extended to the slaves of the South? " While in the Legislature Mr. Hager took a leading po- sition, and was at the head of the chief committee of the Senate. He was instrumental in effecting many needed reforms in the civil and criminal laws. He was known as an " anti-subsidist,'' and voted against all bills favor- ing the building of railroads for individuals at public ex- pense. In 1870, when it was the unpopular side, he voted against the bills of the Central and Southern Pa- cific Railroad Companies in the memorable contest which took place to pass them over the veto of Governor Haight. He also took a deep interest in establishing the Uni- versity of California, and was chairman of the joint com- mittee of the two houses appointed to mature and perfect the bill introduced and finally passed for that purpose. In i868 he was elected one of the regents of the univer- sity, and he continues to hold that position. In October 1872 he was married to a daughter of the late James H. Lucas, a prominent and leading citizen -of St. Louis, a son of Judge John B. C. Lucas, who was born in Normandy, France, in 1762, emigrated to the United States, settled in Pennsylvania, and while repre- senting that State in Congress was appointed by Presi- dent Jefferson judge of the United States court in upper Louisiana, when he resigned his seat in Congress and re- moved to St. Louis in 1805, where during a long and eventful life he ranked among the most marked and in- fluential men in that section of the west. Mr. Hager was elected to the United States Senate as an anti-monopoly Democrat for th-e unexpired term of Eugene Casserly, resigned. His election was noticed with approval by leading journals of all parties. The San Francisco Examiner said: " Long ago Judge Hager established a reputation for learning and integrity, which he illustrated on the bench of the fourth district court in this city, and during three terms in the State Senate, where he acquired legislative experience of service to him in his new capacity. He has all the elements of success with him and within him. We have no doubt he will make an impression in the fed- eral Senate by his quiet, dignified deportment, his calm, judicial bearing, his scholarly attributes, his closely logi- cal yet interesting style of speech in debate, his judicial ability, and his familiarity with public affairs." A Republican journal, the Sacramento Daily Union, said: "Judge Hager's abilities, culture, educational training, and legislative experience, qualify him to maintain a re- spectable position in the national Senate. In something like six years' service in the California Senate, commenc- ing as far back as 1851, he always showed great skill, self-possession and force in debate. We feel no apprer hension but that he will prove an efficient and valuable ally of the people's cause." Mr. Hager took his seat in the United States Senate February 9th 1874. During the time he was a member of that body he took a modest but influential part in the debates, and devoted himself with energy and faithful- ness to the duties of his position. Eajily Taverns. The earliest hotel was situated in German Valley; we can obtain the name of no proprietor previous to Jacob Drake. It was certainly in existence at the time of the Revolution. Another ancient caravansary was that at Pleas- ant Grove, with the somewhat unpleasantly suggestive name of the " Jug Tavern." This inn was probably built when the turnpike was first cut through and con- tinued in operation for about fifty years. The earliest landlord was Lambert Bowman. It was during his pro- prietorship that an accident occurred which is still re- membered. A celebration of the national anniversary was held at the Grove in 1808. Just in front of the Jug Tavern a large crowd had gathered to assist in or witness the firing off of a large cannon. By some accident one of the discharges of the gun was premature, and the swab struck Luther Garner, who was standing nearly in front of the piece, passing through his body, tearing off one of his arms, mutilating him in a horrible manner and killing him instantly. » Another hotel of long standing is that at Springtown, which was first kept by Azael Coleman, and which is still in operation. There was formerly a hotel at Middle Val- ley and also one at " Mud Street." There are at present four hotels in the township. Mills, Stores, etc. Jacob Swackhammer's grandfather informed him that the earliest grist-mill in the township was situated in Ger- man Valley and was kept at an early day by Henry Neit- ser. It is thought that it was in existence for some time previous to the Revolution. Nicholas Neighbour had a similar mill at Middle Valley, which was also a very old' mill, and Caspar Wack had a fulling-mill and an oil-mill at German Valley during the time that he was pastor of the church at that place. It is probable that there were not more than. two stores in the Valley previous to 1800, one at German Valley, kept by Jacob Neitser, and one at Middle Valley, kept by David Miller. The store at Pleasant Grove was established about 1820 and was first BUSINESS INSTITUTIONS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 379 kept by Thomas Smith, but it was not in the same build- ing in which Mancius H. Hann now carries on the busi- ness, the latter building being erected by Lawrence Hann about 1850. The store at Springtown, about half way be- tween German Valley and Belmont Hall, was established about 1812, and was first kept by Welsh & Dellicker, af- terward by Neighbour & Dellicker. The store was dis- continued about ten or twelve years ago. There was also a store at German Valley kept by Lawrence Hann about sixty years ago. There are now ten stores in the town- ship. There were several blacksmiths' shops in operation at the commencement of the century. About that time the one at German Valley was occupied by William Willet, and the one at Middle Valley by Isaac Willet. Asher Jones carried on the one at Pleasant Grove, but in 1809 removed to Springtown, where he either opened a new one or succeeded some one already engaged in the busi- ness. We are informed that th^se four were the only ones at that time in the township. There are nine at present. An apple distillery was kept by one Roelofson in the neighborhood of Middle Valley between 1800 and 1810, and continued in operation a number of years. Leonard Neighbour carried on a similar enterprise in the neigh- borhood of German Valley at a- somewhat earlier date. Just previous to 1832 he divided the greater part of his property among his children, and the distillery came to Jacob's share. Soon after the division had been effected Leonard and his wife went to hear a temperance sermon by a Mr. Grant, a friend whom Dr. Hutton had brought from Philadelphia to lecture on that subject. So strong- ly were they impressed by this discourse that they at once destroyed the distillery and made good its value in Jacob's share. There is a marble yard at Springtown and a butcher shop and harness shop at German Valley. Hance & Apgar and L. H. Trimmer deal largely in wood and lum- ber. Post- Offices. Probably the first post-offices were established in the township between i8ro and 1820. The first mail route was by way of Chester and passed over the mountain at Pleasant Grove. At this time or a little later there were offices at Springtown, Pleasant Grove, German Valley and Middle Valley. The one at Middle Valley is prob- ably the oldest, and was first kept by David Miller. The one at Springtown was the post-office for the hotels at the "Springs," and has been .changed several times back and forth between one place and the other. William Dellicker was the first to have charge of this office. Charles Watson was the first postmaster at Pleasant Grove, and he was succeeded by Jonathan Wilson. Wil- son's clerk was in the habit of opening the letters con- taining money which passed through the mail, and for some time did so with impunity; but at last he was sus- pected, and, having taken and used some marked money which had been enclosed in a letter, was arrested, con- victed, and sentenced to State prison, where he served his term. In Beemish's Traveler's Directory for the Uriited States for 1820 we find none of the localities in this township named as post-offices, and it is possible that the date fixed for the establishment of offices at the places above named is a trifle too early. There were at that time but 4,030 offices in the United States, which was regarded as a marvelous increase over the commencement of the century, when the total number was but 903. The rates ot postage were as follows: For any distance not ex- ceeding 36 miles, 6 cents; 80, 10 cents; 150, 12 J^ cents; 400, 18^ cents; exceeding 400, 25cents. Double letters (or those composed of two piecesof paper) were charged at double those rates, triple letters at triple rates, quadruple letters quadruple rates if they weighed one ounce, otherwise triple rates. Newspapers were carried not over 100 miles for i cent; over 100 miles, 1% cents; but to any place within the State i cent whatever the distance. One of the old mail carriers is still remem- bered. His route was from Trenton through Somerset, Hunterdon and Morris counties, and then back again to Trenton, of which he made a six days' journey. He car- ried a horn with which he was accustomed to signal his arrival. He used to make one of his stopping places at Dr. Jacob Karn's, about half a mile below Middle Valley, where he stayed over night. There are at present seven post-offices in the town- ship. Schooley's Mountain Hotels. The period between 1800 and 1820 seems to have been one of marked activity throughout the northern portions of the county. It was during this epoch that many of the principal highways were constructed, at once an evidence of growing enterprise and a fruitful source of improvement. The turnpike running over Schooley's Mountain and connecting Morristown with Easton was chartered in 1806, and is said to have been completed about the year 1810. One result of the opening of this turnpike was to bring the mineral springs situated on the mouiitain with- in reach of travelers. Conover Bowne was the first to keep a hotel at this place; he began business about 1810. His place was close by the mineral spring, and the first attempt does not seem to have been very successful. His house was_not large and could accommodate but few boarders. An agreement to sell a tract of land (being the same on which now stand the Heath House, Belmont Hall, and the residences of H. W. Hunt and W. W. Marsh), by Joseph Colver to Joseph Heath, dated 1799, still exists, in the possession of W. W. Marsh. Mr. Heath came from Hunterdon county, and saw at once the importance which the springs might be made to as- sume as a place of resort under propef management. Between 1810 and 1815 he erected a number of build- ings, but not of a first-rate order, on the ground where the Heath House is at present situated. His establish- ment was able to accommodate comfortably between 38o HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. thirty and forty boarders. In 1816 he secured the ser- vices of Ephraim Marsh as manager, and gradually made additions to the buildings and improved the properly in various ways until about 1820, when he sold them to Mr. Marsh, who had become his son-in-law. From 1820 un- til 1850 continual improvements and additions were made by Mr. Marsh to the Heath House, until it reached its present capacity of about three hundred guests. The present proprietor is J. Warren Coleman. Analyses of the mineral spring had been made between 1810 and 1815, by Drs. Jackson and McNevin, of the University of New York, who declared it to be the purest and best chalybeate water known at that time in the country; and this fact, together with the pure moun- tain air and the romantic surroundings, first brouj^ht it favorably into notice. Dr. Green, professor of chemistry in Lafayette College, who has recently analyzed the wa- ter of the sj.ring, declares that he finds but very little change in its composition since the earliest analyses were made, nor has it varied in quantity in all that time. The waters have been known to effect wonderful cures. in re- storing physical vigor, and especially in cases of calculus concretions and derangement of the urinary functions or organs. The spring itself is now the property of William Wallace Marsh. The mountain largely owes its fame and success as a summer resort to the enterprise and business energy of Judge Marsh. That gentleman (whose portrait appears herewith), was born at Mendham, in 1796, and came to Schooley's Mountain in 1816. For nearly half a century he was one of the prominent and most respected citizens of the county. He was long active in politics, and at different times represented the county in both branches of the Legislature, being for some time the president of the Senate. He held the office of judge of the court of com- mon pleas for many years; was a member of the conven- tion that revised our State constitution in 1844; was a prominent candidate for the governorship at the time of the nomination of Mr. Olden, and was president of the national convention in Philadelphia in 1856 that nomi- nated Millard Fillmore for President — but which nomi- nation he was constrained to renounce subsequently, and gave his reasons for so doing in an able letter published in the early part of the campaign. Judge Marsh, however, was better and more widely known from his longconnection with and eminent suc- cess in the management of the Morris' Canal Company. The canal, costing millions of dollars, and designed as one of the great avenues for the transportation of pro- duce and merchandise, but chiefly of anthracite coal from Pennsylvania to New York city, had become worth- less as a public work, when Judge Marsh became presi- dent of the company. For the last sixteen years of his life he devoted all his energy and resources to this insti- tution, and he lived long enough to see it become under his management not only a great business success but one of the most profitable investments of capital to be found aiiywhere. ' - He died in the summer of 1864, in his 68th year, while on a visit to his only surviving son, William Wal- lace Marsh, on Schooley's Mountain. The first buildings of Belmont Hall were erected about 1820 by Conover Bowne, who had given up his house by the spring, and it was controlled by him for some years, after which it came into the possession of William Gibbons, of Madison, who had also became the owner of the mineral spring. Mr. Gibbons did much toward enlarging and improving the property, and re- mained in possession of it until his death. It tjien passed into the ownership of his daughter, Mrs. Frank Lathrop, and then into that of Edward Holland, and finally into the hands of David A. Crowell, who is the present owner as well as manager. Mr. Crowell has been connected with the hotels on the mountain for about thirty years, during the last twenty of which he has been the proprie- tor of the Belmont, which has prospered greatly under his charge. As a summer resort Schooley's Mountain is one of the oldest in the country. The old hotel registers show a goodly list of distinguished visitors. From Pennsylvania came such men as John Sargent, once a candidate for the vice-presidency; Vice-President George M. Dallas, ex-Governor Edward Coles, Dr. George B. Wood, Rich- ard Vaux, General Cadwallader and others. Among those from New Jersey were Garret D. Wall, Peter D. Vroom, Philemon Dickerson, WiUiam L. Dayton, Gov- ernor Pennington, Samuel L. Southard, Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen and Hon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen. Among those from New York were Jacob Le Roy, C. V. S. Roosevelt, ex-Governor E. D. Morgan, Rev. Dr. Spen- cer H. Cone, Rev. Dr. George B. Cheever, Dr. Mcllroy and others. Many distinguished men from other sec- tions of the country were frequent guests, and although the place has a larger number of visitors at the present time it probably occupied a much more prominent posi- tion as a fashionable resort forty years ago than now. Many of the guests, not to be enticed by the glare and attractions of Long Branch, Saratoga or Newport, have returned here year after year without intermission for periods of twenty or thirty years, and in a few instances for thirty-five and forty years. David Sargent, of Phil- adelphia, was an annual visitor for forty years, and Prof; Ruggles, of Washington, D. C, for thirty-nine years. Physicians and Lawyers. There seems to have been no resident physician in the township before 1800. Dr. Samuel Hedges, ancestor of the present Dr. Hedges of Chester, practiced in the val- ley and Fox Hill district, and Drs. Cook and Stewart, of Hackettstown, attended to the wants of the people on Schooley's Mountain. Dr. Eliphalet Kopp or Copp is the earliest resident physician of whom there appears to be any remembrance. He lived here perhaps as long ago as 1800, and came from New England. Dr. Ebenezet K. Sherwood settled at Middle Valley about 1813 ot 1814, and removed from there to Haeklebarney' about 1845. It was previous to 1820 that Dr. SamuelWillet commenced ;to practice at German Valley, which he con- =*=#*- 'r RES OF W"* W. MARSH , SCHOOLEYS MOUNTAIN, N J t *-^^ SCHOOLS OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 381 tinued to do until succeeded by his son Dr. Eliphalet C. Willet, who practices there at the present time, and is much respected and esteemed both as a physician and citizen. About twelve years ago Dr. Farrow settled at Middle Valley, and he has established a good practice. Dr. Martin has practiced for several years at the "Springs." Ira C. Whitehead once practiced law in the township, but with that exception Holloway W. Hunt is the only lawyer who has ever made his home in Washington. Mr. Hunt resides at the " Springs," and is already known as a rising man in the profession. He has engaged actively in politics, and represented his district in the Legislature during the years 187S and 1879. His grandfather, Rev. H. W. Hunt, was the youngest of sixteen children, and was born in Westchester county, N. Y., in 1769. He was pastor of the churches of Newton and Sparta, and afterward for forty years of the churches of Bethel, Alex- andria and Kingwood in Hunterdon county. Of his four children the Rev. H. W. Hunt jr. removed to Wash- ington township in 1826, where he married Amanda, daughter of Lawrence Hanu, in 1827. Two of their chil- dren, Lawrence H. and Holloway W., now reside in the township. Schools. The following information regarding schools is taken chiefly from the " Centennial Collections of Morris County," pages 51 and 52. In 1798 there were six schools in Washington town- ship. They were situated in what are now known as the districts of Pleasant Grove, Flocktown, Middle Valley, German Valley, Schooley's Mountain and Naughright- ville. The buildings in the first three were of logs; in the last there was a frame school-house. The average daily attendance at these buildings was about 153, di- vided as follows: Flocktown 20, Pleasant Grove 18, Middle Valley 40, German Valley 30, Schooley's Moun- tain 25, Naughrightville 20. The city or town schoolboy of to-day must regard with horror when he comes to learn of them the uncouth habits and dreadful hours which prevailed among the pu- pils of sixty and seventy years ago. A good housewife eighty-two years of age informed us that she used to have to rise very early and " scratch around sharp to get the young ones off in time for school." Mr. Birch, who taught in the Valley, was not particularly exacting in this respect, but Master Robert Caul, who came from Chester and was of Dutch descent, used to expect the children on the mountain to be in their places at 7 o'clock in the severest winter weather, and in milder seasons be- gan to teach at half past 6. School was dismissed at 6 o'clock in the evening, and sometimes, when the children had learned their lessons better than usual, at 5 o'clock. This same Mr. Birch, the savor of whose name still lingers in the memory of an old gentleman of ninety-six years, was of a genial and vivacious disposition. His visits to the tavern were often more frequent and more prolonged than would be considered desirable in a teacher now-a-days. His pupils, getting an inkling of this foible of his, on one occasion at noon-spell gathered in the school-room and locked the teacher out. On his return they succeeded in maintaining their position, and re- fused to surrender except on condition of being treated. The master forthwith (so runs the tale) returned to a neighboring magazine, procured a bottle and cup, and gave the children a drink all round. A holiday was procured once in the school at Pleasant Grove by the mischief of the boys. They stopped up the chimney with leaves and other material so successfully that the room was utterly untenable, and a vacation was had until the chimney could be cleaned. During the first three decades of the present century the old school-houses were replaced by stone structures, whicli were thought to be more durable and handsome. The stone building at Flocktown was erected in 1823, that at Pleasant Grove in 1827, at a cost of $150; the one at Middle Valley in r8io, that at German Valley in 1830, th* at Schooley's Mountain in 1825, and the one at Naughrightville in 1830. The average daily attendance of pupils during these three decades was about 220, as follows: at Flocktown 40, at Pleasant Grove 25, at Middle Valley 55, at German Valley 35, at Schooley's Mountain 35, at Naughright- ville 30. Frame buildings have replaced the stone structures in all these districts with the exception of German Valley, where the school-house is the one erected in 1830. The present frame school-house at Stephensburg was elected in 1835, and the average daily attendance during the first ten years was about 28. A log school-house was built in the Fairmount district in 1826, and in 1836 the present stone structure, which, as well as the site therefor, was given by Mr. Philhower to the district. The average attendance at the log house was about 18, and the former attendance in the second building about 25. In the Unionville district a frame building was erected in 1830 and had an average attendance of 20 pupils. This building was succeeded in 1872 by the present one. The average attendance at these schools for the year 1880 was as follows: Flock 22, Naughright 36, German Valley 78, Schooley's Mountain 43, Stephensburg 27, Pleasant Grove 21, Middle Valley 18, Philhower 19, Unionville 24. In 1840 there were (according to the Historical Collections of New Jersey) 15 schools and 753 pupils. In 1880 there were 9 schools (public), 724 chil- dren between 5 and 18 years of age, 587 pupils enrolled on the school register, and 11 teachers, of whom three were males and eight females. The total amount of in- come for the year was $3,137-59, of which all except $149.55 was used to support the schools. The male teachers received an average monthly salary of $31.72 and the female of $30.67. The schools were kept open for an average period of 9.6 months. Among the early teachers were Robert Caul or Call George Phillip, Hurd, Jacob Alpaugh, Caspar Wack, Miss Brackett, and Mr. Birch already mentioned. Several 50 382 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. private schools have existed in the township. Those of Rev. Mr. Taylor and Mr. Hunt are noted elsewhere. Rev. Luke I. Stoutenburg conducted one at Schooley's Mountain for several years. Mr: Stoutenburg is a gentle- man of much culture and refinement, and has exercised a larg;e degree of influence for good in the community where he has dwelt. The Stoutenburg Family originally came from the Hague, in Holland, and Jaco- bus Stouttenburg, its first representative in this country, settled at Hyde Park, Dutchess county, N. Y-, about the year 1712. He married Miss Margaret Teller, in 1717, and to them were born eight children — Tobias, Peter, John, Jacobus, Luke, Anna, William,' and Margaret. Luke, the grandfather of Rev. Mr. Stoutenburg, married Miss Rachel Teller, and to them were bojn also eight children. Of these James L. married Sarah Morris, of Clinton, Dutchess county, N. Y., and they were the pa- rents of Rev. Luke I. Stoutenburg, who was born in Clin- ton. The first two generations of ' Stoutenburgs- were large land owners in Dutchess county, and the family has always occupied a prominent place in that locality. , Rev. L. I. Stoutenburg was engaged, after the death of his father and when only fourteen years of age, as a clerk in a dry goods house in New York city, and after remaining there for two years commenced a course of study. for the ministry, which he completed after eight years of industrious effort, and was licensed by the New York .Congregational Association in 1841. On the even- ing after receiving his license he commenced preaching to the Congregational church at Chester, Morris county, where' he continued his labors for nearly twenty-seven years. - After his settlement there his congregation soon became large, revivals of religion among his people were ■numerous, and large numbers were converted. Under his ministry the old meeting-house was first repaired, and afterward replaced by the present handsome structure. .His preaching was mainly directed -against the existing evils of the community and the natio^n', especially against intemperance and slavery. He was for eleven years the superintendent of the public .schools of Chester town- ,ship, a'nd was the projector and oneiof the main founders ,of the famous Chester Institute, of which he was pro-' .prietor and principal for three, years after William ■Rankin (the learned, cultured, generous and noble- hearted old gentleman who was the pioneer schoolmaster of northern' New Jersey) left it to establish himself in .Mendham in 1864. On account of ill health Mr. Stout- ■.enburg was obliged to give up both church and school, and he removed to Schooley's Mountain Springs for the :improvemenf of his health. There he purchased the Forest Grove House and esfabli.shed the Schooley's Mountain Seminary, which under his charge became one of the most successful and flourishing schools in the State. A large number of individuals, both ladies, and! gehtlemen, who,. have been educated under his charge remember Mr. Stoutenburg with honor and esteem, both as a frierid and preceptor; and although not now engaged in active labor, his life's work has been one of noble a;nd useful endeavor. By his first wife. Miss Harriet E. Reeve, daughter of David Reeve, of Middletowti, N. Y., he had four children — Sarah Esther, wife of Law- rence Hunt, of Schooley's Mountain Springs: James Emmet, a successful lawyer of Passaic, N. J.; Arthur Tobias, a student at Lafayette College; and William Franklin, who was professor in the Protestant College at Beyroot, Syria. Of the young gentleman last named, his pastor, the Rev. E. P. Lennel, has written the following account: He entered Princeton College in 1875, and at once gained a prominent position for his high mental ability and moral character,' and graduated in 1879 with high honor. It was his desire to enter the Christian ministry, but Providence seemed clearly to indicate another field. The friends of the Protestant College at Beyroot-were then seeking a man to fill a vacancy in the faculty there. The unanimity with which these and the faculty at Princeton agreed upon Mr. Stoutenburg as the man for the place was highly complimentary to him and gratify^ ing to his friends. He went, when he needed rest, to fill a very important and difficult position in the Syrian College. That he attained success and satisfied the hij,h expectations of his friends is shown by the high esteem in which he was held by all who knew him at Beyroot. One of the faculty there wrote to a member of the family, after it was decided that he must rest for a time: " His quiet, genial, lovable disposition has endeared him to all his associates and the mission circle at Beyroot, while his talents and effici^ency as a scholar and instructor comnaand the respect of the students and the entire com- munity. I could almost -believe your brother a special favorite of the Master, there is so much truth and sweetness in his disposition." He set out on his return to this country during the year 1881, in high spirits and with bright hopes of meeting familiar faces once rhore, although somewhat broken in health. He was taken violently sick on the return voyage, and died and was buried at sea when but two days out from New York. The first intelligence of the event was received by his friends on the arrival of the ship, when they were waiting to welcome him home. Iron Mines. Judge Ephraim Marsh was the first to take an interest in iron mining in the township; he began to develop the vein on the Mine Hill farm as much as fifty years ago, and this mine was the one chiefly worked in Washington untili857. The operations, however, were not extensive, and the ore was carted to neighboring forges to be worked up into blooms. At a later day the Fisber mine became prominent and in some years it has yielded as much as r5;ooo tons of ore. William Wallace Marsh, son of Judge Marsh, and now residing at Schooley's Mountain, has also been largely interested in the development of the iron industry. For many years he has been qne, of the directors of the Thomas Iron Company of Pennsylvania. j i'^^^^:^ yw"^- ^fffj ?^-'- --^^^^ n^^ •^ Vi, ;^^ IV3 ET ___ _ f^ r^ i:n - ^ ^;, -" ' , § •« ■0 1 #^l /^ >vr-i. L ^ FT I c. IRON MINES IN WASHINGTON— TOWNSHIP OFFICERS 383 'I'he following extract from Gordon's Gazetteer of New Jersey (published in 1830) may prove interesting in this connection: " The first [ore] in a mine opened within a gunshot of the Heath House is highly magnetic, so much so, indeed, as to render the use of iron tools. about it highly incon- venient. The following extraordinary circumstances we give on the authority of Mr. [Judge] Marsh. The tools by continued use become so strongly magnetized that in boring the rock the workman is unable after striking the auger with his hammer to separate them in the usual mode of wielding the hammer, and is compelled to resort to a lateral or rotary motion for this purpose; and the crowbar has been known to sustain in suspension all the other tools in the mine, in weight equal to a hundred pounds. These facts are supported by the assurance of Gen. Dickerson that the magnetic attraction of the tools used in his mine adds much to the fatigue of boring; and that it is of ordinary occurrence for the hammer to lift the auger from the hold during the process of boring." The mines in this township according to the report of the State geologist for 1880 are the Hann, Hunt Farm, Stoutenburg, Fisher, Marsh, Dickerson, Hunt, Lake, Naughright, Sharp, Rarick, Hoppler and Poole mines producing magnetic ores, and on hematite veins the Neighbour and Dufford mines. The two last named are in the neighborhood of German Valley. The Neighbour mine, two miles northeast of Califon, sent its ore to the Chester furnace, but it proved too troublesome on ac- count of the zinc in it, of which there was about ten per cent., besides nearly four per cent, of lead. The ore of the Dufford mine was used at th-e furnace at Port Oram. Explorations made last winter and spring in the same -neighborhood on farms of Messrs. Trimmer by Isaac Hummer, of High Bridge, discovered under drift from five to eight feet thick deposits of brown hematite on blue limestone, widespread on these farms. These dis- coveries, together with previous ones, indicate a general occurrence of these ores in the valley. The older open- ings are on the Fox Hill side of the valley, but these latest made are at the foot of Schooley's Mountain. Township Officers. Town Clerks (records lost previous to 1841). — John McCarter, 1841; Jacob M. Hager, 1842-50; John T. Hoffman, 1851; Jacob Welsh jr., 1852-57; David Karn, 1858-64; Edward Weise, 1869-71; Lyman Kice, 1872-7.9; Matthias C. Welsh, 1880, 1881. Assessors. — Jacob Bird, 1841, 1845-47; .Peter Wortman, 1842-44; Eliphalet C. Willet, 1848-50; William Naugh- right, i85r-53; John C. Welsh, 1854-56;- Leonard G. Neighbour, 1857-59; August Metier, 1860-62; John C. Emmons, 1863, 1864; Jacob A. Skinner, 1865; David M. Young, 1866; Philip G. Stephens, 1867-69; Edward Weise, 1870-72; Anthony Trimmer, 1873-75; P. S. Weise, 1876-78; Baker La Rue, 1879-81. Collectors.— ]o\ix\ Naughright, 1841-43; Jacob Hann, 1844-46; Silas Walters, 1847-49; Jesse Hoffman, 1850-52; Jacob M. Hager, 1853-55, Morris Naughright, 1856-58; Philip S. Weise, 1859-61; John A. De Cue, 1862-64; Si- las Neighbour, 1865, 1866; George W. Bunn, 1867-69; Ja- cob C. Dellicker jr., 1870-75; William Runyon, 1876-78; E. Dufford, 1879-81. Town Comjnittee. — William Dellicker, 1841; William Emery jr., 1841; William Little jr., Jesse Hoffman, and George Bunn, 1841-43; Staats N. Weise and Lawrence Hann, 1842; Henry Bfuner, 1843-45, 1849-51, 1855, 1856, 1861-64; Isaac Trimmer, 1843, 1844; John Read jr., 1844, 1845, 1854, 1857; George Dufford and Conrad R.. Neighbour, 1844; William Hann 3d, Sylvester Neigh- bour and John Frone, 1845, 1846; Philip G. Stephens, 1846-48; Peter Wortman, 1846; Walter Thorp, 1847, 1858; Andrew Bay, 1847, 1848, 1857; Henry J. Hoffman, 1847-50; John J. Crater, 184.7, 1848; Daniel Dilts, 1848; John A. De Cue, 1849-51, 1873-78; John Bilby, 1849; David Crater jr., 1849, 1850; Philip S. Weise, 1850, 1852- 54, 1856-58, 1870-72; Morris Naughright, 1851-55, 1859- 64, 1879-81; Thomas Lake, 1851; William Rinehart, 1851-53; Isaac Roelofson, 1852-54, 1856, 1859, i860; John C. Welsh, 1852, 1853; David Karn, 1854; George W. Bunn, 1855, 1858, 1870-72; Silas Walters, 1855-57; Rob- ert M. Hockenburg, 1855; John P. Sharp, 1856; John V. Stryker, 1857; Jacob Bird, 1858, 1859; Noah Hoffman, 185860; David Miller, 1859-64; John E. Tiger, i860, 1861; Frederick H. Bryan, 1861, 1862; Joseph V. P. Parties, 1862; John Rinehart, 1863, 1864; Sylvester Lake, 1863-69; Samuel Pickle, 1865-69, 1876-78; Oba- diah Latourette, 1865-70; 1871-74; Joseph H. Parker, 186567; Anthony Trimmer, 186569; William Runyon, 1868-71; Elijah Dufford, 1870-72; William Martinas, 1873-78; S. H. Pickle, 1873-75; Silas Neighbour, 1873-81; H. P. Dufford, 1875-78; Jacob H. Hann, 1879-81. ■ Commissioners of -Appeals. — Aaron Howell, 1841; John 3. Dufford, 1841; David Welsh 3d, 1841; Lawrence Neighbour, 1842; John J. Crater, 1842, 1843; John Reed, 1842, 1843; Nicholas McLean, 1843-45; Silas Walters, 1844; Henry Kennedy, 1844; William Sharp, 1845; Wil- liam Rinehart, 1845-50, 1860-65; Andrew Bay, 1846; Jacob Swackhammer, 1846; William Sharp, 1847; Henry I. Hoffman, 1847; Jacob Hann, 1848; George F. Crater, 1848-50; John T. Hoffman, 1849, 1854-57; Philip G. Stephens, 1850, 1876: Eliphalet C. Willet, 1851-53, 1861, 1862, 1865, 1877, 1878; John Crater, 1851; Peter Wort- man, 1851, 1852; John H. Weise, 1852; George W. Bunn, 1853, 1854; Jacob W. Neighbour, 1853: Augustus Met- ier, 1854-57; Aaron Robertson, 1855; Noah Hoffman, 1856-59; John Read jr., 1858, 1859; Jacob Bird, 1858, 1859, 1861-69; John A. De Cue, i860; J: V. P. Parties, 1870-75, 1877, 1878; Obadiah Latourette, 1870-74; Henry V. Anderson, i85o; Frederick H. Bryan, 1863, 1864; Henry Brunner, 1866-69; Holloway W. Hunt, 1866-72, 1876, 1878; J. C. Dellicker, 1871, 1872; A. S. Sutton, 1871; Philip Schuyler, 1871; Caspar P. Apgar, 1873, 1874, 1876; J. V. Stryker, 1875; John Naughright, 1875; William DelHcker, 1877, 1879-81; John C. Welsh, 1879-81; Samuel Pickle, 1879-81. Constables. — Alfred Kaar, 1841-43, 1845, 1846; Joseph Knight, 1841; Morris Weise, 1842; Philip H. Hann, 1843; Elias Howell, 1843; Christopher Trimmer, 1844, 1845; Jacob W. Neighbour, 1844, 1847; Andrew Phil- hovver, 1844; George W. Bunn, 1845, 1847, 1864, 1867- 69; Philip W. Swackhammer, 1845; Philip S. Weise, 1846, 1876-78; Conrad R. Neighbour, 1846; John H. Pace,i846; Staats N. Weise, 1847; Barney C. Denman, 1847; William T. Hildebrandt, 1848; Sylvester Lake, 1848; Daniel Dilts, 1849; John J. Crater, 1849, 1850; John Craft, 1841: E. C. Willet, 1854-56, 1859; David Karn, 1852, 1853; Jacob Cole, 1855, 1857; William A. Miller, 1856; Augustus Metier, 1858; Israel Sweazy, i860, 1861; James C. Beatty, 1862, 1863; David Swackhammer, 1865; David M. Young, 1866; Philip G. Stephens, 1867-69; Jacob C. Dellicker, 1870-75; Edward Weise, 1870-74; A. Trim- mer, 1875; William Runyon, 1876-80; E. Dufford, 1879, 1880; Baker La Rue, 1879-81; William Voorhees, 1880, 1881; L. R. Shoenheit, 1880, 1881. Chosen Freeholders. — Andrew Bay, 1841; John F. 384 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Smith, 1841; Lawrence Hager, 1842-49; Jacob Bird, 1842-44; John Naughright, 1845, 1846, 1850-54, 1865-70; William Dellicker, 1847, 1852, 1855-64, T867, 1868; John A. De Cue, 1853-55, 1857-60; George W. Bunn, 1856, 1871, 1872; Eliphalet C. Willet, 1861-63, 1873-77; Fred- erick H. Bryan, 1864-66; Silas Neighbour, 1869-72; Ed- ward Weise, 1873-76; L. H. Hunt, 1877-79; James An- thony, 1878, 1880, 1881. Overseers of Poor. — William Naughright, 1846-50; David Karn, 1851-53; E. C. Willet, 1854-59; Jacob Coles, 1857; Augustus Metier, 1858; Israel Sweazy, i860, 1861; James C. Beatty, 1862, 1863; George W. Bunn, 1864, 1867-69; David Swackhammer, 1865; Fred- erick Swackhammer, 1866; Jacob C. Dellicker, 1870-75; William Runyon, 1876-80; Baker La Rue, 1881. School Commissioners. — Holloway W. Hunt, 1841-46; William Dellicker, 1841-45; James Scott, 1841, 1842; R. G. Vermilye, 1843-45; John J. Crater, 1846. School Superintendents. — Rev. James H. Mason Knox, 1847, 1848; John F. Edwards, 1849; FredericTk Dellicker, 1850-52; Garret Van Artsdalen, 1853, 1854; Theodore Naughright, 1855-64; Holloway W. Hunt, 1865, 1866. CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, GERMAN VALLEY. For our account of this church we are indebted to the late pastor, the Rev. A. Hiller. This is probably the oldest church organization in the township and is the only Lutheran church in the county. It does not appear that the early settlers brought any ministers with them to this country; neither is it likely that they had any settled pastors for many years after their arrival. The Lutherans were probably visited from time to time by missionaries sent out from Hamburg and Holland as early as 1730. We have information that John Augustus Wolf, A. M., of Lobeglen, was ordained at Hamburg and sent as missionary to the province of New Jersey in the year 1734. The Lutheran church in the Valley for many years formed a part of the or- ganization called Zion Church at Germantown, Hun- terdon county, eight miles distant. The pastors lived there and preached here every third or fourth Sun- day. There is a tradition that the first church edifice was built of logs, and that it stood on or near the site of the old stone church, the walls of which are still stand- ing. This church was built by the Lutherans and the German Reformed people, probably as early as 1747. The old stone church referred to above was also built by the two congregations as a union church, in the year 1774. The walls are still standing, and with proper care will continue to stand for another century. The con- struction of this church is peculiar, and differs materially from the style of church architecture of to-day. It has no steeple and no gable ends, the roof sloping down to the walls on the four sides. There are two rows of win- dows on each side and there is no chimney. Over the little pulpit box which stood on one leg against the north side of the audience room was suspended a great " sounding board," and there were galleries on three sides of the church. First among the early Lutheran ministers who preached here was the Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, D. D., known as the "father of American Lutheranism," a man of great learning and deep piety. Besides his knowl- edge of Greek and Hebrew he spoke English, German, Dutch, French, Latin and Swedish. He visited the dif- ferent German settlements throughout the country and organized the scattered Lutherans, and afterward saw that they were provided with pastors. He was here as early as 1745. In March 1746 Rev. John Kurtz was sent here for a season "to collect the scattered flocks and instruct the young." In 1748 Rev. John Chris- topher Hartwick, the founder of Hartwick Seminary, N. Y., look charge of the congregation, but remained only a short time, when he accepted a call to New York city. He was followed in 1749 by the Rev. John Albert Wey- gand, who was ordained as the regular preacher of this charge on the first Sunday in Advent, 1750. Mr. Wey- gand was succeeded in 1753 by Pastor Schenck, of whose labors we have no further information. The lat- ter was followed by the Rev. Dr. H. M. Muhlenberg, who had frequently visited this field before and exer- cised a sort of presiding eldership over it. He was pas- tor here from the 3d of June 1759 until the 2nd of May 1760. Dr. Muhlenberg was followed in 1760 by the Rev. Paul D. Brizelius, a Swede by birth, who had re- cently been licensed " by the Synod of the United American Lutheran Church of the Swedish and German Nations." It was during his pastorate that the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg organized the congregation at German Val- ley. In 1767 Pastor Brizelius accepted a call to Nova Scotia and was succeeded by the Rev. Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, the eldest son of Dr. Muhlenberg, who, having finished his studies at Halle, in Germany, had recently returned to America. He was settled here February 5th 1769. In 1772 he accepted a call to Woodstock, Va. The American Revolution breaking out soon after he earnestly espoused the cause of the colonists and joined the army, accepting from General Washington a colonel's commission. He raised the Eighth regiment, 300 men enlisting from his own congre- gations. He remained in the army until the close of the war, at which time he occupied the honored position of major general. He never returned to the ministry. He was succeeded as pastor here by his brother Henry Ernst Muhlenberg, who came here as assistant pastor to his father, who still had the supervision of the church in the year 1773. He styles himself "deputy rector of Zion." It was during his ministry that the old stone church was built. He was succeeded in July 1775 by the Rev. William Graaf, who was a native of Leinengen in the southwestern part of Germany. He pursued his theological studies at Geissen, in Hesse Darmstadt. He is described as a " learned and pious minister of the gospel, faithful in the discharge of his official duties, and a kind and indulgent parent." He was pastor here until his death, in 1809. During his ministry the Lutheran church at Spruce Run was organized. He was succeed- ed August 31st 1809 by the Rev. Earnest Lewis Hazel- ius, D. D., who, besides preaching to three congregations from nine to sixteen miles apart, successfully conducted CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 3^5 a classical academy. In the year 1815 he was elected professor of Christian theology and principal of the classical department of Hartwick Seminary, N. Y., and immediately entered upon the work assigned him. He was succeeded August 5th 1816 by the Rev. David Hen- dricks, a graduate of Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., and who had studied theology under the direction of the Rev. Frederick Mayer, at Albany, N. Y. Mr. Hendricks was succeeded August iSth 1822 by the Rev. Henry Newnien Pohlman, D. D., who was pastor here twenty- one years. During his pastorate, in the winter of 1839- 40, a remarkable revival occurred in the church at New Germantown. Over 200 were converted, of whom 140 joined the associated churches. Dr. Pohlman, having accepted a call to a church in Albany, N. Y., was succeeded here November loth 1843 by the Rev. James R. Keiser. During his ministry a separation took place between the old mother church at New Germantown and the church at German Valley. The first resident pastor here was the Rev. Ephraim Deyoe, who succeeded Mr. Keiser in Nevember 1846. During his ministry the parsonage was built. He was succeeded by Rev. A. Hiller, September gth 1858. Dur- ing Mr. Killer's ministry the church and parsonage were rebuilt. In 188 1 he received and accepted a call to be professor of systematic theology in the Hartwick Theo- logical Seminary, N. Y., to enter upon his labors there about the middle of September 1881, which completed the twenty-third year of his ministry in German Valley. GERMAN REFORMED AND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, GERMAN VALLEY. The following account is mainly condensed or copied from a most valuable " Historical Sketch of the German Reformed and Presbyterian Church of German Valley, delivered on the dedication of the church edifice, April 28th 1870, by Rev. I. Alstyne Blauvelt." We trust this acknowledgment will excuse the absence of quotation marks or further notice of this source of information. To the German immigrants who had left their father- land to obtain greater religious freedom on the shores of America as related on page 376 a church and a minister were necessities. After clearings had been made and rude log houses had been constructed to provide them shelter the new-comers set to work to build a log church, which is said to have been located near the spot where the ruins of the old stone church now stand. In what manner services in this edifice were conducted, or whether a regular minister accompanied the band in their exile, or whether they procured one soon after their arrival ip the new country, is likely to remain always a matter of conjecture; certain it is, however, that the first minister to this community of whom we have any knowl- edge from record or tradition was the Rev. Michael Schlatter. He was. sent out by the synods of North and South Holland, as a sort of missionary and superinten- dent, " to visit the various German settlements, organize churches, preach the gospel, administer the sacraments, prepare the way for the settlement of ministers who might be sent from the old country, and take the general oversight of the churches." He was a regularly edu- cated minister, and well qualified for the duties imposed upon him. He sailed for America on the 1st of June 1746, and landed in Boston in August of that year. He went from Boston to New York, and afterward to Phila- delphia, where he became pastor of the German Re- formed church of that place in connection with one at Germantown. In his journal he writes: " When I arrived safely at home on the 3d [of July 1747] I found a very earnest and moving letter written by several congregations in the province of New Jersey, namely at Rockaway [now Lebanon], German Valley, Fox Hill and Amwell, in the region of the Raritan, dis- tant about seventy miles from Philadelphia. They urge me, with the strongest motives, yea they pray me, for God's sake, to pay them a visit that I may administer to them the Lord's Supper, and by baptism incorporate their children in the church, who have already, during three or more years, remained without baptism." And again: " On the 13th I undertook the journey to the three congregations in New Jersey, from which I had, on the 3d of July, received a most friendly and pressing invitation to meet them. On the 14th, after a journey of sixty miles, I came to Rockaway [Lebanon]. Here I re- ceived twenty young persons into the church after they had made a profession of their faith; preached aprepara- tory sermon on the x5th and on the following day ad- ministered the Holy Supper in a small church to an attentive and reverent assembly. In the afternoon I went to Fox Hill, where I preached a preparatory ser- mon, and on the following day, which was the i8th, I administered the Holy Supper to forty members. After I had performed this solemn service to the great edifica- tion of the congregation, and yet in each place preached a thanksgiving sermon after the communion, I returned again to Philadelphia on the 20th, joyful in heart and giving thanks to God for the support which he had ren- dered me. I cannot refrain from referring briefly to the fact that those three congregations, from gratitude for the service I had rendered them, handed me a pecuniary reward, the first money which since my arrival in Amer- ica up to this time I have received for my labor and pains." It was about three years longer before a pastor was se- cured for the church, or rather the two churches of Ger- man Valley and Rockaway, and even then their minis- trant had not been ordained. His name was John Con- rad Wirts, and he was a native of Zurich, Switzerland. It is not known when he came to this country, but he had preached for some time previous at Easton, in Penn- sylvania. An interregnum of a number of years followed the departure of Mr. Wirts in 1792. During that time it is thought Rev. Caspar Michael Stapel held occasional services at the Valley, but he was located at Amwell, in what is now known as Hunterdon county. His successor in that place was Rev. John Wesley Gilbert Nevelling, who is also supposed to have preached to the community at German Valley. One incident connected with this gentleman has come down to us through the mist and smoke of years. He had a habit, most unfortunately for himself, of smoking, and while he was riding on horse- back with his pipe in his mouth his horse stumbled and 386 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. fell, and the pipe stem was driven into the rider's tliroat, inflicting such a wound as ever after to disable him from preaching. It was the year 1768 before another regular pastor was installed in the charge of the church at the Valley. His name was Frederick Dalliker. At first his charge con- sisted of the churches of Rockaway, Alexandria, German Valley'and Foxenburg or Fox Hill, at which latter place a separate church was started about this time. A new church was built about the year 1776. The congrega- tions were composed of Lutherans or Presbyterians and the Reformed sect. Before building, articles of agree- ment were drawn up and signed by the representatives of the two churches. The original paper was in German, and the following translation was made in 181 7 by Rev. Caspar Wack: "Whereas we the members of the Evangelical Re- formed Congregation, and we the members of the Evan- gelical Lutheran Congregation, who by reason of the preachen which we have with Germantown, by reason of the money expended for the church and parsonage house are members of Zion's church, living in the Dutch Val- ley, Roxbury township, Morris county, are willing to build a meeting-house jointly; "Be it hereby known to all men that the following con- ditions were agreed to by the subscribers, representing both congregations, viz.: " I. Both parties have agreed to build the meeting- house at their united expenses, so that none of the parties may throw up anything to the other. " II. As the church is built jointly, so it shall be kept by our posterity jointly; the friendship of both congre- gations giving us hope that in case of the necessary re- pairs of the meeting-house the weaker party will be sup- ported by the stronger. " III. Both parties with respect .to public worship shall have an equal right; in case both preachers should meet together, then alternately the one must wait till twelve o'clock on the service of the other. " IV. For the good of both congregations none shall be permitted to preach but such as are under a regular church government. " V. Whereas, we do not only concern ourselves for ourselves, but for our posterity also, it is our will and opinion that none of the parties shall or can sell their right in any way or manner. "Acted the 4th day of February 1784, which is testi- fied to by Frederick Dalliker, V. D. M.; Henry Muhlen- berg jr., deputy rector of Zion's corporation; Wilhelm Welsch, Diedric Strubel, Conrad Rorick, Caspar Eick, Anthon Waldorf, Adam Lorenz, Philip Weise, Christo ))her Karn, Leonard Neighbour, Roulof Roulofson, John Schwackhammer, Andrew Flucky." It was customary in those days and for some time afterward to help along public works by means of a bee, or gathering of the good folks of the vicinage, and thus save the contractor's bill. Perhaps all of the early school- houses and churches built in the township were com- menced in this manner; certainly several of them were. At all events there was a very lively bee on this occasion. To stimulate the energies of all it had been decreed that the horses of him who brought the first load should be decorated with flags and ribbons as a testimonial of high honor. There was much excitement on the sub- ject, and each one determined if possible to secure the prize. Judge David Welsh, who lived on the ground where David the fourth now resides, determined to try a little strategy. Accordingly, the evening before, he se- cretly loaded his wagon with stone and then concealed it through the night. In the morning he was up betimes, had his horses harnessed, and started for the ground be- fore sunrise. But he was none too early, for as he drove up to the spot he heard the heavy wagons thundering down the mountains on both sides; although he won the prize of the decorations he was but little in advance of many others, and before he could get his wagon unloaded all German Valley was on the ground. Mr. Dalliker remained pastor of the church until 1782, when a call was given to Rev. Caspar Wack, who accepted it (probably in that year), after some objection on his part and insistance on the part of the congrega- tion. A call still extant is dated 1786, and is addressed to C. Wack " present preacher of the Valley and Fox Hill congregations." He perhaps did not labor at Rock- away till 1786. Mr. Wack was the first young man born in America who entered the ministry of the German Reformed church, and he was the first man ever ordained by that church in this country. In connection with preaching he carried on the business of farming, on lands afterward included in the farms of John Swackhammer and John Creger. He taught a singing school, attended to the management of an oil-mill, conducted a fulling-mill, gave the instruction in a day school, baptized the infants, married the young, buried the aged, on Sundays preached to the congregations of German Valley, Fox Hill, Rock- away, Stillwater, Knowlton, and Sussex Court-house, and made money. The following anecdotes are related of him: When he first came to the Valley the church services were con- ducted in German, a custom which he followed but for a time. A certain army officer happening in the neighbor- hood, and understanding that Mr. Wack preached in German, went to hear him on an occasion when his dis- course was in English; after which he made the remark that he never knew before that German was so like Eng- lish, and that he could understand a great deal of what Mr. Wack said. A Universalist preacher, once attempt- ing to dispute with him, affirmed that his doctrine was an old one— that it was preached in Paradise; meaning to claim that the promise that the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head was a proof of the doctrine of universal salvation. Mr. Wack replied: " Yes, your doc- trine was preached in Paradise, and the devil preached it; his text was ' Ye shall not surely die.' " While Mr. Wack was on one of his long rides a young man asked and received permission to ride behind him on his horse. The young man was. one whose life was a great way from the teachings both of law and gospel, and when he was seated on the parson's horse Mr. Wack gave him such an amount of wholesome admonition that he afterward declared it to be the hardest ride that he ever took. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 387 Mr. Wack remained in this charge twenty-seven years, during which time ninety-eight persons were confirmed as communicants. He left the Valley in 1809, after which the church was vacant four years. The successor of Mr. Wack was Rev. Jacob R. Cast- ner, whose ministry lasted until 1820. He lived in a house which is still standing, though greatly enlarged — the house where Lawrence Hager lived and died. The ecclesiastical connection of the congregation had been with the German Reformed Synod of Pennsylvania until 1 8 13, when it made application to the Presbytery of New Brunswick to be taken under its care; and beginning with the ministry of Mr. Castner it became the Presby- terian Church of German Valley. This was due largely to the fact that its previous connection had been with a body too far away for it to receive proper sympathy and care therefrom. Mr. Castner was a very urgent advocate of propriety in manners and life, and denounced with great vigor the very common sin of Sabbath-breaking, as well as other misdemeanors of a religious, or perhaps sacrilegious, nature, to which some of his parishioners were addicted. So stinging was his language in rebuk- ing sin and sinners that he gained q^uite a character for invective, which virtue, however, was not always de- scribed by that name, as witness the following: One of his parishioners represented to him that he had several daughters, who were fair to look upon, and possessed moreover of such charms and virtues as to ex- cite the admiration of all the young men of the neigh- borhood. They accordingly had many suitors, but of course the fair damsels could not smile on all. As a consequence the rejected admirers were very angry, and were in the habit of venting their displeasure by unhang- ing the old gentleman's gates, stealing the bolts and linchpins out of his wagons, and committing many other depredations of a very annoying character. Mr. Castner expressed his sympathy for his friend, who had come to ask his assistance, but remarked that he did not exactly see how he could help him. " Vy," said the man, " you 'pints meetin' to my house. De boys will all come; dey wants to see de gals. Den, ven you gits 'em dare, you zhust give 'em von real goot blagarden. Dey say you's goot at it." During Mr. Castner's pastorate the first Sabbath-school was organized in the township, in 1816. He served the three churches of German Valley, Fairmount and Ches- ter. John C. Vandervoort was pastor from 1820 to 1828. Mancius S. Hutton was pastor from 1828 to 1834. Dur- ing his pastorate the present church edifice was erected on a lot given by Lawrence Hager and Mr. Swackham- mer. It was then esteemed a marvel of beauty, and still holds a front rank among country churches for comfort, neatness, and taste in furnishing. James Scott was pas- tor from 1834 to 1843, and was the first who had no other pastoral care than the church at German Valley. Robert G. Vermilye was pastor from 1843 to 1846, and James H. Mason Knox from 1846 to 1851. During his pastorate a parochial school was organized, by aid from the board of education. This school has made a deep and lasting impression upon the moral as well as intellec- tual condition of the community. Garret Van Artsdalen was pastor from 185 1 to 1854, and William R. Glen from 1868 to 1874. During Mr. Glen's pastorate the church edifice was enlarged and refurnished. A large colony was also sent out to form the Presbyterian church of Lower Valley. Edward P. Lennel became pastor in 1874 and still re- mains in charge. To him we are indebted for the his- tory of the church from the close of Mr. Wack's pastor- ate. The church has ever been noted for its Christian unity and its large-hearted support of its ministry, and has ever been influential for good in a large region of country. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AT PLEASANT GROVE. The stone church at Pleasant Grove was built between 1803 and 1807. It is possible that the latter year is the date of its completion, and that it was more than one year in course of construction. There is a tradition, however, to the effect that a log house of worship pre- ceded the erection of the stone church, both standing on the site where the present one is. The church com- munity was organized under the care of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and the first pastor was the Rev. Dr. Joseph Campbell, who left the principalship of the pre- paratory school at Princeton to commence his labors at the Grove church in 1809. None of the early records of the church are preserved, and it is only from 1833 that the names of the ofiScers, and other matters con- nected with the organization, can be learned. Dr. Campbell continued to minister to the churth until Oc- tober 1830, and from that time until October 1833 there seems to have been no settled pastor. In 1833 the Rev. H. Whitefield Hunt jr. was installed as pastor. The elders at that time were Conrad Hon- ness, Samuel Stephens, Peter Lance, James Hance, John Lance and John Lindaberry. Mr. Hunt was a man of much ability and exercised a commanding influence in the community where he was called to labor. He was born at Sparta, in Sussex county, in 1799. He was pre- pared for college under Dr. Findley at Basking Ridge, and graduated from Princeton in 1820. He was converted in early life, and for a time previous to his college course assisted Rev. I. Tyler in his classical school at Trenton. After graduation he conducted the Trenton Academy. He was licensed as an evangelist previous to his gradua- tion from the Princeton seminary, and in 1823 made a missionary tour throughout the State of New York. He was ordained by the presbytery at Newton in 1823 as a colleague of his father in the church at Alexandria, where he remained until 1826. In May of that year he opened a classical school at Schooley's Mountain, which he continued for about five years. In 1831 he became a stated supply at Pleasant Grove, Danville and Stanhope, and he was installed as pastor at Pleasant Grove in 1832, and at the 2nd Mansfield in 1857, in both of which churches he continued until i860. His pastorate at 388 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. Pleasant Grove consequently continued twenty-eight years. Mr. Hunt was succeeded in 1861 by the Rev. G. Lane, who remained but two years in charge of the church, and was in turn succeeded by the Rev. J. H. Clark (1863-69). Mr. Clark was fond of gardening and agri- cultural pursuits, and signalized his pastorate by planting fine orchards of apple, pear and peach trees in the parsonage grounds; an industry of which his successors still reap the fruits. The pastorate was filled from 1870 to 1872 by the Rev. M. Ayres Depue, and from 1872 to- 1876 by Rev. Samuel Sawyer. In the latter year the Rev. Burtis C. Megie, D. D., was installed. Dr. Megie had previously been in charge of ihe church at Dover, during a period of thirty-eight years. His original progenitor in this country was JohnlVIegie, who came from Scotland to Perth Amboy in 1685. His son was Joseph. Joseph had sons, among whom were Joseph and Michael. Michael was the father of Rev Dr. David Megie of Elizabeth, and grandfather of Judge William Megie, of Elizabeth, and Rev. Dr. David Megie of Pat- terson. Joseph was the father of Daniel H. Megie, of New York city, and grandfather of Rev. B. C. Megie, D. D., of Pleasant Grove, Rev. Daniel E. Megie, of Boonton, and Rev. William H. Megie, of Brooklyn. The following figures show the number of communi- cants connected with the church since the year 1830: There were when Dr. Campbell left, in 1830, 83 commu- nicants; added durirrg the pastorate of H. \V. Hunt, 223; of G. Lane, 14; of Mr. Clark, 57; of Mr. Depue, 16; of Mr. Sawyer, 100; added up to 1879, 63; total, 556. The present church edifice was built in 1857, and is a handsome and commodious frame structure. In the graveyard in which it is situated there are no stones of very great antiquity, but the cemetery is remarkable for the great length of days to which those who have been buried in it had attained. Perhaps a third of the stones mark the resting places of persons of over seventy years of age; several of those who rest beneath them reached the age of ninety years and upward, and one a hundred. One monument in this inclosure, a plain slab of mar- ble, is remarkable for a daguerreotype fixed in it. It is the picture of Mrs. Hannah Louisa Dorland, wife of Rev. Jacob S. Harden, and who was poisoned by him in the most deliberate and cruel manner. The event, which occurred in 1859 (in another county, however), created intense excitement throughout all this portion of the State. Harden was hanged at Belvidere in i860. Rev. Dr. Spencer H. Cone, pastor of the First Bap- tist Church of New York city, is buried here. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF DRAKESTOWN. The church edifice is located in Washington township, near the northwest boundary of Mount Olive. We can- not ascertain the exact period when the itinerant preach- ers first appeared in this neighborhood, or when the first society was organized, or the names or number of origi- nal members. For many years the meetings were held in the stone school' house on the main road leading from Hackettstown to Flanders. The old building is still oc- cupied as a district school-house. A list of the ministers appointed by the Philadelphia, New Jersey and New York annual conferences to preach at this place is as follows: 181 1, David Bartine sen. and Manning Force; 1812, David Bartine sen. and Charles Read; 1813, Sylvester Hill and George Banghart; 1814, James Moore and Ben- jamin Collins; 1815, John Finley and Anthony Atwood; 1816-48, William Ogden, James Long, John K. Shaw, George F. Brown, Abraham Gearhart, Francis A. Mon- ell, William Wiggins, Warren C. Nelson, Curtis Talley, Edward Saunders, Joseph G. Chattle, Edmund Hance, Benjamin Kelly, George Winsor, Abraham Owen, Sam- uel Jacquett, Crooks S. Vancleve, William M. Bur- roughs, Josiah Canfield, T. T. Canfield, Caleb Lippen- cott, Swaim Thackaray, Robert Sutcliff; John S. Coit (appointed to the charge in 1854); John B. Heward, 1856, 1857; E. W. Adams, 1858, 1859; G. B. Jackson, i860; William C. Nelson, 1861, 1862; John L. Hays, 1863, 1864; Richard Thomas. 1865, 1866; H. Trum- bower, 1867; S. P. Lacey, 1868, 1869; Thomas Raw- lings, 1870-72; J. H. Hartpence, 1873; S. K. Doolittle, 1874-76; G. F. Apgar. 1877-79; D. E. Frambes, 1880, 1881. The membership at the present time is 90. The Sab- bath-school is in a prosperous, condition; Mr. Young is the superintendent. There is an average attendance of about 50 scholars. The school is kept up through the year. There are about 250 volumes in the library. In 1855 the church was built, at a cost of about $2,000. In the course of a few years the steeple and bell were added, costing about $600. The board of trustees at the time the church was built consisted of William H. Anderson, Henry V. Anderson, John Bilby, Sylvanus Lawrence and John Smith jr. The present trustees are William McLean, Henry Wiley, John S. Wiley, Stewart Ayres, Jacob Wack and Jacob F. Force. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN. The Presbyterian Church of Schooley's Mountain is at Schooley's Mountain Springs, the popular summer resort. It is a young organization, not large in numbers, but filling an important field. It has a commodious and elegant church edifice, and sustains a very efficient and prosperous Sabbath-school. For more than half a cen- tury there have been religious meetings sustained here, largely by the visitors at the hotels. A stone church was built in 1825 upon ground conveyed in trust to the trustees of Princeton Theological Sem- inary, and the present edifice was erected upon the same ground in 1870. There was, however, no distinct church organization here until March 17th 1875, when the Presbytery of Morris and Orange constituted this as the Presbyterian Church of gchooley's Mountain. This action was the result of a remarkable revival which had occurred during the months preced- ing. Rev. Samuel Sawyer, then the settled pastor of the Presbyterian church of Pleasant Grove, had by invita- tion made this an outpost. Here for some years he had been preaching once on the Sabbath. Convinced that there was more than usual interest in this community, he began extra services here late in 1874. These continued and grew in interest until over seventy were converted. So large a harvest seemed to indicate the need of a gran- ary here — hence this church. The basis of organization was the reception of twenty-four members from sister churches, who were here constituted the Presbyterian Church of Schooley's Mountain. At the first communion forty-eight others united by profession of faith, and two by certificate, making in all seventy four persons. Dur- ing the six years that have since passed this church has maintained regular worship, both public and social. APPENDIX. Financial History — Reformatory Institutions. In December 1876 a movement was made to inquire into the necessity for so large county taxation. It resulted in an investigation and reports, from which we take the fol- lowing account and analysis of county expenditures and taxation for 25 years, signed by John L. Kanouse, David W. Dellicker, William Hillard, George E. Righter and B. C. Guerin, executive committee of the Taxpayers' Asso- ciation : Since the close of the late war our State and county taxes have swelled so much that they have become oner- ous, and the people throughout the State are anxious for relief. We have organized in this county an association of tax-payers, for the purpose of obtaining such relief and guarding against a needless and extravagant expen- diture of public money both in State and county. Within ten years past there has been a rapid and alarm- ing increase in our county expenses, and people are won- dering where the money goes. All interested and desir- ing to know the cause would do well to give the items embraced in the following tabular statements a careful investigation: 1850....... 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1863 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 (for 5 ID ■a a g_, fec.a . o5"a d.a«5 $5,714 45 5,373 19 5,896 73 5,573 61 6,775 59 5,130 76 6,303 41 7,809 17 7.067 36 4,769 35 7,845 86 6,388 13 4,971 96 5,331 58 7,966 81 5,455 82 7,598 34 8,717 71 9,870 80 6,743 90 8,394 67 8,645 43 8,300 00 9,161 36 7,913 00 11,087 49 6,300 00 I m 1 §■535 "§•4. sis '30 a. p^"S SSftojp o $1,051 1,057 607 512 978 861 1,406 1,838 1,564 1,245 1,317 1,229 1,863 3,353 3,301 2,872 3,436 3,f8t 4.379 4,898 5,224 5,139 4,960 4,332 5,.576 5,051 4,624 47 a A a § a b o BP,J a li u ■o > 5 t, If. as 8 s . t bn Total of court ex- penses after de- ducting costs and fines collected, and not including amount paid per diem to sheriff" and stenographer Total of court ex- penses, including amount paid per diem to sher- iff and stenogra- pher. 1850 $617 94 485 77 989 36 904 38 1,600 17 2,289 03 2,483 94 1,085 15 3,234 47 1,231 10 939 20 2,213 50 1,946 60 1,283 74 1,587 70 3,503 60 3,094 40 3,684 80 3,372 20 2,425 00 2,363 55 2,238 60 2,140 40 2,374 10 1,687 20 1,646 75 $24100 239 00 245 00 300 00 895 50 638 00 388 50 522 00 606 00 845 00 630 00 588 00 43100 583 50 530 50 618 00 1,299 09 927 00 927 00 870 00 879 00 1,120 50 1,044 00 1,733 25 1,243 00 2,519 50 $2,131 00 2,166 00 1,113 75 1,618 00 3,074 00 1,617 00 1,916 00 1,578 00 1,314 00 3,363 00 7,636 00 2,143 00 1,404 00 1,893 05 1,340 05 3,053 00 2,649 00 5,044 96 4,118 00 4,438 00 4,338 00 4,844 00 3,606 00 4,183 00 4,654 00 4,754 00 $584 35 498 00 400 00 376 00 553 00 53100 494 00 528 00 499 00 730 00 553 00 646 00 550 50 1,129 50 884 40 748 50 1,.589 00 3,023 50 1,478 00 2,171 00 2,502 39 2,634 90 1,348 75 3,006 75 2,261 75 3,011 51 $832 98 848 24 448 06 774 42 1,497 91 813 69 989 30 1,076 43 717 53 1,168 42 96182 765 84 1,300 00 81719 1,015 58 510 87 1,705 48 79138 939 04 1,157 06 1,331 59 l,ia500 1,069 91 1,802 44 2,061 45 2,377 64 $329 32 $4,077 85 4,337 01 2,486 62 3,832 80 6,556 58 5,888 72 5,736 29 4,789 58 4,632 88 5,617 07 9,566 58 4,630 36 5,026 00 5,696 98 4,321 19 8,378 38 9,532 50 12,058 92 9,943 57 10,863 66 10,293 98 10,393 49 8,046 06 9,391 08 11,337 86 709 55 140 00 64 00 jg53 Ig55 Ig5g 535 45 1858 • • ■ • 638 12 720 45 1,043 44 1,725 98 59610 10 00 1,027 04 55 59 804 47 412 72 290 67 18710 1,119 55 1,580 51 1,163 00 2,707 46 669 54 1,138 06 1359 " 1861 1 QfiA lRft7 ... . "Iflfift $282 00 288 00 318 00 267 00 294 00 $370 00 310 00 3.30 00 450 00 450 00 $11,044 49 1 Q72 8,644 09 Igiyg 9,949 08 18»)'4 11,954 86 13,18134 1.... 13,181 33 1876, % of a year 460 00 1.... 51 390 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The chief items of county expense are bridges, pau- perism and crime, and litigation. As to the relative amount of these items up to 1866, pauperism stood first, crime and litigation next and bridges last. But suddenly in one year's time there came a change, and in 1869 bridges stood first, next pauperism, and then crime and litigation, and such has continued to be their relative po- sition to the present time. From 1849 to 1855, five years, the average yearly cost of pauperism was $6,6go; from 1870 to 1876, five years, the average cost of pau- perism was $14,013, showing an increase of $7,323, or no per cent. This is for cash expended, and does not include produce of the farm. From 1849 to 1856, six years, the average yearly cost of crime and litigation was $4,5 13, and from 1869 to 1876, six years, the average yearly cost was $10,985, showing an increase of $6,472 — equal to an increase of 149 per cent, in twenty years. From 1849 to 1856, a period of six years, the yearly average of current expenses of the county was $18,247; from 1869 to 1876, a similar period, the yearly average of current expenses was $81,919, showing an increase of $63,672, equal to an increase of 349 per cent, in twenty years. From 1849 to 1856, a period of six years, the average yearly taxation for county purposes was $16,500; from 1869 to 1876, a similar period, the average was $75,000, showing an increase in such taxation equal to 354 per cent, in twenty years. Some may think that such large increase in the latter period was owing to the payment of the county war bonds, but not a dollar of the large taxes above stated as raised for county purposes went to pay the war bonds. The tax necessary to pay the county war debt as especially provided by law was raised in ad- dition to that for county purposes. The war debt is paid, but yet our tax bills show an increasing county tax. An addition of $15,000 to that tax was made in the year 1876; this was necessary to pay an indebtedness of that amount, the result of excessive expenditures in pre- vious years. In 1850 the population of the county was 30,158; in 1875 it was 49,019, showing an increase of 18,861 in twenty-five years; a gain of 63 per cent. From these data it appears that from 1850 to 1876 the increase of population in the county has been 63 per cent.; the increase of pauperism has been in twenty years no per cent.; the increase of the cost of crime and litigation to the county, 149 per cent.; 'the average - increase of current expenses has been 349 per cent.; the average increase of taxation for county purposes alone has been 354 per cent.; the average increase of cost for bridges in twenty years was 800 per cent. From 1849 to 1856, a period of six years, there was paid for iDridges and freeholders' services in attending to bridges, $20,853, making a yearly average of $3,475; from 1869 to 1876, six years, the corresponding payment was $188,315, making a yearly average of $31,386, and showing an average increase of $27,911, equal to over 800 per cent, increase in twenty years. The records show that {in one yeary from 1865 to 1867 the cost of bridges and freeholders' services suddenly increased nearly four times in amount, and that frx>ra 1866 to 1876, a period of nine years, the yearly average cost for bridges and free- holders' services has been' $29,775. During several years many of the smaller bridges have been constructed of stone and in a permanent manner, and some of the larger of iron, so that the number of bridges in the county re- quiring attention and repairs must be largely diminished, and labor and materials have gone down in price; and therefore there is reason to believe that, if our freehold- ers would exercise a wise economy, this item of county expenditures could be reduced at least one-half in amount. The increased items of expenditure connected with the courts are as follows: In 1867 the pay of jurymen vras increased from one to two dollars per day. Prior to 1850 the pay of constables attending court was 75 cents per day; in 1850 it was raised to one dollar per day; in 1869 to two dollars, and mileage five cents per mile. Since 187 1 the sheriff has been allowed three dollars per day for attending court; prior to that, nothing. In 1871 an act was passed authorizing the employment of a stenog- rapher for the supreme and circuit courts, and the court of oyer and terminer, at a price not to exceed ten dollars per day; the full price thus allowed by law has always been paid. In 1873 the per diem of common pleas judges was raised from three to five dollars, and the per diem of the crier from two to three dollars; The cost t& the county per day for running all the courts, with the attendance of a full panel of jurymen, arid ten consta- bles, as now allowed by law, is $157, and is made up as- follows: 1 supreme court judge, $5 3 judges of common pleas, $5 each Crier Sheriff Stenographer 48 jurymen, $3 each 10 constables, $3 each, and mileage estimated $5 15 3 3 10 $157 The cost of holding court of common pleas and orphans'^ court, without a jury and held by common pleas judges only, is $15 per day; the cost of running the court of quarter sessions in trying criminal cases, and using a part of the jurymen while in attendance on the circuit court,, is nothing additional to the county; nor is there any ad- ditional cost to the county in running the court of com- mon pleas, trying appeals by jury while jurymen are ia attendance at the circuit court or court of oyer and ter- miner. The cost of running the court for the trial of appeals without a jury, held by common pleas judges- only, and attended by one constable, is $17 per day. By reference to the tabular statements herewith presented it will appear that from 1866 to 1872, a period of five years (and after the pay of jurymen had been raised from one to two dollars per day), the average yearly cost of crime- and litigation was $10,710; and from 1871 to 1876, a pe- riod of four years, the average cost was $10,464, being; $246 less than the average of the five preceding years,, although in 1873 the per diem of the common pleas judges had been raised from $3 to $5 and increased pay was also allowed to constables. The cost for jurors from. 1866 to 1872, five years, averages $4,534; and from 1871 to 1876, four years, it averaged $4,299, showing a de- crease in the average of $255, notwithstanding in the latter period there was a large increase of business. SO' also the average cost for constables in attending court from 187 1 to 1876 is less than the average in the five years preceding, and although in three of the five preced- ing years the pay of constables was less than half of what it was from 1871 to 1876. The increased amount of bus- iness before the courts within the last four years would' have increased the court expenses had it not been for the fact that, when it could be advantageously done, different branches of the courts were kept running simultaneously^ thus economizing time and the use of jurymen, and as a consequence saving largely in cost to the county. SO' long as there is occasion to administer and enforce law there will be necessity for courts, and the length of time that they must necessarily be kept open will depend up- on the amount and nature of the business before them,. and"the readiness of those engaged in transacting it. Pauperism, including the maintenance of the pauper and indigent insane at the asylum, constitutes, next to- COUNTY FINANCES. 391 bridges, the largest item of county expenditure. The county poor-house was established in 1838; attached to it is a farm of about 240 acres, a considerable portion of which is in an improved state of cultivation. From 1838 to 1850 an average of 185 persons yearly as inmates re- ceived support, and to an average of 38 yearly of persons out of the house relief was given; and for the support and relief thus given in that period of twelve years the average annual outlay in cash was .$4,463. The products of the farm during the same time averaged at their esti- mated value $2,192 yearly, all of which went to the sup- port of the institution and its inmates. From 1850 to 1858 the products of the farm averaged $3,915 annually; since that we find the amount of the estimated value of the farm products reported for only two years — 1870 at $4,945, and 1871 at $6,107. From 1861 to 1868 the aver- age yearly expenditure of cash for the support of the poor, in addition to the farm products, was $6,673; ^^'^ from 1868 to 1876 the average cash expenditure was $8,739, showing an increase of nearly one hundred per cent, since 1850; and so far as we have been able to as- certain there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of inmates at the house, and for years past the rule has been to grant no relief out of the house, ex- cept in extreme cases, wliere the physical condition pre- vented removal. From 1861 to 1868 the average annual cost to our county for the support of indigent and pauper luna- tics at the asylum was $2,765; and from 1868 to 1876 it was $4,945, showing an increase of 78 per cent. From the opening of the Trenton asylum in 1848 to 1863 the charge per week for such lunatics was $2; from 1863 to 1866 it was $2.35; from 1866 to 1869 it was $3, and since that it has been $3.50 per week. For eight years next prior to 1876 the county paid to the asylum for the support of pauper and indigent lunatics $3.50 per week, the State also paying, in addition, $1 per week; the county being subject to additional charges for clothing, making the direct cost to the county about $4 per week, and the cost to the county and State together fully $5 per week. Considering the appropriations made from time to time to the support of the asylum, and the amount paid for salaries of officials, this cost per week is probably under rather than over estimated. Many years ago, but since the opening of the Trenton asylum, our county sent some pauper lunatics to the asylum at Brattleboro, Vt., and some private patients also from this county were sent there, because they could be properly cared for at $1.25 per week. These are facts presented in the practical lessons of experience, facts which the people cannot afford to ignore if they would intelligently seek to know the causes of the greatly increased public ex- penditure. There are other items beside those already mentioned which aggregate from twelve to twenty thousand dollars annually. The principal one is interest and discounts paid for loans, which from 1870 to the present time amount to $39,670, making an annual average of $6,611 for six years past. Of this sum from $1,200 to $2,400 annually has been for discounts for temporary loans. For a number of years the excessive expenses of the county have exhausted the tax within a few months after it has been paid in, and as a consequence the county commences a new year often with a deficiency or a float- ing debt, or with a very small balance, which has neces- sitated borrowing largely to meet current expenses and in anticipation of next year's tax. The larger part of this item of interest is for the interest on what is called the surplus revenue and which amounts to over four thousand dollars annually. In 1836 Congress passed an act distributing a surplus of- funds in the national treasury among the several States. New Jersey received $764,- 670, and distributed it to be held in trust by the several counties; Morris county received about $80,000. Of this the county used $14,000 to buy a farm and build a county poor-house; the balance was loaned to individ- uals on bond and mortgage, and the interest was an- nually distributed to the townships, and at first was used to pay ordinary expenses. After a few years it was voted generally to the use of the schools, and finally, by law, has been made an annual appropriation to the support of schools. The county, having used the whole of this fund, has been liable for the interest, and thereby this has be- come an additional item and of large amount in our county tax. Under the head of work-house and court-house we find an aggregate of expenses which for seven years past has averaged $3,803. This includes cleaning and re- pairs, charges for water, gas, fuel, medicines and medical attendance for prisoners, and a part of the pay of the keeper of the prison, but does not include any charge for the board of prisoners. Considerable work has been done about the court-house and grounds within two years past, and, as everything seems to be in good con- dition so tar as regards the grounds and buildings, it does seem that if a wise economy should be used this part of the annual expenditure could be reduced nearly or quite $3,000. In 1852 the sheriff was allowed $75, and in 1855 $100, for fuel and light for the court-house; now the county pays for gas alone over $160 per year, and in ad- dition pays for the fuel used in and about the court-house and sheriff's apartments. Formerly the clerk and surro- gate furnished their own fuel and light; now the county pays from $50 to $60 annually for gas for these two of- fices, and also pays for the fuel. There is another item in the list of expenses which recently has appeared in larger proportion, and that is printing. By an act passed in 1865 the boards of chosen freeholders were required to publish a copy of the county collector's account with the items in detail. The propriety of that requirement will hardly be questioned, as un- doubtedly it is proper and necessary that the people who pay taxes should know how their money is expended^ The cost to the county in 1874 for printing was $1,124.45, which amount included the printing of the collector's quarterly reports and all blanks required by the clerk's and surrogate's offices, as well as the advertising of bridges. The printing of the last quarterly report of the county receipts and disbursements, which was done in five papers (three in .Morristown, one at Dover, and one at Boonton) cost $54 for each, or $270 for all. The rate at which this work appears to have been charged is the same as fixed in an act passed in 1876 providing for the pub- lication of laws in newspapers, 60 cents per hundred words, under which such publication costs the State over $68,000. At that rate the publication of these quarterly reports of the county collector alone will cost the county from $700 to $1,000 per year, subject to vary in amount with the length of such report. In 1864 publishing the laws cost only about $4 per newspaper column, but the printing of the last quarterly report, which occupied less than four columns as it appeared in the newspaper, and for which $54 was paid to each paper, cost about $14 per column. In 1864 labor and material were at extremely high prices; now there is a great reduction, and the pur- chasing power of a dollar has fully doubled. Another matter. deserving of notice is the prison and work-house. In 1866, 1867 and 1869 the county paid 30 cents per day for boarding prisoners; since that the price has been 35 cents. The work-house was estab- lished twenty-five years ago, and certain rules and regu- 392 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. lations for its government were adopted by the board of freeholders. Its history shows that only for a brief pe- riod from the commencement were these rules enforced. Their non-observance seems to have been less a tax upon the time and attention of the keeper, and hence, by the suffrance of the board of freeholders, these rules and reg- ulations fell into disuse. About two years ago the board of freeholders abolished work and discharged the keep- er; since that but little work save the breaking of a few stones has been done. As a consequence, there being no work, the prisoners, averaging generally from twelve to twenty-five and sometimes more, have been allowed to congregate in the common hall, and in idleness to amuse themselves almost as they saw fit. As might have been expected, the result has been that the work-house has become a school of vice, tending not to reform but to confirm criminals. The keeper had been paid |6oo a year for attending to the duties of his office, and one of those duties was to keep the prison record. P"or about four years that record had not been written up. The board of freeholders appoint a committee on court- house and work-house, whose special duty it is to look after the condition of the court-house and prison. For several years past it appears it has been the practice to allow that committee $240 per year for their services, and sometimes a little extra. Yet such to-day is the condition of our county work-house — a place of idleness and a school of vice, instead of a prison where a proper reformatory influence is exerted over the inmates. It is but just to the sheriff and present keeper to say that the want of employment for the prisoners is no fault of theirs. The condition of the court-house and grounds and the prison, as regards cleanliness, is far better than it has been for years, and the cleaning and paint- ing have been mostly done by the labor of the prisoners. From June ist 1874 to January ist 1875 (seven months) 226 commitments were made for drunk- enness, vagrancy, and disorderly conduct, and that the aggregate of days of confinement of those thus com- mitted was 1,499, which at 35 cents per day amounts to $524.65, which is equal within a fraction to $75 per month; and it appears that 210 of these 226 commit- ments were made by magistrates in Morristown alone. Moreover the record shows that the same names appear frequently among the commitments, and some repeatedly in the same year, and for a similar offense, drunkenness or disorderly conduct. This class of offenders seem to regard the prison as a pleasant place for them, a place of refuge from the overpowering influence of their bad habits, an asylum, where in idleness they can be safe and enabled to recruit their wasted strength, being bounti- fully fed upon a plain but wholesome and substantial diet at the public expense; and when the short term of their confinement is ended they go forth to enter upon another debauch. This is the way in which the present management of our prison and work-house is operating to encourage vagrancy and drunkeness at the public ex- pence. Vagrancy is incipient criminality, and therefore it is fair to infer that the present method of conducting our prisons, without employment for the prisoners, has been the means of adding hundreds of dollars to our county expense, and in connection with the increased price allowed for board of prisoners has caused an addi- tion to our county tax of from $600 to $1,000 per year. The foregoing facts and statements, carefully collected and compiled from the county records, are presented to the people as proper subjects for study and reflection. They show in a condensed form why the people have been so heavily taxed, and for what purposes their money has been expended. Let it not escape attention that in the six years next preceding 1876 the county paid for the support of pauperism, including indigent and pauper lun- atics, $83,586.19; for crime and litigation $65,812.63; for bridges and freeholders' services in attending to bridges, $118,316; for interest on permanent and tempo- rary loans as hereinbefore explained, $39,944.26; and for miscellaneous items $113,859.17; making a total in six years of $491,518.25, nearly half a million dollars. In the same time the people were taxed $450,000 for such purposes, and yet owing to the excessive expendi- tures in the same period a debt of over $40,000 was in- curred. Of this sum about $15,000 was a floating debt, and the balance a permanent debt to the surplus revenue fund. This great increase in expenses is not confined to any one particular part, but extends to every department of the county administration, and appears to enter in a greater or less degree into almost every item of expendi- ture. The following statement by Judge Kanouse exhibits some of the chief items of county expenses from 1876 to 1880, inclusive: ^ W 'sj '^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ >i *^ n't n-i '^ n n 0000000000 B5BBBBB3BB po » o»o» rtg 5 i-'S 1-E5 12 0=° ^° go-So' D-cr"2ff„ Z.S L."" H-"" So — ° gl|S(S?So;i|!B |gSg§.ggs|s £5^f^?^SgS3 CO CD CO CO 3 -J CO BBBiB|S"|Z: cncn toi^ t Jl • fa S'l> IB =1 8= ss MCOi-'COQ QOtf-OOOC en 05 O O D O PO .^ III SO) & K D ED (DOS D CD 3 O^S III tj'P'g, o'e+m c> o 2. "02. m ^ P '^^'^ w fo 3 ■■3S o »B < o 00 09 00-5 050 GOOOCO : I OQO 000 800 ©oo OS 000 O3 0O COCO cot© MO WOCn OCA (MtOtO COQO -^1— 'CO COO 00C!«&3 Amount Tax for County Purposes. Bridges. Freeholders' Ser- vices. Oil-' ■^00 'CJtOlM COCO -^CJifc— OhF^ 030;i0 Court Expenses. Pay of Common Pleas Judges. oT-iM I OsOSrf*- Oil— i-i COh-iO Court-House and Jail. poo , SOO ' Poor -House Ex- a?!: coosoa Support of Indi- gent and Pauper Lunatics. 00 OT CTOSrf^ sis SSS I Interest and Dis- -qi- SeoiS counts. 8Si 00000 SSSi Printing. Boarding Prison- ers. Value of the Pro- duce of the Poor- House Farm. Average Number of Paupers at the Poor-House. Number Deaths at the Poor- House. Number of Births at the Poor- House. The above statement clearl.v shows that within the past six years the prison has been overcrowded. Many of the prisoners were iJ''?"P?- ^ There are other items beside the 35 cents per day for meals that add to the cost of keeping the prisoners. The record of 1876 shows for tobacco $107.40, tea $61.24, shoes 182.50, clothing »151.68, medi- cmes, etc., raakmga total of court-houseand jail expenses of $4,241: the cost per week for each prisoner being fully $3.50 that year. A mere glance at the average number of prisoners as ^cr REFORMATORY INSTITUTIONS— THE PROPRIETORS' TITLE. 393 presented in the foregoing statement will not give a cor- rect idea of the whole number of commitment's to the prison during a year. We are unable to find a clear statement for each year of such commitments, either in a carefully kept prison record or otherwise. But we do find in the minutes of the board of freeholders a specific statement for the year from May ist 1874 to May ist i^75i gi^'ing the whole number of commitments for that year as 507; males 480, females -27; 391 for drunkenness, 35 for larceny, 56 for assaults and 25 for other offenses. In that year it will be seen the amount paid for boarding prisoners was $1,687.20, about one-third of what it was annually for three years prior to November 1878, and about one-half of what it was for three years prior to November 1881. This furnishes a criterion for deter- mining at least the approximate numbers of commit- ments each year during the past six years. The number thus indicated seems almost incredible, yet the figures lead irresistibly to the conclusion, large as it may appear. A large majority of the commitments were for short terms, and were of the vagrant class. The only remedy provided by the laws of the State for vagrancy is the county jail or work-house, and yet, strange as it may seem, the remedy appears to increase and aggravate the evil. To many the reason is obvious. The management of the prison for seven years past appears to have been such as to render it a favorite place of resort for the tramp — a " hotel," so to speak, "where, at the public ex- pense, he is housed, lodged and fed and in many cases clothed in comfort superior to the family of the honest laborer, and allowed to spend his time in idleness and vicious association, which is his chief delight." By this state of affairs the ends of justice are defeated and the law. rendered powerless in effecting its object. Such are some of the results of experience in this county as pre- sented in the history of its financial affairs, which it would be well for the people to seriously consider. In the opinion of many an effectual remedy may be found in the enforcement of hard work and solitary confine- ment. Experience in the State of Connecticut proves this. The control and management of the prison by law is vested in the board of freeholders. The present in- dications are that m view of the circumstances a system of labor and solitary confinement will be adopted and carried into effect. Early in the year 1881 a movement was made with a view to better the moral condition of the inmates of the county poor-house, and more especially to provide for the better care and training of the children committed to that institution, it being evident to those who had looked into the matter that the depraving influences sur- rounding the children there are calculated to train them to be paupers and criminals. The public are indebted to the Rev. John P. Appleton, of the Protestant Episco- pal church at Boonton, for his disinterested and energetic efforts in this behalf. In furtherance of this object at a public meeting called at Morristowii, and which was ad- dressed by Rev. H. C. Potter, D. D., of New York, a society was organized called "The Charities Aid Association," of which A. B. Hull was chosen president and Rev. J. P. Appleton secretary, and other officers were appointed. This meeting was attended by a number of prominent gentlem.en and quite a large number of intelligent ^nd influential ladies from different sections of the county, all manifesting a deep interest in the object. As an offshoot of this "Charities Aid Association" we have " The Morris County Children's Home," incor- porated December 6th 1881, which is to be located in a commodious house rented for the purpose at Parsippany; the object being to furnish a temporary home for desti- tute children who have become a public charge, where they can be properly cared for, trained and educated. The county is authorized to pay $1.50 per week for each child toward their support. This sum paid by the county will not be sufficient, and the institution will be in part dependent on voluntary contribution. Abstract of the Proprietors' Title. By Monroe Howelij. In 1497 Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag, discovered and touched upon various places along the shores of what is now the United States {Hakluyt's Voyas;es). It is from this first visit that the English title to the country was derived. It was afterward visited and to some extent settled by the Dutch and Swedes, but without recognized title. March 1 2th 1664 Charles II. of England granted to his brother James, Duke of York, all the lands between the west side of the Connecticut River and the east side of Delaware Bay, together with the right of government. — Learning and Spicer's Grants, Concessions, etc., page 3. June 24th 1664 James Duke of York conveyed to John Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret that part of the above grant which lies between the Hudson and the Del- aware and south of a straight line drawn from 41° north latitude on the Hudson to 41° 40' on the Delaware. — Learning and Spicer, page 8. July 30th 1673 New York and New Jersey were taken by the Dutch. — Whitehead's ^'' East Jersey under the Pro- prietors," page 73. February 9th 1674 New York and New Jersey were re- stored to the English. — Whitehead' s "East Jersey under the Proprietors," page 77. June 29th 1674 Charles II. renewed his grant to James Duke of York. — Learning and Spicer, page 41. July 29th 1674 James Duke of York renewed his grant to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. — Learning and Spicer, page 46. July ist 1676 the " quintipartite deed " was executed. By this deed the province was divided into East and West Jersey. East Jersey was confirmed to Sir George Car- teret, and the partition line was described. — Learning and Spicer, page 61. February ist and 2nd 1683 the widow and other exec- utors of Sir George Carteret sold East Jersey to William Penn and eleven others, and within the same year twelve other proprietors were joined to the above. — Whitehead's "East Jersey uiider the Proprietors," page 103. March 14th 1683 James Duke of York confirmed the title to East Jersey to the twenty-four proprietors. — Learning and Spicer, page 141. November 23d 1683 Charles II., by letter to the gov- ernor and council of East Jersey, recognized the propri- etors' right to the soil and government. — Learning and Spicer, page 151. August ist 1684 a board of commissioners comprising all the proprietaries in the province was organized. — Whitehead's "East Jersey under the Proprietors," -'p2igt 141. November 13th 1684 the first meeting of the council of proprietors was held, and semi-annual meetings of this body are still held regularly. — Gordon's History of New Jersey, page 67. April 15th 1702 the proprietors surrendered the powers of government to the qu^en. — Learning and Spicer, page 609. April [5th 1783 the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States of America (Art. 6) estab- lished the title to all property not previously confiscated, in the owners and possessors. 52 394 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. The proprietors' right of property in lands above water is unquestioned, but their right in lands under water has been the subject of much discussion and litigation. The decision adverse to their rights in the case of Mar- tin V. Waddell, i6 Peters, page 367, by the majority of the judges of the United States Supreme Court, has been accepted by many persons as a final settlement of the question. -But the opinion of the respectable minority of that court was so strongly in favor of the rights of the proprietors that there seems good ground for a re-exam- ination of the whole case, or if not of the whole at least of some peculiar parts included in it. The original grant to the proprietors was in consider- ation of a competent sum of money, and, in addition to all the lands in the described boundaries, gave " all rivers, mines, minerals, woods, fishings, hawkings, hunt- ings and fowlings, and all other royalties, profits, com- modities and hereditaments whatsoever," etc. In 1687 the proprietors of East Jersey say they "bought it with their money, having paid above twelve thousand pounds for it, and are notwithstanding forced to buy every acre over again at a considerable rate from the Indians,"' — New Jersey Archives,'Sfo\. I., page 535. This title gave the purchasers rights in all the lands and general property in the province, and also in the government. The right of government was ex- ercised till-1702, when it was surrendered to the queen. The whole property was subject to the rights of its In- dian owners, and the grant from the king gave the pro- prietors the exclusive privilege of purchasing from the Indians. See William Penn and others on this sub- ject. {Gordon's New Jersey, pages 40, 41.) This priv- ilege, though contested in the earliest provincial courts, was always sustained, and at the session of the first Legislature after the proprietors' surrender of the gov- ernment the law first enacted was that " for regulating the purchasing of lands from the Indians." {Neville, page I.) This law forbade with heavy penalty any per- sons purchasing lands from the Indians except by au- thority of the proprietors; declared all such purchases previously made illegal, and required the possessors to take title from the proprietors within six months thereafter. The Indians highly valued their rights of fishing, as the references to them in their deeds of sale show, and the immense quantities of shells piled in heaps at all convenient places along the shores bear witness that they improved these rights to great profit. There are a hundred acres or more of land at South Amboy which are covered from six to eighteen inches deep by these Indian shell deposits. The soil about Communipaw is full of them, and they can be seen along all the creeks and bays from South Amboy to Cape May. The proprietors purchased all these rights of the Indians, and paid satisfactory prices for them. The yjur- chases were generally made in tracts of a few square miles each, until nearly the whole State was covered by their deeds. Many of these deeds are recorded in the proprietors' books and in the secretary of state's of- fice. At an assembly of all the Indian tribes of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, held at Easton, Pennsyl- vania, October8th-26th 1758, two deeds were executed by the Indians and their attorneys. One of these, by the Dela- wares, was for all the land south of a line drawn from Sandy Hook up the Raritan River and its north branch to the Alamtong (Lamington) Falls, and from thence to the Delaware River at the Paoqualin Mountain (Water Gap). In this the boundary along tidewater is low water mark. The other deed, executed by the Minisink and Pompton Indians, was for all that part of the State lying north of the above-mentioned division line and terminated at the north by a straight line drawn across the country from the mouth of Tappan Creek, in latitude 41° north, on the Hudson, to Cochecton, in latitude 41° 40' north, on the Delaware. These deeds were exe- cuted and the purchases made by the governor and council for the proprietors, at their expense. (See Direc- tions, etc.. Learning and Spicer, page 37. The deeds in Book 12, pages 85 and 89, secretary of state's office.) In 1832 Bartholomew S. Calvin, a Delaware chief and representing that tribe, memorialized the Legislature for certain fisheries in the southern tract, which he said had never been sold by the Indians. The Legislature did not acknowledge the legality of his claim, but in sheer compassion gave -him $2,000 and received a deed of re- lease from all further claims. This, as Gordon says in his History of New Jersey (page 65), was done on "principles of justice, humanity and sound policy. No pecuniary benefit resulted directly to the treasury, as she [the State] possessed in her own right not a single acre of the soil. This by every title, legal and equitable, was fully vested in the proprietaries respectively of East and West Jersey." When the proprietors in 1702 surrendered the right of government to the crown it was distinctly expressed by the English Boa'rd of -Trade, who had the matter in hand at that time, that the proprietors only desired to secure their rights in such things as are matters of property. {Learning and Spicer, page 607). In the discussions be- tween the proprietors and the British Board of Trade respecting the surrender {Learning and Spiur, page 590), the proprietors ask that " all lands, goods and chattels of felons, felons of themselves, deodands, fugitives, persons outlawed and put in exigent, waifs, estrays, treasures trove, mines and minerals, royal mines, wrecks, royal fish that shall be forfeited, found or taken within East Jersey or by the inhabitants thereof within the seas ad- jacent, remain to the proprietors, with all other privi- leges and advantages as amply as in the grant and confirmation to them of the 14th March 1683." The answer of the Board of Trade is: "This article may be reasonable except as to the goods and chattels of tray- tors, fugitives, and persons outlawed, which is matter of state; nor can right accruing to the proprietors from the seas adjacent be well circumscribed. The grant also of 1683 ought to be duly considered, and such particulars therein as are proper may be allowed of without such a general and undetermined reference." And, after accepting the surrender, Queen Anne in her instructions to Lord Cornbury, the first royal governor, directed him to secure the rights of the proprietors by proper legislation. Section 36 of the instructions is: " Our will and pleasure is that, for the better quieting the minds of our good subjects, inhabitants of our said province, and for the purpose of settling the properties and possessions qf all persons concerned therein (either as general proprietors of the soil under the first original grant of "said province made by the late King Charles H. to the late Duke of York, or as particular purchasers of any parcels of land from, the said general proprietors), you shall propose to said General Assembly of our said province the passing of such act or acts whereby the right and property of the said general proprietors to the soil of said province maybe confirmed to them according to their respective rights and title; together with all such quit rents as have been reserved or are or shall become due to the said general proprietors from the inhabitants of our said province; and all such privileges as are ex- pressed in the conveyances made by the said Duke of York, excepting only the right of government, wliich re- mains in us. And you are further to take care that by the said act or acts so to be passed the particular titles I TITLE To LANGS UNDLR WAT£R. 395 and estates of all the inhabitants of that province and other purchasers claiming under the said general proprie- tors be confirmed and settled, as of right does iippertain, under such obligations as shall tend to the best and speediest settlement' or cultivation of the same; pro- vided always that you do not consent to any act or acts to lay any tax on lands that lie unprofitable." Section 37 is: " You shall not permit any other person or persons besides the said general proprietors or their agents to purchase any lands whatever from the Indians within the limits of their grant." That everything which was matter of properly still re- mained with the proprietors is evident from the act of the Legislature in relation to settling the partition line between New York and New Jersey, which was passed February 23d 1764 [^Allison, New Jersey Laws, page 265, Chap. 397), and which is entitled " An Act for sub- jecting the estates of the general Proprietors of the East- ern Division of this Colony to the indemnification of this province from any expense in running the line between New Jersey and New York." In running this boundary the proprietors were subject to an expense of ;^7,ooo, and a loss of more than 342,000 acres of land which they had purchased of the Indians, and they received no indication from the State that this loss was of any public importance. It is only within comparatively recent times that the productive value of lands under water and the advan- tages pertaining to them have come to be appreciated in East Jersey. But as long ago as 1756 Jacob Spicer, of Cape May, purchased from the proprietors' agent all the rights of the West Jersey proprietors in Cape May county. These rights consisted mainly of the natural privileges — that is, the rights -of fishing, fowling, etc., in the sounds, bays, creeks, and thoroughfares which border the shores of the county. These rights' were afterward sold to the inhabitants of th'e four townships of that county, and the following is a brief of their title and legislative action on it: First Deed. — West Jersey Society to Jacob Spicer sen., dated August 2nd 1756, for all their lands, etc., in Cape May county. Second. — Jacob Spicer sen. to his son Jacob Spicer jr., dated May 6th 1762, devising all his rights to the shell, scale and fin fisheries in said county. Third. — Deeds of lease and release, dated August 3d 1795, between Jacob Spicer jr. of the first part, Franklin Davenport of the second part, and John Lawrence jr. of the third part, for the same in order to cause proceedings in court of chancery whereby a common recovery of the said common or fisheries might be had in the supreme court, confirming Spicer's title. In the supreme court of New Jersey in September 1795 such recovery was had, and Spicer' held the estate therein in fee simple. Fourth Deed. — Jacob Spicer and wife to one hundred and twenty-two (by name) inhabitants of the Lower town- ship, dated November 9th 1795. The Legislature passed acts February 5th 1813 and February 26th 1839 mcor- porating said owners in each township for 25 years, and extending 20 years, granting them corporation powers to make by-laws and regulations as to the management and use of said fisheries, impose penalties on tresspassers, etc. Also an. act March 23d 18.S9 extending the term 20 years longer, the owners thus holding by legislative grant and judgment of New Jersey supreme court in addition to or in confirmation of the title from Spicer. An act was passed in March 1879 extending 20 years longer all fish- eries whose charter expired that year. The fisheries along the Delaware a're all held under grants from tlfe proprietors, and they extend to the mid- dle of the river. Th.ey are of great value. The right in them is recognized in our State laws, and the title has never been questioned until the recent sale of some of the shore by the riparian commissioners has tresspassed on the fisheries, and a case has been made up in regard to the ownership, which is now awaiting trial before the ■United States district court. The right to hold oyster lands as the property of the original proprietors has been contested in several cases before our State courts, and has been decided against them [Arnold v. Mundy, I Halstead, page i); but the Legislature by its acts has recognized the rights of in- dividual property in these oyster beds, as in the case of Shark River, where individual owners hold leases from the county of Monmouth for lands under water which are planted with oysters; and the common sense and practice of the people all along the seashore, and the bays, creeks and sounds of salt water recognize the rights of property in grounds planted with oysters, and such grounds are respected as individual property and con- sidered of great value. The council of proprietors has in many instances made grants of land under water, and persons taking title from them still hold possession. The practice of the proprietors from the beginning has been to sell any land which parties desiring to purchase would improve; considering that sales of this kind, if the conditions of sale were fulfilled, would enhance the value of those lands which remain unsold. This is ex- pressly stated in the grants and concessions, and it is further made a condition in those early grants of head- lands and patents which require only the yearly payment of a half penny an acre, or in some cases much less. (" That if any plantation so granted shall, by the space of three years, be neglected to be planted with a suffi- cient number of servants, as is before mentioned, that then it shall and may be lawful for us otherwise to dis- pose thereof in whole or in part, this grant notwithstand- ing." — Learning a7id Spicer, page 25.) -And it evidently was for the protection of the proprietors in their unim- proved or then unproductive lands that the clause was inserted in the instructions to Lord Cornbury, that he should " not consent to any act or acts to lay any tax upon lands that lie unprofitable." This agreement still holds, and lands that have never been sold, or if sold have never been improved according to conditions of rent, still belong to the proprietors. Such lands_ are now coming to be in demand, at considerable prices. The oyster grounds in the navigable waters, and the mud flats bare at low tide or covered by water too shallow for navigation, are in some cases of great productive or pros- pective value. The ownership of all these by the suc- cessors of the original owners, from whom they pur- chased them, is just and equitable. The demand for them for useful jiurposes is now so immediate that we think it is due to the proprietors and to the State to have the titles fully investigated and the questions at issue settled. The Eleventh New Jersey Regiment. The following account of the services of the nth N. J. volunteers is from a letter by Major Thomas J. Hal- sey, of that regiment, to Hon. Edmund D. Halsey: The first engagement was that in front of Fredericks- burg, in which the regiment lost two men only; but we had been under fire and the regiment stood up to its work. Our next engagement was the hard fought battle of Chancellorsville. We were then in the isf" brigade, 2nd division, 3d corps. The regiment went into that fight on the afternoon of May 2nd 1863. After fighting until dark put an end to the contest we lay on our arms all night. 396 HISTORY OF MORRIS COUNTY. On the morning of the 3d the contest was renewed, and it was a most terrific fight. My company (E) suffered terribly. I took into the fight 54 men; seven were killed outright and twenty wounded, of whom two died from the effects of their wounds. I was shot through the thigh about 9 o'clock, and was carried to the rear by three of my men, one of whom — Sergeant James McDavit, of Dover — was shot through the head and fell dead by my side; and Lieutenant E. E. Newberry was shot through the leg. The regiment did splendid work, losing 157 killed and wounded. At the battle of Gettysburg, the record shows, the nth put in good work, as every field officer and all the captains but one were killed or wounded. Captain D. B. I.ogan, a most splendid officer, from old Morris, was killed in the fight. Having sufficiently recovered from my wound, I joined the regiment in August at Beal's Station, and, finding myself the senior officer, took command until Colonel McAllister's return. The next battle was at Locust Grove, on the 27th of November 1863. We had a hard fight. The Excelsior brigade on our right and the 26th Pennsylvania on our left gave way, being hard pressed, and the nth, being left alone, had to follow suit. We then went into winter quarters, and I was sent to Trenton on recruiting service. I rejoined the regiment in April following. On the morning of May 4th 1864 the grand old Army of the Potomac, under Grant, took up the line of march to find Lee and a battle. It did not take us long to find him, ready for a fight, and we had plenty of it. On the 5th we struck the enemy on the Brock road. On the 6th the fighting was terrible. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon Lee massed his forces and tried to break the center; but it was of no use, as our boys were behind works. We punished him most terribly. Many of our men shot over 100 rounds of ammunition apiece. It was a series of fights from that time on until we ar- rived in front of Petersburg, in which the nth regiment was in every engagement. On the i6th of June we had a hard fight, keeping it up until 2 o'clock next morning. The firing was incessant. In that engagement Captam Layton of Jersey City was killed, and many of our men were killed or wounded. On the 21st the regiment was sent to the skirmish line and remained on the line all night. On the 22nd we had a hard fight with General Birneyin command (General Hancock being unwell). By some oversight there was a gap on our left, through which General Mahone brought his division, completely flank- ing us, capturing 1,600 prisoners, among which number I found myself. I thus remained in the sunny south un- til the next March, when I was exchanged. I rejoined the regiment near Appomattox, and had the extreme sat- isfaction of heading the regiment in the march through the city of Richmond on our way home. Below is a list of the Morris county men in Company E of the I ith regiment who were killed or died from disease: Sergeant James McUavit, William H. Sweet and Dan- iel Talmadge, killed at Chancellorsville; Sergeant E. Sturtevant, Thomas Tinney and Jacob Miller, killed at Gettysburg; Joshua Beach, wounded and taken prisoner at Locust Grove, and died in prison; Isaac Odell, Colum- bus Shauger and Cyrus Talmadge, died of disease. It will be seen from the above th.it the company lost ten men by bullets and disease of the 63 that went from Morris county. I can truly say that all the men but three or four acted their part well and did splendid service. Company E was the finest company in the regiment, and I was proud of it. The nth did its full share in the glorious cause in which we were engaged, and New- Jersey may well feel proud of her gallant sons, as they stand second to none. The Village of Butler. By IsiDOR Lewi. The youngest village in Morris county — Butler — is sit- uated in Peqiiannock township, on the Pequannock River and on the line of th&-New York, Susquehanna and West- ern Railroad. It was until recently that portion of the village of Bloomingdale located in Morris county. Butlgr has about [,ioo inhabitants, and has grown up around the factory of the Rubber Comb and Jewelry Company, which gives employment to about 800 persons, two-thirds of whom are men, the remainder women and children. This factory, a view of which is given here- with, is the largest hard rubber factory in the world, its buildings covering an area of upward of four acres in its present incomplete condition; additions being in the course of erection as we go to press. The " Newbrough Hard Rubber Company " con- structed the nucleus of these works some years ago; also the large raceway, nearly two miles long, which now sup- plies the works with water sufficient to drive two large turbine wheels, which, together with a two hundred horse power engine, give the power for the vast quantity of ma- chinery employed. "The Union Vulcanite Company," which succeeded the Newbrough, made very few if any improvements, and in December 1876 the Rubber Comb and Jewelry Com- pany became possessors of the factory, consisting at that time of one one-story building 50 by 200 feet. It was at this time that S. S. Sonneborn, one of the most ex- perienced rubber manufacturers of this country, whose experience as a practical manufacturer extends now over a period of a quarter of a century, entered the abandoned factory. Surrounding himself with able scientific assist- ants, whom he had met and been associated with in Europe, and being himself a model of energy and indus- try, he soon resurrected the manufacture of hard rubber at this place, and became a powerful competitor to the then larger manufacturers. Among the more prominent of Mr. Sonneborn's assist- ants might be mentioned William Kiel and J. P. Lange. The buzz of the water wheel and the clatter of ma- chinery were again heard in the quiet mountain valley and served to attract people from the neighborhood. Just at this time some factories near by, giving employment to large numbers of hands, had suspended operations, and the roads leading to "the rubber works" were thronged with sturdy men seeking a new field for their labors, a new home. The number of hands in the factory soon in- creased from 60 to upward of 200; houses began to spring up; the factory grew daily; its products became known and were sought in the market, and thrift and general prosperity were everywhere apparent. In July 1879 Richard Butler, late of the firm Howard, Sanger & Co., was made president of the Rubber Comb and Jewelry Company and manager of the New York office, while the treasurer, Mr. Sonneborn, remained in charge of the factory. Although numerous and important additions had been made to the factory prior to this time, the larg- est improvements were now undertaken. Besides enlarg- ing the works to facilitate the production of the goods, which were now in great demand, the company began to improve the land in the immediate vicinity, large tracts of which had been purchased by them. Streets were laid out and a number of dwelling houses erected, which were rented to the employes at low rates. One street is shown in the cut. The last house on this street was finished THE RUBBER COMB AND JEWELRY COMPANY'S TACTOf CITY OFFICE 33 Jv^Eg^crq ^A^t' >"*»^*^ ^^ (■jr*v*?r>'^>tsj^ ^ .t^ - "'?f-^^ rt-H&k, .^ ^■*-r^^*.fe. ; ?!'*'» %*^^Vte-^ ^««^^„ ^X^ *H TiH^^??^,.-*^*!^^^ j^ '''*«^^ ^_ ;^^7^ BUTU^R, MORRIS COUNTY, NEW JERSEV. HARD RUBBER AND EXCELSIOR FACTORIES. 397 on the day of the death of Sanford R. Gifford, the gifted American artist, and, as a tribute to his memory and a compliment to his personal friend and executor Mr. But- ler, the street was named by Mr. Sonneborn "Gifford street." The artist had visited the place only a short time prior to his death, and was so charmed with the beautiful mountain scenjry that he looked forward with great pleasure to the time when he would return and add bits of the picturesque landscape to his collection. Alas! his hopes were not realized; and as his works remain a monument to his industry and his devotion to the art he loved, so does Gifford street betoken the apprecia- tion of his friends and their sorrow at his untimely end. About this time Messrs. Howell & Noble, of Morris- town, who are large land-owners here, erected a number of dwellings, a large store, public hall and hotel, laid out streets, and did much toward the imoroveraent of the village. Up to this time all mail matter for the factory and the village of which it was the center still came to a post- ofific-e situated in another county, viz. Bloomingdale, Passaic county. The necessity for a new post-office be- came greater daily, and in July 1881 the Hon. Thomas L. James, postmaster general, in answer to the petition of the residents of the Morris county portion of Blooming- dale, established a new post-office, appointing Edward J. Lewi, the proprietor of the largest store in the place, postmaster, and, in recognition of the fact that to the Rub- ber Comb and Jewelry Company was due the growth of the place, named the office "Butler" after Richard Butler, president of the company. Shortly after this action on the part of the government a meeting of the property owners of the place was held at the Park Hotel, on which occasion the residents re- ceived official notice of that action. A resolution was unanimously carried endorsing this step and asking the Midland Railroad Company of New Jersey (now the New York, Susquehanna and Western) to change' the name of the station to Butler, to conform to the name of the post-office. Thus the Morris county portion of Bloomin};,dale and the station on the line of the railroad became " Butler." There is probably no important branch of manufacture of which the public has less information than in regard to the making of hard rubber; for that reason it will not be amiss to give here a sketch of the interesting process by which a comb, a pipe stem, a delicately chased pistol- stock or a surgical instrument is produced. These ar- ticles and hundreds of others are being manufactured » here, since hard rubber has become a necessity in trade and the household. It has superseded dark woods, bone and ivory, in articles which can thus be produced at a much lower figure and are more durable and ornamental. As a material for scientific instruments, particularly electrical and surgical, and for telephone appliances, it has become absolutely indispensable, its insulating prop- erties, flexibility and withal its comparative cheapness making it preferable to any other material. The crude material, the sap of the rubber tree, is found in the largest quantities in South and Central America and Afri.ca. Having been cured and hardened, it is shipped knd comes to the factory in bales and cases, and, after being thoroughly cleansed o.f all impurities by a system of grinding on slowly revolving rollers which run in water, it is mixed with sulphur and other ingredients, which, when the mass is vulcanized, harden and blacken. After these ingredients have, by repeated passages through the cylinders, been thoroughly incorporated with the rubber, the whole, a soft putty-like mass, is calendered and becomes a sheet of grayish color and of a doughey nature. This sheet is then plated, i. e., it is incased in sheets of very thin tin foil, which a-re pressed firmly on the soft mass in order to expel all particles of air and moisture. The tin foil used for this purpose is made of the very best metal and is all rolled here, three pairs of rollers of huge size being used for that purpose. The " plated sheets " are then cut into strips of various sizes, according to what is to be made of them. If a comb is to be made, the rubber, sandwiched between the tin, is pressed in the desired shape by the toggle press, five of which are in constant operation. The mould, consisting of two plates, closes on the compound, forcing out be- tween the edges the surplus matter, and forming in a moment of time a solid comb of correct shape and thick- ness, and without a possible flaw. The power of these presses is calculated at 1,000,000 pounds to the square inch. The rubber now, although pressed into shape, is still a soft, useless mass; the principal step toward its becoming a black, hard body must yet be taken, viz. the vulcanization. This is done by exposure to a tempera- ture of about 275° in steam-heated cylinders. After about twelve hours the moulded mass is taken from the vulcanizer transformed. The tin is stripped off, and the soft, putty-like mass has become a hard black comb — without teeth. The process of making rubber combs from the plate thus produced is very much the same as that for horn, bone or other hard material. The auto- matic sawing and cutting machines, the processes of gririding, rubbing and polishing are each interesting to the visitor of these various departments, which contain labor-saving machinery of the latest and most perfect patterns. All the paper boxes, of which great quantities are used daily, are made in the company's own box factory, where about fifty hands are employed. The turning-room, where telephones, syringes and countless articles useful and ornamental are made, gives employment to about fifty experienced rubber turners, and the work in this department is known throughout the country for its superior character. THE EXCELSIOR FACTORY. The excellent water facilities have attracted other manufacturers to this place, most prominent among them being the firm Demarest & Russell, manufacturers of " excelsior." The factory is situated on the Pequannock River, about one mile from the station and post-office of Butler. The machines used to cut the poplar, basswood and whitewood into the various grades of excelsior are run by water exclusively, a 30-inch turbine wheel giving the power. The demand for this article, which is used extensively for bedding, upholstering and packing, has become so great that Messrs. Demarest & Russell have been com- pelled to build additions to their factory, which now gives employment to sixteen men, which number will be considerably increased when the additions now in course of erection are completed. INDEX TO NAMES. The names composing the following classes or lists are, on account of their great number, necessarily omitted from this index: Members of military organizations; members of fire companies; township officers (pages 239, 240, 382, 383); pastors of M. E. churches (pages 258, 388); church members (pages 304, 308, 309, 318, 341); church officers (pages 340, 346, 347, 369); pupils (page 350); school trustees, etc. (page 354); Morris county soldiers who died in the civil war (pages 359, 360). When the only distinction between two or more names consists of middle names or initials such distirrction is omitted; thus John Smith, John B. Smith and John C Smith will be found under the name of John Smith. lblrs,!^l"-^bam, 293. Samuel T., 293. Ackerman, Alexander, 21. Ackerson, Alexander W., 313. Ackley, James, 335. Adams, Ephraim, 44. James S., 153, 164. Joseph A., 152. Samuel, 39. Stephen, 44, 234. Aikman, Hohert, 71, 209. Albright, Robert, 77, 78,201. Alden, Wllliara, 288. Allen, family, 341. David, 77, 275. D. S., 321. Edward, 368. Erastus, 157, 164. Gilbert, 133, 138. Henry, 310. Jabez, 64, 318, 328. Job, 25, 41, 42, 45, 66, 132, 274, 336, 339, 343, 346, 350, 356. John, 58. Pierson, 308. Thomas, 58, 358. William, 77. Allerton, Jacob, 343. Allien, Jacob, 138. John, 138, 355. Ailing, Pruden, 53, 67, 74, 79. Alpaugh, Jacob, 381. Alrich, Peter, 8. Alyea, Abbott, 25. Ames, John G., 144. Anderson, Calvin, 201. Ellakim, 345. Henry V., 388. James, 49, 164. John, 10, 15, 39, 75. William, 75, 138, 200, 388. Andross, Sir Edward, 9, 15. Anson, H. J., 3!i3. Anthony, George, 183. Appleton, John P., 73, 183, 393. Arms, Clifford S., 208. Armstrong, Alfred M., 158. Amzi, 71, 152, 248, 344. Ellis T., 147, 158, 164. Arnold, Isaac G., 147. Jacob, 36, 38, 44, 74, 78, 113, 146, 149, 191. Arrowsmith, Michael, 77. Nicholas, 76. Ashley, Pelatiah, 153. Atno, Francis R., 164. Sherwood S., 163. Atwood, Anthony, 140. Auger, William, 336. Austin, Jonah, 44, 339. Averill, James 0., 73, 344. Axtell, Charles, 78, 242, 248. Daniel, 248. Bbenezer, 29. Henry, 149, 241, 342, 244, 248. Jacob T., 163. Samuel, 79, 243. Silas, 38, 79, 248. Aylrs,h"»«°«-T«- Horace, 162. George, 3.55. John, 138, 146, 148. Joseph, 3.53. Stewart, 388. William, 355, 356. B. Babbitt, Joseph, 164. Seth, 76. William, 76, 143, 156, 158, 248. Babcock, James, .52. Joseph H., 317. Badgley, family, 263. Bailey, Benjamin, 130, 133, 149. John, 320. William, 1.57, 311. Baker, family, 293, 360, 362. David, 343. Henry, 43, 63, 360. •lames, 150. Jeremiah, 43, 45. Thomas, 263. William, 45, 63, 151, 163, 363. Baldwin, Bethuel, 250. Caleb, 341. Daniel, 33, 226. David, 213. Elijah, 250. Ezekiel, 353. Isaac, 69. James, 5f , ,357. John, 219. Joseph, 67, 349. Samuel, 132. Stephen, 356. Ball, Aaron, 76. Caleb, 21. Isaac, 77. James, 78. John, 149. Joshua, 49, 115, 152. Samuel, 26, 33. Ballentine, John, 77. Joseph, 74, 151, 162, 164. Banghart, C. L., 72. George, 140. Banta, Henry, 269. J. V. S., 354. Barclay, David, 109. John, 17. flobert, 9, 15, 17. Bard, Elisha, 77. Bardwell, D. M., 71. Barker, P. C, 143, 163. Barkley, David, 336. Barnes, Albert, 134, 136,.150. Asa A., 140. Barr, George G., 275. Bartine, D. W., 140. Bartley, Hugh, 79. Jonathan P., 78. William, 255, 259. Barton, John, 352. Thomas, 42. Bartow, Thomas, 40. William, 52. Basse, Jeremiah, 15. Bastedo, Jacob, 336. Bates, Alexander, 275. David, 32, 76. John, 78, 163. Batolf, Guillian, 49. Bayard, Nicholas, 266. Samuel, 266. Bayles, Augustin, 148. Benjamin, 132, 159. Samuel, 133. Beach, family, 349. Abner, 42, 132, 138. Benjamin, 19, 20, 42, 76, 132, 335, 336, 338, 343, 355. Chilion, 42. Columbus, 42, 77, 78, 162, 315. Frederick H., 358. Enoch, 36, 38. Ephraim, 69, 70. Ezekiel, 36. F. H., 320. Isaac, 77. Joseph, 32, 35, 75, 241. Joshua, 396. Moses, 77. Nathaniel, 349. Samuel, 76, 78, 145, 262, 338. William, 78, 147. Bean, Moses, 77. Beardslej', George, 39. Beatty, John C, 164. Becker, William, 157, 158. Bedell, family, 362. Bedford, Joseph, 275. Bedle, Joseph D., 15. Beekman, Hinojossa, 8. William, 8. Beaupland, V. B. K., 209. Beaman, ) Beeman, >- family, 342. Beraan, ) Alpheus, 40, 313, 315, 316. David, 40, 43, 53, 375, 339, 342. Josiah, 40, 43, 45, 57, 275, 292, 295, 314, 337, 339, 350. Samuel, 343. Beers, Jabez, 79, 157. John H., 62. Belcher, Jonathan, 10, 15, 132. Belden, William, 256. Bell, Andrew, 355. Augustus W., 163. Bellars, John, 336. Benuet, K., 317. Bentley, E. D., 139. J.V., 140, 157, 163. Bergen, John G., 207. Berkle.v, Lord, 9. 1-fj^-^ family, 392. Aaron, 61. Edward Payson, 311. Henry, 375, 351, 355. John D., 319. Martin, 281. Paulus, 20. Samuel, 18, 266. Stephen, 313. Titus, 318, 351. Biard, John, 375. Bierworth, L. C, 320. Biddle, Clement, 125. Edward, 45, 56, 64. William, 19. INDEX TO NAMES. 399 Bidleman, George, 67. Bright, Lemuel, 237. Byllinge, Edward, 9, 15. 8^S;^lr;fj-°b,2U,38-. Bidleon, William,. 336. Thomas, 2:i6. Byrara, Aaron, 343. Bigalow, family, 275. Brinckerhott, George D., 228,273. Abigail, 26. John, 255. Aaron, 42, 275. James G., 253. Abraham, 246. Caul, Robert, 381. John, 19, 42, 48. Brittin, Abraham, 78, 160. Ebenezer, 75, 242, 246. Cazad. Samuel, 350. Bilby, John, 388. William, 38, 69, 76, 77, 78, 162. Eliab, 246. Chadwel), George H., 144. Bird, Ellsha, 19. BrizeliuB, Paul D., 384. John, 63, 69, 163, 246. Chamberlain, A , 239. Isaac, 77, 140, 163. Broadwell, Burtis M., 311. William H., 204. Horace, 45, 47, 78. John, 164. David, 338, 338. Joseph, 44. Bishop, David D., 72, 319. Josiah, 75, 206. Lewis, 44. Edwin, 80. Simeon, 76, 162. c. Rev. W., 72. Nathan, 198. Brookholst, Anthony, 18, 266. Chandler, family, 362. Heuben, 208. Broderick, James, 31. Cain, John V., 313. Lyman A., 58, 77, 78, 357, 362. Blackwell & McFarlan, 45, 314, Bronson, Asahel, 257. Caffrey, Patrick, 287. Chapman, Chalmers D., 2.56. Blair, Samuel, 275. Brookfleld, James, 193. Caldwell, family, 262. John, 333. Blanchard, George, 313. John, 76, 138. Charles H., 311. Cheever, Ezekiel, 1.32. Moses, 313, 317. Moses A., 77, 140. Elias, 262. Jonathan, 148. Blanchet, Dureste 203. Brotherton, Henry, 291, 310. James, 192, 195, i96, 263. Cherry, Moses, 142. Blatchley, Ebenezer, 31. James, 291. Calkins, Darius, 317. William, 13:3. J. Warren, 156. Richard, 280, 307, 315. Callam, John, 308. Chester, Alfred, 151. Blauvelt. George M., 214. Brower, David, 251. Camp, Caleb, 35. Chew, Benjamin, a36. I. Alslyne, 385. Brown, Abbott, 210. Campbell, Caleb, 67. R. S., 157. Blaw, Cornelius, 252, 282. Andrew, 64. 'Joseph, 71, 387. Child, Francis, 76, 142. Blecker, John A., 76, 78. Anson, 353. Campfield, Abraham, 132. Chovey, Charles L., 204. Bloomfleld, Joseph, 15. Abraham, 250. Isaac, 80. Christine, William W.,318. Blything, Joseph, 223. A. M. E., 226. Jabez, 31, 75, 76, 113, 1.33, 149, Church, William E., 1.37, 1.58. Board, Cornelius, 48. Daniel, 206. 1.50, 155. Clancy, T. F., 2-57. Bockover, George, 76. Henry I., 159, 162, William, 38, 57, 74, 78, 80, 147, Clark, Ab;-aham, 346. Bogart, Samuel, 352. James M., 81, 82, 158. 149, 153, 1.55. Benjamin, 367. Boisaubin, Amedie, 209. John, 29, 48, 141, 239, 275. T. T., 368. Daniel, 263. Beauplain, 190. J. M., 316. Canfleld, Abraham C, 77, 141, 153, 1.59 2fi3 Henry, 241, 245. Vincent, 202. Bolland, James, 335. BoUen, James, 332. Bolton, J., 144. Jonathan, 29, 39. Joshua, 153. Peter B., 48, 236. Thomas, 41,42. Augustus C, 77, 78, 163. Benjamin 0., 76, 142, 164, 264. Dayton L, 141, 162. Francis. 183 319 Isaac, 132. James N., 345. J. H., 388. Jesse, 245. Bonnell, family, 263. Benjamin, 193. Uriah, 154. Bruen, David, 25, 76, 188. Frederick, 63, 310, 365. Henry, 38. Isaac, 42, 43, 57, 149. Israel, .57, 67, 74. 76, 147 149 John,i33, 338,343, .344. Nathaniel, 245. Carman, 293. Enos, 200. F. A., 72. Ichabod, 196, 208. Sylvester, 293. William X., 263. James, 31. James H., 78. 153, 159, 263, 314. Clemson, T. G., 144. Jonathan, 69, 162. Joseph, 193. James C 57, 75, 160. Cobb, Andrew B., 46, 56, 66, 76, 345. Nathan, 262. Brundage, Albert, 71. John, 141, 164, 264. Ebenezer, 46, 48. Bonsall, James, 140, 147. Buchanan, Charles G., 61, 357. Mahlon, 63. Edward, 224. Boone, Thomas, 10, 15, 273. Buck, J. S.. 72. Silsrs D., 63. George T., 74, 77, 78, 140, 146, Boss, Gideon V., 352. Booth, K. M., 181. BufkiVT'l-J--^^^-"«- William, 38, 51. Cardiff, James, 275. 151, 156, 162, 182, 219, John, 41, 42, 74, 76, 78, 234. 358. Boozer, John, 138. Bostedo, Jacob, 52, 71. John, 320. Budd, family, 215. Cardy, John, 275. Carle, family, 263. Lemuel. 46. 52, 56, 67, 70 160, 219, 223, 227, 335, Lewis B., 162. Cobbett, Edward, 158. 79, 349. Boudinot, Tobias, 67, 349. Elias, 335. Abraham, 256. Bernardus, 198. John, 23, 24, 25, 38, 75, 77, 78, 263, 343. Boutelier, L., 226. Daniel, 162, 215. Carmichael, Alexander, 36, 74, 76, 78, Cochran, I. W., 71, 72. Bowers, Lemuel, 75. John, 198, 254, 332, 365. 147, 149. 150. Coe, A. J., 320. Samuel, 75. Bull, Richard, 268. A uisustus, 1.58. Benjamin, 133, 149. Bowlsby, George, 225. Richard. 36. William, 31. Bunn, Lewis D., 164. Charles, 147, 162. David, 74. Ebenezer, 78, 388. Jared, 45. Bowman, Lambert, 76. Bunting, James H., 204. Carnes, William, 233. Joseph W., 20, 21. S. L., 72, 140. Burchell, Samuel, 313. Zophar, 29. Peter E., 313. Bowne, Andrew, 15. Burnett, Aaron, 188, 206. Carpenter, John M., 357. Ruth, 25. Conover, 380. Boyd, William, 354. David, 77. Carr, Sir Robert, 8. Thomas, 46, 77, 79, 291. Edward, 247. William A., 78. Cogswell, John, 339. Boykin. John, 141. Boylan, James, 226. Boyle, family, 282. Solomon, 79, 262, 263. James, 108, 206. John, 335. Josiah, 193. Matthew, 76. Carrell, Daniel, 291, 308. James, 148, 151, 164, 291, 313. Carrington, Jonathan, 275. Carroll, Thomas M, 140. Nathan, 20. Coghlan, A. J. &R.,223. Daniel, 78, 223. Cole, David, 346, 354. Bradley, William R., 79. Bradford, Ebenezer, 206, 368. Brady, James, 306. Brainerd, David, 246, 290. Matthias, 25, 138, 148, 188, 344. Samuel C, 141. William, 188, 269, 334. Burnham, F. G., 142. Carter, Azariah, 77, 201. Benjamin, 193, 205. Jeremiah, 193. Lewis, 38. E., 152. Henry, 77. Peter, ,38. Coleman, Azal, 378. Brant, David, 201. Era=itus. 311. Gordon, 163. Burr, J. K., 140. Luke, 205. Thomas, 71, 183 Benjamin, 39. James S., 162. Samuel, 204. Burras, James, 1.57. Carteret, Sir George, 9. John, 8. Bray, William H., 309. Breck, Francis, 254. .3«5. ■Breese, Sidney, 316. Brewerton, G. D., 139. Burrel, Joseph, 339. Burrill, Samuel, 233. i;j??Sre^,NA---«''- John, 31, 190. Philip, 9, 15. Gary, Amzi, 143. Daniel, 367. Ephraim, 243. John, 242, 247- Joseph, 77. J. Warren, 380. Colfax, George R., 76. Robert, 46, 67, 75, 76, 160 279. 274 Brewster, George D., 80. James F., 71, 214. Briant, 1 . go Bryant, f'^ •'''"■ D. L., 63. William, 318. Burwell, Ephraim, 337. Ca.se, Charles P., 158. Ichabod, .348. William, 31, 38, 266. Colics, George W., 151, 159, 164. Samuel, 339. William H., 311. Collier, J. H., 253. Bushnell, Thomas C., 137, 1.59. Casen, Joseph, 22. CoUvcr, family. 374. James W., 74, 75, 313. Buskirk, Lawrence, 36. Caskey, Enoch T., 137, 138: Joseph, 379. John J., 69. Butler, E. E., 319. John, 79. Combs, Moses, 67. Samuel O., 76. Daniel, 291, 308. Butler, Richard, 396. Robert v., 256. Peter, 293. Butterworth, Joshua H., 326. Samuel C, 77. Comley, James, 280. Jacob, 308. Briddin, Joseph, 21. Briggs, Thomas H., 259. J. F., 319. Buttz, Henry A., 140, 403. William C, 168, 162, 164. Casterline, John A., 313, 319. Condict, 1 <,„„„„ Qii- Condit, ^'"""y'^l'- Byard, Samuel, 18. Joseph, 345, 348, 353. Aaron, 78, 225, 344. 400 INDEX TO NAMES. Benjamin, 76, 77, 78, 250. n. S., 318, 23V. Edward, 67, 74, 75, 76, 159, 162, SJo, 849. Hiram, 368. Isaiah W., 317. Israel, 58, 69. I. W., 318. Jonatlian, 13, 137. Lewis, 39, 69, 74, 76, 77, 78, 150, 153, 160, 367. ilelvin S., 75, 334. Nathaniel 0., 39, 250. .Peter, 26,130, 132, 148. Philip, l.TO, 138. Silas, 26, 32, 76, 78, 113, 117, 148, 162. Swain A., 250. Stephen, 250. Timothy, 80, 250. Cone, John, 275. Nathan, 375. Spencer H., 388. CoS|lr;}Abioah,353,355. Benjamin, 132. David, 136, 351. Joseph, 274. Stephen, 76. Thomas, 278, 337, 351. William, a56. Snkltak,[ Benjamin, 263. Cornelius S., 183. B. H., 72. John, 131. Jonathan, 133. Nathaniel, 71, 183, 253. Stephen, 159. William, 78, 263. Z. W., 141. Conlifl, Joseph, 36. Connett, Henry, 262. Madison, 42. Conrad, John, 313. Conway, John, 39. Cook, Abraham, 77. Daniel, 76. Ellis, 35, 26, 53, 75, 76, 78, 188, 193. Fred. W.,350. Henry, 248. Horace, 233. James, 34, 38, 69, 78, 140. Jacoh, 241, 248, John, 79, 193, 336, 346, 347. Joseph, 348. Michael, 250, 253. Nathan A., 77. Silas, 76, 78, 160, 250, 252. Sylvanus, 77. Cooper, family, 210,262. Abraham, 2il. Benjamin, 49, 50, 75, 109. Daniel, 74, 75, 262. David T., 77, 78. ( Elijah, 153. Ezra, 142. George, 363. Henry, 67, 76. John G., 76, 363. J. D., 345. Nathan, 63, 76, 78, 241, 248. Stephen B., 358. Corbit, Israel S., 309. Coriell, James N., 164. Walter N., 159. Corliss, Alonzo B., 184. Cornelius. John, 39. Cornell, Frederick F., 3,53. S. F., 144. Cornish, Alonzo, 263. Robert N., 72, 363. Cornine. John, 237. Corrine, William, 38. Cortelyou, John W., 138. Cortland, John, 19. Philip, 23. 1 Cortright, Harlan W., 23«. Corwin, iQeorB-eS 163 Corwine, 1 '^eorge b., io-. John, 308. L. F., 72', 368. Nathan, 77. Samuel W., 182. William, 76, 78. Cossett, .Tacob, 255. Job, 355. Cosby, William, 10, 15. Cough, William, 375. Coursen, William A., 74. Coulter, James,375. Courter, family, 268. John, 30. Covert, C. A., 331. Coxe,[l3euJamin,159. Daniel, 10, 15, 17, 318. Samuel, 348, 307. Craig, Daniel D., 163. Cramer, James, SOS. Crane, Albert, 183. Augustus, 163.' Benjamin, 76, 351, 331. Edward, 21. George, 59. Henry, 60. H. W.,181, 184. Israel, 67, 381, 349. J. T., 140, 156. Matthias, 138, 153. Nathaniel, 193. Obadiah, 76. Oliver, 145. Samuel, 42. Stephen, 11. Timothy W., 183. William, 31. Uzal, 337. Cranston, Alfred, 147. Crater, David, 77. Philip W.,153. • P. J., 73. Crawley, Charles, 275. Creger, John, 386. Crittenden, family, 317. Ira, 306. Thomas D., 317. Crome, Oliver, 298. Crooks, "G. H., 203. Cross, John, 131. Crossett, Robert, 307, 310. Crowell, David A., 380. F. J.,115. Seth, 301. Cullen, William, 1,38. Cummins, }n„„^„^rt ait Cummings, f George 0., 317. Guillian T., 77. Robert, 341, 243. Samuel, 351. Cumit, Aaron, 138. Cutler, Augustus, 26, 74, 77, 78, 151, 162, 172. Jesse, 138. Joseph, 26, 80. Silas C, 141. CTriah, 130, 132. W. W., 159. Cuyler, Henry, 335. John M., 141. D. Dally, James, 275. ' Dallas, Archibald, 28, 28, 29, 31. Dalliker, Frederick, 386. Dalrymple, family, 391. Charles, 141, 157, 163, 164. Dennis, 315. Henry M., 137, 138, 157. John, 77. Joseph, 75, 76, 291, 315. Vanclever, 75. Danels, Benjamin, 275. William, 239. Danforth, George H., 143. Edward J., 143. Darby, John, 220. Darcy, John, 31, 38, 30, 78, 79, 157, 160 198, 352. Darly, J. P., 309. Davenport, Abraham, 251. Bishop, 352. Charles P., 236. Cornelius, 44, 76, 229, 234, 236- Enos, 77, 234, 235, 355. Hugh, 275. Humphrey, 350, 368, 375.- H. H., 289. John, 19, 21, 230, 250, 275. James L., 348, 355. Leonard, 251. Davis, Joel, 137, 138. J. J., 158. J. Kirby, 237, 368. Dawson, E. B., 182. Day, Artemas, 76. Aaron, 237. Benjamin , 75. Charles, 79. David, 75, 77. Francis A., 140. Henry, 60. Israel, 68. Jemima, 138. John, 21. Paul, 204. Phebe, 26. Samuel, 32, 132, 193. Stephen, 25, 76, 141, 193, 262. Tunis, 43. Thomas, 355. Wilbur F., 140, 158. William, 193, 369. Dayless, William, 31. Dayton, Ellas, 28, 30, 31. Dean, Thomas, 311. De Baun, Jacob A. N., 329. Peter, 379. D«Boug^4 family, S De Bow, f Garret, 31, 279. John, 76, 78, 275. Paul B., 78. De Camara, Joseph B., 80. De Camp, Augusta, 65. Chilion F., 48, 335. David, 44, 77. Edward, 48. G. I., 337. Jane, 64. Jeremiah M., 75. John, 67, 76, 333, 234, 335, 349. Joseph, 44, 45. Lemuel, 44. Samuel, 44. William S., 66. Decker, Joseph, 346. Decker, John, 46, 182. De Hart, Charles, 308, 334. Job W., 311. John, 11. Matthias, 24. Robert, 73. Stephen, 63. William, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 77, 148. De Lancey, Oliver, 335. Dell, Richard, 293, 295, 338. Dellicker, David, 76. Frederick, 47, 75. William, 76, 78, 379. Demarest & Russell, 397. Jacob, 36. Samuel, 38, 79. De Mott, family, 267. Frederick A., 75, 172. Garrett, 75. DeiSh!' \ Frederick, 79, 337, 338. Jacob, 76, 269, 336. Denman, Matthias, 38. Samuel, 193. Dennison, James R., 77. Lyman, 59, 328. Denton, Daniel, 320. Depue, M. Ayres, 388. Derickson, George W., 158. Derry, Daniel, 320. J. J., 144. William, 317. Dertbick, John J., a51, 353. Dey, Tunis, 367. De^oe,Khraim,385.. Oliver H. P., 73, 344. Dickerson, family, 321. Alexander, 77, 78, 315. Cornelius, 78. Daniel. 145, 356. Edward N., 63. Esther, 35. James L., 44, 234. John, 78, 334. Jonathan, 25, 63, 78, 133, 153, 148, 291. Joseph, 45, 78, 160, 234, 236, 239, 315. Joshua. 145. Mahlon, 1.5, 25, 47, 63, 76, 78, 114, 160, 310, 313, 321. 366. Mahlon L., 237. Peter, 145. Philemon, 1.5, 30, 52, 63, 122, 230, 262. Silas, 47. Stephen, 176, 234, 345, 349. Sylvester, 313. Thomas, 25, 76. William, 77, 314. Dickinson, Jonathan, 198. Dixon, Calvin, 77. James, 46, 148, 288. Lot, 76. William, 147, 159, 335, 336, 346. Dobbin, E. L., 140. J., 318. Dodd,[*''°'«y'263- Abner, 38. Baldwin, 243. Lebbeus, 243, 248. Stephen, 78, 241,243, 248. Dodge, J. Smith, 144. Dfe,[f«-nily,353. Bishop, 64. Michael, 344, 347, 350. Peter, 347. Doley, Jacob, 76. Donaldson, Jeremiah F., 163. Doney, William, 321. Doremus, family, 267. Abraham, 234. Cornelius B., 78, 250, 267, 284. Frederick, 274. James, 376. John, 275. Thomas, 284. Dorman, George M., 320. Philip, 275. Dormeyer, Frederick, 351. Doty, family, 292. Aaron, 76,293. E. A., 158. Joseph D., 72. Moses, 45, 293. Solomon, 162. Douglass, Benjamin, 141. James, 156. Nathaniel F., 77. Doughty, John, 29, 45, 55, 67, 75, 76, 79, 113, 119, 160. Solomon. 79, 263. Dow, John, 44, 46, 234. Downes, Patrick F., 73. Downing, Roswell B.,157. Drake, A. A., 255. Ebenezer, 67. INDEX TO NAMES. 401 Eliphalet, 77. Elisha, 867. George K., 75, 78, 133, 154, 159, 160, 366. Jacob, 25, 26, 32, 76, 78, 14], 241, 308, 350, 365. James W., 42, 78, 79, 245. John, 242. Jullua A., 164. Nelson H., 78. Silas, 25. Zephanlah, 75, 77, 211, 212. Brinkwater, J. M., 215. Drum, Lewis B., 140, 209. Jacob, 32. William, 39. Drummon, William, 275. Duberceau, Laville, 203. Dudley, H. C, 319. Joseph, 15. Duer, William A., 49, 76, 144. Dumont, A. Henry, 13T. H.A.,150. Duncan, Nellie, 147. Dunham, Azariah, 335. Asher, 36. Hampton, 39. James, 335. Stephen, 28. Dunzoy, Lewis D., 275. Dupuy, Eugene, 203. Duryea, Daniel, 251. Garret, 253. Biohard, 252. Eagles, Charles H., 313. Earls, William S., 158. Easton, William J., 164. Eaton, G. W., 60. i^kll?;|j--«^'346. Thomas, 75, 187. Eddy, Samuel, 140, 157. Edsall, Joseph, 38. Edwards, Caleb W., 346. C. A., 144, 159. James C, 142. William, 275. Egbert, Theodore, 144. Eick, Caspar, 386. Elliott, Alexander, 62. Ellis, John, 138. Ellison, M. E., 140, 318. Elmer, family, 26 J. Jonathan, 263. Ely, George C, 159. James, 77. Embley, John, 20. Bramell, H. G., 168. Emmons, Nicholas, 76. Bnslee, William, 138. Erdman. Albert, 71, 143, 3)8. Erskine, Eobert, 53, 75. Ervin, David, 32. ffiKfc■ Aaron, 276. Heden, j B. L., 321. George, 146. Gilbert, 338, 342. Joseph, 263. Hedges, Joseph, 76, 215. Samuel, 77, 380. Helby, Joseph, 109, 280. Hellar, Jacob, 351. Henderson, George, 63. Peter D., 334, 348. Hendricks, David, 385. Hendrickson, George F., 257. Samuel M., 352. Henn, Lawrence, 76. William, 373. H^S?on°'Ko'>«"nes,281. Joseph, 21. Henry, William, 75. Herr, Martin, 319. Herriman (see Harriman),Joseph,21. Hertel, Jacob, 54. Hiler, 1 Hiller, ^family, 268. Hyler, I Bev. A., 72, 384. Jacob, 275. James, 351. John, 275. Martin, 336, 347, 355. Nicholas, 21, 250, 251, 268, 275. Peter, 46, 275, 336, 355. Philip, 275. William, 345. HiU, Jeams, 138. John, 74, 77, 78, 139, 182, 310, 328, 334. T. E., 279. HiUard, Charles, 78, 79. Henry, 78, 159, 162. Hillman, James W., 145. Hillyer, James W., 145. Hilts, Samuel, 76, 77. Hinchman, family, 325. Felix, 314. Guide, 316. Guy M., 58, 64, 230, 305, 314, 325. James, 46, 365. John, 38, 46, 64, 79, 345, 349, 356. Joseph, 79, 336, 345. William, 47, 336, 345. Hines, | Hindes, }■ James, 275. Hynds, ) John C, 143. Joseph, 75. Bichard, 162. Hoagland, Cornelius, 79. Hudson, 315. John B., 315. Mahlon, 61, 65, 334, 357. Peter, 316. Hobart, John Henry, 210. Hobbs, William, 139. Hoff, family, 361.- Charles, 45, 50, 55, 275, 361. Hannah, 64. Garret, 275. Joseph, 50, 274, 361. Hoffman, Charles S., 319. Christian, 275. Nicholas, 280. Philip H., 159, 163, 164. Holenkous, Philip, 275. Holland, Edward, 380. HoUoway, Benjamin, 42, 45. Elijah, 153. Jacob, 77. W. W., 71. Holmes, Benjamin, 141. Jacob, 178. James, 60, 162, 184. Joseph, 275. Hone, John, 144, 164. Honeyman, William E., 344. Honness, Conrad, 387. Hood, Thomas, 281. Hoops, Arthur, 164. Hoover, Charles, 137, 150. Hopkins, Charles F., 289. Hezekiah B., 259. Boyal, 157. Samuel J,, 156. Silas H., 368. Hopler, Conrad, 355. Frederick, 336. Peter, 336. Hopper, Benjamin, 339. Moses, 79. Hopping, Albert G., 157. Daniel, 76. James P., 77. Joseph, 79. Moses, 234. Ho?a,}j-ob,275. Moses, 46, 235. Horn, Benjamin, 29. Hombeok, Isaac 36. Horner, James, 58. HortoS;[^^"'*l^'"'^-2<16- Caleb, 32, 193. Daniel, 76. David, 62, 79. Elijah, 76, 79. Jonathan, 32. Bev. M., 202. Nathaniel, 343. Howard, Hiram, 275. John, 65. Joseph, 130, 132. William, 36, 275. Howell & Noble, 397. Benjamin, 25,46, 59,1 Calvin, 76, 78. Charles, 132. Edward, 78. Blias, 241. George W., 72. Jared, 77. John, 29, 193. Levi, 32. M. B., 259. Monroe, 66, 224. Nelson. 77. Bichard, 15. Samuel N., 151. Silas, 26, 28, S2. William H., 76, 78, 224. Rowland, William H., 163. Hoyt, Charles A., 204. H. A., 121. Henry S., 146. Hubbard, Mahlon, 218, 226. Hubbell, Nathaniel, 224. Hudson, Abram, 29. George, 299. Henry, 8. Huff, Joseph, 234. Hughson, Charles A., 313. Nelson, 308. Hulme, Daniel, 47. Hull, Aurelius B., 137, 154, 163, 170, 393. George L., 158, 164. H. T., 159. Joseph, 275. Samuel P., 141, 144, 152. Hunloke, Edward, 15. Hunt, family, 381. Andrew, 151. Holloway W., 373, 381, 387. William, 160. Hunter, Gov. Bobert, 10, 15. Huntington, Thomas, 26, 43, 339, 342. §;;Sg,[j='™e=M.,71. Jonathan, 337. Stephen, 79. Hurd, family, 230, 292. Daniel, 46, 76, 230, 234. David B., 75, 230, 235, 239. Jacob, 315, 316. James L., 230, 235. John, 66. Joseph, 45, 46, 67, 79, 230, 233, 335, 349. Lewis, 230. Moses, 291, 313. Hurlbut, Benjamin, 241. Hurst, J. F., 203. Husted, John N., 259. Husy, Thomas, 348. Hutton, Mancius,;387. I. Ingoldsby, Gov. Bichard, 10, 15. Irving, David, 137, 173. Peter, 274, 279. Stephen, 25, 35, 40. 42, 45, 48, 63, fi5, 76, 274, 343, 350, 357. Timothy, 256. William, 43, 48, 52, 58,76,348,351. Jacobus, family, 267. Abraham, 275. 6,76,224, Brant, 275. Cornelius A., 275. James, 275. James, David M., 256. John, 262. William H., 157. Janeway, John L., 253. Jaguet, Johannes Paul, 8. Jayne, David, 138, 236, 256. Jenkins, David, 309. George, 59. 60, 180. H. C, 60, 180. John B., 309. Jennings, .Tames, 27.5. Joshua, 76, 79. Samuel, 15. Jerome, John A., 210. Johnes, George W., 109. J. L., 141. John B., 77, 138, 142. Timothy, 32, 39, 57, 71, 113, 115, 118, 131, 133, 141, 148, 162, 342. William, 153. Johnson, 1 Jonson, i- Abraham, 339. Johnston, ) Alexander, 132. A. V. C, 200. Daniel H., 248. Prank A., 72, 213. Gabriel, 77. Ichabod, 29. Jacob, 37, 78, 113, 120. James, 150, 248. J. Henry, 150. J. Searing, 141, 158, 164. Jeremiah, 132. John,42,49, 133, 225, 327,334, 336. Jonathan, 275. Levi. 72, 158. • Mahlon, 149, 163. Manning, 164. Nehemiah H., 145. Peter, 76, 138, 152, 159, 275. Bichard. 28, 32, 74, 76. Sir William, 7. William, 77, 78, 138, 158. Joline, John, 248. Jollamons, Peter, 138. JoUey, Isaac B., 313, 315, 316. Jones, Asher, 379. Charles, 213. Nathaniel, 60. Judson, Adoniram, 58. Adrian B., 357. J- Jackson, family, 360. Benjamin, 79, 351. Charles, 353, 358. Daniel, 275. Edward, 275, 320. Bev. G. T., 309. James, 351. John, 40, 41, 78, 237. 238, 275, 295, 314, 349, 361. Joseph, 38, 40, 58, 64, 67, 76, 78, 163, 179, 274, 316, 344, 349, 351, 355, 356, 360. K. Kaiser, Andrew, 313. Kallock, Sheppard, 192. Kanouse, family, 269. Alexander, 353. Conrad, 336. Jacob, 67, 178, 252, 336. John, 76, 78, 177, 250, 270, 353. Peter, 233, 270, 318, E68. Karn, Christopher, 386. ||y|;[john,19,109. ^len! I -fames, 35, 43, 44. Kearney, Michael, 318, 336. Colonel Phil., 13. Keep, Henry, 309. Keepars., Thomas, 44, 204. Keiser, James B., 385. Kellogg, Bobert B., 318. Kelly, Isaac, 375. William, 75. INDEX TO NAMES. 403 Kelsey, John B., 354. Kelso, John, 76, 339. Kemble, Peter, 22, 75. Richard, 264. Kemlo, James, 73, 253. Kemper, Jacob, 28. Kemple, Peter, 77. Kenneady, John, 140. Kennealy, Father, 72. Henry, 77, 79. Kenney, Thomas, 148. Kent, Rodolphus, 153, 223, 273. .Thomas, 132. Ketohum, Enoch, 142. Samuel, 356. ■William, 351. Kidder, D. P., 203. Kleft, Governor, 7, 15, 17. Klersted, Luke John, 282. Kilburn, Amos, 339. Daniel, 39. Kill, William, 396. King, family, 293, 314. Barnabas, 71, 304, 318, 314, 351. Charles. 63, 144. Constant, 75, 76. Frederick, 138, 153. George, 25, 225. Henry, 153, 159. Jacob, 141, 153. James, 334. Jason, 153. Jesse, 242, 314. John, 43, 111, 275. Joseph, 33, 317, 337. Preston,. 43. Theodore F., 366. Thomas L., 75. Victor, 38. William L., 143, 1.54, 163, 164. V". B., 144. Kingsbury, J. A., 72. Kingsland, Edmund, 252,269, 275, 276. Klngsley, Washington, 139. Kinsey, Charles, 67. James, 11. Kip, William I., 141. Kirkbride, Jacob, 269. Joseph, 63, 291, 303, 332, 336. Kirkpatrick, David, 31. Eugene W.-, 237. Walter, 78, 237. Kirtland, Orlando L., 118, 137, 143. Kissam, Edward V. B., 141. • Kitchen, Aaron, 30, 35, 35, 36, 38, 75, 76, 78,111,163,191,319. Abraham, -20, 35, 26, 35, ,38, 43, .56. 73, 75,76,78, 111,219, 272, 280, 343, 350. Bzekiel, 76, 78. Ford, 351. James, 35, 338, 349, 351. John, 76. Joseph, 26, 75, 191, 219, 356. Matthias, 46, 77, 78, 319, 355. Moses, 33. Timothy, 78. , Uzal, 37. William, 21B. W. M., 190. Kline, Peter, 38. Knapp, Josiah P., 77. Knighton, Frederick, 248. Knowles, J. H., 72. Knox, James H. N., 387. H., 125. Koarter, 1 J ,^ 289 Courter, j Kool, Jacob, 368. Kopp, Bliphalet, 380. Lad, Jonathan, 332. La Fevre (see Le Fevre), Minard, 63. William B., 77. Lamb, John, 138. Lambert, John, 15. William H., 63, 313, 315. LaSpsSnJ^^"^'^"^"'^"'^^*- Charles, 292. Daniel, 297, 315, 353. Eleazer, 350. Lanee, John, 387. Peter, 387. Lane, G., 388. Landon, Thomas, 77, 79, T. H., 73. Langmuir, Gavin, 137. Laporte, John, 132. Large, Ebenezer, 254, 363. La Rue, D. A., 150. Latham, John, 291. Joseph, 40, 295. Lathrop, Francis S., 166, 210, 314. William G., 60, 163, 184, 269, 328. Lawrence, Jacob, 301. John, 17, 125. Sylvanus, 388. Lawrie, Gawen, 9, 10, 15, 17, 109. Layton, Peter, 155, 263. Leddell, John, 314. Lee, John, 275. William, 79. Leek, Daniel H., 164; Lrff?erf'}fa-"y.292. Hippolyte, 337, 292. John, 237. Minard, 45, 237, 291, 392. William, 236, 237, 293. Leforge, Lewis, 293. Leitze, John, 313. Le Maitre, Isaac, 266. John, 266. Lennel, Edward P., 387. Lepard, John, 138. Leport, William T., 317. Lewis, Aaron, 293. Daniel, 351. Eliphalet, 367, 369. Jefferson, 140. Job J., 157. John, 79. Joseph. 37, 7.5, 76, 124, 126, 133, 147, 153,155. Levi, 367. Richard, 78. William, 148, 1.59. Lieurs, Edward B., 313. Lineton, Hannah, 138. Lindaberry, John, 387. Lindley, ) Lindsley, [-Benjamin, 76, 147. Lindsey, ) Charles R., 158. Daniel, 21, 133, 148, 153. David, 79, 138. Demas, 248. Eleazer, 31, 76, 78. Elizabeth, 131. Ephraim, 61. Frances, 163, 354. Ira J., 158. Isaac, 76. J. C, 147, 164. John, 31, 75, 130, 138, 148. Jonathan, 132. Joseph, 19, 20, 32, 75, 113, 133, 138, 142, 163. Moses, 190. Oscar, 78. Philip, 138. Samuel, 275. Sarah, 131. Silas, 76, 78. Simeon, 131. Link, Henry, 275. Linnell, E. R., 71, 73. Lippineott, Caleb A., 140, 235. Little, Charles H., 319. Eliakim, 193, 196. James, 67. Peter, 275. S. H., 144. Theodore, 137. 138, 151, 157, 158, 162, 172. William, 77. Livingston, William, 11, 15. Logan, Dorastus B., 312, 395, 396. John, 279. Robert, 29. Thomas, 76. William, 76, 78. Long, Ephraim, 233. f:rn&,h'>--L-i«^- John B., 358. Lord, Edward C, 144, 163. J. Cowper. 59, 60, 63, 64, 70, 163, 180. Jeremiah S., 253. Loree, Job, 241. Lewis, 79, 241, 243. Lorenz, Adam, 386. Losey, Betsey, 3.53. Israel C, 315. Jacob, 57, 314, 316, 349. James, 312, 319. John, 41, 77, 78, 230, 234, 239, 314, 316, 338. Nehemiah, 79. Philip, 237. Lott, Abraham, 219. Loughenner, Abraham, 375. Love, Andrew J., 313. George, 312. Lovelace, Lieut. Governor, 10, 15. Lovell, Joseph, 76. Low, Abraham, 369. John H., 367. Loweree, Christopher, 178. Lowerus, Henry, 275. Lucas, Nicholas, 9. I;;jce-[ David, 75. Nathan B., 1,53. S. W., 146. Ludlow, Abraham, 138. Benjamin, 76, 79, 263, 263. Cornelius, 32, 76, 180, 383. George, 15, 75, 77, 163, 263. Luffbury, David, 138. Lum, Benjamin, 76, 34.5. Israel, 76. Matthew, 21, 130, 132, 138. Obadiah, 342. Squier, 76. Lundy, F. L., 153. Luzerne, Chevalier de la, 120. Lyman, Asa, 150, 199. Lyon, Ashur, 351. E. T., 140. Edward C, 151, 161. Eliphalet, 275. Isaac S., 59, 223. Jacob, 275. John, 19. Stephen, 22. M. McBride, W. H., 320. MoCandless, J. H., 214. McCarter, John, 67, 75. Robert, 75. McCartyt ( ^- ■*■•' ^3*' ^^■ Cummings, 76, 325. Dennis, 73. Francis, 335, 350. Morris, 335, 356. MoCauley, J. B., 72. Joseph P., 309. McClellan, George B-, 15. McClinton, John, 140. McCiintock, J., 203. McCord, Joseph, 352. McCormick, C. W., 73. Daniel, 77. William H., 72, 320. McConnell, G., 256, 275. MccSrry; ! Benjamin, 75, 78, 78, 160. McCuUough, I G. P., 117, 141, 151, 157, McCulloch, I 178. George B., 367. McCuUum, Charles, 147. McCurdy, Samuel, 247. McDavit, James, 312, 395, 396. William H., 75, 313. McDowell, William A., 136, 150. McBweuyJohn, 31.. McFarlan, Charles, 237, 238. Henry, 45, 57, 58, 314, 319. McGahan, Patrick A., 72. McGee, David, 248. McGowen, John, 158. Mcllrath, Samuel, 243, 264. Sarah, 243. McKay, William H., 164. McKinnon, William, 306. McLane, I Michael, 71. McLean, ( William, 388. McMurray, James, 308. McPherson, Gillis, 275. McBank, Edward, 275. McQueen, Robert, 55. MeUrdy, James, 275. McViekers, James, 241. Magie, John, 275. Mahurin, Ebenezer, 132. Seth, 275. Malley, Thomas, 164. Mandell, Albert, 209. Manderfield, Giles, 21. Mandeville, (.),„„.,„ „„, Manderville, r"™''5^' ^'^■ Anthony, 274, 284, 350. Cornelius W., 76, 79. David, 18, 266. Giles, 279. Hendrick, 18. Henry, 75, 76, 279, 288. Nicholas W., 79. Samuel, 225. W. A., 79. Mann, Cooney, 321 . George, 321. Jacob, 38, 140, 152, 163. Mapes, Lev^s T., 140. Marcelle, Peter, 233. Margot, David, 319. Marinus, David, 252, 281. John, 375. Marjoram, Stephen F., 47. Markle, Josiah, 214. Marsh, Ephraim, 78, 78, 380, 382. E. E., 158. Hampton O., 143, 151, 154, 163, 245. John, 345. Joseph, 133, 245. William Wallace, 380, 382. Martin, Daniel C, 79, 80, 141, 160. Ephraim, 32. Marcus W., 183. Samuel, 275. Marvin, Jonathan D., 138. Mase, John F., 313, 315. William H., 320. Mather, F. G., 139. Mathews, Frederick, 348. Mattes, William F.,320. Mattoon, R. D., 326. Matiox, J. Mills, 358. Maury, James, 144. Maxwell, Anthony, 31. William, 29, 33. Mead, George D., 251. Giles, 38, 29. Heman, 143, 151. Isaac, 79. Jan, 267. John, 18, 266. R. R., 125. Meeker, Andrew, 147. C. B., 187. Elisba, 313. 404 INDEX TO NAMES. George, D., 73. Joseph, 28. Josiah, 78, 368. Stephen, 77. tJzal, 31. W. J., 187. Megie, family, 388. Burtis C, 72, 309, 317, 318. Daniel E., 182, 368. Meliok, James S., 313, 321. Menagh, David, 356. Menard, Henry, 291. "William E., 330. Mercer, John, 28, 29. Merchant, family, 291. Daniel P., 77, 291, 308. Fi-auk, 308. Merritt, Robert N., 72, 141, 150, 156. Samuel, 45. Mesler, Abraham, 253, 282. Mey, Cornelius Jacobsen, 8. Meyer, Hermanus, 252, 282. John, 182. Miley, John, 203. Sfl}}[fe!'}j--es,268. Thomas, 36, 42, 74, 75. MlUer, Aaron, 236. Adam, 276, 336. Alexander, 207. David, 76, 77, 79, 159, 378. Frederick, 253, 335. Halsey, 79. Henry W., 141, 143, 164. Isaac, 275. Jacob "W., 75, 76, 78, 141, 154, 312, 396. James, 138. John, 188, 193, 201, 208, 209. 275, 238. Jonathan, 76. Luke, 79, 193, 197. Silas, 79. William W., 80. MiUs, Alfred, 75, 141, 150, 156, 162, 164, 174. David, 26, 74, 76, 78, 80, 153. Edward, 153. Ezra, 138. Henry, 136, 150. James, 225. John, 136, 148, 159. Lewis, 188, 147, 150, 159, 160. Samuel, 132. Thornton A., 317. Timothy, 132, 138, 148. Minard, Abel, 164. Minthome, George, 193. Samuel, 79. Minton, Jacob, 76, 350. John, 339. William, 79. Minuit, Peter, 15. MiraUes, Don Juan de, 120. Misel, Henry, 236. Simon, 236. Mitchell, I A xj^ lio Michill. f-a^rtnur,ii/«. James N., 375. Matthew, 148. Nathaniel, 339. Monell, Francis, 140. Thomas, 148. Moru:oe, Nathan W., 319. William, 258. Monson, Moses, 138. Montgomerie, 1 j , ,q ■,. Montgomery, ( Jotm, lu, 16. Michael, 275. Mooney, Henry, 141. Moore, family, 263. Augustus, 75. David, 139, 345. Isaac, 268. James, 71. Joshua, 275. Loammi, 77, 159. Martin S., 77. Samuel, 310, 339, S., 158. Van Clever, 39. More, David, 132. Joseph, 368. Morehouse, family, 263. John, 193. Simon, 263. Stephen, 206. Moreland, John, 158. Morrell. Francis, 140. Jacob, 208. Thomas, 148. Morris, Alexander, 48. Daniel,. 138. Elder, 133. Grandin, 45. Isaac, 32. J. Ford, 2.53. Jonathan F., 28. Joseph, 26, 38, 32. Lewis, 10, 15, 41. Robert, 37, 44, 48, 118, 336. Staats Long, 109. Morrison, Hendrick, 39. Morris, 19, 30, 332. Morrow, David, 140. W. F.,304. Morse, Abner, 313. J. B., 139. Moses, Erastus, 140. Mott, family, 393. Elishr., 77, 357. Gershom, 75. John, 77, 357. Nathaniel, 58, 79, 357. William, 293, 310. W. C, 157. Mourison, Andrew, 339. Henry, 253, 275. Maurice, 266, 275. Mowery, Ira H., 367. Moyland, John, 125. Stephen, 51. Muchmore, William M., 78. Muddell, Samuel, 146. Muhlenberg, Henry Melchior, 384. Henry, 384, 386. Peter G., 384. Muir, C. A., 144. E. A., 158. Peter, 65. Robert, 79. Thomas, 43, 55, 65. Mulford, Charles H., 164. Daniel, 160. John R., 207. Mulligan, Charles, 312. Munn, Jeptha B., 69, 76, 78, 160, 162, 198. Munro, William, 76, 77, 78. Munson, family, 293. Caleb, 138. Charles H., 313. Ezekiel, 292. John, 30, 33, 42, 51, 375, 335, 356. Solomon, 131, 138. Stephen, 35. Waitstill, 138. Murray, John, 53. N. Nadal, D. H., 303. Nafee, Francis, 79. Nash, Francis, 29. Naughright, John, 78. Neal, Ava, 283. Nealy, Abraham, 31. Neimu|'[Ge-^«*.59,357. Neighbour, family, 317, 375. James H., 60, 173, 313, 317, 318. Leonard, 76, 78, 386. Lemuel, 76, 374. Nicholas, 67, 76, 78, 378. Neitser, Henry, 378. Jacob, 378. Neville, Samuel, 336. Nevins, B. Chalmers, 317. Newcomb, Silas, 29. Newberry, E. E., 395. Newell, Richard, 209. William A., 15, 74. Newton, A. H., 72, 143. Nicholas, David A., 72, 162, 255, 258. Walter, 348. Nichols, Rhoda, 77. William, 77, 215. NicoU, Richard. 8. Niles, Nathaniel, 72, 78. Nix, John, 275. Noble, Charles E., 163, 164, 326. Norman, Edward N., 236. Thomas K., 230. Norris, Alexander, 55. Mary, 354. Silas, 164. William K., 159. Nortman, James, 313. Norton, James, 275. Norway, Charles, 178. Nox, James, 275. Noyes, Isaac R., 143. Nutman, John, 224. Samuel, 132. Nutting, T.B., 158. Nystrom, John, 141. O. 0«kes, Samuel, 182. Odell, Isaac, 396. O'Donnell, T. J., 153. Ogden, Aaron, 31, 38. Abraham, 33, 34, 44, 48, 75, 148, 335. Barne, 31. Charles, 35, 141. David, 24, 48, 56, 233, 269, 273, 280, 335. Elias, 67, 349. Isaac, 48, 56, 280, 339. John, 48, 115. Jonathan, 76, 78, 159, 162. Joseph M., 199. Josiah, 48. Matthias, 29, 30, 31, 197. Moses, 31. Robert, 52. Samuel, 33, 24, 44, 48, 50, 56, 75, 153, 223, 280. Stephen, 204. Uzall, 48, 75. O'Hara, George, 72, 146, 153. William M., 159. Ohlen, Henry C, 204. Stephen, 204. Olden, Gov. Aaron, 12, 15. Charles S., 15. Olive, Benjamin, 254. Thomas, 10, 15. Oliver, Jonathan, 136. Olrastead, Henry M., 137, 162. Olyphant, David. IK, 342. Opdyke, H. D., 73. Oram, Robert F., 60, 163, 310, 338, 334. Thomas, 313, 334. Orr, John, 31. Osborne, family, 263. Abraham, 350. Daniel, 363. Enos A., 368. Jeremiah, 332. Jonathan, 31, 41. William K., 215. Ostrander, Stephen, 252, 282. Overton, D. B., 62. Stephen, 71, 212. Owen, F. W., 143, 158. P. Page, George S., 200. Palmer, Abram M., 320. Daniel, -312. S. F., 200. Pannell, C. H. H., 145. Parcels, Swain, 232. Pardee, Ario, 42, 63. Park, C. C, 256. Parker, Addison, 72, 139. C. C, 326. James, 140, 168, 335, 365, 367. Joel, 15, 74. Parlaman, John, 374, 275, 276. Parrots, Thomas, 76. William, 67. Parson, L. D., 141. Patterson, William, 15, 76, 141. Paubel, Louis, 203. Paul, John„150. Paulmier, Jacob S., 204. Pear, ) Peer, J- Abraham, 275, 276. Pier, ) Daniel T., 179, 250, David, 76.336, 388. Edward C, 345. Jacob, 269, 345. John, 275. Samuel, 336. Thomas, 56, 280. Pearce, Andrew, 77. B. H., 200. Pease, Franklin, 317. Peck, Aaron, 235. Timothy, 134. Peiterson, David de vrics, 8. Pemberton, Israel, 252, 365. Robert, 31. Penn, William, 9, 19. Pennington, Frederick, 48. Thomas, 48. William S., 15, 138. Peppard, Francis, 71, 247. Perrine, Matthew, 207. Robert, 39. Perry, Joseph, 256. O. H., 71. William E., 318. Peters, Hewlet R., 141. Pettit, John, 75. Pewtner, James, 379. Phelps, Samuel M., 221, 225. W. Walter, 74. ?S' [George, 381. Henry W., 55, 76. Jonas, 138, 148. Joshua, 232. Lewis, 349. Moses, 45, 55. Robert, 321. Phoenix. Daniel, 133, 147, 149. Theodore W., 78, 244. 153, 159, 163. Pierce, John, 125. Piorson, Aaron, 153. Abraham, 21, 111, 188, 247. Benjamin, 21, 67, 76, 131, 148. Charles J., 164. D. L.,145, 164. Ebenezer H., 76, 79, 159, 163, ;W, 338, 342. Edward, 137, 154, 163. Elijah, 115, 138. George, 368. Isaac, 67, 138, 148, 158, 349. Jabez, 67. Jacob, 138. John, 204, 247, 250, 278, 275. Jonathan, 138. Moses, 138. Samuel, 129, 193. Stephen, 151, 158. Willis, 343. Finney, A., 139. INDEX TO NAMES. 405 Pitdney, Samuel, 32. Pitney, Aaron, 78. Benjamin, 248. Charles A., 159. Henry 0., 75, 137, 150, 154, 162, 245, 246. James, 241, 242. Mahlon, 77. 1.59. Platter, David B., 340, 344. H. B., 339. Plumstead, Thomas, 312. Poels, James P., 72. Pohlman, Henry N., 385. Poillon, Winfleld, 141. Poineer, John W., 142. Pollard, Robert, 193. Poppeuhusen, Conrad, 64, 65, 338. Porter, Joseph, 275. Nathan, 140. Post, John v., 72, 78, 279. Peter, 2S1. Stephen, 279. Potter, Brastus B., 310, 313. H. C, 393. Samuel, 19. Potts, John, 140. Powers, Jacob, 77, 354. John, 312. Price, Benjamin, 312. Bphraim, 75. Isaac, 256. Nathan, 132. Philip, 275. Hodman M., IS. Samuel, 275. Thomas, 275. William, 275. Prime, D. H., lS2. Primrose, Henry, 132, 149, 159. Printz, John, 8, 15. Provost, David, 286. Prudden, Amos, 143. Benjamin, 342. Isaac, 138. Joanna, 131. Joseph, 40, 130, 131, 138, 148. Moses, 148. Peter, 132, 148. Stephen A., 138. Pruden, Byram, 316. B. L., 140. Moses, 32. Quayle, E. A., 159. Quigg, Hugh, 275. Quimby, Isaac, 76, 78. James, 79, 157. Joslah, 224. Quinn, B., 308. Michael, 256. Randall, Samuel, 210. Randolph, Charles F., 47, 159. Joseph P., 143, 151. Theodore F., 15, 60, 78, 168, 309. Rankin, Charles W., 141, 319. William, 214, 268. Bspalye, Garret, 46. Bawlings, Thomas, 309. C. T., 59. David, 111. H. R., 59. John, 275. Reading, Alexander, 39. John, 10, 15, 19, 63, 254, 269, 292, 295, 307, 332, 365. iTeltk] '''''-''''■ Nathan, 148. Reed, B. N., 141. Charles, 71. John, 31. Richard, 39, 160. Requa, Austin, 138, 162. Revere, Joseph W., 164. Paul, 159. Richards, George, 58, 62, 65, 313, 315, 319, 327, 358. James, 128, 134, 137, 153, 344. John, 18, 216, 224. Samuel, 55. Thomas, 55, 141. Richardson, John, 275. Biohelson, family, 327. Johannes, 319. Robert, 358. Ricber, Jan, 267. Riggs, Albert R., 44, 47, 230, 366, 368. Blias, 149, 242. Jetur R., 44, 236. John, 47, 76. Preserve, 76, 242. Zebulon, 241, 242, 248. Rlghter, Charles A., 223. George B., 45, 72. ' John, 46, 77, 223, 281. Joseph, 61, 76, 345, 346, 356. Peter, 224. Samuel F., 45, 79. Riker, Jacob, 44. Riley, Philip, 79. Ritchey, Thomas, 257. Bivington, James, 25. RoS; I Charles W., 140. J. W.. 143, 158. John, 193. Samuel, 75, 132, 148, 159. Robeards, Alexander, 132. Luman, 275. Robeson, John, '275. Robertson, Alexander, 77. Colin, 75. Robert, 29. Robinson, Benjamin, 79. Remus, 73. Roburds, Peter, 275. Benjamin, 53. C. P. R., 144. Jeremiah, 367. Joseph, 275. J.O., 318. Ransford, 128. Robert C, 72, 210. Rodney, David H., 140, 159. Roe, Jacob D., 237. Uriah, 268, 280. BofE, Blias, 312. Enoch, 293. Rolands, Joseph, 72. Romine, Jacob, 253. Ronal, James, 275. Roome, [^^"j^"""''"'' *«•'«• ^• Francis, 183. Peter, 267, 274. William, 332. Roomer, Samuel, 282. Roriok, Conrad, 386. Rose, William, 275. Rosenkrans, Benjamin, 39. Ross, Abram, 315. David, 351. Edwin, 140. George, 28, 164. Isaac, 275. Justice, 38. Thomas K., 140. William, 76, 274, 275. Rossi, A., 317. Roulofson, Rolouf, 386. Rowe, Samuel, 257. Rowland, George, 354. Roy, Joseph I., 153. Rude, Noah, 22. Rudyard, Thomas, 10, 15. Rue, Ephraim, 20. Runyon, Daniel, 77, 282. John R., 73, 80, 153, 163. Josis, 267. Heune, 138, 256. Richard, 262. Theodore, 74. Russell, Caleb, 42, 75, 76, 147, 148, 150, 152. Henry P., 142, 147, 152, 159. Israel. 142. J. C, 75. Sylvester, 67, 141, 150, 159, 160. Rutan, Manning, 314. Peter, 263. Rutherford, Walter, 52, 335. Ryason"' [ <^eorge, 18, 266, 279, 333, 338. Jonas, 282. Martin, 48, 67, 254, c65, Samuel, 36, 276. Thomas C, 38. Tunis, 335. Salmon, Aaron, 77, 254, 256. A. L., 255, 256. Charles, 254. George, 47, 257. John S., 256. Joshua S., 78. Stephen, 76. William, 256. Salsbury, Jonathan, 275. Salter, John, 76, 250, 335. Sammis, Charles, 353. Samson, B. TJ., 208. Sanders, Ephraim, 241, 244. Henry C, 78, 244. Peter, 52. Sanford, David, 77, 316. Frank Ford, 244. John, 31. Sargeant, Edmund K., 182. Samuel, 200. Sawyer, Samuel, 388. Sayer, Bphraim, 193, 196. Samuel, 77, 160. William Y., 147, 164. Scarlet, John, 319. Schanck, Garret C, 267, 283. Sehenck, Aaron, 140. A. A., 159. John V. N., 267, 283. Schermerhorn, John P., 144. Schlatter, Michael, 385. Schooley, Robert, 40, 291. Samuel, 373. William, 291, 303, 310. Schrauderbach, F., 159. Schubarth, C. D., 60. Schuyler, Arent, 18, 266. John, 43. Philip, 69, 76, 282. Scofleld, James A., 75. Scott, Elijah D., 46, 59, 69, 181, 331. James, 387. John, 78, 178, 368, 315. Joseph, 350, 336, 355. Truman H., 159. William, 46, 48, 53, 59, 65, 157, 178, 181, 350, 281, 314, 353. Winfleld, 12. Seranton, Selden T., 63. Scribner, Phebe, 151. ieT^Sf'}^«-"y.315. Alonzo, 321. David A., 316. Charles, 316. Ichabod, 140. I. W., 315. John W., 74, 319. Manning F., 319. Martin V. B., 313. Samuel, 138. Walter A., 72. Seeley, Elias P., 15. Sylvanus, 28, 30. Segur, Anson G. P., 47. Thomas B., 315, 318, 327. Warren, 320. Seward, Abraham, 233, 293. Henry, 78. John, 39, 52, 67, 77, 235, 239. Obadiah, 233. William H., 311, 212, 232. Shadrick, John, 138. Shafer, S. C, 333. Polydore, 335. Shane, James, 275. Sharp, family, 374. Jesse M., 78, 255. Joseph, 67, 77. Morris, 77. Shaub, Samuel B., 182. Shaver, Abraham, 80. Shaw, Henry, 141. John, 140. K. B., 141. Shawger, Columbus, 396. George, 53, 348. James, 158. Sheerau, James, 144. Sheldon, Elisha, 30. Shepard, Charles I., 383. Sherman, Abijah, 42. Byron, 168. John, 77, 354. Shermer, H. B., 257. Sherred, Samuel, 67. Sherwood, Ebenezer K., 380. Shipman, Benjamin, 21, 133. Samuel, 339. William, 134. Shongon, George, 233. Shores, WilUam, 19. Shotwell, Joseph, 40, 392. Showen, Ada, 275. Shuiler, Jacob, 76. Shute, William, 52. Sibb, Peter, 72. Simpson, Clark D., 236. John N., 72. Sitcher, William, 31. Skellenger, Ehas M., 78. Skene, John, 10, 15. Skldmore, W. B., 140. Skinner, Cortland, 113, 367, 334. Stephen, 36. Slaight, Cornelius, 365. Slater, Joseph, 279. Slaughter, T. J.. 204. Slingerland, family, 287. Smith, family, 338. Adam, 47. Albridge C, 313, 317, 318, 321. Andrew,42, 78, 224. Benjamin, 67, 78, 349. Bernard, 42, 54, 78, 338, 356. Cadwallader, 79. Calvin D., 77. Qaudius, 36, 275. David, 336, 356. Ebenezer F., 39, 42, 76, 78. Edward, 315. George, 58, 357. Henry, 312. Hiram, 67, 74, 76, 78, 349. I. Condit, 226. Jecaniah, 126. Jesse, 151. John, 38, 48, 76, 79, 313, 317, 388. Jonathan, 142. Joseph, 76, 77, 78. Peter, 76, 193. Samuel, 33, 75. Sanford H., 248. Thomas, 379. William, 31. 4o6 INDEX TO NAMES. ZlbaS.,245. Sonneborn, S. S., 396. South, Charles, 39. Southard, Henry, 263. Isaac, 162. Solomon, 138. Timothy, 77. Spalding, Joshua, 71. Wayland. 137, 138, 150. Spargo, Charles, 313. James T., 313. Speer, John T., 279. Richard, 74, 78, 163, 279. Spencer, Oliver, 30, 31. ' William, 52, 76. Spriggs, William, 77. Stagg, Henry, 339. Peter, 132. Staght, Robert, 77. Stalter, Sidney W., 157, 163. Jeremiah, 139. Stanbury, Samuel, 263. Stanburrough, family, 230. Albert, 11, 78, 163, 230, 234. John, 44, 77, 79, 230, 239. Stanford, Christian, 226. Stanton, John, 328. William, 141. Stark, Aaron, 76, 138. Amos. 79. John, 76, 78, 79, 138. Jonathan, 29. Starkey, Benjamin, 251. Steelman, Absalom, 369. Stephens,! ifl go Stevens, j -^-aam, ^. Amzi C, 256. Archer, 76, 254, 258, 363. Henry, 77. Ira B., 236. John, 257, 334. Biehard, 61, 255, 236. Robert C, 77, 78. R. H., 255, Samuel, 387. Stephenson, I y,^^,^ o,,, Stevenson, ( ^avid, dn. James, 138. Richard W., 138, 156. Thomas, 109, 263. Srt'}Henry,75. James, 75. John, 36. ^ Stickle, family, 362. Adam, 280. Barnabas K., 358. Bvon K., 162. David, 346. Edward, 316. Francis, 77. George, 46, 279. Hubbard S., 42, 43, 46, 52, 77, 280, 362. Jacob P., 338. Stlger, John S., 157. iiyfls,hpl"-^i™P-'^- J. H., 141. Jonathan, 20, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 38, 75, 78, 218. Joseph, 159. Levi, 253, 268, 287. Lewis B., 142, 278. L. O., 152. Moses, 275. Stilman, John, 308. Stirling, Lord, 29, 43, 49, .31, 52, 75. Stites, Jonathan, 74, 75, 148. Joseph, 132, 149. Richard, 76, 80, 147, 137, 164. Thomas, 49. Stock, Henry, 275. Stockton, Robert F., 12. Stoddard, family, 370. Elijah W., 71, 368. Stokes, Elwood H., 140. Stone, H. B., 162. KoUin G., 72. William W., 137, 138. Stoutenburg, family, 382. Luke I., 214, 382. Straight, Christian, 44. Stephen, 44, 234. Stratton, J. V., 139. William, 12, 15. Street, Thomas W., 319. Strong, James, 203. Strubel Diedric, 386. Stuart, Charles, 273. Sturtevant, Eliphalet, 55, 396. Stuy vesant, Peter, 15. Sullivan, James P., 139, 138, 164. Sumner, W. G., 144. Sutton, Abner, 256. Samuel M., 313. Swackhamer, family, 375. Jacob, 77. John, 386. Swain, George, 310. Swan, Charles Y., 141, 163. iwirze,hamuel,73.77. William, 39. . Sweet, William H., 396. Sweezy, Samuel, 21, 75, 132, 212. Symmes, John C, 77. Sym, William, 138. T. Talbot, Theodore F., 159. Talcott, E. Kirk, 320. W. & C, 60. Talmadge, Cyrus, 396. Daniel, 275, 396. Ellas C, 237. James H., 283. Zophar 0., 44, 234. Taulman, Peter, 31. Tappen, Abraham, 75. Tatham, John, 15. Taylor, Horace E., 180. Jacob, 335. John B., 144, 158, 164, 279. William J. & Co., 215. Teabo, William, 61. Teasdale, John, 256. Thomas, 39. Temont, Frederick, 21. Temple, Ebenezer W., 47. William, 47. Tenbrook, William, 28. Terris, Apollos, 279. Terry, Nathaniel, 38, 76. Thai-p, James, 275. Thatcher, John, 161. Thomas, Edward D., 29. Isaac, 309. Joseph A., COO. Rev. J., 72, Nodiah, 223, 226. Samuel, 59. Thompson, Alexander H.. 137. Benjamin, .32. Calvin, 77. Charles, 246. David, 25, 20, 32, 39, 75, 76, 78, 126, 247. GeorgeH., 76, 78. Jonathan. 77, 138. Joseph, 163, 241, 242, 309. Joshua, 233. J. W., 141. Mark, 73. Peter, 52. Samuel, 52. Stephen, 78, 126, 247, 248. William, 77, 207. Wilmot, 316. Thomson, Andrew, 31. Thornburn, John, 36. Thorp, David, 17. Throckmorton, William, 303. Thurber, Lewis G., 73. Tice, Peter, 275. Ticbenor, Caleb, 132. Jabez, 193. James H., 228. Tighlman, Tench, 125. Till, Philip, 293. Tinney, Thomas, 396. Tippet,' Samuel, 338. Tobey, William, 225. Todd, Isaac, 40. Tolan. W. B , 188. Tomkins, ( nntiipi D ifa Tompkins, } "^^^^^ "■' !*«• Ichabod, 138. L. C, 139. Tonkin, James, 330, 321. Townley, John H., 137. Tracy, Peter, 47. Travis, Richard H., 204. Treadwell, Alfred M., 72, 78, 190, 210. Treat, Jay S., 315, 318. Treleaze, Charles, 352. Treloar, Daniel, 321. Trimmer, George, 77. Troop, John, 36. Trott, Samuel, 138. Trowbridge, Charles, 313. C. F., 320. David, 293. Troxell, Eugene, 164. Tucker, David, 315. George, 78, 149. Timothy, 138. Tunnell, John, 257. Tunis, Charles M., 313. John S., 72. Turner,W . J., 321. Turton, W. H., 138. Tuthill, Samuel, 23, 25, 41, 74, 147, 148, 155, 169. Stephen, 20. Theodorus, 149. Tuttle, A. H., 204. Ebenezer, '45, 76, 276. Daniel, 77, 313. David, 28, 32, 38, 310. Henry, 42, 263. Jacob, 207. James, 204, 207, 225, 318, 342. John, 46, 222. Joseph, 46, 49, 75, 111, 113, 116, 120, 187. 218, 222, 223, 339, 336. Moses, 28, 64, 75, 76, 274, 295, 337, 343, 354, 356. Robert K., 77, 122. Silas, 78, 222. Samuel L., 113, 115, 123, 131, 187, 208, 275. Timothy, 21, 28, 37, 75. William, 79, 121, 153. Tyack, Thomas, 237. Tyng. J. H.. 144. U. Upham, S. F., 203. William, 275. Upjohn, James A., 309, 319. TJpson, Jesse, 73, 76, 78. V. Vail, Abby, 123. Alfred, 144, 160. Davis, 157. George, 74, 78, 157, 172. Henry, 138. Stephen, 57, 76, 142, 160, 172. William P., 169. Valentine, Arthur, 79. Vanaoken, Abraham, 75. Van Anglen, John, 29. Vanatta, Jacob, 63, 78, 172. Van Artsdalen, Garret, 387. Van Benschoten, S., 140. Vance, Alanson A., 152, 153, 157. Joseph, 182, 248. Van Campen, Abraham, 75. Van Cleve, C. S., 140. S. W., 140. Van Cook, Richard, 275. Van Cortland, Philip, 24, 25, 36, 75. Vanderbeck, Paul, 279. Paulus, 267. 274, 281. Vanderhoof, Peter, 313. Vanderpool, David, 275. Vanderveer, James, 75, Vandewoort, John C, 387. Van Dine, 1 Abraham, 19, 20, 274, Van Duyne, ) 288. Alfred, 77. A. C, 78. Cornelius, 250. Isaac, 21, 75, 275. Jacob, 275. John M., 230. Mott, 233. Martin, 274. Matthew, 20, 21. William T., 182. Van Doren, Abraham, 215. John, 215. Joseph H., 137, 138, 158, 182. Luther H., 253. Van Duzer, Gabriel, 237. Tusten, 239. Van Dyke, John, 255. Van Gilder, Abraham, 141. Evert, 79. V?ShorTl««^^t,319. William, 138. Van Houten, Abraham, 67. Henry, 275. Vanlien, John, 248. Van Ness, family, 267. Henry, 250, 252, 274. Samuel, 75, 78, 279. Simon, 46, 266, 279. Van Orden, Cornelius, 250. Van Rensselaer, William, 158. Vansant, Samuel, 140. Van Schaick, John, 71. Van Winkle, Jacob, 346. Thomas, 76. Vermilye, Robert G., 387. Verrazanno, John de, 8. Vliet, William, 39. Vogt, Louis C, 132. L. A. & B. H., 140, 164. Voorhees, A. E., 146. Cornelius, 76, 78, 223. Georges., 158, 162. James, 137, 138, 153, 159. John F., 156, 162. William, 147. Von Beaverhoudt, Lucius, 218, 253. Vreeland, Conrad, 237. Coon, 275. Daniel, 193. George W., 164. J. B., 159. J. J., 321. John, 268. Simon, 268. Vroom, Peter D., 15. W. Wack, Caspar, 378, 381, 386. Jacob, 388. Waddell, William C. H., 46. Wade, Isaac, 38. Jonas, 38. Nodiah, 29, 32, 193. Waer, Harman K., 369. William A., 316. Waldorf, Anthon, 386. WaldrutE, John, 76. Walser, O. H., 72. Walters, David, 309. Thomas, 319. INDEX TO xNAMES. 407 Walton, John, 138, 345, 347. Mark, 42, 275. Reuben, 337, 344. Wankle, Agnes, 344, 347. Benjamin, 275. Jacob, 356. Ward, Elijah, 38, 75, 76, 78. En OS, 76. John, 368. Lebbeus B., 137, 138, 163, 176. Marons L., 15, 74. Nathan, 132. Silas, 176. Stephen, 21. Thomas, 225. Washburn. Bleazer, 242. Washington, Gen. George, 12. • Waterman, Isaac S., 63. Wation, Charles, 379. Luke, 220. Weatherby, Benjamin, 31. Webb, Abraham, 39. James A., 163, 202. Weir. Collins, 16t. Weise, Jacob, 76, 78. Lnnis, 312. Philip, 388. Samuel, 77. Wells, Elijah D., 308. John, 77. Samuel. 73. Welsh, family, 375. David. 67, 75, 78, 78, 162, 374, 386. Jacob, 76. John, 77. William, 10. Wilhelm, 386. Welahear, Thomas, 275. West, Andrew J., 150. Weston, D. C, 210. Wetmore, A polios, 59. David W., 59, 17fl, 281. William H., 159. Wheeler, William, 354. Whelpley, Edward W., 78, 131. Samuel, 149, 150. William A., 150. White, Ellas M., 78. N. H., 152. Whitehead, Aaron D., 137, 138. Asa, 69. Benoni, 3,54. Calvin', 225. Edward, 164. Francis L., 137. Ira C, 78, 138, 150, 381. Isaac, 21, 77. James, 279. J. H., 72, 283. John, 1,56, 275. Samuel, 258, 339. Sylvester H., 138. Theodore F., 248. William A., 111. Wick, Henry, 22, 241. Wigger, W. M., 72, 209. Wiggins, Albert, 310, 313. Daniel F., 313. Gershom, 275. Jonathan, 64, 337. William F., 337. Wiley, Henry, 388. John S., 388. Wilkinson, I ._„„,. ,00 Wilkison, fAnne>,ld8. J., 12.5. Willi"" ^EliphaletC, 381. Isaac, 379. -^ Samuel, 78, 380. Willford, C. B., 157. E. P.,157. Williams, Joseph E.. 313. William T., 313. Williamson, Abraham, 314, 235, 308. Benjamin, 69. Isaac H., 13. Willis, Aaron, 373. Edwin E., 73; James. 147. Jcmas L., 38. Thomas, 46. 56, 59, 182, 276. Willocks, George, 266. Wills, James, 19, 22, 241. John, 109. Samuel, 76. Wilson, Jacob, 75, 76, 313. James J., 38, 152. Jonathan, 379. Mordecar, 315, 327. Kobert, 76, 275. Samuel K., 315. Winans, Rodney, 318. Winchill. Isaac, 354. Windeyer, Walter, 210. Winds, Josiab, 79. William, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 38, 51. 78, 113, 292. 299, 339, 342, 348, 350. Wingst, Joshua, 42. Winslow, J. B., 162. John F., 48, 182. Winters, Charles, 52. Christian, 352. Wirts, John Conrad, 385. Witherspoon, John, 124. Witte, M. C. G., 143. ™'[ Aaron, 248. Augustus, 2.35. D. H., 237. Edward, 313. F. v.. 320. George H., 313. Job, 293. John Augustus, 384. William, 257. Wood, family, 230. Clement, 29. Freeman, 46, .58, 61, 65, 76, 78, 2:10, 235, 315, 316, 331, a5l, 3.57. James, 67, 76, 153, 159, 160, 182. Jonathan, 138. Joseph, 76, 138, 143, 304. Nelson. 163. Richard S., 162. Samuel D., 34.5. Theodore T., 58, 83, 131, 3.37,358. Thomas, 133, 138. William, 69, 75, 78. 163,230,236. W. B.. 1.39. Woodhull, James H., 182. Nathan, 214. William, 38, 73, 76, 78, 182, 212, 2.35, 387. Woodruff, Absalom, 25, 143, 245. Ebenezer, 25. E. B., 146, 163. John, 149. Seth, 67. WooUey, Abraham, 39. Woolsey, Elijah, 258. Wootten, Philip, 60. Wright, Samuel G., 55. Wurts, George, 253, 287. John, 78. Wyckoff, James, 318. Yager, Jacob, 255. Yard, Joseph A., 12. Robert B., 140. Yates, George, 143, 159. Yawger, James C, 78. York, Joseph, 164. Young, Arthur, 275. David, 219, 227, 287. Ephraim, 143. Henry, 275. James, 367. John, 76, 77, 141, 333. Martin, 275. Peter, 348. Robert, 21, 33. Stephen, 80, 138. S. L., 143. Thomas, 333. WilUam, 30, 76. Youngs, family, 291. Grover, 79. Israel, 23.3, 275. James, 212. Samuel, 308. Youngblood, James. 77, 78. Younglove, Israel, 75. Zabriskic, Albert J., 251. Josiah, 251. Zeek, Matthias, 352, 836. Zindle, Leopold and family, 337. m i!i. mm m i^idli